Crystalline gold specimen from Amador County, California. Size 2.0 x 1.8 x 0.4 cm.

Gold Country (also Mother Lode Country) is a region in the central and northeastern part of California. It is famed for the mineral deposits and gold mines that attracted waves of immigrants, known as the 49ers, during the 1849 California Gold Rush.

Geography[link]

State Route 49 was built through the Gold Country, stretching from Mariposa County in the south, to Sierra County in the north.

It includes parts of twelve California counties: Amador, Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sierra, Tuolumne, Plumas and Yuba.

Geology[link]

Sutter's Mill in 1850.

The Gold Country lies on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, reaching down to the Sacramento Valley. The oldest geology can be found along the easternmost portions of this region, closer to the Sierra Nevada summits. It consists of ancient sea floor and portions of islands which were added onto the western edge of North America during the late Paleozoic, about 275 million years ago. The western sections of the Mother Lode are significantly younger, from the mid Mesozoic about 150 million years ago, and also consist of material that was solidified on the ocean floor to the continental edge. Massive intrusions of granite forced their way into these formations. After ten miles of overlying material was eroded over the last 70 million years, these intrusions became visible throughout the Sierra Nevada. Over the last 50 million years, rivers and volcanoes deposited materials; these built up in thick layers found atop many of the high ridges of the Sierra Nevada foothills.

Climate[link]

For the most part, the climate in this part of California resembles that of much of Italy or Spain, making wine grapes and vineyards one of the region's primary crops and industry. Over 100 wineries are found throughout the Gold Country. Winters are cool and damp, averaging around 30 inches of rainfall and occasional snowfall, especially in the higher elevations of the eastern reaches up the slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains. Winter temperatures range from the upper twenties to mid fifties. Summers are dry and hot, with long stretches that reach triple digits. This region has very short periods of autumn and spring.

Principal cities and towns[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Gold Country Visitors Association
• The Virtual California Gold Country: Highway 49 Revisited Online
• Building Materials of the California Gold Country: A Selective Photographic Tour from Mariposa in Mariposa County to Auburn in Placer County, on Stone Quarries and Beyond.

v t e  State of California Sacramento (capital) Topics Climate Delegations Deserts Districts Ecology Elections Environment Geography Government History Protected areas Sports Symbols Transportation Visitor attractions Index of California-related articles Society Californians Culture Crime Demographics Economy Education Politics Regions Antelope Valley Big Sur Cascade Range Central California Central Coast Central Valley Channel Islands Coachella Valley Conejo Valley Cucamonga Valley Death Valley East Bay (SF) East County (SD) Eastern California Emerald Triangle Gold Country Great Basin Greater Los Angeles Greater Sacramento Inland Empire Lake Tahoe Los Angeles Basin Lost Coast Metropolitan Fresno Mojave Mountain Empire North Bay (SF) North Coast North County (SD) Northern California Owens Valley Oxnard Plain Pomona Valley Sacramento Valley San Bernardino Valley San Diego–Tijuana San Fernando Valley San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco Peninsula San Gabriel Valley San Joaquin Valley Santa Clara Valley Santa Clara River Valley Santa Clarita Valley Shasta Cascade Sierra Nevada Silicon Valley South Bay (LA) South Bay (SF) South Bay (SD) South Coast Southern California Southern Border Region Tri-Valley Upstate California Victor Valley Wine Country Metro areas Bakersfield Chico El Centro Fresno Hanford–Corcoran Los Angeles–Long Beach–Glendale Madera Modesto Merced Napa Oakland–Fremont–Hayward Oxnard–Thousand Oaks–Ventura Redding Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario Sacramento–Arden Arcade–Roseville Salinas San Diego–Carlsbad–San Marcos San Francisco–San Mateo–Redwood City San Jose–Sunnyvale–Santa Clara San Luis Obispo–Paso Robles Santa Ana–Anaheim–Irvine Santa Barbara–Santa Maria–Goleta Santa Cruz–Watsonville Santa Rosa–Petaluma Stockton Vallejo–Fairfield Visalia–Porterville Yuba City Micro areas Bishop Clearlake Crescent City Eureka–Arcata–Fortuna Phoenix Lake-Cedar Ridge Red Bluff Susanville Truckee–Grass Valley Ukiah Counties Alameda Alpine Amador Butte Calaveras Colusa Contra Costa Del Norte El Dorado Fresno Glenn Humboldt Imperial Inyo Kern Kings Lake Lassen Los Angeles Madera Marin Mariposa Mendocino Merced Modoc Mono Monterey Napa Nevada Orange Placer Plumas Riverside Sacramento San Benito San Bernardino San Diego San Francisco San Joaquin San Luis Obispo San Mateo Santa Barbara Santa Clara Santa Cruz Shasta Sierra Siskiyou Solano Sonoma Stanislaus Sutter Tehama Trinity Tulare Tuolumne Ventura Yolo Yuba

