The Quaker Oats Company is an American food conglomerate based in Chicago. It has been owned by Pepsico since 2001.^[1]

History[link]

1905 magazine advertisement

Quaker Oats was founded in 1901 by the merger of four oat mills:

• The Quaker Mill Company of Ravenna, Ohio, which held the trademark on the Quaker name and was founded by Henry Parsons Crowell, who bought the bankrupt Quaker Oat Mill Company, also in Ravenna.^[2] He held the key positions of general manager, president and chairman of the company from 1888 until late 1943. He was called the cereal tycoon.^[3] He donated more than 70% of his wealth to the Crowell Trust.^{[4][5][6][7][8]}
• A cereal mill in Cedar Rapids, Iowa owned by John Stuart, his son Robert Stuart, and their partner George Douglas;
• The German Mills American Oatmeal Company, owned by "The Oatmeal King", Ferdinand Schumacher of Akron, Ohio;
• The Rob Lewis & Co. American Oats and Barley Oatmeal Corporation. Formally known as "Good For Breakfast" instant oatmeal mix.

The company expanded into numerous areas, including other breakfast cereals and other food and drink products, and even into unrelated fields such as toys.

In 1969, Quaker acquired Fisher-Price, a toy company and spun it off in 1991.

In the 1970s, the company financed the making of the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, obtaining in return a license to use a number of the product names mentioned in the movie for candy bars.

In 1982 Quaker Oats formed US Games, a company that created games for the Atari 2600. After one year they went out of business.

In 1983, Quaker bought Stokely-Van Camp, Inc., makers of Van Camp's and Gatorade.^[9]

Quaker bought Snapple for $1.7 billion in 1994 and sold it to Triarc in 1997 for $300 million.^[10] Triarc sold it to Cadbury Schweppes for $1.45 billion in September 2000.^[11] It was spun off in May 2008 to its current owners, Dr Pepper Snapple Group.

In 1996, Quaker spun off its frozen food business, selling it to Aurora Foods (which was bought by Pinnacle Foods in 2004).

In August 2001, Quaker was bought out by Pepsico because Pepsi wanted to add Gatorade to its arsenal of beverages and thus break into the isotonic sports beverage market. The merger created the fourth-largest consumer goods company in the world. Though the main prize for PepsiCo was Gatorade noncarbonated sports drink, Quaker's cereal and snack food division serves as seemingly healthier complement to the existing Frito-Lay salty-snacks division.

Since the late 1980s, actor Wilford Brimley has appeared in television commercials extolling the virtues of oat consumption, typically to a young child, as to introduce the concept of oatmeal consumption as a long tradition.

Canadian operations[link]

Quaker Oats facility in Peterborough

The major Canadian production facility for Quaker Oats is located in Peterborough, Ontario. The factory was first established as the American Cereal Company^[12] in 1902 on the shores of the Otonabee River during that city's period of industrialization. On December 11, 1916, the factory all but completely burned to the ground. When the smoke had settled, 23 people had died and Quaker was left with $2,000,000 in damages. Quaker went on to rebuild the facility incorporating the few areas of the structure that were not destroyed by fire. When PepsiCo purchased Quaker Oats in 2001, many brands were consolidated from facilities around Canada to the Peterborough location—which assumed the new QTG moniker (Quaker Tropicana Gatorade). Local production includes Quaker Oatmeal, Quaker Chewy bars, Cap'n Crunch cereal, Aunt Jemima instant pancake mixes and pancake syrups, Quaker Oat Bran and Corn Bran cereals, Gatorade sportdrinks and the Propel fitness water sub-brand, Tropicana juices, and various Frito-Lay snack products. Products are easily identified by the manufactured by address on the packaging. The Peterborough facility exports to the majority of Canada and limited portions of the United States. The Quaker plant sells cereal production byproducts to companies that use them to create fire logs, pellets and janks.

Land giveaways in cereal boxes[link]

Starting in 1902, the company's oatmeal boxes came with a coupon redeemable for the legal deed to a tiny lot in Milford, Connecticut. The lots, sometimes as small as 10 feet by 10 feet, were carved out of a 15-acre, never-built subdivision called "Liberty Park". A small number of children (or their parents), often residents living near Milford, redeemed their coupons for the free deeds and started paying the extremely small property taxes on the "oatmeal lots". The developer of the prospective subdivision hoped the landowners would hire him to build homes on the lots, although several tracts would need to be combined before building could start. The legal deeds created a large amount of paperwork for town tax collectors, who frequently couldn't find the property owners and received almost no tax revenue from them. In the mid-1970s, the town put an end to the oatmeal lots with a "general foreclosure" condemning nearly all of the property, which is now part of a BiC Corporation plant.^[13]

In 1955, Quaker Oats again gave away land as part of a promotion, this one tied to the Sergeant Preston of the Yukon television show in the United States. The company offered in its Puffed Wheat and Puffed Rice cereal boxes genuine deeds to land in the Klondike.^[13]

Informed consent controversy, research on children[link]

