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• 
  

• A4080 road
  The A4080 is a British A road which is located on the Island of Anglesey, Wales. The road begins at Menai Bridge and runs via Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, Newborough and Rhosneigr to join the A55 about 9 miles (13 kilometres) from Holyhead. In all the road is about 17 miles (27 kilometres) long. As it is one of the main roads on the island it also forms part of the major bus route of the south of the island. The 42, 4 and 4X routes travel along it, running between Holyhead and Bangor.
  Coordinates: 53°09′45″N 4°21′15″W / 53.1624°N 4.3543°W / 53.1624; -4.3543
  
  wn.com/A4080_road
• 
  A5025 road
  The A5025 is a British 'A' road that runs from Llanfairpwllgwyngyll to Valley in Anglesey, Wales. It runs up the east, north and finally north-west side of the island via several places including Benllech and Amlwch. In all the road is around 33 miles (53 km) long. Due to the road being one of the larger roads on the island (along with the A5 and the A55) it is a major bus route around the island.
  There is a webpage dedicated to telling motorists the locations of special tarmaced areas alongside the road created for police mobile speed cameras.
  Coordinates: 53°22′24″N 4°18′37″W / 53.3732°N 4.3104°W / 53.3732; -4.3104 (A5025 road)
  
  
  
  wn.com/A5025_road
• 
  A55 road
  The A55, also known as the North Wales Expressway, is a major road in Britain. Its entire length is a dual carriageway primary route, with the exception of the point where it crosses the Britannia Bridge over the Menai Strait. All junctions are grade separated except for two roundabouts — one east of Penmaenmawr and one in Llanfairfechan. The road originally ran from Chester to Bangor but was extended parallel to the A5 across Anglesey right into Holyhead Docks in 2001. The road improvements have been part funded with European money, under the Trans-European Networks programme, as the route is designated part of Euroroute E22 (Holyhead - Leeds - Amsterdam - Hamburg - Malmoe - Riga - Moscow - Perm - Ekaterinburg - Ishim).
  The A55 runs west from its junction with the M53 motorway near Chester, where it is known as the Chester Southerly Bypass, crossing the River Dee and the Welsh border before passing close to Broughton then passing north of Buckley and Northop. There is a major climb westbound between Broughton and Buckley (Junctions 35a to 35) though with no crawler lane. There is a difficult junction with the A494 at Junction 34/33b and the road briefly has a three lane section as traffic joins from Queensferry and leaves towards Mold. In the eastbound direction there is also a short three lane section for the same reason. In the eastbound direction there is also a 270 degree speed limited single lane curve to climb up and over the A55/A494. There were plans that might have affected this often congested junction as part of the A494 Queensferry to Ewloe improvement but the Welsh Assembly Government rejected these on 26 March 2008 as being of too large a scale.
  
  wn.com/A55_road
• 
  Aberffraw
  Aberffraw is a small village and community on the south west coast of the Isle of Anglesey (Welsh: Ynys Môn), in Wales, by the west bank of the River Ffraw, at grid reference SH354693. The UK postcode begins LL63. Access by road is by way of the A4080 and the nearest rail station is Bodorgan. In the early Middle Ages Aberffraw was the capital of the Kingdom of Gwynedd from c.860 AD until c.1170. Under the eponymous Aberffraw Dynasty it came to be the most important political centre in medieval Wales. The Llys remained the symbolic throne of the Kings of Gwynedd from the 9th century to the 13th century. The Royal Annals of Edward I of England show the Llys was dismantled in 1315 to provide building materials for nearby Beaumaris Castle.
  ...appeared to demonstrate the presence of a two-phase, round-angled, rectangular enclosure, at least 70m NNE-SSW, thought to represent a Roman military work, refurnished in the early medieval period as a llys (Princely court) enclosure; although a radio-carbon date centring on the period 27-387AD, appears to support this thesis, the identification of a Roman work is currently out of favour: the site of the llys, whose (partial?) dismantling is recorded in 1317, is regarded as uncertain: two sculptured heads, of apparent C13 style, are known from the village (White 1978): the putative curving angle of the enclosure has been suggested to hint at the former presence of a motte: excavations at the traditional site of the llys, about 650m to the WSW, recorded only C18 remains. Excavation, 1973-4 (White 1979) [1].
  
  wn.com/Aberffraw
• 
  Afon Cadnant
  Coordinates: 53°14′38″N 4°09′00″W / 53.244°N 4.150°W / 53.244; -4.150
  The Afon Cadnant is a small river on Anglesey, North Wales draining to the Menai Strait about 1 km north-east of the Menai Suspension Bridge. The river drains a largely agricultural area from Llandegfan to Llansadwrn and beyond with feeder tributaries extending up towards Pentraeth forest.
  Within the catchment are some artificial fishing ponds and a number of beef and dairy farms.
  More notable are the remains and ruins of a number of water mills, especially in the lower section before the river enters the strait. Up until the end of the 18th century it appears that great efforts were made to extract all the energy from the river to grind corn. This reflects the history of Anglesey as the bread-basket of Wales.
  The lower section known as Cadnant Dingle is a steep sided densely wooded valley with very restricted access. It is a designated SSSI as a representative example of the Brachypodium sylvaticum, Oak / Ash (slender falsebrome oak/ash) group of broadleaved woodlands.
  
  wn.com/Afon_Cadnant
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  Afon Cefni
  Afon Cefni is one of the major rivers on the island of Anglesey, Wales. It is 16.9 kilometres (11 mi) long. The river starts at the Llyn Cefni in the centre of the island and then runs south through the county town of Llangefni. Just north of the A55 the river turns and flows south-west. It passes through the flatlands of the Malltraeth Marshes, where the river course was altered into canal in 1824. Finally it flows under a bridge carrying the North Wales Coast Railway Line at Malltraeth Sands in the south-west of the island and into the Irish Sea.
  In February 2007 one of the most bizarre moments in the river's history took place. A local cheese making company was fined £4,000 and ordered to pay £1,585 in costs after some 100 litres (22 imp gal) of cream was discharged into the Afon Cefni via their surface water drainage system. In August 2007 toxic algae was found in a stretch of the river flowing through The Dingle near Llangefni.
  Coordinates: 53°12′N 4°23′W / 53.2°N 4.383°W / 53.2; -4.383
  
  wn.com/Afon_Cefni
• 
  Amlwch
  Coordinates: 53°25′N 4°20′W / 53.41°N 4.34°W / 53.41; -04.34
  Amlwch is the most northerly town in Wales. It is situated on the north coast of the Isle of Anglesey, on the A5025 which connects it to Holyhead and to Menai Bridge. The town has no beach, but it has impressive coastal cliffs. Tourism is an important element of the local economy. At one time it was a busy port, with boats sailing to the Isle of Man and to Liverpool. A number of the houses date from the 19th century and add to the atmosphere of the town.
  The local newspaper for northeastern Anglesey is Yr Arwydd ('The Sign').
  The name Amlwch – a reference to the site of the town's harbour, Porth Amlwch – derives from Welsh am ("about, on or around") and llwch (an old word meaning "inlet, creek" - similar to the Gaelic word "loch" for a body of water).
  According to legend in the Middle Ages, the town developed on a site that had a harbour but was not visible from the sea, which helped to reduce the chance of Viking attacks.^{[citation needed]}
  
  wn.com/Amlwch
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  Anglesey
  Anglesey /ˈæŋɡəlsi/ (Welsh: Ynys Môn) [ˈənɨs ˈmoːn], is an island and, as Isle of Anglesey, a county off the north west coast of Wales. Two bridges, spanning the Menai Strait, connect it to the mainland: the original Menai Suspension Bridge (carrying the A5), designed by Thomas Telford in 1826; and the more recently rebuilt Britannia Bridge (replacing the original designed by Robert Stephenson), which carries the A55 and the North Wales Coast Railway Line. Historian and author John Davies argues that it was during the tumultuous 10th century that the Norse name for Môn, Anglesey, came into existence; the name was later adopted into English after Anglo-Norman occupiers arrived to conquer the island during the Norman invasions of Gwynedd.
  The name Anglesey was later used in the English language as a county name which included Holy Island and other nearby small islands. About half of the inhabitants can speak, read and write Welsh as well as English, and 70% have a knowledge of Welsh. Once the Welsh language was granted equal status in government with the Welsh Language Act of 1993, the representative constituency names for the island were changed to the Welsh name of the island, Ynys Môn (UK Parliament constituency) in the UK parliament, and Ynys Môn (Assembly constituency) in the National Assembly for Wales. With an area of 714 square kilometres (276 sq mi), Anglesey is the largest Welsh island, the sixth largest surrounding the island of Great Britain, and the largest island in the Irish Sea ahead of the Isle of Man.
  
  wn.com/Anglesey
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  Anglesey Airport
  Anglesey Airport (Maes Awyr Môn or RAF Valley) (IATA: VLY, ICAO: EGOV) is an airport owned by the Isle of Anglesey County Council on land leased from the Defence Infrastructure Organisation. The airport is situated at Llanfair yn Neubwll on the Isle of Anglesey, Wales. The leased site is part of RAF Valley, an RAF station teaching RAF pilots using BAE Hawks. The Airport is operated on the County Council's behalf by Manx2.
  Plans put forward in early 2006 by the National Assembly for Wales have led to a subsidised weekday air service between the airport and Cardiff Airport, 12 miles west of the Welsh capital in the hope of improving the economy of Anglesey and North Wales in general. The twice daily service operated by Highland Airways began in May 2007. Flights to Dublin, London and Amsterdam are being discussed. The service - subsidised under the European Commission's Public Service Obligation (PSO) scheme to connect remote communities with urban centres - is controversial; opponents^[who?] argue that the public funding should have been invested in better rail links between North Wales and the capital. According to Wales Air Network - a single issue pressure group for Welsh air infrastructure - not only did Welsh Assembly Government funding for the airport amount to the largest investment ever by WAG in air transport but that it may have prevented Wales from having a direct link from its capital to New York and other global centres.
  
  wn.com/Anglesey_Airport
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  Anglesey Circuit
  The Anglesey Circuit, or Trac Môn in Welsh is a motor racing circuit located in Aberffraw, Anglesey, Wales. It plays host to a variety of motorsport events, including rallycross. It opened as a fully licensed MSA and ACU championship racing circuit in 1997.
  In 2006, the motorsports venue saw a major overhaul, with the majority of its 1.067 miles (1.72 km) circuit being scrapped in favour of a radical new development that will include four different track layouts: a 2.1 miles (3.4 km) International GP circuit, a 1.55 miles (2.5 km) Coastal Circuit, a slightly shorter National circuit and a Club Circuit that will cover under a mile. One of the straights on the circuit is named after Wales's only F1 driver, Tom Pryce, who died in Kyalami when he hit a track marshal.
  The TV motoring programme Fifth Gear regularly used the Anglesey circuit for the 'Shoot Out' segment of the show. Since the new track configuration, Fifth Gear has opted to use the Coastal layout. The Coastal layout appears to be the most popular among track day enthusiasts because of the difficult downhill corkscrew segment.
  
  wn.com/Anglesey_Circuit
• 
  Bachau
  Coordinates: 53°19′N 4°21′W / 53.32°N 4.35°W / 53.32; -04.35
  Bachau is a small rural hamlet of about a dozen dwellings in Anglesey, north Wales.
  
  wn.com/Bachau
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  Barclodiad y Gawres
  Barclodiad y Gawres (Welsh for 'apronful of the giantess') is a Neolithic burial chamber on the coast of the island of Anglesey in North Wales. It is an example of a cruciform passage grave, a notable feature being its decorated stones. Similar graves and marks exist across the Irish Sea in the Boyne Valley.
  Full excavations were performed in 1952–1953, after which the chamber was re-roofed with concrete and covered with turf to resemble the original structure. During the excavations two cremated young male burials were found within the south-western side-chamber. The central area of the main chamber contained the remains of a fire on which had been poured a stew including wrasse, eel, frog, toad, grass-snake, mouse, shrew and hare, then covered with limpet shells and pebbles.
  During the excavations five stones with carvings—spirals, zig-zags, lozenges and chevrons—were discovered. A sixth stone with carvings was discovered in 2001.
  More or less equidistant from Aberffraw and Rhosneigr, it is on the north side of Porth Trecastell/Cable Bay, on the Anglesey Coastal Path, and a short walk from the A4080. It is cared for by the Welsh heritage organisation Cadw. From April to October at weekends and bank holidays it is possible to enter the chamber, if accompanied by a keyholder (from the Wayside shop in Llanfaelog).
  
  wn.com/Barclodiad_y_Gawres
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  Beaumaris
  Coordinates: 53°15′47″N 4°05′38″W / 53.263°N 4.094°W / 53.263; -4.094
  The Royal Borough of Beaumaris (Welsh: Biwmares) is the former county town of the island of Anglesey, Wales, and is located in the commote of Dindaethwy (and historic rural deanery of Tindaethwy) on the shore of the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from the coast of North Wales.
  Beaumaris was originally a Viking settlement known as Porth y Wygyr ("Port of the Vikings"), but the town itself began its development in 1295 when Edward I of England, having conquered Wales, commissioned the building of Beaumaris Castle as part of a chain of fortifications around the North Wales coast (others include Conwy, Caernarfon and Harlech).
  The castle was built on a marsh and that is where it found its name: the French builders called it beaux marais which translates as "beautiful marshes".
  The ancient village of Llanfaes, a mile to the north of Beaumaris, had been occupied by the Anglo Saxons in 818 but had been regained by Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd, and remained a vital strategic settlement. To counter further Welsh uprisings, and to ensure control of the Menai Strait, Edward I chose the flat coastal plain as the place to build Beaumaris Castle. The castle was designed by the Savoyard mason Master James of St. George and is considered the most perfect example of a concentric castle. The 'troublesome' residents of Llanfaes were removed en bloc to Rhosyr in the west of Anglesey, a new settlement King Edward entitled "Newborough". French and English masons were brought in to construct the castle itself and the walled town.
  
  wn.com/Beaumaris
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  Beaumaris Castle
  Beaumaris Castle, located in the town of the same name on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, was built as part of King Edward I's campaign to conquer the north of Wales. It was designed by James of St. George and was begun in 1295, but never completed. Beaumaris is part of the World Heritage site known as Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd.
  Beaumaris Castle was positioned to face the royal llys at Abergwyngregyn on the opposite shore of the Menai Strait and was intended, along with Conwy Castle and Caernarfon Castle at either end of the Menai Strait, to overshadow the Welsh Royal home and centre of resistance to the English forces. Its constable from 1509 to 1535 was Sir Roland de Velville, a reputed son of King Henry VII of England.
  Beaumaris derives from the Anglo-Norman Beau Mareys meaning "beautiful marsh". English rule in Wales was established after King Edward I of England conquered the country. Provisions for the governance of Wales were set out in the Statute of Rhuddlan, enacted on 3 March 1284. It was divided into counties and shires, emulating how England was governed. The island of Anglesey constituted its own county. The new castles of Harlech and Caernarfon became administrative centres, and the latter was effectively the capital of north Wales. While the decision to build Beaumaris Castle may have been taken early, 1283 has been suggested, building resources at the time were almost at full capacity, with the foundation of Harlech, Caernarfon, and Conwy, and repairs at a number of other castles, all funded by Edward I.
  
  wn.com/Beaumaris_Castle
• 
  Benllech
  Coordinates: 53°19′18″N 4°13′33″W / 53.3216°N 4.2257°W / 53.3216; -4.2257
  Benllech is a small town on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales. It is in the community of Llanfair-Mathafarn-Eithaf, which has a population of 3,408. The popularity of its beach makes Benllech – on the A5025, the main road around Anglesey – one of the most visited places on the island.^{[citation needed]}
  The name Benllech is perhaps a mutated form of penllech, literally "head slab" or "head rock", i.e. "capstone" or "head of the rock". or possibly meaning 'on slate', shortened from the Welsh term 'ar ben llech'.
  Benllech is a popular beach holiday destination. Winner of the European Blue Flag award since 2004, the beach shelves and has an abundance of clean yellow sand. The Anglesey Coastal Path passes through. Benllech is also a popular retirement destination as the main proportion of the village are over 50 and are English speaking. The village won tidiest village on anglesey competition between the years 1973-79.
  The village has a range of unique businesses which include several public houses and hotels, camping and caravan sites and several bed and breakfasts. The community has a primary school, Ysgol Goronwy Owen; library, local GP, community center, police and fire station, tennis court and bowling green and many other attractions you would typically find in a British village. Between 1909 and 1950 there was a railway station close to the village which was the terminus of the Red Wharf Bay branch line.
  
  wn.com/Benllech
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  Blaenau Gwent
  Blaenau Gwent (pronounced /ˌblaɪnaɪ ˈɡwɛnt/, Welsh: [ˈbləɨ.naɨ]) is a county borough in South Wales, sharing its name with a parliamentary constituency. It borders the unitary authority areas of Monmouthshire and Torfaen to the east, Caerphilly to the west and Powys to the north. Its main towns are Abertillery, Brynmawr, Ebbw Vale and Tredegar.
  The borough was formed in 1974 as a local government district of Gwent. It was a merger of the Monmouthshire urban districts of Abertillery, Ebbw Vale, Nantyglo and Blaina and Tredegar, along with Brynmawr urban district and the parish of Llanelly in Brecknockshire.
  It was reconstituted in 1996 as a county borough, excluding Llanelly which instead was transferred to the reconstituted Monmouthshire. The area is now governed by Blaenau Gwent County Borough Council.
  
  wn.com/Blaenau_Gwent
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  Bodedern
  Bodedern is a village in the west of Anglesey, North Wales, at grid reference SH334804. The Royal Mail postcode begins LL65. The population was 1,017 in 1991.
  The village has a fully bilingual secondary school, Ysgol Uwchradd Bodedern and a football team, Bodedern Athletic F.C. who play in the Welsh Alliance League. It is the village closest to the islands largest natural lake, Llyn Llywenan, which is found 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) to the north. The parish church (St Edern's Church, Bodedern) dates from the 14th century and is a Grade II* listed building.
  Coordinates: 53°17′39″N 4°30′04″W / 53.29429°N 4.50112°W / 53.29429; -4.50112
  
  wn.com/Bodedern
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  Bodewryd
  Coordinates: 53°23′N 4°25′W / 53.38°N 4.42°W / 53.38; -04.42
  Bodewryd is a village in Anglesey, Wales.
  The village church is St Mary's, Bodewryd, a small medieval church. It is said by the Diocese of Bangor to be the second-smallest church in Anglesey. The date of construction is unknown, but there was a church on this site in 1254 and the earliest feature to which a date can be given is a doorway, said to be from the 15th century or perhaps about 1500. When the church was restored in 1867 after being struck by lightning, stained glass with Islamic-influenced patterns was included in the windows, a requirement of Lord Stanley of Alderley, the church's benefactor, who was a convert to Islam. The church is still in use, as part of the Church in Wales, and is one of five churches in a combined parish. It is a Grade II listed building, a designation given to "buildings of special interest, which warrant every effort being made to preserve them", in particular because it is a "simple, rural church of Medieval origins."
  
  wn.com/Bodewryd
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  Bodffordd
  Coordinates: 53°15′N 4°22′W / 53.25°N 4.37°W / 53.25; -04.37
  Bodffordd is a village and community in central Anglesey, Wales. As of 2001 the population as a community was 909.
  Bodffordd is located just under two miles away from the county town, Llangefni and is on the south-western edge of the reservoir Llyn Cefni. It is the nearest settlement to RAF Mona. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, 77.9% of the population in the electoral division can speak the Welsh language. The age group with the highest number is the 15 year olds, where 100% can speak the language.
  The village was originally called Bodffordd Esgob, the Esgob indicating that it belonged to a bishop, the Bishop of Bangor in this case. Village life once revolved around the windmill just north of the village and its related trades. This has now been converted into a private residence. The village was also on a drovers road on the way to Llangefni market and there were two poor houses nearby. Many of these older dwelling have fallen into disrepair but the village church, dedicated to St. Llwydian's, is still in good condition.
  
  wn.com/Bodffordd
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  Bodorgan
  Coordinates: 53°10′48″N 4°24′36″W / 53.180°N 4.410°W / 53.180; -4.410
  Bodorgan is a hamlet and a surrounding community area on the Isle of Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom.
  According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, there are 1,503 residents in the electoral ward, 72.7% of them being able to speak Welsh: the local government community of Bodorgan, including the village of Llangadwaladr and a number of other small hamlets, had a total of 900 inhabitants.
  It is served by Bodorgan railway station, which is located near the hamlets of Bethel and Llangadwaladr to the north-west.
  
  wn.com/Bodorgan
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  Bodowyr
  Bodowyr is a Neolithic burial chamber made of a few large stacked stones (also known as a dolmen or a passage grave) in a farmer's field on the north Wales island of Anglesey.
  It is under the care of the Welsh Heritage organisation Cadw.
  Media related to Bodowyr Burial Chamber at Wikimedia Commons
  Coordinates: 53°11′16″N 4°18′12″W / 53.18769°N 4.30330°W / 53.18769; -4.30330
  
  wn.com/Bodowyr
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  Brecknockshire
  Brecknockshire (Welsh: Sir Frycheiniog), also known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon is one of thirteen historic counties of Wales, and a former administrative county.
  Brecknockshire was bounded to the north by Radnorshire, to the east by Herefordshire and Monmouthshire, to the south by Monmouthshire and Glamorgan, and to the west by Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire. The county is predominantly rural and mountainous. The Black Mountains occupy the southeast of the area, the Brecon Beacons the central region, Fforest Fawr the southwest and Mynydd Epynt the north. The highest point is Pen y Fan, 2907 ft (886 m). The River Wye traces nearly the whole of the northern boundary, and the Usk flows in an easterly direction through the central valley. The main towns are Brecon, Builth Wells, Crickhowell, Hay-on-Wye, Llanwrtyd Wells, Talgarth and Ystradgynlais.
  The kingdom of Brycheiniog was established in the 5th century and survived until the 10th century when it was subjugated by the Anglo-Saxons. During the Norman period, the area was classified as a Lordship. The Lord of Brycheiniog was subject to the Mortimer family who ruled most of south and east Wales in an area called the Welsh Marches. During the reign of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd of Gwynedd the homage of the Lord of Brycheiniog was transferred to him from the King of England (Henry III) by the Treaty of Montgomery in 1267. However, it was an attack on Brycheiniog by the Marcher Lords Humphrey de Bohun and Roger Mortimer in 1276 which led to the final breakdown of the peace between England and Wales after which Llywelyn's domain was reduced to just his lands in Gwynedd. Brycheiniog was thereafter subject to the King of England.
  
  wn.com/Brecknockshire
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  Britannia Bridge
  Britannia Bridge (Welsh: Pont Britannia) is a bridge across the Menai Strait between the island of Anglesey and the mainland of Wales. It was originally designed and built by Robert Stephenson as a tubular bridge of wrought iron rectangular box-section spans for carrying rail traffic. Following a fire in 1970 it was rebuilt as a two-tier steel truss arch bridge, carrying both road and rail traffic.
  The opening of the Menai Bridge in 1826, a mile (1.6 km) to the east of where Britannia Bridge was later built, provided the first fixed road link between Anglesey and the mainland. The increasing popularity of rail travel necessitated a second bridge to provide a direct rail link between London and the port of Holyhead, the Chester and Holyhead Railway.
  Other railway schemes were proposed, including one in 1838 to cross Thomas Telford's existing Menai Bridge. Railway pioneer George Stephenson was invited to comment on this proposal but stated his concern about re-using the suspension bridge. By 1840, a Treasury committee decided broadly in favour of Stephenson's proposals, with final consent to the route including Britannia Bridge given in 1845. Stephenson's son Robert was appointed as chief engineer.
  
  wn.com/Britannia_Bridge
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  Bryn Celli Ddu
  Bryn Celli Ddu is a prehistoric site on the Welsh island of Anglesey located near Llanddaniel Fab. Its name means 'the mound in the dark grove'. It was plundered in 1699 and archaeologically excavated between 1928 and 1929.
  During the Neolithic period a stone circle and henge stood at the site. An area of burnt material containing a small human bone from the ear, covered with a flat stone, was recovered.
  The stones were removed in the early Bronze Age when an archetypal passage grave was built over the top of the centre of the henge. A carved stone with a twisting, serpentine design stood in the burial chamber. It has since been moved to the National Museum of Wales and replaced with a replica standing outside. An earth barrow covering the grave is a twentieth century restoration; the original was probably much bigger.
  Norman Lockyer, who in 1906 published the first systematic study of megalithic astronomy, had argued that Bryn Celli Ddu marked the summer solstice. This was ridiculed at the time, but research by Christopher Knight and Robert Lomas in 1997- 98 showed this to be true. Knight and Lomas also claimed year round alignments allowed the site to be used as an agricultural calendar. Steve Burrow, curator of Neolithic archaeology at Amgueddfa Cymru (National Museum of Wales) has more recently supported the case for summer solstice alignment. This alignment links Bryn Celli Ddu to a handful of other sites, including Maes Howe and Newgrange, both of which point to the midwinter solstice. It has also been suggested that a feature similar to the 'lightbox' at Newgrange may be matched at Bryn Celli Ddu (Pitts, 2006).
  
  wn.com/Bryn_Celli_Ddu
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  Bryn Gwyn stones
  The Bryn Gwyn stones stand about 280 metres to the south-west of Castell Bryn Gwyn, on the low ridge some 2 metres above the valley of the Afon Braint on the Isle of Anglesey in Wales. They are the tallest standing stones in Wales, some 4 metres high. In 1723 Henry Rowlands described them as part of a ruinous circle of eight stones, some 16 metres across. An account of 1797 says that "ignorant country people supposing money was hid under them tore them up" and today only two stones, one slab and one pillar, stand in a modern field bank. Nothing else is visible on the ground, but recent excavation has found three pits of standing stones, two containing stone stumps, consistent with the record by Rowlands. One other standing stone was not part of the circle. A public footpath runs past the stones from Bryngwyn-mawr on the A4080 road, continuing north-east past Castell Bryn Gwyn and some 800 metres further to Caer Lêb.
  From the Bryn Gwyn Stones the midsummer sun rises over the centre of Castell Bryn Gwyn.
  
  wn.com/Bryn_Gwyn_stones
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  Bryngwran
  Bryngwran is a village on the A5 road across Anglesey in North Wales. It lies just east of RAF Valley.
  
