Ufa

Thursday, 17 January 2013

U20 World Championship 2013 in Ufa, Russia t-shirts - realrussiablog.com Ufa Arena is the main playground for 2013 Ice Hockey U20 World Championship in Ufa, Russia. We have visited one of it's games, Canada-USA, that not only to enjoy this great game but to make the real inside into Ufa Arena. The game was over with Canada beats USA 2:1

Russia, Ufa City, Tramplin Park. Россия, Уфа. Трамплин.

Fifa 13 Carreira Manager - EP08 Ufa Fugimos da Série B

[UFA News] 屏東教大VS 義守大學新聞報導-100學年男二級冠軍戰HD

[UFA Interview] 陸軍官校周正寅教練、傑烏士專訪-100學年一般男冠軍戰HD

[UFA Interview] 臺灣師大余秀菁、譚汶琳、曾淑娥專訪-100學年女一級冠軍戰HD

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Abakan
Abakan (Russian: Абака́н; Khakas: Ағбан) is the capital city of the Republic of Khakassia, Russia, located in the central part of Minusinsk Depression, at the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan Rivers. Population: 165,183 (2010 Census preliminary results); 165,197 (2002 Census); 154,092 (1989 Census).
Abakansky ostrog (Абаканский острог) was built at this location in 1675, also known as Abakansk. In the Russian Empire, it was a part of Yeniseysk Governorate. During 1823–1931 the grown settlement was known as Ust-Abakanskoye, 1914–1925: Abakan, 1925–1931: Khakassk. It was granted town status and given its current name in 1931.
In 1940, Russian construction workers found ancient ruins during the construction of a highway between Abakan and the nearby district center village of Askyz (Аскыз). When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists during 1941-45, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large (1500 square meters) Chinese-style, likely Han Dynasty era (206 BCE–220 CE) palace. The identity of the high-ranking personage who lived luxuriously in Chinese style, far outside of the borders of the Han Empire, has remained a matter for discussion ever since. Russian archaeologist L.A. Evtyukhova surmised, based on circumstantial evidence, that the palace may have been the residence of Li Ling, a Chinese general who had been defeated by the Xiongnu in 99 BC, and defected to them as a result. While this opinion has remained popular, other views have been expressed as well. More recently, for example, it was claimed by A.A. Kovalyov as the residence of Lu Fang (盧芳), a Han throne pretender from the Guangwu era.

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Agidel
Agidel (Russian: Агиде́ль; Bashkir: Ағиҙел; Tatar Cyrillic: Агыйдел, Latin: Ağidel) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located near the border with the Republic of Tatarstan. Population: 16,365 (2010 Census preliminary results); 18,721 (2002 Census); 16,067 (1989 Census).
The name of the town is derived from the Bashkir name of the Belaya River: "Aghidhel", a tributary of the Kama River, near the confluence of which the town is located.
It was founded in 1980 as a settlement supporting the construction of the Bashkir nuclear power plant. It was granted town status in 1991.
Administratively, it is incorporated as the town of republic significance of Agidel—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, the town of republic significance of Agidel is incorporated as Agidel Urban Okrug.
As of 2010, the head of the town's administration is Oleg Krysin.
Since the Chernobyl disaster, the people across entire Russia have been strongly opposed to construction of a nuclear plant in northwestern Bashkortostan. In September 2010, the regional government of Bashkortostan announced plans about establishing a industrial park in Agidel that would promote local manufacturing of construction materials.

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Alexandrov Kremlin
The tsar’s residence in the Alexandrovskaya village (also known as the Alexandrovsky Kremlin) is an old Russian fortress which served as the actual capital of the oprichnina in the Moscow state from 1564 until 1581. It was situated on the current territory of the city of Alexandrov, Vladimir Oblast.
Alexandrovskaya village dates back to the middle of the 14th century. Grand Duke Vasily III had a country palace built there and used to bring his family and the entire court to it. The palace did not survive.
The Pokrovsky (Intercession of the Virgin) cathedral was sanctified in 1513 and later it was blessed anew as the Trinity (Troitsky) Cathedral. Its appearance has changed somewhat since the 16th century; some of the architectural details such as windows, e.g., belong to a later period. Originally, red brick and white stone were used in the outer decoration of the cathedral but brick parts were later painted over. Some of the interior fresco paintings date back to the 14th century as do the white stone carvings in the interior portals.

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Alsheyevsky District
Coordinates: 54°00′58″N 54°57′22″E / 54.016°N 54.956°E / 54.016; 54.956
Alsheyevsky District (Russian: Альшеевский район; Bashkir: Әлшәй районы) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Rayevsky. District's population: 43,644 (2010 Census preliminary results); 43,262 (2002 Census); 39,524 (1989 Census). Population of Rayevsky accounts for 41.4% of the district's population.
The district was established in 1935.

wn.com/Alsheyevsky_District
Ankara
Ankara (Turkish pronunciation: [ˈan.ka.ɾa]; historically known as Angora) is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of 938 metres (3,077 ft), and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million.
Centrally located in Anatolia, Ankara is an important commercial and industrial city. It is the center of the Turkish Government, and houses all foreign embassies. It is an important crossroads of trade, strategically located at the centre of Turkey's highway and railway networks, and serves as the marketing centre for the surrounding agricultural area. The city was famous for its long-haired Angora goat and its prized wool (mohair), a unique breed of cat (Angora cat), Angora rabbits and their prized wool (Angora wool), pears, honey, and the region's muscat grapes.
The historical center of Ankara is situated upon a rocky hill, which rises 150 m (492 ft) above the plain on the left bank of the Ankara Çayı, a tributary of the Sakarya (Sangarius) river. The city is located at 39°52'30" North, 32°52' East (39°52′30″N 32°50′00″E / 39.875°N 32.8333°E / 39.875; 32.8333Coordinates: 39°52′30″N 32°50′00″E / 39.875°N 32.8333°E / 39.875; 32.8333), about 450 km (280 mi) to the southeast of Istanbul, the country's largest city. Although situated in one of the driest places of Turkey and surrounded mostly by steppe vegetation except for the forested areas on the southern periphery, Ankara can be considered a green city in terms of green areas per inhabitant, which is 72 m² per head.

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Askinsky District
Askinsky District (Russian: Аскинский район; Bashkir: Асҡын районы) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a selo) of Askino. District's population: 21,272 (2010 Census preliminary results); 23,928 (2002 Census); 23,505 (1989 Census). Population of Askino accounts for 28.6% of the district's population.
The district was established in January 1935.
The district is an agricultural and forestry area. Agricultural lands occupy 92.8 thousand hectares (36.7% of the total area). The main crops are rye, wheat, potatoes, and beef and it has many livestock farms. Logging activities are conducted in the district.

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Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (ⁱ/ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn/ AZ-ər-by-JAHN; Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası) is the largest country in the Caucasus region located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having a short borderline with Turkey to the northwest.
Azerbaijan has an ancient and historic cultural heritage. Aside from having been the first Muslim-majority country to have operas, theater and plays, Azerbaijan today is among the Muslim-majority countries where support for secularism and tolerance is the highest. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the first democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world, was established in 1918, but was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920. Azerbaijan regained independence in 1991. Shortly thereafter, during the Nagorno-Karabakh War, neighboring Armenia occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, its surrounding territories and the enclaves of Karki, Yukhary Askipara, Barkhudarly and Sofulu. The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which emerged in Nagorno-Karabakh, continues to be not diplomatically recognized by any nation and the region is still considered a de jure part of Azerbaijan, despite being de facto independent since the end of the war. Azerbaijan has come under repeated international criticism for its record on human rights.

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Baymak
Baymak (Russian: Баймак; Bashkir: Баймаҡ) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located in the upper streams of the Tanalyk River (Ural's basin) 489 kilometers (304 mi) south of Ufa. Population: 17,710 (2010 Census preliminary results); 17,223 (2002 Census); 15,976 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1913; town status was granted to it in 1938.
Baymak serves as the administrative center of Baymaksky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Baymak is incorporated within Baymaksky Municipal District as Baymak Urban Settlement.
Ethnic composition:^{[citation needed]}

vep:Baimak

wn.com/Baymak
Baymaksky District
Baymaksky District (Russian: Баймакский район; Bashkir: Баймаҡ районы) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic and borders with Abzelilovsky District in the north, Chelyabinsk Oblast and the territory of the town of republic significance of Sibay in the east, Khaybullinsky District in the south, and with Zilairsky District in the south and west. The area of the district is 5,630.55 square kilometers (2,173.97 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Baymak (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: 40,868 (2010 Census preliminary results); 44,214 (2002 Census); 58,035 (1989 Census).
The district was established in 1930.
The town of Baymak serves as the administrative center of the district, although is not administratively a part of it and is incorporated separately as a town of republic significance.Municipally, however, Baymak is incorporated within Baymaksky Municipal District as Baymak Urban Settlement.

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Belebey
Belebey (Russian: Белебе́й; Bashkir: Бәләбәй) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the bank of the Usen River, 180 kilometers (110 mi) from Ufa. Population: 60,183 (2010 Census preliminary results); 60,928 (2002 Census); 53,443 (1989 Census)..
It was established in 1715 and granted town status in 1781.^{[citation needed]}
Belebey serves as the administrative center of Belebeyevsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Belebey is incorporated within Belebeyevsky Municipal District as Belebey Urban Settlement.
Ethnic composition:^{[citation needed]}
Average annual temperature is +4.1 °C (39.38 °F).^{[citation needed]}
vep:Belebei

wn.com/Belebey
Beloretsk
Beloretsk (Russian: Белоре́цк; Bashkir: Белорет) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, situated on the Belaya River, 245 kilometers (152 mi) from Ufa. Population: 68,804 (2010 Census preliminary results); 71,093 (2002 Census); 72,434 (1989 Census).
Town-factories were a peculiar phenomenon in the town-planning in Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries. Beloretsk Iron Factory was built in 1762-1767 by merchants I. B. Tverdyshev and I. S. Myasnikov, who bought 170,041 desiatinas of land from Bashkirs of Belokatayskaya Volost. Builders and first workers of the factory were purchased serfs from Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, and Ryazan Governorates. Beloretsk itself was founded as a factory settlement in 1762.^{[citation needed]}
A Bulletin of 1776 says that the Beloretsk Iron Factory was built in 1762 and had two blast furnaces and fourteen sledge-hammers. However, the first fusion of cast iron was recorded as being done in 1767. In 1777, the factory produced more iron than any other factory in Russia. Productive capacity of the factory was 122,500 poods (~2,000 metric tons) of cast iron and 80,000 poods (~1,300 metric tons) of iron per year. There were 840 male workers at the factory.

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Beloretsky District
Beloretsky District (Russian: Белоре́цкий район; Bashkir: Белорет районы) is an administrative and municipal district (raion), one of the fifty-four in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is located in the east of the republic and borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast in the north, Uchalinsky District in the east, Abzelilovsky District in the southeast, Burzyansky District in the south, Ishimbaysky District in the southwest, and with Gafuriysky and Arkhangelsky Districts in the west. The area of the district is 11,345.77 square kilometers (4,380.63 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Beloretsk (which is not administratively a part of the district). District's population: 38,433 (2010 Census preliminary results); 29,087 (2002 Census); 34,818 (1989 Census).
The district was established in 1930.
The town of Beloretsk serves as the administrative center of the district, although it is not administratively a part of it and is incorporated separately as a town of republic significance.Municipally, however, Beloretsk is incorporated within Beloretsky Municipal District as Beloretsk Urban Settlement.

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Birsk
Birsk (Russian: Бирск; Bashkir: Бөрө) is a town the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River, 102 kilometers (63 mi) from Ufa. Population: 41,637 (2010 Census preliminary results); 39,992 (2002 Census); 34,881 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1663 and granted town status in 1781.^{[citation needed]}
Birsk serves as the administrative center of Birsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, together with two rural localities, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Birsk and the two rural localities are incorporated within Birsky Municipal District as Birsk Urban Settlement.
Ethnic composition:^{[citation needed]}
vep:Birsk

wn.com/Birsk
Cheboksary
Cheboksary (Russian: Чебокса́ры; Chuvash: Шупашкар, Šupaškar) is the capital city of the Chuvash Republic, Russia and a port on the Volga River. Population: 453,645 (2010 Census preliminary results); 440,621 (2002 Census); 419,592 (1989 Census).
A satellite city of Novocheboksarsk is located about 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) east of Cheboksary.
Cheboksary was first mentioned in written sources in 1469, when Russian soldiers passed here on their way to the Khanate of Kazan. According to archaeological excavations, however, the area had been populated considerably earlier. The site hosted a Bulgarian city of Veda Suvar, which appeared after Mongols defeated major Volga Bulgarian cities in 13th century. During Khanate period the town is believed by some^[who?] to have had a Turkic (probably, Tatar^{[citation needed]}) name Çabaqsar and that the current Russian and English names originate from it. However, in maps by European travelers it was marked as Cibocar (Pizzigano, 1367), Veda-Suar (Fra Mauro, 1459). Shupashkar, the Chuvash name literally means the "fortress" of the Chuvash.

