- published: 30 Oct 2010
- views: 1297620
- author: ToReEnT
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- Adalbert Johanny
- Aleš Zedník
- Alois Anderka
- Amber Road
- Andreas Dombrowski
- Anton Lux
- Antonín Dvořák
- Arcelor Mittal
- Artur London
- Bażanowice
- Bedřich Lipina
- Bielowicko
- Bielsko-Biała
- Biery
- Bituminous coal
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- Bocanovice
- Bohumín
- Brenna, Poland
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- Bładnice
- Castle
- Chotěbuz
- Chybie
- Cieszyn
- Cieszyn Silesia
- Cisownica
- Climate
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- Colours of Ostrava
- Communism
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- Coventry
- Croatia
- Czech Extraliga
- Czech language
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- Dieter F. Uchtdorf
- Dobratice
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- Dolní Tošanovice
- Donetsk
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- Hermann Zwierzina
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- Hradec Králové
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- Ivan Lendl
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Bażanowice
Bażanowice is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, close to the border with the Czech Republic. It has a population of about 1,100. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1523.
In 1930 a dairy was founded in the village, it operates to date producing emmentaler and other milk products. There is a church of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in the village. It was built in 1981 by Stanisław Kwaśniewicz.
Paweł Stalmach, Polish journalist and Protestant activist was born here.
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Bielowicko
Bielowicko [bjɛlɔˈvit͡skɔ] is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 582 (2009). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1233.
There is a wooden Saint Lawrence Church in the village, it was built in the 17th century.
Coordinates: 49°49′5.9″N 18°51′23.93″E / 49.818306°N 18.8566472°E / 49.818306; 18.8566472
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Biery
Biery [ˈbjɛrɨ] (German: Bierau) is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 1,233 (2009). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
There is a Catholic Heart of Jesus church in the village.
Inventor Józef Bożek was born here in 1782.
wn.com/Biery -
Bocanovice
Bocanovice (help·info) (Polish: Boconowice (info)) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has 428 inhabitants (2001 census), 30.9% of the population are the Poles and 80.8% are Roman Catholics.
It is situated on the foothills of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Lomná River flows through the village.
Coordinates: 49°33′52″N 18°43′40″E / 49.56444°N 18.72778°E / 49.56444; 18.72778
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Bohumín
Bohumín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈboɦumiːn] (
listen); Polish: Bogumin (info), German: Oderberg) is a town in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic on the border with Poland. The confluence of the Oder (Odra) and Olza Rivers is situated just north of the town. The town lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Bohumín consists of Old Bohumín and industrial New Bohumín, while several villages are administratively part of the town. The majority of citizens are Czech; many citizens have Polish ancestry, although the Polish minority in Bohumín is small. Before World War II, the town was inhabited by a large German community, nowadays the city is known as one of the largest community of Romani People in the Czech republic.
The town was first mentioned in a written document in 1256 as Bogun (today's Old Bohumín). Historical documents regarding the first centuries of the town are scarce. King Louis II granted the town and château of Bohumín to George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach in 1523. The town began to develop during rule by the House of Hohenzollern, although further development of Bogumin was halted by frequent epidemics of bubonic plague and floodings of the Olza. It was officially known in German as Oderberg, and by the end of the 16th century the majority of citizens followed Protestantism. The successor after the Hohenzollerns in 1620 was Lazar Henckel, whose family of bankers and entrepreneurs hailed from Habsburg-ruled Hungary. In 1624 only 138 permanent residents lived in the town. After defeating Maria Theresa of Austria during the Silesian Wars, King Frederick II of Prussia annexed most of Silesia, although Oderberg remained in Austrian Silesia. The town successively became part of the Austrian Empire (1804) and Austria-Hungary (1867).
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Brno
Brno (Czech pronunciation: [ˈbr̩no] (
listen); German: Brünn; Latin: Bruna; Yiddish: ברין Brin) by population and area is the second largest city in the Czech Republic, the largest Moravian city, and the historical capital city of the Margraviate of Moravia. Brno is the administrative centre of the South Moravian Region where it forms a separate district Brno-City District. The city lies at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers and has about 400,000 residents, its greater metropolitan area is regularly home to more than 800,000 people while its larger urban zone had population about 730,000 in 2004.
Brno is the capital of judicial authority of the Czech republic because it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, the Supreme Administrative Court, and the Supreme Prosecutor's Office. Beside that, the city is a significant administrative centre. It is the seat of a number of state authorities like Ombudsman, Office for the Protection of Competition and the Czech Agriculture and Food Inspection Authority. Brno is also an important centre of higher education, with 33 faculties of 13 institutes of higher learning and about 89,000 students. There is also a studio of Czech Television and the Czech Radio, in both cases by law. The city is also home to Brno Television, a small local television station.
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Bruzovice
Bruzovice (German: Brusowitz, Polish: Bruzowice) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 729 (2006) and lies in the historical region of Těšín Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°43′29″N 18°24′18″E / 49.72472°N 18.405°E / 49.72472; 18.405
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Bładnice
Bładnice is a village in Gmina Skoczów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
There is a Lutheran parish church in the village.
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Chotěbuz
Chotěbuz (help·info) (Polish: Kocobędz (info), German: Kotzobendz) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It lies on the border with Poland, on the left bank of the Olza River, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It has 1,033 inhabitants (2001 census), 21.3% of the population are the Poles.
The village is one of the oldest in Cieszyn Silesia, it was mentioned for the first time in a written document in 1229 as Koczobontz. It was then a property of Benedictine monastery in Orłowa. However, there was a fortified settlement (gród) of the Golensizi tribe in this place called Cieszynisko (or Old Cieszyn). It was an important center since the 8th century. After decline of the settlement at the beginning of the 12th century, it was relocated to Wzgórze Zamkowe (castle hill) in Cieszyn. Near the old place a new settlement was created, Podobora. It is today an archaeological site and was partly rebuilt to form archeopark which is possible to visit.
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Chybie
Chybie (help·info) is a village and the seat of Gmina Chybie in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 3,744 (2008) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
A sugar mill was established in the village in 1884, defunct since 2009.
Polish actor Henryk Machalica was born in the village.
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Cieszyn
Cieszyn [ˈt͡ɕɛʂɨn] ( listen) (Czech: Těšín, German: Teschen) is a border-town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has 36,109 inhabitants (2004). Cieszyn lies on the Olza River, a tributary of the Oder river, opposite Český Těšín.
It is situated in the heart of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Until the end of World War I in 1918 it was a seat of the Duchy of Teschen. In 1920 Cieszyn Silesia was divided between the two newly created states of Poland and Czechoslovakia, with the smaller western suburbs of Teschen becoming part of Czechoslovakia as a new town called Český Těšín. The larger part of the town joined Poland as Cieszyn.
The town combines both Polish and Austrian peculiarities in the style of its buildings. Because of several major fires and subsequent reconstructions (the last one in the late 18th century), the picturesque old town is sometimes called Little Vienna. The only relic of the ancient castle is a square tower, dating from the 12th century and 10th century romanesque chapel.
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Cisownica
Cisownica is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, close to the border with the Czech Republic. In 2008 it had a population of 1,705. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia on the slopes of Mała Czantoria mountain.
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1305. The name of the village is derived from the taxus trees ("cis" in Polish) which grew here in the past in large numbers.
In the 18th and 19th centuries siderite was mined here., the last mine closed in 1870.
In 1981, and Evangelical-Augsburg Church was built in the village. Cisownica in recent years has become a popular tourist destination, due to its vicinity to the Silesian Beskids mountain range.
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Coventry
Coventry (
i/ˈkɒvəntri/) is a city and metropolitan borough in the county of West Midlands in England. Coventry is the 9th largest city in England and the 11th largest in the United Kingdom. It is also the second largest city in the English Midlands, after Birmingham, with a population of 300,848, although Stoke-on-Trent, Leicester and Nottingham have larger urban areas. The population of Coventry had risen to 315,800 as of 2010, according to the Office of National Statistics.
Historically within Warwickshire, Coventry is situated 95 miles (153 km) northwest of central London and 19 miles (31 km) east-southeast of Birmingham, and is further from the coast than any other city in Britain. Although harbouring a population of almost a third of a million inhabitants, Coventry is not amongst the English Core Cities Group due to its proximity to Birmingham.
Coventry was the world's first twin city when it formed a twinning relationship with the Russian city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) during World War II. The relationship developed through ordinary people in Coventry who wanted to show their support for the Soviet Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad. The city is now also twinned with Dresden, Lidice and 23 other cities around the world.
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Croatia
Croatia (i/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (i/ˈtʃɛk/ CHEK;Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] ( listen), short form Česko Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskɔ]) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the north, Germany to the west, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. Its capital and largest city, with 1.3 million inhabitants, is Prague.
It is a pluralist multi-party parliamentary representative democracy, a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the OSCE, the Council of Europe and the Visegrád Group.
The Czech state, formerly known as Bohemia, was formed in the late 9th century as a small duchy around Prague, at that time under dominance of the powerful Great Moravian Empire (which reached its greatest territorial extent during the reign of Svatopluk I from the House of Mojmír). After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power was transferred from Moravia to Bohemia, under the Přemyslids. During the rule of Přemyslid dukes/kings and their successors, the Luxembourgs, the country reached its greatest territorial extent (13th–14th century). Life in the country was significantly affected by the Hussite wars, during which it faced economic embargo and crusades from all over Europe. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy as one of its three principal parts alongside the Archduchy of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Bohemian Revolt (1618–20) led to the further centralization of the monarchy including forced recatholization and Germanization. During radical reforms in the 18th century the Bohemian Crown was even de facto abolished (1749). In the 19th century the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia which was formed in 1918, following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian empire after World War I.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945, the state did not de facto exist because of its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czechoslovak government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this period. In 1945, the eastern part of Carpathian Ruthenia was taken over by the Soviet Union. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Form of state:
Neighbours:
Topography:
The country was of generally irregular terrain. The western area was part of north-central European uplands. The eastern region was composed of northern reaches of Carpathian Mountains and Danube River basin lands.
Climate:
The weather was predominantly continental, but varied from the moderate temperature of Western Europe in the west, to more severe weather of Eastern Europe and the western Soviet Union in the east.
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Dobratice
Dobratice (German: Dobratitz, Polish: Dobracice) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,032 (2006). The village lies in the historical region of Těšín Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°39′51″N 18°29′7″E / 49.66417°N 18.48528°E / 49.66417; 18.48528
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Dolní Domaslavice
Dolní Domaslavice (Polish: Domasłowice Dolne, German: Nieder Domaslowitz) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. In 2006, it had a population of 1,055. It lies on the shore of Žermanice Dam, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°42′57″N 18°29′14″E / 49.71583°N 18.48722°E / 49.71583; 18.48722
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Dolní Lomná
Dolní Lomná (help·info) (Polish: Łomna Dolna (info), Cieszyn Silesian: Dolno Łómna (info) or Dolno Łómno (info), German: Nieder Lomna) is a village in Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, close to the borders with Poland and Slovakia. It has a population of 867 (2001 census), 31% of the population are the Poles and 72% are Roman Catholics. It is situated in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Lomná River flows through the village.
Wooden house
Czech elementary school
Municipal office and post office
Monument dedicated to local victims of World War I.
Coordinates: 49°32′35″N 18°42′22″E / 49.54306°N 18.70611°E / 49.54306; 18.70611
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Dolní Lutyně
Dolní Lutyně (help·info), (German: Deutsch Leuten or Nieder Leuten, Polish: Lutynia Dolna (info)) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, near the border with Poland, south of the Olza River. Village of Věřňovice (Wierzniowice) is administratively a part of Dolní Lutyně. The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Village was first mentioned in a written document in 1305. Since 1700 it was a property of Taafe counts who built there a baroque château as their summer residence. Object currently has no architectonical value and serves as an apartment building. At the end of the 19th century coal boom affected Cieszyn Silesia and industrialization rapidly grew. This had also impact on the village, demographically and economically.
Notable landmarks include Catholic baroque John the Baptist church from 1746, old apothecary shop built around 1900 and the Polish school.
Part of the Olza River with its alluvium and surroundings from Dětmarovice to Bohumín (especially in Věřňovice) is an environment with fragile nature balance. In otherwise industrialized and densely populated area it is quite special, and hence is protected.
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Dolní Tošanovice
Dolní Tošanovice (Polish: Toszonowice Dolne) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 309 (2006). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°40′54″N 18°29′45″E / 49.68167°N 18.49583°E / 49.68167; 18.49583
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Donetsk
Donetsk (Ukrainian: Донецьк Ukrainian pronunciation: [doˈnɛt͡sʲk], translit. Donets’k; Russian: Доне́цк, translit. Donetsk; former names: Yuzovka, Staline, Stalino, see also: Cities' alternative names), is a large city in eastern Ukraine on the Kalmius river. Administratively, it is a center of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the larger economic and cultural Donets Basin (Donbass) region. Donetsk is a major economic, industrial and scientific center of Ukraine with a high concentration of companies and a skilled workforce.
The city was founded in 1869 by a Welsh businessman, John Hughes, who constructed a steel plant and several coal mines in the region; the town was thus named Yuzovka (Юзовка) in recognition of his role in its founding ("Yuz" being a Russian or Ukrainian approximation of Hughes). During Soviet times, the city's steel industry was expanded. In 1924–1931, the town was renamed in Stalino (Сталино). In 1932 the city became the center of Donetsk region. Today, the city remains the center for Ukraine's coal mining and notable steel industry center.
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Doubrava
Doubrava (help·info) (1920-1924: Dombrová) (Polish: Dąbrowa (info), German: Dombrau) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,507 (2006) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
The name of the village comes from the Slavic for "oak" (Polish: dąb, Czech: dub) and means "oak forest".
It is not clear when the village was founded. It first appears in a written document in 1229. During the Middle Ages the village changed hands often. From 1746 to 1901 it belonged to the Mattencloit family, who in 1901 sold it to a member of the Viennese banking family the Rothschilds.
An important milestone in the history of the village was the discovery of coal in 1822. The digging of small coal mines began, most of which were later abandoned. In 1854–1855 two mines were dug, christened Eleonora and Bettina. The majority of the local population worked in the coal mining industry. The local coal mines were later consolidated into a joint venture, Důl Doubrava (Doubrava Coal Mine). Tower of Bettina coal mine was detonated on 23 October 2006, tower of Eleonora coal mine was detonated on 2 November 2007.
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Drogomyśl
Drogomyśl [drɔˈɡɔmɨɕl] (German: Drahomischl, Czech: Drahomyšl) is a village in Gmina Strumień, Cieszyn County, in the Silesian Voivodeship of southern Poland. It has a population of 2,121 (2008) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on the Vistula River.
The village was first mentioned in a written document in 1452. In 1737 it was bought by Kalisch family. In the years 1788-1897 Lutheran church was built here, as one of the last in Cieszyn Silesia after 1782 Edict of Tolerance was issued and before Spring of Nations. The Catholic Our Lady of Częstochowa Church was built in 1969.
In the western part of the sołectwo is located Knaj, formerly a separate village.
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Dzięgielów
Dzięgielów (German: Dzingelau) is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It has a population of about 1,300 and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1305. There is a 15th century château in the village.
Dzięgielów is one of the most Protestant municipalities of Cieszyn Silesia. Centre for mission and evangelization of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church is located here. Every year evangelization week occurs on the football field.
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Dětmarovice
Dětmarovice (help·info) (Polish: Dziećmorowice (info), German: Dittmarsdorf) is a village in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the Olza River. It lies near the border with Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Near the right bank of the Olza lies a complex of 15 ponds.
The village was first mentioned in a written document in 1305; at that time it was owned by the Dukes of Cieszyn. The village was bought in 1792 by Jan Larisch who joined it with its Karwin properties. It was owned by the Larisch family until 1927.
After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became part of Czechoslovakia as Dětmarovice. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938, Dětmarovice and the whole Zaolzie region were annexed by Poland. The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
Historical landmarks include the Nebroj chapel from around 1860 and a Catholic Mary Magdalene Church built in 1869-1870 in Neo-Romanesque style.
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Frelichów
Frelichów [frɛˈlixuf] (German: Fröhlichhof) is a village in Gmina Chybie, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 600 (2008). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
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General Government
The General Government (German: Generalgouvernement, Polish: Generalne Gubernatorstwo, Ukrainian: Генеральна губернія) was an area of Second Republic of Poland under Nazi German rule during World War II; designated as a separate region of the Third Reich (Großdeutsches Reich) between 1939–1945. Following Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, the former Polish eastern voivodeships (districts) of Kresy (earlier invaded by the Red Army in Nazi–Soviet pact) were added to the General Government by a decree issued by Adolf Hitler.
In terms of international and civil law, all of these acts were illegal from their inception, according to section III of the Fourth Hague Convention (1907) accepted by Germany. The area was not a puppet state; its rulers had no goal of collaborating with Poles throughout the war, regardless of their political orientation. The Nazi authorities made a determined effort to avoid even mentioning the name "Poland" in government correspondence. The only exception to this were the German-backed banknotes and coins (called 'zloty' and 'grosz') printed in 1940 in which the word was used for propaganda purposes. The government and administration of the General Government was composed entirely of Germans, with the intent that the area was eventually to become an ethnic German province. According to Heim ins Reich initiative the only locals remaining were to be those of German descent.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Goleszów
Goleszów [ɡɔˈlɛʂuf] (German: Golleschau) is a village and the seat of Gmina Goleszów (an administrative district) in Cieszyn County in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of about 4,000. Goleszów lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1223, and in 1293 a stone church was built there. Goleszów became an important railway junction and during World War II a subcamp of Auschwitz concentration camp operated there.
Goleszów also has a small ski jumping complex belonging to the club Olimpia Goleszów.
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Greece
Greecei/ˈɡriːs/ (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, IPA: [eˈlaða] ( listen) historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellas, IPA: [eˈlas] and [helːás] respectively), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country is around 11 million.
Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).
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Gumna
Gumna [ˈɡumna] is a village in Gmina Dębowiec, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 414 (2004). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1523.
Coordinates: 49°46′24.31″N 18°41′26.02″E / 49.7734194°N 18.6905611°E / 49.7734194; 18.6905611
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Górki Wielkie
Górki Wielkie [ˈɡurki ˈvjɛlkʲɛ] ( listen) is a village in Gmina Brenna, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 3554 (2008). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305.
Polish writer Zofia Kossak-Szczucka lived here from 1924 and is buried here. There is also a museum dedicated to her in Górki Wielkie.
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Havířov
Havířov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɦaviːr̝of] ( listen); Polish: Hawierzów (info), Cieszyn Silesian: Hawiyrzów (info)) is a city in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has 82,768 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the region. It is the largest town in the country without a university. Havířov lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Havířov was founded after World War II (thus being the youngest city in today's Czech Republic) as a coal mining town. Havířov officially became a town in 1955. It was built on top of several villages with significant Polish populations. The local people were given apartments in the newly built city, and most of their old houses were demolished to make room for new urban buildings. The majority of the population of Havířov immigrated from other parts of Czechoslovakia, many of them from Slovakia, as migrant workers, thus substantially altering the ethnic structure of the area. Today, the original villages are administratively part of the city and mostly lie on the outskirts of urban Havířov.
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Hażlach
Hażlach [ˈxaʐlax] (German: Haslach) is a village and the seat of Gmina Hażlach in Cieszyn County in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 2,221 (2008). Hażlach lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305 as Haslach.
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Hnojník
Hnojník (help·info) (Polish: Gnojnik (info), German: Hnoynik, Gnoynik) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the Stonávka River. It has a population of 1,446 (2001 census); 11.5% of the population are Poles.
The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305 as Gnoynik. Since the 15th century, it was owned by several noble families. In 1736, the village was bought by Karl Beess. The Beess family was the last feudal owner of the Hnojník manor. The local population worked mostly as peasants on the properties of the Beess family. Several mills operated in the village. The Beess family established a brewery, distillery and a brickworks. In 1917, Teschen-based Jewish businessman Ignaz Schmelz established a steam-powered sawmill; in 1923, it burnt down and was rebuilt only to be closed soon after.
After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became part of Czechoslovakia as Hnojník. At the beginning of July 1930, the village was visited by Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia who then travelled across the Czechoslovak part of Cieszyn Silesia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938, Hnojník and the whole Zaolzie region were annexed by Poland. The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war, it was restored to Czechoslovakia. The Beess family property was confiscated in November 1945. In 1946, Baron Georg Beess, the last noble from the Beess family to own properties in Hnojník, was expelled from the country and was deprived of his property according to the Beneš decrees affecting the Germans in Czechoslovakia. The mayor of Hnojník refused to sign the decree to expel Georg Beess, nevertheless he was expelled to Germany where he died in 1955.
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Horní Bludovice
Horní Bludovice (Polish: Błędowice Górne, German: Ober Bludowitz) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,564 (2001 census). Lučina River flows through the village. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°44′42″N 18°26′13″E / 49.745°N 18.43694°E / 49.745; 18.43694
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Horní Domaslavice
Horní Domaslavice (Polish: Domasłowice Górne) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 650 (2008). The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°41′42″N 18°27′48″E / 49.695°N 18.46333°E / 49.695; 18.46333
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Horní Lomná
Horní Lomná (help·info) (Polish: Łomna Górna (info), Cieszyn Silesian: Górno Łómna (info) or Górno Łómno (info)) is a village in Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, close to the borders with Poland and Slovakia. It has 394 inhabitants (2001 census), 28.5% of the population are ethnic Poles and 83.7% are Roman Catholics. The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It is situated on the foothills of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range. Lomná River flows through the village.
Coordinates: 49°31′31″N 18°38′16″E / 49.52528°N 18.63778°E / 49.52528; 18.63778
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Horní Suchá
Horní Suchá (help·info) (Polish: Sucha Górna (info), Cieszyn Silesian: Górno Sucho (info), German: Ober Suchau) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has 4,503 inhabitants (2006), Poles form 23.2% of the population.
Village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305. There is a Catholic Saint Joseph Church in the village. It was built as a chapel in 1835, expanded in 1865 and reconstructed in 1891.
Horní Suchá is twinned with:
Coordinates: 49°47′51″N 18°29′7″E / 49.7975°N 18.48528°E / 49.7975; 18.48528
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Horní Tošanovice
Horní Tošanovice (Polish: Toszonowice Górne) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 497 (2006). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°41′2″N 18°30′53″E / 49.68389°N 18.51472°E / 49.68389; 18.51472
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Hrčava
Hrčava (help·info) (Polish: Herczawa (info), German: Hertschawa) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has 255 inhabitants (2006). It is the second easternmost village of the country (after Bukovec), lying near the borders with Poland and Slovakia. In 2001 census six people (2% of the inhabitants) declared Polish nationality and 96.7% declared Roman Catholic faith.
It is situated on the foothills of the Silesian Beskids mountain range, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°31′30″N 18°50′4″E / 49.525°N 18.83444°E / 49.525; 18.83444
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Hungary
Hungaryi/ˈhʌŋɡəri/ (Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] ( listen)) is a country, which is located in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The country's capital, and largest city, is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, also known as Magyar, which is part of the Finno-Ugric group and is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.
Following a Celt (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (AD 9 - c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian prince Árpád, whose great-grandson Saint Stephen I was crowned with a crown sent by the pope from Rome in 1000 AD. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centres of the Western world. After about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541–1699), Hungary was integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituted half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy (1867–1918).
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Iskrzyczyn
Iskrzyczyn [isˈkʂɨt͡ʂɨn] is a village in Gmina Dębowiec, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 4.65 square kilometres (1.80 sq mi) and a population of 632 (2005).
The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on one of hills of Silesian Foothills, called Górka Tarnawa, which height is 373 meters above mean sea level.
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1223 as Ischrichino. In 1453 it was bought by a Tschammer noble family.
The first school in Iskrzyczyn was opened in 1898.
According to the Austrian census of 1910 the village had 430 inhabitants. The census asked people their native language, and results show that all of them were Polish-speaking. The dominant religious groups were Roman Catholics with 278 (64.7%), followed by Protestants with 152 (35.3%).
After World War I the village became a subject of the Polish–Czechoslovak border conflicts as part of Cieszyn Silesia. Eventually the village became part of the Second Polish Republic in 1920.
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Istebna
Istebna (help·info) is a large village and the seat of Gmina Istebna, Cieszyn County in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. The village is situated in the Silesian Beskids mountain range, near to the borders with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Olza River flows through the village.
There is a Catholic Good Shepherd Church church in the village, built in 1794 from previous wooden one.
Interior of the Catholic Good Shepherd Church
Building in Upper Silesian Ethnographic Park
Para góralska z Istebnej, by Henryk Jastrzembski, (1846)
Coordinates: 49°33′50.75″N 18°53′35.82″E / 49.5640972°N 18.8932833°E / 49.5640972; 18.8932833
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Jablunkov
Jablunkov (Czech pronunciation: [ˈjabluŋkof] ( listen); Polish: Jabłonków (info), German: Jablunkau) is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 5,750 (2006), 23% of the population are Poles. Jablunkov lies between the Silesian and Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain ranges, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, and is the easternmost town of the country. The Lomná River flows into the Olza River in the town.