  
  Coordinates: 53°16′N 4°29′W / 53.267°N 4.483°W / 53.267; -4.483
  
  wn.com/Bryngwran
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  Brynrefail
  Brynrefail is a small village in north-east Anglesey, Wales.
  It is located in the civil parish of Moelfre on the A5025 between Amlwch and Benllech.
  As the settlement is very small it has very few amenities. Those it does have include a late 19th century church, a craft shop/general store, a garden centre and a community hall which was opened in 1995. The island's only paintball site is located close to the village and Tyddyn Mon, a 'Learning Disability Wales' centre, is found in the village.
  The village is on bus route 62 which runs every half an hour between Bangor and Amlwch. It is the best stop for the beaches of Dulas Bay and Lligwy Bay (which are about 1.5 miles away) as well as the nearby camping and caravan sites.
  Four men from the village lost their lives in World War II. Their names are displayed on the village war memorial next to the chapel.
  Coordinates: 53°21′23″N 4°17′01″W / 53.3565°N 4.2836°W / 53.3565; -4.2836
  
  
  
  wn.com/Brynrefail
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  Burwen
  Coordinates: 53°25′N 4°23′W / 53.41°N 4.39°W / 53.41; -04.39
  Burwen is a village in Anglesey, Wales.
  
  wn.com/Burwen
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  Caer Lêb
  Caer Lêb is a prehistoric site on the Welsh island of Anglesey, west of Brynsiencyn. Its name means "Leaven Castle". It is a low-lying site near the Afon Braint with a double row of pentangular banks (some parts now levelled) and marshy ditches. The original entrance was on the east, other gaps are modern and caused by animals. Based on the excavation of a similar site elsewhere on Anglesey, it may date from the 2nd century BCE.
  Excavations in 1865 found structures within the enclosure, rectangular buildings on the east and a circular one on the south. Nothing of these can now be seen on the ground. Pottery from the 2nd century to the 4th century was found, and on the north side a layer of periwinkle shells and a mediaeval coin, under a layer of peat.
  There is a parking area, sufficient for 4-5 cars, by the roadside. A footpath goes southwest on a low ridge, some 2 metres above the Afon Braint, from Caer Lêb over stiles, past the site of the former stone circle of Tre'r Dryw Bach, some 800 metres to Castell Bryn Gwyn and on to the Bryn Gwyn stones and the A4080.
  
  wn.com/Caer_Lêb
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  Cardiff
  Cardiff (ⁱ/ˈkɑrdɪf/; Welsh: Caerdydd (info) Welsh pronunciation: [kairˈdiːð, kaˑɨrˈdɨːð]) is the capital and largest city in Wales and the 10th largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is Wales' chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. The unitary authority area's mid 2010 population was estimated to be 341,054, while the population of the Larger Urban Zone was estimated at 861,400 in 2009. Cardiff is a significant tourism centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked 6th in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.
  The city of Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan (and later South Glamorgan). Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities. The Cardiff Urban Area covers a slightly larger area outside of the county boundary, and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth. A small town until the early 19th century, its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city.
  
  wn.com/Cardiff
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  Carmarthenshire
  Carmarthenshire (Welsh: Sir Gaerfyrddin or Sir Gâr) is a unitary authority in the south west of Wales and one of thirteen historic counties. It is the third largest in Wales. The three largest towns are Llanelli, Carmarthen and Ammanford. The county town and administrative centre of Carmarthenshire is Carmarthen and the most populous settlement is the area in and around the town of Llanelli.
  With its fertile land and agricultural produce, Carmarthenshire is known as the "Garden of Wales".
  Carmarthenshire has its early roots in the region formerly known as Ystrad Tywi (Vale of [the river] Tywi) and part of the Principality of Deheubarth during the High Middle Ages, with the court at Dinefwr.
  Following the Edwardian Conquest of Wales, the region was reorganized by the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 into Carmarthenshire.
  Carmarthenshire has been spelt in other ways in the past, including:
  Carmarthenshire became an administrative county with a county council taking over functions from the Quarter Sessions under the Local Government Act 1888. Under the Local Government Act 1972, the administrative county of Carmarthenshire was abolished on 1 April 1974 and the area of Carmarthenshire became three districts within the new county of Dyfed : Carmarthen, Dinefwr and Llanelli. Under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, Dyfed was abolished on 1 April 1996 and the three districts united to form a unitary authority which had the same boundaries as the original Carmarthenshire. In 2003, following a local campaign, the Clunderwen community council area was transferred to Pembrokeshire.
  
  wn.com/Carmarthenshire
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  Castell Bryn Gwyn
  Castell Bryn Gwyn is a prehistoric site on the Isle of Anglesey, west of Brynsiencyn. It is a circular clay and gravel bank covered with grass, still some 1.5m high and revetted externally by stone walls, which surround a level area some 54 metres in diameter. Its name means "White Hill Castle".^{[citation needed]}
  The original use of this site is uncertain although it may have been a religious sanctuary. Later Neolithic pottery indicates use in this period, and it may have been a henge monument at this time. The earliest bank and ditch belong to the end of the neolithic period (2500-2000 BC). During the Iron Age, the present wall was built, and it was refortified in Roman times and later.
  Parking is exiguous; the site is accessible from the A4080 by a footpath. Another path follows the low ridge, southwest over stiles to the Bryn Gwyn stones, or northeast, past the site of the former stone circle of Tre'r Dryw Bach, some 800 metres to Caer Lêb where it meets a minor road with limited parking space.^{[citation needed]}
  
  wn.com/Castell_Bryn_Gwyn
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  Cemaes
  Cemaes is a village on the north coast of Anglesey in Wales (grid reference SH369933), on Cemaes Bay, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, which is partly owned by the National Trust. Population 1,392 (Llanbadrig ward). It is home to both a wind farm and a nuclear power station (Wylfa). It is also a fishing port and is known for its beach. The village also has a football team, Cemaes Bay F.C., that play in the Welsh Alliance League, but once got as high as the League of Wales, becoming the first team on Anglesey to do so.
  Cemaes is the most northerly village in Wales and its development has been shaped by the natural resources available to it. Cemaes Bay is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, some of which is owned by the National Trust. The village includes a sheltered natural harbour that looks north to the Irish Sea and is a site of an ancient settlement that in more recent centuries has become a centre for maritime activities.
  Since Victorian times, the picturesque character of Cemaes and the natural beauty of the island has attracted many artists. They have responded to the sea and sky as it changes with the weather, the superb sunsets, the multicoloured rocks and sands exposed on the cliffs and beaches as well as the charm of Cemaes village.
  
  wn.com/Cemaes
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  Ceredigion
  Ceredigion (Welsh pronunciation: [kɛrɛˈdɪɡjɔn]) is a county and former kingdom in mid-west Wales. As Cardiganshire (Welsh: Sir Aberteifi), it was created in 1282, and was reconstituted as a county under that name in 1996, reverting to Ceredigion a day later. In extent the current county is more or less identical to the historic county.
  In pre-Roman, and possibly Roman times, a part of southern Ceredigion was in the territory of the Demetae and possibly part of that of the Ordovices. According to Nennius, a 10th-century Welsh chronicler, Ceredig, son of the Welsh invader Cunedda, settled in the area in the 5th century. It remained a kingdom ruled by his descendants until it expanded and changed its name, first to Seisyllwg in the late 7th century and, after the union of Seisyllwg with the Kingdom of Dyfed, it was incorporated into Deheubarth in the mid 10th century.
  In 1282, Edward I of England conquered the principality of Wales and divided the area into counties. The name Cardigan was an Anglicisation of the name for the historic kingdom of Ceredigion. One of thirteen traditional counties in Wales, Cardiganshire was also a vice-county. Cardiganshire was split into the five hundreds (administrative area) of Genau'r-Glyn, Ilar, Moyddyn, Penarth and Troedyraur. The area of the county became a district of Wales under the name Ceredigion in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 and, since 1996, has formed the county of Ceredigion.
  
  wn.com/Ceredigion
• Cestyll Garden
  Cestyll Garden is a secluded garden with picturesque sea views near Cemaes on the north west coast of the island of Anglesey in North Wales, United Kingdom.
  It was once home to the Hon. Violet Vivian, who began transforming the rugged landscape into a fine garden in 1922.
  With an interesting range of plants, the garden is at its best in late May. Here you will see, among others, white rhodedendrons, Japanese Maple, yellow Witch Hazel and Azaleas.
  The garden is open to the general public during the Spring Bank Holiday, and may be visited by special arrangement by contacting the present owners at the nearby Wylfa Nuclear Power Station.
  Coordinates: 53°24′38″N 4°29′28″W / 53.4105°N 4.4910°W / 53.4105; -4.4910
  
  wn.com/Cestyll_Garden
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  Chester
  Coordinates: 53°11′33″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1926°N 2.8918°W / 53.1926; -2.8918
  Chester ( /ˈtʃɛstər/ CHESS-tər), is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 80,121 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
  Chester was founded as a "castrum" or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix in the year 79 by the Roman Legio II Adiutrix during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian. Chester's four main roads, Eastgate, Northgate, Watergate and Bridge, follow routes laid out at this time – almost 2,000 years ago. One of the three main Roman army bases, Deva later became a major settlement in the Roman province of Britannia. After the Romans left in the 5th century, the Saxons fortified the town against the Danes and gave Chester its name. The patron saint of Chester, Werburgh, is buried in Chester Cathedral.
  
  wn.com/Chester
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  Church Island
  Coordinates: 53°13′21.9″N 4°10′16.6″W / 53.22275°N 4.171278°W / 53.22275; -4.171278
  Church Island (Welsh: Ynys Dysilio) is a small island in the Menai Strait on the shores of Anglesey to which it is attached by a short causeway that is reachable only on foot off the Belgian Promenade. The whole 2.7 acres (11,000 m²) of the island is taken up with St Tysilio's church, constructed in the 15th century, and the churchyard. The 20th-century bard Cynan (Albert Evans-Jones) is buried in the churchyard. The Anglesey Coastal Path passes the head of the causeway.
  On top of the highest point of the small island is a memorial to the local men who died during the World wars. This is also the best place on the island from which to view the Menai Strait and the two bridges that cross it.
  In 2002, Little Egrets bred in Wales for the first time on a small islet just off Church Island.
  
  wn.com/Church_Island
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  Clwyd
  Clwyd (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈklʊɨd]) is a preserved county of Wales, situated in the north-east, bordering England with Cheshire to its east, Shropshire to the south-east, and the Welsh counties of Gwynedd to its immediate west and Powys to the south. It additionally shares a maritime border with the metropolitan county of Merseyside along the River Dee. Between 1974 and 1996, it was a county with a county council, and it was divided into six districts. It is named after the River Clwyd, which runs through the region. It was also a Royal Mail postal county before the postal county scheme was abolished in 1996. Clwyd County Council was based in the county town of Mold.
  From the late 1950s, the radical reform of local government in Wales was considered more pressing than that in England, due to the small size of many of the existing authorities, especially the upper tier county councils. The Local Government Commission for Wales set up in 1958 was the first to recommend wholesale amalgamation of the administrative counties outside Glamorgan and Monmouthshire, with extensive boundary changes; however the then Minister of Housing and Local Government Sir Keith Joseph decided not to accept the report, noting that county amalgamations in England had been highly unpopular when proposed.
  
  wn.com/Clwyd
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  Clwydian Range
  The Clwydian Range (Welsh: Bryniau Clwyd) is a series of hills and mountains in north east Wales that runs from Llandegla in the south to Prestatyn in the north, with the highest point being the popular Moel Famau. The range is designated as an area of outstanding natural beauty.
  The summits of these hills provide extensive views across north Wales, to the high peaks of Snowdonia, eastwards across the Cheshire Plain, Peak District and towards Manchester and Liverpool to the northeast. The AONB is to be extended to include the Dee Valley around Llangollen and Horseshoe Pass.
  The Clwydian Hills are formed from an upstanding block of Silurian age sandstones, mudstones and siltstones. The range's rocks are intensely faulted; the major Vale of Clwyd Fault is responsible for the impressive west-facing scarp of the Clwydian Range. It downthrows the rocks to the west and separates the younger Carboniferous and Permo-Triassic rocks of the Vale of Clwyd from those of the hills.
  The range includes a number of hills possessing Iron Age hill forts, including (from the north) Y Foel (Moel Hiraddug), Moel-y-gaer, Penycloddiau, Moel Arthur, a second Moel y Gaer and Foel Fenlli. There are, as with many places in the west of Britain, a number of legends associated with King Arthur surrounding these hills.
  
  wn.com/Clwydian_Range
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  Colwyn
  The Borough of Colwyn was one of six districts of the county of Clwyd, north-east Wales, from 1974 to 1996.
  It was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 from the following parts of the administrative county of Denbighshire:
  The borough was abolished in 1996, when wales was divided into unitary authorities created by the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994. The area of Colwyn was split: a large part going to Aberconwy and Colwyn county borough, (soon renamed as Conwy), and the remainder going to Denbighshire unitary authority.
  Colwyn is twinned with Konstanz, Germany and Roissy-en-Brie, France.
  Coordinates: 53°10′N 3°35′W / 53.17°N 3.58°W / 53.17; -3.58
  
  
  
  wn.com/Colwyn
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  Conwy County Borough
  Conwy County Borough (Welsh: Bwrdeisdref Sirol Conwy) is a unitary authority area in north of Wales.
  It contains the major settlements of Llandudno, Llandudno Junction, Llanrwst, Betws-y-Coed, Conwy, Colwyn Bay, Abergele, Penmaenmawr and Llanfairfechan, and has a total population of about 110,000.
  The River Conwy, after which the county borough is named, lies wholly within the area: rising in Snowdonia and flowing through Llanrwst and Trefriw en route to the Irish Sea by Conwy. The river here marks the border between the historic counties of Caernarfonshire and Denbighshire.
  One third of the land area of the county borough lies in the Snowdonia national park, and the council appoint three of the 18 members of the Snowdonia National Park Authority.
  According to the 2001 Census 39.7% of the population of the county borough have "one or more skills" in the Welsh language, which ranks it 5th out of 22 principal areas in Wales.
  The amount of Welsh spoken in the county borough greatly varies from location to location, with generally the least being spoken on the coastal fringe.
  
  wn.com/Conwy_County_Borough
• 
  Cribinau
  Cribinau is a small tidal island off the south west coast of the isle of Anglesey in Wales between Porth China and Porth Cwyfan. The nearest village is Aberffraw. The island, which can be reached on foot at low tide, is notable for the 13th-century church of St Cwyfan, known locally as eglwys bach y mor (the little church in the sea) or simply as Cwyfan. The church remains in use and is popular for weddings and christenings.
  Seventeenth-century maps show the church standing on the mainland of Anglesey but erosion by the sea of the boulder clay cliffs has created the island. To prevent the church falling into the sea, a protective wall was built in the nineteenth century around the island.
  Coordinates: 53°11′05″N 4°29′36″W / 53.18477°N 4.49324°W / 53.18477; -4.49324
  
  wn.com/Cribinau
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  Cwm Cadnant
  Coordinates: 53°14′53″N 4°09′10″W / 53.248069°N 4.152677°W / 53.248069; -4.152677
  Cwm Cadnant is a community in Anglesey, north Wales. Named after the local river, Afon Cadnant, which flows through it, the community takes in the area between the Menai Bridge and Beaumaris. It includes the villages of Llandegfan and Llansadwrn and as of the 2001 census it had a population of 2222 inhabitants.
  The lower part of the Afon Cadnant, which passes through part of Llandegfan is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The site was selected as an example of Brachypodium sylvaticum ‑ Quercus/Fraxinus broadleaved woodland.
  The area has a long history with several buildings of note. St Sadwrn's church in the village of Llansadwrn contains a 6th century memorial to Saint Saturnius after whom the church and subsequently the village is named. The area was once the site of Treffos Manor, the medieval residence of the Bishop of Bangor, but there are no visible remains and the site is now contains an isolated farm house. Cwm Cadnant is also home to Hafoty one of the finest medieval houses on Anglesey. Home to the constable of Beaumaris Castle around the 1530s, Hafoty is believed to have been originally constructed in the second quarter of the 14th century.
  
  wn.com/Cwm_Cadnant
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  Cynon Valley
  Coordinates: 51°39′25″N 3°27′40″W / 51.657°N 3.461°W / 51.657; -3.461
  The Cwm Cynon (English: Cynon Valley) is one of many former coal mining valley within the South Wales Valleys of Wales. The Cwm Cynon lies between Cwm Rhondda and the Merthyr Valley. The Cwm Cynon has two main towns; Aberdare (Welsh: Aberdâr) located North of the Valley and Mountain Ash (Welsh: Aberpennar) located in the South of the Valley.
  According to the 2001 Census, the Cynon Valley has a population of 63,512. In 2001 12.1% of the inhabitants were recorded as Welsh speakers, where as today are probably more. In common with some of the other South Wales Valleys, the Cwm Cynon was highly Welsh speaking until the early 20th century.
  From 1974 to 1996 the Borough of Cynon Valley was one of thirty-seven districts of Wales, this borough was the Cynon Valley Borough Council (Welsh:Cyngor Bwrdeistref Cwm Cynon), this formed from the Aberdare and Mountain Ash urban districts, the parish of Rhigos from Neath Rural District and the parish of Penderyn from Brecknockshire. It was one of six districts in the county of Mid Glamorgan, and in 1996 was merged into the larger unitary authority of Rhondda Cynon Taf.
  
  wn.com/Cynon_Valley
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  Denbighshire
  Denbighshire (Welsh: Sir Ddinbych) is a county in north-east Wales. It is named after the historic county of Denbighshire, but has substantially different borders. Denbighshire has the distinction of being the oldest inhabited part of Wales. Pontnewydd (Bontnewydd-Llanelwy) Palaeolithic site has remains of Neanderthals from 225,000 years ago. There are several castles in the region- Denbigh Castle, Rhuddlan Castle, Ruthin Castle, Castell Dinas Bran and Bodelwyddan Castle.
  The present principal area was formed on April 1, 1996, under the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, from various parts of the county of Clwyd. It included the district of Rhuddlan (which was formed in 1974 entirely from Flintshire), the communities of Trefnant and Cefn Meiriadog from the district of Colwyn (which was entirely Denbighshire) and most of the Glyndŵr district. The part of the Glyndŵr district included the entirety of the former Edeyrnion Rural District, which was part of the administrative county of Merionethshire prior to 1974 – which covered the parishes of Betws Gwerfil Goch, Corwen, Gwyddelwern, Llangar, Llandrillo yn Edeirnion and Llansanffraid.
  
  wn.com/Denbighshire
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  Denmark
  The Kingdom of Denmark (Danish: Kongeriget Danmark, pronounced [ˈkɔŋəʁiːəð ˈdanmɑɡ̊] ( listen)) is a constitutional monarchy and sovereign state consisting the country of Denmark in northern Europe and two autonomous constituent countries, the Faroe Islands in the North Atlantic and Greenland in North America. The kingdom is a unitary state with some power being devolved from Denmark proper to Greenland and the Faroe Islands; this polity is referred to as the Danish Realm. Denmark proper is the hegemonial area, where judicial, executive, and legislative power resides. The Faroe Islands are defined to be a community of people within the kingdom, and the Greenlandic people are defined as a separate people with the right to self-determination.
  Denmark is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, located southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The country consists of a large peninsula, Jutland and many islands, most notably Zealand, Funen, Lolland, Falster and Bornholm, as well as hundreds of minor islands often referred to as the Danish Archipelago.
  
  wn.com/Denmark
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  Din Lligwy
  Din Lligwy (or Din Llugwy) hut circle is an ancient village site near the east coast of Anglesey, close to the village of Moelfre, North Wales.
  Excavations in 1905-1907 produced hundreds of Roman period pot sherds of the 3rd and 4th centuries CE, many repaired with iron clamps. Animal bones were found too, some made into tools and one into a musical instrument. The most important economic activity, however, appears to have been iron working, smithing and perhaps smelting.
  Despite the mainly Roman finds, the origins of the settlement may well go back into the Iron Age and it was probably a small farming community. From excavation, it seems that the round structures were probably houses and the rectangular ones barns or workshops.
  For a pre-Roman site, a great deal remains including the enclosing wall and the foundations of many buildings, many of them with substantial and well made foundations constructed from the local limestone. The outer protective wall is almost intact although much reduced in height.
  
  wn.com/Din_Lligwy
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  Dinefwr
  Coordinates: 51°52′59″N 4°00′47″W / 51.883°N 4.013°W / 51.883; -4.013
  Dinefwr was a local government district of Dyfed, Wales from 1974 to 1996. It was named after Dinefwr Castle which was the royal capital of the Principality of Deheubarth and one of the three principal royal courts of Wales.
  It was formed by the merger of the borough of Llandovery, the urban districts of Ammanford, Cwmamman and Llandeilo along with Llandeilo Rural District, from the administrative county of Carmarthenshire. In 1996 the district became part the new county of Carmarthenshire.
  With the death of Rhodri Mawr, the Kingdom of Gwynedd passed to his eldest son Anarawd ap Rhodri. Rhodri's second son Cadell ap Rhodri, however, looked outside Gwynedd's traditional borders and took possession of the Dark Ages Kingdom of Dyfed by the late 9th century, establishing his capital at the citadel of Dinefwr. Cadell ap Rhodri's descendants are designated Dinefwr after the citadel from which they would rule Dyfed. The Dinefwr dynasty under king Hywel Dda would unite Dyfed and Seisyllwg into the Kingdom of Deheubarth in the early 10th century. The Dinefwr dynasty would rule in Deheubarth until their conquest by the Anglo-Normans in the 13th century. This branch would compete with House Aberffraw for supremacy and influence in Wales throughout the 10th, 11th, and 12th century, with Powys variously ruled between them. Eventually, a cadet branch of Dinefwr would establish itself in Powys by the mid 11th century, designated Mathrafal after the castle there.
  
  wn.com/Dinefwr
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  District of Arfon
  Arfon was one of five districts of Gwynedd, Wales, from 1974 to 1996.
  It was created by the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974 from part of the administrative county of Caernarfonshire, namely the municipal boroughs of Bangor and Caernarfon, the Bethesda urban district, the rural districts of Ogwen, and the Gwyrfai Rural District, less the parishes of Beddgelert and Clynnog.
  It was abolished as a district on 1 April 1996, when Gwynedd was reconstituted as a unitary authority. The area remains in use for an area committee of Gwynedd Council.
  Arfon means "opposite Anglesey" ('Ar' + 'Fôn' which is the soft mutation of 'Môn', the Welsh name for Anglesey). The name is ancient and has been used to designate the area since early medieval times. In the Middle Ages Cantref Arfon was an administrative unit of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. Arfon survived as a geocultural name (Welsh: bro) over the centuries and remains in use today. It is also sometimes found as a personal name (e.g. Arfon Griffiths).
  
  wn.com/District_of_Arfon
• District of Cardiff
  Coordinates: 51°28′52″N 3°10′48″W / 51.481°N 3.180°W / 51.481; -3.180
  The Cardiff district (Welsh: Caerdydd) was one of the two local government districts of South Glamorgan in Wales from 1974 to 1996.
  The district comprised the county borough of Cardiff and several surrounding parishes. Letters patent continuing the city status of the county borough were granted on April 1, 1974. The district was therefore styled the City of Cardiff.
  The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972, from the county borough of Cardiff, the parishes of Lisvane, Llanedeyrn, Radyr, St. Fagans and Tongwynlais from the Cardiff rural district in the administrative county of Glamorgan and the parish of St Mellons from the Magor and St Mellons Rural District in the administrative county of Monmouthshire.
  The district was abolished in 1996 by the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, when it was reconstituted, with the addition of Pentyrch, as the City and County of Cardiff.
  