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Cherkessk
Cherkessk (Russian: Черке́сск) is the capital city of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Russia, as well as its political, economic, and cultural center. Population: 121,439 (2010 Census preliminary results); 116,244 (2002 Census); 113,060 (1989 Census).
It was founded as the Cossack stanitsa of Batalpashinskaya (Баталпашинская) nearby the Russian Army outpost of the same name (built in 1804).^{[citation needed]} The officially recognized year of founding of Batalpashinskaya and modern Cherkessk is 1825. However, the Cossack settlers of Khopyour and Kuban regiments began arriving to the newly organized stanitsa not early than spring of 1826. For some reason, the name "Batalpashinskaya" was given after Batal-Pasha, a Turkish general of Circassian origin, who was defeated in the battle that took place in the vicinity in 1790. In 1931, it was granted town status and renamed Batalpashinsk (Баталпашинск); then Sulimov (Сулимов) in 1934, then Yezhovo-Cherkessk (Ежово-Черкесск) in 1937, and finally Cherkessk in 1939.^{[citation needed]}

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Davlekanovo
Davlekanovo (Russian: Давлеканово; Bashkir: Дәүләкән) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the Dyoma River 90 kilometers (56 mi) west of Ufa. Population: 24,040 (2010 Census preliminary results); 23,860 (2002 Census); 21,911 (1989 Census).
It has been known since the mid-18th century as the village of Itkulovo (Иткулово); later renamed Davlekanovo.^{[citation needed]}Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1928 and town status was granted in 1942.^{[citation needed]}
Davlekanovo serves as the administrative center of Davlekanovsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Davlekanovo is incorporated within Davlekanovsky Municipal District as Davlekanovo Urban Settlement.
Average annual temperature is +3.8 °C (38.84 °F); average temperature in January is −11.7 °C (10.9 °F) and in July +20.6 °C (69.08 °F).^{[citation needed]}

wn.com/Davlekanovo
Dyurtyuli
Dyurtyuli (Russian: Дюртюли; Bashkir: Дүртөйлө) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Belaya River 126 kilometers (78 mi) northwest of Ufa. Population: 31,272 (2010 Census preliminary results); 29,984 (2002 Census); 25,264 (1989 Census).
In the Tatar and Bashkir languages, the name of the town means "four houses".^{[citation needed]}
It has been known since 1795.^{[citation needed]}Urban-type settlement status was granted to it in 1964; town status was granted in 1989.^{[citation needed]}
Dyurtyuli serves as the administrative center of Dyurtyulinsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Duyrtyuli is incorporated within Dyurtyulinsky Municipal District as Dyurtyuli Urban Settlement.
As of the 2002 Census, ethnic composition of the town was:^{[citation needed]}
vep:Dürtüli

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Egypt
Egypt ⁱ/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.

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Elista
Elista (Russian: Эли́ста or Элиста́;Kalmyk: Элст, Elst) is the capital city of the Republic of Kalmykia, Russia. Population: 103,728 (2010 Census preliminary results); 104,254 (2002 Census); 89,695 (1989 Census).
Elista was founded in 1865 as a small settlement; the name is from Kalmyk els(e)n 'sand(y).' In November 1920, Elista became the administrative center of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast. By the early 1930s, Elista was transformed into a small city as the collectivization policies of Joseph Stalin forced many Kalmyks to abandon their traditional pastoral nomadic lifestyle in exchange for a modern, sedentary, and urban lifestyle. In October 1935, Elista was recognized as the capital of the Kalmyk ASSR.
On December 27, 1943, the Kalmyk ASSR was dissolved and its ethnic Kalmyk residents were forcibly exiled to Siberia. Russian people were brought in to repopulate Elista whose name was changed to Stepnoy (Степно́й). It was called Stepnoy until 1957, when the survivors of the deportations were allowed to return from exile.

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Estonia
Estonia ⁱ/ɨsˈtoʊniə/ (Estonian: Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik), is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by Lake Peipus and the Russian Federation (338.6 km). Across the Baltic Sea lies Sweden in the west and Finland in the north. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² (17,462 sq mi), and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. The Estonians are a Finnic people, and the official language, Estonian, is closely related to Finnish.
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into 15 counties. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. With a population of 1.29 million, it is one of the least-populous members of the European Union, Eurozone and NATO. Estonia has the highest GDP per person among former Soviet republics. Estonia is listed as a "High-Income Economy" by the World Bank and as an "advanced economy" by the International Monetary Fund; the country is an OECD member. The United Nations lists Estonia as a developed country with a Human Development Index of "Very High". The country is also ranked highly for press freedom, economic freedom, democracy and political freedom and education.

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Germany
Germany (ⁱ/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km² and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.

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Greece
Greece ⁱ/ˈɡriːs/ (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, IPA: [eˈlaða] ( listen) historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellas, IPA: [eˈlas] and [helːás] respectively), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country is around 11 million.
Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).

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Grozny
Grozny (Russian: Гро́зный; Chechen: Соьлжа-ГIала, ГIалитIа, Sölƶa-Ġala, or Жовхар, Ƶovxar) is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia. The city lies on the Sunzha River. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 271,596; up from 210,720 recorded in the 2002 Census, but still only about two-thirds of 399,688 recorded in the 1989 Census.
In Russian, "Grozny" means "fearsome". During the existence of the separatist republic, it was renamed to Dzokhar-Ghala in 1996, and Chechen separatists sometimes continue refer to the city as Dzhokhar or Djohar (Chechen: Джовхар-ГIала, Dƶovxar-Ġala); it was named so after Dzhokhar Dudaev, the first president of the separatist Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. As of December 2005, the Chechen parliament voted to rename the city Akhmadkala after Akhmad Kadyrov, a proposition which was rejected by his son Ramzan Kadyrov, the prime minister and later president of the republic.

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Ishimbay
Ishimbay (Russian: Ишимба́й; Bashkir: Ишемба́й) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the banks of the Belaya and Tayruk Rivers, 166 kilometers (103 mi) south of Ufa. Population: 66,242 (2010 Census preliminary results); 70,195 (2002 Census); 69,896 (1989 Census).
Ishimbay serves as the administrative center of Ishimbaysky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Ishimbay is incorporated within Ishimbaysky Municipal District as Ishimbay Urban Settlement.
Climate of Ishimbay is continental with the average annual temperature of +3.31 °C (37.958 °F).^{[citation needed]} Average January temperature is −12.3 °C (9.9 °F); average temperature in July is +20.3 °C (68.54 °F).^{[citation needed]}
Ethnic composition:^{[citation needed]}
vep:Išimbai

wn.com/Ishimbay
Izhevsk
Izhevsk (Russian: Иже́вск; IPA: [ɪˈʐɛfsk]; Udmurt: Иж, Ижкар, Iž, Ižkar) is the capital city of the Udmurt Republic, Russia, situated on the Izh River in the Western Urals. Population: 628,116 (2010 Census preliminary results); 632,140 (2002 Census); 635,109 (1989 Census).
From 1984 to 1987, Izhevsk was called Ustinov (Усти́нов, in honor of Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union, Marshal Dmitry Ustinov). The city is an important industrial center, and is the economic, industrial, and administrative hub of the republic. Izhevsk is especially noted for its military industry, with Russia's biggest munitions enterprise, Izhmash, manufacturer of the AK-47, based in the city.
Izhevsk was founded on April 10, 1760 as a settlement surrounding a newly built ironworks.^{[citation needed]} The ironworks and the town were built by Count Peter Shuvalov as a private venture and passed to the crown after the count's death in lieu of the latter's large debt to the treasury. The location was selected to better accommodate a dam on the Izh River, which was completed in 1763.

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Kazan
Kazan (Russian: Каза́нь; IPA: [kɐˈzanʲ]; Tatar Cyrillic: Казан, Latin: Qazan) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. With a population of 1,161,308, it is the eighth most populous city in Russia, while the metropolitan area has a population of 1.57 million (2011).^{[citation needed]} Kazan lies at the confluence of the Volga and Kazanka Rivers in European Russia.
The Kazan Kremlin is a World Heritage Site. In 2005, the Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" was established by Russia to denote this landmark event. The multi-ethnic city is is honored by UNESCO and famous for Muslims and Christians living side-by-side in peace.
In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to brand itself as the "Third Capital" of Russia. In 2009 it was chosen as the "Sports capital of Russia" and it still is referred to as such. The city will host 2013 Summer Universiade, 2015 World Aquatics Championships, and 2018 FIFA World Cup.
The origin of the name Kazan is uncertain. The most accepted legends derive it from the Bulgar Turkic (and also modern Tatar) word qazan, which means 'boiler' or 'cauldron'.

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Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv (Ukrainian: Київ [ˈkɪjiw] ( listen); Russian: Киев) is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press.
Kiev is an important industrial, scientific, educational and cultural centre of Eastern Europe. It is home to many high-tech industries, higher education institutions and world-famous historical landmarks. The city has an extensive infrastructure and highly developed system of public transport, including the Kiev Metro.
The name Kiev is said to derive from the name of Kyi, one of four legendary founders of the city (brothers Kyi, Shchek, Khoryv, and sister Lybid). During its history, Kiev, one of the oldest cities in Eastern Europe, passed through several stages of great prominence and relative obscurity. The city probably existed as a commercial centre as early as the 5th century. A Slavic settlement on the great trade route between Scandinavia and Constantinople, Kiev was a tributary of the Khazars, until seized by the Varangians (Vikings) in the mid-9th century. Under Varangians rule, the city became a capital of the Rus', the first East Slavic state. Completely destroyed during the Mongol invasion in 1240, the city lost most of its influence for the centuries to come. It was a provincial capital of marginal importance in the outskirts of the territories controlled by its powerful neighbours; first the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, followed by Poland and Russia.

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Kumertau
Kumertau (Russian: Кумерта́у; Bashkir: Күмертау) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) from Ufa and 102 kilometers (63 mi) from Sterlitamak. Population: 62,854 (2010 Census preliminary results); 65,003 (2002 Census); 64,260 (1989 Census).
Administratively, along with four rural localities, it is incorporated as the town of republic significance of Kumertau—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, the town of republic significance of Kumertau is incorporated as Kumertau Urban Okrug.
Ethnic composition: Russians: 61.6%; Bashkirs: 16.4%; Tatars: 12.9%; Chuvash people: 4%; others: 5.1%.^{[citation needed]}
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Kyzyl
Kyzyl (Russian: Кызы́л; Tuvan: Кызыл) is the capital city of the Tuva Republic, Russia. The name of the city means "red" in Tuvan (as well as in many other Turkic languages). Population: 109,906 (2010 Census preliminary results); 104,105 (2002 Census); 84,641 (1989 Census).
Kyzyl claims to be located exactly in the geographical center of Asia. Whether these coordinates are in fact the center of Asia is disputed. However, there is a monument labelled "Center of Asia" in English, Russian, and Tuvan which asserts this claim. Tos-Bulak is the area of open fields and mineral springs which lies immediately south of Kyzyl.
Kyzyl is located where the Yenisei River meets the Maly Yenisey River to form the Verkhny Yenisey. Most development is south of the river and follow the curves of the river, with the highest development centered where the two headstreams of the Yenisei, the Bolshoy Yenisey, and the Maly Yenisey, meet. A monument was built in 1964 on the river bank to mark this.
It was founded in 1914 as Belotsarsk (Белоца́рск).^{[citation needed]} In 1918, it was renamed Khem-Beldyr (Хем-Белды́р), and in 1926 it was given its present name.^{[citation needed]} In September 2004, Kyzyl celebrated its 90th anniversary as a city.

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Las Piñas
The City of Las Piñas (Filipino: Lungsod ng Las Piñas) (population: 532,330, 2007 Census) is a city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines. It is bounded on the north and northeast by the Parañaque City; on the east and southeast by Muntinlupa City; on the south by the Municipality of Imus, Cavite; on the southwest and west by the Municipality of Bacoor, Cavite; and on the northwest by the scenic Manila Bay. Half of its land area is residential and the remaining half is used for commercial, industrial and institutional purposes. The present physiography of Las Piñas City consists of three zones: Manila Bay, coastal margin and Guadalupe Plateau.
The city is bisected by Real (Spanish for Royal) Street, also known as the Alabang-Zapote Road . It forms part of the Maharlika Highway which spans the whole country. The Alabang–Zapote Road connects the South Luzon Expressway which passes through Muntinlupa City in the east to the Coastal Road along Manila Bay.
The Coastal Road, despite its name, is a major tollway which runs the southern length of Metro Manila's shoreline with Manila Bay. It is an important artery for people commuting to and from Las Piñas City and Cavite to Manila.

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Magas
Magas (Russian: Мага́с) is the capital town of the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia. It was founded in 1995 and replaced Nazran as the capital of the republic in 2002. In terms of population, Magas is the smallest capital of a federal subject in Russia: 2,505 (2010 Census preliminary results); 275 (2002 Census).
The Republic of Ingushetia came into existence in 1992, having been split from the Chechen–Ingush ASSR. Nazran, the largest of three towns of the new republic, was made a temporary capital; however, it was badly suited for this purpose.
In 1995, President Ruslan Aushev founded Magas just a few kilometers south of Nazran, naming it after the medieval city of Maghas. The new town was supposed to serve purely for administrative needs. The president's palace and the government building were built in rich oriental style, and a business district is under construction. Town status was officially granted to it in 2000.
The town is projected to house about 30,000 inhabitants in the future.^{[citation needed]}

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Makhachkala
Makhachkala (Russian: Махачкала́; IPA: [məxətɕkɐˈla]; Avar: МахIачхъала; Lezgian: Магьачкъала; Kumyk: Магьачкъала, Mağaçqala) is the capital city of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. It is located on the western shore of the Caspian Sea and is home to the Makhachkala Grand Mosque, one of Russia's largest. According to the preliminary results of the 2010 Census, the city had a population of 577,990.
Makhachkala's historic predecessor was the town of Tarki, now a near suburb, whose history goes back to the 15th century and possibly much earlier. The modern city of Makhachkala was founded in 1844 as a fortress; town status was granted in 1857. The original Russian name of the city was Petrovskoye (Петро́вское)—after the Russian tsar Peter the Great who visited the region in 1722. However, among the locals it was known as Anzhi-Qala (A Fortress of Soil, Qala or Kala قلعه means Fortress in Arabic and Turkic). The city was renamed Petrovsk-Port (Петро́вск-Порт) in 1857, sometimes simply Petrovsk, and then Makhachkala in 1921. The city incurred major damage during the earthquake of May 14, 1970. It was briefly renamed as Shamilkala in 1920s.

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Maykop
Maykop (Russian: Майко́п; Adyghe: Мыекъуапэ, Myequape) is the capital city of the Republic of Adygea, Russia, located on the right bank of the Belaya River (a tributary of the Kuban). Population: 144,246 (2010 Census preliminary results); 156,931 (2002 Census); 148,608 (1989 Census).
Maykop was founded in 1857 as a Russian Kuban Cossack fortress. It served as an important strategic outpost during the finale of the Caucasian War in 1858–1863. It was granted town status in 1870.
The early Bronze Age Maykop culture has been named after the city after the discovery of a royal burial site there in 1897.
In 1911, oil deposits were discovered in the vicinity of Maykop.
In 1936, Maykop and the surrounding region was merged with Adyghe Autonomous Oblast, and became the administrative center of the autonomy. Maykop was occupied by the Wehrmacht on August 9, 1942 without a fight as a result of Brandenburger commando operation. In January 1943 it was liberated by the Transcaucasian Front of the Red Army.