According to historians, the beginnings of Jablunkov are to be found in the place where the present-day village of Hrádek is located. It was first mentioned in a written document in 1435. In 1447 Magyars completely destroyed the settlement. In 1560 Wacław III, Duke of Cieszyn, granted town rights to the town. It continuously developed and by the end of the 16th century it had a mayor and a city council. The town profited from its location in the Jablunkov Pass. It was located on an ancient trade route going from the Mediterranean Sea to the Baltic Sea. The route was used by merchants of ancient Rome; frequent discoveries of Roman coins confirm that. Important trading routes to Kraków (north) and to Upper Hungary (east) also run through the town. It became more and more important and also rich, as many citizens lived by trading. In the middle of the 17th century, it had, together with a suburb and a village of Pioseczna, 750 inhabitants. In the 18th century most of citizens worked in trade, craftsmanship and farming. At the end of the 19th century, many new buildings were built. A new Art Nouveau town hall was built in 1905. After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920 it became a part of Czechoslovakia. In October 1938 it was annexed by Poland together with whole region known as Zaolzie, and during World War II was a part of Nazi Germany. After the war it once again became part of Czechoslovakia.
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Janovice
Janovice (Polish: Janowice) is a village situated in the foothills of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range, 6 km south-east from the town Frýdek-Místek and 5 km north-east from Frýdlant nad Ostravicí, Czech Republic.
Thanks to the geographical location of the village among the nearby industrial region of Ostrava and the traditional agricultural area of the Beskids, Janovice can be called "the gate to the Beskids". The village lies in the historical region of Těšín Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°37′6″N 18°24′42″E / 49.61833°N 18.41167°E / 49.61833; 18.41167
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Jaworzynka
Jaworzynka (help·info) is a village in Gmina Istebna, Cieszyn County in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. The village is situated in Beskid Śląski mountain range, near to the borders with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°31′44.8″N 18°51′34.9″E / 49.529111°N 18.859694°E / 49.529111; 18.859694
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Karviná
Karviná (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkarvɪnaː] ( listen); Polish: Karwina (info), German: Karwin) is a city in Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, on the Olza River. It is administrative center of Karviná District. Karviná lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and is one of the most important coal mining centers in the Czech Republic. Together with neighboring towns it forms industrial Ostrava-Karviná Coal Basin.
It has 65,141 inhabitants (2001 census). 8.5% of the population are Slovaks and 8% of the population are Poles. Polish population is historically declining. In the past the town had a significant German community. There is also a growing Roma community.
Till 19th century it was a low importance village of Cieszyn Silesia, lying near the important town of Fryštát. Discovery of coal led to rapid development of Karviná and surrounding villages, railroad tracks were soon built. After the split of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920 it became a part of Czechoslovakia as a main mining center of the country. In 1923 it gained city rights. In October 1938 was annexed by Poland, together with whole region known as Zaolzie and during World War II was a part of Nazi Germany. After the war it again became a part of Czechoslovakia. In 1948 Karviná, Fryštát and the surrounding villages of Darkov, Ráj and Staré Město were merged into one city named Karviná. The coat of arms of Fryštát was chosen as the coat of arms of Karviná and Fryštát became the historical center of this industrial city.
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Katowice
Katowice (Polish: [katɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ( listen); German: Kattowitz) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers (tributaries of the Oder and the Vistula respectively). Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about 50 km (31 mi) north of the Silesian Beskids (part of the Carpathian Mountains) and about 100 km (62 mi) southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.
It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2.2 million to 3.5 million. Katowice is the center of science, culture, industry, business and transportation in southern Poland. It is the main city in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region and of the 2.7 millionconurbation, the Katowice urban area, within a Silesian metropolitan area populated by 4,676,983 people.
Katowice has been the capital of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously, it was the capital of the Katowice Voivodeship, before then, of the Silesian Voivodeship and before then Province of Upper Silesia in Germany.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (i/ˌkɑːzəkˈstɑːn/ or /ˌkæzəkˈstæn/) (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres (1,053,000 sq mi) is larger than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. Although Kazakhstan does not share a border with Mongolia, its most easterly point is only 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Mongolia's western tip. The terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts. With 16.6 million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). The capital was moved in 1998 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.
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Kiczyce
Kiczyce [kiˈt͡ʂɨt͡sɛ] is a village in Gmina Skoczów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of about 980 and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
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Komorní Lhotka
Komorní Lhotka (help·info) (Polish: Ligotka Kameralna (info), German: Kameral Ellgoth) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,097 (2001 census), 21.5% of the population are the Poles. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°39′11″N 18°31′39″E / 49.65306°N 18.5275°E / 49.65306; 18.5275
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Koniaków
Koniaków (help·info) is a village in Beskid Śląski mountain range in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It is the highest elevated village in Silesian Beskids and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The village is primarily known for its tradition of intricate lace-making.
The tradition of lace-making in Koniaków is more than 150 years old. Koniaków laces are handmade by crocheting cotton thread, using motifs inspired by nature. Lace motifs are worked separately, then connected to form larger pieces. The lace additions began appearing in pillows, shirts, blouses, and tablecloths around 1900.
Real fame was brought to Koniaków by lace tablecloths and table runners, which reached the tables of kings, aristocrats, and bishops. One was prepared for Queen Elizabeth II and another for Pope John Paul II. There are many examples of Koniaków lace lying on altars in Poland and other countries.
Lace-making became subject to anger and disapproval in 2003, dividing the small Koniaków society, when some young lace makers started to make underwear out of Koniaków lace. Some elders in Koniaków view this activity as a disgrace upon an ancient and respectful profession; however, the new twist on Koniaków lace was a big success.
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Kozakowice
Kozakowice (German: Kosakowitz) is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, close to the border with the Czech Republic. It has a population of about 600. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305.
Andrzej Cinciała, Polish lawyer and activist was born here.
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Kończyce Małe
Kończyce Małe (help·info) is a village in Gmina Zebrzydowice, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It has a population of about 3,300 (2008). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on the Piotrówka River.
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1305. There is a château built in the 15th century in the village, lying on the shore of a pond. There are several ponds in the village.
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Kończyce Wielkie
Kończyce Wielkie (help·info) is a village in Gmina Hażlach, Cieszyn County in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, near the border with the Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,857 (2008). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1305 as Kończyce Książęce. There is a wooden Saint Michael the Archangel church built in 1777 in the village and a palace built by Jerzy Fryderyk Wilczek at the end of the 17th century. Last owner of the palace was countess Gabriela von Thun-Hohenstein. She was known in the region for her philanthropic activities, she helped poor children, worked in the Red Cross and in 1910 funded construction of a pavilion of Silesian Hospital in Cieszyn. She was then awarded an honorary citizen of that town. In 1945 Soviet troops entered the palace and devastated it. Aristocratic family was expropriated of their property and orphanage was set there. After the fall of communism in Poland, there were problems with the property laws for the palace. It has been finally sold in 2007 to businessmen who declared they would like to set up a hotel there.
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Košařiska
Košařiska (help·info) (Polish: Koszarzyska (info)) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 365 (2001 census), 38.7% of the population are the Poles. The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It is situated on the Kopytná creek on the foothills of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range.
Coordinates: 49°35′33″N 18°40′46″E / 49.5925°N 18.67944°E / 49.5925; 18.67944
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Landek
Landek [ˈlandɛk] is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 549 (2009). Landek lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
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Leszna Górna
Leszna Górna (help·info) (German: Ober Lischna, Czech: Horní Líštná) is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland, on the border with the Czech Republic. It has a population of 576 (2008). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
The village was first mentioned in a written document in 1305. By the end of the 14th century it had a parish church. The original Catholic wooden church changed to a Protestant one during the Reformation. After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the western part of the village was incorporated into Czechoslovakia and called Horní Líštná.
An important landmark in the village is the late Baroque Church of Saint Martin built between 1719 and 1731.
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Lučina River
Lučina (Polish: Łucyna or Łuczyna) is a river in Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It is the tributary of the Ostravice River to which it enters in Ostrava. It originates in Beskids and then flows northwestward through Horní Bludovice and Dolní Bludovice, near Havířov. Žermanice Dam is built on the river. River is distinct for its meanders which are protected as a unique natural landmark.
The book Most nad Łucyną (The Bridge on Łucyna) by Polish poet Wiesław Adam Berger is centered around the river.
Coordinates: 49°49′52.84″N 18°17′48.798″E / 49.8313444°N 18.29688833°E / 49.8313444; 18.29688833
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Malenovice
Malenovice is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 499 (2007). It is located near Lysá hora mountain, majority of village's area is a part of Beskydy Landscape Protected Area. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Malenovice has many hotels, including Rajská bouda, hotel Bezruč, and hotel KAM (Křesťanská Akademie Mladých).
Coordinates: 49°34′11″N 18°24′17″E / 49.56972°N 18.40472°E / 49.56972; 18.40472
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Marklowice Górne
Marklowice Górne [marklɔˈvit͡sɛ ˈɡurnɛ] is a village in Gmina Zebrzydowice, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of about 920. Piotrówka River flows through the village.
Marklowice was a village in Cieszyn Silesia which split in the 17th century into the two parts, Marklowice Dolne and Marklowice Górne. They were joined together again at the end of the 19th century. After division of Cieszyn Silesia between Czechoslovakia and Poland in 1920, it was divided between these two countries. They were briefly reunited in the same country 1938-39 after Poland's annexation of Zaolzie, although as two separate gminas in two different powiats: Cieszyn (Marklowice Górne) and Frysztat (Marklowice Dolne). Today's Marklowice Górne is an eastern part of that village. Western part of the village is now known as Dolní Marklovice and lies in the Czech Republic.
Village was first mentioned in a written document in 1305.
Coordinates: 49°53′7.52″N 18°35′12.66″E / 49.8854222°N 18.58685°E / 49.8854222; 18.58685
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Mazańcowice
Mazańcowice [mazaɲt͡sɔˈvit͡sɛ] (German: Matzdorf) is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 3,401 (2009) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
There is a Catholic Mary Magdalene Church and also a Lutheran church in the village.
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Michálkovice
Michálkovice (Polish: Michałkowice, German: Michalkowitz) is an administrative district of the city of Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic.
It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1440. It witnessed heavy industrialization in the second half of the 19th century and several coal mines were dug here, most important was Michal Coal Mine.
In 1907 Michálkovice gained a market town rights. Formerly an independent municipality, in 1941 it became a part of Ostrava.
According to the Austrian census of 1910 the market town had 6,818 inhabitants, 6,794 of whom had permanent residence there. Census asked people for their native language, 4,147 (61%) were Czech-speaking and 2,481 (36.5%) were Polish-speaking. Most populous religious groups were Roman Catholics with 6,560 (96.2%), Protestants with 142 (2%) and the Jews with 108 (1.6%).
The most important landmark in Michálkovice is inactive Michal Coal Mine which is a National Cultural Landmark.
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Miskolc
Miskolc (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈmiʃkolts] ( listen), Slovak: Miškovec) is a city in northeastern Hungary, mainly with heavy industrial background. With a population close to 170,000 (2010) Miskolc is the fourth largest city of Hungary (behind Budapest, Debrecen and Szeged; second-largest with agglomeration.) It is also the county capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén and the regional centre of Northern Hungary.
Miskolc is located at 48°6′15″N 20°47′30″E / 48.10417°N 20.79167°E / 48.10417; 20.79167.
The city lies at the meeting point of different geographical regions – east from the Bükk mountains, in the valley of the river Sajó and the streams Hejő and Szinva. According to the 2001 Census the city has a total area of 236.68 km2 (91.38 sq mi). The ground level slopes gradually; the difference between the highest and lowest area is about 800 m (2,600 ft).
The lowest areas are the banks of the river Sajó, with an altitude of 110–120 m (360–390 ft). The area belongs to the Great Plain region and is made up of sedimentary rocks. Between the Avas hill and Diósgyőr lies the hilly area of the Lower Bükk (250–300 m/820–980 ft) consisting of sandstone, marl, clay, layers of coal, from the tertiary period, and volcanic rocks from the Miocene.
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Międzyrzecze Dolne
Międzyrzecze Dolne [mjɛnd͡zɨˈʐɛt͡ʂɛ ˈdɔlnɛ] (German: Nieder Kurzwald) is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 1,061 (2009) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°51′43.93″N 18°57′20.93″E / 49.8622028°N 18.9558139°E / 49.8622028; 18.9558139
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Międzyrzecze Górne
Międzyrzecze Górne [mjɛnd͡zɨˈʐɛt͡ʂɛ ˈɡurnɛ] (German: Ober Kurzwald) is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 2,279 (2009) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
There are two churches in the village, Lutheran church and Catholic Saint Martin Church.
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Międzyświeć
Międzyświeć [mjɛnˈd͡zɨɕfjɛt͡ɕ] is a village in Gmina Skoczów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
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Mosty u Jablunkova
Mosty u Jablunkova (help·info) (Polish: Mosty koło Jabłonkowa (info), German: Mosty bei Jablunkau) (1920-1949: Mosty) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, located in the Jablunkov Pass. It has 3,997 inhabitants, 18.3% of the population are the Poles. 83.9% of the population are religious, of whom 93.8% are Catholic. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on the slopes of the Silesian Beskids mountain range.
There are many opportunities for sport and recreation in the village:
Mosty u Jablunkova has two railway stations, and is served by ČD track 320 from Žilina to Bohumín. Below the highest point of Jablunkov Pass are two railway tunnels 600 meters long.
Buses connect Mosty u Jablunkova with Jablunkov and Hrčava. There are 18 bus stops in the village.
European road E75 runs through Mosty u Jablunkova from Jablunkov and continues to Slovakia. There is also a customs office on the route, though border checks have been abolished with both countries' accession to the Schengen zone.
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Nižní Lhoty
Nižní Lhoty (Polish: Ligota Dolna) is small village in the Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 258 (2006). It lies on the Morávka River, in the historical region of Těšín Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305.
Coordinates: 49°39′13″N 18°27′10″E / 49.65361°N 18.45278°E / 49.65361; 18.45278
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Nošovice
Nošovice (German: Noschowitz, Polish: Noszowice) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, with a population of 970 (2006).
It lies on the Morávka River, in the historical region of Těšín Silesia (a part of Czech Silesia).
The first written mention of the village appeared in 1573. In that time, the name was Potměnošovice. This name originates from locator Potmienoss, who settled with his people in a desolate place between the villages Nižní Lhoty (Dolní Lhoty at that time) and Dobrá (Dobrázemica at that time) in 1447 and founded the settlement Potměnošovice. Nošovice name is known from 1664.
Surroundings of the village is ideal for hiking and cycling. The swimming pool is a natural river at the National natural monument Skalická Morávka. There is sport and social complex which was built in 2006 and adjoins to the area of elementary school.
The Radegast brewery is located here, as well as the factory of the Hyundai Motor Company which was built in 2006. There is grown and produced Nošovické sauerkraut.
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Návsí
Návsí (help·info) (Polish: Nawsie (info), Cieszyn Silesian: Nowsi (info)) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 3,765 (2001 census); 24% of the population are Poles.
It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on the both banks of the Olza River, between Silesian and Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain ranges. Mountain meadow of Filipka lies just north of the village. It offers great view of the Olza River valley and peaks of Moravian-Silesian Beskids.
Nawsie was originally a part of Old Jabłonków, but nearby a new settlement emerged (Jabłonków) and Nawsie became a separate village. The village is first mentioned as Nawsie in a written document in 1577. Beginnings of the village can be traced much earlier. In 1435 Wacław I, Duke of Cieszyn gave a privilege to Paweł Sikora to establish a farming community. Návsí lies on the old trade route going from today's Slovakia to Cieszyn, thus offering good trading opportunities. Craftsmen began to settle in the village. However, village's location had also negative consequences, frequent marches of various armies and frequent Olza floodings caused that in the second half of the 17th century almost one third inhabitants left the village. Sikora family managed the village to 19th century. In 1791 a wooden Protestant church was built, bricked one in 1820. Village developed quickly after 1871 construction of Kassa-Oderberg railway line which runs through the village. Large railway station was built here.
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Nýdek
Nýdek (help·info) (Polish: Nydek (info), German: Niedek) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,952 (2001 census), 26.6% of the population are the Poles.
It lies on the slopes of the Silesian Beskids mountain range, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Hluchová River flows through the village.
The village was first mentioned in a written document in 1430 as Nidek.
Coordinates: 49°39′21″N 18°46′26″E / 49.65583°N 18.77389°E / 49.65583; 18.77389
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Ochaby
Ochaby (German: Ochab) is a village in Gmina Skoczów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of about 2,000 and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It is known from a large horse stud farm, one of the largest in Silesia.
Józef Pieter, Polish psychologist, was born here.
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Opava River
The Opava (Czech: Opava, Polish: Opawa, German: Oppa) is a river in the north-eastern Czech Republic, a left tributary of the Oder river. It originates at the confluence of Bílá (White), Střední (Middle) and Černá (Black) Opava in Vrbno pod Pradědem and runs over 119 km (74 mi) to the Oder at Ostrava, with some 25 km (16 mi) forming the border with Poland.
After the 1742 First Silesian War the Opava river in the Duchy of Troppau by the terms of the Treaty of Breslau became the border between Austrian and Prussian Silesia (the later Province of Silesia). After World War I the demarcation was confirmed by the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye as the border between Czechoslovakia (Czech Silesia) and the Second Polish Republic.
Coordinates: 49°50′00.49″N 18°13′16.51″E / 49.8334694°N 18.2212528°E / 49.8334694; 18.2212528
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Orlová
Orlová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈorlovaː] ( listen); Polish: Orłowa (info); German: Orlau) is a town in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
According to legend, Mieszko, a Silesian duke from the lower branch of the Piast dynasty, went hunting with his pregnant wife, Ludmiła. As they rested upon a hill, an eagle suddenly took flight, frightening the couple. The eagle dropped his prey, which fell to earth near them. Ludmiła prematurely gave birth to her child, Kazimierz. The couple, seeing a sign from God in this incident, founded a chapel on that spot and later named the subsequent settlement after the eagle (Polish: orzeł, Czech: orel). Thus, it is not clear when the settlement was really founded; however, it was first mentioned in a written document in 1223, and four years later the name of the village appears in documents. During the Middle Ages it was a settlement of agricultural character. Major change came in the 19th century with the coal mining boom. The population grew rapidly together with urban development.
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Pazderna
Pazderna (Polish: Październa) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 254 (2006). The village lies in the historical region of Těšín Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°41′49″N 18°26′0″E / 49.69694°N 18.433333°E / 49.69694; 18.433333
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Petrovice u Karviné
Petrovice u Karviné (help·info) (1920-1952: Petrovice) (Polish: Piotrowice koło Karwiny (info), German: Petrowitz bei Freistadt) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 5,350 (2011), which makes it the second largest village in the Czech Republic (meaning a municipality without an official town status according to Czech laws). 13% of the population are the ethnic Poles, 1,2% are Slovaks and also 1,2% Silesians. Around 22,7% of the population is religious (mostly Roman-Catholic), which is about the double of the national average. It lies on the border with Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The Petrůvka River flows through the village and enters the Olza River in Závada.
After the wary division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became part of Czechoslovakia as Petrovice. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938, Petrovice and the whole Zaolzie region was annexed by Poland. The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
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Pierściec
Pierściec is a village in Gmina Skoczów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of about 1,700. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Tadeusz Kopeć, Polish politician, was born here.
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Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Prague
Prague ( /ˈprɑːɡ/; Czech: Praha pronounced [ˈpraɦa] ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic and fourteenth largest city in European Union. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of nearly 2.0 million. The city has a temperate oceanic climate with warm summers and chilly winters.
Prague has been a political, cultural, and economic centre of central Europe with waxing and waning fortunes during its 1,100 year existence. Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic and Renaissance eras, Prague was the seat of two Holy Roman Emperors and thus then also the capital of the Holy Roman Empire. It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire and after World War I became the capital of Czechoslovakia. The city played major roles in the Protestant Reformation, the Thirty Years' War, and in modern history generally as the principal conurbation in Bohemia and Moravia whose second city is Brno.
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Pražmo
Pražmo is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 969 (2006). Pražmo lies in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids in the elevation of 435 m, on the Morávka River, in the historical region of Těšín Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°36′14″N 18°29′23″E / 49.60389°N 18.48972°E / 49.60389; 18.48972
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Pruchna
Pruchna [ˈpruxna] is a village in Gmina Strumień, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It has a population of 2,442 (2008). Pruchna lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305.
The name of the village is probably derived from the rotten trees (to rot is próchnieć in Polish).
There are several landmarks in the village, including Catholic Saint Anne Church and Lutheran Resurrection of the Lord Church. In 1844-1863 a train station has been constructed in Pruchna. There is also a memorial to soldiers of the Red Army fallen in Pruchna in the last months of World War II.
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Puńców
Puńców (German: Punzau) is a village in Gmina Goleszów, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, on the border with the Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,508 (2008) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1223. There is a Saint George Roman Catholic church in the village. It was built in 1518 in the late Gothic style. After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, small part of the village has been incorporated to Czechoslovakia and is now administratively a part of Třinec.
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Raškovice
Raškovice (Polish: Raszkowice) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,777 (2006). It lies on the Morávka River, in the historical region of Těšín Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°37′4″N 18°27′49″E / 49.61778°N 18.46361°E / 49.61778; 18.46361
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Ropice
Ropice (help·info) (Polish: Ropica (info), German: Roppitz) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,417 (2006), 28.9% of the population are the Poles.Ropičanka River flows into the Olza River in the village. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
The village was first mentioned in a written document in 1305 as Ropiza. Owners of Ropica in 15th century, the Sobek family, built a fort in the village. It was rebuilt to a baroque château around 1700 and then to a classicist one in 1810. It remains in that style today, although it dilapidated during the communist era and is now completely devastated.
There is a modern golf course in Ropice.
Devastated château
Devastated château in 2012
Roman Catholic church
Roman Catholic church
Lutheran chapel
Coordinates: 49°42′0″N 18°36′20″E / 49.7°N 18.60556°E / 49.7; 18.60556
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Roztropice
Roztropice [rɔstrɔˈpit͡sɛ] is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 719 (2009) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Cross-country skier and ski jumper Leopold Tajner was born here.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Rychvald
Rychvald (help·info) (Polish: Rychwałd (info), Cieszyn Silesian: Rychwołd, German: Reichwaldau) is a town in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It has a population of 6,769 (2001 census).
It was first mentioned in a historical document in 1305 as Richinwalde. There is a Catholic Saint Anne Church in the town.
Coordinates: 49°51′37″N 18°22′44″E / 49.86028°N 18.37889°E / 49.86028; 18.37889
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Simoradz
Simoradz [ɕiˈmɔrad͡z] is a village in Gmina Dębowiec, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has an area of 6.9537 square kilometres (2.6848 sq mi) and a population of 996 (2006).
The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, on one of hills of Silesian Foothills, which height is 350 meters above mean sea level. Its name originates from old Moravian language "sim oradz", meaning to till a land.
It was first mentioned in a written document from 1286, which recalls the local parson who was supposed to read a curse on Henryk IV Probus in the church in Racibórz. Around 1300 the village was recolonised from Polish rights to German rights. Until XVI century it belonged to dukes of the Duchy of Cieszyn, then to noble families. The current Saint James church was built in 15th century. During Protestant Reformation many of the local citizens changed their denomination to Lutheranism and took over the local church. It was returned to Catholics in 1654. The first school in Simoradz was established in 1763, and waited to 1793 for a dedicated building next to the church. The Revolutions of 1848 brought many changes. Feudalism was abolished, the village was organised into a municipality ruled by an elected vogt. The first vogt was chosen to be Paweł Ciemała. In 1978 the new vogt was Ludwik Rużiczka, a merchant from Wien, who changed the official language of the gemeinde to German. Rużiczka was replaced by Jerzy Raszka in 1888, who made back Polish language official in municipality. He also wrote down a memoir of the municipality. A new school was built in 1903.
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Skoczów
Skoczów [ˈskɔt͡ʂuf] ( listen) (German: Skotschau, Czech: Skočov) is a town and the seat of Gmina Skoczów in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland with 14,783 inhabitants (2004). It lies on the confluence of the river Bładnica into Vistula, in Silesian Foothills, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
The town is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously a part of the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998.
Skoczów is the oldest town in the area of the upper Vistula river. The very first settlement in the nearest neighbourhood had been established by a Slavic tribe called Golensizi around the 7th century on a naturally defensive hill over the valley of the river Bładnica and ravine called Piekiełko about 2 km (1.24 mi) south-east of the town centre within borders of modern Międzyświeć. The "gord" was later surrounded by an earth bank and moat. The settlement was destroyed in the end of the 9th century by Great Moravian Prince Svatopluk II and was not rebuilt again.
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Slezská Ostrava
Slezská Ostrava (Polish: Śląska Ostrawa, lit. Silesian Ostrava), till 1919 Polnisch Ostrau (Czech: Polská Ostrava, Polish: Polska Ostrawa, lit. Polish Ostrava) is a district of the city of Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia, not counting Koblov and Antošovice lying north-west from the Oder river in the Hlučín Region.
It comprises historical city of Slezská Ostrava as well as market town of Hrušov and villages Antošovice, Heřmanice, Koblov, Kunčice, Kunčičky and Muglinov.