  wn.com/District_of_Cardiff
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  District of Delyn
  Coordinates: 53°16′01″N 3°10′34″W / 53.267°N 3.176°W / 53.267; -3.176
  Delyn is an area in north Wales. From 1974 to 1996 it was a district of Clwyd, but is now included in the county of Flintshire. Delyn is twinned with Menden, Germany.
  The Borough of Delyn was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 by the merger of Flint Municipal Borough with the urban districts of Holywell and Mold, and Holywell Rural District.
  The name "Delyn" was formed by combining the names of the area's principal rivers: the Dee and the Alyn. The neighbouring district was originally named Alyn-Dee for the same reason. "Y Delyn" is also Welsh for "The Harp", a fact reflected in the borough's coat of arms.
  
  wn.com/District_of_Delyn
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  District of Llanelli
  Coordinates: 51°40′44″N 4°09′47″W / 51.679°N 4.163°W / 51.679; -4.163
  The Borough of Llanelli was one of thirty-seven local government districts in Wales from 1974 to 1996. It was the smallest of six districts in the newly-created county of Dyfed, and was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 by a merger of the municipal boroughs of Llanelli and Kidwelly, Burry Port urban district and Llanelli Rural District all in the former administrative county of Carmarthenshire. The district was governed by Llanelli Borough Council which was based in the town of Llanelli.
  The district was abolished in 1996 to form part of the new county of Carmarthenshire.
  The coat of arms with the motto 'Ymlaen Llanelli' was transferred from the former municipal borough to the Llanelli Borough Council by Order in Council in 1975. Llanelli Town Council, which covers the same area as the former municipal borough, was granted a new coat of arms in 1981.
  
  wn.com/District_of_Llanelli
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  District of Monmouth
  The Monmouth district (Welsh: Trefynwy) was one of five districts of Gwent in Wales between 1974 and 1996. In 1988 the district was granted a charter conferring borough status, becoming the Borough of Monmouth (although this should not be confused with the historic municipal borough of Monmouth).
  The district was created by the Local Government Act 1972 from the following parts of the administrative county of Monmouthshire:
  The headquarters of the district council was Mamhilad House, Pontypool. This had previously been the administrative centre of Pontypool Rural District, and was in the neighbouring district of Torfaen.
  The borough was abolished in 1996 by the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, with the area forming nearly all of the new principal area of Monmouthshire (along with Llanelly from Blaenau Gwent).
  The Parliamentary consitiuency of Monmouth covers roughly the same area.
  Coordinates: 51°40′N 3°00′W / 51.667°N 3°W / 51.667; -3
  
  wn.com/District_of_Monmouth
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  District of Neath
  Coordinates: 51°39′40″N 3°48′14″W / 51.661°N 3.804°W / 51.661; -3.804
  Neath (Welsh: Castell-nedd) was one of the four local government districts of West Glamorgan, Wales from 1974 to 1996. It was formed from the municipal borough of Neath, along with all of Neath Rural District apart from Rhigos parish, which went to Cynon Valley district.
  In 1996 it merged with the district of Port Talbot to form Neath Port Talbot County Borough.
  
  wn.com/District_of_Neath
• District of Newport
  Coordinates: 51°35′17″N 2°59′53″W / 51.588°N 2.998°W / 51.588; -2.998
  The Newport district (Welsh: Casnewydd) was one of the five local government districts of Gwent from 1974 to 1996. The district comprised the county borough of Newport and several surrounding parishes. It inherited the borough status of the former authority and was therefore styled as the Borough of Newport.
  The district was formed by the Local Government Act 1972, from the county borough of Newport, the Caerleon Urban District and Magor and St Mellons Rural District (except the parishes of Henllys and St Mellons) from the administrative county of Monmouthshire.
  The district was abolished in 1996 by the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, when it was reconstituted as the unitary authority county borough of Newport.
  The right to use the armorial bearings of the Newport Corporation which were lost when the corporation was abolished on April 1, 1974 were only officially transferred to the new authority on March 14, 1996, some 18 days before it too was abolished. The present city council was awarded the right to use the arms on July 26, 1996.
  
  wn.com/District_of_Newport
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  District of Rhondda
  Rhondda (Welsh: Y Rhondda) was a local government district based around the geographical area of the Rhondda Valley, south Wales.
  The district was initially created as Ystradyfodwg Local Government District from parts of Ystradyfodwg, Llanwonno and Llantrisant parishes, Glamorgan, in 1877, when the Local Government Act 1858 was adopted. A local board was formed to govern the area.
  The Local Government Act 1894 reconstituted the area as Ystradyfodwg Urban District, with an elected urban district council replacing the local board. It was renamed Rhondda Urban District in 1897 after the River Rhondda. In 1955 Rhondda received a charter of incorporation to become the Municipal Borough of Rhondda.
  The Local Government Act 1972 completely reorganised local government in Wales in 1974. The Borough of Rhondda, with an identical area to the municipal borough, was one of six local government districts of the new county of Mid Glamorgan from 1974 to 1996.
  The borough was abolished in 1996, with its area passing to the unitary Rhondda Cynon Taf county borough.
  
  wn.com/District_of_Rhondda
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  District of Rhuddlan
  Coordinates: 53°17′28″N 3°27′54″W / 53.291°N 3.465°W / 53.291; -3.465
  The Borough of Rhuddlan was one of six districts of the county of Clwyd, north-east Wales, from 1974 to 1996. It was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 from part of the administrative county of Flintshire, namely the urban districts of Prestatyn and Rhyl and St Asaph Rural District.
  The district was named after Rhuddlan Castle, where the Statute of Rhuddlan was issued in 1284. This was illustrated in the borough's coat of arms which showed a castle of the time of Edward I in the shield, and a Welsh dragon grasping a parchment scroll, representing the statute, as the crest. The borough's motto was Rhuddlan Crud Cymru or Rhuddlan, Cradle of Wales.
  The district was abolished in 1996, with its area forming part of the Denbighshire unitary authority.
  
  wn.com/District_of_Rhuddlan
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  District of Swansea
  Coordinates: 51°37′48″N 3°56′46″W / 51.630°N 3.946°W / 51.630; -3.946
  The Swansea district (Welsh: Abertawe) was one of the four local government districts of West Glamorgan, Wales from 1974 to 1996. It was formed from the areas of the county borough of Swansea and Gower Rural District, from the administrative county of Glamorgan.
  It inherited the city status of the county borough and so was styled as the "City of Swansea", and was governed by Swansea City Council. On March 22, 1982 the city was granted letters patent raising the mayor to the dignity of Lord Mayor.
  The district was abolished in 1996, when it was merged with most of the Lliw Valley district to form the larger City and County of Swansea.
  
  wn.com/District_of_Swansea
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  Dublin
  Dublin ( /ˈdʌblɨn/; locally /ˈdʊbᵊlən/; Irish: Baile Átha Cliath, meaning "town of the hurdled ford", pronounced [blʲaˈklʲiə] or Áth Cliath, [aː klʲiə], occasionally Duibhlinn) is the capital and most populous city of Ireland. The English name for the city is derived from the Irish name Dubhlinn, meaning "black pool". Dublin is situated near the midpoint of Ireland's east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and the centre of the Dublin Region.
  Originally founded as a Viking settlement, it evolved into the Kingdom of Dublin and became the island's principal city following the Norman invasion. The city expanded rapidly from the 17th century; it was briefly the second largest city in the British Empire and the fifth largest in Europe. Dublin entered a period of stagnation following the Act of Union of 1800, but it remained the economic centre for most of the island. Following the partition of Ireland in 1922, the new parliament, the Oireachtas, was located in Leinster House. Dublin became the capital of the Irish Free State and later the Republic of Ireland.
  
  wn.com/Dublin
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  Dulas Bay
  Dulas Bay (Welsh: Bae Dulas) is a small bay on the north east coast of Anglesey (Ynys Môn), north Wales. The bay is bordered by three beaches.
  The north-western beach is the sand/shingle/mud estuary Traeth Dulas (Dulas Beach); southeast of this is the tiny Traeth Bach (Small Beach) and the sandy Traeth Yr Ora (Beach of The Fortified Landing Place). The estuary running through Traeth Dulas is that of the Afon Goch (Red River). The Traeth Bach and Traeth Yr Ora at high tide are separated by a rock outcrop called Craig y Sais (The Saxon Rock). At low tide, however, it is possible to walk on the sand between the three beaches and also onto th beaches of Lligwy Bay to the south. Traeth Dulas is most affected by the tide, so much so that the most inland parts of the estuary are salt marshes. A walk is the circuit starting at Lligwy Bay, taking in Traeth Ora, the Pilot boat Pub and an option to reach the top of nearby Mynydd Bodafon.
  About a mile and a half off shore is a small island, Ynys Dulas, which is roughly 620m long and has a maximum width of 205m. It is known for the seals which live on the island (hence it is also known locally as Seal Island), but it is too small for human habitation. However, upon this island is a round structure with a cone-shaped top that was built in 1924 by Lady Dorina Neave to store food and provide shelter for shipwrecked seamen. Two significantly smaller islands, Garreg Allan (The Outer, Expelled or Furthest Stone, not visible by the naked eye from the shore, behind Ynys Dulas) and Ynys y Carcharorion (Prisoners' Island, nearer Traeth Dulas) are also present. Oil tankers can often be seen out some miles from shore in the Irish Sea, as they wait for the tide to enter the River Mersey for discharge at Tranmere Oil Terminal.
  
  wn.com/Dulas_Bay
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  Dwyfor
  Coordinates: 52°54′11″N 4°27′36″W / 52.903°N 4.460°W / 52.903; -4.460
  Dwyfor was one of the five local government districts of Gwynedd, Wales from 1974 to 1996, covering the Llŷn peninsula. Its council was based in Pwllheli.
  It was formed on 1 April 1974 as a successor to the borough of Pwllheli, the urban districts of Criccieth and Porthmadog, along with Llŷn Rural District, and part of Gwyrfai Rural District, all previously in the administrative county of Caernarfonshire. It was named after the river Dwyfor.
  Dwyfor was notable for being the last stronghold of the Sabbatarian temperance movement in Wales. Under the terms of the Licensing Act 1961, local referendums prevented the opening of public houses on Sundays until 1982, and a further referendum (on a 9% turnout) reimposed Sunday closing between 1989 and 1996.
  It was abolished as a district when Gwynedd was reconstitued as a unitary authority on 1 April 1996. It remains in use as an area covered by an area committee of Gwynedd Council.
  
  wn.com/Dwyfor
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  Dwyran
  Coordinates: 53°10′01″N 4°19′21″W / 53.16682°N 4.322533°W / 53.16682; -4.322533
  Dwyran is a village in Anglesey, in north-west Wales.
  
  wn.com/Dwyran
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  Dyfed
  Dyfed (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈdəvɛd]) is a preserved county of Wales. It was originally created as an administrative county council on 1 April 1974 under the terms of the Local Government Act 1972, and covered approximately the same geographic extent as the ancient Principality of Deheubarth, although excluding the Gower Peninsula and the area west of the River Tawe. The choice of the name Dyfed was based on the historic name given to the region once settled by the Irish Déisi and today known as Pembrokeshire (the historic Dyfed never included Ceredigion and only briefly controlled Carmarthenshire). It was formed from the administrative counties (Which corresponded to the ancient counties) of Cardiganshire, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire and was divided into the following local government districts:
  The Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire became Lord Lieutenant of Dyfed and the Lord Lieutenants of Cardiganshire and Carmarthenshire each became Lieutenants. The Dyfed-Powys police force had been created a number of years earlier.
  
  wn.com/Dyfed
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  Dún Laoghaire
  Dún Laoghaire (Irish pronunciation: [d̪ˠuːn̪ˠ ˈɫeːrʲə]), sometimes unofficially spelt using modern Irish orthography as Dún Laoire, is a suburban seaside town in County Dublin, Ireland. It is about twelve kilometres south of Dublin city centre. Dún Laoghaire is the county town of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown county and formerly a major port of entry from Great Britain. From 1821 to 1921 it was officially called "Kingstown".
  The town's name derives from Lóegaire mac Néill, a 5th century High King of Ireland, who chose the site as a sea base from which to carry out raids on Britain and Gaul. Dún is an Irish word meaning fort, and traces of fortifications from that period have been found on the coast. Some stone from that fort is preserved in the Maritime Museum.
  In rare cases, the anglicized spelling "Dunleary" (English pronunciation: /dʌnˈlɪəri/) is used.
  The present town of Dún Laoghaire dates from the 1820s. An earlier Dún Laoghaire village was located around the area where "The Purty Kitchen" pub is now located (sometimes mapped as "Old Dún Laoghaire"). Dún Laoghaire had a coffee house, and a small cove, both of which are shown on a number of old maps, and it may have had a salt mine (Salthill is close by). At that time, the area on which the town is currently located was a craggy, rocky pasture area with some quarries.
  
  wn.com/Dún_Laoghaire
• East Mouse
  Coordinates: 53°25′19″N 4°20′28.1″W / 53.42194°N 4.341139°W / 53.42194; -4.341139
  East Mouse (Welsh: Ynys Amlwch) is an islet found off the north coast of Anglesey, Wales. It is found just a few hundred metres away from the town of Amlwch. For this reason the island is known in Welsh as Ynys Amlwch, Amlwch Island. The islet is tiny (a maximum 141 metres long by 61 metres wide) with a maximum area of only 1.5 acres (6,100 m²), and void of any significant flora and fauna. The islet is one of three similarly named islands off the north coast of Anglesey, the other two being West Mouse and Middle Mouse.
  
  
  
  wn.com/East_Mouse
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  England
  England ⁱ/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
  The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
  
  wn.com/England
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  Finland
  Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
  Finland ⁱ/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
  Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.
  
  wn.com/Finland
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  Four Mile Bridge
  Four Mile Bridge (Welsh: Pontrhydybont / Pont-rhydbont / Pontrhypont) is the name given to a bridge and the village surrounding it in Anglesey, Wales. They are so named because they are located around four miles southeast of Holyhead, the largest town on the island.
  The bridge is one of only two connecting the Anglesey mainland to the smaller Holy Island. It is 120 metres long and carries the B4545 road over the Cymyran Strait.
  The village itself is quite small and is split between the two islands, the larger portion being on Holy Island. It is hard to get information on the population of the village as it is split over two parishes. It is safe to say however that it must be around 500 as the largest part of the village is in the parish of Rhoscolyn which has a population of 484 and no other settlement of any real size.
  Coordinates: 53°16′27″N 4°34′51″W / 53.2743°N 4.5808°W / 53.2743; -4.5808
  
  wn.com/Four_Mile_Bridge
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  Gaerwen
  Gaerwen is a village on the island of Anglesey, Wales. It is located in the south of the island 4 miles west of Llanfairpwllgwyngyll and 4 miles Northeast of Llangefni . The A5 runs through the village, and the A55 runs just a few hundred metres north.
  Facilities in Gaerwen include four public houses, two car dealerships, three churches, one Mormon meeting house, and a garden centre in the south portion of the village.
  It is very much a village of the old and new with two disused windmills in the north of the village and a modern industrial estate making up the south west portion of the village.
  There is a war memorial at the heart of the village to pay tribute to those who have fallen in both World Wars . The village is probably most famous, however, for housing the southernmost station of the Anglesey Central Railway which was in use between 1864 and 1993. It was also used on the Bangor to Holyhead mainline until 1963.
  Star is a small settlement consisting of a few houses just east of the village.
  
  wn.com/Gaerwen
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  Glamorgan
  Glamorgan or Glamorganshire (Welsh: Morgannwg [mɔrˈɡanʊɡ] or Welsh: Sir Forgannwg [ˈsiːr vɔrˈɡanʊɡ]) is one of the thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. It was originally an early medieval kingdom of varying boundaries known as Glywysing until taken over by the Normans as a lordship. Glamorgan is latterly represented by the three preserved counties of West Glamorgan, Mid Glamorgan and South Glamorgan. The name also survives in that of the county borough of the Vale of Glamorgan.
  Although initially a rural and pastoral area of little value, the area that became known as Glamorgan was a conflict point between the Norman lords and the Welsh princes, with the area being defined by a large concentration of castles. After falling under English rule in the 16th century, Glamorgan became a more stable county, and exploited its natural resources to become an important part of the Industrial Revolution. Glamorgan was the most populous and industrialised county in Wales and was once called the 'crucible of the Industrial Revolution', containing the world centres of three metallurgical industries, and its rich resources of coal.
  
  wn.com/Glamorgan
• Glyndŵr
  Coordinates: 52°59′46″N 3°23′35″W / 52.996°N 3.393°W / 52.996; -3.393
  Glyndŵr was one of six districts of Clwyd between 1974 and 1996.
  It was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, from parts of the administrative counties of Denbighshire and Merionethshire.
  From Denbighshire came the boroughs of Denbigh, Llangollen and Ruthin, the rural districts of Ceiriog and Ruthin and the parishes of Llangollen Rural and Llantysilio, formerly in Wrexham Rural District. From Merionethshire came the Edeyrnion Rural District.
  The district was named after Owain Glyndŵr, who lived in Glyndyfrdwy for a while.
  On April 1, 1996 the district was dissolved, with parts going to each of the three principal areas of Denbighshire, Powys and Wrexham.
  Wrexham is home to the main campus of Glyndŵr University (formerly the North East Wales Institute of Higher Education).
  
  
  
  wn.com/Glyndŵr
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  Gower peninsula
  Gower or the Gower Peninsula (Welsh: Gwyr or Penrhyn Gŵyr) is a peninsula in south Wales, jutting from the coast into the Bristol Channel, and administratively part of the City and County of Swansea. Locally it is known as "Gower" (not "the Gower"). In 1956 Gower became the first area in Britain to be designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
  About 70 square miles (180 km²) in area, Gower is known for its coastline, popular with walkers and outdoor enthusiasts, especially surfers. Gower has many caves, including Paviland Cave and Minchin Hole Cave. The peninsula is bounded by the Loughor Estuary to the north and Swansea Bay to the east. Gower Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty covers 188 km², including most of the peninsula west of Crofty, Three Crosses, Upper Killay, Blackpill and Bishopston. The highest point of Gower is The Beacon at Rhossili Down at 193m/633 ft overlooking Rhossili Bay. Pwll Du and the Bishopton Valley form a statutory Local Nature Reserve.
  The interior of Gower consists mainly of farmland and common land. The population resides mainly in villages and small communities, though suburban development has made a number of communities in eastern Gower part of the Swansea Urban Area.
  
  wn.com/Gower_peninsula
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  Great Britain
  Great Britain or Britain (Welsh: Prydain Fawr, Scottish Gaelic: Breatainn Mhòr, Cornish: Breten Veur) is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, the largest European island, and the largest of the British Isles. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populous island in the world, after Java and Honshū. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
  All of the island is territory of the sovereign state of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and most of the United Kingdom's territory is in Great Britain. Most of England, Scotland, and Wales are on the island of Great Britain, as are their respective capital cities: London, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.
  
  wn.com/Great_Britain
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  Greece
  Greece ⁱ/ˈɡriːs/ (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, IPA: [eˈlaða] ( listen) historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellas, IPA: [eˈlas] and [helːás] respectively), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country is around 11 million.
  Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).
  
  wn.com/Greece
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  Gwynedd
  Gwynedd (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡwɨ̞nɛð]) is an area in north-west Wales, named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd. As a local government area it is the second biggest in terms of geographical area and also one of the most sparsely populated. A large proportion of the population is Welsh-speaking. The name Gwynedd is also used for a preserved county, covering the two local government areas of Gwynedd and the Isle of Anglesey. Culturally and historically, the name can also be used for most of North Wales (for instance, the area covered by the Gwynedd Constabulary), corresponding to the approximate territory of the Kingdom of Gwynedd at its greatest extent.
  Gwynedd is the home of Bangor University and includes the scenic Llŷn Peninsula, and most of the Snowdonia National Park.
  Gwynedd was an independent kingdom from the end of the Roman period until the 13th Century when it was conquered and subjugated by England. The modern Gwynedd was one of eight Welsh counties originally created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, based on the principal territory of the former realm. It covered the entirety of the old counties of Anglesey, and Caernarfonshire along with all of Merionethshire apart from Edeirnion Rural District (which went to Clwyd), and also a few parishes in Denbighshire: Llanrwst, Llansanffraid Glan Conwy, Eglwysbach, Llanddoged, Llanrwst and Tir Ifan.
  
  wn.com/Gwynedd
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  Holyhead
  Coordinates: 53°18′32″N 4°37′58″W / 53.3088°N 4.6328°W / 53.3088; -4.6328
  Holyhead (ⁱ/ˈhɒlɪhɛd/ HOL-i-hed; Welsh: Caergybi [kɑːɨrˈɡəbi], "the town of Cybi") is the largest town in the county of Anglesey in North Wales. It is also a major port adjacent to the Irish Sea serving Ireland.
  Despite being the largest town in the county, with a population of 11,237 (2001 census), it is neither the county town nor actually on the island of Anglesey. Holyhead is located on Holy Island. It was originally connected to Anglesey via Four Mile Bridge, so called because it was four miles (6 km) from Holyhead on the old turnpike Road to London. In the mid 19th century, Lord Stanley, a local philanthropist, funded the building of a larger causeway.^{[citation needed]} Known locally as "The Cob", it now carries the A5 and the railway line. The A55 dual carriageway runs parallel to The Cob on a modern causeway.
  The town centre is built around St. Cybi's Church, which is built inside one of Europe's few three-walled Roman forts (the fourth wall being the sea, which used to come up to the fort). The Romans also built a watchtower on the top of Holyhead Mountain inside Mynydd y Twr, a prehistoric hillfort. Settlements in the area date from prehistoric times, with circular huts, burial chambers and standing stones featuring in the highest concentration in Britain. The current lighthouse is on South Stack on the other side of Holyhead Mountain and is open to the public. The area is also popular with birdwatchers.
  
  wn.com/Holyhead
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  Holyhead High School
  Coordinates: 53°18′41″N 4°38′23″W / 53.31131°N 4.63968°W / 53.31131; -4.63968
  Holyhead High School (Welsh: Ysgol Uwchradd Caergybi) was the first comprehensive school in England and Wales, opening in 1949 as Holyhead County School.
  The school was formed in 1949 with the amalgamation of Holyhead Grammar and St Cybi Secondary school. Ysgol Syr Thomas Jones, Amlwch is said to claim the title of the first purpose built comprehensive.^{[citation needed]} Ysgol Gyfun Llangefni is recorded as Britain's first comprehensive.^{[dubious – discuss]}
  There was a number of reasons for the school to be the first "comp". The headmaster Mr Hughes was retiring and he was to be replaced by an enthusiast for Comprehensive education, Trefor Lovett. The new head became known as "the first apostle of the comprehensive movement". The transition was also assisted by the close proximity of St Cybi Secondary school and Holyhead Grammar; the schools that would be replaced. Obviously the backing of Anglesey Education Committee was essential.
  
  wn.com/Holyhead_High_School
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  Holyhead Mountain
  Holyhead Mountain (Welsh: Mynydd Twr, short for 'Pentwr', but often mistaken for Tŵr, meaning 'tower') is the highest hill on Holy Island, Anglesey, and the highest in the county of Anglesey, north Wales. It lies about three kilometres west of the town of Holyhead, and slopes steeply down to the Irish Sea on two sides. There is a late Roman watchtower, called Caer y Tŵr (Tower Fortress) on the east side of the hill. Holyhead Mountain also has an Iron Age Stone Circle settlement and the material for the Breakwater was quarried from the Mountain too. It is the first sight of land people have when travelling from Dublin to Holyhead.
  Holyhead Mountain attracts many visitors, and it is also located close to South Stack lighthouse; many people come to see the variety of birds which nest along the cliff faces near South Stack.
  Views from the summit are extensive, especially to the West where the Wicklow Mountains in Ireland can often be seen across the Irish Sea on clear days.
  Coordinates: 53°18′47″N 4°40′35″W / 53.31297°N 4.67637°W / 53.31297; -4.67637
  
  wn.com/Holyhead_Mountain
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  Ireland
  Coordinates: 53°20′N 08°00′W / 53.333°N 8°W / 53.333; -8
  Ireland (pronounced [ˈaɪrlənd] ( listen); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen); Ulster Scots: Airlann or Airlan) is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth. To its east is the larger island of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the Irish Sea.
  Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.4 million. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
  Relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain epitomise Ireland's geography with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the island until the 17th century. Today, it is one of the most deforested areas in Europe. There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland.
  
  wn.com/Ireland
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  Irish Sea
  The Irish Sea (Irish: Muir Éireann or Muir Meann,Scottish Gaelic: Muir Èireann or Muir Mhanainn,Manx: Mooir Vannin or Y Keayn Yernagh,Welsh: Môr Iwerddon, Scots: Erse Sea) separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Atlantic Ocean in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea.
  The sea is of significant economic importance to regional trade, shipping and transport, fishing, and power generation in the form of wind power and nuclear plants. Annual traffic between Great Britain and Ireland amounts to over 12 million passengers and 17 million tonnes of traded goods.
  The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Irish Sea (with St George's Channel) as follows:
  On the North. The Southern limit of the Scottish Seas [or Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland, defined as "a line joining the South extreme of the Mull of Galloway (54°38'N) in Scotland and Ballyquintin Point (54°20'N) in Ireland"].
  
