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Bagno di Romagna
Bagno di Romagna is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 45 km south of Forlì.
Bagno di Romagna borders the following municipalities: Bibbiena, Chiusi della Verna, Mercato Saraceno, Poppi, Pratovecchio, Santa Sofia, Sarsina, Verghereto.
It is now a renowned centre for thermal cares.
Bagno di Romagna was founded by the Romans, developing after a bath (balneum in Latin, whence the modern name). In 540 it was destroyed by the Ostrogoths. The town recovered after the 14th century under the Guidi family, who surrounded it with a line of walls. Later it was under the Republic of Florence and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. It became part of the Emilia-Romagna region in 1923.
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Bertinoro
Bertinoro is a town and comune in the province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna (Italy). It is located on hill, Mount Cesubeo, in Romagna, a few kilometers from the Via Emilia.
There are remains of a settlement dating from the Iron Age, next to the frazione of Casticciano. As for Bertinoro itself, it was probably a strongpoint on the Roman road connecting Forlì to Rimini. Later, during the barbaric invasions, it was moved to the current location.
In 1177 the castle, already well developed and known as Castrum Cesubeum, housed the emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The named changed to Castrum Brittinori during the reign of Otto III, becoming seat of countship.
Bertinoro is famous for its "Hospitality Festival". Held in the first weekend of September, it foresees an entire night of music, dances and events (between Friday and Saturday), some historic rievocations and the final Hospitality Rite (Sunday late morning). In this ceremony anyone can be hosted for meal by a family in the town simply taking one of the envelopes tied to the rings of the Hospitality column (which inside has the name of the hosting family).
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Borghi
Borghi is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 100 km southeast of Bologna and about 35 km southeast of Forlì. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 2,183 and an area of 30.1 km².
Borghi borders the following municipalities: Longiano, Poggio Berni, Roncofreddo, Santarcangelo di Romagna, Sogliano al Rubicone, Torriana.
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Cervia
Cervia is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Ravenna (Emilia-Romagna), central Italy.
Originally called Ficocle, it was probably of Greek origin and was located midway from current Cervia and Ravenna. It is known that this originary settlement was destroyed in 709 by patrician Theodore for its alliance with Ravenna against the loyal Byzantines.
Later the centre was rebuilt in a more secure position, in the Salina. This medieval city grew until it was provided with three fortified entrances, a Palaces of Priors, seven churches and a castle (Rocca) which, according to the legend, was built by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The name also changed from Ficocle to Cervia, probably referring to the Acervi, great amounts of salt left in the local evaporation pods. After a long series of events, it became part of the Papal States.
As the time passed, the salt pod turned into a marsh, and on November 9, 1697 Pope Innocent XII ordered it to be rebuilt in a safer location. The new city had huge silos for storage of salt, containing up to 13,000 tons.
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Cesena
Cesena (Italian pronunciation: [tʃɛˈzeːna]) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, south of Ravenna and west of Rimini, on the Savio River, co-chief of the Province of Forlì-Cesena. It is at the foot of the Apennines, and about 15 km from the Adriatic Sea.
Cesena was originally an Umbrian or Etruscan town, known as Caesena. After a brief spell under Gaulish rule, it was taken over by Romans in the 3rd century BC. It was a garrison town of strategic importance which was destroyed in the wars between Gaius Marius and Sulla. Pliny mentions the wines of Cesena as among the best.
Cesena was on the border that the Exarchate of Ravenna shared with the Lombards. It was presented to the Papacy by its Frankish conqueror in 754 and passed back and forth between the popes and the archbishops of Ravenna, was briefly a communal republic (1183–1198). It was then long contested between popes and Holy Roman Emperors. The brief rule by the Forlivese Ordelaffi was crushed in 1357 by Papal troops led by Cardinal Gil de Albornoz, after a long siege heroically endured by Cia degli Ordelaffi, wife of the Lord of Forlì.
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Cesenatico
Cesenatico is a port town with about 20,000 inhabitants on the Adriatic coast of Italy. It is located in the province of Forlì-Cesena in the region of Emilia-Romagna, about 30 km south of Ravenna. Cesenatico's port canal was surveyed and drawn by Leonardo da Vinci at the request of Cesare Borgia, as part of his plans to fortify the nearby town of Cesena.
Cesenatico was founded in 1302. It was considered part of the city of Cesena until it was incorporated at the beginning of the 18th century. Its port and canal were built in 1500, with the canal originally planned to reach Cesena, some 15 km inland. At the request of Cesare Borgia the canal was later surveyed by Leonardo da Vinci. It is often claimed erroneously that da Vinci designed the canal. In 1722 James Francis Edward Stuart (the 'Old Pretender' to the British throne) stayed in Cesenatico's Capuchin monastery.
Today Cesenatico is a popular tourist resort. It is home to the Marine Museum (Museo della Marineria), where historic fishing boats are displayed in the canal. The town also features a 118 m high skyscraper, which for a few years was among the thirty highest buildings in Europe.
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Civitella di Romagna
Civitella di Romagna is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 km southeast of Bologna and about 30 km southwest of Forlì.
Civitella di Romagna borders the following municipalities: Cesena, Galeata, Meldola, Predappio, Santa Sofia, Sarsina.
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Dovadola
Dovadola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 km southeast of Bologna and about 20 km southwest of Forlì, on the road leading to Florence.
Dovadola borders the following municipalities: Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, Modigliana, Predappio, Rocca San Casciano.
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Forlimpopoli
Forlimpopoli is a town and comune in the Province of Forlì-Cesena, northern Italy. It is located on the Via Emilia between Cesena and Forlì.
The name of Forlimpopoli derives from the Roman Forum Popili, most likey connected to the consul Publius Popilius Laenas, who would found it in 132 BC. Its ares has been however inhabited since Palaeolithic times, as proved by recent archaeological discoveries. Later it was settled by the Umbri and the Gauls from the Pianura Padana. In the 1st century BC Forum Popili become a municipium, and flourished to its vicinity to the important port of Classis (for which it provided amphorae for wine transport), having also a strong agricultural production.
It started to decay from the 3rd century AD, and, as in the High Middle Age the area became marshy, its agricultural output crumbled down. In this period it was part of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna and had its first Catholic bishop in the 5th century; over his sepulchre, outside the town, a Benedictine monastery was founded. In the 7th century Forlimpopoli was ravaged by the Lombard king Grimoald; in the following century it fell under Papal rule. Later the city started to grow again with the foundation of another burgh, the Civitas Nova, and with the communal autonomy.
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Forlì
Forlì
listen (help·info) (Latin: Forum Livii) is a comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, and is the capital of the province of Forlì-Cesena. It's the central city of Romagna.
The city is situated along the Via Emilia, to the right of the Montone river, and is an important agricultural centre. The city hosts many of Italy's culturally and artistically significant landmarks; It is also notable as the birthplace of painter Melozzo da Forlì, humanist historian Flavio Biondo, physicians Geronimo Mercuriali and Giovanni Battista Morgagni.The University Campus of Forlì ( part of the University of Bologna) specialises in the teaching of Economics, Engineering, Political Sciences as well as the Advanced school of Modern Languages for Interpreters and Translators (SSLMIT).