The settlement of Polská Ostrava gained market town rights in 1879. In 1911-1913 a town hall have been built. In 1919 it became a part of Czechoslovakia and in November of that year it was renamed to Slezská Ostrava. On 17 September 1920 it gained city rights.
According to the Austrian census of 1910 Polnisch Ostrau had 22,892 inhabitants, 22,693 of whom had permanent residence there. Census asked people for their native language, 1,296 (5.7%) were German-speaking, 16,927 (74.6%) were Czech-speaking and 4,467 (19.7%) were Polish-speaking. Jews were not allowed to declare Yiddish, most of them thus declared the German language as their native. Most populous religious groups were Roman Catholics with 21,604 (94.4%), followed by Protestants with 933 (4%) and the Jews with 290 (1.3%).
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Slovakia
The Slovak Republic (short form: Slovakiai/sloʊˈvɑːkiə/ or /sləˈvækiə/; Slovak: Slovensko (help·info), long form Slovenská republika (help·info)) is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about 49,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi). Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. The largest city is the capital, Bratislava, and the second largest is Košice. Slovakia is a member state of the European Union, NATO, United Nations, OECD and WTO among others. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.
The Slavs arrived in the territory of present day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries during the migration period. In the course of history, various parts of today's Slovakia belonged to Samo's Empire (the first known political unit of Slavs), Principality of Nitra (as independent polity, as part of Great Moravia and as part of Hungarian Kingdom), Great Moravia, Kingdom of Hungary, the Austro-Hungarian Empire or Habsburg Empire, and Czechoslovakia. A separate Slovak state briefly existed during World War II, during which Slovakia was a dependency of Nazi Germany between 1939 and 1944. From 1945 Slovakia once again became a part of Czechoslovakia. The present-day Slovakia became an independent state on 1 January 1993 after the peaceful dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
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Soběšovice
Soběšovice (Polish: Sobieszowice or Szobiszowice) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 805 (2006). It is located on the shore of Žermanice Dam, in the historical region of Těšín Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°43′47″N 18°27′55″E / 49.72972°N 18.46528°E / 49.72972; 18.46528
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Staré Hamry
Staré Hamry (German: Althammer, Polish: Stare Hamry) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 557 (2006). It is situated in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountain range, on the Ostravice River and the Šance Dam, forest covers 86% of village's area. Eastern part of the village lies in the historical region of Těšín Silesia.
The village church has a monument on the outside of the cemetery wall commemorating the social poem Maryčka Magdónova, by Petr Bezruč. The rectory of the church was damaged in a fire in early September 2009.
Coordinates: 49°29′39″N 18°27′53″E / 49.49417°N 18.46472°E / 49.49417; 18.46472
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Stonava
Stonava (Polish: Stonawa (help·info), German: Steinau) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the Stonávka River. It has a population of 1,855 (2006), 25.8% of the population are the Poles. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Grave of 20 Polish soldiers murdered by Czech legionists on 26 January 1919
Workers' House
Lutheran church
Polish elementary school
Coordinates: 49°48′44″N 18°31′50″E / 49.81222°N 18.53056°E / 49.81222; 18.53056
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Strumień
Strumień [ˈstrumʲɛɲ] ( listen) (German: Schwarzwasser, Czech: Strumeň) is a town and the seat of Gmina Strumień, in Cieszyn County, in the Silesian Voivodeship (province) of southern Poland, on the Vistula River.
Currently situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (since 1999), Strumień was previously part of the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship (1975–1998).
It is located in the north-eastern part of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and is the smallest town of Cieszyn Silesia and one of the smallest in Poland.
Because of its proximity to the Vistula, this little town has found itself under various national and imperial jurisdictions (see Duchy of Cieszyn). The town existed under Austrian dominion from 1653 until the end of the First World War and was referred to in German as Schwarzwasser. The town with its Polish name Strumień joined the Second Polish Republic in 1920. Following the invasion of Poland and the annexation of Cieszyn Silesia by the German army in 1939, it became part of Nazi Germany (as Schwarzwasser again). At the end of World War II the town returned to Poland.
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Svinov
Svinov (German: Schönbrunn) is an administrative district of the city of Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic. It lies on the bank of the Odra River, in the Silesian part of the city.
It lies in the historical region of Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1265.
In 1847 a train station was built there and Svinov became an important railroad junction on the Austrian Northern Railway. Quick industrialization followed and several transport companies were established. Since then Svinov train station was connected to several other railway lines and today it is the most important railway station in the city of Ostrava.
According to the Austrian census of 1910 the village had 3,274 inhabitants, 3,144 of whom had permanent residence there. Census asked people for their native language, 706 (22.5%) were German-speaking, 2,264 (72%) were Czech-speaking and 174 (5.5%) were Polish-speaking. Jews were not allowed to declare Yiddish, most of them thus declared the German language as their native. Most populous religious groups were Roman Catholics with 3,075 (93.9%) followed by the Jews with 124 (3.8%).
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Těrlicko
Těrlicko (help·info) (Polish: Cierlicko (info), German: Tierlitzko) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has 4,202 inhabitants (2001 census) and Poles constitute 12.9% of the population. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
The village is made up of three administrative sections (formerly independent villages): Dolní Těrlicko (Polish: Cierlicko Dolne), Horní Těrlicko (Cierlicko Górne), Hradiště (Grodziszcz). Among other parts of municipality there is also a former village of Kostelec (Kościelec).
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1229 as Cierlitzko. The area changed hands many times over the centuries, until in 1731 it became the property of the Larisch-Mönnich noble family, last noble owners of the village. The Larisch family opened the first coal mine in Karwina in 1798, and the local villagers slowly gave up their farming way of life. The first coal miners were often forcibly compelled to work. In 1926 a new era for the village began; noble families could no longer own municipalitites. After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became part of Czechoslovakia as Těrlicko. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938, Těrlicko and the whole Zaolzie region was annexed by Poland. The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.
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Třanovice
Třanovice (help·info) (Polish: Trzanowice (info)) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. The population is 932 (2001 census), Poles making up 21.2%. The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
There are two churches in the village - Lutheran church and Catholic Saint Bartholomew Church.
Coordinates: 49°42′24″N 18°31′42″E / 49.70667°N 18.52833°E / 49.70667; 18.52833
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Třinec
Třinec (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtr̝̊ɪnɛts] ( listen); Polish: Trzyniec (info), German: Trzynietz) is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It lies on the Olza River, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The town has 37,405 inhabitants as of 2009, in 2001 17.7% of the population were Poles. The town is notable for its steel plant, the Třinec Iron and Steel Works, largest one in the Czech Republic, which still has a major impact on the town, on its character, demographics and air pollution.
Třinec is also an important cultural center of the Polish minority in Zaolzie.
The village of Třinec was founded in the 14th century. Třinec is first mentioned in a written document in 1444. The majority of the population worked in agriculture. The area was, however, rich in limestone, iron ore and clay. The area also offered a large enough work force, so it was decided to build an iron works. In 1836 the construction of the first metallurgical furnace had begun. The iron mill began operation in 1839, becoming the largest one in the entire Cieszyn Silesia. First schools (Polish-German) in Třinec were created by the initiative of the iron works in 1851. After the construction of Košice-Bohumín Railway line in 1871, the rapid development of the town occurred. After the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920 it became a part of Czechoslovakia. Třinec gained town rights in 1931. In October 1938, together with the whole region known as Zaolzie, it was annexed by Poland, and during World War II was a part of Nazi Germany. After the war it again became part of Czechoslovakia and eventually surrounding villages were incorporated into Třinec.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (i/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Ustroń
Ustroń [ˈustrɔɲ] ( listen) (German: Ustron) is a health resort town in Cieszyn Silesia, southern Poland. It is situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been in Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship (1975–1998). It lies in the Silesian Beskids mountain range.
According to the Austrian census of 1910 the town had 4,275 inhabitants, 4,265 of whom had permanent residence there. The census asked people for their native language; 3,917 (91.8%) were Polish-speaking and 333 (7.8%) were German-speaking. Jews were not allowed to declare Yiddish; most of them thus declared the German language as their native. The most populous religious groups were Protestants with 2,439 (57%) followed by Roman Catholics with 1,728 (40.4%) and the Jews with 107 (2.5%).
The town has a futuristic outlook because of a cluster of pyramid-shaped hotels. It is also the home of the Jan Jarocki Museum. It was founded in April 1986 as Museum of Metallurgy. Burned by Tatars 1241. It is housed in an old building of the former Klemens Steel Works, which was in use between 1772 and 1897. The museum collects technical tools, as well as historical and ethnographic artifacts.
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Velká Polom
Velká Polom is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has around 1,630 inhabitants and lies just outside the city of Ostrava. The village was first mentioned in a written document in 1288.
Coordinates: 49°52′1″N 18°5′49″E / 49.86694°N 18.09694°E / 49.86694; 18.09694
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Vendryně
Vendryně (help·info) (Polish: Wędrynia (info)) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the banks of the Olza River. It has a population of 3,842 (2001 census), 35.3% of the population are Poles. The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
The village is first mentioned in a written document in 1305. In the 19th century an iron ore was mined in the village for the iron works in Ustroń and later the Třinec Iron and Steel Works in Třinec. Limestone was mined until 1965. From 1980 to 1995 it was administratively a part of the town of Třinec.
Vendryně is twinned with:
Coordinates: 49°39′20″N 18°42′27″E / 49.65556°N 18.7075°E / 49.65556; 18.7075
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Vienna
Vienna ( /viːˈɛnə/; German: Wien (help·info) [viːn]) is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million (2.4 million within the metropolitan area, more than 25% of Austria's population), and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 9th-largest city by population in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century it was the largest German speaking city in the world, and before the first world war and the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian empire the city had 2 million inhabitants. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city lies in the east of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
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Volgograd
Volgograd (Russian: Волгогра́д; IPA: [ˌvəlɡɐˈɡrat] ( listen)), formerly called Tsaritsyn (Russian: Цари́цын (help·info); 1589–1925) and Stalingrad (Russian: Сталингра́д (help·info); 1925–1961) is an important industrial city and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. It is 80-kilometer (50 mi) long, north to south, situated on the western bank of the Volga River. Population: 1,021,244 (2010 Census preliminary results); 1,011,417 (2002 Census); 1,022,578 (1989 Census). The city became famous for its resistance, extensive damage, and death toll during the Battle of Stalingrad in World War II.
Although it is possible the city originated in 1555, it was first mentioned documentally in 1589 as Tsaritsyn, located at the confluence of the Tsaritsa and Volga Rivers. The fortress Sary Su (a local Tatar language name meaning: yellow water/river), was established to defend the unstable southern border of the country. It soon became the nucleus of a trading settlement. It was captured twice by Cossack rebels, under Stepan Razin in the rebellion of 1670 and Yemelyan Pugachev in 1774. Tsaritsyn became an important river port and commercial center in the 19th century.
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Vratimov
Vratimov (German: Rattimau, Polish: Racimów) is a town in Ostrava-City District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 6,712 (2006) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
There is a Catholic Saint John the Baptist Church in the town.
Coordinates: 49°46′3″N 18°18′56″E / 49.7675°N 18.31556°E / 49.7675; 18.31556
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Vyšní Lhoty
Vyšní Lhoty is a village in the Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has a population of 757 (2006). It lies on the Morávka River, in the historical region of Těšín Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1305.
The village is situated on the foothills of the Moravian-Silesian Beskids and the Prašivá mountain. There is a wooden Saint Anthony of Padua church from 1640 on that mountain.
There is a refugee camp of the Ministry of Interior in the municipality. Students of Refugee Law Clinic of Centre for Clinical Legal Education (Palacký University, Faculty of Law) get clinical experience there by assisting in providing pro bono legal help there.
Coordinates: 49°38′1″N 18°28′21″E / 49.63361°N 18.4725°E / 49.63361; 18.4725
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Václavovice
Václavovice (German: Wenzlowitz, Polish: Więcłowice) is a village in Ostrava-City District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,581 (2006) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°45′21″N 18°22′19″E / 49.75583°N 18.37194°E / 49.75583; 18.37194
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Vělopolí
Vělopolí (help·info) (Polish: Wielopole (info), German: Wielopoli) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 206 (2001 census), 19% of the population are the Poles and more than 50% of population are Protestants. The village lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°42′14″N 18°34′11″E / 49.70389°N 18.56972°E / 49.70389; 18.56972
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Polish: Warszawa [varˈʂava] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly 260 kilometres (160 mi) from the Baltic Sea and 300 kilometres (190 mi) from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most populous city proper in the European Union. The area of the city covers 516.9 square kilometres (199.6 sq mi), while the city's agglomeration covers 6,100.43 square kilometres (2,355.39 sq mi).
Warsaw is an Alpha- global city, a major international tourist destination and an important economic hub in Central Europe. It is also known as the "phoenix city" because it has survived many wars throughout its history. Most notably, the city had to be painstakingly rebuilt after the extensive damage it suffered from World War II, during which 80% of its buildings were destroyed. On 9 November 1940 the city was awarded Poland's highest military decoration for heroism, the Virtuti Militari, for the Siege of Warsaw (1939).
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Wieszczęta
Wieszczęta [vjɛʂˈt͡ʂɛnta] is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 487 (2009) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
There is a Lutheran church in the village.
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Wisła
Wisła [ˈviswa] ( listen) (German: Weichsel) is a town in Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, with a population of about 11,810 (2006), near the border with Czech Republic in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. It is situated in the Silesian Beskids mountain range. Wisła is the Polish name for the Vistula River, which has its source in the mountains near the town.
Located near the national tourist center Ondraszek, Wisła is a popular year-round tourist destination, with the nearby mountains favored by ski jumpers. It is known for being the home town of ski jumper Adam Małysz, and for the fact that it is the only town in Poland with a majority Protestant population.
Wisła is also the home of the Beskid Museum, on B. Hoff square. It has on display agricultural tools, folk costumes and goatskin bagpipes from the surrounding region.
In Wisła a trail starts that leads to the Stożek Wielki, a mountain on the border with the Czech Republic that reaches a height of 978 meters.
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Zabrzeg
Zabrzeg is a village in Gmina Czechowice-Dziedzice, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 3,107 (2008). The village lies on the edge of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and was first mentioned in a written document in 1521, although it was probably settled in the 14th century.
In the World War II the village was a part of Nazi Germany. On the 27 May 1942 German soldiers executed by hanging 5 Polish civilians: Stefan Górecki, Alojzy Jarczok, Wilhelm Herok, Adolf and Jan Grygierczyk. Zabrzeg was liberated by the Red Army on 9 February 1945 after heavy fighting with Wehrmacht.
There are several landmarks in Zabrzeg, including the Saint Joseph parish church from the 18th century and the statue of Priest Józef Londzin.
Coordinates: 49°54′52″N 18°56′44″E / 49.91444°N 18.94556°E / 49.91444; 18.94556
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Zamarski
Zamarski (help·info) is a village in Gmina Hażlach, Cieszyn County in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 1,286 (2008) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
It was first mentioned in a written document in 1223. There is a wooden Saint Roch Catholic church built in 1731 in the village.
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Zaolzie
Zaolzie [zaˈɔlʑɛ] ( listen) is the Polish name for an area now in the Czech Republic which was disputed between interwar Poland and Czechoslovakia. The name means "lands beyond the Olza River"; it is also called Śląsk zaolziański, meaning "trans-Olza Silesia". Equivalent terms in other languages include Zaolší (Zaolží) in Czech and Olsa-Gebiet in German. The Zaolzie region was created in 1920, when Cieszyn Silesia was divided between Czechoslovakia and Poland. Zaolzie forms the eastern part of the Czech portion of Cieszyn Silesia. The division did not satisfy any side, and persisting conflict over the region led to its annexation by Poland in October 1938, following the Munich Agreement. After German invasion of Poland in 1939, the area became a part of Nazi Germany until 1945. After the war, the 1920 borders were restored.
Historically, the largest specified ethnic group inhabiting this area were those identifying as Poles. Under Austrian rule, Cieszyn Silesia was divided into four districts. One of them, Frýdek, had a mostly Czech population, the other three were mostly inhabited by Poles. During the 19th century the number of ethnic Germans grew. After declining at the end of the 19th century, at the beginning of the 20th century and later from 1920 to 1938 the Czech population grew significantly (mainly as a result of immigration and the assimilation of locals) and Poles became a minority, which they are to this day. Another significant ethnic group were the Jews, but almost the entire Jewish population was exterminated during World War II.
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Zbytków
Zbytków [ˈzbɨtkuf] is a village in Gmina Strumień, Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 1,262 (June 2008). It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
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Český Těšín
Český Těšín (Czech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskiː ˈcɛʃiːn] ( listen); Polish: Czeski Cieszyn (info), German: Tschechisch-Teschen) is a town in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. The town is commonly known in the region as just Těšín (Polish: Cieszyn). It lies on the west bank of the Olza River, in the heart of the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. Until the 1920 division of the region between Poland and Czechoslovakia it was just a western suburb of the town of Teschen, which after the division fell to Poland as Cieszyn.
Until 1918 the area was called Sachsenberg (local dialect: Sasko Kympa) meaning Saxon Hill and was a small western suburb of the town of Teschen (Polish: Cieszyn, Czech: Těšín) in the Duchy of Teschen, within Cieszyn Silesia of Austria-Hungary.
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Řeka
Řeka (help·info) (Polish: Rzeka (info), Cieszyn Silesian: Rzyka (info)) (literally "river") is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 466 (2001 census), 21.5% of the population are the Poles. Village lies near the Moravian-Silesian Beskids mountains, and Ropičanka River flows through it. It lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°37′39″N 18°34′35″E / 49.6275°N 18.57639°E / 49.6275; 18.57639
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Řepiště
Řepiště (Polish: Rzepiszcze) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 1,618 (2006). The village lies in the historical region of Těšín Silesia. There is a wooden church of Saint Archangel Michael in the village.
Coordinates: 49°44′15″N 18°19′8″E / 49.7375°N 18.31889°E / 49.7375; 18.31889
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Świętoszówka
Świętoszówka [ɕfjɛntɔˈʂufka] is a village in Gmina Jasienica, Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has a population of 609 (2009) and lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
There is a Catholic Holy Spirit Church and also a Lutheran church in the village.
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Žermanice
Žermanice is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. It has a population of 240 (2006 est.). It lies on the shore of Žermanice Dam, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia.
Coordinates: 49°44′6″N 18°26′51″E / 49.735°N 18.4475°E / 49.735; 18.4475
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Alois Anderka
Alois Anderka (25 June 1825, Nové Lublice – 7 April 1886, Moravská Ostrava) was the second mayor of Ostrava 1864-1873.
In 1858, he entered politics. In 1861 he was elected into the local committee and in 1864 was elected mayor.
He cooperated with the occupying Prussian forces during the war between Austrian-Prussian War. He managed to minimalise the damage caused by the soldiers. After a peace was concluded, he was decorated by the Emperor.
In 1868 he managed to receive a permit to create a main school in Moravská Ostrava. In 1869 he managed to organise a railroad to be placed between Ostrava and Frýdlant.
Also, a public gaslight was established in 1870, a new city graveyard was opened in 1871.
However, his investive activities caused a deficit on 170,000 gold pieces to be made, resulting in Anderka not being named mayor in 1873. He however remained in communal politics, serving in the local committee, dying on 7 April 1886, due to a lung disease.
He was succeeded by Konstantin Grünwald.
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Andreas Dombrowski
Feldwebel Andreas Dombrowski (born November 30, 1894, date of death unknown) was a World War I flying ace credited with six aerial victories. He was born in Mahrisch-Ostrau.
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Antonín Dvořák
Antonín Leopold Dvořák (/ˈdvɔrʒɑːk/ DVOR-zhahk or /dɨˈvɔrʒæk/ di-VOR-zhak; Czech: [ˈantoɲiːn ˈlɛopolt ˈdvor̝aːk] ( listen); September 8, 1841 – May 1, 1904) was a Czech composer of late Romantic music, who employed the idioms of the folk music of Moravia and his native Bohemia. Dvořák’s own style is sometimes called "romantic-classicist synthesis". His works include symphonic, choral and chamber music, concerti, operas and many of other orchestral and vocal-instrumental pieces.
His best-known works include his New World Symphony, the Slavonic Dances, the Symphonic Variations, "American" String Quartet, Piano Quintet No 2, the opera Rusalka, Cello Concerto in B minor and choral works Stabat Mater, Requiem and Te Deum. Today, he is considered to be one of the most important composers of the Romantic era.
Dvořák was born on September 8, 1841, in the Bohemian village of Nelahozeves, near Prague (then part of Bohemia in the Austrian Empire, now Czech Republic), where he spent most of his life. He was baptized as a Roman Catholic in the church of St. Andrew in the village. Dvořák's years in Nelahozeves nurtured the strong Christian faith and love for his Bohemian heritage that so strongly influenced his music. His father, František Dvořák (1814–1894), was an innkeeper, professional player of the zither, and a butcher. Although his father wanted him to be a butcher as well, Dvořák pursued a career in music. He received his earliest musical education at the village school, which he entered in 1847, aged six. From 1857 to 1859 he studied music in Prague's only organ school, and gradually developed into an accomplished player of the violin and the viola. He wrote his first string quartet when he was 20 years old, two years after graduating.
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Artur London
Artur London (1 February 1915 – 8 November 1986) was a Czechoslovak communist politician and co-defendant in the Slánský Trial. He was born in Ostrava, Austria-Hungary to a Jewish family.
In 1937, London went to fight in the Spanish Civil War as member of the International Brigade. He moved to France after the defeat of the Republicans and, during World War II, was arrested by the Nazis and sent to the Mauthausen concentration camp. After the war he lived in Switzerland but soon moved with family to Prague, where he became a leading figure in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, and was eventually nominated deputy minister of foreign affairs in 1948. In 1951 he was arrested and became a co-defendant in the Slánský trial alongside Rudolf Slánský. London was accused of being a Zionist, Trotskyite and Titoist and sentenced to life in prison, but released in 1955 and rehabilitated in 1963.
He moved to France, with his wife, where the couple wrote L'Aveu (The Confession) about his ordeal in the Prague Trials. While the main defendants were senior to London, he gained prominence worldwide by writing the book. The book was made into a film directed by Costa-Gavras, starring Yves Montand and Simone Signoret. His wife, Lise, narrated the documentary A Trial in Prague, dir. Zuzana Justman (2002, 83min).
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Emil Beier
SS Sturmbannführer (Storm Unit Leader/Major) Emil Beier (born Vápenná November 29, 1893: died Fulda May 12, 1985) was a German Nazi politician and Mayor of Ostrava, between 1940 and 1945 in Czechoslovakia during the Second World War occupation (1938–1945).
He was put into the place of Josef Hinner, who was deposed for being "too soft" on Czech officials. As the mayor, he initiated the annexation of 12 municipalities (Heřmanice, Hrabová, Hrušov, Kunčice, Kunčičky, Michálkovice, Muglinov, Nová Bělá, Radvanice, Slezská Ostrava, Stará Bělá, and Výškovice) into Ostrava. He also established the mining museum and expanded road communications. He wrote a book about Ostrava, Mährish Ostrau, published by the SS in 1942 in Prague. After the liberation, he was briefly replaced by Josef Lampa.
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Evžen Tošenovský
Evžen Tošenovský (born 26 February 1956) is a Czech politician. He was elected Member of the European Parliament in the 2009 European Parliament election receiving the largest number of preference votes.
Tošenovský graduated from the Technical University of Ostrava in 1981. In 1993, he was elected mayor of Ostrava and remained in the office until 2000. From 2000 to 2008, Tošenovský served as governor of Moravian-Silesian Region.
He's married and has two children. Tošenovský is also a recipient of numerous awards and decorations. In 2002, he was promoted to the rank of knight of the Légion d'honneur.
Media related to Evžen Tošenovský at Wikimedia Commons
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Filip Kuba
Filip Kuba (born December 29, 1976) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman currently playing for the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League. He has previously played for the Florida Panthers, Minnesota Wild and Tampa Bay Lightning.
Kuba was drafted in the 1995 NHL Entry Draft by the Florida Panthers in the 8th round, 192nd overall, after playing with HC Vítkovice junior team in his native Czech Republic. Upon being drafted, he remained in the Czech Republic for one more season, playing with HC Vítkovice's senior team of the Czech Extraliga.
Moving to North America, he played the majority of his four seasons with the Panthers in the minor leagues before being traded to the Calgary Flames for Rocky Thompson on March 16, 2000. However, before the 2000–01 season began, Kuba was left unprotected by the Flames for the 2000 NHL Expansion Draft and was claimed by the Minnesota Wild.
He played his first full NHL season with the Wild in the subsequent season and recorded 9 goals and 30 points. In 2003, the Wild advanced to the semi-finals of the playoffs, defeating division rivals Colorado Avalanche and Vancouver Canucks before falling to the Anaheim Mighty Ducks in four games. Kuba set career playoff marks, appearing in 18 games and scoring 8 points during Minnesota's run. After five seasons with the Wild, he became an unrestricted free agent and on July 1, 2006, he signed with the Tampa Bay Lightning. He left the Wild as the franchise's all-time leader in scoring among defencemen with 33 goals and 132 points in 357 games. During his time with Minnesota, he was named team captain on two occasions, in November 2001 and November 2005, as part of the Wild's monthly rotating captaincy system. Kuba represented the Wild along with teammate Dwayne Roloson in the 2004 All-Star game.