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Meleuz
Meleuz (Russian: Мелеу́з; Bashkir: Мәләүез) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the bank of the Belaya River. Population: 61,408 (2010 Census preliminary results); 62,949 (2002 Census); 53,448 (1989 Census).
Meleuz serves as the administrative center of Meleuzovsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Meleuz is incorporated within Meleuzovsky Municipal District as Meleuz Urban Settlement.
The climate of Meleuz is continental with relatively cold winters and hot summers.^{[citation needed]} Average annual temperature is +4.6 °C (40.28 °F).^{[citation needed]}
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Moscow
Moscow ( /ˈmɒskaʊ/ or /ˈmɒskoʊ/; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskva; IPA: [mɐˈskva] ( listen)) is the capital and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural and scientific center of Russia and the continent. Moscow is the northernmost megacity on Earth, the most populous city in Europe, and the 6th largest city proper in the world. Its population, according to the results of the 2010 Census, is 11,503,501. Based on Forbes 2011, Moscow has the largest community of billionaires in the world.
Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia. In the course of its history the city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Soviet Union. Moscow is the site of the Moscow Kremlin, an ancient fortress that is today the residence of the Russian President and of the executive branch of the Government of Russia. The Kremlin is also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in Moscow.

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Nalchik
Nalchik (Russian: На́льчик; IPA: [ˈnalʲtɕɪk]; Kabardian: Налшык; Balkar: Нальчик) is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of 550 meters (1,800 ft) in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about 100 kilometers (62 mi) northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. It covers an area of 131 square kilometers (51 sq mi). Population: 240,095 (2010 Census preliminary results); 274,974 (2002 Census); 234,547 (1989 Census).
The territory of modern-day Nalchik was inhabited by native Balkars and Kabardians as far back as 1743, but the modern city dates from the early 19th century when the expanding Russian Empire built a fort there in 1818; this date is seen at the top of the city's coat of arms. A military settlement was founded on the site in 1838. Nalchik remained relatively unimportant until after the Russian Revolution of 1917, when it was given the status of a city in 1921. It was promoted to become the administrative center of the Kabardian autonomous oblast.

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Neftekamsk
Neftekamsk (Russian: Нефтека́мск) is a city in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located in the northwest of the republic on the Kama River, 220 kilometers (140 mi) from the republic's capital Ufa. It is a large industrial and cultural center of the republic. Population: 121,757 (2010 Census preliminary results); 122,290 (2002 Census); 106,801 (1989 Census).
The city's territory borders with Krasnokamsky and Yanaulsky Districts of the republic. A road network connects the town to Ufa, Birsk, Yanaul, Agidel, Oktyabrsky, Izhevsk, Perm, and Kazan. The nearest railway station is located in Amzya, 15 kilometers (9.3 mi) away. Neftekamsk Airport serves the city.
Town status was granted to it in 1963.^{[citation needed]}
Administratively, along with seven rural localities, it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Neftekamsk—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, the city of republic significance of Neftekamsk is incorporated as Neftekamsk Urban Okrug.

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OKATO
Russian Classification on Objects of Administrative Division (Russian: Общеросси́йский классифика́тор объе́ктов администрати́вно-территориа́льного деле́ния), or OKATO (Russian: ОКАТО), also called All-Russian classification on units of administrative and territorial distribution in English, is one of several Russian national registers. OKATO's purpose is organization of information about structure of the administrative divisions of the federal subjects of Russia.
The document assigns numeric codes to each administrative division of the country, which are hierarchically structured from the federal subject level down to selsoviet level.
OKATO is used for statistical and tax purposes. It was adopted on July 31, 1995, replacing SOATO (Designation System of Objects of Administrative Division of the Union of SSR and the Union Republics, as well as Inhabited Localities). It went into effect on January 1, 1997 and as of 2010 underwent 166 revisions. Compilation and maintenance of the OKATO data is the responsibility of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) of Russia.

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Omsk
Omsk (Russian: Омск) is a city and the administrative center of Omsk Oblast, Russia, located in southwestern Siberia 2,236 kilometers (1,389 mi) from Moscow. With a population of over 1.1 million, it is Russia's second-largest city east of the Ural Mountains after Novosibirsk, and seventh by size nationally.
During the Imperial era, Omsk was the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia, and later of the Governor General of the Steppes. For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918–1920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves.
Omsk is the administrative center of the Siberian Cossack Host. It also serves as the see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara, as well as the administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia.
Omsk stretches along on the banks of the north-flowing Irtysh at its confluence with the smaller Om River. The city has an elevation of 87 meters (285 ft) above mean sea level at its highest point.
Omsk is an important railroad hub, and is the junction point for the northern and southern branches of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The city also serves as a major hub for the regional highway network. River-port facilities handle both passengers and freight, giving the city access to the extensive navigable waterways of the Irtysh and Ob River;. The waterways connect Omsk with the coal and mineral-mining towns further up the river in Kazakhstan, as well as with the oil, natural gas and lumber operations of northern Siberia. Omsk is served by the Tsentralny Airport, which offers access to domestic and international (primarily, German and Kazakh) destinations, making the city an important aviation hub for Siberia and the Russian Far East.

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Orenburg
Orenburg (Russian: Оренбу́рг; IPA: [ərʲɪnˈburk]) is a transcontinental city on the Ural River and the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. It lies 1,478 kilometers (918 mi) southeast of Moscow, very close to the border with Kazakhstan. Population: 546,987 (2010 Census preliminary results); 549,361 (2002 Census); 546,501 (1989 Census). The highest point is at 154.4 m. As of 2012, the mayor of the city is Yury Mishcheryakov.
The Russian Empire began plans for the expansion into Asia by construction of an eastern frontier fortress town in the southern Ural region to be named Orenburg in 1734. The colonists originally founded a settlement in 1735 at the confluence of the Ural River with the Or River. The town's name meant "fortress near the Or," as Burg is German for fortress. This settlement changed its name in 1739 to Orsk. An attempt was made to found another Orenburg about 175 kilometers (109 mi) west at a location called Krasnogor, or "Red Hill," in 1741, but this settlement failed. A third Orenburg was successfully established by Ivan Neplyuyev at its present location approximately 250 kilometers (160 mi) west down the Ural from Orsk in 1743. This third Orenburg functioned as an important military outpost on the frontier with the nomadic Kazakhs. It became the center for the Orenburg Cossacks.

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Paldiski
Paldiski is a town and Baltic Sea port situated on the Pakri peninsula of north-western Estonia. Originally a Swedish settlement known as Rågervik, it became a Russian naval base in the 18th century. The Russians renamed it Балтийский Порт ("Baltiyskiy Port", i.e. Baltic Port, German: Baltisch-Port) in 1762. In Estonian the name was spelled Baltiski until 1933 when the Estonian pronunciation Paldiski became the official name.
In 1962, Paldiski became a Soviet Navy nuclear submarine training centre. With two land-based nuclear reactors, and employing some 16,000 people, it was the largest such facility in the Soviet Union. Because of its importance, the whole city was closed off with barbed wire until the last Russian warship left in August 1994. Russia finally relinquished control of the nuclear reactor facilities in September 1995.
After Estonia restored its independence, the city had not enough Estonian citizens and Paldiski was subordinated to Keila until 30 October 1996. Located some 45 km west of Tallinn, Paldiski is a municipality within Harju County and has a regular ferry connection with Kapellskär in Sweden (operated by Tallink). Derelict Soviet-style apartment buildings make up much of the town, and the relics of military bases are widespread. The majority of its residents are ethnic Russians.

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Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (Russian: Петрозаво́дск; IPA: [pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk]; Karelian/Vepsian/Finnish: Petroskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia. It stretches along the western shore of the Lake Onega for some 27 kilometers (17 mi). Population: 263,540 (2010 Census preliminary results); 266,160 (2002 Census); 269,485 (1989 Census).
It is served by Petrozavodsk Airport.
On September 11, 1703, Prince Menshikov founded the settlement of Petrovskaya Sloboda ("Petrine Sloboda"). He did so at the behest of Tsar Peter the Great, who needed a new iron foundry to manufacture cannons and anchors for the Baltic Fleet at the time of the Great Northern War (1700–1721). At first the foundry used the name Shuysky zavod (literally, "factory at the Shuya River"), but a decade later it became Petrovsky zavod ("Petrine factory"), after the name of the reigning monarch. From this form the present name of the city derives.
By 1717, Petrovskaya Sloboda had grown into the largest settlement in Karelia, with about 3,500 inhabitants, a timber fort, a covered market, and miniature palaces of the Tsar and Menshikov. The town's best-known landmark became the wooden church of Saints Peter and Paul, rebuilt in 1772 and renovated in 1789. The church retained its original iconostasis until this relic of Peter's reign was destroyed by fire on October 30, 1924.

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Philippines
The Philippines ⁱ/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.

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Russia
Russia ⁱ/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.

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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Pre-reform Russian orthography: Россійская Имперія, Modern Russian: Российская Империя, translit: Rossiyskaya Imperiya) was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the short-lived Russian Republic, which was succeeded by the Soviet Union. It was one of the largest empires in world history, surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires: at one point in 1866, it stretched from eastern Europe across Asia and into North America.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the Russian Empire extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea on the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific Ocean and into North America on the east. With 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third largest population of the world at the time, after Qing China and the British Empire. Like all empires, it represented a large disparity in economic, ethnic and religious positions. Its government, ruled by the Emperor, was the last absolute monarchy in Europe at the time of its demise.

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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербург, tr. Sankt-Peterburg; IPA: [sankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk] ( listen)) is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. In 1914 the name of the city was changed to Petrograd (Russian: Петроград; IPA: [pʲɪtrɐˈgrat]), in 1924 to Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград; IPA: [lʲɪnʲɪnˈgrat]) and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg.
In Russian literature, informal documents, and discourse, the "Saint" (Санкт-) is usually omitted, leaving Petersburg (Петербург, Peterburg). In common parlance Russians may drop "-burg" (-бург) as well, leaving only Peter (Питер, Russian: [ˈpʲitʲɪr]).
Saint Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27 [O.S. 16] 1703. From 1713 to 1728 and from 1732 to 1918, Saint Petersburg was the Imperial capital of Russia. In 1918 the central government bodies moved from Saint Petersburg (then named Petrograd) to Moscow. It is Russia's second largest city after Moscow with almost 5 million inhabitants. Saint Petersburg is a major European cultural center, and also an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea.

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Saransk
Saransk (Russian: Сара́нск; IPA: [sɐˈransk]; Moksha: Саранош; Erzya: Саран ош) is a city in central European Russia and the capital of the Republic of Mordovia, as well as its financial and economic center. It is located in the Volga basin at the confluence of the Saranka and Insar Rivers, about 630 kilometers (390 mi) east of Moscow. Population: 297,425 (2010 Census preliminary results); 304,866 (2002 Census); 312,128 (1989 Census).
Saransk was founded in 1641 as the Russian fortress Atemar,^{[citation needed]} taking its name from a nearby Mordvin village; the fortress was, at the time, located on the southeastern frontier of Russia. The current name "Saransk" refers to the city's situation on the Saranka river. Soon after its founding, the city became an important trade center for nearby Erzya villagers. After 1708, Saransk was assigned to Azov Province, and later to Kazan Governorate. In 1780, the settlement was granted town status and was again transferred, this time to Penza Governorate.^{[citation needed]} In 1928, Saransk become the administrative center of the newly established Mordvin National Okrug which was transformed into Mordovian Autonomous Oblast in 1930. Soviet planners reconstructed the old city center in the 1960s and 1970s, adding wide streets and planning the construction of massive residential areas.

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Sibay
Sibay (Russian: Сиба́й) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the border between Europe and Asia, on the east slope of the Southern Urals, in the spurs of Irendyk, 464 kilometers (288 mi) from Ufa and 95 kilometers (59 mi) from Magnitogorsk (by rail). Population: 62,732 (2010 Census preliminary results); 59,082 (2002 Census); 47,257 (1989 Census).
Sibay was granted urban-type settlement status in 1938.^{[citation needed]} On November 21, 1955, it was granted town status.^{[citation needed]}
Administratively, along with one rural locality, it is incorporated as the town of republic significance of Sibay—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, the town of republic significance of Sibay is incorporated as Sibay Urban Okrug.
The town is served by Sibay Airport. Sibay known by his deepest open-dip mine in Russia. Copper-zinc quarry is almost 2-kilometer (1.2 mi) wide and 500-meter (1,600 ft) deep.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Sterlitamak
Sterlitamak (Russian: Стерлитама́к; Bashkir: Стәрлетамаҡ) is the second largest city in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the left bank of the Belaya River (Kama's tributary), 121 kilometers (75 mi) from Ufa. The city's name comes from the Bashkir language and literally means "mouth of the river Sterlya".^{[citation needed]} Population: 273,432 (2010 Census preliminary results); 264,362 (2002 Census); 247,457 (1989 Census).
Sterlitamak is located just south of the geographical center of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 121 kilometers (75 mi) from Ufa. Approximately 50 kilometers (31 mi) to the east of the city are the Ural Mountains; to the west the East European Plain begins. In the vicinity of Sterlitamak (inside the Belaya basin) are the Shikhan Mountains (Yurak Tau, Kush Tau, Shakh Tau, and Tra Tau), which are unique geological formations. In the area of Mount Kush Tau, there are children summer camps and "Shikhany" sanatorium; there is also a ski base on the slope of the mountain.

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Syktyvkar
Syktyvkar (Russian: Сыктывка́р; IPA: [sɨktɨfˈkar]; Komi: Сыктывкар) is the capital city of the Komi Republic, Russia. Population: 235,006 (2010 Census preliminary results); 230,011 (2002 Census); 232,117 (1989 Census).
The city's current name comes from Syktyv, the Komi name for the same river, plus kar, meaning "city".
Syktyvkar is located on the Sysola River, which is the origin of its former name Ust-Sysolsk. The city is located near to the point where the Sysola joins the larger Vychegda River, which is itself a branch of the Northern Dvina.
It is believed that there has been a settlement at the city's present site since at least the 16th century.^{[citation needed]} It was granted city status by Catherine the Great in 1780, and later became the administrative center of Komi Autonomous Oblast.^{[citation needed]} It has retained its position as the Komi capital since that point, although a large influx of ethnic Russians in the 20th century has actually left the Komi in a minority there.
The majority of the population were merchants and peasants. The main occupations of the inhabitants were agriculture, cattle-breeding, hunting, fishing, and trade.