In the 1950s, researchers from Quaker Oats Company, MIT and Harvard University carried out experiments at the Walter E. Fernald State School to determine how the minerals from cereals were metabolized. Parents of mentally challenged children were asked for permission to let their children be members of a Science Club and participate in research. Being a member of the Science Club gave the children special privileges. The parents were told that the children would be fed with a diet high in nutrients. However, they were not told (and the consent form contained no information indicating) that the food their children were fed contained radioactive calcium and iron.^[14] The information obtained from the experiments was to be used as part of an advertising campaign.^[15] The company was later sued because of the experiments. The lawsuit was settled on December 31, 1997.^[16]

Logo and Quakers[link]

The monochromatic 1971 Quaker Oats Company Logo was created by Saul Bass, a graphic designer known for his motion picture title sequences and corporate logos. The current logo (on which the Saul Bass logo was apparently modeled) was painted by Haddon Sundblom sometime between 1939 and 1941 using fellow Coca Cola artist Harold W. McCauley as the model. Although it is popularly believed that the man on the box is Province of Pennsylvania founder, namesake and Quaker William Penn, the company states that "The 'Quaker man' is not an actual person", but is instead a generic representation of a "man dressed in Quaker garb".^[17] The man is known within the company as "Larry".^[18] He has also been mistaken for Benjamin Franklin.^{[citation needed]}

The company has no formal ties with the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). When the company was being built up, Quaker businesspeople were known for their honesty (Truth is often considered a Quaker testimony). The Straight Dope writes "According to the good folks at Quaker Oats, the Quaker Man was America's first registered trademark for a breakfast cereal, his registration taking place on September 4th, 1877. "The name was chosen when Quaker Mill partner Henry Seymour found an encyclopedia article on Quakers and decided that the qualities described — integrity, honesty, purity — provided an appropriate identity for his company's oat product."^[19] In the 1800s, when the company was formed, Quakers did wear clothes similar to those shown in the picture. This was because of the Quakers' Testimony of Simplicity — they did not want to show off their wealth with expensive clothing. Most Quakers currently do not tend to dress in that manner — they might instead avoid clothing with brand names advertised.

US brands[link]

As of 2005^[update], these are the product brands marketed under the Quaker Oats name in the US:

Breakfast cereals[link]

• Cap'n Crunch
• Life cereal
• Quisp
• Mother's Natural Foods
• Quaker 100% Natural Granola
• Kretschmer Wheat Germ
• Muffets ("The round shredded wheat")
• Quaker Oatmeal Squares
• Quaker Toasted Oatmeal
• Quaker Oh's
• King Vitaman
• Quaker Corn Bran
• Quaker Oat Bran
• Quaker Puffed Rice
• Quaker Puffed Wheat

Other breakfast foods[link]

• Quaker Oatmeal
• Quaker Oatmeal To Go (re-branded from Breakfast Squares in 2006)
• Quaker Grits
• Aunt Jemima Syrups and Mixes (Aunt Jemima frozen breakfast foods is owned by Pinnacle Foods, who use the Aunt Jemima trademark under license from Quaker Oats Company)
• Quaker Breakfast Cookies
• Quaker Instant Oatmeal

Snacks[link]

Chewy Granola Bar

• Quaker Crispy Minis (Rice Chips and Rice Cakes) (known as Snack-a-Jacks in the UK)
• Quakes Rice Snacks
• Quaker Soy Crisps
• Quaker Snack Bars
• Chewy Granola Bars
• Quaker Mini Delights

Mixes[link]

• Quaker Tortilla Mix
• Rice-A-Roni
• Pasta Roni
• Near East

Drinks[link]

• Milk Chillers
• Gatorade

UK brands[link]

As of 2008^[update], these are the product brands marketed under the Quaker Oats name in the UK:^[20]

Hot cereals[link]

• Quaker Oats
• Oatso Simple (various flavours)
• Scott's Porage Oats
• Scott's So Easy

(the Scott's brand, previously a rival, is now also owned by Quaker)

• Pawridge

Ready to eat cereal[link]

• Harvest Crunch

Cereal bars[link]

• Oat Bars (Original with golden syrup or Mixed berry flavours)

Snacks[link]

• Snack-a-Jack bags
• Snack-a-Jack Jumbos

In popular culture[link]

The Quaker figure who adorns Quaker Oats' products packaging has been anonymously referred to as "the guy on the oatmeal box" in various episodes of Nickelodeon/Klasky-Csupo's Rugrats, in reference to one of Chuckie Finster's multifarious childhood phobias. Specifically, Chucky finds the man's hat to be scary.

The Quaker Oats Company is a sponsor of the Chicago Fire Soccer Club of the MLS. Starting next season, their logo will be imprint on the team jersey.

In Spanish speaking countries Quaker, pronounced "Kwa-Ka" is used to refer to oats.

References[link]

• D'Antonio, Michael. The State Boys Rebellion. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004.

External links[link]

	Chicago portal
	Companies portal
	Food portal

• Quaker Oats
• Quaker Oats Company from the Summit Memory Project
• The Lafayette Quaker Oatmeal Festival
• Quaker Oats page on PepsiCo UK & Ireland
• Story about the radioactivity experiments
• Quaker Canada