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Germans
The Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages. Legally, Germans are citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, about 66–75 million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Argentina, France, Russia, Chile, Poland, Australia and Romania who most likely are not native speakers of German. Thus, the total number of Germans worldwide lies between 66 and 160 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).
Today, peoples from countries with a German-speaking majority or significant German-speaking population groups other than Germany, such as Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Luxembourg, have developed their own national identity and usually do not refer to themselves as "Germans" in a modern context.
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Hermann Zwierzina
Hermann Zwierzina (12 October 1825, Třemošnice, Bohemia – 19 June 1873, Mariánské Lázně) was the first mayor of Ostrava 1861–1864 .
He was born the only son of metal works owner Josef Zwierzina. During 1836–1840 he studied on the German gymnasium in Olomouc. Then he studied on the Vienna polytechnical school. In 1844 he began working as a mining clerk in the Rothschild mines in the Ostrava region. In 1858, upon his fathers death, he took over managing his father's two mines.
He entered local politics in the 1860s, being elected the first mayor of Moravská Ostrava in 1861 .He also served as a member of the provincial assembly in Brno. During his tenure, he attempted to open an intermediate school, but he was unsuccessful. He did not candidate again in 1865. He was succeeded by Alois Anderka.
He died in Mariánské Lázně, due to typhoid fever on 19 July 1873. His remains were transferred to Moravská Ostrava and were interred at the cemetery four days later.
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Ivan Lendl
Ivan Lendl (born March 7, 1960) is a former world no. 1 professional tennis player. Originally from Czechoslovakia, he became a United States citizen in 1992. He was one of the game's most dominant players in the 1980s and remained a top competitor into the early 1990s. He is considered to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time. Lendl captured eight Grand Slam singles titles. He competed in 19 Grand Slam singles finals, record surpassed by Roger Federer in 2009. He reached at least one Grand Slam final for 11 consecutive years, a record shared with Pete Sampras, with the male primacy of 8 consecutive finals in a slam tournament (a record shared with Bill Tilden at US Open). Before the formation of the ATP Lendl reached a record 12 year-end championships (equaled by John McEnroe). He won two WCT Finals titles and five Masters Grand Prix titles, with the record of 9 consecutive finals. He also won a record 22 Championship Series titles (1980–89) the precursors to the current ATP Masters 1000. Lendl first attained the world no. 1 ranking on February 28, 1983 and bolstered his claim to the top spot when he defeated John McEnroe in the 1984 French Open final. For much of the next five years, Lendl was the top ranked player until August 1990 (with a break from September 1988 to January 1989 when Mats Wilander was at the top). He finished four years ranked as the world's top player (1985–1987 and 1989) and was ranked no. 1 for a total of 270 weeks and set a new record previously held by Jimmy Connors, since broken by Pete Sampras and Roger Federer. In 2011 he became Andy Murray's coach.
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Jan Balabán
Jan Balabán (29 January 1961 – 23 April 2010) was a Czech writer, journalist, and translator. He was considered an existentialist whose works often dealt with the wretched and desperate aspects of the human condition.
Born in Sumperk, North Moravia, Czechoslovakia, Balaban moved with his family to Ostrava when he was a year old. He graduated from Palacký University, Olomouc with a degree from the Department of Philosophy. Following graduation, he visited England, Canada and the United States. In 1984 he had a two-month internship at Kings College in Scotland. His first serious publication was a book of short stories – “The Middle Ages” (1985). He then worked as a technical translator at the Vítkovice ironworks and later as a freelance translator and journalist, making regular contributions to the magazine Respekt. He also translated the works of H. P. Lovecraft and Terry Eagleton. In the 1990s, he, along with Petr Hruška, participated in publishing the magazine Landek. Speaking of his steel-town home city, he recalled William Faulkner (to whom he was compared), saying: “If you write about a place, you not only love it, but find much to hate.” Also a connoisseur of the arts, Balabán's knowledge allowed him to write articles and essays for relevant art journals, exhibitions, catalogs and newspapers. A founding member of the group Prirozeni (The Natural – founded 1980), Balabán helped proliferate the underground arts community and rehabilitate the urban landscape by organizing exhibitions in attics, hallways, in subways and on slag heaps in the suburbs of Ostrava. One of Balabán's most important works, Možná že odcházíme (It May Be That We Go), is a collection of twenty stories in a hundred pages that deals with characters inspired by people from his home city and the difficult periods in their lives as they suffer disappointments and failures at work and home.
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Jan Veselý
Jan Veselý (born April 24, 1990) is a Czech professional basketball player who plays for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). At 6 ft 11 in (2.11 m), 240 lbs. (108.9 kg), Veselý can play both the small forward and power forward positions. After deciding not to enter the 2010 NBA Draft, he was selected sixth in 2011 NBA Draft by the Washington Wizards.
Veselý was born on April 24, 1990 in Ostrava (Czechoslovakia then, Czech Republic now). His father, Jan, is a former basketball player, and his mother a former volleyball player. Veselý's younger sister, and his girlfriend Eva are both basketball players. Reportedly, he is fluent in Czech, Slovenian, Serbian and English.
Veselý began playing basketball with the youth clubs of Příbor and BK Snakes Ostrava in the Czech Republic. He joined Geoplin Slovan in 2007. He then moved to KK Partizan in 2008. He won nine club trophies with the club, and also reached the 2009–10 Euroleague Final Four. In 2010, Veselý was presented the FIBA Europe Young Men's Player of the Year Award. At his last match with Partizan, the final of the 2010–11 Serbian League, the team captain Petar Božić let Veselý lift the winning trophy, while the audience gave him a standing ovation.
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Jaromír Nohavica
Jaromír Nohavica or Jarek Nohavica (born 7 June 1953, Ostrava) is a Czech songwriter, lyricist, and poet.
He was born in Ostrava and has played guitar since he was 13. He began studying at the Technical University of Ostrava but eventually left the school. He tried various jobs and eventually ended up working as a freelance lyricist. He gained fame with his first song for Marie Rottrová, Lásko, voníš deštěm (You Smell of Rain, My Love; actually a cover version of the song She's Gone by Black Sabbath). He lives in Ostrava with his wife and two children.
In 1982 he started performing in public, a sound decision in that a number of his songs gained wide popularity. His first album, Darmoděj (The Wastrel), released in 1988, sold out immediately. An aura of myth arose around Nohavica which survived even the crisis period of his treatment for alcoholism. He subsequently released the lovely, slightly pessimistic Mikymauzoleum (Mickey Mausoleum), an album of mainly melancholy songs. In 1994 he recorded a live album, Tři čuníci (Three Piglets), intended for children, with humoristic songs.
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Karel Loprais
Karel Loprais, born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, on March 4, 1949, is a Czech rally raid driver and multiple winner of the Rally Paris-Dakar in the truck category.
He started to work in Tatra Kopřivnice in 1967 as a factory worker, later became test driver. He competed with Tatra 815 truck on Dakar Rally for first time in 1986. He competed 17 times and claimed six titles (1988, 1994, 1995, 1998, 1999, 2001), five second places and one third place. After his second victory in 1994, some media started to call him Monsieur Dakar.[citation needed]
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Kateřina Baďurová
Kateřina Baďurová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈkatɛr̝ɪna ˈbaɟurovaː]) (born 18 December 1982 in Ostrava) is a Czech former pole vaulter.
She finished twelfth at the 2004 Olympic Games. She also competed at the 2004 World Indoor Championships and the European Championships in 2002 and 2006 without reaching the finals.
Her best success came at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics in Osaka, Japan, where she took silver for 4.75 m vault, setting new Czech national record. She took early retirement from the sport due to a serious rupture of the ligament in her left knee. After retirement, she planned to continue in the field of child physiotherapy and marry her long-term partner Tomáš Janků.
In 2010, Baďurová married Czech high jumper, Tomáš Janků.
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Luděk Mikloško
Luděk "Ludo" Mikloško (born 9 December 1961 in Prostějov) is a Czech retired football goalkeeper.
Mikloško started his career in his native Czechoslovakia with Baník Ostrava. His talent was noted by West Ham United manager Lou Macari who signed him on 19 February 1990, just before his resignation and the appointment of Billy Bonds as his successor, for a fee of £300,000.
A brave and excellent shot stopper with a huge clearance kick, he went on to play 374 times for the team. He was named Hammer of the Year in 1991 - the year that West Ham were promoted to the First Division as Second Division runners-up, and also reached the FA Cup semi finals. Although the Hammers were relegated the following season and missed out on being founder members of the new FA Premier League in 1992, he helped them win promotion back to the top flight at the first attempt - beginning a 10-year unbroken spell at this level, although during Miklosko's time at the club they never finished higher than eighth (in his final season).
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Marek Jankulovski
Marek Jankulovski (born 9 May 1977) is a former Czech footballer. His most notable achievements include winning the UEFA Champions League with A.C. Milan and being voted the 2007 Czech Footballer of the Year.
He was well known for his versatility being able to play anywhere up the left wing. He was also known for his ability to cross the ball and his considerable technical ability.
Jankulovski started his career for Baník Ostrava. In 1994 he made a breakthrough into the first team and the season concludes with a third place in league. Between 1995 and 1997 remains in the team Jankulovski czech , who does not live exciting season ending tournament in the middle of the ranking. In the 1997-1998 season the team came fourth in the Gambrinus Liga . Jankulovski start to have increased chance to succeed baníkovského AAA season came in 1996/97 due to its performance and immediately asked for a place in the first team. Rarely missed the starting line-up, although he was criticized for his poor defensive work. Also regularly played in the reserve representative selections. It remains to Ostrava until 2000, when he was noticed by the Naples and then moves to Italy. In total the team with 110 games czech dispute [4] in the league.
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Marek Malík
Marek Malík (born June 24, 1975) is a Czech professional ice hockey defenceman who is currently playing for HC Vítkovice Steel of the Czech Extraliga. Malík played in the National Hockey League from 1998 to 2009. He is best known for a highlight reel shootout goal while with the New York Rangers.
After playing with TJ Vitkovice Jr. in the Czech junior league, Malík was drafted 72nd overall by the Hartford Whalers in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He played one season for HC Vítkovice of the Czech Extraliga before joining the Whalers' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Springfield Falcons, in 1994–95. He played the better part of two seasons with the Falcons before earning a roster spot with the Whalers because of Adam Burelle.
While the Whalers' franchise relocated to Raleigh, North Carolina in 1997–98 to become the Carolina Hurricanes, Malík played in the Swedish Elitserien with the Malmö Redhawks. He returned to the NHL the following season with the Hurricanes. In 2001–02, Malík recorded a career-high 23 points. The following season, his ninth with the Whalers/Hurricanes franchise, Malík was traded to the Vancouver Canucks along with Darren Langdon in exchange for Jan Hlaváč and Harold Druken. He completed his second season with the Canucks, in 2003–04, as co-recipient of the NHL Plus/Minus Award (shared with Martin St. Louis of the Tampa Bay Lightning) with a +35 rating.
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Max Walter
Max Walter (born 1899 – died 1945) was a Slovak chess master.
Born in Pressburg (Pozsony, Bratislava), then Austria–Hungary, he began his chess career in Czechoslovakia, after World War I.
Max Walter won Czechoslovak Chess Championship at Pardubice 1923. In other tournaments, he took 2nd, behind Endre Steiner, at Piešťany (Pistyan) 1922, took 14th at Ostrava (Mährisch-Ostrau) 1923 (Emanuel Lasker won), tied for 6-7th at Györ 1924 (Hungarian Championship, Géza Nagy won), tied for 6-7th at Bratislava 1925 (Richard Réti won), and shared 2nd, behind Réti, at Kolin 1925 (Quadrangular).
He won, ahead of Balázs Sárközy, at Budapest 1926, tied for 10-11th at Bardejov (Bartfeld) 1926 (Hermanis Matisons and Savielly Tartakower won), tied for 7-9th at Trenčianske Teplice (Trentschin-Teplitz) 1926 (Boris Kostić and Karl Gilg won), shared 1st, but took 2nd place at České Budějovice 1927 (CSR-ch, Karel Opočenský won), took 4th at Znojmo 1927 (Opočensky won), tied for 7-8th at Trenčianske Teplice 1928 (Kostić won), took 10th at Brno 1928 (Fritz Sämisch and Réti won), tied for 4-5th at Liptovský Svätý Ján 1930, took 3rd at Prague 1931 (CSR-ch, Leo Zobel won), tied for 10-11th at Sliač (Bad Sliac) 1932 (Salo Flohr and Milan Vidmar won), and took 8th at Teplice (Teplitz-Schönau) 1937 (Gilg won).
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Nessa Devil
Nessa Devil is the stage name of Nikola Jirásková (born December 9, 1988), a Czech pornographic actress.
Nessa Devil is a Czech porn performer. She first appeared in Pierre Woodman castings. She signed with Woodman Entertainment in 2007 at the age of 18. She performed in Drunk Sex Orgy, that was nominated for the AVN Awards for Best Orgy/Gangbang Release and Best Orgy/Gangbang Series. She has appeared in a wide range of genres in pornographic films, including, but not limited to, solo scenes (masturbation with and without the use of a dildo), softcore scenes, vaginal sex, anal sex and peeing. Devil has been labeled by Hispanic press as the new superstar of the adult film industry.
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Ota Filip
This article is on the Czech novelist, there is a minor actor by the name Ota Filip who is not the same person
Ota Filip (born 9 May 1930 in Slezská Ostrava, in the present-day Czech Republic), is a Czech novelist and journalist. He has written in both German and Czech. His novels have also been translated into French, Italian, Spanish and Polish. During the communist era government of Czechoslovakia his works were banned or censored by the authorities, and this has been cited as the reason that he moved to Germany in 1974.
Ota Filip's work is cited as focusing on the themes of the migrant or dislocated individual by critics such as Dorothea Uhle.
He has been awarded the The Adelbert von Chamisso-Preis for German writing by a non-native German speaker.
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Petr Bezruč
Petr Bezruč (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpɛtr̩ ˈbɛzrutʃ]) was the pseudonym of Vladimír Vašek ([ˈvlaɟɪmiːr ˈvaʃɛk]; September 15, 1867 – February 17, 1958), a Czech poet and short story writer who was associated with the region of Austrian Silesia.
Bezruč was born in Opava and died in Olomouc.
Poetry
Prose
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Petr Kalus
Petr Kalus (born June 29, 1987 in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech professional ice hockey player currently playing with Modo Hockey of the Swedish Elitserien.
Kalus played three years of junior hockey with HC Vítkovice in the Czech Republic before coming to play for the Regina Pats. Kalus was drafted in the second round, 39th overall, in the 2005 NHL Entry Draft by the Boston Bruins. In his first season playing North American hockey, Kalus led the Pats in scoring with 58 points in 60 games. He then signed a three-year entry level contract with the Bruins on May 8, 2006.
In the 2006–07 season, Kalus played 43 games for the Providence Bruins of the American Hockey League (AHL) with 30 points. He also played nine games for the Boston Bruins with five points. In Kalus' Bruins games, he scored on his first three shots, a feat previously not done in the NHL since 1996.
On June 30, 2007, Kalus was traded by the Bruins, along with a fourth-round pick to the Minnesota Wild for goaltender Manny Fernandez. He was assigned to the Houston Aeros of the AHL. At the start of the 2008–09 season on October 18, 2008, Kalus left the Houston Aeros to play for HC MVD of the KHL, with the Wild retaining Kalus' rights through June 30, 2010.
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Petr Šnapka
Petr Šnapka (1943 in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech economist.
Šnapka graduated 1967 from the VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava (VŠB-TUO) at Faculty of Mining and Geology (FMG) in the field of Economics and Organization in the mining industry. 1967/1968 he works as system analyst at OKD computer center in Ostrava. 1969 he became Assistant Professor for research at VŠB-TUO (FMG), from 1971 to 1976 as Assistant Professor for economics (FMG). 1972 he earned his Ph.D. in the field of economics of industrial sectors at the VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava.
1978 Petr Šnapka became Associate Professor at Department of Economics and Management; 1986 he was appointed to Head of Department of Economics and Management in the Mining Industry. After making his habilitation treatise (DrSc.) in 1989 he was appointed 1990 to Full Professor and Head of Economics and Management at the Faculty Mining and Geology (FMG). Since 1996 he taught as a professor at the VŠB-TUO at the Faculty of Economics in the Department of Management. He was long-time Dean at the "Institute of doctoral and managerial studies" (IDMS) at TUO. He is member of the academic council of School of Business Administration in Karvina, part of the Silesian University in Opava.
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Poles
The Polish people, or Poles (Polish: Polacy [pɔˈlat͡sɨ]; singular: Polak), are a nation indigenous to Poland. They speak the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe. The Polish word for a Polish person is "Polak" (masculine) and "Polka" (feminine).
The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizens of Poland. Poland's inhabitants live in the following historic regions of the country: Wielkopolska, Małopolska, Mazovia, Pomerania, Warmia, Mazury, Podlasie, Kujawy and Silesia. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora exists throughout Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine), the Americas (the United States, Brazil and Argentina) and Australia. Chicago, in the United States, has the world's largest urban Polish population after Warsaw.
Over a thousand years ago, the Polans of Giecz, Gniezno and Poznań — an influential tribe in Wielkopolska — succeeded in uniting Lechitic tribes under what became the Piast dynasty, thus giving rise to the Polish state.
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Richard Šmehlík
Richard Šmehlík (born January 23, 1970) is a Czech former National Hockey League defenceman. He was drafted in the fifth round, 97th overall, by the Buffalo Sabres in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft.
Šmehlík joined the Sabres for the 1992–93 season, and played there for nine seasons. He left via free agency for the Atlanta Thrashers before the 2002–03 season.
At the trade deadline of the 2002–03 season, Šmehlík was traded to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for a draft pick. Šmehlík would go on to win the Stanley Cup that season with the Devils. He retired following the season.
In his NHL career, Šmehlík appeared in 644 games, tallying 49 goals and adding 146 assists. He also appeared in 88 playoff games, scoring 1 goal and recording 14 assists.
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Roman Polák
Roman Polák (born April 28, 1986) is a professional Czech ice hockey defenceman who currently plays for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League.
Polak was drafted in the 6th round, 180th overall, in the 2004 NHL Entry Draft by the St. Louis Blues. After playing in the Western Hockey League in the 2004–05 season with the Kootenay Ice he returned to his native Czech Republic to make his professional debut with HC Vitkovice of the Czech Extraliga.
In the 2006–07 season, Polak returned to North America and appeared in his first NHL game on October 9, 2006 against the Anaheim Ducks. After two seasons between the Blues and affiliate, the Peoria Rivermen, Polak made the starting roster for the Blues in the 2008–09 season.
Polak scored his first NHL goal in his 57th game on December 20, 2008, against the Minnesota Wild. Roman finished the season with 15 points in 69 games and was re-signed by the Blues to a two-year contract on July 24, 2009.
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Tarra White
Tarra White (born on 19 November 1987 in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, as Martina Mrakviová) is an award-winning Czech pornographic actress. She is a contract performer for Private Media Group.
At the age of five, Tarra White wanted to be a stripper when she grew up and would practice stripping in her bedroom. By age thirteen, she aspired to be a porn star and practiced posing with her mother's high heel shoes. Her mother caught her practicing and was unhappy when she learned about her daughter's ambitions. Tarra White first had sex at the age of 16.
Tarra White entered the adult industry on her eighteenth birthday while still in high school. She shot her first scene with Robert Rosenberg in public in front of the University of Prague. She was so stressed about being naked in front of many people in the middle of the street that she kept forgetting to look at the camera.
Tarra White wrote a blog for the Private Sexclusive series that is updated bi-weekly with news and photos.
Since May 2008, Tarra White, as Martina Mrakviová, is one of anchors in "Red News" (a program where female anchors strip as they read the news, similar to Naked News), on a website operated by Czech TV Nova.
wn.com/Tarra_White -
Tomáš Čermák
Tomáš Čermák (born February 8, 1943 in Ostrava) is a Czech engineer and rector of VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava (VŠB-TUO).
Tomáš Čermák graduated in 1964 from Brno University of Technology at the faculty of electrical engineering. From 1964 to 1968 he worked as an engineer for the Vitkovice Steel Company. In 1968 he became senior researcher at the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava. In 1981 he became an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering. In 1974 he earned his Ph.D. in the field of electrical drives at the Brno University of Technology.
From 1977 to 1990 Čermák was deputy head, head and vice-dean of the Department of Electrical Machines and Drives at VŠB – TUO. In 1991 he earned a full professorship.
Čermák was rector of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava from 1990 to 1997, and vice-rector for R&D and Foreign Affairs from 1997 to 2003. He serves as the rector of VŠB – TUO since 2003.
Čermák is a member of numerous national and international committees, such as vice-president of Czech Universities Council, Member of General Assembly of Czech Academy of Science (AVČR) and founding member of the Czech Engineering Academy (IAČR) and International Centre for Eyecare Education (ICEE). He is also consultant for the Czech government as a member of the State Committee for Scientific Degrees and Chairman of Engineering Division of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (GAČR).
wn.com/Tomáš_Čermák -
Viktor Kolář
Viktor Kolář (born 7 September 1941) is a Czech photographer, an important exponent of documentary photography. In his works, Kolář focuses mainly on depicting urban life in the Ostrava region.
Kolář was born in 1941 in Ostrava. His father, a self-taught filmmaker and photographer, was the owner of a photo studio and photo shop, which was one of the important factors that led his young son to photography.
wn.com/Viktor_Kolář -
Věra Chytilová
Věra Chytilová (born 2 February 1929, Ostrava) is an avant-garde Czech film director and pioneer of Czech cinema. Banned by the Czechoslovakian government in the 1960s, she is best known for her Czech New Wave film, Sedmikrásky (Daisies). Her 1987 film Vlčí bouda was entered into the 37th Berlin International Film Festival.
Věra Chytilová was born in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia on February 2, 1929. She had a strict Catholic upbringing. However this religious upbringing greatly influenced many of the moral questions presented in her films.
While attending college she initially studied philosophy and architecture, but abandoned these fields. She then worked as a draftsman, fashion model and as a photo re-toucher before working as a clapper girl for the Barrandov Film Studios in Prague. She then sought a recommendation from Barrandov Film Studios to study film production but was denied. However regardless of this she was then accepted into the Film and TV School of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (FAMU) at the age of 28. While attending FAMU she studied underneath renowned film director Otakar Vavra graduating in 1962.
wn.com/Věra_Chytilová
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Ruda z Ostravy feat. Martina Pártlová - OSTRAVA !!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Ruda z Ostravy natočil zatím asi jeho největší pecku a to song Ostrava!!! Video mu ovšem bylo na youtube i na streamu smazáno a důvod smazání můžete slyšet v jeho novém protest-songu Veřejný Nepřítel, kde popisuje závist úspěchů slavných lidí apod. I přesto, že tento song nenahradil hymnu Ostravy od Jaromíra Nohavici, je tento videoklip oblíbený a Ruda díky němu získal nespočet fanoušků, oblíbenosti ale taky i tkzv. haterů. Video natočil společně s Martinou Partlovou, která svým hlasem dodala songu ten správný říz! Vídeoklip je perfektně provedený co se týče kvality zpracování a Ruda zdůraznil, že mu ho v "Njů Jorku" čorkli, přepsali a udělali vlastní song. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Video bylo převzato ze stránky www.stream.cz Oficiální Kanál (channel) Rudy z Ostravy www.youtube.com Copyright © Janek Rubes a United Labels, SE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://wn.com/Ruda_z_Ostravy_feat_Martina_Pártlová_OSTRAVA_!!!