  wn.com/Irish_Sea
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  Isle of Man
  The Isle of Man ( /ˈmæn/; Manx: Ellan Vannin, pronounced [ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn]), otherwise known simply as Mann (Manx: Mannin, IPA: [ˈmanɪn]), is a self-governing Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although the United Kingdom does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is ultimately the responsibility of the Crown (that is, in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
  The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. A Norse-Gaelic culture arose and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland as formalised by the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal overlordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1764 but the island never became part of Great Britain or its successor the United Kingdom and retained its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency.
  
  wn.com/Isle_of_Man
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  Isle of Wight
  The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest island of England, located in the English Channel, on average about 2–5 miles (3–7 km) off the south coast of the county of Hampshire, separated from the mainland by a strait called the Solent. The Island has many resorts which have been holiday destinations since Victorian times.
  The Island has a rich history, including a brief status as an independent kingdom in the 15th century. Until 1995, like Jersey and Guernsey, the Island had its own Governor—most notably Lord Mountbatten from 1969 to 1974, after which he became Lord Lieutenant until his assassination in 1979.
  It was home to the poets Swinburne and Alfred Lord Tennyson, and to Queen Victoria, who built her much-loved summer residence and final home Osborne House at East Cowes. The Island's maritime and industrial history encompasses boat building, sail making, the manufacture of flying boats, the world's first hovercraft and the testing and development of Britain's space rockets. It is home to the Isle of Wight International Jazz Festival, Bestival and the recently revived Isle of Wight Festival, which, in 1970, was the largest rock music event ever held. The Island has some exceptional wildlife and is one of the richest locations of dinosaur fossils in Europe.
  
  wn.com/Isle_of_Wight
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  Kingdom of Gwynedd
  Gwynedd (pronounced [ˈɡwɪnɛð]) was one petty kingdom of several Welsh successor states which emerged in 5th-century post-Roman Britain in the Early Middle Ages, and later evolved into a principality during the High Middle Ages. It was based on the former Brythonic tribal lands of the Ordovices, Gangani, and the Deceangli which were collectively known as Venedotia in late Romano-British documents. Between the 5th and 13th centuries Gwynedd grew to include Ynys Môn (Anglesey) and all of north Wales between the River Dyfi in the south and River Dee (Welsh Dyfrdwy) in the northeast. The Irish sea (Môr Iwerddon) washes the coast of Gwynedd to the west and north and lands formerly part of the Kingdom of Powys border Gwynedd in the south-east.
  Gwynedd's strength lay in part due to the region's mountainous geography which made it difficult for foreign invaders to campaign in the country and impose their will effectively.
  Popular tradition attributed to Nennius, a 10th-century Welsh chronicler, traced Gwynedd's foundation to Cunedda. According to Nennius, Cunedda migrated with his sons and followers from Brythonic Lothian, in southern Scotland, in the 5th century.
  
  wn.com/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd
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  Llaingoch
  Coordinates: 53°18′40″N 4°39′58″W / 53.311°N 4.666°W / 53.311; -4.666 Llaingoch is an area of Holyhead in North Wales that lies between the town centre and Holyhead Mountain. The name comes from the Welsh llain, plot or patch of land, and goch, red.
  
  wn.com/Llaingoch
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  Llanbadrig
  Llanbadrig is a parish in the cwmwd of Talybolion, on the island of Anglesey, north Wales. The parish includes the township of Clygyrog and the little port of Cemaes (pronounced "Kem-ice"). The region has extensive quarries of limestone and marble.
  The Welsh name Llanbadrig means "Church of Saint Patrick" and there is indeed a Church of St. Patrick on the coast near Cemaes. It is said to have been founded in 440CE by St Patrick himself. Local legend states that Patrick was shipwrecked on the small nearby island of Ynys Badrig (Patrick's Isle, also known as Middle Mouse), which can be seen from the stile in the churchyard wall. The nearby cove is known as Porth Padrig.
  Portions of the 2006 movie Half Light starring Demi Moore were filmed in Llanbadrig, although the movie is ostensibly set in Scotland.
  Anglesey also has a Llyn Padrig (lake) and Rhosbadrig (farm) located inland from Aberffraw. Atlas Mon shows a medieval place called Tref Was Padrig (transl. "township of Patrick's servant") in that area.
  
  wn.com/Llanbadrig
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  Llanddaniel Fab
  Coordinates: 53°12′37″N 4°15′11″W / 53.210404°N 4.253176°W / 53.210404; -4.253176
  Llanddaniel Fab is a village in the ward of Llanidan, southern Anglesey, Wales.
  It is near the prehistoric monument of Bryn Celli Ddu which was constructed in the late neolithic period.
  During the 2001 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth crisis, many sheep and cattle were slaughtered in the area.
  The village is run by its own community council and its county council representative is Councillor Hywel Eifion Jones who has held the post since May 1999. Amenities include a post office, primary school (Ysgol Parc y Bont), and a 12-hole golf course.
  Probably the village's most famous son is Tecwyn Roberts (1925-1988), who became NASA’s first Flight Dynamics Officer with Project Mercury that put the first American into space. Roberts was born at Trefnant Bach cottage in Llanddaniel Fab and was a former pupil of Ysgol Parc y Bont. After serving as a member of the Avro Arrow project team and the Space Task Group, Roberts transferred to NASA where he eventually became chief of the Manned Flight Support Division, chief of the Network Engineering Division during the Apollo Program and later Director of Networks at Goddard Space Flight Center.
  
  wn.com/Llanddaniel_Fab
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  Llanddona
  Llanddona is a village famous for its beach in Ynys Môn (Isle of Anglesey), North Wales.
  Located between Benllech and Beaumaris, it is popular as a holiday destination on Anglesey, particularly for families. The beach is a good size without being bleakly huge, shelves at a decent but not alarming rate and has an abundance of clean yellow sand.
  Llanddona has no shops, however it has a riding school and a pub.
  The Llanddona transmitting station is located approximately one mile to the north east of the village. The station is the main broadcasting site for television and radio in north Wales.
  St Dona's Church, Llanddona, dates from 610, although the present building was erected in 1873.
  Coordinates: 53°17′38″N 4°08′20″W / 53.293952°N 4.138927°W / 53.293952; -4.138927
  
  wn.com/Llanddona
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  Llandegfan
  Coordinates: 53°14′21″N 4°09′06″W / 53.239078°N 4.151701°W / 53.239078; -4.151701
  Llandegfan (The Church of St. Tegfan) is a village on the south of Anglesey, North Wales. It is part of the community of Cwm Cadnant.
  The original village Hen Llandegfan was on the ancient way from the crossing of the Menai Strait at Porthaethwy via Pentraeth to Beaumaris. St Tegfan's Church, the mother church of Beaumaris, has been highly restored.
  Llandegfan has expanded greatly in recent decades and is continuing to expand in the 21st century notably in the extension to the Mill Lodge estate and along Lon Ganol. Almost all of this expansion is centred around the modern village centre to the south and east of the old windmill. The expansion of the village is due to a number of factors including the proximity to Bangor where many of the residents of Llandegfan work, its proximity to the A55 and the views from the village over to the mountains of Snowdonia.
  To the outskirts of the village is Bryn Mel Manor, built in 1899 and standing in approx 10 acres (40,000 m²) of wood and parkland as a summer house for the owners of the White Star Line. Since the death of the last family owner, the building was derelict for many years, before being converted into a nursing home. Financial constraints meant much of the original land was sold, and in the latter years the home struggled to stay open. In July 2011 it was announced that the home was to close and the building redeveloped into luxury flats and apartments. Despite its modern history, the external features of the building have changed little but many of the internal features have been lost.
  
  wn.com/Llandegfan
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  Llaneilian
  Coordinates: 53°24′35″N 4°18′44″W / 53.409592°N 4.312272°W / 53.409592; -4.312272
  Llaneilian is a hamlet in Anglesey, in north-west Wales. It covers the area between Amlwch and the beach at Port Eilian and includes Point Lynas lighthouse, a caravan park and an old church.
  
  wn.com/Llaneilian
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  Llanfachraeth
  Coordinates: 53°18′51″N 4°32′02″W / 53.314283°N 4.533818°W / 53.314283; -4.533818
  Llanfachraeth is a village in Anglesey, in north-west Wales.
  
  wn.com/Llanfachraeth
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  Llanfaelog
  Coordinates: 53°13′41″N 4°29′39″W / 53.227996°N 4.494105°W / 53.227996; -4.494105
  Llanfaelog is a village in western Anglesey, Wales. It is situated some 13 kilometres south-east of Holyhead and 22 kilometres west of the city of Bangor.
  The village is easily reachable by both car and train. It is found on the A4080, under 5 kilometres from both the historic A5 and the newer dual carriageway A55 "North Wales Expressway". It is equidistant between the railway stations at Ty Croes and Rhosneigr, being a couple of minutes drive from them both. In addition there is a limited bus service to the county town of Llangefni.
  
  wn.com/Llanfaelog
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  Llanfaes
  Coordinates: 53°16′45″N 4°05′44″W / 53.27928°N 4.09565°W / 53.27928; -4.09565
  Llanfaes is a small village on the island of Anglesey, Wales, located on the shore of the eastern entrance to the Menai Strait, the tidal waterway separating Anglesey from the north Wales coast.
  The ancient name of Llanfaes was Llan Ffagan Fach in honour of Ffagan, the founder of the church. It was once the llys (English: royal court) of King Cynan Dindaethwy ap Rhodri of Gwynedd (reigned 798 – 816), the seat of the cwmwd of Tindaethwy in the cantref of Rhosyr. The site gained its present name as the site of a battle in 818, the Gwaith Llanfaes (English: Battle of Llanfaes), fought between unidentified combatants.
  A Franciscan monastery was founded here by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, built over the grave of his wife Joan, daughter of King John, who died in 1237. Wasted in the aftermath of Llywelyn's fall in 1240, it was somewhat restored with help from Edward II (reigned 1307 – 1327), but was thoroughly plundered and utterly destroyed by the men of Henry IV due to the adherence of the friars to the Welsh cause in the Glyndŵr Rising (1400 – 1415). Following a recovery, whatever remained was finally diminished by the Dissolution in 1537, with the church then turned into a barn, and Joan's stone coffin used as a watering trough.
  
  wn.com/Llanfaes
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  Llanfaethlu
  Coordinates: 53°21′12″N 4°32′13″W / 53.353416°N 4.537041°W / 53.353416; -4.537041
  Llanfaethlu is a village in Anglesey, in north-west Wales. It is home to Condessa, a small liquor company and O.R.Jones & Sons, a local coach and bus company.
  
  wn.com/Llanfaethlu
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  Llanfairpwllgwyngyll
  Coordinates: 53°13′N 4°12′W / 53.22°N 4.20°W / 53.22; -4.20
  Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (Welsh pronunciation: [ˌɬanvairˌpuɬɡwɨ̞ŋˌɡɨ̞ɬɡoˌɡɛrəˌχwərnˌdrobuɬˌɬantɨ̞ˌsiljoˌɡoɡoˈɡoːχ] ( listen)) is a large village and community on the island of Anglesey in Wales, situated on the Menai Strait next to the Britannia Bridge and across the strait from Bangor. This village has the longest place name in Europe and one of the longest place names in the world. The short form of the village's name is Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, also spelled Llanfair Pwllgwyngyll. It is commonly known as Llanfair PG or Llanfairpwll.
  According to the 2001 census, the population of the community is 3,040, 76% of whom speak Welsh fluently; the highest percentage of speakers is in the 10–14 age group, where 97.1% are able to speak Welsh.^{[citation needed]} It is the fifth largest settlement on the island by population.
  Visitors stop at the railway station to be photographed next to the station sign, visit the nearby Visitors' Centre, or have 'passports' stamped at a local shop. Another tourist attraction is the nearby Marquess of Anglesey's Column, which at a height of 27 metres (89 ft) offers views over Anglesey and the Menai Strait. Designed by Thomas Harrison, the monument celebrates the heroism of Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey at the Battle of Waterloo.
  
  wn.com/Llanfairpwllgwyngyll
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  Llangefni
  Coordinates: 53°15′N 4°19′W / 53.25°N 4.31°W / 53.25; -4.31
  Llangefni is the county town of Anglesey in Wales and contains the principal offices of the Isle of Anglesey County Council. According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, the population of Llangefni was 4,662 people and it is the second largest settlement on the island. The census also reveals that 83.8% of the population speak Welsh fluently, with the highest percentage of speakers being in the 10-14 age group where 95.2% are able to speak Welsh.
  The town lies at the centre of the island on the River Cefni, after which it is named, and is home to the Oriel Ynys Môn museum, detailing the history of Anglesey and housing the legacy collection of Charles Tunnicliffe. In the west of the town is a large secondary school, Ysgol Gyfun Llangefni (Llangefni Comprehensive School), and in the north a Victorian church, St Cyngar's, set in a wooded riverside location known as The Dingle. The church provided the former name of the town, Llangyngar.
  
  wn.com/Llangefni
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  Llangoed
  Llangoed is a small village and community just north of Beaumaris, on the Isle of Anglesey or Ynys Môn, at grid reference SH609793. The Royal Mail postcode begins LL58. Llangoed ward has a population of 1,275 (2001).
  The village's placename means the 'religious enclosure in the wood' in the Welsh language.
  Llangoed is on the banks of a brook called the Afon Lleiniog, which flows from the hamlet of Glanrafon to the sea, beneath the ruins of an 11 century motte-and-bailey castle, Castell Aberlleiniog.
  The 17th-century parish church of St Cawrdaf, restored in the 19th century, is in the north of the village, near a Victorian school and chapel.
  The modern centre of the village is a steep hill lined by cottages, a Post Office, grocery store and chapel. To the south of the village is a primary school, Ysgol Gynradd Llangoed, and small housing estates. Sports fields are the location of an annual Rugby sevens competition. Undulating green farmland surrounds the village, with fine views to the Menai Strait, the Irish Sea and the mountains of Snowdonia (in Welsh, Eryri).
  
  wn.com/Llangoed
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  Llangristiolus
  Coordinates: 53°14′06″N 4°20′42″W / 53.235°N 4.345°W / 53.235; -4.345
  Llangristiolus is a village in the middle of Anglesey, Wales, southwest of Llangefni, and is named after Saint Cristiolus. The River Cefni flows through the village. The village is within a mile of the A5 and A55 roads.
  The church of St Cristiolus, Llangristiolus, dates from the 12th century.
  The village was also home to Meinir Gwilym who was born in Wales in 1983, and educated at Ysgol Henblas in Llangristiolus.
  
  wn.com/Llangristiolus
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  Llangwyllog
  Coordinates: 53°16′56″N 4°20′43″W / 53.282357°N 4.345299°W / 53.282357; -4.345299
  Llangwyllog is a small village and ancient parish in the centre of Anglesey, Wales.
  It is found three miles to the north of the island's capital, Llangefni, and two miles north of Llyn Cefni, the island's second largest body of water. The settlement was once far more important than it is today reaching a population of 277 in 1821, whereas the 1971 census showed only 75 people living there.
  The Anglesey Central Railway used to operate a station in the village until its closure in 1993. The tracks however still run through the village and there is a significant railway cutting in the village.
  The parish church is St Cwyllog's Church, Llangwyllog; the first church here was founded by St Cwyllog in the 6th century.
  One historic event said to have taken place here in 1134 was a battle between Owain Gwynedd, the first king of Wales and the armies of the Erse, Manx, and Norsemen, who had invaded the island. In the end the Welsh leader was triumphant.
  
  wn.com/Llangwyllog
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  Llanidan
  Coordinates: 53°10′44″N 4°16′23″W / 53.179°N 4.273°W / 53.179; -4.273
  Llanidan is a parish in south-west Anglesey, Wales which includes the village of Brynsiencyn. The parish is located along the Menai Strait, approximately 4 miles north-east of Caernarfon (across the strait). The parish church of St Nidans is located near the A4080 highway, a little to the east of Brynsiencyn. The ruins of an earlier parish church survive.
  It has been suggested that it was here that the Roman general Suetonius landed in 60 AD, and then again in 78 AD by Agricola, in their efforts to pacify the Ordovices of north-west Wales and Anglesey, at a spot known as Bryn Beddau, ("The Hill of Graves" in Welsh).
  In the Middle Ages the parish was part of the commote of Menai, in cantref Rhosyr.
  Amongst the notable people associated with the parish are Henry Rowlands, who was the rector of Llanidan when he published Mona Antiqua Restaurata in 1723, and the industrialist Thomas Williams of Llanidan, who lived in Plas Llanidan.
  
  wn.com/Llanidan
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  Lligwy Bay
  Lligwy Bay (Welsh: Traeth Lligwy) is a bay of the Welsh island of Anglesey.
  It is on the eastward side of the island to the north of the village of Moelfre. It was the site, in October 1859, of the loss of the steam clipper Royal Charter with a loss of life in excess of 450.
  The bay is very popular with windsurfers and other windpowered watersport enthusiasts. There is a pay and display carpark at the end of a road leading right down to the beach.
  Coordinates: 53°21′43″N 4°15′36″W / 53.36204°N 4.26010°W / 53.36204; -4.26010
  
  wn.com/Lligwy_Bay
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  Lliw Valley
  Coordinates: 51°45′43″N 3°57′54″W / 51.762°N 3.965°W / 51.762; -3.965
  The Borough of Lliw Valley (Welsh: Dyffryn Lliw) was one of the four local government districts of West Glamorgan, Wales from 1974 to 1996. It was formed by the merger of the Llwchwr urban district and Pontardawe Rural District, under the Local Government Act 1972.
  It was abolished in 1996, with part of its area becoming part of the new Swansea unitary authority, and part becoming part of Neath Port Talbot unitary authority. [1]
  Communities becoming part of Swansea:
  Communities becoming part of Neath Port Talbot:
  The old Lliw Valley had two football clubs in the Welsh Football League - Garden Village and Pontardawe Town.
  
  wn.com/Lliw_Valley
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  Llyn Cerrig Bach
  Llyn Cerrig Bach is a small lake in the north-west of the island of Anglesey, Wales. Its main claim to fame is the large hoard of Iron Age materials discovered there in 1942, apparently placed in the lake as votive offerings. These finds are considered to be one of the most important collections of La Tène metalwork discovered in the British Isles.
  The discovery was made when ground was being cleared for an R.A.F. base at Valley. This involved spreading peat over the sandy ground, and the items were discovered during the extraction of peat from the Cors yr Ynys bog on the southern margin of Llyn Cerrig Bach. The first object to be found was an iron gang chain, used for slaves. This was caught up in the teeth of a harrow and was not at first identified as being ancient. It was attached to a tractor and used to pull lorries out of the mud. Although around 2,000 years old, the chain apparently performed this function without problems.
  Once the chain had been identified, a search of the area produced a large number of other objects, mainly of iron but some of bronze or copper alloy. A total of 181 artefacts are known to have been recovered. They included swords and spearheads, shields, chariots and chariot fittings and harness, another slave chain and various iron tools. There were also some plain bars of iron, which may have been used as currency. The slave chain was made with five hinged neck-rings to hold five captives.
  
  wn.com/Llyn_Cerrig_Bach
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  Llys Rhosyr
  Llys Rhosyr is an archaeological site near Newborough in Anglesey; the ruins of a pre-Edwardian commotal court.
  Llys Rhosyr was a commotal centre before the Edward I of Englands conquest of Wales and debate now surrounds the former use of the Rhosyr site. Archaeologists at Gwynedd Archaeological Trust consider it to have been a royal home and have established an exhibition in the Pritchard-Jones Institute in the village on their findings supporting this theory. Excavations reveal that the enclosure had a hall, accommodation and storage barns.
  A fierce sandstorm in the winter of 1332 buried the site and much of the surrounding area. Henry Rowlands mentions the site in his 18th century Mona Antiqua Restaurata. By the 20th century nothing was visible on the surface, though local people knew the precise location of the remains, which was always known as 'cae'r llys' ('the field of the court' in English).
  From 1992 it was excavated by the Gwynedd Archaeological Trust and was opened to the public for the first time in 1995. What remains is the outlines of the walls, around only a quarter of which are exposed, including the main surrounding wall and foundations and lower walls of three large buildings, possibly the hall, a chamber and storage barns. Many artifacts were recovered from the site, including pottery and silverware indicating use by people of a high social status.
  
  wn.com/Llys_Rhosyr
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  Malltraeth
  Malltraeth (origin: Mall (corrupt, blasted, desolate, + Traeth (beach)) is a small village in the southwest of Anglesey, in the area of Bodorgan. It is now at the end of a large bay, which used to extend much further inland, almost creating a second sea strait in the area (the Menai Strait broke through following the end of the ice age).
  After several abortive attempts, a 1 km-long 'cob' or dyke was completed across it during the 19th century, allowing land reclamation behind it. Despite this, the land remains very wet and prone to flooding, much of it of great natural and scientific importance as a result. The former salt marsh creeks are still visible on aerial photography and evident as shallow depressions in the fields. Coal mining occurred for a time in the underlying Carboniferous rock strata and the subsidence of these workings resulted in the lakes "Llynnau Gwaith-glo".
  The village has two pubs: The Royal Oak and The Joiners. It also had a village Post Office shop, but this closed as a victim of the Royal Mail's making deep cuts in local post offices. A mainline railway runs just a few hundred metres north of the town, but there is no station. The nearest stations are Bodorgan, which offers limited local journeys, along with Bangor and Holyhead, which offer more frequent access to longer distance travel to most parts of Wales, England, and Scotland
  
  wn.com/Malltraeth
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  Malltraeth Marsh
  Malltraeth Marsh (alternate: Malldraeth; Welsh: Cors Ddyga or Cors Degai) is a large marsh area in Anglesey, North Wales, located northeast of Malltraeth village, north of Llangaffo and south of Rhostrehwfa. It is reclaimed from estuarine marshes after the construction of the Malltraeth Cob (dyke), a 1 mile (1.6 km) long embankment, and the subsequent canalisation in 1824 of the Afon Cefni.
  The name Malltraeth comes from Mall ("bad"), and Traeth ("sandy shore"). The marsh measures 1,366.5 hectares (3,377 acres) in area. The area is recognized as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), and has a range of reedbeds, marshes, wet grassland and small pools/lakes.
  
  wn.com/Malltraeth_Marsh
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  Meirionnydd
  Coordinates: 52°45′29″N 3°50′06″W / 52.758°N 3.835°W / 52.758; -3.835
  Meirionnydd is a coastal and mountainous region of Wales. It has been a kingdom, a cantref, a district and, as Merionethshire, a county.
  Meirionnydd was a sub-kingdom of Gwynedd, founded according to legend by Meirion, a grandson of Cunedda, a warrior-prince who brought his family to Wales from the 'Old North' (southern Scotland today), probably in the early 5th century. His dynasty seems to have ruled there for the next four hundred years. The kingdom lay between the River Mawddach and the River Dovey, spreading in a north-easterly direction.
  The cantref of Meirionnydd held the presumed boundaries of the previous kingdom but now as a fief of the Kingdom of Gwynedd where it continued to enjoy long spells of relative independence. It was abolished in 1284 following the Statute of Rhuddlan and reorganised with the addition of some neighbouring cantrefi to form the county of Merionethshire.
  The borders of Meirionnydd were expanded as a county (both historic and administrative) to include the old cantrefi of Penllyn and Ardudwy. It took the name Merionethshire under English Law. In 1974 it merged with the counties of Caernarfonshire and Anglesey to create the revived Gwynedd (county).
  
  wn.com/Meirionnydd
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  Menai Bridge
  Coordinates: 53°14′N 4°10′W / 53.23°N 4.16°W / 53.23; -4.16
  Menai Bridge (Welsh: Porthaethwy) is a small town and community on the Isle of Anglesey in north Wales. It overlooks the Menai Strait and lies by the Menai Suspension Bridge, built in 1826 by Thomas Telford. It is the third largest settlement on the island, with a population of 3,850, and occupies the area of the former parish of Llandysiliogogo, whose former church continues in use as a mortuary chapel (see below). There are many small islands near the town, including Church Island.
  It has existed as Porthaethwy for many centuries and it still has a house in current use which dates from the 17th century. It is likely that a community has existed at the location of Menai Bridge since Roman times simply because this is the shortest crossing of the Menai Strait. There is a range of buildings including the old court house, a number of old pubs and the buildings associated with the wood-yard (in the process of being converted to houses).
  
  wn.com/Menai_Bridge
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  Menai Strait
  The Menai Strait (Welsh: Afon Menai, the "River Menai") is a narrow stretch of shallow tidal water about 25 km (16 mi) long, which separates the island of Anglesey from the mainland of Wales.
  The strait is bridged in two places - the main A5 road is carried over the strait by Thomas Telford's elegant iron suspension bridge, the first of its kind, opened in January 1826, and adjacent to this is Robert Stephenson's 1850 Britannia Tubular Bridge. Originally this carried rail traffic in two wrought-iron rectangular box spans, but after a disastrous fire in 1970, which left only the limestone pillars remaining, it was rebuilt as a steel box girder bridge, and now carries both rail and road traffic. Between the two bridge crossings there is a small island in the middle of the strait, Ynys Gorad Goch, on which are built a house and outbuildings and around which are the significant remains of fish traps, no longer used.
  