The surroundings of Forlì have been inhabited since the Paleolithic: a site, Ca' Belvedere of Monte Poggiolo, has revealed thousands of chipped flints in strata dated 800,000 years before present, which indicates a flint-knapping industry producing sharp-edged tools in a pre-Acheulean phase of the Paleolithic.
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Galeata
Galeata is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 km southeast of Bologna and about 30 km southwest of Forlì.
Galeata borders the following municipalities: Civitella di Romagna, Predappio, Premilcuore, Rocca San Casciano, Santa Sofia.
Galeata's origins are connected to the old Umbrian town of Mevaniola, captured by the Romans in 266 BC. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the settlement was moved to the modern Galeata. The latter's fortunes in the Middle Ages stemmed from the creation of the powerful Abbey of Sant'Ellero (Hilary of Galeata), which administrated for centuries the nearby territories, with an army and fortresses of its own.
In the early 15th century, Galeata became part of the Florentine possessions, belonging to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until 1860. It was part of the Province of Florence until 1923, when it was moved to the province of Forlì.
Galeata is the site of some religious foundations, including Santa Maria del Pantano, the Abbey of Sant'Ellero (dedicated to Hilary of Galeata), and the convent of Santa Maria dei Miracoli.
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Gambettola
Gambettola is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 25 km southeast of Forlì. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 9,748 and an area of 7.6 km².
Gambettola borders the following municipalities: Cesena, Cesenatico, Gatteo, Longiano.
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Gambettola is home of the headquarters of Technogym, world leader in the production of fitness equipment.
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Gatteo
Gatteo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 30 km southeast of Forlì. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 7,252 and an area of 14.1 km².
Gatteo borders the following municipalities: Cesenatico, Gambettola, Longiano, Savignano sul Rubicone.
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Italy
Italy
i/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Longiano
Longiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 30 km southeast of Forlì. Longiano borders the following municipalities: Borghi, Cesena, Gambettola, Gatteo, Montiano, Roncofreddo, Santarcangelo di Romagna, Savignano sul Rubicone.
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Meldola
Meldola is a town and comune near Forlì, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
The area of Meldola was inhabited since very ancient times. The Romans built here a large aqueduct (still existing under the ground) which served the military port of Classis. To the 5th-6th century belongs a large patrician villa which is now under the historical centre.
In the Middle Ages a castle was present, the name Meldola first attested around the year 1000. The castle was a possession of the Montefeltro, Ordelaffi, Malatesta, the Borghese Aldobrandini and the Doria Pamphilj. It gained the status of city in 1862, soon after the unification of Italy.
In the late 19th century and in the first years of 20th century, Meldola was well known for its production of silk. The main activities include agriculture and the manufacture of furniture. A recently built oncology hospital provides research into cancer and care for cancer patients.
The following notable persons were born in Meldola: the philosopher and theologian Bartolomeo Mastri; the patriot Felice Orsini; the painter Maria Giuditta Versari. Japan football coach Alberto Zaccheroni was also born in Meldola.
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Mercato Saraceno
Mercato Saraceno is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 35 km southeast of Forlì.
Mercato Saraceno borders the following municipalities: Bagno di Romagna, Cesena, Novafeltria, Roncofreddo, Sarsina, Sogliano al Rubicone, Talamello.
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Modigliana
Modigliana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 50 km southeast of Bologna and about 20 km southwest of Forlì.
From 1850 until 1986 it was the seat of the diocese of Modigliana.
Modigliana borders the following municipalities: Brisighella, Castrocaro Terme e Terra del Sole, Dovadola, Marradi, Rocca San Casciano, Tredozio.
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Montiano
Montiano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 25 km southeast of Forlì. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,573 and an area of 9.3 km².
The municipality of Montiano contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Badia and Montenovo.
Montiano borders the following municipalities: Cesena, Longiano, Roncofreddo.
It is also a town in the Comune (municipality) of Magliano in Toscana, in the province of Grosseto, in the Italian region of Toscana.
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Papal States
The Papal State(s), the State(s) of the Church, the Pontifical States, the Ecclesiastical States, or the Roman States (Italian: Stato Pontificio, also Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa, Stati Pontifici, and Stato Ecclesiastico; Latin: Status Pontificius, also Dicio Pontificia) were among the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (after which the Papal States, in less territorially extensive form, continued to exist until 1870).
The Papal States comprised territories under direct sovereign rule of the papacy, and at its height it covered most of the modern Italian regions of Romagna, Marche, Umbria and Lazio. This governing power is commonly called the temporal power of the Pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy.
The plural Papal States is usually preferred; the singular Papal State (equally correct since it was not a mere personal union) tends to be used (normally with lower-case letters) for the modern State of Vatican City, an enclave within Italy's national capital, Rome. The Vatican City was founded in 1929, again allowing the Holy See the political benefits of territorial sovereignty.
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Predappio
Predappio is a town and comune in the province of Forlì-Cesena, in the region of Emilia-Romagna in Italy, with a population of 6,362. The town is best known for being the birthplace of Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy from 1922 to 1943. Mussolini is also buried at Predappio, and his mausoleum is a local tourist destination, as well as a site of pilgrimage for Italian neo-Fascists. In April 2009, the town council banned the sale of fascist souvenirs. [1]
From its origins, probably Roman, until the 1920s Predappio was a country town of modest size, situated on the hills of Forlì. Augustus divided Italy into eleven provinces and Predappio was within the sixth province. It is believed that the town name derives from the installation in those locations of an ancient Roman family: the Appi. The town was so named Praesidium Domini Appi and abbreviated to Pre.DiAppi.
Historically the town developed around the medieval castle, looking down the valley. Along the valley, about 2 km from Predappio, the town was known as Dovia (probably a corruption of the local Roman Road Duo Via).
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Premilcuore
Premilcuore is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 km southeast of Bologna and about 35 km southwest of Forlì.
Premilcuore borders the following municipalities: Galeata, Portico e San Benedetto, Rocca San Casciano, San Godenzo, Santa Sofia.
The indie pop band Tiny Tide shoot the second part of their video "Road to fairies" in there.
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Ravenna
Ravenna [raˈvenna] (
listen) (Romagnol: Ravêna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. It was the capital city of the Western Roman Empire from 402 until that empire collapsed in 476. Afterwards, it served as the capital of the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths. The city formed the centre of the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna until the invasion of the Franks in 751, after which it became the seat of the Kingdom of the Lombards.