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Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia (also known as Tsardom of Muscovy; officially Русское царство (Tsardom of Rus') or, in hellenized form, Российское царство) was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 until Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.
From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km² (Holland's size) a year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, drawn-out military conflict with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as well as the Russian conquest of Siberia, leading up to the 42-year reign of Peter the Great, who ascended in 1682 and transformed the Tsardom into a major European power, after a military victory over Sweden and Poland implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire (Российская Империя) in 1721 making it a recognized European power.
While Ivan assumed the title of "Tsar and Grand Duke of the entire Rus'" (Царь и Великий князь всея Руси), officially renaming the Grand Duchy of Moscow to Tsardom of Russia, the state remained partly referred to as Muscovy (Moscovia) throughout Europe, predominantly in its Catholic part. The two names "Russia" and "Muscovy" appear to have co-existed as interchangeable during the later 16th and throughout the 17th century with different maps and sources using different names.

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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.

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Tuymazy
Tuymazy (Russian: Туймазы́) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located 145 kilometers (90 mi) from Ufa. Population: 66,849 (2010 Census preliminary results); 66,687 (2002 Census); 57,887 (1989 Census).
It was founded in 1912 as a railway station and was granted town status in 1960.^{[citation needed]}
Tuymazy serves as the administrative center of Tuymazinsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Tuymazy is incorporated within Tuymazinsk Municipal District as Tuymazy Urban Settlement.
According to the 2002 Census, ethnic composition of the town was:^{[citation needed]}
vep:Tuimazi

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Ufa
Ufa (Russian: Уфа́; IPA: [ʊˈfa]; Bashkir: Өфө) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic. Population: 1,062,300 (2010 Census preliminary results); 1,042,437 (2002 Census); 1,082,052 (1989 Census).
The newspaper English Russia and the President of Bashkortostan coined Ufa as the Muslim centre of Russia.
The city began as a fortress built on the orders of Ivan the Terrible in 1574, and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau. It was granted town status in 1586.
In the 18th century Ufa evolved into an administrative, trading, manufacturing and cultural center of Russia. Ufa Municipal Public Bank was established on December 15, 1876.
In 1918, Ufa was the residence of the Provisional All-Russian Government.
On June 14, 1922, the Decree of the All-Union Central Executive Committee abolished Ufa Governorate, and Ufa became the capital of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Ufa Arena
The Ufa Arena is a 7,950-seat multi-purpose arena in Ufa, Russia that opened in 2007. It has replaced Ice Palace Salavat Yulaev as the home of Kontinental Hockey League ice hockey team, Salavat Yulaev Ufa.
The first events in the arena were the first two games of the 2007 Super Series, a hockey series between Canada and Russia juniors. There were issues during the game in which fog was building up over the ice surface during the game, as the ice had been chilled but the air conditioning was not yet functional because the building was incomplete at the time.
The arena is scheduled to be the primary venue for the 2013 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, which will be played in the last week of December 2012 and the first week of January 2013.
Coordinates: 54°44′21″N 55°57′26″E / 54.73917°N 55.95722°E / 54.73917; 55.95722

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Ufa River
Ufa River (Russian: Уфа, Bashkir: Ҡариҙел, Qaridhel, literally The Black Idel) is a river in the Urals, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, and the Republic of Bashkortostan; a tributary of the Belaya River. It is 918 km in length. The area of the basin is 53,100 km². It freezes up between late October and early December and stays under the ice until April–May. Pavlovka Hydroelectric Station is situated on the Ufa River. Its water is widely used for water supply. Main ports are Krasnoufimsk and Ufa (at the mouth of the river).
Coordinates: 54°40′41″N 55°59′26″E / 54.67806°N 55.99056°E / 54.67806; 55.99056

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Ufa train disaster
Coordinates: 54°56′38″N 57°5′10″E / 54.94389°N 57.08611°E / 54.94389; 57.08611
The Ufa train disaster was an explosion on the Kuybyshev Railway on June 4, 1989 at 1:15 (local time) in the Soviet Union, about 50 kilometers from the city of Ufa. It was the most deadly railway accident in Soviet history.
The explosion occurred when a leaking natural gas liquids (mainly propane and butane) pipeline created a highly flammable cloud that was ignited by sparks created by two passenger trains passing each other nearby. Both trains were carrying many children: one was returning from a holiday vacation on the Black Sea and the other was taking children there. Estimates of the size of the explosion have ranged from 250-300 tons of TNT equivalent up to 10,000 tons of TNT equivalent. According to official figures, 575 people died and more than 800 were injured. The exact location was near the town of Asha.
Three hours before the explosion, pipeline engineers noticed a drop in pressure, but they increased the pressure back to normal instead of checking for leaks.

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Ural Mountains
The Ural Mountains (Bashkir: Урал тауҙары, Russian: Ура́льские го́ры, Uralskiye gory, or simply the Urals, are a mountain range that runs approximately from north to south through western Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the Ural River and northwestern Kazakhstan. Their eastern side is usually considered the natural boundary between Europe and Asia. Vaygach Island and the islands of Novaya Zemlya form a further continuation of the chain to the north into the Arctic.
The mountains lie within the Ural geographical region and significantly overlap with the Ural Federal District and Ural economic region. They are rich in various deposits, including metal ores, coal, precious and semi-precious stones, and since the 18th century have been the major mineral base of Russia.
As attested by Sigismund von Herberstein, in the 16th century Russians called the range by a variety of names derived from the Russian words for rock (stone) and belt. The modern Russian name for the Urals (Урал, Ural), first appearing in the 16th-17th century when the Russian expansion into Siberia was in its heroic phase, was initially applied to its southern parts and gained currency as the name of the entire range during the 18th century. It might be a borrowing from either Turkic (Bashkir, where the same name is used for the range), or Ob-Ugric. From the 13th century, in Bashkortostan there has been a legend about a hero named Ural. He sacrificed his life for the sake of his people and they poured a stone pile over his grave which later turned into the Ural Mountains.

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Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan ⁱ/ʊzˌbɛkɨˈstɑːn/, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi, Ўзбекистон Республикаси) is the only doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of only two such countries worldwide. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south. Before 1991, it was part of the Soviet Union.
Uzbekistan is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia.
Once part of the Persian Samanid and later Timurid empires, the region was conquered in the early 16th century by Uzbek nomads, who spoke an Eastern Turkic language. Most of Uzbekistan’s population today belong to the Uzbek ethnic group and speak the Uzbek language, one of the family of Turkic languages.
Uzbekistan was incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century, and in 1924 became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). It became independent on 31 August 1991 (officially, from the following day).

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Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (Russian: Вели́кий Но́вгород; IPA: [vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət]) is one of the most important historic cities in Russia which serves as the administrative center of Novgorod Oblast. It is situated on the M10 federal highway connecting Moscow and St. Petersburg. The city lies along the Volkhov River just downstream from its outflow from Lake Ilmen. Population: 218,724 (2010 Census preliminary results); 216,856 (2002 Census); 229,126 (1989 Census).
Novgorod is among the oldest cities of Russia, founded in the 9th or 10th century. The Sofia First Chronicle first mentions it in 859; the Novgorod First Chronicle mentions it first under the year 862 when it was allegedly already a major station on the trade route from the Baltics to Byzantium.^{[citation needed]}
Archaeological excavations in the middle to late 20th century, however, have found cultural layers dating back only to the late 10th century, the time of the Christianization of Rus' and a century after it was allegedly founded, suggesting that the chronicle entries mentioning Novgorod in the 850s or 860s are later interpolations.

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Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz (Russian: Владикавкáз; IPA: [vlədʲɪkɐfˈkas], lit. ruler of the Caucasus; Ossetic: Дзæуджыхъæу, Dzæwdžyqæw, lit. Dzaug's settlement) is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania in southern Russia. It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains, situated on the Terek River. Population: 311,635 (2010 Census preliminary results); 315,068 (2002 Census); 300,198 (1989 Census). Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous cities in the North Caucasus.
The city is an industrial and transportation center. Manufactures include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals, clothing, and food products.
The city was founded in 1784 as a fortress during the Russian conquest of the Caucasus and was for many years the main Russian military base in the region. The Georgian Military Highway, crossing the mountains, was constructed in 1799 to link the city with Georgia to the south, and in 1875 a railway was built to connect it to Rostov-on-Don and Baku in Azerbaijan. Vladikavkaz has become an important industrial center for the region, with smelting, refining, chemicals and manufacturing industries.

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Vladimir
Vladimir (Russian: Влади́мир; IPA: [vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr]) is a city and the administrative center of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, located on the Klyazma River, 200 kilometers (120 mi) to the east of Moscow along the M7 motorway. Population: 345,598 (2010 Census preliminary results); 315,954 (2002 Census); 349,702 (1989 Census).
Vladimir was one of the medieval capitals of Russia, and two of its cathedrals are a World Heritage Site. It is served by the Semyazino Airport, and during the Cold War Vladimir was host to Dobrynskoye air base.
The area occupied by the city of Vladimir has been inhabited by humans (at least intermittently) for approximately 25,000 years (see Sungir). Traditionally, the founding date of Vladimir has been acknowledged as 1108, as the first mention of Vladimir in the Primary Chronicle appears under that year. This view attributes the founding of the city, and its name, to Vladimir Monomakh, who inherited the region as part of the Rostov-Suzdal Principality in 1093. In 1958, the 850th anniversary of the city foundation was celebrated, with many monuments from the celebrations adorning the city squares.

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Yakutsk
Yakutsk (Russian: Яку́тск; IPA: [jɪˈkutsk]; Sakha: Дьокуускай, pronounced [ɟokuːskaj]) is the capital city of the Sakha Republic, Russia, located about 450 kilometers (280 mi) south of the Arctic Circle. Population: 269,486 (2010 Census preliminary results); 210,642 (2002 Census); 186,626 (1989 Census).
Yakutsk is a major port on the Lena River. It is served by Yakutsk Airport as well as the smaller Magan Airport. It is a major supplier of diamonds.
Yakutsk was founded as an ostrog (fort) by Pyotr Beketov in 1632.^{[citation needed]} In 1639, it became the center of a voyevodstvo. The Yakutsk Voyevodstvo quickly became the most important Russian official in the region and directed expansion to the east and south. Yakutsk did not grow into a city until the discovery of large reserves of gold and other minerals in the 1880s and 1890s. These reserves were developed extensively during industrialization under Stalin. The rapid growth of forced labor camps in Siberia was also a major factor encouraging Yakutsk's development.

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Yanaul
Yanaul (Russian: Янаул; Bashkir: Яңауыл) is a town in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia, located on the Yanaulka River, 230 kilometers (140 mi) north of Ufa. Population: 26,988 (2010 Census preliminary results); 27,909 (2002 Census); 25,727 (1989 Census).
A settlement in place of the modern town has been known to exist since the first half of the 18th century.^{[citation needed]} It was granted town status in 1991.^{[citation needed]}
Yanaul serves as the administrative center of Yanaulsky District, although it is not administratively a part of it. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.Municipally, Yanaul is incorporated within Yanaulsky Municipal District as Yanaul Urban Settlement.
vep:Janaul

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Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl (Russian: Яросла́вль; IPA: [jɪrɐˈslavlʲ]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160 mi) northeast of Moscow. The historic part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities northeast of Moscow that has played an important role in Russian history. Population: 591,486 (2010 Census preliminary results); 613,088 (2002 Census); 632,991 (1989 Census).
The city lies in the eastern portion of Yaroslavl Oblast. The nearest large towns are Tutayev (34 kilometers or 21 miles to the northwest), Gavrilov-Yam (37 kilometers or 23 miles to the south), and Nerekhta (47 kilometers or 29 miles to the southeast). The historic center of Yaroslavl lies to the north of the mouth of the Kotorosl River on the right bank of the larger Volga River. The city's entire urban area covers around 205 square kilometers (79 sq mi)^{[citation needed]} and includes a number of territories south of the Kotorosl and on the left bank of the Volga. With over 600,000 residents, Yaroslavl is, by population, the largest town on the Volga until it reaches Nizhny Novgorod. It is a large transport node, and a great number of important national and regional roads, railways, and waterways pass through the city. In fact many of the roads that connect Yaroslavl to Moscow and beyond are two-lane highways.

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Yekaterinburg
Yekaterinburg (Russian: Екатеринбу́рг; IPA: [jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk], also romanized Ekaterinburg) is the fourth-largest city in Russia with a population of 1,398,889 (2012). Yekaterinburg is situated in the middle of the Eurasian continent, on the border of Europe and Asia.
Yekaterinburg is the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast and the main industrial and cultural center of the Ural Federal District. Between 1924 and 1991, the city was named Sverdlovsk (Свердло́вск) after the Communist party leader Yakov Sverdlov.
Internationally Yekaterinburg is best known as a city where the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed in 1918.
The city was founded in 1723 by Vasily Tatischev and Georg Wilhelm de Gennin and named after Tsar Peter the Great's wife Catherine I (Yekaterina). The official date of the city's foundation is November 18, 1723. It was granted town status in 1796.
Soon after the Russian Revolution, on July 17, 1918, Tsar Nicholas II, his wife, Alexandra, and their children Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Tsarevich Alexei were murdered by the Bolsheviks at the Ipatiev House in this city. Other members of the Romanov family were killed at Alapayevsk the day after. In 1977, the Ipatiev House was demolished by order of Boris Yeltsin, to prevent it from being used as a rallying location for monarchists. He later became the first President of Russia and represented the people at the funeral of the Tsar in 1998.

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Alexander Semak
Alexander Vladimirovich Semak (born February 11, 1966 in Ufa, Soviet Union) is a retired professional ice hockey centre who played ten seasons in the Soviet League between 1982 and 1992 for Salavat Yulaev Ufa and HC Dynamo Moscow before moving to North America where he played six National Hockey League seasons from 1991–92 until 1996–97. He played for the New Jersey Devils, New York Islanders, Tampa Bay Lightning and Vancouver Canucks.
Semak was drafted 207th overall by the New Jersey Devils in the 1988 NHL Entry Draft. He played 289 career NHL games, scoring 83 goals and 91 assists for 174 points. His best offensive season was the 1992–93 NHL season when he scored 37 goals and 42 assists for 79 points, all career-highs.

