Look up radical in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Radical, from Late Latin radicalis "of roots" and from Latin radix "root", may refer to:

In chemistry:

• A radical (chemistry) is an atom, molecule, or ion, that is likely to take part in chemical reactions

In mathematics:

• Radical symbol (√), a symbol used to indicate the square root or nth root
• Radical of an algebraic group, a concept in algebraic group theory
• Radical of an ideal, an important concept in abstract algebra
• Radical of a ring, in ring theory, a branch of mathematics, a radical of a ring is an ideal of "bad" elements of the ring
• Radical of a module, in the theory of modules, the radical of a module is a component in the theory of structure and classification
• Jacobson radical, the Jacobson radical of a ring, R, consists of those elements in R that annihilate all simple right R-modules
• Nilradical of a ring, the nilradical of a commutative ring is a nilpotent ideal, which is as large as possible
• Nilradical of a Lie algebra, the nilradical of a Lie algebra is a nilpotent ideal, which is as large as possible
• Radical of an integer, a concept in number theory
• Symmetric bilinear form, a concept in linear algebra
• Radical of a Lie algebra, a concept in Lie theory

In medicine:

• Radical surgery, surgery carried out in extreme circumstances and/or with extensive treatment

In linguistics:

• In an inflected language such as English or Spanish, the radical verbs (also called 'radical-changing') are exceptions to the standard patterns of word change (e.g., to be is in most Indo European languages).
• Root (linguistics), also called a "radical", the form of a word after any prefixes and suffixes are removed
• Radical (Chinese character), part of a Chinese character under which it is indexed in a dictionary (also called bùshǒu 部首)
• Radical, one of the three consonants in a Semitic root
• Radical consonant, a consonant articulated with the root of the tongue

In politics:

• Political radicalism
• Radicalism (historical), the Radical Movement that began in late 18th century Britain and spread to continental Europe and Latin America in the 19th century
• Radical left, another term for the far left
• Radical right, another term for the far right
• Radical Whigs, influential early writers on Radicalism
• Radical Republicans, a member of an influential group of American politicians during the Civil War reconstruction
• Radical Party, one of a number of political parties around the world
• Radicals (UK), parliamentary progressives who were part of the nineteenth-century Liberal coalition
• Radicalization

In religion:

• Radical Reformation, an Anabaptist movement concurrent with the Protestant Reformation
• Radical Christianity
• Radical Islam

In culture:

• Radical feminism, a current within feminism that focuses on patriarchy as a system of power
• Radical veganism, a radical interpretation of veganism, usually combined with anarchism
• Radical chic, a term coined by Tom Wolfe to describe the pretentious adoption of radical causes by celebrities, socialites, and high society

In architecture:

• Radical Baroque, an architectural style characterized by the curvature of walls and intersection of oval spaces

In music:

• Radical (mixtape), a mixtape by the alternative hip hop collective OFWGKTA
• "Radicals" (song), a song by Tyler, The Creator from his album Goblin
• Free Radicals (band), a jazz-funk musical group from Houston, Texas
• Radical (album), Smack's fourth studio album, released in 1988

Brands, titles and proper names:

• Radical Sportscars, an English sports car maker
• Radical Entertainment, a video game developer based in Vancouver, Canada
• Free Radical Design, a video game developer based in Nottingham, England
• Free Radical Centre, a centre for free radical chemistry and biotechnology that was established in 2005

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Tyler, The Creator
Background information
Birth name	Tyler Gregory Okonma
Also known as	Wolf Haley, Ace, Tron Cat, Young Nigga, Thurnis, Tyler Haley, DJ Stank Daddy
Born	(1991-03-06) March 6, 1991 (age 21)
Origin	Ladera Heights, Los Angeles County, California, United States[1]
Genres	Alternative hip hop
Occupations	Rapper, record producer, director, actor, graphic artist,[1] fashion designer[2]
Instruments	Vocals, piano, keyboards, drums
Years active	2006–present
Labels	Odd Future Records, XL Recordings, RED Distribution
Associated acts	Odd Future
Website	oddfuture.com