Although an inland city, Ravenna is connected to the Adriatic Sea by the Candiano Canal. It is the location of a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The origin of the name Ravenna is unclear, although it is believed the name is Etruscan. Some have speculated that "ravenna" is related to "Rasenna" (later "Rasna"), the term that the Etruscans used for themselves, but there is no agreement on this point.[citation needed]
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Rimini
Rimini (Italian pronunciation: [ˈriːmini] ( listen); Latin: Ariminum) is a medium-sized city of 142,579 inhabitants in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, and capital city of the Province of Rimini. It is located on the Adriatic Sea, on the coast between the rivers Marecchia (the ancient Ariminus) and Ausa (ancient Aprusa). It is one of the most famous seaside resorts in Europe, thanks to its 15 km-long sandy beach, over 1,000 hotels and thousands of bars, restaurants and discos. The first bathing establishment opened in 1843. An art city with ancient Roman and Renaissance monuments, Rimini is the hometown of the famous film director Federico Fellini as well.
Founded by the Romans in 268 BC, throughout their period of rule Rimini was a key communications link between the north and south of the peninsula, and on its soil Roman emperors erected monuments like the Arch of Augustus and the Tiberius Bridge, while during the Renaissance, the city benefited from the court of the House of Malatesta, which hosted artists like Leonardo and produced works such as the Malatesta Temple. In the 19th century, Rimini was one of the most active cities in the revolutionary front, hosting many of the movements aimed at the unification of Italy. In the course of World War II the city was the scene of clashes and bombings, but also of a fierce partisan resistance that earned it the honor of a gold medal for civic valor. Finally, in recent years it has become one of the most important sites for trade fairs and conferences in Italy.
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Rocca Malatestiana
Coordinates: 44°08′10″N 12°14′24″E / 44.136195°N 12.239885°E / 44.136195; 12.239885
The Rocca Malatestiana (Malatestian Rock) is a fortress in Cesena, Italy. The current structure is the third fortress built in the place, near the ruins of the two previous ones, of late-Roman and medieval age.
The fortress, one of the imposing in Romagna, has a court and two central towers, called the "Male" and the "Female". The Museum of Agriculture, located inside the latter, offers visitors a complete picture of rural life in Romagna over different ages, while the "Male Tower" hosts a permanent exhibition of Malatestian Ceramics.
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Rocca San Casciano
Rocca San Casciano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 km southeast of Bologna and about 25 km southwest of Forlì.
Rocca San Casciano borders the following municipalities: Dovadola, Galeata, Modigliana, Portico e San Benedetto, Predappio, Premilcuore and Tredozio.
Rocca San Casciano is popular in the area for its Festa dei Falò ("Bonfires Feast"), which is believed to originate from Celtic Pagan rites. It is documented that bonfires have been lit near the Montone River ever since the 12th century; later the event became associated with St. Joseph's Day (March 19).
Media related to Rocca San Casciano at Wikimedia Commons
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Roncofreddo
Roncofreddo (Romagnolo: Ronchfrédd) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 30 km southeast of Forlì.
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San Mauro Pascoli
San Mauro Pascoli is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 100 km southeast of Bologna and about 35 km southeast of Forlì. It is at some 7.5 km from the sea, the frazione of San Mauro Mare facing it.
The comune was called San Mauro di Romagna until 1932, when its name was changed in honor of the poet Giovanni Pascoli, who was born here.
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Sarsina
Sarsina is an Italian town situated in the province of Forlì-Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy. Its territory is included in the Tuscan-Romagnolo Apennines.
Ancient Sarsina or Sassina was a town of the Umbri. Captured by Cornelius Scipio in 271 BC, it became later a municipium of the Roman empire. In 266 BC Roman consuls celebrated a triumph over the Sassinates. It is mentioned in the Fasti, and in the enumeration of the Italian allies of the Romans in 225 BCE the Umbri and Sassinates are mentioned, on an equal footing, as providing 20,000 men between them. It is possible that the tribus Sapinia (the name of which is derived from the river Sapis) mentioned by Livy in the account of the Roman marches against the Boii in 201 BC and 196 BC formed a part of the Sassinates.
The poet Plautus was native of Sassina. The town had a strategic importance, as inscriptions, preserved in the local museum, show. Its milk is frequently mentioned; it was the centre of a pasture district and it provided a number of recruits for the Praetorian guard.
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Savio River
The Savio is a river in northern Italy. Its source is near Montecoronaro on Mount Castelvecchio which is near the western side of Mount Fumaiolo. The source is at an elevation of 1,126 meters and is marked by an iron monument. A wolf (the symbol of Montecoronaro) and the rings of the "caveja" (the symbol of Romagna) are on this monument. The river winds for 96 kilometres (60 mi) along the valley. Its natural track has been preserved relatively well and, in the territory of Cesena, it shows an environment which is one of the purest of the whole Romagna. After a total course of 126 km the river enters the Adriatic north of Cervia.
The River Savio Natural Park, 6 km. long around a loop which once hosted a cave, starts from the two historical bridges of Cesena.
The park contains many species of animals and plants. The trees divide the area in two belts: the one near the waters contains white willows with black and white poplars; the second presents locust-trees.
Although the park is relatively small, many animals are visible here, both birds (herons, king-fishers, woodpeckers and raptors) and mammals (hares, porcupines, foxes, roe-deers, etc.).
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Sogliano al Rubicone
Sogliano al Rubicone is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 35 km southeast of Forlì.
Sogliano al Rubicone is renowned for the Formaggio di Fossa cheese.
On July 25th 2010 british rock band Deep Purple is expected to play Piazza Matteotti in Sogliano al Rubicone.
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Tredozio
Tredozio is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 km southeast of Bologna and about 30 km southwest of Forlì.
Tredozio borders the following municipalities: Marradi, Modigliana, Portico e San Benedetto, Rocca San Casciano.
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Verghereto
Verghereto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 90 km southeast of Bologna and about 50 km south of Forlì.
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Alberto Sughi
Alberto Sughi (October 5, 1928 – March 31, 2012) was an Italian painter.
Sughi was born in Cesena, Emilia-Romagna.
A self-taught painter, by the end of his formative years he had become one of the greatest Italian artists of his generation. He started painting in the early 1950s, choosing realism in the debate between abstract and figurative art in the immediate post-war period. Even from his early works, however, Sughi’s paintings have avoided any attempt at social moralising. They depict moments from daily life with no heroes, allowing Enrico Crispolti, in 1956, to define his work as "existential realism". His artistic expression proceeds, almost always, in thematic cycles, in the manner of film sequences. First of all, there were his so-called "green paintings", devoted to the relationship between man and nature (1971–1973), then the Supper cycle (1975–1976), after that the 20 paintings and fifteen studies of Imagination and Memory of the Family, dating from the early 1980s; the series Evening or reflection started from 1985. His most recent series of large canvases, exhibited in 2000, is entitled Nocturnal.
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Alessandro Bonci
Alessandro Bonci (February 10, 1870 – August 10, 1940) was an Italian lyric tenor known internationally for his association with the bel canto repertoire. He sang at many famous theatres, including New York's Metropolitan Opera, Milan's La Scala and London's Royal Opera House, Covent Garden.
A native of Cesena, Romagna, Bonci started out as an apprentice shoemaker. He secured a music scholarship to the Rossini Conservatory in Pesaro, working for five years with Carlo Pedrotti (the teacher of the heroic tenor Francesco Tamagno) and then Felice Coen. He also had private singing lessons in Paris with the retired baritone Enrico Delle Sedie.