38°24′N 120°48′W / 38.4°N 120.8°W / 38.4; -120.8

Roger Dean Miller (January 2, 1936 – October 25, 1992) was an American singer, songwriter, musician and actor, best known for his honky tonk-influenced novelty songs. His most recognized tunes included the chart-topping country/pop hits "King of the Road", "Dang Me" and "England Swings", all from the mid-1960s Nashville sound era.

After growing up in Oklahoma and serving in the United States Army, Miller began his musical career as a songwriter in the late 1950s, penning such hits as "Billy Bayou" and "Home" for Jim Reeves and "Invitation to the Blues" for Ray Price. He later started a recording career and reached the peak of his fame in the late-1960s, but continued to record and tour into the 1990s, charting his final top 20 country hit "Old Friends" with Willie Nelson in 1982. Later in his life, he wrote the music and lyrics for the 1985 Tony-award winning Broadway musical Big River, in which he also acted.

Miller died from lung cancer in 1992, and was posthumously inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame three years later. His songs continued to be recorded by younger artists, with covers of "Tall, Tall Trees" by Alan Jackson and "Husbands and Wives" by Brooks & Dunn, each reaching the number one spot on country charts in the 1990s. The Roger Miller Museum in his home town serves as a tribute to Miller.

Early life[link]

Roger Miller was born in Fort Worth, Texas, the third son of Jean and Laudene (Holt) Miller. Jean Miller died from spinal meningitis when Roger was only a year old. Unable to support the family during the Great Depression,^[1] Laudene sent each of her three sons to live with a different one of Jean's brothers. Thus, Roger grew up on a farm outside Erick, Oklahoma with Elmer and Armelia Miller.^[2]

As a boy, Miller did farm work such as picking cotton and plowing. He would later say he was "dirt poor" and that as late as 1951 the family did not own a telephone.^[3] He received his primary education at a one-room schoolhouse. Miller was an introverted child, and would often daydream or compose songs. One of his earliest compositions went: "There's a picture on the wall. It's the dearest of them all, Mother."^[1]

Miller was a member of the National FFA Organization in high school.^[3] He listened to the Grand Ole Opry and Light Crust Doughboys on a Fort Worth station with his cousin's husband Sheb Wooley. Wooley taught Miller his first guitar chords and bought him a fiddle. Wooley, Hank Williams, and Bob Wills were the influences that led to Miller's desire to become a singer-songwriter. He began to run away and perform in Oklahoma and Texas. When he was 17, he stole a guitar out of desperation to write songs; however, he turned himself in the next day. He chose to enlist in the Army to avoid jail. He later quipped, "My education was Korea, Clash of '52." Near the end of his military service, while stationed in Atlanta, Georgia, Miller played fiddle in the "Circle A Wranglers," a military musical group started by Faron Young.^[1] While Miller was stationed in South Carolina, an army sergeant whose brother was Kenneth C. Burns from the musical duo Homer and Jethro, persuaded him to head to Nashville after his demobilization.^[2]

Career[link]

Nashville songwriter[link]

After his discharge, Miller traveled to Nashville to begin his musical career. Once there, he met with Chet Atkins, who asked to hear Miller, and even loaned him his guitar after learning that he did not own one. Out of nervousness, Miller played the guitar and sang a song in two different keys. Atkins advised him to come back at a later date, after a little more work. Miller remained in Nashville and worked as a bellhop at the Andrew Jackson Hotel, to make ends meet; he soon became known as the "singing bellhop," Meanwhile, he was hired by Minnie Pearl to play fiddle in her band,^[4] and later met up with George Jones, who introduced him to music executives from the Starday Records label for an audition. The label was impressed with Miller and awarded him with a session in Houston, accompanied by Jones. Jones and Miller collaborated, writing "Tall, Tall Trees" and "Happy Child."^[1]

