Bus lane on Broadway (New York City), with the words "only bus" painted in English

Bus lane laid in the middle of Roosevelt Road in Taipei, Taiwan.

A bus lane or bus only lane is a lane restricted to buses on certain days and times, and generally used to speed up public transport that would be otherwise held up by traffic congestion. Often restrictions do not apply to certain other vehicles, which may include taxis, high occupancy vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles^[1] Bus lanes are a central part of bus rapid transit.

History[link]

According to the American Public Transportation Association (APTA)^[2] and the National Transit Database (NTD),^[3] the world's first designated bus lane was created in Chicago in 1939.

The first bus lanes in Europe were established in 1962 in the German city of Hamburg.^{[citation needed]} Other large German cities soon followed, and the implementation of bus lanes was officially sanctioned in the German highway code in 1971. Many experts from other countries (Japan among the first) studied the German example and implemented similar solutions. On January 15, 1964 the first bus lane in France was designated along the quai du Louvre in Paris and the first counter-flow lane was established on the old pont de l’Alma on June 15, 1966.^[4] On 26 February 1968 the first bus lane in London was put into service on Vauxhall Bridge.^{[citation needed]} By 1972 there were over 140 km of with-flow bus lanes in 100 cities within OECD member countries, and the network grew substantially in the following decades.^[5]

The El Monte Busway between El Monte and Downtown Los Angeles was the first busway in the USA, constructed in 1974.^[6]

Design[link]

A bus lane is not necessarily very long, as it may only be used to bypass a single congestion point such as an intersection. Some cities have built large stretches of bus lanes amounting to a separate local road system, often called a busway system.

Entire roads can be designated as bus lanes (such as Oxford Street in London or Fulton Street in New York City), allowing buses, taxis and delivery vehicles only, or a contra-flow bus lane can allow buses to travel in the opposite direction to other vehicles.^[7]

Some bus lanes operate at certain times of the day only, usually during rush hour, allowing all vehicles to use the lane at other times, and it is common to have bus lanes in only one direction, such as for the main direction of the morning rush hour traffic, with the buses using normal lanes in the other direction.

Bus lanes may have separate sets of traffic signals, to allow priority at intersections.

Bus lanes may be marked in several ways. They must be demarcated by lines on the road; road signs may warn that thy are bus lanes on certain days and times; descriptive text such as "BUS LANE" may be marked prominently on the road surface, particularly at the beginning and end; the road surface may have a distinctive colour. Other special-purpose lanes may similarly be marked, e.g. a cycle path may have bicycle symbols and a different coloured surface.

Enforcement[link]

Bus lanes can become ineffective if weak enforcement allows use by unauthorized vehicles^[8] or illegal parking on them (for example in shopping areas).

Evidence from the operation of urban arterials in Brisbane, Australia shows that a properly enforced Bus or Transit lane, operating as designed, can increase person throughput. In 2009 and 2010 traffic surveys showed that in Brisbane on a number of urban arterials with Bus and Transit lanes non-compliance rates were approaching 90 per cent. Following enhanced enforcement of the lanes, non-compliance rates dropped and overall efficiency of the Bus and Transit lanes improved with an up to 12 per cent increase in total person throughput in the lane. Average bus journeys times dropped, in some cases, by up to 19 per cent.^[9]

Effectiveness[link]

Bus lanes give priority to buses and cut down on journey times where roads are congested with other traffic.

The introduction of bus lanes can significantly assist in the reduction of pollutants^[10]

Major networks[link]

Some network lengths of bus lanes in major cities, listed by buses per km of bus lane):

The busiest bus lane in the United States is the Lincoln Tunnel XBL (exclusive bus lane) along the Lincoln Tunnel Approach and Helix in Hudson County, New Jersey which carries approximately 700 buses per hour during morning peak times an average of one bus every 5.1 seconds.^[26]

In contrast the Cross Habour Tunnel in Hong Kong carries 14,500 buses per day,^[27] or an average of about 605 an hour all day (not just peak times), but the bus lane must give-way to all the other road-users resulting in long queues of buses.

Criticism[link]

The installation of bus lanes requires additional space to either be constructed (increasing the impact of the road on the surrounding area, and possibly requiring private land)^[29] or taken from existing lanes; this may reduce the capacity of the road for private vehicles. The loss of lanes is controversial with many road users when this is actually an ancillary reason (i.e. when local authorities want to explicitly combine improved public transport options with reducing or at least not improving convenience for motorists).^[30]

Gallery[link]

• 

  Bus lane in Mannheim, Germany

• 

  Bus lane of the pioneer Rede Integrada de Transporte in Curitiba, Brazil

• 

  thumb|Brt System in Delhi

• 

  Bus lane sign in Norway.

• 

  A bus lane in Church St, Parramatta, New South Wales

• 

  Highway bus lane on Gyeongbu Expressway in South Korea

See also[link]

Buses portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bus lanes

• BRT
• Bus priority
• Guided bus
• HOV Lane
• Public transport bus service
• Reversible lane
• Straddling bus
• Tram

References[link]

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. It includes attribution to IMDb, which may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2007)

Lee Ingleby (born 28 January 1976) is a British film, television, and stage actor.

He is perhaps best known for his roles as Detective Sergeant John Bacchus in the BBC Drama George Gently and as Stan Shunpike in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. He has also appeared as Sean O'Neill in Jimmy McGovern's The Street, and a recurring role in the second series of Early Doors as Mel's boyfriend, Dean. Another prominent role was his part in the 2003 film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World, where he played a nervous Midshipman Hollom. In addition, he played a part in the final episode of Series One of Life on Mars, playing Sam Tyler's father Vic, and made an appearance in Spaced in 2001.