Alessandro Bonci made his debut in Parma in 1896, singing the role of Fenton in Giuseppe Verdi's Falstaff at the Teatro Regio. Before the end of his first season he was engaged to sing at La Scala, Milan, where he debuted in Vincenzo Bellini's I Puritani. Appearances elsewhere in Europe followed, including at London's Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. He first sang at Covent Garden in 1900 and he would return there in 1903 and 1907-08.
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Antipope Clement VII
Robert of Geneva (1342–16 September 1394) was elected to the papacy as (Anti-)Pope Clement VII by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first Avignon antipope of the Western Schism.
He was the son of Amadeus III, Count of Geneva, and was born in Geneva, in what is now Switzerland, in 1342. Appointed Protonotary Apostolic in 1359, he became Bishop of Thérouanne in 1361, Archbishop of Cambrai in 1368, and a cardinal on 30 May 1371.
In 1377, while serving as papal legate in upper Italy (1376-78), in order to put down a rebellion in the Papal States, known as the War of the Eight Saints, he personally commanded troops lent to the papacy by the condottiere John Hawkwood to reduce the small city of Cesena in the territory of Forlì, which resisted being added to the Patrimony of Peter for the second time in a generation; there he allegedly authorized the massacre of 4,000 civilians, an atrocity even by the rules of war at the time, which earned him the nickname butcher - or executioner of Cesena.
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Breton people
The Bretons are an ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France. They trace much of their heritage to groups of Brythonic speakers who emigrated from southwestern Great Britain in waves from the 3rd to 6th century into the Armorican peninsula, subsequently named Brittany after them.[citation needed]
The main traditional language of Brittany is Breton (Brezhoneg) and is spoken in Western Brittany. Today Breton is spoken by approximately 365,000 people, of whom about 240,000 speak it fluently. Another linguistic minority is present in Brittany, namely speakers of the Gallo language; Gallo is only spoken in Eastern Brittany, where Breton has virtually never been. Breton is closely related to the Brythonic languages Cornish (closely) and Welsh (more distantly) while the Gallo language is a Romance language of the langue d'oil family. Bretons' native language is mainly French nowadays.
Brittany and its people are included as one of the six Celtic nations. Ethnically, along with the Cornish and Welsh, the Bretons are the last vestiges of the ancient British. The actual number of ethnic Bretons in Brittany and France as a whole is difficult to assess as the French government does not make such statistics. The present day population of Brittany based on a January 2007 estimate is 4,365,500.
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Caterina Sforza
Caterina Sforza, Countess of Forlì (early 1463 – 28 May 1509) was an Italian noblewoman, the illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan and Lucrezia Landriani, the wife of the courtier Gian Piero Landriani, a close friend of the Duke. Raised in the refined Milanese court, Caterina later held the titles of Lady of Imola and Countess of Forlì, by her marriage to Girolamo Riario. She was also the Regent for her first-born son, Ottaviano. The descendant of a dynasty of noted condottieri, Caterina, from an early age, distinguished herself by her bold and impetuous actions taken to safeguard her possessions from possible usurpers, and to defend her dominions from attack, when they were involved in political intrigues that were a distinguishing feature of 15th century Italy.
In her private life Caterina was devoted to various activities, among which were experiments in alchemy and a love of hunting and dancing. She had a large number of children, of whom only the youngest, Captain Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, inherited the forceful, militant character of his mother.
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Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia (Italian pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛzare ˈbɔrdʒa]; Spanish: César Borja, [ˈθe.sar ˈβor.xa]; 13 September 1475 or April 1476 – 12 March 1507), Duke of Valentinois, was an Italiancondottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal. He was the son of Pope Alexander VI and his long-term mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei. He was the brother of Lucrezia Borgia; Giovanni Borgia (Juan), Duke of Gandia; and Gioffre Borgia (Jofré in Catalan), Prince of Squillace. He was half-brother to Don Pedro Luis de Borja (1460–88) and Girolama de Borja, children of unknown mothers.
Like nearly all aspects of Cesare Borgia's life, the date of his birth is a subject of dispute. He was born in Rome—in either 1475 or 1476— the son of Cardinal Rodrigo de Lanzol y Borgia, soon to become Pope Alexander VI, and his mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei, about whom information is sparse. The Borgia family originally came from the Kingdom of Valencia, and rose to prominence during the mid-15th century; Cesare's great-uncle Alonso Borgia (1378–1458), bishop of Valencia, was elected Pope Callixtus III in 1455. Cesare's father, Pope Alexander VI, was the first pope who openly recognized his children by a lover.
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Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius (157 BC – January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He was elected consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his dramatic reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens, eliminating the manipular military formations, and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts. Marius defeated the invading Germanic tribes (the Teutones, Ambrones, and the Cimbri), for which he was called "the third founder of Rome." His life and career were significant in Rome's transformation from Republic to Empire.
Marius was born in 157 BC in the town of Arpinum in southern Latium. The town had been conquered by the Romans in the late 4th century BC and was given Roman citizenship without voting rights. Only in 188 BC did the town receive full citizenship. Although Plutarch claims that Marius' father was a laborer, this is almost certainly false since Marius had connections with the nobility in Rome, he ran for local office in Arpinum, and he had marriage relations with the local nobility in Arpinum, which all combine to indicate that he was born into a locally important family of equestrian status. The problems he faced in his early career in Rome show the difficulties that faced a "new man" (novus homo).
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Galeotto I Malatesta
Galeotto I Malatesta (1299–1385) was an Italian condottiero, who was lord of Rimini, Fano, Ascoli Piceno, Cesena and Fossombrone.
Born in Rimini, he the son of Pandolfo I Malatesta and the brother of Malatesta II Malatesta. In 1333 he was captured while besieging Ferrara, but was soon freed and fought alongside Ferrantino Malatesta against the Papal legate in Romagna. When the latter plotted against him, Galeotto imprisoned him and declared himself lord of Rimini. The war between the two lasted until 1343. Ludwig of Bavaria also made him lord of Fano.
After a period as condottiero for and later tyrann of Ascoli Piceno, in 1349 he travelled to the Holy Land. In 1351 he was hired in the Kingdom of Naples. Galeotto was a stanch opposer of Gil de Albornoz in his reconquest of the Papla territories; after the latter's defeat his family was made Papal vicar in Rimini, Pesaro, Fano and Fossombrone. In 1356 he took part in the crusade declared against the Ordelaffi of Forlì. In the 1360 he was first made commander-in-chief by the Queen of Naples Joan I, but later he switched to the Republic of Florence and then again to the Byzantine Empire. In 1372 Pope Gregory XI confirmed Galeotto general commander of the Papal Army against Bernabò Visconti, whom he defeated at Montechiaro the following year.
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John Hawkwood
Sir John Hawkwood (died 1394) was an English mercenary or condottiero who was active in 14th century Italy. The French chronicler Jean Froissart knew him as Jean Haccoude and Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Hawkwood served first the Pope and then various factions in Italy for over 30 years.