After getting married and having a child, Miller decided to put his Nashville career on hold and left for Amarillo, Texas to become a fireman.^[1] He did not altogether abandon his musical career; although he worked as a fireman during the day, he spent the nights performing gigs. Miller later recounted that during his career as a fireman, he saw only two fires, a "chicken coop" and another that he "slept through." After the latter, the department "suggested that...[he] seek other employment." Miller met with Ray Price, and was hired as a member of his Cherokee Cowboys. He moved back to Nashville, and penned the song "Invitation to the Blues," which was covered by Rex Allen and later by Price, for whom it became a number three hit on country charts.^[6] Miller signed with Tree Publishing on a salary of $50 a week. He wrote: "Half a Mind" for Ernest Tubb, "That's the Way I Feel" for Faron Young; and his first number one, "Billy Bayou," which along with "Home" were recorded by Jim Reeves. Miller became one of the biggest songwriters of the 1950s. However, Bill Anderson would later remark that "Roger was the most talented, and least disciplined person that you could imagine" citing the attempts of Miller's Tree Publishing boss, Buddy Killen to force him to finish a piece. He was also known to give away lines, inciting many Nashville songwriters to follow him around since "everything he said was a potential song." (Killen)^[1]

Recording career[link]

Miller signed a recording deal with Decca Records in 1958. He was paired with singer Donny Little, who would later gain fame under the name Johnny Paycheck, to perform the Little-penned "A Man Like Me", and later "The Wrong Kind of Girl." Both songs were honky tonk and did not chart. His second single with the label, featuring the B-side "Jason Fleming," foreshadowed Miller's future style. To make extra money, Miller went on tour and joined Faron Young's band as a drummer, although he had never drummed before. During this period, he signed a record deal with Chet Atkins at RCA Records, for whom Miller recorded "You Don't Want My Love" (also known as "In the Summertime") in 1960, which marked his first appearance on country charts, peaking at #14. The next year, he would make an even bigger impact, breaking through the top 10 with his single "When Two Worlds Collide," co-written with Bill Anderson. But Miller soon grew tired of writing songs, divorced his wife and began a party lifestyle that earned him the moniker "wild child." He was dropped from his record label and began to pursue other interests.^[1]

After numerous appearances on late night comedy shows, Miller decided that he might have a chance to go to Hollywood to be an actor. However, short of money, he signed with the up and coming label Smash Records, asked the label for $1,600 in cash, in exchange for recording 16 sides. Smash agreed to the proposal, and Miller performed at his first session for the company early in 1964, when he recorded the hits "Dang Me" and "Chug-a-Lug". Both were released as singles, peaking at #1 and #3 respectively on country charts; both also fared well on the Billboard Hot 100 reaching #7 and #9.^[7] The songs transformed Miller's career, although the former was penned by Miller in only four minutes. Later that year, he recorded the #15 hit "Do-Wacka-Do," and soon after the biggest hit of his career "King of the Road," which topped Country and Adult Contemporary charts while peaking at #4 on the Billboard 100. The song was inspired by a sign in Chicago that read "Trailers for Sale or Rent" and a hobo happened upon by Miller while at an airport in Boise, but took months for Miller to write. The song was certified gold in May 1965 after selling a million copies. It won Miller numerous awards, and earned him a royalty check worth $160,000 that summer.^[1] Later in the year Miller scored hits with "Engine Engine #9", "Kansas City Star" (a Top Ten country hit in 1965 about a local television rhinestone cowboy personality who would rather stay in the safety and security of his success in Kansas City rather than try to become a bigger star - or risk failure - in Omaha) and "England Swings" (an adult contemporary #1). He began 1966 with the hit "Husbands and Wives."^[7]