  wn.com/Menai_Strait
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  Merionethshire
  Merionethshire (Welsh: Meirionnydd, Sir Feirionnydd) is one of thirteen historic counties of Wales, a vice county and a former administrative county.
  The spelling of the Welsh name in standard modern orthography is Meirionnydd (for the geographical area) or Sir Feirionnydd (for the county), with a double <nn>, but the variant with a single <n> is sometimes found in older works.
  Merionethshire is a maritime county, bounded to the north by Caernarfonshire, to the east by Denbighshire, to the south by Montgomeryshire and Cardiganshire, and to the west by Cardigan Bay. With a total area of 1,731 km², it is one of the more sparsely populated counties in Great Britain.
  The Merioneth area remains one of the strongest Welsh-speaking parts of Wales. The coastline consists alternately of cliffs and stretches of sand and the area generally is the most mountainous in Wales; a large part of the Snowdonia National Park lies within it. The greatest heights are Aran Fawddwy 905 m (2,970 ft) and Cadair Idris 893 m (2,929 ft). The chief rivers are the Dwyryd, the Mawddach and the Dyfi. Waterfalls and small lakes are numerous, the largest being Bala Lake (4 miles long and 1-mile (1.6 km) broad).
  
  wn.com/Merionethshire
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  Merthyr Tydfil
  Merthyr Tydfil (/ˈmɜrθər ˈtɪdvɪl/; Welsh: Merthyr Tudful [ˈmɛrθər ˈtɨːdvɨ̞l]) is a town in Wales, with a population of about 30,000. Although once the largest town in Wales, it is now ranked as the 15th largest urban area in Wales. It also gives its name to a county borough, which has a population of around 55,000. It is located in the historic county of Glamorgan. It is often referred to simply as 'Merthyr'. The current administrative area of the Merthyr County Borough consists of the northern part of the Taff Valley and the smaller neighbouring Taff Bargoed Valley.
  According to legend, the town is named after Saint Tydfil, a daughter of King Brychan of Brycheiniog. According to her legend she was slain at Merthyr by pagans around 480; the place was subsequently named Merthyr Tydfil in her honour. Although the usual meaning of the word merthyr (from the Latin martyrium) in modern Welsh is 'martyr', it is probable that the meaning here is "church (in memory of a saint or on his/her grave)." Similar examples, all from south Wales, include Merthyr Cynog, Merthyr Dyfan and Merthyr Mawr. The Cornish and Breton language equivalents, in place names, are merther and merzher.
  
  wn.com/Merthyr_Tydfil
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  Mid Glamorgan
  Coordinates: 51°48′58″N 3°22′05″W / 51.816°N 3.368°W / 51.816; -3.368
  Mid Glamorgan (Welsh: Morgannwg Ganol) is a preserved county of Wales. From 1974 until 1996, it was also an administrative county, with a county council.
  Mid Glamorgan was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. It consisted of part of the former administrative county of Glamorgan, and the county borough of Merthyr Tydfil, along with the parishes of Penderyn and Vaynor from Brecknockshire and the urban districts of Bedwas and Machen, Rhymney and part of Bedwellty, from Monmouthshire.
  It was divided into six districts:
  Mid Glamorgan and its component districts were abolished in 1996 and the area split into the unitary authorities of Bridgend, Merthyr Tydfil, Rhondda Cynon Taf and part of Caerphilly as a result of the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994.
  The communities of Wick, St Brides Major, Ewenny (from the Ogwr district) became part of the Vale of Glamorgan county borough, while Pentyrch (from the Taff-Ely district) was added to the Cardiff unitary authority area. Because of this, they became part of the preserved county of South Glamorgan. In 2003 the ceremonial borders were further adjusted, placing the entire Caerphilly county borough in the ceremonial county of Gwent.
  
  wn.com/Mid_Glamorgan
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  Middle Mouse
  Coordinates: 53°26′6.1″N 4°26′13.8″W / 53.435028°N 4.437167°W / 53.435028; -4.437167
  Middle Mouse (Welsh: Ynys Badrig - Patrick's island) is an uninhabited island situated 1 kilometre off the north coast of Anglesey. It is notable as the northernmost point of Wales. The island measures a maximum of 207 metres by 110 metres, with a maximum area of 3.7 acres and has a maximum altitude of 16 metres above sea level. It is one of a chain of three islands off the north of Anglesey, the others being West Mouse and East Mouse.
  Local legend has it that St Patrick was shipwrecked there, giving rise to its alternative name. He then swam ashore and eventually founded the nearby church of Llanbadrig in about 440 AD, believed to be the oldest Christian site in Wales.
  Middle Mouse is a favoured place for cormorants, guillemots and razorbills. For visiting scuba divers the attractions are steep underwater cliffs that drop away to 40 metres with abundant marine life. There is very little protection from the fierce tidal flow, so accurate timing for slack water is required.
  
  wn.com/Middle_Mouse
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  Moelfre
  Moelfre is a village and community on the east coast of Isle of Anglesey in Wales, and on the Anglesey Coastal Path. It has a population of 1,129.The Royal Mail postcode begins LL72.
  It was the site of the wreck in 1859 of the hybrid ship The Royal Charter near the end of its voyage from Australia to Liverpool. The village today has 502 households and 5% unemployment. In the village there is a bakery, a fish and chip shop, one restaurant, Ann's Pantry, the Oak Lodge Inn (which trades as a pub, a bed and breakfast and a restaurant), and a second pub, The Kinmel Arms Hotel. There were no street lights in the village until well after the Second World War.
  Moelfre RNLI Lifeboat Station is open to the public, and has a famous history, including the Hindlea rescue in 1959, when all the crew were rescued.
  This area is popular as it is right by the large sandy beach Traeth Lligwy, which is an excellent spot for water and beach sports, and the ancient stone homestead of Din Lligwy. Nearby Ynys Moelfre is also a haven for birds, and seals and porpoises may be seen. The village is easily accessible being only 5 minutes from the A5025. The nearest mainline railway stations are in Bangor and Llanfairpwllgwyngyll. These can be reached in under half an hour on the bus services which run through the village.
  
  wn.com/Moelfre
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  Monmouthshire
  Monmouthshire (Welsh: Sir Fynwy) is a county in south east Wales. The name derives from the historic county of Monmouthshire of which it covers the eastern 60%. The largest town is Abergavenny. Other major towns include Caldicot, Chepstow and Monmouth.
  The historic county of Monmouthshire was formed from the Welsh Marches by the Laws in Wales Act 1535, bordering Gloucestershire to the east, Herefordshire to the northeast, Brecknockshire to the north, and Glamorgan to the west. The second Laws in Wales Act of 1542 enumerated the counties of Wales and excluded Monmouthshire – This led to ambiguity as to whether the county was part of Wales or England. Since local government changes in April 1974 the area has been placed definitively in Wales. The eastern and southern boundaries of the historic county and the current principal area are the same, along the River Wye and Severn estuary; however, the western two-fifths of the historic county are now administered by the other unitary authorities of Blaenau Gwent, Torfaen, Caerphilly and Newport. The administrative county of Monmouthshire, and associated lieutenancy were abolished in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972. The area largely became part of the new local government and ceremonial county of Gwent.
  
  wn.com/Monmouthshire
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  Montgomeryshire
  Montgomeryshire, also known as Maldwyn (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn) is one of thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. It is named after its county town, Montgomery, which in turn is named after one of William the Conqueror's main counsellors, Roger de Montgomerie, who was the 1st Earl of Shrewsbury.
  Montgomeryshire today constitutes the northern part of the principal area of Powys. The population of Montgomeryshire was 59,474 according to the 2001 census.
  Montgomeryshire is the birth place of Saint Richard Gwyn; it is where the Treaty of Montgomery was signed 29 September 1267.
  In terms of historic counties, Montgomeryshire is bounded to the north by Denbighshire, to the east and south east by Shropshire (an English county), to the south by Radnorshire, to the south west by Cardiganshire and to the west and north west by Merionethshire. It was formed under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542. Its cantrefi included:
  It also included the Lordships of Cydewain and Mechain. The borders of Montgomeryshire correspond roughly to the medieval kingdom of Powys Wenwynwyn.
  
  wn.com/Montgomeryshire
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  Mynydd Bodafon
  Mynydd Bodafon is the highest point on the island of Anglesey (although not in the county of Anglesey — see Holyhead Mountain). Its summit is also known as Yr Arwydd ("the signal"). It lies about four kilometres west of the coastal town of Moelfre and one kilometre south-west of the hamlet of Brynrefail. The meaning of Bodafon is obscure. Bod is a common placename element meaning 'dwelling' and afon here is possibly a corruption of the personal name A(e)ddan (afon is Welsh for 'river' but topography rules that out).
  The terrain of Mynydd Bodafon varies greatly, from pine forest to heathland. In 2006 during an arson attack, much of this land was burnt. The walk to the top of Yr Arwydd is not a particularly difficult one and can be done by anyone with a reasonable level of fitness. There is a small lake which contains various varieties of fish, a reservoir and three springs coming from the hill. To the east of the hill is found an iron age earthwork.
  Mynydd Bodafon's wildlife is typical for Anglesey. There are a growing number of rabbits which spread past the base of the hill. At one time, deer were present but were hunted and no longer exist there. Also due to hunting the number of foxes in the area has decreased. Mynydd Bodafon boasts a large number of wild birds. Various birds of prey include buzzards and a small number of peregrine falcons. The region is also a popular point of migration for swallows, who inhabit the area between mid-April to October. Recently there have been sightings of the lesser spotted woodpecker, which shows promising growth in the area. The cuckoo is regularly seen on the mountain (there is an old local song about the cuckoo on Bodafon Mountain).
  
  wn.com/Mynydd_Bodafon
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  Neath Port Talbot
  Neath Port Talbot (Welsh: Castell-nedd Port Talbot) is a county borough and one of the unitary authority areas of Wales. Neath Port Talbot is the 8th most populous county in Wales and the third most populous county borough.
  The county borough borders the other principal areas of Bridgend and Rhondda Cynon Taff to the east, Powys and Carmarthenshire to the north and Swansea to the west. Its principal towns are Neath, Port Talbot and Pontardawe.
  The local authority area stretches from the coast to the borders of the Brecon Beacons National Park. The majority of land is upland or semi-upland in character, and 43% is covered by forestry with major conifer plantations in upland areas. Most of the lower lying flat land is near the coast around Port Talbot. An extensive dune system stretches along much of the coast, broken by river mouths and areas of development. The upland areas are cut by five valleys: Vale of Neath, Dulais Valley, Afan Valley, Swansea Valley, Upper Amman Valley.
  Modern settlement patterns reflect the industrial history of the area, with urban development along the flatter areas of the valleys and some parts of the coast. The largest town is Neath with a population of 47,020, followed by Port Talbot (35,633), Briton Ferry (7,186), Pontardawe (5,035), and Glynneath (4,368). The majority of the population live in the coastal plane around Port Talbot and the land around the River Neath in the vicinity of Neath.
  
  wn.com/Neath_Port_Talbot
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  Newport
  Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) is a city and unitary authority in south east Wales. It is located on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn estuary, about 12 miles (19 km) east of Cardiff. It is the third largest city in Wales, with a population of 141,300 (2007 estimate).
  Newport has been a port since medieval times, when a castle was built by the Normans. The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon, immediately upstream, and gained its first charter in 1314. It grew significantly in the 19th century, when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern valleys of South Wales. Until the rise of Cardiff from the 1850s, Newport was Wales' largest coal-exporting port. It was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Britain, the Newport Rising of 1839 led by the Chartists.
  During the 20th century, the docks declined in importance, but Newport remained an important manufacturing and engineering centre. It was granted city status in 2002. It is the home of the University of Wales, Newport, and the Newport Gwent Dragons rugby union regional team, and hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010.
  
  wn.com/Newport
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  North Stack
  North Stack (Welsh: Ynys Arw, meaning "rugged island") is a small island situated just off Holy Island on the north-west coast of Anglesey.
  North Stack can also refer to the headland opposite the island. This is the site of a redundant fog warning station, comprising a number of buildings, including the Trinity House Magazine, built in 1861, where shells for the warning cannon were stored. These buildings now house a bird watching observatory, giving a view of South Stack lighthouse across Gogarth Bay, and the studio of artist Philippa Jacobs. The Precambrian quartzite cliffs of this headland, including North Stack Walls and Wen Zawn, provide some of the most well-known rock climbs in Britain, such as "A Dream of White Horses", "The Cad" and "The Bells! The Bells!"
  North Stack is the small island at the end of Gogarth Bay
  Trinity House Magazine, North Stack
  Rock climbing at North Stack
  Coordinates: 53°19′20″N 4°41′01″W / 53.3223°N 4.6836°W / 53.3223; -4.6836
  
  wn.com/North_Stack
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  North Wales
  North Wales (Welsh: Gogledd Cymru) is the northernmost unofficial region of Wales. It is bordered to the south by the counties of Ceredigion and Powys in Mid Wales and to the east by the counties of Shropshire in the West Midlands and Cheshire in North West England. North Wales is divided in to three traditional regions, viz; Upper Gwynedd (or Gwynedd above the Conwy defined as the area north of the River Dyfi and west of the River Conwy); Lower Gwynedd (or Gwynedd below the Conwy also known as the Perfeddwlad and defined as the region east of the River Conwy and west of the River Dee) and Ynys Môn (or Anglesey), a large island off the north coast.^{[citation needed]}.
  The southern boundary is arbitrary and its definition may depend on the use being made of the term. For example the boundary of North Wales Police differs from the boundary of the North Wales area of the Environment Agency Wales.
  North Wales is steeped in history and was for almost a millennium known as the Kingdom of Gwynedd. The mountainous stronghold of Snowdonia formed the nucleus of that realm and would become the last redoubt of independent Wales — only overcome in 1283. To this day it remains a stronghold of the Welsh language and a centre for Welsh national and cultural identity.
  
  wn.com/North_Wales
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  Ogwr
  The Borough of Ogwr was one of six districts of Mid Glamorgan in Wales, which existed from 1974 to 1996.
  It was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 from the urban districts of Bridgend, Maesteg, Ogmore and Garw and Porthcawl, along with Penybont Rural District from the administrative county of Glamorgan. In 1996 most of Ogwr became part of Bridgend County Borough, with the Vale of Glamorgan taking the communities of Wick, St Brides Major and Ewenny.
  The district took its name from the local River Ogwr.
  Coordinates: 51°30′31″N 3°34′42″W / 51.5087°N 3.5782°W / 51.5087; -3.5782
  
  
  
  wn.com/Ogwr
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  Parys Mountain
  Parys Mountain – in the Welsh language Mynydd Parys – is located south of the town of Amlwch in north east Anglesey, Wales. It is the site of a large copper mine that was extensively exploited in the late 18th century.
  The mountain was mined for copper ore in the early Bronze Age, as shown by sub-surface debris nearly 4,000 years old revealed during excavations in 2002. Since then access has been regained to the sealed underground workings of the Parys mine revealing further evidence for this ancient mining. Parys Mountain is thus one of the few sites in Britain where there is evidence for the prehistoric beginnings of the British metal mining industry.
  The 18th century miners recognised that they were following in the steps of much earlier workers, an observation that was then linked to the discovery locally of copper ingots bearing Roman inscriptions.^{[citation needed]}
  In 1764 Charles Roe of Macclesfield was granted a 21-year lease by the Bayly family to work the mountain for copper. Rowland Pugh, a local miner, discovered the "Great Lode" on 2 March 1768 and was rewarded with a bottle of whisky and a rent-free house for his lifetime.
  
  wn.com/Parys_Mountain
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  Pembrokeshire
  Pembrokeshire ( /ˈpɛmbrʊkʃɪər/, /ˈpɛmbrʊkʃər/, or /ˈpɛmbroʊkʃɪər/; Welsh: Sir Benfro [ˈsiːr ˈbɛnvrɔ]) is a county in the south west of Wales. It borders Carmarthenshire to the east and Ceredigion to the north east. The county town is Haverfordwest where Pembrokeshire County Council is headquartered.
  The county is home to Pembrokeshire Coast National Park, the only coastal national park of its kind in the United Kingdom and one of three national parks in Wales, the others being Snowdonia and Brecon Beacons national parks. Over the years Pembrokeshire's beaches have been awarded 41 Blue Flag Awards (13 in 2011), 47 Green Coast Awards (15 in 2011) and 106 Seaside Awards (31 in 2011. In 2011 it also had 39 beaches recommended by the Marine Conservation Society.
  Much of Pembrokeshire, especially the south, has been English in language and culture for many centuries. The boundary between the English and Welsh speakers is known as the Landsker Line. South Pembrokeshire is known as Little England Beyond Wales.
  
  wn.com/Pembrokeshire
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  Penmon
  Coordinates: 53°18′21″N 4°03′24″W / 53.305833°N 4.056667°W / 53.305833; -4.056667
  Penmon is a promontory, village and ecclesiastical parish on the south-east tip of the Isle of Anglesey in Wales, about 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the town of Beaumaris. It is in the community of Llangoed. The name comes from Welsh: pen (which can mean "head", "end" or "promontory") and Môn, which is the Welsh word for Anglesey. It is the site of an historic monastery and associated 12th century church. Walls near the well next to the church may be part of the oldest remaining Christian building in Wales. Penmon also has an award-winning beach and the Anglesey Coastal Path follows its shores. Quarries in Penmon have provided stone for many important buildings and structures, including Birmingham Town Hall and the two bridges that cross the Menai Strait. The area is popular with locals and visitors alike for its monuments, tranquillity, bracing air and fine views of Snowdonia to the south across the Menai Strait.
  
  wn.com/Penmon
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  Penmynydd
  Penmynydd (Welsh = top of the mountain) is a village on Anglesey situated on a slight hill on the B5420 road between Menai Bridge and Llangefni, at grid reference SH510743. The Royal Mail postcode begins LL61.
  The village is notable for its almshouses and there is a radio transmission mast a few yards north of the village at the top of the hill.
  Penmynydd was the home of the Tudors of Penmynydd and claims the birthplace of the founding of the Tudor Dynasty.
  In the 14th century, a resident of Penmynydd, Tudur ap Goronwy, had five sons, one of whom was called Maredudd (the father of Owen Tudor - an Anglicisation of his Welsh name Owain ap Maredudd ap Tudur) who joined Henry V's army and subsequently established himself at court. After Henry V died, his widow married Owen Tudor in secret around 1429 and had three sons. Their grandson, Henry Tudor, subsequently claimed the crown of England through this rather tenuous relationship.
  
  
  Coordinates: 53°14′41″N 4°14′04″W / 53.24475°N 4.23442°W / 53.24475; -4.23442
  
  wn.com/Penmynydd
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  Pentraeth
  Pentraeth is a village on the island of Anglesey (Ynys Môn), north Wales, at grid reference SH523786. The Royal Mail postcode begins LL75.
  Its Welsh name means at the end of (or head of) a beach, and it is located near Traeth Coch (Red Wharf Bay). There is a small river, Afon Nodwydd which runs through it. The village's ancient name was Llanfair Betws Geraint. In 1170 it was the site of a battle when Hywel ab Owain Gwynedd landed with an army raised in Ireland in an attempt to claim a share of the kingdom of Gwynedd following the death of his father Owain Gwynedd. He was defeated and killed here by the forces of his half-brothers Dafydd ab Owain Gwynedd and Rhodri.
  In 1859, Charles Dickens stayed in the village on his trip, as a journalist for The Times, to visit the wreck of the Royal Charter in Moelfre. Between 1908 and 1950 it was served by Pentraeth railway station, on the Red Wharf Bay branch line.
  The village has a football side, Pentraeth F.C., who play in the Gwynedd League, the fourth tier of Welsh football.
  
  wn.com/Pentraeth
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  Pentre Berw
  Pentre Berw is a small village located on the island of Anglesey, in north Wales. It lies two and a half miles south of the county town of Llangefni.
  A major road, the A5, runs through the village as does the disused Anglesey Central Railway. Indeed the village's most famous hotel The Holland Arms even had a station named after it. The village is located at the top of a gentle slope on the eastern edge of the Malltraeth Marshes. Therefore a good view of the marshes and also of the Afon Cefni can taken in from parts of the village.
  Plas Berw, a country house which dates back from the early 17th century, is near the village. It also has formal gardens and a deer park. The grounds cover some 8.5 acres (34,000 m²) and it is a Grade II listed building. Llanfihangel Ysceifiog (St Michael's church), although ruined, is a good example of a traditional Welsh church. It is situated just north of the village.
  Coordinates: 53°13′38″N 4°17′30″W / 53.2272°N 4.2918°W / 53.2272; -4.2918
  
  
  
  wn.com/Pentre_Berw
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  Plas Newydd
  Plas Newydd, located in Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, Anglesey, Wales, is the country seat of the Marquess of Anglesey. The family's former principal seat at Beaudesert, Staffordshire, was sold and demolished in the 1930s.
  The house is situated on the bank of the Menai Strait and has views of Snowdonia.
  The estate can be traced to the 15th century when it was held by the Griffiths family, owners of a large estate in nearby Bangor. The house originated in the 14th century; the earliest section is the Great Hall with symmetrical entrances at either end. From there the house was expanded towards the Menai Strait and two towers were added.
  The building was greatly altered in the 18th century by James Wyatt who refaced it, blended the towers into the building front, and substantially made it into the building that stands today. At the end of the 19th century the 5th Marquess had the chapel turned into a theatre. Plays were put on regularly, with the Marquess often taking the lead role himself. After the 6th Marquess inherited the estate, all the furniture was sold to help restore the solvency of the family after the 5th Marquess' huge spending. The family also sold off their main home and their London house and moved into Plas Newydd permanently. The 6th Marquess made the final big changes to the house by removing the crenellations from the roof, disposing of the theatre, knocking three servants' rooms together to make the dining room and covering over a courtyard to provide a roof for the servants.
  
  wn.com/Plas_Newydd
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  Port of Holyhead
  The Port of Holyhead is a ferry port in Anglesey, Wales, handling more than 2 million passengers each year.Stena Line and Irish Ferries sail from Holyhead to Dublin and Dún Laoghaire in Ireland, forming the principal link for surface transport from north Wales and central and northern England to Ireland.
  Coordinates: 53°18′34″N 4°37′44″W / 53.3094°N 4.6289°W / 53.3094; -4.6289
  
  wn.com/Port_of_Holyhead
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  Porth Dafarch
  Porth Dafarch is a sandy beach resort on the south coast of Ynys Môn (Isle of Anglesey), north Wales, close to Holyhead.
  The bay is roughly 100 metres across and opens out southwest into the Irish Sea. Backed by cliffs and in close proximity to campsites, it features a sheltered and marked bathing area and opportunities for rockpooling and rambling. It is also popular for watersports, particularly windsurfing, surfing, canoeing, sailing and jet skiing.
  The geology of the area is mainly foliated schist.
  The origins of the name are uncertain. Although some claim that the placename is a contraction of Porth Dau Farch ("Harbour of the Two Stallions"), scholars are fairly sure that this is not the case. Indeed, in documents the name has been recorded as Porth Davagh ("Davagh's Harbour") (1545), Porth Daverch (1878), Porth y Dafarch (1799), Porth y Daferch (1789), and the present Porth Dafarch (since 1838). It has been tentatively suggested that "Tafarch" (which takes a soft mutation after porth to become "Dafarch") was a personal name, albeit not a common one.
  
  wn.com/Porth_Dafarch
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  Powys
  Powys ( /ˈpaʊ.ɪs/;Welsh: [ˈpowɪs]) is a principal area, local-government county and preserved county in Mid Wales.
  Powys covers the historic counties of Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire, most of Brecknockshire (Breconshire), and a small part of Denbighshire — an area of 5,179 km², making it the largest county in Wales by land area.
  It is bounded to the north by Gwynedd, Denbighshire and Wrexham; to the west by Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire; to the east by Shropshire and Herefordshire; and to the south by Rhondda Cynon Taf, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent, Monmouthshire and Neath Port Talbot.
  Most of Powys is mountainous, with north-south transportation by car being difficult.
  The majority of the Powys population is made up of villages and small towns. The largest towns are Newtown, Ystradgynlais, Brecon, and Welshpool with populations of 12,783, 9,004, 7,901 and 6,269 respectively (2001). Powys has the lowest population density of all the principal areas of Wales.
  Just under a third of the residents have Welsh linguistic skills and Welsh speakers are concentrated mainly in the rural areas both in and around Machynlleth, Llanfyllin and Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant (where William Morgan first translated the whole Bible into Welsh in 1588) in Montgomeryshire (Welsh: Sir Drefaldwyn), and the industrial area of Ystradgynlais in the extreme south-west of Brecknockshire (Welsh: Sir Frycheiniog). Radnorshire (Welsh: Sir Faesyfed) was almost completely Anglicised by the end of the 18th century.
  