Hawkwood's youth is shrouded in tales and legends and it is not exactly clear how he became a soldier. According to the most accepted tales, he was a second son of a tanner in Sible Hedingham in Essex and was apprenticed in London. Other tales also claim that he was a tailor before he became a soldier.
Hawkwood served in the English army in France in the first stages of the Hundred Years' War under Edward III. According to different traditions Hawkwood fought in the battles of Crécy and/or Poitiers but there is no direct evidence of either. Different traditions maintain that the King or Edward, the Black Prince knighted him. It has also been speculated that he assumed the title with the support of his soldiers. His service ended after the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360.
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Lombards
The Lombards or Langobards (Latin: Langobardī), were a Germanic tribe who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy.
The Lombard historian Paul the Deacon wrote in the Historia Langobardorum that the Lombards descended from a small tribe called the Winnili, dwelling in southern Scandinavia (Scadanan), who had migrated southward to seek new lands. In the 1st century AD they formed part of the Suebi, in northwestern Germany. By the end of the 5th century they had moved into the area roughly coinciding with modern Austria north of the Danube river, where they subdued the Heruls and later fought frequent wars with the Gepids. The Lombard king Audoin defeated the Gepid leader Thurisind in 551 or 552; his successor Alboin eventually destroyed the Gepids at the Battle of Asfeld in 567.
Following this victory, Alboin decided to lead his people to Italy, which had become severely depopulated after the long Gothic War (535–554) between the Byzantine Empire and the Ostrogothic Kingdom there. The Lombards were joined by numerous Saxons, Heruls, Gepids, Bulgars, Thuringians, and Ostrogoths, and their invasion of Italy was almost unopposed. By late 569 they had conquered all the principal cities north of the Po River except Pavia, which fell in 572. At the same time, they occupied areas in central Italy and southern Italy. They established a Lombard Kingdom in Italy, later named Regnum Italicum ("Kingdom of Italy"), which reached its zenith under the eighth-century ruler Liutprand. In 774, the Kingdom was conquered by the Frankish King Charlemagne, and integrated into his Empire. However, Lombard nobles continued to rule parts of the Italian peninsula well into the 11th century, when they were conquered by the Normans, and added to their Kingdom of Sicily. Their legacy is apparent in the regional appellation, Lombardy.
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Malatesta Novello
Domenico Malatesta, best known as Malatesta Novello (5 August 1418 – 20 November 1465) was an Italian condottiero, a member of the Malatesta family.
He was born at Brescia, the son of Pandolfo III Malatesta and Antonia da Barignano. In 1429, after the death of his uncle Carlo Malatesta, he became lord of Cesena, at the age of 11, together with his brothers Galeotto Roberto (the only one of age, although he died in 1432) and Sigismondo Pandolfo. Two years later, he suppressed several riots in the city spurred by the Malatesta of Pesaro; he people turned against the latter, and hailed him and his prother Sigismondo Pandolfo as lords. Also in 1431 he quenched a revolt in Fano.
In 1433, year by which he reigned alone in Cesena, he was created Imperial Knight by the Emperor Sigismund. Therefore he abandoned the name Domenico to be called Malatesta Novello. At the time his lands included Cesena, Bertinoro, Meldola, Sarsina, Roncofreddo and the Piviero di Sestino. He also received Cervia by Sigismondo Pandolfo, building there important fortifications.
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Marco Pantani
Marco Pantani (13 January 1970 – 14 February 2004) was an Italian road racing cyclist, widely considered one of the best climbers in professional road bicycle racing. He won both the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia in 1998, being the first Italian since Felice Gimondi in 1965 to win the Tour de France. He is the last cyclist to win the Giro and the Tour in the same year.
His attacking style and aggressive riding turned him into a fan favorite in the late 1990s. He was known as 'Il Pirata' because of his shaved head and the bandana and earrings he always wore. At 1.72 m and 57 kg, Marco Pantani had the classic build for a mountain climber. His style contrasted with that of time-trialling experts such as the five-times Tour winner Miguel Indurain.
Despite the fact that he never tested positive, his career was beset by doping allegations. In the 1999 Giro d'Italia, he was expelled due to his irregular blood values. Although he was disqualified for "health reasons", it was implied that Pantani's high haematocrit was the product of EPO use. Following later accusations, Pantani went into a depression from which he never fully recovered. He died of acute cocaine poisoning in 2004.
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Nicoletta Braschi
Nicoletta Braschi (born April 19, 1960) is an Italian actress and producer, best known for her work with her husband, actor and director Roberto Benigni.
Born in Cesena, Braschi studied in Rome's Academy of Dramatic Arts where she first met Benigni in 1980. Her first film was with Benigni in 1983, the comedy Tu Mi Turbi ("You Upset Me"). She later appeared in two Jim Jarmusch films, Down by Law and Mystery Train.
Braschi's two most successful collaborations with her husband have been Johnny Stecchino (1992) and La Vita è Bella (Life is Beautiful) (1998). The first, an Italian comedy that cast the actress as the girlfriend of a mobster (Benigni), was a huge hit in Italy; while the second, in which Braschi played the wife of an Italian Jew (Benigni) imprisoned in a concentration camp, was a widely-praised success that launched both Braschi and her husband into the international spotlight.
In 1997 Braschi starred in Ovosodo as a depressed teacher encouraging a student to work and study harder. The film won her much praise from critics and public and from it she won a David di Donatello award.
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Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – August 25, 79 AD), better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian. Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia, which became a model for all such works written subsequently. Pliny the Younger, his nephew, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus:
Pliny is referring to the fact that Tacitus relied on his uncle's now missing work on the History of the German Wars. Pliny the Elder died on August 25, 79 AD, while attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius that had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The prevailing wind would not allow his ship to leave the shore. His companions attributed his collapse and death to toxic fumes; but they were unaffected by the fumes, suggesting natural causes.
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Pope Gregory XI
Gregory XI (c. 1329 – 27 March 1378) was pope from 1370 until his death.
He was born Pierre Roger de Beaufort in Maumont in the modern commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons, Limousin, around 1330. He succeeded Pope Urban V at the papal conclave of 1370. He was the seventh and last of the Avignon Popes.
During his pontificate vigorous measures were taken against the heresies which had broken out in Germany, England, and other parts of Europe; a sincere effort was also made to cause a reformation in the various monastic orders.
John Wycliffe's 19 reformation articles on church related items as he wrote in his On Civil Dominion and 21 proposed reformation articles of Johannes Klenkoka's Decadecon were submitted to Pope Gregory XI in the early part of the 1370s. Gregory formally condemned fourteen articles of Decadecon in 1374 and nineteen propositions of Wycliffe's On Civil Dominion in 1377.
His return to Rome on 17 January 1377, is attributed in part to the stirring words of Catherine of Siena. This had been attempted by Gregory's predecessor, Urban V, without success. The project was delayed by a conflict between the pope and Florence, known as "the War of the Eight Saints" for the "Eight for War," the Florentine magistrates responsible for the conduct of the war. The pope put Florence under interdict for a time.