Miller was given his own TV show on NBC in September 1966 but it was canceled after 13 weeks in January 1967. During this period Miller recorded songs written by other songwriters. The final hit from his own composition was "Walkin In the Sunshine," which reached #7 and #6 on the country and adult contemporary charts in 1967.^[7] Later in the year he scored his final top 10 hit with a cover of Bobby Russell's "Little Green Apples."^[1] The next year, he was one of the first artists to cover Kris Kristofferson's "Me and Bobbie McGee,"^[6] taking the song to #12 on country charts.^[7] In 1970, Miller recorded the album A Trip in the Country, made up of honky tonk standards penned by Miller, including "Tall, Tall Trees." Later that year, after Smash Records folded, Miller was signed by Columbia Records, for whom he released Dear Folks: Sorry I Haven't Written Lately in 1973. Later that year, Miller wrote and performed three songs in the Walt Disney animated feature Robin Hood as the rooster/minstrel Alan-a-Dale, including "Whistle-Stop" which was sampled for use in the popular The Hampster Dance web site.^[1] He also provided the voice of Speiltoe, the equine narrator of the Rankin/Bass holiday special Nestor, The Long-Eared Christmas Donkey in 1978.^[8] Miller collaborated with Willie Nelson to create an album titled Old Friends. The title track was based on a song he had previously penned for his family in Oklahoma. The song, with guest vocals from Ray Price, was the last hit of Miller's career,^[1] peaking at #19 on country charts in 1982.^[7]

Late career[link]

Roger was the voice of the Donkey narrator "Spieltote",in the Rankin/Bass special Nestor, The Long-Eared Christmas Donkey. He continued to record for different record labels and charted a few songs, but stopped writing in 1978, feeling that his more "artistic" works were not being appreciated.^[2] He was absent from the entertainment business following the release of Old Friends in 1981, but returned after receiving an offer to write a Broadway score for a new musical based upon Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Although he had never read the novel, Miller accepted the offer after discovering how the story brought him back to his childhood in rural Oklahoma.^[9] It took him a year and a half to write the opening but he eventually finished. The work, entitled Big River premiered at Eugene O'Neill Theatre in New York on April 25, 1985. The musical received glowing reviews, earning seven Tony Awards including "Best Score" for Miller. He also acted the part of Huck Finn's father Pap for three months after the exit of actor John Goodman, who left for Hollywood.^[1]

Miller left for Santa Fe to live with his family following the success of Big River. He co-wrote Dwight Yoakam's hit "It Only Hurts When I Cry" from his 1990 album If There Was a Way, and supplied background vocals.^[10] The song was released as a single in 1991, peaking at #7 on country charts.^[11] He began a solo guitar tour in 1990,^[1] which he ended the following year after being diagnosed with lung cancer.^[1] His last performance on television occurred during a special tribute to Minnie Pearl^[2] which aired on TNN on October 26, 1992, the day after Miller's death.^[12]

Style[link]

Although usually grouped with country music singers, Miller's unique style defies easy classification. Many of his recordings were humorous novelty songs with whimsical lyrics, coupled with scat singing or vocalese riffs filled with nonsense syllables.^[13] Others were sincere ballads, which also caught the public's fancy, none more so than his signature song, "King of the Road."^[14] The biographical book Ain't Got No Cigarettes described Miller as an "uncategorizable talent", and stated that many regarded him as a genius.^[15]

On his own personal style, Miller remarked that he "tried to do" things like other artists but that it "always came out different" so he got "frustrated" until realizing "I'm the only one that knows what I'm thinking." He commented that the favorite song that he wrote was "You Can't Rollerskate in a Buffalo Herd."^[14] Johnny Cash discussed Miller's bass vocal range in his 1997 autobiography. He commented that it was the closest to his own that he had heard.

Personal life and death[link]

Miller was married three times, and fathered seven children. Miller's first wife Barbara bore his first child, Michael, who later died. The couple had three more children subsequent to Michael's death — Alan, Rhonda and Shari.^[16] By the time Shari was born, Miller's career was beginning to blossom into national popularity. The family remained in Inglewood for a short time after Miller found fame. The increasing interest in Miller caused struggles for the performer: He suffered from depression and insomnia and had a drug addiction which contributed to the end of both his first and second marriages. Miller was known to walk off shows and get into fights.^[15] After a divorce with his first wife,^[16] he married Leah Kendrick. She gave birth to two children, Shannon and Dean Miller,^[17] who like his father, went on to become a singer-songwriter.^[16] The Christmas song "Old Toy Trains" was written by Miller about his son, who was only two years old when it was released in 1967. After divorcing Leah, Miller married Mary Arnold, whom he had met through Kenny Rogers.^[18] Arnold was a member of The First Edition, a band that included Rogers.^[17] They adopted two children: Taylor and Adam. After The First Edition, she subsequently performed with Miller on tours, including a White House performance for President Gerald Ford. In 2009 she was inducted into the Iowa Rock'n Roll Hall of Fame,^[18] Arnold currently manages Roger Miller's estate. She sued Sony for copyright infringement in the 2007 case Roger Miller Music, Inc. v. Sony/ATV Publishing, LLC, which went to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.^[19] Arnold was ultimately awarded nearly $1 million in royalties and rights to the songs Miller wrote in 1964.^[20]