  wn.com/Powys
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  Radnorshire
  Radnorshire (Welsh: Sir Faesyfed) is one of thirteen historic and former administrative counties of Wales. It is represented by the Radnorshire area of Powys, which according to the 2001 census, had a population of 24,805. The historic county is bounded to the north by Montgomeryshire and Shropshire, to the east by Herefordshire, to the south by Brecknockshire and to the west by Cardiganshire.
  The county was formed from the cantrefs of Maelienydd and Elfael and the commotes of Gwrtheyrnion and Deuddwr (the area formerly known as Rhwng Gwy a Hafren) by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535-1542. New Radnor was considered the county town, although it historically shared administrative functions with Presteigne where the Assizes sat. Radnor County Council and later the District Council were based instead at Llandrindod Wells.
  The administrative county formed under the Local Government Act 1888 was abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in 1974, with its area being transferred to the newly-created county of Powys. Powys was divided into three districts, one of which (Radnor) was coterminous with Radnorshire. The district was renamed Radnorshire in 1989. Since Powys became a unitary authority in 1996, Radnorshire has been one of three areas formed under a decentralisation scheme. A "shire committee" consisting of councillors elected for electoral divisions within the former district of Radnorshire exercises functions delegated by Powys County Council.
  
  wn.com/Radnorshire
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  RAF Valley
  RAF Valley (IATA: HLY, ICAO: EGOV) is a Royal Air Force station on the island of Anglesey, Wales, and which is also used as Anglesey Airport. It provides fast-jet training using the BAE Hawk and provides training for aircrew working with Search and Rescue. Unofficially the motto for RAF Valley is 'One Valley, Training Aircrew and Saving Lives'
  No. 4 Flying Training School takes RAF and Royal Navy pilots from 1FTS at RAF Linton-on-Ouse and trains them to fly fast jets, prior to training on an Operational Conversion Unit. 4 FTS is divided into two squadrons; 208 Sqn provides the advanced flying training, students then move on to 19 Sqn to receive tactics and weapons training.
  Valley is also home to C Flight of 22 Sqn with Sea King helicopters. These are busy in the Search and Rescue role, rescuing people from ships in the Irish Sea, from the mountains of nearby Snowdonia and elsewhere. The mountain rescue work in Snowdonia is coordinated with the North Wales Mountain Rescue Association.
  The base is also home to SARTU (Search and Rescue Training Unit), part of the Defence Helicopter Flying School, using AW139 and Griffin helicopters, and newly home to the relocated headquarters elements of both 22 and 202 Squadrons.
  
  wn.com/RAF_Valley
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  Rhondda Cynon Taf
  Rhondda Cynon Taf (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈr̥ɔnða ˈkənɔn ˈtaːv]), or RCT, is a county borough in the South Wales Valleys of Wales. It consists of 3 valleys: the Rhondda Valley, Cynon Valley and Taff-Ely Valley. Results from the 2001 census showed 21.1% of its 233,700 residents were able to speak, read, write or understand the Welsh language.
  The county borough borders Merthyr Tydfil and Caerphilly to the east, Cardiff and the Vale of Glamorgan to the south, Bridgend and Neath Port Talbot to the west and Powys to the north. Its principal towns are - Aberdare, Llantrisant with Talbot Green and Pontypridd, with other key settlements/towns being - Ferndale, Hirwaun, Llanharan, Mountain Ash, Porth, Tonypandy, Tonyrefail and Treorchy. Rhondda Cynon Taf is the second-most populous local authority area in Wales.
  See List of places in Rhondda Cynon Taf for a list of towns and villages. The most populous town in Rhondda Cynon Taf is Aberdare (Welsh: Aberdâr) with a population of 31,705 (2001 Census), followed by Pontypridd with 29,781.
  
  wn.com/Rhondda_Cynon_Taf
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  Rhoscolyn
  Rhoscolyn is a village located on Holy Island, Anglesey, Wales. It is just over five miles south of Holyhead and is the most southerly settlement on the island. The name Rhoscolyn is said to mean "The Moor" (Rhos) of The Column (colyn), referring to a pillar which the Romans put up to mark the edge of their territories.
  A little to the west of the village is a mediaeval well dedicated to St Gwenfaen beside which are the remains of a drystone well house measuring 4.5m east-west by 5.5m. The local church in the village itself is dedicated to the same saint and was first built in the 6th century.
  Rhoscolyn is bordered to the south by a small enclosed bay called Borthwen which is bordered by a public beach. There was once a lifeboat station on Borthwen which was open between 1830 and 1929 which has been replaced by a navigational beacon on Ynysoedd Gwylanod (Gulls' Island). Around these waters at the end of the 18th century was a thriving oyster catching industry but this declined once the beds had been depleted. Existing buildings include the local pub, The White Eagle, and the primary school which is found just over a mile north of the village.
  
  wn.com/Rhoscolyn
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  Rhosgoch
  Rhosgoch (Red Moor) is a small village in the north of the island of Anglesey, Wales.
  It is found 3.5 miles to the south-west of Amlwch.
  A short distance to the west of the village is the small lake Llyn Hafodol and a mile to the south is Anglesey's largest body of water the reservoir Llyn Alaw (Water Lily Lake).
  The village once was home to one of the stations on the Anglesey Central Railway. Although the tracks still exist no train has run on them since 1993.
  Coordinates: 53°22′30″N 4°23′31″W / 53.375°N 4.392°W / 53.375; -4.392
  
  wn.com/Rhosgoch
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  Rhosmeirch
  Rhosmeirch is a small village in Anglesey, Wales.
  It is located 1+¹⁄₂ miles (2.4 km) north of the county town, Llangefni, and half a mile west of the reservoir Llyn Cefni.
  Coordinates: 53°16′27″N 4°18′38″W / 53.27417°N 4.31056°W / 53.27417; -4.31056
  
  wn.com/Rhosmeirch
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  Rhosneigr
  Coordinates: 53°13′45″N 4°31′12″W / 53.229154°N 4.520006°W / 53.229154; -4.520006
  Rhosneigr is a village in the south-west of Anglesey, North Wales. It is situated on the A4080 road some 10 km south-east of Holyhead, and is on the Anglesey Coastal Path. From the clock at the centre of the village can be seen RAF Valley and Holyhead Mountain. The major towns of Holyhead and Llangefni and the city of Bangor are all within easy travelling distance.
  The village contains four caravan sites, three camp sites, holiday homes and bungalows, pubs, hotels, cafes, a new village hall, a chapel, residential homes, a school, a fire station, a convenience store and Post Office, a pharmacy and a fish and chip shop. It is served by Rhosneigr railway station.
  Recreational activities include: swimming, surfing, wind surfing, kite surfing, wakeboarding, shore and boat fishing, water skiing, golf, tennis and underwater diving. The village is home to Anglesey Golf Club.
  It has three main beaches:
  Llyn Maelog or Maelog lake is around 65 acres in total with varying depth up to seven feet^{[citation needed]}. It is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest. There is a good stock of fish in the lake including Perch, Bream, Roach and Pike. A large variety of birdlife inhabits the reedbeds^{[citation needed]}. Grey Heron, Snipe, Reed Warblers, Coots, Mallard, Shelducks etc.^{[citation needed]}. Black headed gulls nest on the small island^{[citation needed]}. The lake is circled by public footbath and is popular with walkers^{[citation needed]}. In 2011 it became the first lake in Wales to be classified as a village green.
  
  wn.com/Rhosneigr
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  Scotland
  Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə]  listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
  Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
  
  wn.com/Scotland
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  Snowdonia
  Snowdonia (Welsh: Eryri) is a region in north Wales and a national park of 823 square miles (2,130 km²) in area. It was the first to be designated of the three National Parks in Wales, in 1951.
  The English name for the area derives from Snowdon, which is the highest mountain in Wales at 3,560 ft (1,085 m). In Welsh, the area is named Eryri. One assumption is that the name is derived from eryr ("eagle"), but others state that it means quite simply Highlands, as leading Welsh scholar Sir Ifor Williams proved. In the Middle Ages the title Prince of Wales and Lord of Snowdonia (Tywysog Cymru ac Arglwydd Eryri) was used by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd; his grandfather Llywelyn Fawr used the title Prince of north Wales and Lord of Snowdonia.
  Prior to the designation of the boundaries of the National Park, the term "Snowdonia" was generally used to refer to a much smaller area, namely the upland area of northern Gwynedd centred on the Snowdon massif, whereas the national park covers an area more than twice that size extending far to the south into Meirionnydd. This is apparent in books published prior to 1951 such as the classic travelogue Wild Wales by George Borrow (1862) and The Mountains of Snowdonia by H. Carr & G. Lister (1925). F. J. North, as editor of the book Snowdonia (1949), states "When the Committee delineated provisional boundaries, they included areas some distance beyond Snowdonia proper." The traditional Snowdonia thus includes the ranges of Snowdon and its satellites, the Glyderau, the Carneddau and the Moel Siabod group. It does not include the hills to the south of Maentwrog. As Eryri (see above), this area has a unique place in Welsh history, tradition and culture.
  
  wn.com/Snowdonia
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  South Glamorgan
  Coordinates: 51°29′56″N 3°19′48″W / 51.499°N 3.330°W / 51.499; -3.330
  South Glamorgan (Welsh: De Morgannwg) is a preserved county of Wales.
  It was originally formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, as a county council area. It consisted of the county borough of Cardiff along with the southern part of the administrative county of Glamorgan, and also the parish of St Mellons from Monmouthshire.
  These areas were divided between two districts: Cardiff and Vale of Glamorgan. Of the counties created in the Act, this was an unusually low number of districts, with only the Isle of Wight being the only other county with two. As well as Cardiff, the county included the main towns of Barry, Cowbridge, Llantwit Major and Penarth.
  Following the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, South Glamorgan was abolished on 1 April 1996, with both district councils becoming unitary authorities. These new authorities each also included small parts of Mid Glamorgan, with Wick, St Brides Major, and Ewenny transferred to the Vale of Glamorgan from the Ogwr district, while Pentyrch and Creigiau (from the Taff-Ely district) became part of Cardiff.
  
  wn.com/South_Glamorgan
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  South Stack
  Coordinates: 53°18′24.5″N 4°41′55.5″W / 53.306806°N 4.69875°W / 53.306806; -4.69875
  South Stack (Welsh: Ynys Lawd) is an island situated just off Holy Island on the North West coast of Anglesey. It is famous as the location of one of Wales' most spectacular lighthouses.
  The South Stack Lighthouse has warned passing ships of the treacherous rocks below since its completion in 1809. The 28 m (91 ft) lighthouse was designed by Daniel Alexander and the main light is visible to passing vessels for 28 miles, and was designed to allow safe passage for ships on the treacherous Dublin - Holyhead - Liverpool sea route. It provides the first beacon along the northern coast of Anglesey for east-bound ships. It is followed by lighthouses, fog horns and other markers at North Stack, Holyhead breakwater, The Skerries, the Mice and at the north-east tip of the island Trwyn-Du. The lighthouse is operated remotely by Trinity House. It has been visited by the team at Most Haunted.
  Visitors can climb to the top of the lighthouse and tour the engine room and exhibition area. The lighthouse is open seasonally.
  
  wn.com/South_Stack
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  St Albans
  Coordinates: 51°45′18″N 0°20′10″W / 51.755°N 0.336°W / 51.755; -0.336
  St Albans /sɨnt ˈɔːlbənz/ is a city in southern Hertfordshire, England, around 22 miles (35 km) north of central London, which forms the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans.
  It is a historic market town, and is now a sought-after dormitory town within the London commuter belt. Property prices are notoriously high within the district, which is one of the most expensive in the UK.
  St Albans has two official demonyms: Verulamian and Old Albanian. St Albans was a settlement of pre-Roman origin named Verlamion (or Verulam) by the Ancient British, Catuvellauni tribe. It became the first major town on the old Roman road of Watling Street for travellers heading north and became the Roman city of Verulamium.
  Saint Alban, the first British Christian martyr, was beheaded in AD 308 by Maximian on the orders of Emperor Diocletian, who denounced the Christian faith and had ordered the deaths of all subjects and allies of the Roman Empire who refused to give up the faith. Saint Alban consequently gave the town its modern name.
  
  wn.com/St_Albans
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  Swansea
  Swansea ( /ˈswɒnzi/ SWONZ-ee; Welsh: Abertawe [abɛrˈtauɛ], "mouth of the Tawe") is a coastal city and county in Wales. Swansea is in the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands. Swansea had a population of 169,880 in 2001 and is the second most populous city in Wales after Cardiff and the third most populous county in Wales after Cardiff and Rhondda Cynon Taf. During its 19th century industrial heyday, Swansea was one of the key centres of the world copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'.
  Archaeological finds are mostly confined to the Gower Peninsula, and include items from the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. The Romans reached the area, as did the Vikings.
  Swansea is thought to have originally developed as a Viking trading post. Some think that its name is derived from Sveinn's island (Old Norse: Sveinsey) – the reference to an island may refer to a bank at the mouth of the river Tawe, or perhaps an area of raised ground in marshes. An alternative explanation is that the name derives from the Norse name 'Sweyn' and 'ey', which can mean inlet. The name is pronounced Swans-y /ˈswɒnzi/), not Swan-sea. The Welsh name first appears in Welsh poems at the beginning of the 13th century, as "Aber Tawy".
  
  wn.com/Swansea
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  Torfaen
  Torfaen (Welsh: Torfaen) is a county borough in Wales within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire. It was originally formed in 1974 as a district of the county of Gwent and in 1996 it was reconstituted as a unitary authority.
  Secondary schools in the area are:
  Further education, vocational training and some higher education is provided at the Ponytpool Campus of Coleg Gwent, formerly Pontypool College.
  The name Torfaen is corrupted Welsh language for rock-breaker and refers to the river that flows through the county borough from its source in Blaenavon. The river in question is now known as the Afon Lwyd (English: grey river).
  Torfaen borders the city of Newport to the south, the county of Monmouthshire to the east and the county boroughs of Caerphilly and Blaenau Gwent to the west and north-west.
  The area has a population of around 91,000. Much of the southern parts of the county borough are now urbanised around the Cwmbran new town conurbation. The north of the county borough is greener and retains vast acres of countryside, especially on the route to Blaenavon.
  
  wn.com/Torfaen
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  Trearddur
  Coordinates: 53°17′06″N 4°37′11″W / 53.2849°N 4.6196°W / 53.2849; -4.6196
  Trearddur Bay is a village is located south of Holyhead on the west coast of Holy Island off the north-west coast of Anglesey in Wales. The population is c.1000.
  The historical name for Trearddur Bay is Towyn Capel or Tywyn y Capel, and at the centre of the beach lies an ancient burial ground known by the old names and which was excavated in 2003.
  There are two general shops in the centre of the village, along with a garage, two golf courses (one 18-hole, and one small 9-hole), and many hotels including a large hotel, Trearddur Bay Hotel, which overlooks the beach.
  On the two beaches—Porth Dafarch and the main beach—there are some shallow scuba diving sites, and the main beach is one of the tourist hotspots of Anglesey. There is excellent sea fishing in the area. Boat trips & fishing trips are available from the beach. Horse riding is available, as well as a snooker hall at the Beach Hotel.
  Near the beach is a play area and a football pitch where Trearddur Bay United F.C. play.
  
  wn.com/Trearddur
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  Tref Alaw
  Coordinates: 53°20′03″N 4°27′51″W / 53.334131°N 4.464095°W / 53.334131; -4.464095
  Tref Alaw is a community in Anglesey, north Wales. The community takes in the area west and south west of the Llyn Alaw, a man made reservoir which is also the largest body of water on the island. The community consists of the settlements of Llanbabo, Llantrisant, Elim and Llanddeusant. As of the 2001 census it had a population of 606 inhabitants.
  Tref Alaw's main feature is Llyn Alaw a man made reservoir which was built in 1966. The northern part of the community is dominated by the Llyn Alaw wind farm which consists of 35 turbines.
  Near Llanddeussant is Melin Llynon, Anglesey's only working windmill, a building once common on the island. Built during the Napoleonic Wars it remained in working order until damaged by a storm in 1918. It fell into disrepair until bought by Anglesey Borough Council in 1976, and was restored to working order in 1986. Llanddeussant is also the location of Melin Hywel, a watermill restored in both 1975 and 1985, though it is again in a state of disrepair.
  
  wn.com/Tref_Alaw
• Trefdraeth
  Trefdraeth is a hamlet in Anglesey.
  Coordinates: 53°12′35″N 5°23′11″W / 53.20972°N 5.38639°W / 53.20972; -5.38639
  
  wn.com/Trefdraeth
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  Tŷ Croes
  Tŷ Croes is a small settlement two miles east of Rhosneigr, Anglesey, north Wales.
  It was, for a short time, the home of 144 Signals Unit, an RAF Strike Command mobile radar reserve.
  It has a railway station on the North Wales Coast Line which runs between Holyhead and Crewe.
  Coordinates: 53°13′24″N 4°28′33″W / 53.2233°N 4.4757°W / 53.2233; -4.4757
  
  
  
  wn.com/Tŷ_Croes
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  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
  The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
  
  wn.com/United_Kingdom
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  Vale of Glamorgan
  The Vale of Glamorgan (Welsh: Bro Morgannwg [ˈbroː mɔrˈɡanʊɡ]) is a county borough in Wales; an exceptionally rich agricultural area, it lies in the southern part of Glamorgan, South Wales. It has a rugged coastline, but its rolling countryside is quite atypical of Wales as a whole.
  The Vale also has many tourist attractions which attract many visitors every year, including Barry Island Pleasure Park, Vale of Glamorgan Railway, St Donat's Castle, Cosmeston Lakes Country Park and Cosmeston Medieval Village and many more. It is also the location of Atlantic College, one of the United World Colleges.
  It has been a county borough (unitary authority) since 1996, previously being part of South Glamorgan county. The largest centre of population is Barry. Other towns include Cowbridge, Dinas Powys, Llantwit Major and Penarth which is the Vale's first Fairtrade town, but a large proportion of the population inhabits villages, hamlets and individual farms. The area is low-lying, with a greatest height of only 137 metres above sea level.
  
  wn.com/Vale_of_Glamorgan
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  Wales
  Wales ⁱ/ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru;Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkəm.rɨ] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km² (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,200 km (750 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands; the largest, Anglesey (Ynys Môn), is also the largest island in the Irish Sea. Wales is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central areas, especially in Snowdonia (Eryri), which contains Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit.
  During the Iron Age and early medieval period, Wales was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. A distinct Welsh national identity emerged in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations today. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was recognised as King of Wales in 1057. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales. The castles and town walls erected to ensure its permanence are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. Wales was subsequently annexed by England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 since when, excluding those matters now devolved to Wales, English law has been the legal system of Wales and England. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and The Welsh Language Society in 1962. The National Assembly for Wales, created in 1999 following a referendum, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
  
  wn.com/Wales
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  West Glamorgan
  Coordinates: 51°49′19″N 3°49′59″W / 51.822°N 3.833°W / 51.822; -3.833
  West Glamorgan (Welsh: Gorllewin Morgannwg) is a preserved county and former administrative county of Wales, one of the divisions of the ancient county of Glamorgan.
  West Glamorgan was created on 1 April 1974, by the Local Government Act 1972 from the county borough of Swansea, the municipal boroughs of Neath and Port Talbot, the urban districts of Glyncorrwg and Llwchwr, Gower Rural District, Pontardawe Rural District, and all of Neath Rural District except the parish of Rhigos. From 1982, the main council offices were located in County Hall, Swansea.
  West Glamorgan had four districts, as follows:
  Following the Local Government (Wales) Act 1994, West Glamorgan and its component districts were abolished on 1 April 1996, the area being divided into the two unitary authorities of Swansea and Neath and Port Talbot. Lliw Valley was partitioned between the two authorities. A West Glamorgan preserved county was created for the limited functions of Lieutenancy and High Shrievalty.
  
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  West Mouse
  Coordinates: 53°25′3.1″N 4°33′16.7″W / 53.417528°N 4.554639°W / 53.417528; -4.554639
  West Mouse (Welsh: Maen y Bugail) is an islet lying 1.1 kilometres (0.68 mi) off the north-east coast of Anglesey, Wales. Its maximum dimensions are 92 by 82 metres (302 by 269 ft), with an area of 1.2 acres (4,900 m²).
  It is located in an area of notoriously strong tides. Because of this, at least three shipwrecks lie near it, making it a popular diving location. There is now a white beacon on the island which is used as a navigational aid if lined up with two other beacons, one on the Anglesey mainland and another on Coal Rock, an islet a mile and a half north. The area also host to species such as hornwrack, sea squirts and conger eels. The island is part of a set of three spread out along the north coast of Anglesey. The other two islands are East Mouse and Middle Mouse.
  
  
  
  wn.com/West_Mouse
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  Wrexham Maelor
  Wrexham Maelor (Welsh: Wrecsam Maelor) was one of six local government districts of the county of Clwyd, north-east Wales, from 1974 to 1996.
  It was formed from parts of the administrative counties of Denbighshire and Flintshire.
  From Denbighshire came the municipal borough of Wrexham and Wrexham Rural District (less the parishes of Llangollen Rural and Llantysilio). From Flintshire came Maelor Rural District and the parish of Marford and Hoseley from Hawarden Rural District. The Flintshire areas had been exclaves, separated from the rest of the county by Denbighshire.
  The district was abolished in 1996, with its area forming the bulk of Wrexham County Borough.
  Coordinates: 53°00′N 3°00′W / 53°N 3°W / 53; -3
  
  wn.com/Wrexham_Maelor
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  Ynys Benlas
  Coordinates: 53°17′9″N 4°35′46.5″W / 53.28583°N 4.59625°W / 53.28583; -4.59625
  Ynys Benlas is a small islet situated in the Inland Sea between Anglesey and Holy Island. It measures approximately 65 metres (east-west) by 35 metres (north-south) at low tide and covers about 0.2 hectares.
  Its name translates from the Welsh for "blue top island", which is thought to derive from the fact that bluebells apparently flourished on it.
  According to the Archaeological Journal (1844), the islet (referred to as Ben Las in the Journal), may have been an ancient signal hill.
  This islet is not to be confused with Ynys Benlas in the Menai Strait near Church Island, nor with Ynys-las near RAF Valley.
  