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Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI (25 December 1717 – 29 August 1799), born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, was Pope from 1775 to 1799.
Braschi was born in Cesena. After completing his studies in the Jesuit college of Cesena and receiving his doctorate of law (1734), Braschi continued his studies at the University of Ferrara, where he became the private secretary of Tommaso Ruffo, papal legate, in whose bishopric of Ostia and Velletri he held the post of auditor until 1753. His skill in the conduct of a mission to the court of Naples won him the esteem of Pope Benedict XIV (1740–58), who appointed him one of his secretaries, 1753, and canon of St Peter's. In 1758, putting an end to an engagement to be married (Pastor 1952) he was ordained priest, and in 1766 appointed treasurer of the camera apostolica by Pope Clement XIII (1758–69). Those who suffered under his conscientious economies cunningly convinced Pope Clement XIV (1769–74) to make him Cardinal-Priest of Sant'Onofrio on 26 April 1773 – a promotion which rendered him, for a time, innocuous. In the four months' conclave which followed the death of Clement XIV Spain, France and Portugal at length dropped their objection to Braschi, who was after all one of the more moderate opponents of the anti-Jesuit policy of the previous Pope, and he was elected to the Holy See on 15 February 1775, taking the name of Pius VI.
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Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius VII (14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823), born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was a monk, theologian and bishop, who reigned as Pope from 14 March 1800 to 20 August 1823.
Chiaramonti was born at Cesena, the son of Count Scipione Chiaramonti; his mother, Giovanna, was the daughter of the Marquess Ghini and was related to the Braschi family. He joined the Benedictine Order in 1756 at the Abbey of St Maria del Monte of Cesena, where he received the monastic name Gregory. He then became a teacher at Benedictine colleges in Parma and Rome. He was ordained to the priesthood on 21 September 1765.
His career became a series of promotions following the election of his relative, Giovanni Angelo Braschi, as Pope Pius VI (1775–99). In 1776 Pius VI appointed the 34-year-old Dom Gregory, who had been teaching at the Monastery of Sant'Anselmo in Rome, as honorary abbot in commendam of his monastery. Though this was an ancient practice, this drew complaints from the monks of the community, as monastic communities generally felt it was not in keeping with the Rule of St. Benedict. In December 1782 the pope appointed Dom Gregory as the Bishop of Tivoli, near Rome. Pius VI soon named him, in February 1785, simultaneously both as a Cardinal-Priest, with his titular church being the Basilica of St. Callistus, and as the Bishop of Imola, an office he held until 1816.
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Pope Pius VIII
Pope Pius VIII (20 November 1761 – 30 November 1830), born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni was Pope in 1829 and 1830.
He was born in Cingoli, Marche, the son of Count Ottavio Castiglioni and his wife Sanzia Ghislieri. He studied Canon law and, in 1800 became bishop of Montalto. After he refused to swear allegiance to Napoleon I of France (1804–14, 1815) he was taken to France, but following the defeat of France, he was, in 1816, made a Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria in Traspontina. He held various high offices thereafter, including that of Major Penitentiary. He soon became cardinal bishop of the suburbicarian see of Frascati.
"As a Cardinal, Castiglione had continued to live modestly, made no enemies, and although his own private life had always been irreproachable, he had shown no signs of censoriousness where others were concerned. He suffered from a very painful and distressing complaint, having perpetually suppurating sores on his neck and body, and was far too ill and feeble to do more than sign the documents presented to him by Cardinal Giuseppe Albani, who ruled the Papal States as autocratically as though he had himself worn the triple crown."
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Pope Urban VI
Pope Urban VI (c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389. He was the last Pope to be elected from outside the College of Cardinals.
Born in Itri, he was a devout monk and learned casuist, trained at Avignon. On 21 March 1364 he was consecrated Archbishop of Acerenza in the Kingdom of Naples. He became Archbishop of Bari in 1377. On the death of Pope Gregory XI in 1378, a Roman mob surrounded the papal conclave to demand a Roman pope. The cardinals being under some haste and great pressure to avoid the return of the Papal seat to Avignon, Prignano was unanimously chosen Pope on 8 April 1378 as acceptable to the disunited majority of French cardinals, taking the name Urban VI. Not being a Cardinal, he was not well known. Immediately following the conclave, most of the cardinals fled Rome before the mob could learn that not a Roman (though not a Frenchman either), but a subject of Queen Joan I of Naples, had been chosen.
Prignano had developed a reputation for simplicity and frugality and a head for business when acting Vice-Chancellor. He also demonstrated a penchant for learning, and, according to Cristoforo di Piacenza, he was without famiglia in an age of nepotism, although once in the papal chair he elevated four cardinal-nephews and sought to place one of them in control of Naples. His great faults undid his virtues: Ludwig Pastor summed up his character: "He lacked Christian gentleness and charity. He was naturally arbitrary and extremely violent and imprudent, and when he came to deal with the burning ecclesiastical question of the day, that of reform, the consequences were disastrous."
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Roberto Benigni
Roberto Remigio Benigni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI (Italian pronunciation: [roˈbɛrto beˈniɲi]; born 27 October 1952) is an Academy Award winning Italian actor, comedian, screenwriter and director of film, theatre and television.
Benigni was born in Manciano La Misericordia (a frazione of Castiglion Fiorentino), Italy, the son of Isolina Papini, a fabric inspector, and Remigio Benigni, a bricklayer, carpenter, and farmer. He was raised Catholic and served as an altar boy. His first experiences as a theatre actor took place in 1971, in Prato. During that autumn he moved to Rome where he took part in some experimental theatre shows, some of which he also directed. In 1975, Benigni had his first theatrical success with Cioni Mario di Gaspare fu Giulia, written by Giuseppe Bertolucci.
Benigni became famous in Italy in the 1970s for a shocking TV series called Onda Libera, on RAI2, by Renzo Arbore, in which he interpreted the satirical piece "anthem of the nimble body" (L'inno del corpo sciolto, a hymn to defecation).[citation needed] A great scandal for the time, the series was suspended due to censorship. His first film was 1977's Berlinguer ti voglio bene, also by Bertolucci.