Ruda z Ostravy natočil zatím asi jeho největší pecku a to song Ostrava!!! Video mu ovšem bylo na youtube i na streamu smazáno a důvod smazání můžete slyšet v jeho novém protest-songu Veřejný Nepřítel, kde popisuje závist úspěchů slavných lidí apod. I přesto, že tento song nenahradil hymnu Ostravy od Jaromíra Nohavici, je tento videoklip oblíbený a Ruda díky němu získal nespočet fanoušků, oblíbenosti ale taky i tkzv. haterů. Video natočil společně s Martinou Partlovou, která svým hlasem dodala songu ten správný říz! Vídeoklip je perfektně provedený co se týče kvality zpracování a Ruda zdůraznil, že mu ho v "Njů Jorku" čorkli, přepsali a udělali vlastní song. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Video bylo převzato ze stránky www.stream.cz Oficiální Kanál (channel) Rudy z Ostravy www.youtube.com Copyright © Janek Rubes a United Labels, SE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Jiri Wimmer - Bezruc - Ostrava (ENG subtitles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
This video is about czech poet "Petr Bezruc" and his poem called "Ostrava". He smoked 80 cigarettes per day, that's the reason, why is he caughing and wheezing. :)
http://wn.com/Jiri_Wimmer_Bezruc_Ostrava_ENG_subtitles
This video is about czech poet "Petr Bezruc" and his poem called "Ostrava". He smoked 80 cigarettes per day, that's the reason, why is he caughing and wheezing. :)
- published: 24 Oct 2006
- views: 662992
- author: BajoMETAL
Nohavica - Ostravo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Jarek Nohavica - Ostravo recorded live at Ostrava - Karolina hall 2006-06-29
http://wn.com/Nohavica_Ostravo
Jarek Nohavica - Ostravo recorded live at Ostrava - Karolina hall 2006-06-29
- published: 07 Feb 2007
- views: 2219816
- author: pidzej78
Trams in Ostrava (Czech Republic)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Just a few trams
http://wn.com/Trams_in_Ostrava_Czech_Republic
Ostrava GOLDEN SPIKE 2010 - 300m Men - USAIN BOLT won in 30.97 sec MR!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Usain Bolt, the famous athlete from Jamaica won 300 m in 30.97 sec - meeting record! World record in holding by Michael Johnson is 30.85 sec. Usain showed his best - I don't know, when he was tired after the event like today.
http://wn.com/Ostrava_GOLDEN_SPIKE_2010_300m_Men_USAIN_BOLT_won_in_3097_sec_MR!
Usain Bolt, the famous athlete from Jamaica won 300 m in 30.97 sec - meeting record! World record in holding by Michael Johnson is 30.85 sec. Usain showed his best - I don't know, when he was tired after the event like today.
- published: 27 May 2010
- views: 281049
- author: swedenCZ
Andalusian Horses @ Lorenzo Horse Show OSTRAVA!!! 1#
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:49
- Updated: 15 Dec 2012
Christmas Spanish School 2009 in Ostrava!!!. Our guests in Ostrava this year the French acrobatic rider Lorenzo and the Real Escuela Andaluza Del Arte Ecuestre (Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art) are renowned throughout the equestrian world, and can only accept a fraction of the invitations they receive. The Escuela has never before performed in the Czech lands, and it will be a very long time before it does so again. The cost of their performance is astronomical. As for Lorenzo, he appears to break the laws of physics in his amazing gravity-defying performances. For more on this sublimely talented artist, visit www.lorenzo.fr . Lorenzo jumps incredible obstacles at a galop while standing on his 8 grey Lusitano horses. Called "The Flying Frenchman," Lorenzo perfects his routines on the beach near his home town of Saintes Maries de la Mer in southern France. His popularity has led this equestrian prodigy to perform at many prestigious venues, including the World Jumping Championships in Calgary. For more, visit www.lorenzo.fr and www.realescuela.org Julianne W. Lessing, author
http://wn.com/Andalusian_Horses_@_Lorenzo_Horse_Show_OSTRAVA!!!_1_
Christmas Spanish School 2009 in Ostrava!!!. Our guests in Ostrava this year the French acrobatic rider Lorenzo and the Real Escuela Andaluza Del Arte Ecuestre (Royal Andalusian School of Equestrian Art) are renowned throughout the equestrian world, and can only accept a fraction of the invitations they receive. The Escuela has never before performed in the Czech lands, and it will be a very long time before it does so again. The cost of their performance is astronomical. As for Lorenzo, he appears to break the laws of physics in his amazing gravity-defying performances. For more on this sublimely talented artist, visit www.lorenzo.fr . Lorenzo jumps incredible obstacles at a galop while standing on his 8 grey Lusitano horses. Called "The Flying Frenchman," Lorenzo perfects his routines on the beach near his home town of Saintes Maries de la Mer in southern France. His popularity has led this equestrian prodigy to perform at many prestigious venues, including the World Jumping Championships in Calgary. For more, visit www.lorenzo.fr and www.realescuela.org Julianne W. Lessing, author
- published: 08 Dec 2009
- views: 37235
- author: MrFrais
Stars training in Ostrava
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 14 Dec 2012
First training before Ostrava Golden Spike 2012. One time, one place, training for Usain Bolt, Wallace Spearmon, Darvis Patton, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Sanya Richards-Ross...
http://wn.com/Stars_training_in_Ostrava
First training before Ostrava Golden Spike 2012. One time, one place, training for Usain Bolt, Wallace Spearmon, Darvis Patton, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Sanya Richards-Ross...
- published: 23 May 2012
- views: 23649
- author: zlatatretra
Jean Michel Jarre Live @ CEZ Arena Ostrava 2009.05.05 13of13
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Jean Michel Jarre Live concert (World Arena Tour) @ CEZ Arena Ostrava Czech republic - 2009.05.05 - part 13 of 13
http://wn.com/Jean_Michel_Jarre_Live_@_CEZ_Arena_Ostrava_20090505_13of13
Jean Michel Jarre Live concert (World Arena Tour) @ CEZ Arena Ostrava Czech republic - 2009.05.05 - part 13 of 13
- published: 09 May 2009
- views: 260999
- author: boddhis
Live From Ostrava!!! The Grand Slam Latin!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 168:49
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Live stream from the CEZ Arena in Ostrava, CEZ, as a recording. It covers Round 3, the Semi-Final and the Final. The Final takes up the last 45 minutes. Results and additional information can be found on www.worlddancesport.org
http://wn.com/Live_From_Ostrava!!!_The_Grand_Slam_Latin!
Live stream from the CEZ Arena in Ostrava, CEZ, as a recording. It covers Round 3, the Semi-Final and the Final. The Final takes up the last 45 minutes. Results and additional information can be found on www.worlddancesport.org
- published: 02 Oct 2011
- views: 7793
- author: DanceSportTotal
Ostrava Golden Spike 2011-Veronica Campbell Brown wins W100m in 10.76s.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:04
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
Veronica Campbell Brown blows away the field in 10.76s.
http://wn.com/Ostrava_Golden_Spike_2011-Veronica_Campbell_Brown_wins_W100m_in_1076s
Veronica Campbell Brown blows away the field in 10.76s.
- published: 31 May 2011
- views: 59221
- author: Cam9417
2011 Grand Slam Latin Ostrava: The Semi-Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:35
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
The semi-final of the 2011 WDSF Grand Slam Latin Ostrava, CZE, on 1 October.
http://wn.com/2011_Grand_Slam_Latin_Ostrava_The_Semi-Final
The semi-final of the 2011 WDSF Grand Slam Latin Ostrava, CZE, on 1 October.
- published: 05 Oct 2011
- views: 19658
- author: DanceSportTotal
CHORUS OSTRAVA - Nebeští Kavalérové
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:48
- Updated: 08 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/CHORUS_OSTRAVA_Nebeští_Kavalérové
2011 GS Latin Ostrava Final: Aniello Langella & Khrystyna Moshenska
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:03
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
WDSF 2011 Grand Slam Latin in Ostrava, CZE. The Final with Aniello Langella & Khrystyna Moshenska Images & Réalisation: Marius Mutin Production ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
http://wn.com/2011_GS_Latin_Ostrava_Final_Aniello_Langella_Khrystyna_Moshenska
WDSF 2011 Grand Slam Latin in Ostrava, CZE. The Final with Aniello Langella & Khrystyna Moshenska Images & Réalisation: Marius Mutin Production ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
- published: 14 Oct 2011
- views: 17439
- author: Marius Mutin
IFMXF Ostrava - Freestyle Moto Cross - Night of the Jumps 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:37
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Back after the summer break! In Libors home country! IFMXF Ostrava - Freestyle Moto Cross - Night of the Jumps 2010
http://wn.com/IFMXF_Ostrava_Freestyle_Moto_Cross_Night_of_the_Jumps_2010
Back after the summer break! In Libors home country! IFMXF Ostrava - Freestyle Moto Cross - Night of the Jumps 2010
- published: 15 Dec 2010
- views: 13596
- author: wwwrebeltv
![Demon's Souls - Ostrava and the Dragons [Ep. 3]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130103151507im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/YCoYuhLTCeQ/default.jpg "Demon's Souls - Ostrava and the Dragons [Ep. 3]")
Demon's Souls - Ostrava and the Dragons [Ep. 3]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:02
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
Demon's Souls Episode #3 "Ostrava and the Dragons" Share, Like and leave a comment! Website ► rurikhan.com Facebook ► http Twitter ► twitter.rurikhan.com Google+ ► http Digg ► digg.com
http://wn.com/Demon's_Souls_Ostrava_and_the_Dragons_Ep_3_
Demon's Souls Episode #3 "Ostrava and the Dragons" Share, Like and leave a comment! Website ► rurikhan.com Facebook ► http Twitter ► twitter.rurikhan.com Google+ ► http Digg ► digg.com
- published: 23 Mar 2012
- views: 8149
- author: Rurikain
Deep Purple - Burn (Live in Ostrava 1991 with Joe Lynn Turner) HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:22
- Updated: 30 Dec 2012
Burn Live in Ostrava Czechoslovakia 4th February 1991 Bootleg
http://wn.com/Deep_Purple_Burn_Live_in_Ostrava_1991_with_Joe_Lynn_Turner_HD
Burn Live in Ostrava Czechoslovakia 4th February 1991 Bootleg
- published: 12 Dec 2011
- views: 9966
- author: maxxblade
Ostrava Golden Spike 2011- Usain Bolt wins M100m in in 9.91s
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 01 Sep 2012
Usain Bolt wins in 9.91s to win the mens 100m.
http://wn.com/Ostrava_Golden_Spike_2011_Usain_Bolt_wins_M100m_in_in_991s
Demon's Souls With James - PT 2 - Ostrava of Boletaria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:56
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Mitch Continues to help James as he enters the first stage of the game. For the best gaming news, visit GameFront.com - brk.to Facebook - brk.to Twitter - brk.to
http://wn.com/Demon's_Souls_With_James_PT_2_Ostrava_of_Boletaria
Mitch Continues to help James as he enters the first stage of the game. For the best gaming news, visit GameFront.com - brk.to Facebook - brk.to Twitter - brk.to
- published: 19 Jul 2012
- views: 10659
- author: GameFrontDotCom
![Demon's Souls - Ostrava's Demise and Old King Doran [Ep. 33]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130103151507im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/WCrSUSg8z1w/default.jpg "Demon's Souls - Ostrava's Demise and Old King Doran [Ep. 33]")
Demon's Souls - Ostrava's Demise and Old King Doran [Ep. 33]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 31:02
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
Demon's Souls Episode #33 "Ostrava's Demise and Old King Doran" Share, Like and leave a comment! Music by Lost Within and Brad Sucks in this video. Website ► rurikhan.com Facebook ► http Twitter ► twitter.rurikhan.com Google+ ► http Digg ► digg.com
http://wn.com/Demon's_Souls_Ostrava's_Demise_and_Old_King_Doran_Ep_33_
Demon's Souls Episode #33 "Ostrava's Demise and Old King Doran" Share, Like and leave a comment! Music by Lost Within and Brad Sucks in this video. Website ► rurikhan.com Facebook ► http Twitter ► twitter.rurikhan.com Google+ ► http Digg ► digg.com
- published: 30 May 2012
- views: 6259
- author: Rurikain
FC Boby Brno-Baník Ostrava 3:0(1999)o fans
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:00
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
report o fans
http://wn.com/FC_Boby_Brno-Baník_Ostrava_301999o_fans
Usain Bolt - Ostrava Golden Spike 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Usain Bolt confirmed his special appearance at 49th Ostrava Golden Spike Meeting on May 27 in Czech Republic. This is a flashback to last year's Ostrav Golden Spike.
http://wn.com/Usain_Bolt_Ostrava_Golden_Spike_2009
Usain Bolt confirmed his special appearance at 49th Ostrava Golden Spike Meeting on May 27 in Czech Republic. This is a flashback to last year's Ostrav Golden Spike.
- published: 17 Mar 2010
- views: 35172
- author: zlatatretra
2011 GS Latin Ostrava Final: Marius-Andrei Balan & Nina Bezzubova
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:59
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
WDSF 2011 Grand Slam Latin in Ostrava, CZE. The Final with Marius-Andrei Balan & Nina Bezzubova Images & Réalisation: Marius Mutin Production ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
http://wn.com/2011_GS_Latin_Ostrava_Final_Marius-Andrei_Balan_Nina_Bezzubova
WDSF 2011 Grand Slam Latin in Ostrava, CZE. The Final with Marius-Andrei Balan & Nina Bezzubova Images & Réalisation: Marius Mutin Production ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
- published: 12 Oct 2011
- views: 18911
- author: Marius Mutin
Ostrava GOLDEN SPIKE 2010 - 100m Men - Asafa Powell won in 9.83 sec MR!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Another fast athlete from Jamaica won in the meeting record - 9.83 (beaten himself, 9.85 in the past). One man show on the wet track.
http://wn.com/Ostrava_GOLDEN_SPIKE_2010_100m_Men_Asafa_Powell_won_in_983_sec_MR!
Another fast athlete from Jamaica won in the meeting record - 9.83 (beaten himself, 9.85 in the past). One man show on the wet track.
- published: 27 May 2010
- views: 61619
- author: swedenCZ
photo: AP / Emanuel Ekra
01 Jan 2013
INZA BAKAYOKO. Associated Press= ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast (AP) — A crowd stampeded after leaving a New Year's fireworks show early Tuesday in Ivory Coast's commercial center, killing 61 people — many of them youths — and injuring more than 200, rescue workers said. The death toll was expected to rise, the officials said ... Issa Sako of the fire department rescue team.....(size: 8.1Kb)
photo: AP / Ng Han Guan
02 Jan 2013
SEOUL -- In a domestically televised New Year's Day speech, North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un said he wanted to "remove confrontation" on this divided peninsula and called on "anti-reunification forces" in South Korea to cease their hostility toward the North. The lengthy address, which laid out the national goals for 2013, marked Mr ... Mr. Kim on Tuesday asked for a detente -- but with prerequisites that the conservative Ms ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
03 Jan 2013
A gang of men accused of repeatedly raping a 23-year-old student on a moving bus in New Delhi in a deadly crime that repulsed the nation are to appear in court today for the first time. A British tourist join others in a candlelight vigil to mourn the death of a gang rape victim, in Kolkata, India Photo. AP. 3.52AM GMT 03 Jan 2013 ... Police have ordered a bone test to determine his age and whether he can stand trial in an adult court....(size: 11.3Kb)
photo: AP / Felicia Fonseca
01 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. For good reason Mark Charles, a member of the Navajo Nation, is deeply offended that buried on page 45 of the 2010 Defense Appropriation Act (after pages on the maintenance and operation of the United States Military) is an "official" apology to Native American People ... political leaders and officials find it extremely difficult in expressing remorse for past mistakes ... Escorted by the U.S....(size: 5.6Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammad Sajjad
02 Jan 2013
ISLAMABAD -- Continuing a militant campaign of violence against aid workers in Pakistan, gunmen Tuesday shot dead seven Pakistani teachers and health workers, six of them women, police officials said. There was no immediate claim of responsibility ... The victims worked for the private Pakistani aid group Support With Working Solution, which works in the health and education sectors ... "One child, aged 7 to 8 years, miraculously survived." ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
noodls
03 Jan 2013
(Source. Česká spořitelna as) The ČS nemovitostní fond Appreciated by 2.3% Last Year. The appreciation of the ČS nemovitostní fond reached 2.3% in 2012 In the last three years, the fund's yield was 3.2% p.a ... Presently, the fund owns seven buildings, of which three are in Prague and one each in Brno, Ostrava, České Budějovice, and Bratislava ... Helena Matuszná. CS Press Officer. E-mail....(size: 2.6Kb)
Canberra Times
03 Jan 2013
ALICIA Molik and Rennae Stubbs are among the confirmed candidates for the Fed Cup captaincy vacated by David Taylor last month, with the possibility of a surprise late expression of interest from Tennis Australia's head of professional tennis, Todd Woodbridge ... Molik, the former world No ... The title campaign starts against the reigning champion, the Czech Republic, in Ostrava on February 9-10. ....(size: 3.2Kb)
noodls
01 Jan 2013
(Source. International Ice Hockey Federation) Brotherly but divided. 20 years after Velvet Divorce of Czechoslovakia. 01-01-13. David Vyborny and the late Pavol Demitra were the top players of the Czech and Slovak Republics in the 1993 World Juniors. Photos ... "That was very tough ... But a few weeks ago the Czechs said "ne," and they will host the 2015 tourney within their borders in Prague and Ostrava as proposed in the original bid ... (noodl....(size: 11.0Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
01 Jan 2013
IT'S going to be a big year in sport, and to make it a little easier for you sports nuts we've laid it all out here in front of you. Scroll down to find your favourite event.. JANUARY. 1-3 - Cycling. Mitchelton Bay Cycling Classic, Victoria. 2-6 - Squash. World Series Finals, The Queen's Club, England. 3-6 - Cycling. Herald Sun Tour, Victoria. 3-6 - Golf ... Fed Cup, World Group rd 1, Czech Republic v Australia, Ostrava, Czech Republic....(size: 31.1Kb)
noodls
31 Dec 2012
(Source. FIBA - International Basketball Federation). KRAKOW (Olympics/FIBA World Championship for Women) - There have been some tremendous players with long careers when it comes to USA women's basketball ... The 24-year-old center, Tina Charles, looks a sure bet to go down as one of the greats herself ... Charles averaged 10.7 points and 4.8 rebounds in 16.5 minutes in Ostrava and Karlovy Vary ... Charles does seem to be getting better ... FIBA....(size: 5.0Kb)
Stockhouse
21 Dec 2012
CTS Corporation (NYSE.CTS) today announced the acquisition of D&R Technology (D&R), a privately-held company with annual sales of approximately $50 million ... CTS acquired D&R for a cash purchase price of approximately $63.5 million ... The Company manufactures sensor and actuator products in Elkhart, Indiana; Toronto, Canada; Glasgow, Scotland; Ostrava, Czech Republic; Matamoros, Mexico; Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and Zhongshan, China....(size: 5.9Kb)
noodls
21 Dec 2012
(Source. CTS Corporation). newsrelease. CTS CORPORATION Elkhart, Indiana 46514 • 574-523-3800 . December 21, 2012. FOR RELEASE. Immediately. CTS Corporation Announces Acquisition of D&R; Technology, LLC ... The Company manufactures sensor and actuator products in Elkhart, Indiana; Toronto, Canada; Glasgow, Scotland; Ostrava, Czech Republic; Matamoros, Mexico; Kaohsiung, Taiwan; and Zhongshan, China....(size: 7.3Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
20 Dec 2012
Plebgate scandal shouldn't distract from the facts of the incident. 7.00AM GMT 20 Dec 2012. Comments. SIR – In the revival of plebgate (report, December 19), something seems to have been conveniently forgotten. Andrew Mitchell, the then Conservative chief whip, petulantly swore at a police officer, who was on duty protecting Downing Street ... Attempts are now being made to muddy the waters. Phil Lyon. Dundee ... Ostrava, Czech Republic ... ....(size: 19.0Kb)
The Examiner
19 Dec 2012
The powerhouse Americans went on to win the Olympic Gold medal with a 86-50 win over France ... In 2010 in Ostrava, Czech Republic, Team Canada had a 1-2 record in group A, but beat China 65-61 ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)
New Straits/Business Times
18 Dec 2012
TOUGH TASK. New MAU leadership has much to do to get sport back on track ... C. George. The revelations by the committee was so damning that MAU had no choice but to suspend Karim for a half-a-dozen years ... Iskandar Alwi nearly equalled the pole vault national record of 5.00m at the Thailand Open but Hup Wei at least claimed a share of the high jump indoor record of 2.15m with Lou Cwee Peng in January, doing so twice in Ostrava and Vienna ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)
The Guardian
14 Dec 2012
noodls
14 Dec 2012
(Source. International Ice Hockey Federation). Mark Scheifele is among the first-round draft picks and returnees on the Canadian team for the 2013 IIHF Ice Hockey U20 World Championship. Photo. JC Pinheiro / HHOF-IIHF Images ... On Thursday Team Canada became the most recent team to finalize its roster ... Nathan MacKinnon and Jonathan Drouin from the QMJHL's Halifax Mooseheads ... Canada ... Jan Stencel, Vitkovice Ostrava ... Erik Nemec, Vitkovice Ostrava....(size: 17.7Kb)
| Ostrava | |||
| City | |||
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| Country | Czech Republic | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Region | Moravian-Silesian | ||
| Little District | Ostrava | ||
| Parts |
23
- Hošťálkovice
- Hrabová - Krásné Pole - Lhotka - Mariánské Hory a Hulváky - Martinov - Michálkovice - Moravská Ostrava a Přívoz - Nová Bělá - Nová Ves - Ostrava-Jih - Petřkovice - Plesná - Polanka nad Odrou - Poruba - Proskovice - Pustkovec - Radvanice a Bartovice - Slezská Ostrava - Stará Bělá - Svinov - Třebovice - Vítkovice |
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| Center | Masarykovo náměstí | ||
| - elevation | 260 m (853 ft) | ||
| - coordinates | 49°50′08″N 18°17′33″E / 49.83556°N 18.2925°E / 49.83556; 18.2925 | ||
| Area | 214 km2 (83 sq mi) | ||
| - metro | 3,896 km2 (1,504 sq mi) | ||
| Population | 310 464 (January 2011) | ||
| - metro | 1 164 328 [1] | ||
| Density | 1,450 / km2 (3,755.5 / sq mi) | ||
| Founded | 1267 | ||
| Mayor | Ing. Petr Kajnar (ČSSD, 2006–2010, 2010–2014) | ||
| Postal code | 702 00 | ||
   Location in the Czech Republic
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  Location in the Moravian-Silesian Region
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| Statistics: statnisprava.cz | |||
| Website: www.ostrava.cz | |||
Ostrava (Czech pronunciation: [ˈostrava] ( listen), German: Ostrau, Polish: Ostrawa) is the third largest city in the Czech Republic and the second largest urban agglomeration after Prague. Located close to the Polish border, it is also the administrative center of the Moravian-Silesian Region and of the Municipality with Extended Competence[clarification needed]. Ostrava was candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture 2015.[2] Ostrava is located at the confluence of the Ostravice, Oder, Lučina and Opava rivers. Its history and growth have been largely affected by exploitation and further use of the high quality black coal deposits discovered in the locality, giving the town a look of an industrial city and a nickname of the “steel heart of the republic” (Czech: ocelové srdce republiky) during the communist era of Czechoslovakia. Many of the heavy industry companies are being closed down or transformed, yet the city remains one of the most polluted in the EU.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
Ostrava was named after the river Ostrá (meaning sharp) which today is called Ostravice.
History[link]
Ostrava was an important crossroads of prehistoric trading routes, namely the Amber Road. Archaeological finds have proved that the area around Ostrava has been permanently inhabited for 25,000 years. Circa 23,000 BC, the Venus of Petřkovice (Petřkovická venuše in Czech) from Petřkovice in Ostrava, Czech Republic, was made. It is now in Archeological Institute, Brno. In the 13th century, the Ostravice river marked the border between the Silesian duchy of Opole and the March of Moravia under Bohemian suzerainty. Two settlements arose on both sides of the river: Slezská Ostrava (Silesian Ostrava) was first mentioned in 1229, Moravská Ostrava (Moravian Ostrava) in 1267, it received town privileges in 1279. The Piast dukes of Opole in 1297 built a fortress on their side of the river. Both parts were largely settled by Germans in the course of the Ostsiedlung.
Until the late 18th century, Moravská Ostrava was a small provincial town with a population around one thousand inhabitants engaged in handicraft. In 1763, large deposits of black coal were discovered, leading to an industrial boom and a flood of new immigrants in the following centuries. During the 19th century, several mine towers were raised in and around the city and the first steel works were established at Vítkovice, acquired by Salomon Mayer von Rothschild in 1843. Industrial growth was made possible by the completion of Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn from Vienna in 1847. The 20th century saw further industrial expansion of the city accompanied by an increase in population and the quality of civic services and culture. However, during World War II, Ostrava – as an important source of steel for the arms industry – suffered several massive bombing campaigns that caused extensive damage to the city.