Tyler Gregory^[3] Okonma (born March 6, 1991), better known by his stage name Tyler, The Creator, is an American rapper, record producer, actor and fashion designer^[2] from Los Angeles. He is best known as the leader and co-founder of the alternative hip hop collective Odd Future,^[4] and has rapped on and produced songs for nearly every Odd Future release. Okonma also creates all the artwork for the group's releases^[1] and said in an interview with DJ Semtex that he designs all the group's clothing and other merchandise as well.^[2] He is currently signed to English independent record label XL Recordings, and his own record label, Odd Future Records.

Early life[link]

Tyler Okonma was born in Los Angeles, California to a Nigerian father and a mother of African-American and white Canadian descent.^[5][6][7] He claims that he had never met his father,^[8] and spent his early life living in the communities of Ladera Heights and Hawthorne in southwest Los Angeles County.^[1][9] At the age of seven, he would take the cover out of an album's case and create covers for his own imaginary albums including a tracklist with song times before he could even make music.^[10][11] At the age of 14, Okonma taught himself how to play piano.^[12] In his twelve years of schooling, he had attended twelve different schools, in Los Angeles and Sacramento areas.^[13]

Music career[link]

[edit] Bastard and Goblin (2009–2012)

On December 25, 2009, Tyler self-released his first album, Bastard. The album was eventually ranked 32nd on Pitchfork Media's list of the Top Albums of 2010. On February 11, 2011, Tyler released the music video for "Yonkers", the first single from his second album, Goblin, which was released May 10, 2011.^[14] The video has received attention from several online media outlets.^{[15][16][17][18]} An extended version with a third verse can be purchased on iTunes.^[19] After the release of "Yonkers," Tyler announced that he had signed a one-album deal with XL Recordings.^[20] Tyler and fellow OF member Hodgy Beats made their television debut on February 16, 2011 when they performed "Sandwitches" on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.^[21] On March 16, Tyler and Hodgy performed "Yonkers" and "Sandwitches" on the 2011 mtvU Woodie Awards, being joined by other members of Odd Future during "Sandwitches". Goblin was released on May 10, 2011.

During an interview with Tyler for Interview, Waka Flocka Flame expressed his interest in collaborating with the Odd Future frontman to direct a music video for him.^[22]

Tyler's third album Wolf is scheduled for release in 2012. It will contain the instrumentals that Tyler has been making since the age of 15.^[23]

Tyler won Best New Artist for "Yonkers" at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards.^[24]

[edit] Wolf and Loiter Squad (2012-present)

Tyler first mentioned the album in early 2010 saying that he would have an album titled Wolf. In early 2011 he told fans through his Formspring account that his third album would be called Wolf and it is scheduled to be released in May 2012. The album will continue Tyler's sessions with his fictional therapist, Dr. TC, as hinted by the title track on his first album, Bastard, in which Dr. TC says "this is the first of three sessions...".

In August 2011, Tyler said that the album will be more focused on beats and have less rapping.[4] He has said that on the album he will try to make music similar to his current interests, which he has said do not contain rapping.

In an interview with DJ Semtex, he confirmed that he will handle all the production on the album, except one song produced by Left Brain.[5] This was how the production on Goblin was dealt with.

Tyler initially announced in early 2011, after Los Angeles hip hop collective Odd Future annoced that will get their own TV show called Loiter Squad. It wasn't until September 8, 2011 that the show was finally confirmed as a 15-minute live action show composed of various sketches, man on the street segments, pranks and music made by OF. Dickhouse Productions, the production partnership that created Jackass, is scheduled to produce the show. The show premiered on March 25, 2012.

Other enterprises[link]

Tyler has also directed music videos, acted in two roles, and also done work as a graphic artist^[1].