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Anatoli Efimoff
The artist Anatole Alexandrovich Efimoff, Anatolii Aleksandrovich Efimov 1897 - 1981, was born November 21, 1897 to well-to-do parents in the Russian city of Ufa in the Urals. Anatole’s artistic and musical talents were recognized at a young age, and in 1906 he entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Anatole spoke of his training under the guidance of Klavdy Lebedev as being intense and full-time, except for short holidays spent visiting his family. His first two years of study focused solely on drawing, forming a solid basis for the paintings of historical buildings he completed later in life. His study was in the style of traditional, realistic art. Upon his graduation in 1914, Anatole was deemed to have mastered all media and was awarded the title “master artist”.
Immediately after graduation , Anatole joined his father and older brother serving in the Czar's Imperial Cavalry. The Bolshevik uprising and the assassination of the Czar in 1918 brought an abrupt end to his privileged life in Russia. His father and brother were killed in battle and his mother died in a Bolshevik prison. In the winter of 1918, Anatole and what remained of his cavalry unit left Russia on a four month trek through Siberia to Harbin, Manchuria, which was then a part of China.

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Andrei Zubarev
Andrey Zubarev (born March 3, 1987) is a Russian professional ice hockey player currently playing for Atlant Moscow Oblast of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He previously played in 4 games in the National Hockey League (NHL) with the Atlanta Thrashers during the 2010–11 season.
Zubarev was drafted 187th overall in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft by the Atlanta Thrashers. Unsigned from the Thrashers, Zubarev played in the defunct Russian Super League with Ak Bars Kazan and Salavat Yulaev Ufa. He joined Atlant Moscow Oblast for the inaugural season of the KHL. On August 24, 2010 he signed a two-year, $625,000 contract with the Atlanta Thrashers.

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Andrei Zyuzin
Andrei Yurievich Zyuzin (Russian: Андрей Зюзин; born January 21, 1978) is a Russian professional ice hockey player currently playing for EC KAC of the Austrian Hockey League (EBEL). He formerly played for six different teams in the National Hockey League (NHL).
Zyuzin was drafted 2nd overall by the San Jose Sharks in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. Zyuzin has played 415 career NHL games, scoring 35 goals and 74 assists for 109 points. He was signed as an unrestricted free agent by the Calgary Flames on July 1, 2006. On February 4, 2007 in the Calgary Flames skill competition he had the hardest shot at 99.3 mph.^{[citation needed]} Zyuzin scored one of the biggest goals in the history of the San Jose Sharks when he took a slapshot from the point to beat Ed Belfour and helped the Sharks take Game 4 in the 1997–1998 Western Conference quarterfinals against the Dallas Stars. Zyuzin scored the goal 6:31 into the overtime period and led the Sharks to a 1–0 win.
On June 22, 2007, Andrei Zyuzin was traded to the Chicago Blackhawks along with Steve Marr for defenceman Adrian Aucoin and the Blackhawks' seventh round pick in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft.

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Armenians
Armenian people or Armenians (Armenian: հայեր, Armenian pronunciation: [hɑˈjɛɾ]) are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.
The largest concentration is in Armenia, having a nearly homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian. Because of wide-ranging and long-lasting diaspora, an estimated total of 3 million people of full or partial Armenian ancestry live outside of Armenia. As a result of the Armenian Genocide, a large number of survivors fled to many countries throughout the world, most notably the Russian Empire, the Near East, the United States, France, Iran, Georgia and other parts of Europe (see Armenian diaspora).
Christianity began to spread in Armenia soon after Jesus's death, due to the efforts of two of his apostles, St. Thaddeus and St. Bartholomew In the early 4th century, the Kingdom of Armenia became the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion. Most Armenians adhere to the Armenian Apostolic Church, a non-Chalcedonian church, which is also the world's oldest national church.

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Bashkirs
The Bashkirs (Bashkir: Башҡорттар, Başqorttar) are a Turkic people indigenous to Bashkortostan extending on both parts of the Ural mountains, on the place where Europe meets Asia. Groups of Bashkirs also live in the republic of Tatarstan, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Tyumen, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Samara and Saratov Oblasts of Russia, as well as in Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan and other countries. They speak the Kypchak-based Bashkir language. The Bashkirs are Sunni Muslims of the Hanafi madhhab.
There is no universally accepted etymology of the word "Bashqort". Several suggested theories are:
The Bashkirs as a Kipchak group form in the early medieval period in the context of the Turkic migrations. Besides their Turkic ancestry,Ugrian and Iranian contributions have also been discussed in Russian ethnographic literature. Genetically, R1b1a1 (2011 name) has been found to occur with comparatively high frequency among the Bashkirs in Bashkortostan (62/471 = 13.2%). Accordance with all paleontological and anthropological findings presume the roots of the Bashkir people likely to the Andronovo culture.

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Belarusians
Belarusians (Belarusian: беларусы, biełarusy, Russian: белорусы, byelorusy) are an East Slavic ethnic group who populate the majority of the Republic of Belarus. There are over 8 million people who associate themselves with the Belarusian nationality today.
Belarusians also form minorities in neighboring Poland (especially in the Podlaskie Voivodeship), Russia and Lithuania. At the beginning of 20th century Belarusians constituted a majority in the regions around Smolensk.^{[citation needed]}
Noticeable numbers have emigrated to the United States, Brazil and Canada in the early 20th century. During Soviet times, many Belarusians were deported or migrated to various regions of the USSR, including Siberia, Kazakhstan and Ukraine.
Since the breakup of the USSR several hundred thousand have emigrated to the European Union, United States, Canada and Russia.
The most spoken language in Belarus is Russian, principally spoken by 72% of the population, while the other official language, Belarusian, is only used by 11.9% in every day life. Statistical data shows that Belarusian is fluently communicated, read and written by 29.4%, while 52.5% of the population can communicate and read in Belarusian. Belarusian is a language of the Eastern Slavic group.

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Boris Kolker
Boris Grigorevich Kolker (Russian: Борис Григорьевич Колкер) (born July 15, 1939 in Tiraspol, Moldova, Soviet Union) is a language teacher, translator and advocate of the international language Esperanto. He was until 1993 a Soviet and Russian citizen and since then has been a resident and citizen of the United States residing in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1985 he was awarded a Ph.D. in linguistics from the Institute of Linguistics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow.
Dr. Kolker learned Esperanto in 1957 and is the author of articles on interlinguistics, book reviews and three famous Esperanto textbooks for students of different levels. Due to the great popularity of his book Vojaĝo en Esperanto-lando eo:Vojaĝo en Esperanto-lando (Travels in Esperanto-Land), which is both a proficiency course in Esperanto and a guidebook to Esperanto culture, he is known to many as a guide to Esperanto-Land.
Kolker is a member of the Academy of Esperanto, an honorary member of the World Esperanto Association (Universala Esperanto Asocio), and an associate editor of the monthly magazine Monato. For two decades he headed a large-scale Esperanto correspondence course in Russia that graduated around 900 students. He also taught Esperanto at American universities in San Francisco and Hartford.

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Chuvash people
The Chuvash people (Chuvash: Чăвашсем; Russian: Чуваши) are a Turkic ethnic group, native to an area stretching from the Volga Region to Siberia. Most of them live in Republic of Chuvashia and surrounding areas, although Chuvash communities may be found throughout all Russia.
There is no universally accepted etymology of the word Chuvash. However, there are two main theories that try to explain it.
According to one theory, "Chuvash" is a Shaz-Turkic adaptation of Lir-Turkic Suvar, an ethnonym of people that are widely considered to be the ancestors of modern Chuvashes. Compare Lir-Turkic Chuvash: huran to Shaz-Turkic Tatar: qazan (cauldron).
Another theory suggests that the word "Chuvash" may be derived from Common Turkic jăvaš ("friendly", "peaceful") as opposed to şarmăs ("warlike").
There are rival schools of thought on the origin of Chuvash people. One is that they originated from a mixing between the Turkic Suar and Sabir tribes of Volga Bulgaria with local Mari tribes and also the Finno-Ugrian population of the Volga Basin. Another is that the Chuvash are a remainder of the pre-Volga Bulgar population of the Volga region, merged with Scythians, Volga Bulgars and Mari.

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Ernst Muldashev
Ernst Rifgatovich Muldashev Russian: Эрнст Рифгатович Мулдашев; Bashkir: Эрнст Рифғәт улы Мулдашев; born 1948 in Verkhne-Sermenevo village, Beloretsky District, Bashkortostan) is a Bashkortostan doctor, Tibet explorer, from the city of Ufa. Some of his controversial publications were inspired by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. He is associated with alloplants which he claimed to have successfully used in combination with harvested tissue to partially restore partial to a blind Ukrainian woman.
Muldashev Ernst Rifgatovich, DMS, professor, Director of the Russian Eye and Plastic Surgery Center (Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia), higher category surgeon, honorable consultant of the Louisville University (USA), member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, certificated ophthalmologist of Mexico, member of the International Academy of Science, three times Champion of the USSR in sport tourism.
Muldashev is the inventor of the surgical biomaterial «Alloplant» [1]. Using the Alloplant biomaterials, the Center treats patients who earlier were thought to be incurable (optic nerve atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa etc.). The Alloplant invention opened up new opportunities for the development of regenerative surgery — a surgery, oriented to the «growth» of the human tissues.

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Germans
The Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages. Legally, Germans are citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, about 66–75 million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Argentina, France, Russia, Chile, Poland, Australia and Romania who most likely are not native speakers of German. Thus, the total number of Germans worldwide lies between 66 and 160 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).
Today, peoples from countries with a German-speaking majority or significant German-speaking population groups other than Germany, such as Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Luxembourg, have developed their own national identity and usually do not refer to themselves as "Germans" in a modern context.

wn.com/Germans
Igor Kravchuk
Igor Aleksandrovich Kravchuk (Russian: Игорь Александрович Кравчук; born September 13, 1966) is a Russian former ice hockey defenceman, who spent several seasons in the National Hockey League and also competed internationally for the USSR and Russia.
Kravchuk started his NHL career in 1992 with the Chicago Blackhawks, who drafted him 71st overall in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft. He would also spend time with the Edmonton Oilers, St. Louis Blues, Ottawa Senators, Calgary Flames and Florida Panthers. In all, Kravchuk played in 699 regular season games, scoring 64 goals and 210 assists for 274 points, collecting 251 penalty minutes. He also played in 51 playoff games, scoring 6 goals and 15 assists for 21 points, collecting 18 penalty minutes. Kravchuk was also a member of the Unified Team that won the gold medal at the 1992 Winter Olympics.
Two days after his 21st birthday Kravchuk was the lone defenceman facing a 3 on 1 in the final game of the 1987 Canada Cup. Mario Lemieux, Wayne Gretzky, and Larry Murphy skated in on goaltender Sergei Mylnikov and Lemieux scored the game and series winning goal at 18:34 of the third period.

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Ildar Abdrazakov
Ildar Abdrazakov (pronounced ahb-drah-ZAH-koff ) (born 26 September 1976 in Ufa, Russian Federation) is a Grammy Award-winning operatic bass singer. He made his La Scala debut in 2001 at age 25 and now appears regularly with the Metropolitan Opera, the Royal Opera House at Covent Garden, and Vienna State Opera, among others. As a concert artist, he has performed at London’s BBC Proms, at Carnegie Hall, and with the Chicago Symphony and Vienna Philharmonic. Since 2007, Abdrazakov has been an ambassador for the Zegna & Music project, a philanthropic initiative founded in 1997 by Ermenegildo Zegna, to promote music and its values.

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Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV Vasilyevich (Russian: Ива́н Четвёртый, Васи́льевич (help·info), Ivan Chetvyorty, Vasilyevich; 25 August 1530 – 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1584), known in English as Ivan the Terrible (Russian: Ива́н Гро́зный (help·info), Ivan Grozny; lit. Fearsome), was Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 until his death. His long reign saw the conquest of the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia, transforming Russia into a multiethnic and multiconfessional state spanning almost one billion acres, approximately 4,046,856 km² (1,562,500 sq mi). Ivan managed countless changes in the progression from a medieval state to an empire and emerging regional power, and became the first ruler to be crowned as Tsar of all Russia.
Historic sources present disparate accounts of Ivan's complex personality: he was described as intelligent and devout, yet given to rages and prone to episodic outbreaks of mental illness. On one such outburst Tsar beat and unpremeditatedly killed his groomed and chosen heir Ivan Ivanovich. This led Tsardom to be passed to Tsar's younger son: the weak and intellectually disabled Feodor I of Russia. Ivan's legacy is complex: he was an able diplomat, a patron of arts and trade, founder of the Russia's first Print Yard, but he is also remembered for his paranoiac suspiciousness and cruel persecution of nobility.

wn.com/Ivan_the_Terrible
Jews
The Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים‎‎ ISO 259-3 Yhudim Israeli pronunciation [jehuˈdim]), also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and an ethnoreligious group, originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation.Converts to Judaism, whose status as Jews within the Jewish ethnos is equal to those born into it, have been absorbed into the Jewish people throughout the millennia.
In Jewish tradition, Jewish ancestry is traced to the Biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the second millennium BCE. The modern State of Israel defines itself as a Jewish state in its Basic Laws, and Israel's Law of Return states: "Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an oleh." Israel is the only country where Jews are a majority of the population. Jews achieved political autonomy twice before in ancient history. The first of these periods lasted from 1350 to 586 BCE, and encompassed the periods of the Judges, the United Monarchy, and the Divided Monarchy of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, ending with the destruction of the First Temple. The second was the period of the Hasmonean Kingdom spanning from 140 to 37 BCE. Since the destruction of the First Temple, most Jews have lived in diaspora. A minority in every country in which they live (except Israel), they have frequently experienced persecution throughout history, resulting in a population that has fluctuated both in numbers and distribution over the centuries.