Since the Velvet revolution in 1989 the city has been going through major changes. A thorough restructuring of industry is taking place – coal mining in the area of the city was stopped in 1994 and a large part of the Vítkovice ironworks near the city center was closed down in 1998. Both actions improved the environment dramatically, although the Arcelor Mittal plant (ex-Nová Huť) continues to heavily pollute the Radvanice district and the surrounding area, resulting in one of the highest concentrations of PM10 dust in Europe.[3]
Historical population[link]
| 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 279,209 | 300,799 | 326,929 | 327,608 | 331,466 | 324,813 | 320,041 | 310,078 | 311,419 |
Mayors[link]
| Period | Name |
|---|---|
| 1861–1864 | Hermann Zwierzina |
| 1864–1873 | Alois Anderka |
| 1873–1880 | Konstantin Grünwald |
| 1880–1888 | Anton Lux |
| 1888–1901 | Adalbert Johanny |
| 1901–1918 | Gustav Fiedler |
| 1918 | Johann Ulrich (until 17 December 1918) |
| 1918–1935 | Jan Prokeš |
| 1935–1939 | Josef Chalupník |
| 1939–1940 | Josef Hinner |
| 1940–1945 | SS Sturmbannführer Emil Beier |
| 1945 | Josef Lampa (interim, for three weeks) |
| 1945–1960 | Josef Kotas |
| 1960–1964 | Jan Buchvaldek |
| 1964–1968 | Josef Kempný |
| 1968–1971 | Zdeněk Kupka |
| 1971–1986 | Eduard Foltýn |
| 1986–1989 | Bedřich Lipina |
| 1989–1990 | Lubomír Vejr |
| 1990–1993 | Jiří Smejkal |
| 1993–2001 | Evžen Tošenovský |
| 2001–2002 | Čestmír Vlček |
| 2002–2006 | Aleš Zedník |
| 2006–2014 | Petr Kajnar |
Geography and climate[link]
| Climate data for Ostrava | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.7) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.7 (45.9) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.9 (71.4) |
23.6 (74.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
6.7 (44.1) |
2.0 (35.6) |
12.86 (55.14) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −5.6 (21.9) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
3.0 (37.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
10.6 (51.1) |
11.9 (53.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
3.75 (38.75) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 26.7 (1.051) |
30.2 (1.189) |
34.0 (1.339) |
52.4 (2.063) |
91.2 (3.591) |
104.4 (4.11) |
91.1 (3.587) |
91.8 (3.614) |
58.8 (2.315) |
42.3 (1.665) |
44.6 (1.756) |
34.3 (1.35) |
701.8 (27.63) |
| Avg. precipitation days | 7 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 11 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 104 |
| Source: World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[4] | |||||||||||||
Ostrava is located in the north-eastern area of the Czech Republic, very close to the Polish (15 km (9.3 mi)) and Slovak (55 km (34 mi)) borders. It spreads over the northern part of the natural north-south valley called the Moravian Gate (Moravská brána) with an average elevation of approximately 210 m (690 ft) above sea level.
The local climate is continental temperate, with hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters. The yearly average temperature is 10.2 °C (50.4 °F) (January low: −1.2 °C (29.8 °F), July high: 25 °C (77 °F)), the yearly rainfall is around 526 mm (20.7 in).
People and demographics[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2009) |
As of January 2011, the official estimated population of Ostrava was 310,464 inhabitants, living in a total of 23 districts formed by the unification of 34 original small towns and villages. Ostrava covers an area of 214 km². The population density is 1450 people per km².
Historically, among the most influential ethnic groups besides Czechs in Ostrava were the Poles, Germans and the Jews. However, during and after the World War II years the situation changed completely, as most Ostravian Jews were killed or transported to concentration camps (on 17 October 1939, the first transport of Jews to a camp under the Nisko Plan, and the Nazi administrative innovation known as the General Government was held in Ostrava – the first of its kind in Europe). After World War II, Germans were expelled from Ostrava according to the Potsdam Agreement. Thus, the population of the city, has become a mixture of Silesians, Moravians, Czechs, Slovaks and Poles. The mayor of Ostrava Josef Hinner opposed the deportation with the magistrate and German forces and started to organize the resistance to smuggle Jewish citizens from the city and surrounding areas. Due to his opposition, mayor Hinner was deported and placed in a concentration camp, barely surviving World War II.
The unemployment rate is 12 % (as of December 2010).
Steel industry and underground coal mines[link]
File:Ostrava at night.jpeg
Night view from Hrabůvka towards Vítkovice and the city center
All underground coal mines were closed down shortly after the Velvet revolution in 1989, due to unfavourable geological and political conditions which caused mining to become uneconomical in the post-communist system, and also because of ex-mayor Evžen Tošenovský's drive to modernize the city's industries. The last minecart with coal was retrieved from new Odra Mine (formerly František Mine) on 30 June 1994.[5]
Some of the largest industrial companies lie in the city of Ostrava. The Vitkovice steel works, located in the suburb of the same name near the city center, concentrates on metallurgy and machine engineering. It was established in 1828 and now it is undergoing a major transformation. The Vítkovice complex Dolní oblast is set to undergo extensive reconstruction. The giant gas container for blast furnace gas (around 70 m wide and 33 m high) will be modified into a concert hall for 1,500 visitors, a gallery, café, etc., based on design by leading Czech architect, Josef Pleskot. Blast Furnace no 1 will become the start of a tour route, and the sixth energy central office will become an industrial museum (project authored by Václav and Helena Zemánkový). The expected date for completion of reconstruction is set for 2013.
Michal Mine whose history goes back to 1843, is an extremely valuable authentic industrial site in terms of construction and technical equipment. the museum provides visitors with the chance to look over all of the above ground work areas that a miner would have to go through to get to his shift. The tour includes, the dressing rooms, washrooms, registry, dispatching, and most importantly, the machine room, with its original and unique equipment that had worked until 1993, when the mine was permanently closed. The scene, intentionally left intact, without any artificial arrangements being made, gives the impression as if work there has just ended. Some of the rooms in the Museum house also other kinds of temporary exhibitions, often displaying works by foreign artists.
Located on the former Anselm Mine (one of the first to be established at the end of the 18th century in what is today the Petřkovice District of Ostrava), the Mining Museum was opened in the early 1990s. A unique exhibition of the Mining Museum highlights the evolution of coal mining in the Ostrava-Karvina region, as well as mining technology, and rescue services. In fact, it is the largest exhibition of its kind in the world. With the collection of miner’s lights and hand tools, visitors get a real taste of the hard work and dedication the men of the mines had. The tour includes a view of mining in the original seams with wooden braces, mining machines and belt conveyors.
Karolina[link]
Karolina is the name of an area approximately 30 hectares in size situated 500 m (1,600 ft) from the city's historic square. The Karolina area was originally used for heavy industry. After demolition of the old coking plant and clearing the entire area, the Karolina site can now be used to extend the Ostrava city center.
In late June 2006, the Dutch firm Multi Development won the contract to develop the grounds of the former Karolina site. Multi Development plans to invest 13 billion CZK (EUR 450 million).
Many new apartment buildings, offices and shops are planned for this new city district. There will also be a new church, a high-rise building, a large park by the Ostravice River and a university campus.
Culture[link]
There are four theaters in Ostrava: Moravian-Silesian National Theatre (Národní divadlo moravskoslezské). It has two buildings: Divadlo Antonína Dvořáka (named after Antonín Dvořák) and Divadlo Jiřího Myrona. Further there are Petr Bezruč Theatre (named after Petr Bezruč), Komorní scéna Aréna (Chamber theatre Arena) and Divadlo loutek (Puppet theatre).
Every July there is an international world music festival Colours of Ostrava taking place.
Ostrava's Janáček Philharmonic Orchestra (formerly called the Czech Radio Orchestra) is one of Europe's better orchestras.
Ostrava was candidate for the European Capital of Culture 2015.
Education[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130103151507/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Main sights[link]
While Ostrava is usually not in the top ten list of tourist attractions of the Czech Republic, there are a number of interesting places to see and things to do there.
Some technical landmarks, such as Lower Vítkovice Area, the Michal Mine, and/or Landek Park, with its Mining Museum exhibition, have no match within the entire Czech Republic.
Another attraction, which is becoming more and more popular mainly among young people, is Stodolní Street (Stodolní ulice), actually a collection of streets just next to the center, full of bars, pubs and clubs, bringing night-life to the city and thousands of visitors all year long. There are currently around 60 places to have a drink or dance on this street, each with its own style and atmosphere. There are a few bigger events at this area throughout the year, the largest of which is the Colours of Ostrava a summer music festival hosting many musicians and groups from all over the world.
The New City Hall Viewing Tower provides visitors a panoramic view of the city and surroundings from a height of about 72 m (236 ft). In clear weather, the Moravian-Silesian Beskids and Jeseníky mountain ranges are visible.
The Silesian Ostrava Castle is one of the city's most historic cultural monuments. The castle was built in the eighties and nineties of the 13th century. In 1534, the gothic castle was rebuilt into a renaissance chateau. It was restored recently after many years of dilapidation caused by coal mining under the castle. Today, the castle is one of the most important tourist attraction of the city. It hosted the Colours of Ostrava music festival in 2007.
The Ostrava ZOO was founded in 1949 and officially opened in 1951; the zoo originally had only eight animals: three roes and five pheasants. Since that time, it has expanded to include 230 species of animals and, after relocation in 1956 to its current place, has grown from its original 0, 5 km2 to 3 km2 today. The most favourite children attraction is called Petting Zoo, where children could go right to the exhibition with goats and sheep. Every day, people can go to watch special commented feedings of animals, where a worker feeds an animal and talk about the animal and answer people’s question. The 230 species are housed in outdoor and indoor exhibits which include: African mammal house, monkey house, elephant house, 3 aviaries for birds, small Amazonia, hippo house. The Ostrava zoo was the first in the Czech Republic to see the birth of an elephant. Two elephants were born in 2011. The elder, a male named Sethi, died after a two months. The second one, a female named Rashmi, has flourished and can be visited in the elephant pavilion.
The Miniuni is a collection of over thirty 1:25 models of Europe's prominent edifices spreading across a 1.5ha area. Some of the exhibits are Prague's Old Town Hall, London's Big Ben, Berlin's Brandenburg Gate and a dominant 12m tall Eiffel Tower. The exhibition also features the Seven World Wonders and the World's Skyscrapers. Railways with model trains and water canals with model steamers add extra fun.
The Ostrava museum was established by merging three older local museums in the Old Post-Office building after World War One. Since 1931 it occupies the Old Town Hall in Masaryk Square, the oldest existing example of original historic architecture typical of Ostrava's city core. On display are local history of Ostrava and a couple of other theme shows. Its singular feature and pride item is the 225 cm (88.58 in) tall indoor astronomical clock called the Mašek Clock. It boasts 51 different functional features and consists of four dials: clock, calender, astronomical and planetary dials.
The Fire-fighting Museum' building has been dedicated to fire-fighting since its completion in 1905. The exhibition features seven sections showing models of fire trucks and other fire-fighting hardware; model situations like fire, leaks of dangerous substances and traffic accidents; an exhibition of history and development of fire-fighting techniques and technology; breathing apparatuses and personal protection gear for chemical accident operations. Video features and documentaries show and explain the Whats and Whys of a fireman's job.
In the Ostravar brewery, an excursion route has been traced for visitors, who will be able to learn interesting things about the brewing of the Czech national drink. At the end of the route, visitors can taste their favourite brew. A great attraction of the Museum is a tap bar that is more than 60 years old. In addition to the tap-room, visitors can see a number of other interesting objects linked with brewing. There are, for example, specimens of barrels with illustrations of how they were made, transport glasses dating from the 1920s and 1930s and a historical barrelhead. All this is accompanied by historical photographs and labels.
The Ema Heap, made up of dirt, or mining waste material, from The Trinity Colliery, is now a favourite Sunday trip destination. It is 82 ha large and contains some 4 mil. cube meters of dirt. Spontaneous ignition appeared deep in its bowels in the 1960s and the invisible fire still keeps burning. Inside temperature reaches up to 1,500 °C (2,732 °F) creating suitable habitats for steppe species of fauna and flora along the dump limits. Extreme temperature produces rare minerals inside this man-made singularity of nature. Visitors should follow the marked yellow path.
Sport[link]
Ostrava has teams in the four major Czech Republic professional sports leagues (football, ice-hockey, basketball and floorball). The city's two current League football teams are FC Baník Ostrava and FC Vítkovice. FC Baník Ostrava represent the city in the Czech Republic 1. League (Gambrinus Liga).
In ice-hockey, Ostrava has one team HC Vítkovice Steel represent the city in the Czech Extraliga and HC Poruba in second league.
The city's National Basketball League (NBL) team is the NH Ostrava.
In Ostrava are two teams in the first floorball league. 1. SC WOOW Vítkovice and FBC Ostrava.
Ostrava also supports athletics. Ostrava-Vítkovice hosts the Golden Spike athletics meeting, one of the IAAF World Challenge Meetings.
Transport[link]
Public Transport[link]
Public transport infrastructure consists of 17 tram (streetcar), 9 trolleybus, 59 day bus lines. Service is provided mainly by Dopravní Podnik Ostrava a.s. (Ostrava City Transportation Company).
Rail[link]
Ostrava lies on the main rail route connecting Vienna and Warsaw. Ostrava, as a third largest city, has direct train connection with the capital city Prague. Some EuroCity trains go also to Žilina and Košice.
Air[link]
Leoš Janáček Airport Ostrava serves a number of domestic and international destinations.
International relations[link]
Twin towns – Sister cities[link]
Volgograd, Russia, from 1957
Coventry, United Kingdom, from 1957
Katowice, Poland, from 1960
Dresden, Germany, from 1971[6]
Split, Croatia, from 1976
Piraeus, Greece, from 1997
Košice, Slovakia, from 2001[7]
Miskolc, Hungary, from 2001
Pittsburgh, USA, from 2001- Powiat Wodzisławski, Poland, from 2005
Oral, from 2008
Donetsk, Ukraine, from 2009
Ostrava has two triangular partnerships with Coventry: one with Volgograd since 1957 and one with Dresden since 1971.
The Consulate-General of the Republic of Poland is located on Blahoslavova Street in Ostrava.
An honorary consulate of the Russian Federation is also located in Ostrava.[8][9]
People[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ Larger urban zone, Eurostat 2003
- ^ www.ostrava2015.cz Ostrava 2015 – it lost by 6 to 5 to Pilsen
- ^ "Ostravsko už ví, proč má špatný vzduch. Špiní jej hutě". 2008. http://aktualne.centrum.cz/domaci/zivot-v-cesku/clanek.phtml?id=519268. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Ostrava". United Nations. http://www.worldweather.org/172/c00920.htm. Retrieved 21 January 2011.
- ^ "Historie hornictví – Důl František, Ostrava – Přívoz (Czech language)". Hornictvi.info. 11 August 2009. http://www.hornictvi.info/histhor/lokality/okr/08.htm. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ "Dresden – Partner Cities". 2008 Landeshauptstadt Dresden. Archived from the original on 27 June 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100617064101/http://www.dresden.de/en/02/11/c_03.php. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
- ^ "Partnership towns of the City of Košice" (in Slovak). 2007–2009 City of Košice Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr. SNP 48/A, 040 11 Košice. http://www.kosice.sk/clanok.asp?file=gov_s_c-00.html. Retrieved 12 July 2009.
- ^ Honorární konzulát Ruské federace v Ostravě
- ^ Honorary consulate of the Russian Federation in Ostrava.
External links[link]
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Look up ostrava in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ostrava |
- Ostrava travel guide from Wikitravel
- (Czech) Official web
- (English) DPO – Public Transport in Ostrava
- (English) City information center
- (English) Zoo Ostrava official website
- (English) Ostrava is candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture 2015
- (English) MÄHRISCH-OSTRAU 1923
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 Bolt at Berlin World Championships 2009 |
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| Nickname(s) | Lightning Bolt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nationality | Jamaican | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1986-08-21) 21 August 1986 (age 25)[1] Trelawny, Jamaica[2] |
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| Residence | Kingston, Jamaica | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Height | 1.95 m (6 ft 5 in)[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weight | 92 kg (200 lb)[3] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Sport | Track and field | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Event(s) | Sprints | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Club | Racers Track Club | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Achievements and titles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Personal best(s) |
100 m: 9.58 WR (Berlin 2009)[4] |
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Medal record
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The Honourable Usain St. Leo Bolt, OJ, C.D. ( /ˈjuːseɪn/;[8] born 21 August 1986), is a Jamaican sprinter and a five-time World and three-time Olympic gold medalist. He is the world record and Olympic record holder in the 100 metres, the 200 metres and (along with his teammates) the 4×100 metres relay. He is the reigning Olympic champion in these three events, and is one of only seven athletes (along with Valerie Adams, Veronica Campbell-Brown, Jacques Freitag, Yelena Isinbayeva, Jana Pittman, Dani Samuels) to win world championships at the youth, junior, and senior level of an athletic event.
Bolt won a 200 m gold medal at the 2002 World Junior Championships, making him the competition's youngest-ever gold medalist at the time (since surpassed by Jacko Gill). In 2004, at the CARIFTA Games, he became the first junior sprinter to run the 200 m in less than 20 seconds with a time of 19.93 s,[9] breaking the previous world junior record held by Roy Martin by two-tenths of a second. He turned professional in 2004, and although he competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics, he missed most of the next two seasons due to injuries. In 2007, he broke Don Quarrie's 200 m Jamaican record with a run of 19.75 s.
His 2008 season began with his first world record performance—a 100 m world record of 9.72 s—and culminated in world and Olympic records in both the 100 m and 200 m events at the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics. He ran 9.69 s for the 100 m and 19.30 s in the 200 m, and also set a 4×100 m relay record of 37.10 s with the Jamaican team. This made him the first man to win three sprinting events at a single Olympics since Carl Lewis in 1984, and the first man to set world records in all three at a single Olympics. The following year he further lowered his own 100 m and 200 m world records to 9.58 s and 19.19 s respectively at the 2009 World Championships.[10] This made him the first man to hold both the 100 and 200 m world and Olympic titles at the same time.
His 2009 record breaking margin over 100 m is the highest since the start of digital time measurements.[11] His achievements in sprinting have earned him the media nickname "Lightning Bolt",[12] and awards including the IAAF World Athlete of the Year, Track & Field Athlete of the Year, and Laureus Sportsman of the Year.
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Early years[link]
Bolt was born on 21 August 1986 in Sherwood Content,[13] a small town in Trelawny, Jamaica, and grew up with his parents, Wellesley and Jennifer Bolt, his brother Sadeeki,[14] and his sister Sherine.[2][15] His parents ran the local grocery store in the rural area, and Bolt spent his time playing cricket and football in the street with his brother,[16] later saying, "When I was young, I didn’t really think about anything other than sports".[17]
As a child, he attended Waldensia Primary and All-age School, and it was here that he first began to show his sprinting potential, running in the annual national primary-schools' meeting for his parish.[12] By the age of twelve, Bolt had become the school's fastest runner over the 100 metres distance.[18]
Upon his entry to William Knibb Memorial High School, Bolt continued to focus on other sports, but his cricket coach noticed Bolt's speed on the pitch and urged him to try track and field events.[19] Pablo McNeil, a former Olympic sprint athlete,[20] and Dwayne Barrett coached Bolt, encouraging him to focus his energy on improving his athletic abilities. The school had a history of success in athletics with past students, including sprinter Michael Green.[12] Bolt won his first annual high school championships medal in 2001, taking the silver medal in the 200 metres with a time of 22.04 seconds.[12] McNeil soon became his primary coach, and the two enjoyed a positive partnership, although McNeil was occasionally frustrated by Bolt's lack of dedication to his training and his predisposition to practical jokes.[20]
Early competitions[link]
Performing for Jamaica in his first Caribbean regional event, Bolt clocked a personal best of 48.28 s in the 400 metres in the 2001 CARIFTA Games, winning a silver medal. The 200 m also yielded a silver as Bolt finished in 21.81 s.[21]
He made his first appearance on the world stage at the 2001 IAAF World Youth Championships in Debrecen, Hungary. Running in the 200 m event, he failed to qualify for the finals, but he still set a new personal best of 21.73 s.[22] Bolt still did not take athletics or himself too seriously, however, and he took his mischievousness to new heights by hiding in the back of a van when he was supposed to be preparing for the 200 m finals at the CARIFTA Trials. He was detained by the police for his practical joke, and there was an outcry from the local community, which blamed coach McNeil for the incident.[20] However, the controversy subsided, and both McNeil and Bolt went to the CARIFTA Games, where Bolt set championship records in the 200 m and 400 m with times of 21.12 s and 47.33 s, respectively.[21] He continued to set records with 20.61 s and 47.12 s finishes at the Central American and Caribbean Junior Championships.[23]
Former Prime Minister P. J. Patterson recognised Bolt's talent and arranged for him to move to Kingston, along with Jermaine Gonzales, so he could train with the Jamaica Amateur Athletic Association (JAAA) at the University of Technology, Jamaica.[20]
Rise to prominence[link]
The 2002 World Junior Championships before a home crowd in Kingston, Jamaica, gave Bolt a chance to prove his credentials on the world stage. By the age of 15, he had grown to 1.96 metres (6 ft 5 in) tall, and he physically stood out amongst his peers.[12] He won the 200 m, in a time of 20.61 s,[24] 0.03 seconds slower than his personal best of 20.58 s set in the 1st round.[25] Bolt's 200 m win made him the youngest world-junior gold medalist ever.[26] The expectation from the home crowd had made him so nervous that he had put his shoes on the wrong feet. However, it turned out to be a revelatory experience for Bolt as he vowed never again to let himself be affected by pre-race nerves.[27] As a member of the Jamaican sprint relay team, he also took two silver medals and set national junior records in the 4×100 metres and 4×400 metres relay, running times of 39.15 s and 3:04.06 minutes respectively.[28][29]
The flow of medals continued as he won four gold medals at the 2003 CARIFTA Games, and was awarded the Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the games.[30][31][32] He won another gold at the 2003 World Youth Championships. He set a new championship record in the 200 m with a time of 20.40 s, despite a 1.1 m/s head wind.[33] Michael Johnson, the 200 m world-record holder, took note of Bolt's potential but worried that the young sprinter might be over-pressured, stating, "It's all about what he does three, four, five years down the line".[34] Bolt had also impressed the athletics hierarchy, and he received the IAAF Rising Star Award for 2002.[35]
Bolt turned his main focus to the 200 m and equalled Roy Martin's world junior record of 20.13 s at the Pan-American Junior Championships.[12][36] This performance attracted interest from the press, and his times in the 200 m and 400 m led to him being touted as a possible successor to Johnson. Indeed, at sixteen years old, Bolt had reached times that Johnson did not register until he was twenty, and Bolt's 200 m time was superior to Maurice Greene's season's best that year.[34]
In his final Jamaican High School Championships in 2003, he broke both the 200 m and 400 m records with times of 20.25 s and 45.30 s, respectively. Bolt's runs were a significant improvement upon the previous records, beating the 200 m best by more than half a second and the 400 m record by almost a second.[12]
Bolt was growing more popular in his homeland. Howard Hamilton, who was given the task of Public Defender by the government, urged the JAAA to nurture him and prevent burnout, calling Bolt "the most phenomenal sprinter ever produced by this island".[34] His popularity and the attractions of the capital city were beginning to be a burden to the young sprinter. Bolt was increasingly unfocused on his athletic career and preferred to eat fast food, play basketball, and party in Kingston's club scene. In the absence of a disciplined lifestyle, he became ever-more reliant on his natural ability to beat his competitors on the track.[37]
As the reigning 200 m champion at both the World Youth and World Junior championships, Bolt hoped to take a clean sweep of the world 200 m championships in the Senior World Championships in Paris.[12] Bolt beat all comers at the 200 m in the World Championship trials, but he was pragmatic about his chances and noted that, even if he did not make the final, he would consider setting a personal best a success.[34][38] However, he suffered a bout of conjunctivitis before the event, and it ruined his training schedule.[12] Realising he would not be in peak condition, the JAAA refused to let him participate in the finals on the grounds that he was too young and inexperienced. Bolt was dismayed at missing out on the opportunity, but focused on getting himself in shape to gain a place on the Jamaican Olympic team instead.[38] Even though he missed the World Championships, Bolt was awarded the IAAF Rising Star Award for the 2003 season on the strength of his junior record-equalling run.[35]
Professional athletics career[link]
Early Professional Career (2004 – 2007)[link]
Under the guidance of new coach Fitz Coleman, Bolt turned professional in 2004, beginning with the CARIFTA Games in Bermuda.[12] He became the first junior sprinter to run the 200 m in under twenty seconds, taking the world junior record outright with a time of 19.93 s.[12][26] For the second time in the role, he was awarded the Austin Sealy Trophy for the most outstanding athlete of the 2004 CARIFTA Games.[39][30][31] A hamstring injury in May ruined Bolt's chances of competing in the 2004 World Junior Championships, but he was still chosen for the Jamaican Olympic squad.[40] Bolt headed to the 2004 Athens Olympics with confidence and a new record on his side. However, he was hampered by a leg injury and was eliminated in the first round of the 200 metres with a disappointing time of 21.05 s.[1][41] American colleges offered Bolt track scholarships on the strength of his performances, but the teenager from Trelawny refused them all, stating that he was content to stay in his homeland of Jamaica.[15] Bolt instead chose the surroundings of the University of Technology, Jamaica, as his professional training ground, staying with the university's primitive track and weight room that had served him well in his amateur years.[42]