  
  
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  Ynys Castell
  Coordinates: 53°13′55″N 4°9′8.4″W / 53.23194°N 4.152333°W / 53.23194; -4.152333
  Ynys Castell (grid reference SH564727) is a small island in the Menai Strait which separates Anglesey and mainland Wales. It is an extruding piece of Precambrian schist lying to one side of the Afon Cadnant estuary. It lies between Ynys y Bîg and Ynys Gaint. There is a causeway running to the island that is covered at high tide. On the island there is a private house. Ynys Castell means Castle Island in Welsh.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Ynys_Castell
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  Ynys Dulas
  Ynys Dulas (Dulas Island) is a small island located off the north-east coast of Anglesey (Ynys Mon), Wales. It is the most eastern part of the parish of Llaneilian.
  The island is situated about a mile and a half offshore, within Dulas Bay. The size of the island depends on the tide, with a maximum length of 623 metres and width of 207 metres against a minimum of 184 metres by 35 metres. It has a maximum area of 18.3 acres (74,000 m²). The island is mainly rocky, but at low tide sand is exposed, most noticeably on the southern part of the island where it separates the main rock formation from two smaller ones named Garnog (Welsh: Hooves). Seals are often spotted living on and around the island (hence it is also known locally as Seal Island), but it is too small for human inhabitation. There is also very little flora on the island owing to its rocky composition. However, on lower lying parts of the island, exposed at low tide, seaweeds and other sea plants live. A smaller rock called Garreg Allan (The Outer, Expelled or Furthest Stone) is found about 100 m behind the island, but is not visible with the naked eye from the shore.
  
  wn.com/Ynys_Dulas
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  Ynys Feurig
  Ynys Feurig (also spelt Ynys Feirig) is the name for a set of three small inter-connected low-lying inshore tidal rocky islets (3.1 ha in extent), lying off from the west coast of Anglesey, North Wales, just north of the village of Rhosneigr and south of RAF Valley airfield. They are also known by the English name Starvation Island. The islets are accessible from the mainland at mid to low tide. The clipper Norman Court ran aground nearby, in Cymyran Bay.
  The islands are important for their tern colony, in particular for Roseate Tern, for which this is the most regular breeding site on Anglesey, although numbers of breeding pairs are low currently (2005) compared with the past. Because of this the island has been designated as part of the Ynys Feurig, Cemlyn Bay and The Skerries Special Protection Area along with two other nearby sites, Cemlyn Bay and The Skerries, and all three are also classed by Birdlife International as an Important Bird Area.
  Ynys Feurig is also a Site of Special Scientific Interest. Birds interchange regularly between all three sites, and form part of a larger Irish Sea tern population together with birds at sites in Ireland such as Rockabill Island. The major threat to the terns here is predation by rats; in 1978 rats killed 17 adult terns including 14 roseate terns, as well as taking all the eggs and young of that year. The RSPB warden the site to protect the terns; management measures they have undertaken here to help increase the Roseate Tern population include small-scale control of vegetation and provision of nestboxes, although it is thought that the number of breeding pairs at this site is primarily dependent on the overall health of the Irish Sea population.
  
  wn.com/Ynys_Feurig
• Ynys Gaint
  Coordinates: 53°13′48.1″N 4°9′21″W / 53.230028°N 4.15583°W / 53.230028; -4.15583
  Ynys Gaint is a small island in the Menai Strait connected to the town of Menai Bridge on Anglesey by a causeway (which still exists today) and also a concrete bridge erected by Sir Guy Fison (a previous owner of the island) in the 1930s.
  Ynys Gaint lies close to the Anglesey shore at OS reference SH561725, between Ynys Faelog and Ynys Castell. Between 1942 and 1944 the island housed a Royal Air Force air-sea rescue unit, with several high speed launches, and a small part of the island is still occupied by the MOD with an Army Cadet hut and also a building formerly used by the Naval Reserves (now Volunteers). There are also two privately owned residential properties on Ynys Gaint. One of these had a portion of its garden designed by the late Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, of Portmeirion fame.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Ynys_Gaint
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  Ynys Llanddwyn
  Ynys Llanddwyn or Llanddwyn Island is a small tidal island off the west coast of Anglesey, North Wales. The nearest town is Newborough.
  Coordinates: 53°08′31″N 4°24′29″W / 53.142°N 4.408°W / 53.142; -4.408
  The island is of geological interest with pillow lava, jasper formations and aeolian sand deposits.
  The island forms part of the National Nature Reserve of Newborough Warren which includes the extensive and floristically rich sand dune system.
  Llanddwyn Island is a tidal island; it remains attached to the mainland at all but the highest tides. It provides views of Snowdonia and the Llŷn Peninsula.
  The island is very rich in legends, and in particular the association with Dwynwen. The name Llanddwyn means "The church of St. Dwynwen". Dwynwen is the Welsh patron saint of lovers, making her the Welsh equivalent of St. Valentine. Her Saint's day is January 25 and is often celebrated by the Welsh with cards and flowers. The remains of St Dwynwen's Church can be found.
  There are more than 10 miles of footpaths crossing Llanddwyn Island and Newborough Warren, including the Anglesey Coastal Path, and it is a very popular place to visit. The island provides a worth-while goal after the mile-long walk along the beach from the nearest car park. Llanddwyn Island, with the neighbouring beach, has been awarded Blue Flag beach status in recognition of the cleanliness of the sea and the beaches.
  
  wn.com/Ynys_Llanddwyn
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  Ynys Moelfre
  Coordinates: 53°21′29.3″N 4°13′39.2″W / 53.358139°N 4.227556°W / 53.358139; -4.227556
  Ynys Moelfre (Moelfre Island) is a small island off the coast of Anglesey, Wales. At low tide it has a maximum length of 261 metres and a maximum width of 121 metres with a maximum area of 6.6 acres (27,000 m²). The nearest settlement to the island is the village of Moelfre and the two are separated by a shallow channel called Y Swnt (The Strait or The Sound) which is never more than 194 metres wide and can at low tide only be waist deep all the way across. Due to its proximity to the mainland there are grasses found on the island and a few wild flowers. Species of birds that can be found on the island include gulls, terns, gannets, fulmars, and Great/Arctic skuas. Porpoises are occasionally seen also. There are however no man made structures.
  The island is found at 53°21′29.3″N 4°13′39.2″W and is referred to by some locals as Rat Island.
  
  
  
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  Ynys y Bîg
  Coordinates: 53°14′0.7″N 4°9′3.5″W / 53.233528°N 4.150972°W / 53.233528; -4.150972
  Ynys y Bîg is a small private island in the Menai Strait attached to the island of Anglesey (in North Wales) by a short causeway. The causeway runs from the grounds of a private house, itself also called Ynys y Bîg, preventing any public access.
  The island lies about 1 mile north-east of the Menai Suspension Bridge. It is heavily wooded and in some years herons nest there in some numbers.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Ynys_y_Bîg
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  Ysgol David Hughes
  Coordinates: 53°13′42″N 4°10′38″W / 53.2282°N 4.1771°W / 53.2282; -4.1771
  Ysgol David Hughes is the largest Secondary School in Anglesey, Wales. It was founded in 1603, originally as a free Grammar School in Beaumaris. In 1963, with the local authority leading the way in introducing the comprehensive system, the school moved to Menai Bridge as a mixed comprehensive school.
  The school is divided into five blocks, A-D and New Block. It has recently built a new sports hall with a fitness room with views of the Menai Strait and Snowdonia. The facility is open to the public in the evenings. There are approximately 1250 pupils at the school. The school has a large sports reputation and regularly competes against other schools in the area. The school is located at the top end of Menai Bridge and has views of both the Menai Suspension Bridge and Britannia Bridge. The school has excellent facilities with many classrooms having at least three PCs, every teacher has a laptop or PC and all classrooms have brand new electronic white boards. There are laboratories, kitchen and workshops as well as PC rooms in the school. The current headmaster is Dr. Brian Jones.
  
  wn.com/Ysgol_David_Hughes
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  Åland Islands
  The Åland Islands (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈoːland], Finnish: Ahvenanmaa) form an archipelago in the Baltic Sea. They are situated at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia and form an autonomous, demilitarised, monolingually Swedish-speaking region of Finland. The islands collectively constitute the smallest region of Finland, with only 0.49% of its land area, and 0.50% of its population.
  Åland comprises Fasta Åland (the "Main Island," with 90% of the population), together with an archipelago to the east that comprises over 6,500 skerries and islands. Fasta Åland is separated from the coast of Sweden by 38 kilometres (24 mi) of open water to the west. In the east, the Åland archipelago is contiguous with the Finnish Archipelago Sea. Åland's only land border is located on the uninhabited skerry of Märket, which it shares with Sweden.
  Because of the autonomous status of the Åland Islands, the powers exercised at the provincial level by representatives of the central state administration in the rest of Finland are largely exercised by the Government of Åland in Åland.
  
  wn.com/Åland_Islands

• Albert Owen
  Albert Owen (born 10 August 1959) is a Welsh Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament (MP) for Ynys Môn. He took the seat in the 2001 election from Plaid Cymru with a margin of exactly eight hundred votes and retained the seat with an increased majority of approximately twelve hundred votes in the 2005 election. In the 2010 election he further increased his majority to 2,461. He is a member of the Parliamentary Welsh Affairs Select Committee, and vice-chairman of the All Party Parliamentary Flag Group
  Like most of Holyhead, his hometown, including the Labour MEP Glenys Kinnock, he attended the Holyhead County Comprehensive School. He left when he was sixteen for a career in the Merchant Navy, and was a seaman until 1992. In 1995, he became an advisor in the Citizens Advice Bureau, specialising in welfare rights, and from 1997 to 2001 he managed the J. E. O'Toole Centre in Holyhead - a centre dedicated to the welfare, education and leisure of unemployed workers in Holyhead. In 1999, he unsuccessfully stood for the Labour party in the Welsh Assembly elections. From the University of York he gained a BA in Politics in 1997.
  
  wn.com/Albert_Owen
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  Aled Jones
  Aled Jones (born 29 December 1970) is a Welsh singer and television/radio personality, broadcaster and television presenter (Escape to the Country and Cash in the Attic) who first came to fame as a treble (the highest vocal range). He is notable for presenting Songs of Praise on BBC 1, BBC Radio 2's The Early Breakfast Show, Good Morning Sunday and The Choir on BBC Radio 3. On the 4 May 2012, it was announced that Jones would become the new presenter of the ITV Breakfast programme Daybreak, alongside Lorraine Kelly.
  Jones was born in St. David's Hospital in Bangor, Wales, the only child of Nest Rowlands, a teacher, and Derek John Jones, a draughtsman for a shipbuilder. He was raised in the small Welsh-speaking community of Llandegfan, in Anglesey and attended Ysgol David Hughes. Jones joined the choir of Bangor Cathedral at age nine and was lead soloist within two years, although he never made Head Chorister. The remarkable quality of his treble voice was appreciated by a member of the congregation, Hefina Orwig Evans, who wrote a letter to local record company Sain, and he was duly signed. In 1982 he won the Cerdd Dant solo competitions for competitors under 12 at the Urdd Eisteddfod.
  
  wn.com/Aled_Jones
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  Andy Whitfield
  Andy Whitfield (died 11 September 2011) was a Welsh-Australian actor and model. He was best known for his leading role in the Starz television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand during 2010.
  Whitfield was born in Amlwch, Wales. He studied engineering at the University of Sheffield, England and worked in Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia as an engineer before settling in Sydney in 1999. He appeared in several Australian television series, such as Opening Up, All Saints, The Strip, Packed to the Rafters, and McLeod's Daughters.
  Whitfield gained his first prominent role in the Australian supernatural film Gabriel. He also starred in the 2010 television series Spartacus: Blood and Sand, which was filmed in New Zealand. He portrays a version of the historical Spartacus, although in this retelling he is a conscripted soldier condemned to death who defeats all four of his executioners and is thereby recycled as a gladiator. The actual Spartacus, like this fictional version, was destined to lead a rebellion against the Romans (the Third Servile War). Whitfield also appeared in the Australian thriller The Clinic starring opposite Tabrett Bethell (of Legend of the Seeker fame) which was shot in Deniliquin.
  
  wn.com/Andy_Whitfield
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  Angles
  The Angles is a modern English term for a Germanic people who took their name from the ancestral cultural region of Angeln, a district located in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The Angles were one of the main groups that settled in Britain in the post-Roman period, founding several of the kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England, and their name is the root of the name "England".
  The name of the Angles is first recorded in Latinized form, as Anglii, in the Germania of Tacitus. The name is usually derived from a toponym, Angeln, from a Germanic word *anguz meaning "narrow" (of an estuary) or "angular" (of the shape of the Jutland peninsula).
  Gregory the Great in an epistle simplified the Latinized name Anglii to Angli, the latter form developing into the preferred form of the word. The country remained Anglia in Latin. King Alfred's (Alfred the Great) translation of Orosius' history of the world uses Angelcynn (-kin) to describe England and the English people; Bede used Angelfolc (-folk); there are also such forms as Engel, Englan (the people), Englaland, and Englisc, all showing i-mutation.
  
  wn.com/Angles
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  Boudica
  Boudica ( /ˈbuːdɨkə/; alternative spelling: Boudicca), also known as Boadicea /boʊdɨˈsiːə/ and known in Welsh as Buddug [ˈbɨ̞ðɨ̞ɡ] (d. AD 60 or 61) was queen of the British Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.
  Boudica's husband Prasutagus, ruler of the Iceni tribe who had ruled as a nominally independent ally of Rome, left his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman Emperor in his will. However, when he died, his will was ignored — the kingdom was annexed as if conquered, Boudica was flogged, her daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans.
  In AD 60 or 61, while the Roman governor, Gaius Suetonius Paulinus, was leading a campaign on the island of Anglesey in northern Wales, Boudica led the Iceni people, along with the Trinovantes and others, in revolt. They destroyed Camulodunum (modern Colchester), formerly the capital of the Trinovantes, but now a colonia (a settlement for discharged Roman soldiers) and the site of a temple to the former emperor Claudius, which was built and maintained at local expense. They also routed a Roman legion, the IX Hispana, sent to relieve the settlement.
  
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  Celts
  The Celts (usually pronounced  /ˈkɛlts/ but sometimes /ˈsɛlts/, see pronunciation of Celtic) or Kelts were an ethno-linguistic group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had a similar culture.
  The earliest archaeological culture that may justifiably be considered as Proto-Celtic is the Late Bronze Age Urnfield culture of central Europe from the last quarter of the second millennium BC. Their fully Celtic descendants in central Europe were the people of the Iron Age Hallstatt culture (c. 800-450 BC) named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria. By the later La Tène period (c. 450 BC up to the Roman conquest), this Celtic culture had expanded over a wide range of regions, whether by diffusion or migration: to the British Isles (Insular Celts), France and The Low Countries (Gauls), much of Central Europe, the Iberian Peninsula (Celtiberians, Celtici and Gallaeci) and northern Italy (Golaseccans and Cisalpine Gauls) and following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC as far east as central Anatolia (Galatians).
  
  wn.com/Celts
• Charles Tunnicliffe
  Charles Frederick Tunnicliffe (1 December 1901 – 7 February 1979) was an internationally renowned naturalistic painter of British birds and other wildlife. He spent most of his working life on the Isle of Anglesey.
  Tunnicliffe was born in 1901 in Langley, Macclesfield, England, and spent his early years living on a farm in nearby Sutton, where he saw much wildlife. As a young boy he attended Sutton St. James’ C.E. Primary School and he went on to win a scholarship to the Royal College of Art in London.
  In 1947 he moved from Manchester to a house called "Shorelands" at Malltraeth, on the estuary of the Afon Cefni on Anglesey, where he lived until his death in 1979.
  Tunnicliffe worked in several media, including watercolor painting, etching and aquatint, wood engraving, woodcut, scraperboard (sometimes called scratchboard), and oil painting.
  Much of Tunnicliffe's work depicted birds in their natural settings and other naturalistic scenes. He illustrated Henry Williamson's Tarka the Otter. His work was also used to illustrate Brooke Bond tea cards and as a result was seen by millions of young people in the United Kingdom during the 1950s and 1960s. He also illustrated a number of books, including the Ladybird Books. His work was characterised by its precision and accuracy, but also by the way in which he was able to portray birds as they were seen in nature rather than as stiff scientific studies.
  
  wn.com/Charles_Tunnicliffe
• Clive Woodward
  Sir Clive Ronald Woodward OBE (born 6 January 1956) is an English former rugby union player and coach. He was coach of the England team from 1997 to 2004, managing them to victory in the 2003 Rugby World Cup. He is currently the British Olympic Association's Director of Elite Performance.
  Woodward was born in Ely in Cambridgeshire, the son of an RAF pilot. He started school at Corstorphine in Edinburgh and was later sent to the school ship HMS Conway, as his father disapproved of his ambition to play professional football. At Conway, he played rugby union at centre alongside fly-half Iain Duncan Smith, who would later become leader of the Conservative Party. According to Woodward, he was not selected to play for the Welsh Schoolboys side, but he was good enough to play rugby union for a Welsh school.
  According to his autobiography, he applied to do a law degree at Durham University, but was turned down even though he was good enough and instead, he found a job at a London bank.^{[citation needed]}
  
  wn.com/Clive_Woodward
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  Cunedda
  Cunedda ap Edern, fl. 5th century; also known as Cunedda Wledig ("holder of lands"), was an important early Welsh leader, and the progenitor of the royal dynasty of Gwynedd.
  The name Cunedda derives from the Brythonic word kunodagos, meaning good hound. His genealogy is traced back to Padarn Beisrudd, which literally translates as Paternus of the Scarlet Robe. One traditional interpretation identifies Padarn as a Roman (or Romano-British) official of reasonably high rank who had been placed in command of Votadini troops stationed in the Clackmannanshire region of Scotland in the 380s or earlier by the Emperor Magnus Maximus. Alternatively, he may have been a frontier chieftain who was granted Roman military rank, a practice attested elsewhere along the empire's borders at the time. In all likelihood, Padarn's command in Scotland was assumed after his death by his son, Edern (Latin: Æturnus), and then passed to Edern's son, Cunedda.
  Cunedda and his forebears led the Votadini against Pictish and Irish incursions south of Hadrian's Wall. Sometime after this, the Votadini troops under Cunedda relocated to North Wales in order to defend the region from Irish invasion, specifically the Uí Liatháin, as mentioned in the Historia Brittonum. Cunedda established himself in Wales, in the territory of the Venedoti, which would become the centre of the kingdom of Gwynedd. Two explanations for these actions have been suggested: either Cunedda was acting under the orders of Maximus (or Maximus's successors) or Vortigern, the high king of the British in the immediate post-Roman era. The range of dates (suggested by Peter Bartrum) runs from the late 370s, which would favor Maximus, to the late 440s, which would favor Vortigern.
  
  wn.com/Cunedda
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  Dawn French
  Dawn Roma French (born 11 October 1957) is a Welsh-born British actress, writer and comedienne. She is best known for starring in and writing for the comedy sketch show French and Saunders with comedy partner Jennifer Saunders and also for playing the lead role of Geraldine Granger in the sitcom The Vicar of Dibley. She has been nominated for seven BAFTA Awards and also won a Fellowship BAFTA along with Saunders.
  French was born in Holyhead, Anglesey, Wales to English parents Denys Vernon French and Felicity "Roma" O'Brien of Irish origin from Plymouth. She was educated at the independent St Dunstan's Abbey School (now absorbed by Plymouth College) boarding school on North Road West in Plymouth, Devon, England. She has a brother, Gary French, who was born in 1955. Her father, Denys (5 August 1932 – 11 September 1977), was a member of the Royal Air Force, being stationed at RAF Valley. The RAF partly funded her private education. When her father was stationed at the former RAF Faldingworth, she attended Caistor Grammar School in Lincolnshire, boarding in the school's Lindsey house. She later won a debating scholarship that brought her to study at the Spence School in New York.
  
  wn.com/Dawn_French
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  Edward I of England
  Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (from Latin: Malleus Scottorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward left on a crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and he was crowned king at Westminster on 19 August.
  
  wn.com/Edward_I_of_England
• Eifion Jones
  William Eifion Jones (1925 - 2004) was a Welsh marine botanist, noted for his study of marine algae.
  He was born and brought up in Aberystwyth and studied botany at the University of Wales under Professor Lilly Newton.
  He moved to Bangor in 1953 to join the newly founded Marine Biology Station as a lecturer with Dr Denis Crisp, and completed his PhD in 1957.
  He retired early in 1986, but went on to lecture in Kuwait, returning to do part-time lecturing at the University of Wales, Bangor.
  He wrote A key to the Genera of the British Seaweeds (1962). It was most valuable as an update to Newton's Handbook of 1931 had become out-of-date and this was required to identify the genera of algae to be found on the shores of the British Isles.
  He joined the British Phycological Society [1] in 1955 and served as a Member of Council (1959 and 1974-1977), as Assistant Secretary (1959) and Hon. Treasurer (1964 - 1968). At the Eighth International Seaweed Symposium, held in Bangor in 1974, he was a member of the organizing committee and secretary. He was President of the North Wales Wildlife Trust and Bardsey Bird and Field Observatory.
  
  wn.com/Eifion_Jones
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  Elizabeth II
  Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states known as the Commonwealth realms, and head of the 54-member Commonwealth of Nations. She is also head of state of the Crown Dependencies.
  Elizabeth was born in London, and educated privately at home. Her father acceded to the throne as George VI in 1936 on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII. She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War, in which she served in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. On the death of her father in 1952, she became Head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan, and Ceylon. Her coronation service in 1953 was the first to be televised. Between 1956 and 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some realms became republics. Today, in addition to the first four aforementioned countries, Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
  
  wn.com/Elizabeth_II
• Gary Pritchard
  Gary Pritchard (born 1970) is a professional broadcaster and journalist. He currently reports on sport, especially football, in the Welsh language for the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation).
  Pritchard was born in Bangor, Wales, but lived in Liverpool during his very early years until moving back to North Wales when his father, a Policeman, took up a position on Anglesey. Pritchard was educated at Ysgol Gymraeg Morswyn primary school in Holyhead, and Ysgol Uwchradd Bodedern secondary school in Bodedern, both on Anglesey. After leaving school he studied to be an optician, a career he later pursued for seven years.
  Becoming a regular panelist on the football show Ar Y Marc on BBC Radio Cymru in 1997, Pritchard later joined the station as a researcher in 1999. He is currently based at the BBC offices in Bangor but travels around the world to report on sport, mainly for Radio Cymru andBBC Cymru'r Byd, the BBC's Welsh Language website. He contributes a column on football to the current affairs magazine Barn. Pritchard is married and the father of two young children. Pritchard is a fan of Wrexham A.F.C.
  
  wn.com/Gary_Pritchard
• George North
  George Philip North (born 13 April 1992 in King's Lynn) is a Wales international rugby union player currently playing for the Scarlets in the Pro12 league, in the position of winger.
  North was born in 1992 in King's Lynn, his mother is Welsh and from Anglesey, Wales, his father is English. His family moved to Hong Kong, on Royal Airforce duty, when he was 14 weeks old. The family returned to Anglesey on 13 January 1995 when he was aged two and he is a fluent Welsh language speaker. Educated at Llandovery College in West Wales, he played as a junior for Llangefni, Pwllheli, Rhyl and Gogledd Cymru under-16s.
  Up to the point of his international call-up, North had played six matches for the Scarlets first team, a record restricted by an injury.
  After an impressive start to the 2010 season, in October 2010, he was selected to the 33 man squad for the Autumn international series. On 11 November 2010 North was named in the Wales team to face South Africa on 13 November, making him the joint third youngest player to represent Wales behind Tom Prydie and Norman Biggs and equal to Evan Williams.
  
  wn.com/George_North
• Grace Coddington
  Grace Coddington (born April 14, 1941) is a former model and the creative director of American Vogue magazine.
  Coddington was born on April 14, 1941 to hotelier parents on the island of Anglesey, Wales. Her interest in fashion began in her teens, when she would anxiously await the arrival of a current issue of Vogue magazine, which was at least three months outdated due to the fact that she needed to order it on "Rush-Copy". She lived miles away from any designer shops, so Vogue was her only connection to the fashion world. She says that she loves "the whole sort of chic thing ("Italinate culture") [about Vogue] that was so entirely out of context compared to the lifestyle that [she] led". As a teen, she was pale-skinned and convent-educated and never went anywhere on her holidays, so she just looked at Vogue. Around the age of 17, there was a Vogue model competition, and someone submitted her pictures. She ended up winning the Young Model section. She then began her modeling career for Vogue.
  
  wn.com/Grace_Coddington
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  Gruff Rhys
  Gruffydd Maredudd Bowen Rhys (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡrɨ̞fɨ̞ð maˈrɛdɨ̞ð ˈbowɛn ˈr̥ɨːs]; born 18 July 1970 in Haverfordwest) is a Welsh musician, performing solo and with several bands, including Super Furry Animals who obtained mainstream success in the 1990s. He also most recently formed the electro-pop outfit Neon Neon with Boom Bip. Their album Stainless Style was nominated for the 2008 Nationwide Mercury Prize. He won the 2011 Welsh Music Prize for his album Hotel Shampoo.
  He was educated at Ysgol Dyffryn Ogwen, Bethesda, Gwynedd, North Wales and was awarded a degree in art at Manchester Metropolitan University.
  After playing drums for the band Emily, Gruff Rhys found fame in Wales as the front man of Ffa Coffi Pawb. Translated, the name means 'everyone's coffee beans', though if said quickly in Welsh, it can sound like 'fuck off everyone' in English and Welsh combined.
  On signing to Ankstmusik, Ffa Coffi Pawb became one of the leading bands on the Welsh music scene, and released three albums - Clymhalio, Dalec Peilon and Hei Vidal!'.
  
  wn.com/Gruff_Rhys
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  Henry Austin Dobson
  Henry Austin Dobson (18 January 1840 – 2 September 1921), commonly Austin Dobson, was an English poet and essayist.
  He was born at Plymouth, the eldest son of George Clarisse Dobson, a civil engineer, of French descent. When he was about eight, the family moved to Holyhead, and his first school was at Beaumaris in Anglesey. He was later educated at Coventry, and the Gymnase, Strasbourg. He returned at the age of sixteen with the intention of becoming a civil engineer. (His younger brother James would in fact become a noted engineer, helping complete the Buenos Aires harbour works in the 1880s and 1890s.) At the beginning of his career, he continued to study at the South Kensington School of Art, in his spare time, but without definite ambition. In December 1856 he entered the Board of Trade, gradually rising to the rank of principal in the harbour department, from which he retired in the autumn of 1901. In 1868, he had married Frances Mary, daughter of the distinguished civil engineer Nathaniel Beardmore (1816–1872) of Broxbourne, Hertfordshire, and settled at Ealing. He died in 1921 and is buried in the Westminster Cemetery, Uxbridge Rd, Hanwell, Middlesex.
  