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Mari people
The Mari (Russian: черемисы (old name), марийцы (modern name)), are a Volga-Finnic people who have traditionally lived along the Volga and Kama rivers in Russia. The majority of Maris today live in the Mari El Republic, with significant populations in the Tatarstan and Bashkortostan republics. In the past, the Mari have also been known as the Cheremis in Russian and the Çirmeş in Tatar.
The Mari people consists of three different groups: the Meadow Mari, who live along the left bank of the Volga, the Mountain Mari, who live along the right bank of the Volga, and Eastern Mari, who live in the Bashkortostan republic. In the 2002 Russian census, 604,298 people identified themselves as "Mari," with 18,515 of those specifying that they were Mountain Mari and 56,119 as Eastern Mari. Almost 60% of Mari lived in rural areas.
The Mari have their own language, also called Mari, which is a member of the Uralic language family. It is written with a modified version of the Cyrillic alphabet. Linguists today distinguish four different dialects, which are not all mutually intelligible: Hill Mari (мары йӹлмӹ), concentrated mainly along the right Volga bank; Meadow Mari (марий йылме), spoken in the lowland regions of the Kokshaga and Volga rivers, which includes the city of Yoshkar-Ola; Eastern Mari, spoken east of the Vyatka River; and North-Western Mari.

wn.com/Mari_people
Mikhail Nesterov
Mikhail Vasilyevich Nesterov (Russian: Михаи́л Васи́льевич Не́стеров; May 31 [O.S. May 19] 1862, Ufa – 18 October 1942, Moscow) was a major representative of religious Symbolism in Russian art. He was a pupil of Pavel Tchistyakov at the Imperial Academy of Arts, but later allied himself with the group of artists known as the Peredvizhniki. His canvas The Vision of the Youth Bartholomew (1890–91), depicting the conversion of medieval Russian saint Sergii Radonezhsky, is often considered to be the earliest example of the Russian Symbolist style.
From 1890 to 1910, Nesterov lived in Kiev and St Petersburg, working on frescoes in St. Vladimir's Cathedral and the Church on Spilt Blood, respectively. After 1910, he spent the remainder of his life in Moscow, working in the Marfo-Mariinsky Convent. As a devout Orthodox Christian, he did not accept the Bolshevik Revolution but remained in Russia until his death, painting the portraits of Ivan Ilyin, Ivan Pavlov, Ksenia Derzhinskaia, Otto Schmidt, and Vera Mukhina, among others.

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Rudolf Nureyev
Rudolf Khametovich Nureyev (Bashkir: Рудольф Хәмит улы Нуриев, Tatar: Rudolf Xämit ulı Nuriev, Russian: Рудо́льф Хаме́тович Нуре́ев) (17 March 1938 – 6 January 1993) was a ballet dancer, one of the most celebrated of the 20th century. Nureyev's artistic skills explored expressive areas of the dance, providing a new role to the male ballet dancer who once served only as support to the women.
Originally a Soviet citizen, Nureyev defected to the West in 1961, despite KGB efforts to stop him. According to KGB archives studied by Peter Watson, Nikita Khrushchev personally signed an order to have Nureyev killed.
Nureyev was born on a Trans-Siberian train near Irkutsk, Siberia, Soviet Union, while his mother Feride was travelling to Vladivostok, where his father Hamit, a Red Army political commissar, was stationed. He was raised as the only son in a Bashkir-Tatar family in a village near Ufa in Soviet republic of Bashkortostan. When his mother took him and his sisters into a performance of the ballet "Song of the Cranes", he fell in love with dance. As a child he was encouraged to dance in Bashkir folk performances and his precocity was soon noticed by teachers who encouraged him to train in Leningrad. On a tour stop in Moscow with a local ballet company, Nureyev auditioned for the Bolshoi ballet company and was accepted. However, he felt that the Kirov Ballet school was the best, so he left the local touring company and bought a ticket to Leningrad.

wn.com/Rudolf_Nureyev
Russians
The Russian people (Russian: русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.
The English term Russians is also used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity; the demonym Russian is translated into Russian as rossiyanin (россиянин, plural rossiyane), while the ethnic Russians are referred to as russkiye (sg. русский, russkiy).
According to the 2010 census, ethnic Russians make up about 81% of the population of Russia.
The modern Russian is formed from two groups, Northern and Southern, which were made up of Kriviches, Ilmen Slavs, Radimichs, Vyatiches and Severians East Slavic tribes. Genetic studies show that modern Russians do not differ significantly from Poles or Slovenians or Ukrainians. Some ethnographers, like Zelenin, affirm that Russians are more similar to Belarusians and Ukrainians than southern Russians to northern Russians. Russians in northern European Russia share moderate genetic similarities with Uralic peoples, who lived in modern north central European Russia and were partly assimilated by the Slavs as the Slavs migrated northeastwards. Among those peoples were Merya and Muromian.

wn.com/Russians
Salawat Yulayev
Salawat Yulayev (Bashkir: Салауат Юлаев; Russian: Салават Юлаев; 16 June 1754, Tekeyevo (Bashkortostan), Shaytan-Kudeevsky volost, Ufa province, Orenburg Governorate, Russia – 26 September 1800, Paldiski) is a Bashkir national hero who participated in Pugachev's rebellion.
Salawat Yulayev was born in the village of Tekeyevo, in Shaytan-Kudeevsky volost of Ufa province of Orenburg Governorate (now Salavatsky District) of Bashkortostan. Tekeyevo no longer exists, as it was burned in 1775.
Salawat Yulayev was at the head of all revolted Bashkortostan from the very beginning of the country war of 1773-1775. He was seized by imperial authorities on November, 24th, 1774, and his father, Yulay Aznalin, was captured even earlier. Put into irons, they were sent to Moscow. Yulay Aznalin was a votchinnik (holder of patrimonial estate), a rich, intelligent and influential man. He was held in general respect among Bashkirs and was a Bauermeister (district foreman). The local authorities gave credence to him; his fidelity to Russian government could not be doubted.

wn.com/Salawat_Yulayev
Sergey Aksakov
Sergey Timofeyevich Aksakov (Russian: Серге́й Тимофе́евич Акса́ков) (October 1 [O.S. September 20] 1791—May 12 [O.S. April 30] 1859) was a 19th-century Russian literary figure remembered for his semi-autobiographical tales of family life, as well as his books on hunting and fishing.
According to the Velvet Book of Russian genealogy, the Aksakovs trace their male line to Šimon, a Varangian nephew of Haakon the Old, who settled in Novgorod in 1027. Sergey was born in Ufa and brought up there and in the family estate at Novo-Aksakovka in Orenburg guberniya, where he acquired a lifelong love of nature. He was also introduced to literature by his mother at an early age, and became especially fond of Kheraskov's Rossiada and the tragedies of Sumarokov.
He was educated at the Kazan Gymnasium and then, in 1805 (in the first year after its founding), at Kazan University, though he himself said he was ill prepared for a university education (and some of the professors, brought from abroad, taught in foreign languages). He was also distracted by his obsessive interest in the theater.

wn.com/Sergey_Aksakov
Tatars
Tatars (Tatar: Tatarlar / Татарлар, sometimes spelled Tartars) are a Turkic people, numbering around 7 million. The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of 5.5 million, 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan, 1 million in the republic of Bashkortostan and other 2.5 million in different regions of Russia. Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine.
The Tatars originated with the Tatar confederation in the north-eastern Gobi desert in the 5th century. After subjugation in the 9th century by the Khitans, they migrated southward. In the 13th century Mongol Empire, they were subjugated under Genghis Khan and reassigned once again particularly by his son Jochi. Under the leadership of his grandson Batu Khan, they moved westwards, forming part of the Golden Horde which dominated the Eurasian steppe during the 14th and 15th centuries. In Europe, they were assimilated by the local populations or their name spread to the conquered peoples: Kipchaks, Kimaks and others; and elsewhere with Uralic-speaking peoples, as well as with remnants of the ancient Greek colonies in the Crimea and Caucasians in the Caucasus.

wn.com/Tatars
Ukrainians
Ukrainians (Ukrainian: Українці, Ukrayintsi, [ukrɑˈjinʲtsʲi]) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens. According to some dictionary definitions, a descriptive name for the "inhabitants of Ukraine" is Ukrainian or Ukrainian people.Russians and Belarusians are considered the closest relatives of Ukrainians, while Rusyns are either considered another closely related group, or an ethnic subgroup of Ukrainians.
Ethnonym Ukrainians became widely accepted only in the 20th century, so modern Ukrainians identify their ancestry with differently named historical Slavic groups, who are often called Ukrainians too, in retrospect. The oldest recorded ethnonyms used for Ukrainian ancestors are Rusy, Rusyny, and Rusychi (from term Rus'). From the 9th to 12th centuries those names applied to the population of Kievan Rus', as the united state of Rusy is restrospectively called. Similar names were adopted by the proto-Russian and proto-Belarusian inhabitants of the northern principalities of Rus', reflecting the common origin of all those East Slavic peoples.

wn.com/Ukrainians
Valerian Albanov
Valerian Ivanovich Albanov (Russian: Валериан Иванович Альбанов) (1881 - 1919) was a Russian navigator, best known for being one of only two survivors of the ill-fated Brusilov Expedition of 1912.
Albanov was born in 1881 in Voronezh and was raised by his uncle in the city of Ufa. At the age of seventeen he entered the Naval College at Saint Petersburg, from which he graduated in 1904. He served on board a number of ships before signing on as navigator aboard the Saint Anna under Georgy Brusilov for an expedition intended to traverse the Northeast Passage (a feat which had only been successfully performed once before, by the Finnish explorer Nordenskiöld). The expedition was ill-planned and ill-executed by Captain Brusilov, and the Saint Anna became locked in the polar ice of the Kara Sea in October 1912. Supplies were abundant, so officers and crew prepared themselves for wintering, hoping to be freed in the following year's thaw.
However, during 1913 the sea remained completely frozen. By early 1914 the ship had drifted with the ice NW of Franz Josef Land and did not seem likely to be freed that year either. Albanov, believing that their position was hopeless, requested permission from Captain Brusilov to be relieved from his duties as second-in-command in order to leave the ship and attempt to return to civilization on foot. Albanov's aim was to reach Hvidtenland, the northeastermost island group of Franz Josef Land. He used Fridtjof Nansen's inaccurate map, full of dotted lines where the archipelago was still unexplored.

wn.com/Valerian_Albanov
Vera Timanova
Vera Viktorovna Timanova (18 February 1855 – 22 February 1942) was a Russian pianist.
Vera Timanova was born into a well-to-do family in Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia, where she spent her childhood. She showed musical aptitude at an early age, and at age six began taking piano instruction from local teachers, with her first public performance at the age of only nine. About this concert she wrote in her autobiography "The announcement of the concert made a splash in the city. Tickets sold briskly and I earned my first thousand roubles. I performed Mozart's Concerto and several pieces. The success was complete" .
The child prodigy came to the attention of composer Anton Rubinstein who spoke highly of her potential. The two went on to become close friends. Rubinstein’s recommendation led to Timanova being sponsored to attend Carl Tausig's School of Advanced Piano Playing in Berlin by a local merchant. Subsequently, Timanova studied with Franz Liszt in Budapest and became a prominent performer in Russia, France, Austria, Britain, Germany and Turkey, while periodically returning to Ufa to perform; the last such trip was in 1896.

wn.com/Vera_Timanova
Vladimir Spivakov
Vladimir Teodorovich Spivakov (Russian: Владимир Теодорович Спиваков) (born September 12, 1944 in Ufa) is a leading Russian conductor and violinist best known for his work with the Moscow Virtuosi chamber orchestra.
At the age of 13, Spivakov was awarded the first prize at the major conductor contest in Moscow. He studied at the Moscow Conservatory under Yuri Yankelevich and debuted with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in 1979. The same year he established the Moscow Virtuosi chamber orchestra. In 1984, Leonard Bernstein presented his conductor's baton to Spivakov. In 1989 he emigrated to Spain. Spivakov was named the People's Artist of the USSR in 1991. Three years later, he established the Vladimir Spivakov International Charity Foundation to help Russian orphans. In 2000 he was awarded the Légion d'honneur for his work as an artistic director of the Colmar International Festival, for which he has worked since 1989. His wife Sati is a TV anchor. He has three girls, Tatiana, Katia and Anna.

wn.com/Vladimir_Spivakov
Yuri Shevchuk
Yuri Yulianovich Shevchuk (Russian: Ю́рий Юлиа́нович Шевчу́к), born 16 May 1957, is a Soviet and Russian singer/songwriter who leads the rock band DDT, which he founded with Vladimir Sigachev in 1980. Shevchuk was born in Yagodnoye in Magadan Oblast and raised in Ufa, Bashkir ASSR, though he now resides in St. Petersburg, Russia. Shevchuk was an art teacher before founding DDT. He is best known for his distinctive gravelly voice. His lyrics detail aspects of Russian life with a wry, humanistic sense of humor. He is also very famous for openly opposing pop music. He is often accredited with being the greatest song-writer in present-day Russia.
Shevchuk is highly critical of the undemocratic society that has developed in Vladimir Putin's Russia. On 3 March 2008 he participated in a Dissenters March in Saint Petersburg against the president elections where no real opposition candidates were allowed to run.
On 24 and 26 September 2008 he organized two peace concerts in Moscow and Saint Petersburg as a protest to the Russian-Georgian war. The name of the concert "Don't Shoot" was taken from his song "Ne Strelyai" that he had written in 1980 as a response to the Soviet war in Afghanistan. Together with his band DDT he performed with both Ossetian and Georgian musicians as well as the Ukrainian band Bratya Karamazovy that he called peacekeepers. Parts of the profits from the concerts were given to those who had suffered from the war, both Ossetians and Georgians.

wn.com/Yuri_Shevchuk
Zemfira
Zemfira, officially Zemfira Talgatovna Ramazanova (Russian: Земфира Талгатовна Рамазанова, Bashkir: Земфира Тәлғәт ҡыҙы Рамаҙанова); born 26 August 1976 in Ufa, Bashkortostan) is a Russian rock artist of Bashkir descent. She has been performing since 1998 and has been immensely popular in Russia and other former Soviet republics.
An ethnic Bashkir, she was born in a typical middle-class family - her mother is a doctor, and her father a history teacher. At the age of 4, Zemfira became interested in music, entering a music school the following year (where she studied piano performance and voice) and writing her first song when she was seven years old. Her older brother Ramil introduced her to rock music, which became her real passion – she listened to Black Sabbath, Nazareth and Queen, learning to play the guitar. In the 7th grade, Zemfira split her time between music and basketball, becoming the captain of the Russian Girls’ Junior Basketball Team by 1990. She began to lose interest in classical music, preferring instead to hang out with friends in the streets of Ufa and covering songs by Russian rock groups such as Kino, Nautilus Pompilius and Aquarium (who reached the peak of their popularity in the early 1990s).

wn.com/Zemfira

"Real Russia" ep.20: Inside of Ufa Arena at IIHF U20 World Championship 2013

U20 World Championship 2013 in Ufa, Russia t-shirts - realrussiablog.com Ufa Arena is the ...

published: 31 Dec 2012

author: realrussiablog

UFA: Münchhausen (1943 Full Version)

Der Film erzählt die Lebensgeschichte des Barons Münchhausen, teilweise basierend auf der ...

published: 10 Jan 2012

author: MrMilitaria3

Russia, Ufa City, Tramplin Park. Россия, Уфа. Трамплин.