The year 2005 signalled a fresh start for Bolt in the form of a new coach, Glen Mills, and a new attitude to athletics. Mills recognised Bolt's potential and aimed to cease the sprinter's unprofessional approach to the sport.[41] Bolt began training with Mills in preparation for the upcoming athletics season, partnering with more-seasoned sprinters such as Kim Collins and Dwain Chambers.[43] The year began well, and in July he knocked more than a third of a second off the 200 m CAC Championship record with a run of 20.03 s,[44] then registered his 200 m season's best at London's Crystal Palace, running in 19.99 s.[1] Misfortune awaited Bolt at the next major event, the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki. Bolt felt that both his work ethic and athleticism had much improved since the 2004 Olympics, and he saw the World Championships as a way to live up to expectations, stating, "I really want to make up for what happened in Athens. Hopefully, everything will fall into place".[45] Bolt qualified with runs under 21 s, but he suffered an injury in the final, finishing in last place with a time of 26.27 s.[41][46] Injuries were preventing him from completing a full professional athletics season, and the eighteen-year-old Bolt still had not proven his mettle in the major world-athletics competitions.[47] Bolt was involved in a car accident in November, and although he suffered only minor facial lacerations, his training schedule was further upset.[48][49] His manager, Norman Peart, made Bolt's training less intensive, and he had fully recuperated the following week.[48] Bolt had continued to improve his performances, and he reached the world top-5 rankings in 2005 and 2006.[12] Peart and Mills stated their intentions to push Bolt to do longer sprinting distances with the aim of making the 400 m event his primary event by 2007 or 2008. Bolt was less enthusiastic, and demanded that he feel comfortable in his sprinting.[48][50] He suffered another hamstring injury in March 2006, forcing him to withdraw from the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, and he did not return to track events until May.[51] After his recovery, Bolt was given new training exercises to improve flexibility, and the plans to move him up to the 400 m event were put on hold.[47]
Upon his return to competition, the 200 m remained his primary event, and he beat Justin Gatlin's meet record in Ostrava, Czech Republic. Bolt had aspired to run under twenty seconds to claim a season's best but, despite the fact that bad weather had impaired his run, he was happy to end the meeting with just the victory.[52] However, a sub-20-second finish was soon his, as he set a new personal best of 19.88 s at the 2006 Athletissima Grand Prix in Lausanne, Switzerland, finishing behind Xavier Carter and Tyson Gay to earn a bronze medal.[53] Bolt had focused his athletics aims, stating that 2006 was a year to gain experience. Also, he was more keen on competing over longer distances, setting his sights on running regularly in both 200 m and 400 m events within the next two years.[52] Bolt claimed his first major world medal two months later at the IAAF World Athletics Final in Stuttgart, Germany. He passed the finishing post with a time of 20.10 s, gaining a bronze medal in the process.[1] The IAAF World Cup in Athens, Greece, yielded Bolt's first senior international silver medal.[1] Wallace Spearmon from the United States won gold with a championship record time of 19.87 s, beating Bolt's respectable time of 19.96 s.[54] Further 200 m honours on both the regional and international stages awaited Bolt in 2007. The young Jamaican yearned to run in the 100 metres, but coach Mills diverted his attention, stating that he could run the shorter distance if he broke the 200 m national record.[41] In the Jamaican Championships, he ran 19.75 s in the 200 m, breaking the 36-year-old Jamaican record held by Don Quarrie by 0.11 s.[12][15]
Mills complied with Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m, and he was entered to run the event at the 23rd Vardinoyiannia meeting in Rethymno, Crete. In his debut tournament run, he set a personal best of 10.03 s, winning the gold medal and feeding his enthusiasm for the event.[15][55]
He built on this achievement at the 2007 World Championships in Osaka, Japan, winning a silver medal.[1] Bolt recorded 19.91 s with a headwind of 0.8 m/s but this paled in comparison with Tyson Gay's time of 19.76 s, which set a new championship record.[56]
The Jamaican national record fell when Bolt partnered with Asafa Powell, Marvin Anderson, and Nesta Carter in the 4×100 metres relay. However, their finish in 37.89 s was not enough to beat the Americans' time of 37.78 s.[57] Bolt did not win any gold medals at the major tournaments in 2007, but Mills felt that Bolt's technique was much improved, pinpointing improvements in Bolt's balance at the turns over 200 m and an increase in his stride frequency, giving him more driving power on the track.[41]
World-record breaker[link]
The silver medals from the 2007 Osaka World Championships boosted Bolt's desire to run, and he took a more serious, more mature stance towards his career.[19] Bolt continued to develop in the 100 m, and he entered to run in the event at the Jamaica Invitational in Kingston. On 3 May 2008, Bolt ran a time of 9.76 s, aided by a tail wind of 1.8 m/s, considerably improving upon his previous personal best of 10.03 s.[58] This was the second-fastest legal performance in the history of the event; second only to compatriot Asafa Powell's 9.74 s record set the previous year in Rieti, Italy.[59] Rival Tyson Gay lauded the performance, praising Bolt's form and technique especially.[60] Michael Johnson, who was observing the race, said that he was shocked at how quickly he had improved over the 100 m distance.[61] The Jamaican surprised even himself with the time, but coach Glen Mills remained confident that there was more to come.[60]
Mills' prediction came true before the end of the month when Bolt established a new 100 m world record on 31 May 2008. Pushed on by a tail wind of 1.7 m/s, Bolt ran 9.72 s at the Reebok Grand Prix held in the Icahn Stadium in New York City, breaking Powell's record.[62] The record time was even more remarkable in light of the fact that it was only his fifth senior run over the distance.[63] Gay again finished second and commended Bolt's physical superiority, stating, "It looked like his knees were going past my face".[15] Commentators noted that Bolt appeared to have gained a psychological advantage over fellow Olympic contender Gay.[41]
In June 2008, Bolt responded to claims that he was a lazy athlete, saying that the comments were unjustified, and he trained hard to achieve his potential. However, he surmised that such comments stemmed from his lack of enthusiasm for the 400 metres event, and chose to not make the effort to train for distance running.[64] Turning his efforts to the 200 m, Bolt proved that he could excel in multiple events—first setting the world-leading time in Ostrava, then breaking the national record for the second time with a 19.67 s finish in Athens, Greece.[65][66] Although Mills still preferred that Bolt focus on the longer distances, the acceptance of Bolt's demand to run in the 100 m worked for both sprinter and trainer. Bolt was more focused in practice, and a training schedule to boost his top speed and his stamina, in preparation for the Olympics, had improved both his 100 m and 200 m times.[15][67][68] His confidence was building, and he was sure that he would perform well in the upcoming Olympics.[65]
2008 Summer Olympics[link]
Bolt announced that he would double-up with the 100 metres and 200 metres events at the Beijing Summer Olympics, and the new 100 m world-record holder was the favourite to win both.[69][70] Michael Johnson, the 200 m and 400 m record holder, personally backed the sprinter, saying that he did not believe that a lack of experience would work against him.[71] Bolt qualified for the 100 m final with times of 9.92 s and 9.85 s in the quarter-finals and semifinals, respectively.[72][73][74]
In the Olympic 100 m final, Bolt broke new ground, winning in 9.69 s (unofficially 9.683 s) with a reaction time of 0.165 s.[75] This was an improvement upon his own world record, and he was well ahead of second-place finisher Richard Thompson, who finished in 9.89 s.[76] Not only was the record set without a favourable wind (+0.0 m/s), but he also visibly slowed down to celebrate before he finished and his shoelace was untied.[77][78][79] Bolt's coach reported that, based upon the speed of Bolt's opening 60 m, he could have finished with a time of 9.52 s.[80] After scientific analysis of Bolt's run by the Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics at the University of Oslo, Hans Eriksen and his colleagues also predicted a sub 9.60 s time. Considering factors such as Bolt's position, acceleration and velocity in comparison with second-place-finisher Thompson, the team estimated that Bolt could have finished in 9.55±0.04 s had he not slowed to celebrate before the finishing line.[81][82]
Bolt stated that setting a record was not a priority for him, and that his goal was just to win the gold medal, Jamaica's first of the 2008 Games.[83] Olympic medalist Kriss Akabusi construed Bolt's chest slapping before the finish line as showboating, noting that the actions cost Bolt an even faster record time.[84] IOC president Jacques Rogge also condemned the Jamaican's actions as disrespectful.[85][86] Bolt denied that this was the purpose of his celebration by saying, "I wasn't bragging. When I saw I wasn't covered, I was just happy".[87] Lamine Diack, president of the IAAF, supported Bolt and said that his celebration was appropriate given the circumstances of his victory. Jamaican government minister Edmund Bartlett also defended Bolt's actions, stating, "We have to see it in the glory of their moment and give it to them. We have to allow the personality of youth to express itself".[88]
Bolt then focused on attaining a gold medal in the 200 m event, aiming to emulate Carl Lewis' double win in the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics.[89] Michael Johnson felt that Bolt would easily win gold but believed that his own world record of 19.32 s set at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta would remain intact at the Olympics.[90] Bolt eased through the first and second rounds of the 200 m, jogging towards the end of his run both times.[91] He won his semifinal and progressed to the final as the favourite to win.[92] Retired Jamaican sprinter Don Quarrie praised Bolt, saying he was confident that Johnson's record could be beaten.[35] The following day, at the final, he won Jamaica's fourth gold of the Games, setting a new world and Olympic record of 19.30 s.[93] Johnson's record fell despite the fact that Bolt was impeded by a 0.9 m/s headwind. The feat made him the first sprinter since Quarrie to hold both 100 m and 200 m world records simultaneously and the first since the introduction of electronic timing.[93][94] Furthermore, Bolt became the first sprinter to break both records at the same Olympics.[95] Unlike in the 100 m final, Bolt sprinted hard all the way to the finishing line in the 200 m race, even dipping his chest to improve his time.[96] Following the race, "Happy Birthday" was played over the stadium's sound system as his 22nd birthday would begin at midnight.[96]
Two days later, Bolt ran as the third leg in the Jamaican 4x100 metres relay team, increasing his gold medal total to three.[97] Along with teammates Nesta Carter, Michael Frater, and Asafa Powell, Bolt broke another world and Olympic record, their 37.10 s finish breaking the previous record by three tenths of a second.[98] Powell, who anchored the team to the finishing line, lamented the loss of his 100 m record to Bolt but showed no animosity towards his Jamaican rival, stating that he was delighted to help him set his third world record.[99] Following his victories, Bolt donated US$50,000 to the children of the Sichuan province of China to help those harmed by the 2008 Sichuan earthquake.[100]
Bolt's record-setting runs caused commentators not only to praise his achievements but also to speculate about his potential to become one of the most successful sprinters ever.[17][101] Critics hailed his Olympic success as a new beginning for a sport that had long suffered through high-profile drug scandals.[63][102][dead link] The previous six years had seen the BALCO scandal, Tim Montgomery and Justin Gatlin stripped of their 100 m world records, and Marion Jones returning three Olympic gold medals.[103] All three sprinters were disqualified from athletics after drugs tests detected banned substances in their systems.[104][105] Bolt's record-breaking performances caused suspicion among some commentators, including Victor Conte, and the lack of an independent Caribbean anti-doping federation raised more concerns.[106][107] The accusations of drug use were vehemently rejected by Glen Mills (Bolt's coach) and Herb Elliott (the Jamaican athletics team doctor). Elliott, a member of the IAAF anti-doping commission, urged those concerned about the issue to "come down and see our programme, come down and see our testing, we have nothing to hide".[108] Mills had been equally ardent that Bolt was a clean athlete, declaring to the Jamaica Gleaner: "We will test any time, any day, any part of the body...[he] doesn't even like to take vitamins".[109] Bolt stated that he had been tested four times prior to the Olympics, and all had tested negative for banned substances. He also welcomed anti-doping authorities to test him to prove that he was clean, stating, "We work hard and we perform well and we know we're clean".[110]
| “ | I was slowing down long before the finish and wasn't tired at all. I could have gone back to the start and done it all over again. | ” |
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—Usain Bolt's thoughts on his 100m sprint at the 2008 Olympics, published in his autobiography Usain Bolt 9.58[111] |
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After the Olympics[link]
The end of the 2008 athletics season saw Bolt compete in the ÅF Golden League, beginning in Weltklasse Zürich. Despite having the slowest start among his competitors in the 100 m race, he still crossed the finishing line in 9.83 s.[112] Even though the time was slower than both his newly set world record and Asafa Powell's track record, it was still among the top-fifteen 100 m finishes by any sprinter to that date.[77] Bolt admitted that he was not running at full strength, suffering from a cold, but he had concentrated on both winning the race and finishing the season in good health.[112] At the Super Grand Prix final in Lausanne, Bolt ran his second-fastest 200 m with a time of 19.63 s, equalling Xavier Carter's track record.[113] However, it was the 100 m final, featuring Asafa Powell, that drew the most interest. Powell had moved closer to Bolt's world record after setting a new personal best of 9.72 s, reaffirming his status as Bolt's main contender.[114] Bolt's final event of the season came three days later at the Golden League final in Brussels. This was the first 100 m race featuring both Bolt and Powell since the final in the Olympics. Both Jamaicans broke the track record, but Bolt came out on top with a time of 9.77 s, beating Powell by 0.06 s. Victory, however, did not come as smoothly as it had in Beijing. Bolt made the slowest start of the nine competitors and had to recover ground in cold conditions and against a 0.9 m/s headwind.[115] Yet the results confirmed Jamaican dominance in the 100 m, with nine of the ten-fastest legal times in history being recorded by either Bolt or Powell.[77] On his return to Jamaica, Bolt was honoured in a homecoming celebration and received an Order of Distinction in recognition of his achievements at the Olympics.[116]
He was selected as the IAAF Male Athlete of the year and won a Special Olympic Award for his performances.[117] However, Bolt turned his attention to future events, suggesting that he could aim to break the 400 metres world record in 2010 as no major championships were scheduled that year.[118]
2009 Berlin World Championships[link]
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Bolt started the season competing over 400 metres in order to improve his speed, winning two races and registering 45.54 s in Kingston,[119] and windy conditions gave him his first sub-10 second finish of the season in the 100 m in March.[120] In late April Bolt suffered minor leg injuries in a car crash. However, he quickly recovered following minor surgery and (after cancelling a track meet in Jamaica) he stated that he was fit to compete in the 150 metres street race at the Manchester Great City Games.[121] Bolt won the race in 14.35 s, the fastest time ever recorded for 150 m.[122] Despite not being at full fitness, he took the 100 and 200 m titles at the Jamaican national championships, with runs of 9.86 s and 20.25 s respectively.[123][124] This meant he had qualified for both events at the 2009 World Championships. Rival Tyson Gay suggested that Bolt's 100 m record was within his grasp, but Bolt dismissed the claim and instead noted that he was more interested in Asafa Powell's return from injury.[125] Bolt defied unfavourable conditions at the Athletissima meet in July, running 19.59 seconds into a 0.9 m/s headwind and rain, to record the fourth fastest time ever over 200 m,[126] one hundredth off Gay's best time.[127]
At the 2009 World Championships in August, Bolt eased through the 100 m heats, clocking the fastest ever pre-final performance of 9.89 seconds.[128] The final was the first time Bolt and Gay had met in the season, and Bolt improved his world record with a time of 9.58 s to win his first World Championship gold medal. Gay finished with a time of 9.71 s, 0.02 s off Bolt's 9.69 s world-record run in Beijing.[129] Taking over a tenth of a second off the previous best mark, this was the largest ever margin of improvement in the 100 m world record since the beginning of electronic timing.[130]
Although Gay withdrew from the second race of the competition, the Jamaican once again produced world record-breaking form in the 200 metres final. He broke his own record by 0.11 seconds, finishing with a time of 19.19 seconds.[131] He won the 200 m race by the biggest margin in World Championships history, even though the race had three other athletes running under 19.90 seconds, the greatest number ever in the event.[132][133] Bolt's pace impressed even the more experienced of his competitors; third-placed Wallace Spearmon complimented his speed,[134] and former Olympic champion Shawn Crawford said "Just coming out there...I felt like I was in a video game, that guy was moving – fast".[135] Bolt pointed out that an important factor in his performance at the World Championships was his improved start to the races: his reaction times in the 100 m (0.146)[136] and 200 m (0.133)[137] were significantly faster than those he had produced in his world record runs at the Beijing Olympics.[138][139] However, he, together with other members of Jamaican 4x100 m relay team, fell short of their own world record of 37.10 s set at 2008 Summer Olympics by timing 37.31 s, which is, however, a championship record and the second fastest time in history at that date.[140]
On the last day of the Berlin Championships, the governing Mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, presented Bolt with a 12-foot high section of the Berlin Wall in a small ceremony, saying Bolt had shown that "one can tear down walls that had been considered as insurmountable." The nearly three-ton segment will be delivered to Bolt's training camp in Jamaica.[141]
Several days after Bolt broke the world records in 100 and 200 metres events, Mike Powell, the world record holder in long jump (8.95 metres set in 1991) argued that Bolt could become the first man to jump over 9 metres, the long jump event being "a perfect fit for his speed and height".[142] At the end of the season he was selected as the IAAF World Athlete of the Year for the second year running.[143]
2010: Diamond League and broken streak[link]
Early on in the 2010 outdoor season, Bolt ran 19.56 seconds in the 200 m in Kingston, Jamaica for the fourth-fastest run of all-time, although he stated that he had no record breaking ambitions for the forthcoming season.[144] He took to the international circuit May with wins in East Asia at the Colorful Daegu Pre-Championships Meeting and then a comfortable win in his 2010 IAAF Diamond League debut at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix.[145][146] Bolt made an attempt to break Michael Johnson's best time over the rarely competed 300 metres event at the Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava. He failed to match Johnson's ten-year-old record of 30.85 and suffered a setback in that his 30.97-second run in wet weather had left him with an Achilles tendon problem.[147][148]
On his return from injury a month later, he asserted himself with a 100 m win at the Athletissima meeting in Lausanne (9.82 seconds) and a victory over Asafa Powell at Meeting Areva in Paris (9.84 seconds).[149][150] Despite this run of form, he suffered only the second loss of his career in a 100 m final at the DN Galan. Tyson Gay soundly defeated him with a run of 9.84 to Bolt's 9.97 seconds, and the Jamaican reflected that he had slacked off in training early in the season while Gay had been better prepared and in a better condition.[151] This marked Bolt's first loss to Gay over 100 m, which coincidentally occurred in the same stadium where Powell had beaten Bolt for the first time two years earlier.[152]
2011 Daegu World Championships[link]
Considered the overwhelming favourite to win in the 100 metres at the 2011 World Championships in Daegu, Bolt was eliminated from the final for a false start.[153] Usain Bolt's countryman, Yohan Blake won in a season best of 9.92 seconds. In the 200m, Bolt cruised through to the final which he won in a time of 19.40s,[154] the fastest time in history never to be a World Record. Bolt also won gold in 4x100 metres relay with team Jamaica setting a world record time of 37.04.
Personal life[link]
Bolt expresses a love for dancing and his character is frequently described as laid-back and relaxed.[19][156][dead link][157] Bolt's Jamaican track and field idols include Herb McKenley and former Jamaican 100 m 200 m world record holder, Don Quarrie. Michael Johnson, the former 200 m world and Olympic record holder, is also held in high esteem by Bolt.[19] The first sport to interest him was cricket and he said if he was not a sprinter he would be a fast bowler instead.[19] As a child he was a supporter of the Pakistani cricket team and admired the bowling of Waqar Younis.[158] He is also a fan of Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar, West Indian opener Chris Gayle[159] and Australian opener Matthew Hayden.[160] During a charity cricket match Bolt clean-bowled Chris Gayle. Gayle was complimentary of Bolt's pace and swing.[161] Bolt also struck a six off Chris Gayle's bowling. Another bowler complimentary of Bolt's pace was former West Indies fast-bowling great Curtly Ambrose.[162]
Bolt has also expressed his love for football and is a fan of Manchester United as well as Real Madrid.[163] Bolt has also declared he is a fan of Dutch striker Ruud van Nistelrooy.[164] Following a race in Manchester, he met the team at their training ground and offered Portuguese national Cristiano Ronaldo some sprinting advice.[165] Bolt was a special guest of Manchester United at the 2011 UEFA Champions League final in London, where he stated he'd like to play for them after he retires.[166]
In 2010, he also revealed his fondness of music, when he played a reggae DJ set to a crowd in Paris.[167]
Sponsorships and advertising work[link]
After winning the 200 m title in the 2002 World Junior Championships in Kingston, Jamaica, Bolt signed a sponsorship deal with Puma.[168] To promote Bolt's chase for Olympic glory in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, Puma released a series of videos including Bolt's then-world-record-setting run in Icahn Stadium and his Olympic preparations.[169] After his world record breaking run in New York City, which was preceded by a lightning storm,[170] the press frequently made puns on the Jamaican's name, nicknaming him "Lightning Bolt" and the "Bolt from the blue".[171][172][173][dead link] During the Beijing 2008 100 m final, Bolt wore golden Puma Complete Theseus spikes that had "Beijing 100 m Gold" emblazoned across them.[174] His athletics agent is PACE Sports Management.[175]
In January 2012, Usain Bolt impersonated Richard Branson in a Ad Campaign for Virgin Media.[176] The multi-million pound campaign was directed by Seth Gordon and features Virgin founder Branson to promote its superfast broadband service. In March 2012, he starred in an ad for Visa and the London 2012 olympics.[177]
Book Deal[link]
In 2010, Bolt signed a lucrative publishing deal with HarperCollins for an autobiography, which was negotiated by Chris Nathaniel of NVA Management.[178] This is scheduled for release in 2012. During a press conference in Paris on 15 July 2010, Bolt declined any comment on what would be contained within the book saying, "you can't really give away anything in your book ... should be exciting, it's my life, and I'm a cool and exciting guy".[163]
Recognition[link]
As a result of Bolt's successes in athletics, he was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for 2009 and 2010.[179][180]
- IAAF World Athlete of the Year: 2008, 2009
- Track & Field Athlete of the Year: 2008, 2009
- Laureus World Sportsman of the Year: 2009, 2010
- BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year: 2008, 2009
Statistics[link]
As of 28 August 2010 (2010 -08-28)[update]
Personal bests[link]
| Event | Time (seconds) | Venue | Date | Records | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 metres | 9.58 | Berlin, Germany | 16 August 2009 |   |
Also shares the second fastest time of 9.69 with Tyson Gay. Bolt's 9.69 set the Olympic record in 2008. |
| 150 metres | 14.35 | Manchester, United Kingdom | 17 May 2009 | World best[5] | He ran the last 100 m in 8.70, the fastest ever recorded time over a 100 m distance. This would equal an average speed of 41.38 km/h. |
| 200 metres | 19.19 | Berlin, Germany | 20 August 2009 | |
Also holds the Olympic Record with 19.30, at the time (2008) a new world record. |
| 300 metres | 30.97 | Ostrava, Czech Republic | 27 May 2010 | This is the second fastest time, behind Michael Johnson's 30.85. | |
| 400 metres | 45.28[12] | Kingston, Jamaica | 5 May 2007 | ||
| 4 × 100 metres relay | 37.04 | Daegu, South Korea | 4 September 2011 | |
Shared with Yohan Blake, Michael Frater and Nesta Carter. |
Records[link]
Bolt's personal best of 9.58 seconds in the 100 metres is the fastest ever legal time.[77] Bolt also holds the second fastest time of 9.69 seconds (more precisely 9.683),[75] the current Olympic record.[77] Tyson Gay recorded a time of 9.68 s at the 2008 US Olympic Trials, but was aided with a tail wind of 4.1 m/s, exceeding the legal limit of 2.0 m/s set by the IAAF and nullifying its inclusion as a world record.[182] Obadele Thompson's run of 9.69 s in 1996 is also not recognised as it was aided by a 5.0 m/s tail wind.[77]
Bolt's personal best of 19.19 s in the 200 metres is the world record. This was recorded at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics in Berlin against a headwind of −0.3 m/s. He has also broken the Olympic record with a time of 19.30 s (more precisely 19.296 s)[183]
The Jamaican relay team including Bolt, set the 4x100 metres world and Olympic records at the 2008 Olympics with a time of 37.10 seconds. This is the only run in the IAAF top ten performances which was not set by an American team.[184]
Bolt also holds the 200 metres world teenage best results for the age categories 15 (20.58 s), 16 (20.13 s, world youth record), 17 (19.93 s) and 18 (19.93 s, world junior record).[75] He also holds the 150 metres world best set in 2009, during which he ran the last 100 metres in 8.70 seconds, the quickest timed 100 metres ever.[75]
Average speed[link]
From his record time of 9.58 s for the 100 m sprint Usain Bolt's average ground speed equates to: 37.58 km/h or 23.35 mph. However, once his reaction time of 0.15 s is subtracted, his time is closer to 9.43 s, making his average speed closer to 38.18 km/h or 23.72 mph.[185]
Honours[link]
| Year | Competition | Venue | Position | Event | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | World Junior Championships | Kingston, Jamaica | 1st | 200 m | 20.61 |
| 2nd | 4×100 m relay | 39.15 NJR | |||
| 2nd | 4×400 m relay | 3:04.06 NJR | |||
| 2003 | World Youth Championships | Sherbrooke, Canada | 1st | 200 m | 20.40 |
| 2003 | Pan American Junior Championships | Bridgetown, Barbados | 1st | 200 m | 20.13 WYB |
| 2nd | 4×100 m relay | 39.40 | |||
| 2004 | CARIFTA Games | Hamilton, Bermuda | 1st | 200 m | 19.93 WJR |
| 2005 | Central American and Caribbean Championships | Nassau, Bahamas | 1st | 200 m | 20.03 |
| 2006 | World Athletics Final | Stuttgart, Germany | 3rd | 200 m | 20.10 |
| 2006 | IAAF World Cup | Athens, Greece | 2nd | 200 m | 19.96 |
| 2007 | World Championships | Osaka, Japan | 2nd | 200 metres | 19.91 |
| 2008 | Reebok Grand Prix | New York City, United States | 1st | 100 m | 9.72 WR |
| 2008 | Olympic Games | Beijing, China | 1st | 100 metres | 9.69 WR OR |
| 1st | 200 metres | 19.30 WR OR | |||
| 1st | 4×100 metres relay | 37.10 WR OR | |||
| 2009 | World Championships | Berlin, Germany | 1st | 100 metres | 9.58 WR |
| 1st | 200 metres | 19.19 WR | |||
| 1st | 4×100 metres relay | 37.31 CR | |||
| 2011 | World Championships | Daegu, South Korea | |||
| 1st | 200 metres | 19.40 WL | |||
| 1st | 4×100 metres relay | 37.04 WR |
See also[link]
References[link]
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- ^ Philips, Mitch (18 August 2008). "Bolt's bid for double safely under way". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/08/18/us-olympics-athletics-bolt-idUSPEK16519320080818. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ Johnson, Michael (20 August 2008). "Michael Johnson: I think my Olympic 200metres world record is safe from Usain Bolt – for now". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/olympics/2586933/2008-Beijing-Olympics-Michael-Johnson-I-think-my-Olympic-200m-world-record-is-safe----for-now---Olympics.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Jamaican Bolt second in 200 metres heat". BBC Sport. 18 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/athletics/7567252.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Super Bolt eases into 200 metres final". BBC Sport. 19 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/athletics/7570651.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-19.