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photo: AP / Aaron Favila
05 Mar 2013
Manila. Members of a major Philippine Muslim rebel force who were meant to have disarmed in the 1990s as part of a peace pact are involved in deadly battles in Malaysia, the group’s leader said on Tuesday. Nur Misuari, who founded the Moro National Liberation Front in the late 1960s, confirmed “freedom fighters” from his group were part of the militia sent by a self-proclaimed sultan to claim the Malaysian state of Sabah....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: AP / Lai Seng Sin
05 Mar 2013
KUALA LUMPUR. Malaysian security forces attacked a group of armed Filipinos early Tuesday to end the group's three-week occupation of a Borneo village, the prime minister said after the siege turned violent and became Malaysia's biggest security crisis in years ... The Philippine government asked Malaysia on Monday to exercise maximum tolerance to avoid further bloodshed ... 9 ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)
photo: AP / Gali Tibbon, Pool
05 Mar 2013
WASHINGTON - US Vice-President Joe Biden insisted on Monday that President Barack Obama was not bluffing about using force to thwart Iran's nuclear ambitions if all else fails, even as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu called for a "credible military threat" against Tehran ... "Words alone will not stop Iran. Sanctions alone will not stop Iran ... Tehran denies it is seeking one ... "We are not looking for war ... Previous Page 1 2 Next Page....(size: 3.5Kb)
photo: US Navy / MCS1 Daniel N. Woods
05 Mar 2013
FOSTER KLUG , The Associated Press. Posted. Tuesday, March 5, 2013, 4.12 AM. SEOUL, South Korea - The Cold War still rages in North Korea, and enemy No. 1 is the United States, which Pyongyang blames for making its much-condemned drive to develop nuclear weapons necessary ... North Korea's latest nuclear test in February , its third , has led even China, its only major ally, to support another round of punishing U.N ... invasion plans. U.S ... Cops ... ....(size: 9.2Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Fernandez
05 Mar 2013
MANCHESTER. Cristiano Ronaldo scored the decisive goal as Real Madrid controversially came from behind to win 2-1 at Manchester United on Tuesday and reach the Champions League quarter-finals. In a breathless game, Nani forced Sergio Ramos to put through his own goal in the 48th minute to give United a 2-1 aggregate lead in the last 16 tie, only for the Portuguese winger to then be sent off for a foul on Alvaro Arbeloa ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
noodls
04 Mar 2013
Cesena, 4 March 2013 - Drillmec S.p.A., a TREVI Group company, specialized in the manufacturing of oil and water drilling rigs, has been awarded the supply of six new onshore oil drilling rigs worth about 140 million USD from SnamProgetti Arabia Saudita a Saipem company and from IDC Iraq Drilling Company ... - Via Larga, 201 - 47522 Cesena (FC) (Italia) ... Registro Imprese Forlì - Cesena, Codice Fiscale e Partita IVA....(size: 5.5Kb)
noodls
01 Mar 2013
(Source. Internazionale Football Club SpA). APPIANO GENTILE - The Nerazzurri fans had plenty of questions for Ezequiel Schelotto, and host Roberto Scarpini gave them their chance to be heard on 'Prima Serata'. Some fans even wanted to know if the Nerazzurri player feels a bit like 'the new Camoranesi' ... "I spent two and a half fantastic years at Cesena, winning promotion twice. I started in C1 and made it to Serie A....(size: 2.6Kb)
noodls
28 Feb 2013
(Source. Zenit St Petersburg) Photo. acsiena.it A.C. Siena is in the habit of fighting for survival, yet recently got victories over Inter and Lazio, features a coach who specializes in leading teams back to Serie A, and is the new home of former Zenit player Alessandro Rosina. Zenit will take on Siena on February 28 at 18.30 St. Petersburg time. History ... Season ... He was loaned to Cesena in 2011, and signed a contract with Siena in 2012. Fact....(size: 3.8Kb)
Goal
27 Feb 2013
The Japan international was injured during the 1-1 draw with AC Milan last weekend, suffering what was initially hoped to be a simple sprain ... Nagatomo, who joined Andrea Stramaccioni's side from Cesena in 2011, has impressed throughout the past year and reportedly attracted the interest of Real Madrid last month following his displays ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
noodls
16 Feb 2013
(Source. Roma Associazione Sportiva SpA). 02/16/2013. Five. the number of wins for Roma on this matchday, as well as the number of goals scored by Roberto Pruzzo in a single game against Avellino on February 16th ... There have been 12 matches so far played on this date ... The most recent game goes back to the 2007/08 season. Juventus 1-0 Roma (Del Piero) ... 1930, WEEK 17 - PADOVA 3-0 ROMA. PADOVA ... ROMA ... REFEREE ... 1976, WEEK 17 - ROMA 2-2 CESENA ... CESENA....(size: 5.6Kb)
BBC News
12 Feb 2013
Italian defender Davide Santon has said the January transfer window imports have already proved their value to the Newcastle United squad. United signed six players during January - arrivals who have coincided with a run of two wins in three games ... Santon factfile. Born. 2 January 1991 Date of birth. Portomaggiore, Italy International honours ... Inter Milan, Cesena [loan] ... Santon added ... Share this story ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
BBC News
12 Feb 2013
Pope Benedict XVI will stand down on 28 February after nearly eight years as the head of the Catholic Church. The first papal resignation in nearly 600 years has surprised and shocked many around the world. BBC News website readers have given their reaction to the news and reveal their thoughts on the future of the papacy. Kwame Forson, from Teteman-Buem, Ghana ... Stefano Angeli, from Cesena, Italy ... I am very shocked by his decision ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
The Charlotte Observer
12 Feb 2013
ROME Two years ago, a curious case landed on the desk of Italian prosecutor Roberto Di Martino in the town of Cremona. Five players on the local third-division club Cremonese fell ill after a match against Paganese ... Italian soccer officials banned him for five years. --- ... --- ... ... In 2011, Serie B player Simone Farina was offered 200,000 euros ($260,000) to influence the outcome of an Italian Cup match between Cesena and his club, Gubbio ... ....(size: 10.0Kb)
Seattle Post
12 Feb 2013
ROME (AP) — Two years ago, a curious case landed on the desk of Italian prosecutor Roberto Di Martino in the town of Cremona. Five players on the local third-division club Cremonese fell ill after a match against Paganese ... Italian soccer officials banned him for five years. ___ ... In 2011, Serie B player Simone Farina was offered 200,000 euros ($260,000) to influence the outcome of an Italian Cup match between Cesena and his club, Gubbio ... ....(size: 10.1Kb)
FourFourTwo
12 Feb 2013
If this was the Champions League, there would be drama, tension, flare and sparkle – and with these sets of ties, hungry TV companies and broadcasters would be going mad with spoilt choice ... Remember, each game is one-leg only. a sudden-death shoot-out between the best young talent in Europe ... De Toekomst) ... The striker, who is co-owned by Cesena, scored twice in the groups and earned himself a first-team debut in the Europa League ... ....(size: 10.1Kb)
Fox News
12 Feb 2013
FILE - In this Monday, May 28, 2012 file photo Italian prosecutor Roberto Di Martino talks to the media during a press conference he held in Cremona, Northern Italy ... Five players on the local third-division club Cremonese fell ill after a match against Paganese ... ___ ... ___ ... ... ___ ... In 2011, Serie B player Simone Farina was offered 200,000 euros ($260,000) to influence the outcome of an Italian Cup match between Cesena and his club, Gubbio ... ....(size: 14.5Kb)
noodls
06 Feb 2013
noodls
06 Feb 2013
For the football club based in the city, see A.C. Cesena.
| Cesena | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — Comune — | |||
| Comune di Cesena | |||
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 Cesena
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| Coordinates: 44°08′N 12°14′E / 44.133°N 12.233°E / 44.133; 12.233Coordinates: 44°08′N 12°14′E / 44.133°N 12.233°E / 44.133; 12.233 | |||
| Country | Italy | ||
| Region | Emilia-Romagna | ||
| Province | Forlì-Cesena (FC) | ||
| Frazioni | see list | ||
| Government | |||
| • Mayor | Paolo Lucchi (Partito Democratico) | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 249.47 km2 (96.32 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 44 m (144 ft) | ||
| Population (12-31-2011) | |||
| • Total | 97,484 | ||
| • Density | 390/km2 (1,000/sq mi) | ||
| Demonym | Cesenati | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 47521 - 47522 | ||
| Dialing code | 0547 | ||
| Patron saint | St. John the Baptist | ||
| Saint day | June 24 | ||
| Website | Official website | ||
Cesena (Italian pronunciation: [tʃɛˈzeːna]) is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy, south of Ravenna and west of Rimini, on the Savio River, co-chief of the Province of Forlì-Cesena. It is at the foot of the Apennines, and about 15 km from the Adriatic Sea.