Miller was a lifelong cigarette smoker. During a television interview Miller once explained that he composed his songs from "bits and pieces" of ideas he wrote on scraps of paper. When asked what he did with the unused bits and pieces, he half-joked, "I smoke 'em!" Miller died of lung and throat cancer in 1992, at the age of 56 shortly after the discovery of a growth under his vocal cords.^[2]

Discography[link]

Main albums[link]

^[21]

• Roger and Out (1964)
• The Return of Roger Miller (1965)
• The 3rd Time Around (1965)
• Words and Music (1966)
• Walkin' in the Sunshine (1967)
• A Tender Look at Love (1968)
• Roger Miller (1969)
• Roger Miller Featuring Dang Me! (1969)
• A Trip in the Country (1970)
• Roger Miller 1970 (1970)
• Dear Folks, Sorry I Haven't Written Lately (1973)
• Celebration (1976)
• Painted Poetry (1977)
• Off the Wall (1978)
• Waterhole #3 (1978)
• Making a Name for Myself (1979)
• Old Friends (with Willie Nelson) (1982)
• The Country Side of Roger Miller (1986)
• Green Green Grass of Home (1994)

#1 singles[link]

Released and recorded by Miller^[7]

• "Dang Me" (1964)
• "King of the Road" (1965)
• "England Swings" (1966)

Recorded and released by other artists

• "Billy Bayou" – Jim Reeves (1958)
• "Don't We All Have the Right" – Ricky Van Shelton (1988)
• "Tall, Tall Trees" – Alan Jackson (1995)
• "Husbands and Wives" – Brooks & Dunn (1998)

Awards[link]

In addition to 11 Grammy Awards, Roger Miller won Broadway's Tony award for writing the music and lyrics for Big River, which won a total of 7 Tonys including best musical in 1985. He was voted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1973 and the Country Music Hall of Fame in 1995. Miller's 11 Grammy Awards held the record as the most won by any artist until Michael Jackson's 1982 album Thriller.^[17] In Erick, Oklahoma where he grew up, a thoroughfare was renamed "Roger Miller Boulevard" and a museum dedicated to Miller was built on the road in 2004.^[22]

Below is a list of awards won by Miller:^[23]

• 1964 — Grammy Award: Best Country Song: "Dang Me"
• 1964 — Grammy Award: Best New Country and Western Artist
• 1964 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Recording, Single: "Dang Me"
• 1964 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Performance, Male: "Dang Me"
• 1964 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Album: "Dang Me"/"Chug-a-Lug"
• 1965 — Jukebox Artist of the Year
• 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Country Song: "King of the Road"
• 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Country Vocal Performance, Male: "King of the Road"
• 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Recording, Single: "King of the Road"
• 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Contemporary Vocal Performance, Male: "King of the Road"
• 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Contemporary (Rock 'N Roll), Single: "King of the Road"
• 1965 — Grammy Award: Best Country and Western Album: "The Return of Roger Miller"
• 1965 — Academy of Country and Western Music: "Best Songwriter"
• 1965 — Academy of Country and Western Music: "Man of the Year"
• 1973 — Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame
• 1985 — Tony Award for Best Score and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Lyrics for Big River
• 1988 — Academy of Country Music: Pioneer Award
• 1995 — Country Music Hall of Fame
• 1997 — Grammy Hall of Fame Song : "Dang Me"
• 1998 — Grammy Hall of Fame Song : "King Of The Road"
• 2003 — CMT's 40 Greatest Men of Country Music: Ranked #23.

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Cooper, Daniel. (1998). "Roger Miller." In The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Paul Kingsbury, Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 347–8.

External links[link]

• All Roger Miller Songs Written and Released
• Episode of Quincy ME starring Roger Miller
• Roger Miller at the Internet Movie Database
• Roger Miller at the Internet Broadway Database
• Roger Miller Museum in Erick, Oklahoma
• Roger Miller interview on the Pop Chronicles