Criticism[link]

Homophobia[link]

Tyler has been criticized for his use of homophobic slurs, in particular, his frequent use of the epithet faggot in his lyrics and on Twitter.^[25][26] He has denied accusations of homophobia, stating, "I'm not homophobic. I just say faggot and use gay as an adjective to describe stupid shit,"^[27][28] and, "I'm not homophobic. I just think faggot hits and hurts people."^[29] However, he later said in an interview with MTV about the slurs, "Well, I have gay fans and they don't really take it offensive, so I don't know. If it offends you, it offends you. If you call me a nigga, I really don't care, but that's just me, personally. Some people might take it the other way; I personally don't give a shit."^[30][31]

Misogyny[link]

Tyler has also been criticized for his graphic depictions of violence against women and his misogynistic lyrics.^[32][33] Brent DiCrescenzo of Time Out Chicago writes that rape is a "predominant theme" of Goblin^[34] and Hermione Hoby of The Guardian writes that Tyler's "rape and murder fantasies (are) graphic enough to send the vomit rising along with the bile."^[35] The Fader tallied 68 uses of the term "bitch" over Goblin's 73 minutes.^[36] Responding to Canadian indie pop duo Tegan and Sara's criticism of his lyrics,^[37] Tyler tweeted: "If Tegan and Sara need some hard dick, hit me up!"^[38]

Legal issues[link]

On December 22, 2011, Tyler was arrested during a show at the Roxy Theatre in West Hollywood, and charged with "suspicion of vandalism" for alleged destroying of sound equipment belonging to the venue. He was released on $20,000 bail.^[39][3]

Feuds[link]

In the song "Yonkers," Tyler disses numerous artists, such as rappers/singers B.o.B and Bruno Mars, and Hayley Williams, frontwoman of band Paramore. Tyler, the Creator also disses Bruno Mars in The Game's song "Martians vs. Goblins," in which he and Lil Wayne are featured artists. In response, B.o.B released a similar diss track, entitled "No Future" that also references Tyler's group, Odd Future. Ironically, Tyler praised the song, and initially did not think it was a diss track. Bruno Mars, in response to the verse "stab Bruno Mars in his goddamn esophagus," said, "[Tyler] has to wait in line if he wants to stab me...[Tyler's] definitely not the first guy that's said something like that to me and he's not going to be the last."^[40] Los Angeles rapper Hopsin also dissed him in his "Ill Mind of Hopsin 4" music video, released in July 2011. Tyler did not respond to it.

Discography[link]

• Bastard (2009)
• Goblin (2011)
• Wolf (2012)

Filmography[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

O Music Awards

MTV Video Music Awards

MTV2 Sucker Free Awards

References[link]

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Radical Face is a musical act consisting of Ben Cooper (born c. 1982), a resident of Jacksonville, Florida, who also makes up one-half of Electric President and Iron Orchestra and one third of Mother's Basement. The name Radical Face was chosen after seeing it on a flyer. He later found out it was a plastic surgery flyer saying 'Radical Face-Lift' with the word 'lift' ripped off. ^[1]

On November 16, 2010 Ben released a six-track EP titled Touch The Sky^[2] which serves as an appetizer for an announced trilogy of albums called Family Tree. Leading up to the release of The Roots, The Bastards: Volume One EP was released track by track. The first album, titled The Roots was released on October 4, 2011. In August The Roots was accidentally released to users outside of the U.S on Itunes. The Roots will be followed by The Branches and The Leaves'.^[3]

The Junkyard Chandelier[link]

Ben Cooper's first album to be recorded under the Radical Face pseudonym was The Junkyard Chandelier (2003). However, his first release was entitled Ghost.

Track listing[link]

1. "Stitches In My Side" - 3:27
2. "The Scarecrows Are Marching" - 4:51
3. "Martyr" - 3:47
4. "Chewing Bottles" - 5:14
5. "Junkyard Chandelier" - 6:19
6. "Paper Birds" - 5:24
7. "Fog In The House Of Lightbulbs" - 6:38
8. "Runs In The Sidewalk" - 5:36
9. "Confidants And Fish Hooks" - 4:59
10. "Pockets Full Of Ink" - 5:20
11. "Burning Bridges" - 3:13

Ghost[link]

Ghost, released in March 2007 on Morr Music, is a concept album based on the idea of houses retaining stories of things that have happened in them. Each song is a story and some of the stories are told from the house's point of view. Cooper cited an old house he lived in as one of the inspirations for Ghost. Most of his work on the album was conducted in an old tool shed behind his house. Emeral Cooper, Mark Hubbard and Alex Kane collaborated with Ben Cooper for some tracks on the album.