Tramplin Park in Ufa, Russia. Ufa (Russian: Уфа́; Bashkir: Өфө) is the capital and largest...

published: 29 Jul 2011

author: eyjaystar

Proof of UFA Win

As normal...

published: 16 Jan 2013

author: Kiernan Patton

Fifa 13 Carreira Manager - EP08 Ufa Fugimos da Série B

Fan Page Galera! www.facebook.com Twitter twitter.com Se você gostou do video comente, fav...

published: 22 Oct 2012

author: BrwnnaoGames

dlb new trend in Ufa!

dlb new trend in Ufa!...

published: 16 Jan 2013

author: Girfan Zagitov

[UFA] 屏東教大VS 崑山科大-100學年男二級冠軍戰1010405

...

published: 05 Apr 2012

author: CTUSFssuwebtv

[UFA] 崑山科大VS 陸軍官校-100學年一般男預賽1010403

...

published: 03 Apr 2012

author: CTUSFssuwebtv

[UFA News] 屏東教大VS 義守大學新聞報導-100學年男二級冠軍戰HD

...

published: 03 Apr 2012

author: CTUSFssuwebtv

[UFA Interview] 輔仁大學洪慶懷專訪-98學年男一級冠軍戰HD

...

published: 07 Apr 2010

author: CTUSFssuwebtv

[UFA Interview] 陸軍官校周正寅教練、傑烏士專訪-100學年一般男冠軍戰HD

...

published: 03 Apr 2012

author: CTUSFssuwebtv

[UFA Interview] 臺灣師大余秀菁、譚汶琳、曾淑娥專訪-100學年女一級冠軍戰HD

...

published: 03 Apr 2012

author: CTUSFssuwebtv

[UFA] Taiwan-Africa 台非足球友誼賽.mov

...

published: 18 May 2010

author: CTUSFssuwebtv

[UFA News] 陸軍官校VS 崑山科大新聞報導-100學年一般男冠軍戰HD

...

published: 03 Apr 2012

author: CTUSFssuwebtv

UNION TOUR 2011 Trailer

FEATURING: Lesha Bobrov, Egor Golubev, Egor Kaldikov, Max Kruglov, Emin Aliev, Vlad Esaulk...

published: 08 Dec 2011

author: Union Skateboards

Russian Off-Road Challenge 2010

Russian Off-Road Challenge 2010 Archeda Moscow to Moscow - 5500 km in total, but 2000 km ...

published: 18 Oct 2010

author: grom1300

" On a Dime " Short Film

This was made to show inspiring film makers that you don't need a huge corporate budget to...

published: 13 Feb 2012

author: Dave Schauber

Malguta

September 1st thru the 3rd California was hit by a large south swell. Surfers: Joel Tudor,...

published: 03 Sep 2011

author: UFA Films

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photo: Creative Commons / INABA Tomoaki

Emergency landing grounds Boeing 787 jets in Japan

The Guardian

16 Jan 2013

YURI KAGEYAMA. AP Business Writers= TOKYO (AP) — Boeing Co.'s 787 planes were grounded for safety checks Wednesday by two major Japanese airlines after one was forced to make an emergency landing in the latest blow for the new jet ... The 787, known as the Dreamliner, is Boeing's newest and most technologically advanced jet, and the company is counting heavily on its success ... The grounding was done voluntarily by the airlines ... The U.S ... U.S....(size: 11.1Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden talk with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel prior to his departure from the White House, July 6, 2010.

Obama, Netanyahu seem headed for US-Israel clash

The Guardian

17 Jan 2013

AMY TEIBEL. Associated Press= JERUSALEM (AP) — Israel's premier on Wednesday dismissed President Barack Obama's reported displeasure with his hard-line policies toward the Palestinians, a sisgn that the two could be headed for a showdown. Polls suggest Benjamin Netanyahu is poised to win Israel's elections next week and continue in office ... could suffer in unprecedented ways if the Israeli government doesn't change its policies....(size: 10.2Kb)

photo: AP / BP

In this undated image released Wednesday Jan. 16, 2013, by BP petroleum company, showing the Amenas natural gas field in the eastern central region of Algeria, where Islamist militants raided and took hostages Wednesday Jan. 16, 2013.

Hostages taken at BP plant in Algeria

The Australian

16 Jan 2013

IN what could be the first spillover from France's intervention in Mali, Islamist militants attacked and occupied a natural gas complex partly operated by energy company BP in southern Algeria. Two foreigners were killed and dozens of others, including Americans, were taken hostage ... It said it was holding 41 foreigners, including seven Americans ... Recommended Coverage. Al-Qaeda seize hostages in Algeria. End of sidebar ...  . ....(size: 7.4Kb)

photo: French MoD photo

File photo of French troops at Abidjan Airport, Ivory Coast.

France set to triple size of force inside Mali

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

16 Jan 2013

BAMAKO, Mali -- After a punishing bombing campaign failed to halt the advance of al-Qaida-linked fighters, France pledged Tuesday to triple the size of its force in Mali, sending in hundreds more troops as it prepared for a land assault to dislodge the militants occupying the country's northern half ... On Tuesday, France announced that it was increasing the number of troops from 800 to 2,500 ... "We have one objective ... On Tuesday, U.S ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)

photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster

President Barack Obama speaks in the East Room of the White House in Washington, Monday, Jan. 14, 2013

Obama unveils $500 million gun violence package

The Guardian

16 Jan 2013

JULIE PACE. Associated Press= WASHINGTON (AP) — Braced for a fight, President Barack Obama on Wednesday unveiled the most sweeping proposals for curbing gun violence in two decades, pressing a reluctant Congress to pass universal background checks and bans on military-style assault weapons and high-capacity ammunition magazines like the ones used in the Newtown, Conn., school shooting ... "And Congress must act soon." ... World news....(size: 9.2Kb)

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Official 2012 available free agents list (New York Islanders)

noodls

17 Jan 2013

Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs ... Group 3 UFAs ... Group 6 UFAs ... UFAs....(size: 13.4Kb)

It’s easy to make arguments on either side in Jamie Benn negotiations

The Dallas Morning News

17 Jan 2013

The Stars would probably gladly sign Jamie Benn to the same deal New Jersey’s Travis Zajac inked on Wednesday ... And that might be the problem for the Stars ... Now, to clarify, all of those years are UFA years, so Zajac is not a comparable for Benn in the most technical of senses ... I have heard there are offers at 2 years, 3 years, 5 years and 6 years (the Stars do not want to go 4 years and launch Benn straight into UFA status) ...  . ....(size: 5.9Kb)

Stefan Noesen, Tom Wilson return to Plymouth Whalers from NHL training camps

The Examiner

17 Jan 2013

PLYMOUTH - Stefan Noesen came to the Plymouth Whalers' front office Thursday morning in a hurry. He was looking for a package of hockey sticks shipped from the Ottawa Senators' National Hockey League training camp ... Marie on Saturday at 7.05 pm and Erie on Monday at 2 pm at Compuware Arena ... Because of the suspension, he also missed a chance to play for the United States in the 2013 World Junior Championships in Ufa, Russia ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)

Continuity could help Kings defend Stanley Cup title (Ottawa Senators)

noodls

17 Jan 2013

(Source. Ottawa Senators). The Los Angeles Kings' march to a championship in 2012 was so remarkable, it isn't easy to place in a historical context. Not only was Los Angeles the first No ... Penner, defenseman Rob Scuderi and forward Simon Gagne are the only key players who can be UFAs next summer, and captain Dustin Brown is the only core player who isn't signed for at least three more seasons ... Follow Corey Masisak on Twitter....(size: 5.6Kb)

NHLers on the trade block

Toronto Sun

17 Jan 2013

2 sec. 3 sec. 4 sec. 5 sec. 6 sec. Buy Sun Media photos. Even though the NHL season has been shortened due to the 113-day lockout and the trading deadline has been pushed back, one thing won't change in 2013 — players will change teams at some point. QMI Agency has come up with a gallery of some big-name players who could be traded during the season ... Scheduled to become a UFA next summer, Getzlaf could be too rich for the Ducks' blood ... ....(size: 10.8Kb)

Masters: Phaneuf helping Rielly relax at his first pro camp

TSN Canada

17 Jan 2013

TORONTO – Reporters are not the only ones with questions for Morgan Rielly these days. Andy Rielly, Morgan's father and a die-hard Maple Leafs fan, has been desperate for details since his 18-year-old son started training camp in Toronto on Sunday. "He's been trying to talk to me a lot. It's a little annoying at times ... 'I THOUGHT HE WAS KIDDING AT FIRST' ... A LONG JOURNEY ... Then it was off to Ufa, Russia for the tournament ... ....(size: 6.7Kb)

Official 2012 available free agents list (Ottawa Senators)

noodls

16 Jan 2013

Newcomer Vince Trocheck makes immediate impact for Plymouth Whalers

The Examiner

16 Jan 2013

PLYMOUTH - It’s often said in sports that a team wins a trade when they receive the best player ... Trocheck – from Pittsburgh, PA – left Saginaw as the second leading scorer in franchise history with 94 goals and 146 for 240 points in 236 games ... The victory concluded a whirlwind couple of weeks for Trocheck and Hartman, who were part Team USA who won the gold medal in the 2013 World Junior Championships in Ufa, Russia ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)

Confident Ryan Murphy ready for NHL

CBC

16 Jan 2013

Ryan Murphy was given a mulligan entering his second National Hockey League training camp. The highly touted defenceman took to the ice Sunday in Raleigh, N.C., with other Hurricanes hopefuls, eight days after his overtime gaffe led to a goal by Russia’s Valeri Nichushkin and a lost bronze medal for Murphy and his Canadian teammates at the world junior hockey championship in Ufa, Russia ... “It’s a different game [in the NHL] ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)

After national league fixture MUSZYNA and BIELSKO-BIALA cross their ways in CEV Cup (CEV - European Volleyball Confederation)

noodls

16 Jan 2013

(Source. CEV - European Volleyball Confederation). 2013 CEV Volleyball Cup - Women. Muszyna, Poland, January 15, 2013. Bank BPS Fakro MUSZYNA will play on Wednesday a derby with their neighbors of Aluprof BIELSKO-BIALA in the Challenge Round of the 2013 CEV Volleyball Cup with their double confrontation eventually determining the side progressing to the semis ... . News nr. 1 of 7617. 16/01/2013 00.18.45 ... From ... To ... vs ... 19.00 GMT+5 Ural UFA....(size: 46.3Kb)

Cause ‘undetermined’ for Magna fire

The Salt Lake Tribune

15 Jan 2013

"The investigators have determined that the cause is ‘undetermined,’" UFA Capt. Clint Mecham said Tuesday. Join the Discussion ... Published Jan 15, 2013 08.43.35AM ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)

UTair-Leasing Acquires New Airport Equipment at Mineralnye Vody Airport (UTair Aviation JSC)

noodls

15 Jan 2013

(Source. UTair Aviation JSC) UTair-Leasing Acquires New Airport Equipment at Mineralnye Vody Airport ... The leasing deal is valued at more than 84 million rubles ... Among the major UTair-Leasing clients are Emelyanovo Airport, Airport Kurumoch, Mineralnye Vody International Airport, Roschino Airport, Surgut Airport, Omsk Airport, Tomsk Airport, Ufa International Airport, Vnukovo-Technics and Aviation Company Altai ... distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 3.2Kb)

Reilly at a disadvantage with short camp

Toronto Sun

15 Jan 2013

TORONTO - . Morgan Rielly should be a fine defenceman for the Maple Leafs one day. The general feeling across the National Hockey League is the Leafs got it right when they selected Rielly fifth overall in the 2012 entry draft ... Carlyle likes him ... He since has been in Calgary for Canada’s selection camp for the world junior, to Finland for exhibition games, to Ufa, Russia, for the championship and then to Toronto for camp....(size: 3.8Kb)

timeline:
2012
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2003
2002
2001

For other uses, see Ufa (disambiguation).

Ufa (English) Уфа (Russian) Өфө (Bashkir) Уфа (Tatar)
- City^[1] -
Ufa
Location of the Republic of Bashkortostan in Russia
Ufa Location of Ufa in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Coordinates: 54°45′N 55°58′E / 54.75°N 55.967°E / 54.75; 55.967Coordinates: 54°45′N 55°58′E / 54.75°N 55.967°E / 54.75; 55.967

Coat of arms	Flag
City Day	June 12^{[citation needed]}
Administrative status (as of March 2011)
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Republic of Bashkortostan^[1]
Administratively subordinated to	city of republic significance of Ufa^[1]
Capital of	Republic of Bashkortostan^[2]
Administrative center of	city of republic significance of Ufa,^[1] Ufimsky District^[3]
Municipal status (as of February 2012)
Urban okrug	Ufa Urban Okrug^[4]
Administrative center of	Ufa Urban Okrug,^[4] Ufimsky Municipal District^[4]
Head^[5]	Irek Yalalov^[5]
Representative body	City Council^{[citation needed]}
Statistics
Area	710 km² (270 sq mi)^{[citation needed]}
Population (2010 Census, preliminary)	1,062,300 inhabitants^[6]
- Rank in 2010	11th
Population (2002 Census)	1,042,437 inhabitants^[7]
- Rank in 2002	11th
Density	1,496 /km² (3,870 /sq mi)^[8]
Time zone	YEKT (UTC+06:00)^[9]
Founded	1574^[10]
City status since	1586^{[citation needed]}
Postal code(s)	450xxx^{[citation needed]}
Dialing code(s)	+7 347^{[citation needed]}
Official website
Ufa on WikiCommons

Ufa (Russian: Уфа́; IPA: [ʊˈfa]; Bashkir: Өфө) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia. It is the industrial, economic, scientific and cultural center of the republic. Population: 1,062,300 (2010 Census preliminary results);^[6] 1,042,437 (2002 Census);^[7] 1,082,052 (1989 Census).^[11]

The newspaper English Russia and the President of Bashkortostan coined Ufa as the Muslim centre of Russia.^[12]^[13]

History [link]

Early color photograph of Ufa taken in 1910 by Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky

The city began as a fortress built on the orders of Ivan the Terrible in 1574, and originally bore the name of the hill it stood on, Tura-Tau. It was granted town status in 1586.