Early life[link]

Ingleby was born in Burnley and lived in Brierfield, Lancashire, England during his early life, attending Edge End High School, as did fellow actor John Simm. Both were taught by the same drama teacher who encouraged them into the professional theatre.^[1] He then studied at Accrington and Rossendale College before progressing to the drama school LAMDA in London.

Career[link]

His first major role was as the young lead in the 2000 BBC miniseries Nature Boy, alongside Paul McGann. He played Smike in a 2001 television film version of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby. Also in 2001, he starred in and wrote the screenplay for the short film Cracks in the Ceiling, which he appeared in with his father, Gordon Ingleby.

In the 2002 theatrical release Borstal Boy, based very loosely on the life of Irish poet-activist Brendan Behan, Ingleby played a bully in an English boarding school for juvenile offenders.

He has also made one-off appearances in television programmes such as Hustle, Clocking Off, No Angels, Fat Friends, Jonathan Creek, Dalziel and Pascoe, Cadfael (Pilgrim of Hate) and The Bill. He has had supporting roles in films such as Gustave in Ever After alongside Drew Barrymore and as Hollom in the 2003 Peter Weir film Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World. In 2004, he had a small role in the Orlando Bloom vehicle Haven, which premiered at the Toronto Film Festival but was not commercially released until 2006, following heavy re-editing. He also guest-starred in the Doctor Who audio adventure, Terror Firma.

In 2006 he appeared in Jimmy McGovern BBC TV series The Street where he played abusive husband Sean O'Neill alongside Christine Bottomley. Another project was the 2006 television adaptation of The Wind in the Willows, in which he played Mole. It also starred Bob Hoskins as Badger, Matt Lucas as Toad, and Mark Gatiss as Ratty, and has also appeared in a modernised BBC adaptation of Rapunzel for the Fairy Tales series.

Ingleby headed the cast of the 2008 three-part television crime drama Place of Execution as DI George Bennett as he was in the 1960s determined to close the case of a missing girl.

When not working in films and television, Ingleby remains active on the stage, where his credits include Puck in Midsummer Night's Dream, Alexander in Nicholas Wright's Cressida, and Katurian in Martin McDonagh's The Pillowman.

He performed in the play Our Class by Tadeusz Slobodzianek at the Cottesloe Theatre from September 2009 to January 2010 as Zygmunt.^[2]

In 2011 he appeared in the television series Being Human as Edgar Wyndham, a menacing vampire elder, and also in Luther as serial killer Cameron Pell.

Personal life[link]

Ingleby is single and lives in Clapham, South London.

Filmography[link]

Film[link]

• Ever After (as Gustave), 1998
• Borstal Boy (as Dale), 2000
• Cracks in the Ceiling (as Lad), 2001
• Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (as Midshipman Hollom), 2003
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (as Stan Shunpike), 2004
• Haven (as Patrick), 2004
• The Headsman (as Bernhard), 2005
• The Last Legion (as Germanus), 2007
• Post-It Love (as Boy), 2008
• Doghouse (as Matt), 2009

Television[link]

• Soldier Soldier (as Kevin Fitzpatrick), 1997
• Killer Net (as Gordon), 1998
• In the Red (as Paul), 1998
• The Bill (as Ian in episode called "Puzzled"), 1998
• Cadfael (as Walter), 1998
• Junk (as Rob), 1999
• The Dark Room (as Bobby Franklyn), 1999
• Dalziel and Pascoe (as Kieron Cumming in episode called "The British Grenadier"), 1999
• Jonathan Creek (as David Spratley in episode called "The Three Gamblers"), 2000
• Nature Boy (as David), 2000
• Spaced (as 'Romford Thug Leader' in episode called "Gone"), 2001
• The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (as Smike), 2001
• Impact (as Peter Stamford), 2002
• Clocking Off (as Steven Dugdale), 2002
• Fat Friends (as Craig in episode called "Sweet and Sour"), 2002
• No Angels (as Nurse Carl Jenkins), 2004
• Blue Murder (as Roger Boersma in episode called "Up In Smoke"), 2004
• Early Doors (as Dean), 2004
• Hustle (as Trevor Speed) in episode called "The Lesson"), 2005
• Coming Up (as Gabriel in episode called "Karma Cowboys"), 2005
• Life on Mars (as Vic Tyler), 2006
• The Street (as Sean O'Neill), 2006
• The Wind in the Willows (as Mole), 2006
• George Gently (as Detective Sergeant John Bacchus), 2007 — 2011
• The Worst Journey in the World (as Birdie Bowers), 2007
• Rapunzel (as Jimmy Stojkovic), 2008
• Place of Execution (as DI George Bennett), 2008
• Marple: Nemesis (as Colin Hards), 2008
• Crooked House (as Ben) (2008)
• Being Human (as Edgar Wyndam) (2011)
• Luther (as Cameron Pell) (2011)

Radio[link]

• Cry Hungary (as Peter Kovacs), BBC Radio 4, 2006

• Radio Head, Up and down the dial of British Radio by John Osborne, Book of the Week, BBC Radio 4, 2009

• A Kind of Loving (as Vic Brown), BBC Radio 4, 2010

References[link]

External links[link]

• Lee Ingleby at the Internet Movie Database
• Lee Ingleby on Filmbug
• Daryn's Lee Ingleby Page