Ghost has been compared to musical acts such as The Mountain Goats, Sufjan Stevens, The Postal Service,^[4] Gorky's Zygotic Mynci, Paul Simon^[5] and Animal Collective.^[6]

The song Welcome Home has been featured in several advertisements and films, including a Nikon advertisement in several countries of Europe, an advert^[7] for the 2011 Chevrolet Volt, as well as an ad for the University of Oregon that aired during the 2011 BCS Championship between Auburn and Oregon. The song appeared in the movie Humboldt County. The 2011 documentary film Forks Over Knives feature the song over the ending credits. It is used in the emotional climax of the film The Vicious Kind. It is featured in the film The Swiss Machine as speed alpinist Ueli Steck ascends the Eiger. This film was part of the 2010 Reel Rock Tour and Steck's ascent to the tune of Radical Face's Welcome Home is featured in the Reel Rock Tour trailer. It was also used at the end of UK program Eddie Izzard: Marathon Man and in a mountain bike short movie of freeride pro Andi Wittmann.^[8] The song was also featured in the fifth season of the popular British show, Skins and the second season of James May's Man Lab. The song reached number 92 in the UK Singles Chart in August 2010 ^[9]

Track listing[link]

1. "Asleep on a Train" - 2:01
2. "Welcome Home" - 4:48 (Emeral Cooper on piano and Mark Hubbard on snare drum)
3. "Let the River In" - 5:07
4. "Glory" - 6:13 (Alex Kane on bass)
5. "The Strangest Things" - 4:26 (Alex Kane on bass)
6. "Wrapped in Piano Strings" - 3:38
7. "Along the Road" - 4:18
8. "Haunted" - 4:44
9. "Winter Is Coming" - 4:24
10. "Sleepwalking" - 4:43
11. "Homesick" - 3:44

Total album length - 48:05

Touch The Sky EP[link]

Touch The Sky is an EP released in 2010 to bridge the gap between Ghost and The Family Tree Trilogy.

Track listing[link]

1. "Welcome Home (EP Version) - 4:47
2. "Glory (Acoustic)" - 4:34
3. "Doorways" - 3:00
4. "A Little Hell" - 2:13
5. "The Deserter's Song" - 4:55
6. "Welcome Home (Reprise)" - 2:29

The Bastards - Volume One EP[link]

The EP was released on August 19, 2011, and is the first of a number of free EPs over the course of the Family Tree-project, all of them part of a series called "The Bastards". So this is "The Bastards: Volume One". Available at the official website.

Track listing[link]

1. "All Is Well (It's Only Blood) - 2:45
2. "All Is Well (Goodbye, Goodbye)" - 4:05
3. "We're On Our Way" - 4:08

The Family Tree: The Roots[link]

Was released in October 2011. The first album of three in the Family Tree-project that follows the tale of a fictional family, the Northcotes, through its generations. It is dedicated to the first two generations of the Northcotes' family tree and is narratively based in the 1800s.^[10]

Track listing[link]

1. "Names" - 1:15
2. "A Pound of Flesh" - 3:35
3. "Family Portrait" - 4:40
4. "Black Eyes" - 4:44
5. "Severus and Stone" - 4:28
6. "The Moon Is Down" - 3:18
7. "Ghost Towns" - 3:54
8. "Kin" - 4:04
9. "The Dead Waltz" - 5:23
10. "Always Gold" - 5:56
11. "Mountains" - 4:51

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Page
• The Sounds & Sights of Radical Face - Documentary by Justin Mitchell
• Radical Face Live in San Francisco - By Connor Ellmann