Contents |
History[link]
Cesena was originally an Umbrian or Etruscan town, known as Caesena. After a brief spell under Gaulish rule, it was taken over by Romans in the 3rd century BC. It was a garrison town of strategic importance which was destroyed in the wars between Gaius Marius and Sulla. Pliny mentions the wines of Cesena as among the best.
Cesena was on the border that the Exarchate of Ravenna shared with the Lombards. It was presented to the Papacy by its Frankish conqueror in 754 and passed back and forth between the popes and the archbishops of Ravenna, was briefly a communal republic (1183–1198). It was then long contested between popes and Holy Roman Emperors. The brief rule by the Forlivese Ordelaffi was crushed in 1357 by Papal troops led by Cardinal Gil de Albornoz, after a long siege heroically endured by Cia degli Ordelaffi, wife of the Lord of Forlì.
The little comune revolted again in 1377 during the War of the Eight Saints. This time it was recaptured by Breton troops of Giovanni Acuto (the English-born condottiere John Hawkwood) under the command of Robert, Cardinal of Geneva, (later antipope Clement VII). The latter, acting as the legate of Pope Gregory XI, directed the savage murder of between 2,500 and 5,000 civilians. By the laws of war at the time this was regarded as an atrocity that earned the label of the "Cesena Bloodbath" and the cardinal the "butcher of Cesena". The following year what remained of Cesena was assigned by the new pope Urban VI to Galeotto I Malatesta.
During the period 1379-1465 the city recovered and prospered under the Malatesta, who rebuilt the castle (called Rocca Malatestiana) overlooking the town. The Malatestiana Library, built by near the castle by Malatesta Novello (1429), is considered a fine example of a Renaissance library and holds many valuable manuscripts.
After Novello's death (1465), Cesena returned to the Papal States, but was again seized by a local seignor, Cesare Borgia, in 1500. The city was elevated to capital of his powerful though short-lived duchy.
Cesena subsequently turned into a secondary city of the Papal States. In the 18th and 19th centuries Pope Pius VI and Pope Pius VII were born in the city, which also had Pope Pius VIII as bishop, gaining the title of "city of the three popes". During the Napoleonic Wars it was stripped of numerous monasteries and churches. Some of its citizens had notable roles in the unification of Italy, in the second half of the 19th century.
During World War II Cesena was near the Gothic Line, which ran along the Appennini near the city, and suffered heavily from bombing.
In 1992 it was elevated to the rank of co-capital of province, together with Forlì.
Main sights[link]
Cesena's monuments include:
- the Abbey of St Maria del Monte.
- the Malatestian Fortress (Rocca Malatestiana), built by Cardinal Albornoz (from 1380) over a pre-existing edifice which had hosted, among the others, Frederick Barbarossa and his nephew Frederick II. It was completed by the Papal governor Lorenzo Zane in 1480, and was used by Cesare Borgia as jail for Caterina Sforza. It is octagonal, with two main towers, the higher maschio and the lower foemina
- the Piazza del Popolo
- the Biblioteca Malatestiana, the first public library in Europe, listed in UNESCO Memory of the World Programme.
- the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist.
- The Pinacoteca Comunale is housed in what was once a Benedictine monastery.
- The Galleria dei dipinti antichi della Cassa di Risparmio di Cesena is housed in what was once a Celestine monastery.
- The Teatro Alessandro Bonci.
Economy[link]
Cesena's industry centers on agriculture, handicrafts, and tourism.
Transport[link]
Cesena railway station, opened in 1861, forms part of the Bologna–Ancona railway. It is situated at Piazza Giorgio Sanguinetti, to the northeast of the city centre.
Bounding communes[link]
- Mercato Saraceno
- Cesenatico
- Cervia
- Ravenna
- Gambettola
- Montiano
- Longiano
- Roncofreddo
- Meldola
- Bertinoro
- Sarsina
Notable people[link]
- Nicoletta Braschi, Italian actress, best known for her work with her husband, actor and director Roberto Benigni
- Alberto Sughi, Italian painter
- Pope Pius VI, was Pope from February 15, 1775 to August 29, 1799
- Pope Pius VII, was Pope from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823.
- Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno
- Alessandro Bonci, operatic tenor
- Marco Pantani
[edit] Frazioni
Acquarola, Aie, Bagnile, Borello, Borgo di Ronta, Borgo delle Rose, Borgo Paglia, Botteghino, Budrio, Bulgaria, Bulgarnò, Calisese, Calabrina, Capannaguzzo, Carpineta, Casalbono, Casale, Case Castagnoli, Case Frini, Case Gentili, Case Missiroli, Case Scuola Vecchia, Celincordia, Celletta, Diegaro, Formignano, Gattolino, Gualdo, Il Trebbo, Lizzano, Luogoraro, Luzzena, Macerone, Madonna dell'Olivo, Martorano, Massa, Molino Cento, Monte Aguzzo, Monte Vecchio, Montereale, Monticino, Oriola, Osteria di Piavola, Paderno, Pievesestina, Pioppa, Ponte Abbadesse, Ponte Pietra, Pontecucco, Provezza, Rio Eremo, Rio Marano, Ronta, Roversano, Ruffio, Saiano, San Carlo, San Cristoforo, San Demetrio, San Giorgio, San Mamante, San Martino in Fiume, San Matteo, San Tomaso, San Vittore, Santa Lucia, Sant'Andrea in Bagnolo, Settecrociari, Tessello, Tipano, Torre del Moro, Trebbo, Valdinoce, Villa Calabra, Villa Casone.
See also[link]
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cesena |
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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Cesena. |
- Cesena home page (Italian)
- Cesena history and info (English)
- Forlì-Cesena tourism (English)
http://wn.com/Cesena
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Cesena
http://cs.wn.com/Cesena
http://id.wn.com/Cesena
http://es.wn.com/Cesena
http://ru.wn.com/Чезена
http://nl.wn.com/Cesena
http://pl.wn.com/Cesena
http://fr.wn.com/Cesena
http://de.wn.com/Cesena
http://pt.wn.com/Cesena
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesena
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