In the 18th century Ufa evolved into an administrative, trading, manufacturing and cultural center of Russia. Ufa Municipal Public Bank was established on December 15, 1876.

In 1918, Ufa was the residence of the Provisional All-Russian Government.

On June 14, 1922, the Decree of the All-Union Central Executive Committee abolished Ufa Governorate, and Ufa became the capital of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

The discovery of oil in Bashkiria made Ufa one of the centers of the Soviet oil extracting and oil refining industries.

During World War II, following eastward Soviet retreat in 1941, Ufa became the wartime seat of the Soviet Ukrainian government.

Administrative and municipal status [link]

Apart from being the capital of the republic, Ufa serves as the administrative center of Ufimsky District,^[3] although it is not administratively a part of it.^[1] Administratively, along with twenty-four rural localities, it is incorporated as a city of republic significance—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] Municipally, the city of republic significance of Ufa is incorporated as Ufa Urban Okrug.^[4]

Economy [link]

Industry [link]

Urban enterprises engaged in oil refining, chemistry, mechanical engineering. The economy of Ufa amount of fuel and energy and engineering complexes.

The volume of shipped goods of own production, made its own works and services to manufacturing industry in 2009 - 185.0 billion rubles. ((DB regions of the Volga district))

In Ufa holds about 200 large and medium industrial enterprises.^[14]

There are some important enterprises in Ufa:

UMPO (Ufa Engine Industrial Association) (Russian: ОАО «Уфимское моторостроительное производственное объединение»): founded in 1925 whose main products are jet engines^[15]
Bashneft (Russian: ОАО «АНК «Башнефть»»): oil and gas company^[16]
UFNC (Ufaneftekhim) (Russian: ОАО «Уфанефтехим»): oil and petrochemical company^[17]

Finance [link]

Ufa is a donor of the republic's and federal budgets. About 62.8 % of tax revenues accumulated on the territory of Ufa City municipal district of Bashkortostan Republic are directed to the federal budget and 29 % to the republic's budget.

Transport [link]

Ufa is linked by railways to the rest of Russia, having a railway station on a historic branch of the Transsib. Ufa is the only city connected to Moscow by more than one Federal highway. The M7 motorway links the city to Kazan and Moscow and the M5 motorway links Ufa to Moscow and to the Asian part of Russia.

Ufa International Airport has international flights to UAE, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, as well as domestic flights to many Russian cities and towns.

Demographics [link]

Ethnically, the republic is dominated by Russians (50.2%), Bashkirs (14.8%), and Tatars (28.1%). Other ethnicities over 1000 people include Ukrainians (17,772 people), Chuvash (10,586 people), Mari (9,616 people), Belarusians (5,556 people), Mordovians (3,975 people), Armenians (2,822 people), Germans (2,213 people), Jews (2,082 people), and Azeris (2,075 people).^[18]

Geography and climate [link]

View of Ufa over the Belaya River

Ufa is situated in eastern Europe near its land boundary with Asia, at the confluence of the Belaya and Ufa Rivers, on low hills to the west of the southern Urals. The city stretches 50 kilometers (31 mi) from southwest to northeast and occupies the area of over 710 square kilometers (270 sq mi).^{[citation needed]}

Climate data for Ufa
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	−10.4 (13.3)	−8 (18)	−0.6 (30.9)	10.5 (50.9)	20.1 (68.2)	23.8 (74.8)	25.5 (77.9)	22.9 (73.2)	17.1 (62.8)	7.0 (44.6)	−1.2 (29.8)	−7 (19.4)	8.31 (46.95)
Average low °C (°F)	−19.5 (−3.1)	−18.6 (−1.5)	−11.2 (11.8)	−0.4 (31.3)	6.7 (44.1)	11.2 (52.2)	13.5 (56.3)	10.7 (51.3)	6.1 (43.0)	−0.4 (31.3)	−7.5 (18.5)	−15 (5.0)	−2.03 (28.34)
Precipitation mm (inches)	40 (1.57)	32 (1.26)	27 (1.06)	37 (1.46)	38 (1.5)	61 (2.4)	63 (2.48)	58 (2.28)	53 (2.09)	60 (2.36)	54 (2.13)	46 (1.81)	569 (22.4)
Avg. precipitation days	11	8	7	7	7	9	9	9	9	11	11	11	109
Source: World Meteorological Organisation (UN) ^[19]

Government and administration [link]

Local government

The bodies of local self-government of Ufa are:

Council, a representative body. Formed of 35 deputies for 4 years.
Chairman of the Board - the head of the urban okrug. Term of 4 years.
Urban Okrug Administration. The structure of the administration approved by the Council on the proposal of the Head of the Administration.
Head of the Administration manages the administration on the principles of unity of command. He is appointed under a contract entered into by the results of the competition. Term of office of the Head of the Administration limited to the period of office of the Council of the convocation.^[20]

Republican and federal

Electoral Commission of the Urban Okrug
Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Ministries of the Republic

Sports [link]

The Ufa Arena

Ufa's association football club FC Ufa plays in the Russian Second Division. Ufa is the biggest city in Europe never to have been represented in top-flight football.^[21] The city ice hockey club Salavat Yulaev Ufa plays in the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), being the KHL Champion (2010/2011) and two-time Russia Champion (2007/2008, 2010/2011). The Ural Volleyball club are also based in Ufa.

Education and science [link]

Educational institutions include:

Bashkir State University
Bashkir State Teachers Training University named after M.Akmulla
Bashkir State Medical University
Ufa State Aviation Technical University
Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Ufa Architectural University
Ufa Agricultural University

Religion [link]

The main religious confessions in the city are Islam (Sunni) and Orthodox Christianity^{[citation needed]} (the city - the center of the Russian Orthodox Diocese of Ufa and Sterlitamak). Ufa is the seat of the central authorities and Mufti Central Spiritual Directorate of Muslims of Russia and European CIS countries.

The majority of the population are adherents of Orthodox Christianity with an estimated 50% being Orthodox and the remaining 45% made up of a mainly Islam with small numbers of Jews and other religions.^{[citation needed]}

Culture [link]

Bashkir State Academic Theater of Drama

The city has Bashkir, Russian, and Tatar State Drama Theaters, a State Opera and Ballet Theater, a National Symphony Orchestra, "Bashkortostan" film studio, philharmonic collectives, and the Bashkir State Folk Dance Ensemble.

Notable people [link]

Famous citizens of Ufa include:

Sergey Aksakov, writer
Vladimir Spivakov, musician
Salawat Yulayev, national hero
Mirsaid Sultangaliev, Muslim Bolshevik
Mikhail Nesterov, artist
Rudolf Nureyev, dancer
Vera Timanova, pianist
Andrei Zubarev, Andrei Zyuzin, Alexander Semak, and Igor Kravchuk, hockey players
Zemfira, musician
Valerian Albanov, navigator
Yuri Shevchuk, musician
Ernst Muldashev, ophthalmologist
Boris Kolker, member of the Academy of Esperanto
Anatoli Efimoff, artist
Ildar Abdrazakov, bass opera singer
Eldar Musin, prominent scientist in field of information security, entrepreneur

International relations [link]

Twin towns and sister cities [link]

Ufa is twinned with:

Ankara, Turkey Halle, Germany Las Piñas, Philippines^[22]	Orenburg, Russia Paldiski, Estonia

References [link]

Notes [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Resolution #391
^ Official website of Ufa. Information about Ufa
^ ^a ^b Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 80 252», в ред. изменения №185/2011 от 1 января 2012 г. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 80 252, as amended by the Amendment #185/2011 of January 1, 2012. ).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Law #162-z
^ ^a ^b Official website of Ufa. Head of Ufa Urban Okrug Administration (Russian)
^ ^a ^b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2011). "Предварительные итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года (Preliminary results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/results-inform.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (May 21, 2004). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the 2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
^ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
^ History of Ufa
^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)" (in Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
^ http://englishrussia.com/2011/11/28/ufa-the-muslim-center-of-russia/
^ http://presidentrb.ru/eng/press_serv/novosti/33176.html
^ Ufa - capital of the Republic of Bashkortostan
^ UMPO Website, accessed 22 October 2008
^ Google finance: BANE, accessed 22 October 2008
^ Google finance: UFNC, accessed 22 October 2008
^ Ethnic composition of population of the Republic of Bashkortostan (according to the All-Russia population census of 2002). Statistical handbook. Bashkortostanstat. Ufa. p. 198
^ "World Weather Information Service – Ufa". United Nations. http://www.worldweather.org/107/c00659.htm. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
^ Charter of the Urban Okrug of Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan
^ "Now that Hull City are playing Premiership football, which is the largest European city never to have had a top-flight team?". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/notesandqueries/query/0,,-197918,00.html. Retrieved 19 December 2010.
^ Ufa Soviet Cafeterias and IKEA Furniture The St. Petersburg Times

Sources [link]

Правительство Республики Башкортостан. Постановление №391 от 29 декабря 2006 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Республики Башкортостан», в ред. Постановления №70 от 18 марта 2011 г «О внесении изменений в реестр административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов Республики Башкортостан». Опубликован: "Ведомости Государственного Собрания – Курултая, Президента и Правительства Республики Башкортостан", №5 (251), ст. 239, 12 марта 2007 г. (Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Resolution #391 of December 29, 2006 On Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Entities and Inhabited Localities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as amended by the Resolution #70 of March 18, 2011 On Amending the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Entities and Inhabited Localities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. ).
Государственное Собрание —Курултай Республики Башкортостан. Закон №162-з от 17 декабря 2004 г. «О границах, статусе и административных центрах муниципальных образований в Республике Башкортостан», в ред. Закона №357-з от 31 января 2011 г «О переносе административных центров Новопетровского и Тляумбетовского сельсоветов Кугарчинского района Республики Башкортостан». Вступил в силу в соответствии со статьёй 33. Опубликован: "Республика Башкортостан", №52 (25785), 22 марта 2005 г. (State Assembly of Bashkortostan—El Kurultai. Law #162-z of December 17, 2004 On the Borders, Status, and Administrative Centers of the Municipal Formations in the Republic of Bashkortostan, as amended by the Law #357-z of January 31, 2011 On Changing the Administrative Centers of Novopetrovsky and Tlyaumbetovsky Selsoviets of Kugarchinsky District. Effective as of the date established in accordance with the provisions of Article 33.).

External links [link]

v t e Administrative divisions of the Republic of Bashkortostan

Capital: Ufa

Cities and towns	Agidel Baymak Belebey Beloretsk Birsk Blagoveshchensk Davlekanovo Dyurtyuli Ishimbay Kumertau Meleuz Mezhgorye Neftekamsk Oktyabrsky Salavat Sibay Sterlitamak Tuymazy Uchaly Ufa Yanaul

Administrative districts	Abzelilovsky Alsheyevsky Arkhangelsky Askinsky Aurgazinsky Bakalinsky Baltachevsky Baymaksky Belebeyevsky Belokataysky Beloretsky Birsky Bizhbulyaksky Blagovarsky Blagoveshchensky Burayevsky Burzyansky Buzdyaksky Chekmagushevsky Chishminsky Davlekanovsky Duvansky Dyurtyulinsky Fyodorovsky Gafuriysky Iglinsky Ilishevsky Ishimbaysky Kaltasinsky Karaidelsky Karmaskalinsky Khaybullinsky Kiginsky Krasnokamsky Kugarchinsky Kushnarenkovsky Kuyurgazinsky Mechetlinsky Meleuzovsky Mishkinsky Miyakinsky Nurimanovsky Salavatsky Sharansky Sterlibashevsky Sterlitamaksky Tatyshlinsky Tuymazinsky Uchalinsky Ufimsky Yanaulsky Yermekeyevsky Zianchurinsky Zilairsky

v t e Capitals of the Republics of Russia

Abakan Cheboksary Cherkessk Elista Gorno-Altaysk Grozny Izhevsk Kazan Kyzyl Magas Makhachkala Maykop Nalchik Petrozavodsk Saransk Syktyvkar Ufa Ulan-Ude Vladikavkaz Yakutsk Yoshkar-Ola

v t e Historical capitals of Rus' and Russian states and their predecessors

Predecessors of modern Russia

Novgorod Rus', Kievan Rus'	Ryurikovo Gorodische, Novgorod (862–882) · Kiev (882–1169)

Vladimir-Suzdal	Vladimir-on-Klyazma (1169–1328)

Grand Duchy of Moscow	Vladimir-on-Klyazma (1169–1328)

Tsardom of Russia	Moscow (1328–1565) · Oprichnina: Tsar’s residence in Alexandrova Sloboda (1564/1565–1572/1584) · Moscow (1572–1611) · Provisional government "Council of All Land": Yaroslavl (1611–1612) · Moscow (1612–1712) · Saint Petersburg (1712–1728)

Russian Empire, Russian Republic	Saint Petersburg (1712–1728) · de facto Moscow (1728–1730) · Saint Petersburg/Petrograd (1730–...)

Anti-Bolshevik (White movement)	Samara (8 June 1918 – 23 September 1918) · Ufa (23 September 1918 – 9 October 1918) · Omsk (9 October 1918 – 18 November 1918)

*Soviet Union (USSR included Russia from 1922–1991, Russian Federation is the legal* successor of the USSR)**

Soviet Union	Moscow (1922–1991) · WWII partly & temporary (1941–1943): Kuybyshev (administrative), Sverdlovsk (industrial), Kazan (science) · Moscow (1922–1991)

Modern Russia (since 7 November 1917)

Soviet Russia, RSFSR, Russian Federation	Petrograd (7 November 1917 – 12 March 1918) · Moscow (since 12 March 1918)

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Contents

History [link]

Administrative and municipal status [link]

Economy [link]

Industry [link]

Finance [link]

Transport [link]

Demographics [link]

Geography and climate [link]

Government and administration [link]

Sports [link]

Education and science [link]

Religion [link]

Culture [link]

Notable people [link]

International relations [link]

Twin towns and sister cities [link]

See also [link]

References [link]

Notes [link]

Sources [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Ufa

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Ufa (Russia)

http://cs.wn.com/Ufa

http://es.wn.com/Ufá

http://ru.wn.com/Уфа

http://nl.wn.com/Oefa

http://id.wn.com/Ufa

http://pl.wn.com/Ufa

http://fr.wn.com/Oufa

http://de.wn.com/Ufa (Stadt)

http://hi.wn.com/ऊफ़ा

http://pt.wn.com/Ufa