  wn.com/Henry_Austin_Dobson
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  Hugh Griffith
  Hugh Emrys Griffith (30 May 1912 – 14 May 1980) was a Welsh film, stage and television actor.
  Griffith was born in Marianglas, Anglesey, Wales, the son of Mary and William Griffith. He was educated at Llangefni County School and attempted to gain entrance to university, but failed the English examination. He was then urged to make a career in banking, becoming a bank clerk and transferring to London to be closer to acting opportunities. Just as he was making progress and gained admission to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, he had to suspend his plans in order to serve in the British Army, serving for six years with the Royal Welsh Fusiliers in India and the Burma Campaign during World War II. He resumed his acting career in 1946.
  Between 1946 and 1976, Griffith won acclaim for many stage roles, in particular for his portrayals of Falstaff, Lear and Prospero. Griffith acted on both sides of the Atlantic, taking leading roles in London, New York and Stratford. In 1952 he starred in the Broadway adaption of Legend of Lovers, alongside fellow Welsh actor Richard Burton. In 1958 he was back in New York, this time taking a lead role in the opening production of Look Homeward, Angel alongside Anthony Perkins. Both he and Perkins were nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actor in a play for their roles.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_Griffith
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  Hugh Owen Thomas
  Hugh Owen Thomas (23 August 1834 – 1891) was a Welsh surgeon. He is considered the father of orthopaedic surgery in Britain.
  Hugh Owen Thomas descended from a young boy who had been shipwrecked in Anglesey in 1745. Given the name Evan Thomas by the family that adopted and raised him, he established a family tradition of bone-setting. Evan Thomas — the grandson of the original survivor, and Hugh’s father — had moved to Liverpool at the age of 19, where he set up a successful practice as bone-setter. Evan, however, was not a trained physician, and three times he was taken to court to defend his practice. Although he was never convicted, the constant jealousy and antagonism of the medical community was a great toll on him; at one point his cottage was even burnt down. As a result of this, he decided to send all his five sons to train and qualify as doctors.
  Hugh trained first with his uncle, Dr. Owen Roberts at St. Asaph in North Wales for four years, then he studied medicine at Edinburgh and University College, London. He qualified as MRCS in 1857. Returning to Liverpool, he first worked with his father, but incompatible temperaments did not allow this for long, so in 1859 he set up his own practice in the poorer part of town.
  
  wn.com/Hugh_Owen_Thomas
• Huw Garmon
  Huw Garmon (born 15 October 1966) is a Welsh actor, probably best known for playing the eponymous lead in the Oscar-nominated Welsh language film, Hedd Wyn (film) (1992).
  Born in Llangefni in Anglesey, Garmon is the son of the Welsh historian and novelist Richard Cyril Hughes. He obtained a degree in drama studies from Aberystwyth University. Although he is best known for Welsh language roles, he has also appeared on English language television, notably in Cadfael with Derek Jacobi.
  He was a regular in the S4C soap opera, Pobol y Cwm between 1997 and 2004, in the role of Steffan Humphries.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Huw_Garmon
• Hywel Gwynfryn
  Hywel Gwynfryn (born 13 July 1942) is a Welsh TV and radio personality, and lyricist.
  Gwynfryn was born in Llangefni, Anglesey. He was educated at Ysgol Gyfun Llangefni and the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.
  From October 1968, Gwynfryn fronted Helo Sut Dach Chi?, the first dedicated Welsh language pop programme on the radio. He has been with the Welsh-language radio station Radio Cymru since its inception, presenting shows such as Helo Bobol, Hywel a Nia, and presenting annually from the Eisteddfod.
  Alongside his radio career, Gwynfryn has also presented TV shows such as Heddiw and Rhaglen Hywel Gwynfryn.
  In his spare time, Gwynfryn has written four pantomimes, including Jiw Jiw Jeifin Jenkins, as well as writing a film for the Welsh-language TV station S4C.
  
  wn.com/Hywel_Gwynfryn
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  Iain Duncan Smith
  George Iain Duncan Smith (born 9 April 1954; often referred to by his initials "IDS") is a British Conservative politician. He is currently the Secretary of State for Work and Pensions and was previously leader of the Conservative Party from September 2001 to October 2003. He was first elected to parliament at the 1992 General Election as the MP for Chingford and has represented its successor constituency of Chingford and Woodford Green since the 1997 General Election.
  Duncan Smith was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and served in the Scots Guards from 1975 to 1981, with service in Northern Ireland and Rhodesia. He joined the Conservative Party in 1981, and was elected as a Member of Parliament in 1992. When William Hague resigned as Conservative Party leader in 2001, Duncan Smith won the subsequent leadership election, bolstered by the support of Margaret Thatcher and his Eurosceptic ideology. Duncan Smith was the first Roman Catholic to serve as Conservative Party leader, and the first born in Scotland since Arthur Balfour.
  
  wn.com/Iain_Duncan_Smith
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  Ieuan Wyn Jones
  Ieuan Wyn Jones, AM (born 22 May 1949) is a Welsh politician, who was the Deputy First Minister in the Welsh Assembly Government from 2007 until 2011. He is the current Member of the National Assembly for Wales for the Ynys Môn constituency and is the former leader of Plaid Cymru. On 3 May 2011 Jones announced he would be stepping down from his post as party leader, expected during the first half of the Assembly term 2011 to 2016. He was Member of the UK parliament for Ynys Môn constituency from 1987 to 2001. In 2007, Jones was named Wales' "Politician of the Year" by the BBC Wales am.pm programme.
  Ieuan Wyn Jones was born in Denbigh, Wales, and is a Welsh speaker. He has lived in both north and south Wales. Jones's early education was at Pontardawe Grammar School and at Ysgol y Berwyn in Bala, Gwynedd. Jones's brother Rhisiart said "The time we spent living in Garnswllt (between Ammanford, in Carmarthenshire, and Pontarddulais, in Swansea) was a very happy time for us as a family," adding "Many people think that Ieuan is just a 'gog' but parts of south Wales are very close to his heart."
  
  wn.com/Ieuan_Wyn_Jones
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  King Arthur
  King Arthur is a legendary British leader of the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.
  The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain). Some Welsh and Breton tales and poems relating the story of Arthur date from earlier than this work; in these works, Arthur appears either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies or as a magical figure of folklore, sometimes associated with the Welsh Otherworld, Annwn. How much of Geoffrey's Historia (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources, rather than invented by Geoffrey himself, is unknown.
  
  wn.com/King_Arthur
• Kyffin Williams
  Sir John "Kyffin" Williams, KBE, RA (9 May 1918 – 1 September 2006) was a Welsh landscape painter who lived at Pwllfanogl, Llanfairpwll on the Island of Anglesey. Williams is widely regarded as the defining artist of Wales during the 20th century.
  Williams was born in Llangefni, Anglesey into an old landed Anglesey family, and was educated at Moreton Hall School then Shrewsbury School before joining the 6th Battalion Royal Welch Fusiliers as a lieutenant in 1937. After he failed a British Army medical examination in 1941 (because of epilepsy), his doctor advised him to take up art for the sake of his health.
  Despite academic difficulties, Williams enrolled at London's Slade School of Fine Art in 1941 and taught art at Highgate School, London, where he was senior art master from 1944 until 1973. His pupils included the historian Sir Martin Gilbert, Royal Academicians Anthony Green and Patrick Procktor and composers John Tavener and John Rutter. In 1968 he won a scholarship (Winston Churchill Fellowship) to study and paint in Y Wladfa; the Welsh settlement in Patagonia.
  
  wn.com/Kyffin_Williams
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  Lemmy
  Ian Fraser "Lemmy" Kilmister (born on 24 December 1945 in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England) is an English heavy metal musician.
  He is best known as bassist, vocalist, songwriter and founding and sole constant member of the rock band Motörhead as well as a member of Hawkwind. His appearance, including his friendly mutton chops, prominent facial moles, and gravelly voice, has made him a cult icon.
  Lemmy was born on Christmas Eve in 1945 in Burslem, Stoke on Trent, England. When Lemmy was three months old, his father, an ex-Royal Air Force chaplain, separated from his mother. His mother and grandmother settled in Newcastle-under-Lyme, then moved on to Madeley, Staffordshire.
  When Lemmy was 10, his mother married George Willis, who already had two older children from a previous marriage, Patricia and Tony, with whom Lemmy did not get along. The family moved to a farm in Benllech, Anglesey, North Wales and it was during this time that he started to show an interest in rock and roll music, girls and horses. He attended Ysgol Syr Thomas Jones school in Amlwch, where he was nicknamed Lemmy, although he is unsure why and it would later be claimed that it originated from the phrase "lemmy a quid till Friday" because of his habit of borrowing money from people to feed his addiction to fruit machines (slot machines).
  
  wn.com/Lemmy
• Matthew Maynard
  Matthew Maynard (born Matthew Peter Maynard, 21 March 1966, Oldham, Lancashire, England) is an English former cricketer. He played in four Tests and fourteen ODIs for England.
  Maynard was a skilled batsman (and, later in his career, wicketkeeper) famed for his aggressive and dashing strokeplay. His sparkling first-class career with Glamorgan, which saw him achieve a batting average of 42.53, take 372 catches and make seven stumpings with the gloves, earned him several caps for England, but he was never able to translate his county form into Test level. He was named a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1998.
  Although born in Lancashire, Maynard was brought up on the island of Anglesey in north Wales where he first joined Glamorgan. His career started in fine fashion when he hit a century on his debut in 1985, hitting three consecutive sixes to reach the 100 and he became the youngest-ever player to score 1000 runs for the country in 1986. The 54 centuries he scored for Glamorgan during his playing career is also a record - the most any player has scored for the club. These displays of skill did not go unnoticed by the England selectors and he earned a call-up against the West Indies at The Oval in 1988. He was picked again in 1989 but then ran foul of the cricketing authorities by agreeing to go with Mike Gatting, on the controversial rebel tour of South Africa when that country had been banned from international sport because of its policy of apartheid. He later justified his decision by saying that he was desperate for a taste of international cricket having just been dropped from the England team. Nevertheless, his conduct lead to a three-year Test ban, but he was eventually granted a recall for The Ashes series in 1993 after he had hit a century for Glamorgan against the Australians, but he failed to make much of an impact with the bat.
  
  wn.com/Matthew_Maynard
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  Maurice Wilks
  Maurice Cary Ferdinand Wilks (1904—1963) was an automotive and aeronautical engineer, and by the time of his death in 1963, was the chairman of the Rover Company, a British car manufacturer. He was responsible for the inspiration and concept work that led to the development of the Land Rover off-road utility vehicle.
  Wilks was born on 19 August 1904 at Hayling Island, Hampshire, England and educated at Malvern College.
  In 1926 Wilks went to work for General Motors in the United States. After two years in the U.S., he returned to England to work for the Hillman Motor Car Company in Coventry.
  Wilks worked at Hillman for two years as a planning engineer until 1930, when he moved to the Rover Company as chief engineer, joining his brother, Spencer, who was managing director at Rover at that time. During World War II, Wilks led Rover's team developing Frank Whittle's gas turbine aircraft engines.
  Shortly after the war, whilst at his farm in Anglesey, Wilks, who used an army surplus Willys Jeep for farm work, and his brother Spencer who was visiting him, were inspired to develop and produce a utility four-wheel-drive vehicle for farmers, and the name Land Rover was coined for it.
  
  wn.com/Maurice_Wilks
• Meinir Gwilym
  Meinir Elin Gwilym (born 31 March 1983) is a Welsh-language pop and folk singer. Raised in Llangristiolus, Anglesey, she released her first EP, "Smôcs, Coffi a Fodca Rhad" (translates into English as "Smokes, Coffee and Cheap Vodka") in 2002. Her website claims that she is amongst the best-selling Welsh language musicians in history.
  Gwilym worked as a radio presenter on the afternoon request show for Radio Cymru, the BBC’s Welsh-language service, alongside Dylan Wyn. She now works on S4C's nightly magazine show 'Wedi 7', and presents weekend shows on Heart Cymru in Anglesey and Gwynedd.
  Meinir Gwilym was born in Wales in 1983, and educated at Ysgol Henblas in Llangristiolus, and later, Ysgol Gyfun in Llangefni. Gwilym comes from a musical family, with a grandfather who played the piano, her other grandfather who wrote lyrics, and a mother and sister who are fond of singing. She competed in the Urdd Eisteddfod as a child, and began writing songs around the age of fourteen.
  Meinir completed a degree in Welsh Literature and Philosophy in July 2004 at Bangor University. She had begun her degree at Cardiff University, but the last twelve months were completed at Bangor.
  
  wn.com/Meinir_Gwilym
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  Naomi Watts
  Naomi Ellen Watts (born 28 September 1968) is a British actress who began her career in Australian television, where she appeared in series such as Hey Dad..! (1990), Brides of Christ (1991), E Street (1991) and Home and Away (1991). Her film debut was the 1986 drama For Love Alone. Her following portrayals included roles in B-class movies, such as the 1996 horror film Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering, as well as roles in television and independent films.
  Watts gained critical acclaim following her work in David Lynch's 2001 psychological thriller Mulholland Drive, starring alongside Justin Theroux and Laura Harring. The next year, she received public recognition for her participation in the box office hit horror film The Ring. In 2004, she received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Actress as well as for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role for her portrayal of Cristina Peck in Alejandro González Iñárritu's 2003 drama 21 Grams, alongside Sean Penn. Other film roles include the 2005 remake of King Kong, the 2006 remake of The Painted Veil, the 2007 thriller Eastern Promises, and the 2009 thriller The International. In 2010, Watts portrayed Valerie Plame Wilson, opposite Sean Penn as Joe Wilson, in Fair Game.
  
  wn.com/Naomi_Watts
• 
  Normans
  The Normans (in French: Normands) were the people who gave their name to Normandy, a region in northern France. They were descended from Norse Viking conquerors of the territory and the native population of Frankish and Gallo-Roman stock. Their identity emerged initially in the first half of the 10th century, and gradually evolved over succeeding centuries.
  They played a major political, military, and cultural role in medieval Europe and even the Near East. They were famed for their martial spirit and eventually for their Christian piety. They quickly adopted the Romance language of the land they settled, their dialect becoming known as Norman or Norman-French, an important literary language. The Duchy of Normandy, which they formed by treaty with the French crown, was one of the great fiefs of medieval France. The Normans are famed both for their culture, such as their unique Romanesque architecture, and their musical traditions, as well as for their military accomplishments and innovations. Norman adventurers established a kingdom in Sicily and southern Italy by conquest, and a Norman expedition on behalf of their duke, William the Conqueror, led to the Norman Conquest of England. Norman influence spread from these new centres to the Crusader States in the Near East, to Scotland and Wales in Great Britain, and to Ireland.
  
  wn.com/Normans
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  Owain Gwynedd
  Owain Gwynedd ap Gruffydd (Middle Welsh: Owain Gwyned; c. 1100 – November 28, 1170), in English also known as Owen the Great, was King of Gwynedd from 1137 until his death in 1170. He is occasionally referred to as "Owain I of Gwynedd"; and as "Owain I of Wales" on account of his claim to be King of Wales. He is considered to be the most successful of all the north Welsh princes prior to his grandson, Llywelyn the Great. He was known as Owain Gwynedd to distinguish him from another contemporary Owain ap Gruffydd, ruler of part of Powys who was known as Owain Cyfeiliog. Owain Gwynedd was a member of the House of Aberffraw, a descendant of the senior branch from Rhodri Mawr.
  Owain's father, Gruffydd ap Cynan, was a strong and long-lived ruler who had made the principality of Gwynedd the most influential in Wales during the sixty-two years of his reign, using the island of Anglesey as his power base. His mother, Angharad ferch Owain, was the daughter of Owain ab Edwin. Owain was the second of three sons of Gruffydd and Angharad.
  
  wn.com/Owain_Gwynedd
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  Pliny the Elder
  Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – August 25, 79 AD), better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian. Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia, which became a model for all such works written subsequently. Pliny the Younger, his nephew, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus:
  Pliny is referring to the fact that Tacitus relied on his uncle's now missing work on the History of the German Wars. Pliny the Elder died on August 25, 79 AD, while attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius that had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The prevailing wind would not allow his ship to leave the shore. His companions attributed his collapse and death to toxic fumes; but they were unaffected by the fumes, suggesting natural causes.
  
  wn.com/Pliny_the_Elder
• Rex Whistler
  Reginald John 'Rex' Whistler (24 June 1905 – 18 July 1944) was a British artist, designer and illustrator.
  Rex Whistler was born in Eltham, Kent, the son of Henry and Helen Frances Mary Whistler. He was sent to board at Haileybury in May 1919 where he showed a precocious talent for art, providing set designs for play productions and giving away sketches to prefects in lieu of "dates" (a punishment at Haileybury, similar to "lines" whereby offenders are required to write out set lists of historical dates).
  After Haileybury the young Whistler was accepted at the Royal Academy but disliked the regime there and was "sacked for incompetence". He then proceeded to study at the Slade School of Art where he met The Honourable Stephen Tennant, soon to become one of his best friends and a model for some of the figures in his works. Through Tennant, he later met the poet Siegfried Sassoon and his wife Hester, to both of whom Whistler became very close.
  Upon leaving the Slade he burst into a dazzling career as a professional artist. His work encompassed all areas of art and design. From the West End theatre to book illustration (including works by Evelyn Waugh and Walter de la Mare, and perhaps most notably, for Gulliver's Travels) and mural and trompe l'oeil painting. Paintings at Port Lympne (now known as Port Lympne Wild Animal Park), Plas Newydd, Mottisfont Abbey and Dorneywood amongst others, show his outstanding talent in this genre. During his time at Plas Newydd he may well have become the lover of the daughter of the 6th Marquess of Anglesey, the owner of the house who had commissioned him to undertake the decorative scheme. Whistler and Lady Caroline Paget are known to have become very close friends and he painted numerous portraits of her, including a startling nude. Whether this painting was actually posed for or whether it was how Rex imagined her naked is a matter of debate.
  
  wn.com/Rex_Whistler
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  Robert Stephenson
  Robert Stephenson FRS (16 October 1803 – 12 October 1859) was an English civil engineer. He was the only son of George Stephenson, the famed locomotive builder and railway engineer; many of the achievements popularly credited to his father were actually the joint efforts of father and son.
  He was born on the 16th of October, 1803, at Willington Quay, east of Newcastle Upon Tyne, the only son of George Stephenson and his wife, Fanny. At the time, George and Fanny were living in a single room and George was working as a brakesman on a stationary colliery engine. In 1804, the family moved to a cottage in West Moor when George was made brakeman at West Moor Colliery. In 1805 Fanny gave birth to a daughter who died after a few weeks. The next year Robert’s mother died of consumption. George then went and worked in Scotland for a short time, leaving the infant Robert with a local woman. However, George soon returned to West Moor, and his sister Nelly came to live at the cottage to look after Robert.
  
  wn.com/Robert_Stephenson
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  Saxons
  The Saxons (Latin: Saxones, Old English: Seaxe, Old Saxon: Sahson, Low German: Sassen) were a confederation of Germanic tribes on the North German plain, who during the Middle Ages migrated to the British Isles and formed part of the Anglo-Saxons.
  The Saxons were originally Ingvaeonic tribes, whose earliest known area of settlement is Northern Albingia, an area approximately that of modern Holstein. This area overlapped the area of the Angles, a tribe with which they were frequently closely linked. Saxons participated in the Germanic settlement of Britain during and after the fifth century. It is unknown how many migrated from the continent to Britain, though estimates for the total number of Anglo-Saxon settlers are around two hundred thousand. During the Middle ages, because of international Hanseatic trading routes and contingent migration during the Middle Ages, Saxons mixed with and had strong influences upon the languages and cultures of the North Germanic and Baltic and Finnic peoples, and also upon the Polabian Slavs and Pomeranian West Slavic people.
  
  wn.com/Saxons
• Stu Allan
  Stu Allan is a British dance music DJ who worked for Piccadilly Radio and Key 103 in Manchester in the 1980s and 1990s. His hip-hop, house music and hardcore techno shows were a significant influence on the local music scene at that time. Stu Allan today is a major contributor to the UK hardcore scene.
  In 1982 Stu Allan took up DJing. Between 1984 and 1986 his mixes/remixes were featured on Piccadilly Radio, Manchester on various shows including Timmy Mallet, Chris Evans and Tim Grundy.
  In July 1986 he was given his own show on Piccadilly Radio. He was originally filling in for the regular DJ on a 6 week vacation, but the reaction was so great from listeners that he was signed on permanently. He began featuring Hip Hop and a new style of music called House. "Love Can't Turn Around" by Farley Jackmaster Funk was the first record Stu played on the radio. This track got the attention of the people in charge of the station and Allan was asked to explain why he was playing this "music". He said he believed this was what listeners really wanted to hear (having seen clubbers going wild to tunes like "Jack Your Body", "Jack The Groove" and many other underground Chicago label tunes at his gigs), and convinced them that his choice of music was right when the station's ratings improved massively. During this period Stu produced a soul show called "Souled Out" and a hip hop show called "Bus 'Diss". He would also have a house hour which would feature the seamless mixing he is known for.
  
  wn.com/Stu_Allan
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  Super Furry Animals
  Super Furry Animals are a Welsh rock band that lean towards psychedelic rock and electronic experimentation. Since their formation in Cardiff, Wales in 1993, the band has consisted of Gruff Rhys (lead vocals, guitar), Huw Bunford (lead guitar, vocals), Guto Pryce (bass guitar), Cian Ciaran (keyboards, synthesisers, various electronics, occasional guitar, vocals) and Dafydd Ieuan (drums, vocals). Actor Rhys Ifans is also a former member. The band are part of the Cardiff music scene.
  The band formed in Cardiff after being in various other Welsh bands and techno outfits in the area. Ifans, Ieuan and Pryce had been together since the early 1990s and had toured the north coast of France as a techno group. After Bunford and Ciaran (the latter Ieuan's younger brother) joined, they wrote some songs, and in 1995 signed to Ankst, the Welsh indie label. The band are considered to be part of the renaissance of Welsh music (and art, and literature) in the 1990s: other Welsh bands of the time include the Manic Street Preachers, Catatonia, and Gorky's Zygotic Mynci.
  
  wn.com/Super_Furry_Animals
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  Tacitus
  Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (AD 56 – AD 117) was a senator and a historian of the Roman Empire. The surviving portions of his two major works—the Annals and the Histories—examine the reigns of the Roman Emperors Tiberius, Claudius, Nero and those who reigned in the Year of the Four Emperors. These two works span the history of the Roman Empire from the death of Augustus in AD 14 to (presumably) the death of emperor Domitian in AD 96. There are substantial lacunae in the surviving texts, including one four books long in the Annals.
  Other writings by him discuss oratory (in dialogue format, see Dialogus de oratoribus), Germania (in De origine et situ Germanorum), and the life of his father-in-law Agricola, mainly focusing on his campaign in Britannia (see De vita et moribus Iulii Agricolae).
  Tacitus is considered to be one of the greatest Roman historians. He lived in what has been called the Silver Age of Latin literature, and as well as the brevity and compactness of his Latin prose, he is known for his penetrating insights into the psychology of power politics.
  
  wn.com/Tacitus
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  Thomas Telford
  Thomas Telford FRS, FRSE (1757–1834) was a Scottish civil engineer, architect and stonemason, and a noted road, bridge and canal builder.
  Telford was born on 9 August 1757 at Glendinning, a hill farm 3 miles west of Eskdalemuir Kirk, in the rural parish of Westerkirk, in Eskdale, Dumfriesshire. His father John Telford, a shepherd, died soon after Thomas was born. Thomas was raised in poverty by his mother Janet Jackson (d.1794).
  At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a stonemason, and some of his earliest work can still be seen on the bridge across the River Esk in Langholm in the Scottish borders. He worked for a time in Edinburgh and in 1782 he moved to London where (after meeting architects Robert Adam and Sir William Chambers) he was involved in building additions to Somerset House there. Two years later he found work at Portsmouth dockyard and — although still largely self-taught — was extending his talents to the specification, design and management of building projects.
  In 1787, through his wealthy patron William Pulteney, he became Surveyor of Public Works in Shropshire. Civil engineering was a discipline still in its infancy, so Telford was set on establishing himself as an architect. His projects included renovation of Shrewsbury Castle, the town's prison (during the planning of which he met leading prison reformer John Howard), the Church of St. Mary Magdalene, Bridgnorth and another church in Madeley. (Called in to advise on a leaking roof at St Chad's Church Shrewsbury in 1788, he correctly warned the church was in imminent danger of collapse; his reputation was made locally when it collapsed 3 days later, but he was not the architect for its replacement).
  
  wn.com/Thomas_Telford
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  Wayne Hennessey
  Wayne Robert Hennessey (born 24 January 1987) is a Welsh international footballer who plays for Championship club Wolverhampton Wanderers as a goalkeeper.
  Hennessey, born in Bangor, Gwynedd, and raised in Beaumaris, Anglesey, was educated at Ysgol David Hughes but switched to Connah's Quay High School as it was easier to travel to Manchester. Hennessey began as a trainee at Manchester City but was released in 2003, whereupon he joined the youth academy at Wolverhampton Wanderers. After progressing through the ranks, he signed professional forms in April 2005.
  After remaining in Wolves' reserve and youth teams during the 2005–06 season, Hennessey was sent on trial with Bristol City in July 2006 with a view to a loan move to gain first team experience but was recalled to Wolves after an injury to their first-choice goalkeeper Matt Murray. He did go back to Bristol City in August 2006, however, on a one month loan deal, but he didn't make an appearance and returned to his parent club early due to an arm injury.
  
  wn.com/Wayne_Hennessey
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  Wildlife
  Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative.
  Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, forests, rain forests, plains, grasslands, and other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human factors, most scientists agree that wildlife around the world is impacted by human activities.
  Humans have historically tended to separate civilization from wildlife in a number of ways including the legal, social, and moral sense. This has been a reason for debate throughout recorded history. Religions have often declared certain animals to be sacred, and in modern times concern for the natural environment has provoked activists to protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment. Literature has also made use of the traditional human separation from wildlife.
  
  wn.com/Wildlife