- ^ a b "Bolt claims 200m gold with record". BBC Sport. 20 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/olympics/athletics/7572131.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "NEWS FLASH – Bolt does the double with 19.30 seconds WORLD RECORD!". IAAF. 20 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/OLY08/news/kind=101/newsid=47045.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Bolt earns sprint double, breaks world record". CBC. 20 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822195527/http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/athletics/story/2008/08/20/mens-200-final.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ a b "Bolt cements greatness, sets world record in 200 with 19.30". Sports Illustrated. 20 August 2008. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/olympics/2008/writers/tim_layden/08/20/bolt.record/index.html. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
- ^ "Bolt grabs third gold and record". BBC Sport. 22 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/athletics/7576737.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
- ^ "NEWS FLASH – World 4x100m record, 37.10s – BOLT and JAMAICA again!". IAAF. 22 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/OLY08/news/kind=100/newsid=47266.html. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
- ^ "Jamaica smashes WR in men's relay". ABC. 22 August 2008. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/08/23/2344289.htm?site=local. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
- ^ ""Lightning" Bolt donates for children in China's quake zone". China Daily. 23 August 2008. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/olympics/2008-08/23/content_6964714.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ Steve, Nearman (25 August 2008). "Bolt not done yet". The Washington Times. http://washingtontimes.com/news/2008/aug/25/bolt-certainly-not-done-making-marks/. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Phillips, Mitch (25 August 2008). "Bolt's Olympic heroics arrive just in time". Reuters. http://africa.reuters.com/sport/news/usnBAN524081.html. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
- ^ Fordyce, Tom (24 February 2004). "The THG scandal explained". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/3210876.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ "Johnson dismisses sabotage claims". BBC Sport. 31 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/5230484.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ "Jones returns five medals from 2000 Sydney Olympics". ESPN. 8 October 2007. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/trackandfield/news/story?id=3054706. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Maese, Rick (24 August 2008). "A cleaner Olympics? Despite drug test numbers, don't count on it". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/sports/printedition/la-sp-olymaese24-2008aug24,0,5371815.story. Retrieved 2008-08-27. [dead link]
- ^ Conte, Victor (18 August 2008). "Conte: World Anti-Doping Agency needs to beef up offseason steroid testing". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/2008olympics/2008/08/18/2008-08-18_conte_world_antidoping_agency_needs_to_b.html. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Broadbent, Rick (18 August 2008). "Usain Bolt: a Jamaican miracle". The Times (UK). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/olympics/article4551396.ece. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Flynn, LeVaughn (3 June 2008). "Usain Bolt and Glen Mills: Long, winding journey to a world record". Jamaica Gleaner. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080603/sports/sports9.html. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ "Bolt ok with tests". Jamaica Gleaner. 27 August 2008. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20080827/sports/sports1.html. Retrieved 2008-08-27.
- ^ Bolt, Usain (2010). Usain Bolt 9.58. HarperCollins. p. 127. ISBN 978-0-00-737139-6.
- ^ a b Turnbull, Simon (30 August 2008). "No fireworks, or lightning, but Bolt eases to another triumph". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/no-fireworks-or-lightning-but-bolt-eases-to-another-triumph-913384.html. Retrieved 2008-08-31.
- ^ Sampaolo, Diego (2 September 2008). "Powell improves to 9.72, Bolt dashes 19.63 in Lausanne – IAAF World Athletics Tour". IAAF. http://www.iaaf.org/GP08/news/kind=100/newsid=47464.html. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ Phillips, Michael (3 September 2008). "Powell threatens Bolt's 100m record". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2008/sep/03/athletics.asafapowell?gusrc=rss&feed=sport. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ Turnbull, Simon (6 September 2008). "Bolt win rounds off a golden summer". The Independent (UK). Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081202152445/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/bolt-win-rounds-off-a-golden-summer-920944.html. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ "Welcoming home our Olympians". Jamaica Gleaner. 5 October 2008. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20081005/lead/lead2.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
- ^ "Bolt and Isinbayeva are World Athletes of the Year – 2008 World Athletics Gala". IAAF. 23 November 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/gala/2008/newsid=48388.html. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ "Bolt sets sights on 400m record". BBC Sport. 15 December 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/athletics/7782760.stm. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
- ^ Bolt maintains improvement over longer sprint. Reuters (2009-02-22). Retrieved on 2009-05-16.
- ^ Clare, Nelson (2009-03-15). Usain Bolt makes a winning start on his return to 100m action. The Independent. Retrieved on 2009-05-16.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (2009-05-13). Bolt Manchester date is still on. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-05-16.
- ^ Markham,Carl (2009-05-15). Bolt runs 14.35 sec for 150m; covers 50m–150m in 8.70 sec!. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-05-17.
- ^ Foster, Anthony (2009-06-28). Bolt 9.86 and Fraser 10.88; Walker and Phillips excel over hurdles – JAM Champs, Day 2[dead link]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
- ^ Foster, Anthony (2009-06-29). Bolt completes double; ‘Not 100%’ Veronica Campbell-Brown runs 22.40 – JAM Champs, Day 3[dead link]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
- ^ Bolt rules out threat to record. BBC Sport (2009-06-28). Retrieved on 2009-06-29.
- ^ Sampaolo, Diego (2009-07-07). Despite the rain, Bolt blasts 19.59sec in Lausanne – IAAF World Athletics Tour. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-07-23.
- ^ "Bolt storms to stunning victory". BBC Sport. 7 July 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/athletics/8139554.stm. Retrieved 2009-07-07.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (2009-08-16). Event Report – Men's 100m – Semi-Final. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-08-16.
- ^ Ramsak, Bob (2009-08-16). Event Report – Men's 100m – Final. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-08-16.
- ^ Clarey, Christopher (2009-08-16). Bolt Shatters 100-Meter World Record . The New York Times. Retrieved on 2009-08-16.
- ^ New World Record for Usain Bolt – from Universal Sports on YouTube
- ^ Mulkeen, Jon (2009-08-20). Event Report – Men's 200m – Final. IAAF. Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Hart, Simon (2009-08-20). World Athletics: Usain Bolt breaks 200 metres world record in 19.19 seconds. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Wallace Spearmon Earns Bronze In 200 As Three Others Advance To World Champ Finals. KBTX (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ "Awesome Bolt breaks 200m record". BBC Sport. 20 August 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/athletics/8213036.stm. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
- ^ 100 Metres – M Final. IAAF (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Kessel, Anna (2009-08-20). 'I aim to become a legend,' says Usain Bolt as he smashes 200m world record. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Men's 200m Final 2008 Olympics[dead link]. NBC (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ Men's 100m Final 2008 Olympics[dead link]. NBC (2009-08-20). Retrieved on 2009-08-21.
- ^ "Jamaica dominates the 400 meter relays". trackalerts.com. 22 August 2009. http://www.trackalerts.com/?p=2812. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
- ^ "Grateful Usain Bolt given 3-ton piece of Berlin Wall". ESPN. ESPN.com. 23 August 2009. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/trackandfield/news/story?id=4417296
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Bolt and Richards are World Athletes of the Year – 2009 World Athletics Gala. IAAF (2009-11-22). Retrieved on 2009-11-22.
- ^ Foster, Anthony (2010-05-02). Bolt sizzles 19.56 in 200m opener in Kingston. IAAF. Retrieved on 2010-05-02.
- ^ Dominant Usain Bolt wins season opener in South Korea. BBC Sport (2010-05-19). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Broadbent, Rick (2010-05-24). Usain Bolt cool on records after sparkling Diamond League debut. The Times. Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Hart, Simon (2010-07-08). Usain Bolt urged by doctors to stick with 100m until injury worries clear. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Hart, Simon (2010-05-27). Usain Bolt falls just short of 300m world record at Golden Spike meeting in Ostrava. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Bolt beats Blake, Martina. ESPN (2010-07-08). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Bolt beats rival Powell in Paris Diamond League 100m. BBC Sport (2010-07-16). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Tyson Gay beats Usain Bolt over 100m for first time. BBC Sport (2010-08-06). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ Stockholm packs in tight to see Gay finish well clear of Bolt, 9.84–9.97 – REPORT – Samsung Diamond League. IAAF (2010-08-06). Retrieved on 2010-08-08.
- ^ "Usain Bolt false starts, eliminated in final". ESPN. 28 August 2011. http://espn.go.com/olympics/trackandfield/story/_/id/6903427/world-championships-usain-bolt-eliminated-100-meter-final-false-start.
- ^ "Bolt claims 200m gold in Daegu with dominant run". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/09/03/athletics.bolt.wins.pistorius/. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ O'Leary, Chris (15 June 2010). "Bolt’s Line Goes Out "To Di World"". Slam Online. http://www.slamonline.com/online/kicks/2010/06/bolts-line-goes-out-to-di-world. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
- ^ Gullan, Scott (17 August 2008). "Usain Bolt wins 100m gold at the Beijing Olympics". The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/beijing_olympics/story/0,27313,24188957-5017607,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Fletcher, Damian; Armstrong, Jeremy (18 August 2008). "Olympic 100m hero Usain Bolt powered by chicken nuggets and yams". The Daily Mirror. UK. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2008/08/18/olympic-sprint-hero-usain-bolt-s-chicken-nuggets-diet-secret-115875-20702431/. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Mountford, Adam (8 February 2009). "Windies triumph delights Bolt". BBC Sport. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/tms/2009/02/windies_triumph_delights_bolt.shtml. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ^ "Usain Bolt likes to watch Sachin, Gayle". MSN. 22 August 2008. Archived from the original on 22 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822212343/http://sports.in.msn.com/cricket/stories/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1639772. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
- ^ "Usain Bolt gives respect to cricketer Matthew Hayden". Herald Sun. 22 August 2008. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24222032-2882,00.html. Retrieved 2008-08-25.
- ^ "Gayle returns as Windies skipper". BBC News. 2 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/west_indies/8338865.stm.
- ^ "Lightning Bolt blows over Gayle". BBC News. 19 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/other_international/west_indies/8313778.stm.
- ^ a b "Lightning Bolt strikes Paris". RFI. http://www.english.rfi.fr/sports/20100718-lightning-bolt-strikes-paris. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ fourfourtwo interview. fourfourtwo
- ^ Bolt offers tips to Ronaldo at Manchester United training . The Independent (2009-05-15). Retrieved on 2009-06-15.
- ^ "Usain Bolt: I could play for Man Utd when I retire". ESPN Soccernet. 9 June 2011. http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/927021/usain-bolt:-i-could-play-for-man-utd-when-i-retire?cc=5901. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ "Usain Bolt turns DJ in Paris". The Daily Telegraph (London). 16 July 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newsvideo/weirdnewsvideo/7893446/Usain-Bolt-turns-DJ-in-Paris.html.
- ^ "PUMA's Usain Bolt breaks 100m World Record". Puma. 3 June 2008. Archived from the original on 1 August 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080801210821/http://about.puma.com/EN/3/23/23/news_id=125. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Puma running – Chasing Bolt". Puma. http://www.pumarunning.com/#EN/running/content/main/chasingBOLT. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ Rowbottom, Mike (2 June 2008). "'Lightning' Bolt storms to record in 100 metres". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/athletics/lightning-bolt-storms-to-record-in-100-metres-838174.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Lightning Bolt's Irish connection". BBC Sport. 20 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7571436.stm. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ "Lightning Bolt makes giant leap". Evening Herald. 18 August 2008. http://www.herald.ie/sport/other-sports/lightning-bolt-makes-giant-leap-1458032.html. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ Sinai, Allon (17 August 2008). "Allon Sinai's Olympic Diary: A Bolt from the blue strikes the Nest". The Jerusalem Post. http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1218710379961&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ Weiner, Jay (16 August 2008). "Usain Bolt blazes to top of 100 metre lore". Sporting News. http://www.sportingnews.com/yourturn/viewtopic.php?t=446511. Retrieved 2008-08-18. [dead link]
- ^ Athlete Profile Usain Bolt. PACE Sports Management. Retrieved on 2009-05-12.
- ^ "Usain Bolt mimics Richard Branson in Virgin Media superfast broadband ad". Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/jan/13/usain-bolt-richard-branson-virgin-media. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Levy, Leighton (20 March 2012). "Bolt Stars In Visa Ad". The Gleaner. http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20120320/sports/sports2.html. Retrieved 1 April 2012.
- ^ Sale, Charles (19 February 2010). "Globetrotter David Dein is on board with the England 2018 World Cup bid at last". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/article-1252083/Charles-Sale-Globetrotter-David-Dein-board-England-2018-World-Cup-bid-last.html.
- ^ "Fastest man on Earth Usain Bolt wins Laureus World Sportsman of the Year Award". http://www.laureus.com/press_releases?article_id=1652. Retrieved 2009-11-06.
- ^ "2010 Laureus World Sports Awards Winners are Announced". http://www.laureus.com/press_releases?article_id=1975. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
- ^ a b "Athletes – Bolt Usain Biography". Iaaf.org. http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/country=JAM/athcode=184599/index.html. Retrieved 2012-02-18.
- ^ Hersh, Philip (30 June 2008). "Though wind nullifies a world record, Gay's 9.68-second 100 is the fastest in history". The Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/sports/printedition/la-sp-track30-2008jun30,0,1476474.story. Retrieved 2008-08-18. [dead link]
- ^ "200 Metres All Time". IAAF. 21 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=O/age=N/season=0/sex=M/all=y/legal=A/disc=200/detail.htmx. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
- ^ "4x100 Metres Relay All Time". IAAF. 22 August 2008. http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=O/age=N/season=0/sex=M/all=y/legal=A/disc=4x1/detail.htmx. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
- ^ http://berlin.iaaf.org/images/photofinish/3658/m_100_f_1.jpg
External links[link]
 |
Wikinews has related news: Usain Bolt sets new world record in 100m sprint |
|
Wikinews has related news: Usain Bolt to run 150 metre race in Manchester |
- Media related to Usain Bolt at Wikimedia Commons
- IAAF profile for Usain Bolt
- Official website
- Usain Bolt on Twitter
- Usain Bolt timeline via The Daily Telegraph
- Lightning Strikes Twice – slideshow by The First Post
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
Preceded by Asafa Powell |
Men's 100 metres World Record Holder 31 May 2008 – |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
| Preceded by Michael Johnson |
Men's 200 metres World Record Holder 20 August 2008 – |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded by Asafa Powell Christopher Gayle |
Jamaica Sportsman of the Year 2008, 2009 2011 |
Succeeded by Christopher Gayle Incumbent |
| Preceded by Asafa Powell |
CAC Male Athlete of the Year 2008 |
Incumbent |
| Preceded by Tyson Gay |
Men's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 2008, 2009 |
Succeeded by David Rudisha |
| Preceded by Tyson Gay David Rudisha |
IAAF World Athlete of the Year 2008, 2009 2011 |
Succeeded by David Rudisha Incumbent |
Preceded by Roger Federer |
BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year 2008, 2009 |
Succeeded by Rafael Nadal |
| L'Équipe Champion of Champions 2008, 2009 |
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| Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2009, 2010 |
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| Preceded by Tyson Gay |
Best Track and Field Athlete ESPY Award 2009 |
Succeeded by Tyson Gay |
| Achievements | ||
| Preceded by Asafa Powell |
Men's season's best performance, 100 metres 2008, 2009 |
Succeeded by Tyson Gay |
| Preceded by Tyson Gay |
Men's season's best performance, 200 metres 2008, 2009, 2010 |
Succeeded by Yohan Blake |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bolt, Usain |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Jamaican athlete |
| Date of birth | 21 August 1986 |
| Place of birth | Trelawny, Jamaica |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Usain_Bolt
Related pages:
http://cs.wn.com/Usain Bolt
http://id.wn.com/Usain Bolt
http://es.wn.com/Usain Bolt
http://ru.wn.com/Болт, Усэйн
http://it.wn.com/Usain Bolt
http://pl.wn.com/Usain Bolt
http://fr.wn.com/Usain Bolt
http://de.wn.com/Usain Bolt
http://hi.wn.com/उसैन बोल्ट
http://pt.wn.com/Usain Bolt
http://nl.wn.com/Usain Bolt
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usain_Bolt
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Jean Michel Jarre | |
|---|---|
 Jarre in Milan, 2008 |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1948-08-24) 24 August 1948 (age 63) |
| Origin | Lyon, France |
| Genres | Ambient New Age Electronic rock Early trance Progressive rock |
| Occupations | Composer, musician, artist, producer |
| Instruments | Synthesizer, piano, organ, laser harp, accordion, guitar, bass guitar |
| Years active | 1969–present |
| Labels | Disques Dreyfus, Polydor/PolyGram, Epic/SME, Warner Bros., EMI |
| Website | www.jeanmicheljarre.com |
Jean Michel André Jarre (born 24 August 1948 in Lyon) is a French composer, performer and music producer. He is a pioneer in the electronic, ambient and New Age genres, and known as an organiser of outdoor spectacles of his music featuring lights, laser displays, and fireworks.
Jarre was raised in Lyon by his mother and grandparents, and trained on the piano. From an early age he was introduced to a variety of art forms, including those of street performers, jazz musicians, and the artist Pierre Soulages. He played guitar in a band, but his musical style was perhaps most heavily influenced by Pierre Schaeffer, a pioneer of musique concrète at the Groupe de Recherches Musicales.
His first mainstream success was the 1976 album Oxygène. Recorded in a makeshift studio at his home, the album sold an estimated 12 million copies. Oxygène was followed in 1978 by Équinoxe, and in 1979 Jarre performed to a record-breaking audience of more than a million people at the Place de la Concorde, a record he has since broken three times. More albums were to follow, but his 1979 concert served as a blueprint for his future performances around the world. Several of his albums have been released to coincide with large-scale outdoor events, and he is now perhaps as well known as a performer as a musician.
As of 2004 Jarre had sold an estimated 80 million albums. He was the first Western musician to be allowed to perform in the People's Republic of China, and holds the world record for the largest-ever audience at an outdoor event.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life, influences, and education[link]
Jean Michel Jarre was born in Lyon on 24 August 1948, to composer Maurice Jarre and French Resistance member and concentration camp survivor France Pejot.[1][2][3] His father moved to the United States when Jarre was five, leaving him with his mother;[4] the two did not meet again until he was eighteen.[2] For the first eight years of his life, Jarre spent six months of each year at his grandparents' flat along the Cours de Verdun, in the Perrache district of Lyon. Jarre's grandfather was an oboe player, engineer and inventor, designing an early audio mixer used at Radio Lyon. He also gave Jean Michel his first record player.[5] From his vantage point high above the pavement, the young Frenchman was able to watch street performers at work, an experience he later cited as proving influential on his later art.[2][6]
Jarre struggled with his classical piano studies, although he later changed teachers and worked on his scales.[7] A more general interest in musical instruments was sparked by his discovery at the Saint-Ouen flea market of a Boris Vian Trumpet Violin. He often accompanied his mother to Le Chat Qui Pêche (The Fishing Cat), a friend's Paris jazz club, where saxophonists Archie Shepp and John Coltrane, and trumpet players Don Cherry and Chet Baker were regular performers. These early Jazz experiences suggested to him that music may be "descriptive, without lyrics".[2][8] He was also influenced by the work of French artist Pierre Soulages, whose exhibition at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris he attended. Soulages' paintings used multiple textured layers, and Jarre realised that "for the first time in music, you could act as a painter with frequencies and sounds."[2] He was also influenced by more traditional music; in a 2004 interview for The Guardian, he spoke of the effect that a performance of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring had upon him:
This is where Stravinsky created it in 1913, and it was a huge shock. I also saw the last concert by the great Arabic singer Om Khalsoum. She is the goddess, the Maria Callas of the Orient. Then I heard "Georgia on My Mind" by Ray Charles, and I realised that music can talk to your tummy. I was so impressed by the organic sensuality coming from Ray Charles's music – there was no intellectual process and it was great.[9]
As a young man he funded his lifestyle by painting, exhibiting some of his works at the Lyon Gallery – L'Œil écoute, and by playing in a band called Mystère IV. While he studied at the Lycée Michelet, his mother arranged for him to take lessons in harmony, counterpoint and fugue with Jeannine Rueff of the Conservatoire de Paris.[7][8] In 1967 he played guitar in a band called The Dustbins, who appear in the film Des garçons et des filles. He mixed instruments including the electric guitar and the flute, and tape effects and other sounds.[2] More experimentation followed in 1968, when he began to use tape loops, radios and other electronic devices, but joining the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM) in 1969,[7][10] then under the direction of Pierre Schaeffer ("father" of musique concrète), proved hugely influential.[11] Jarre was introduced to the Moog modular synthesizer and spent time working at the studio of influential German composer Karlheinz Stockhausen in Cologne.[12][13][14]
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In the kitchen of his flat on Rue de la Trémoille, near the Champs-Élysées, he set up a small recording studio. It included his first synthesiser, an EMS VCS 3,[15] and an EMS Synthi AKS, each linked to Revox tape machines. For a 1969 exposition at the Maison de la Culture (Cultural House) in Reims Jarre wrote the five-minute song "Happiness Is a Sad Song", but his first commercial release came in 1969 with La Cage/Erosmachine, a mixture of harmony, tape effects and synthesisers.[16]
1970s[link]
In 1971 Jarre was commissioned by choreographer Norbert Schmucki to perform a ballet called AOR (in Hebrew, "light"), at the Palais Garnier.[17][18] He also composed music for ballet, theatre, advertisements and television programs,[7] as well as music and lyrics for artists like Patrick Juvet and Christophe.[2] Jarre composed the soundtrack for Les Granges Brûlées[19] and in 1972 wrote music for the International Festival of Magic.[20] That year he also released his first solo album, Deserted Palace,[16] and from 1973–74 wrote music for Françoise Hardy and Gérard Lenorman, as well as directing Christophe's Olympia show.[20]
Jarre's 1976 low budget solo album Oxygène, recorded at his home studio, made him internationally famous. It comprises six numbered synthesiser tracks that make strong use of melody, rather than rhythm or dissonance. A Scully eight-track recorder was used to record instruments like the Eminent 310 (with an Electro-Harmonix Small Stone phaser on its string pads) and the Korg Minipops drum machine. Liberal use of echo was used on the various sound effects generated by the VCS3 synthesiser.[11][21] Jarre's ARP 2600 synthesiser, previously used on his collaborations with Christophe, also featured, as did his EMS VCS 3.[15]
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Oxygène initially proved difficult to sell. Jarre was turned down by several record companies, until another of Schaeffer's students, Hélène Dreyfus, persuaded her husband to publish the album on his label, Disques Motors.[2] The first pressing of 50,000 copies was promoted through hi-fi shops, clubs and discos,[21][22] and by April 1977 the album had sold 70,000 copies in France. When interviewed in Billboard magazine, Dreyfus's director Stanislas Witold said "In a sense we're putting most of our bets on Jean Michel Jarre. He is quite exceptional and we're sure that by 1980 he will be recognised worldwide."[23] Oxygène has since sold an estimated 12 million copies, the best-selling French record of all time.[7] It reached number 2 in the UK, number 65 in Canada and broke the top 100 in the US. It also contains his most recognisable single, "Oxygène IV", which reached number 4 in the UK single charts.[13][24][11][25]
Jarre's follow-up album, Équinoxe, was released in 1978. It was composed with sequencers, particularly on the bass, and features a more baroque and classical style than Oxygène, with more emphasis on melodic development.[26] It was less successful than Oxygène, but the following year Jarre held a large open-air concert on Bastille Day, at the Place de la Concorde.[2][25] The free outdoor event set a new world record for the largest number of spectators ever at an open-air concert, drawing more than 1 million spectators, with a television audience of over 100 million watching live.[7][27][28] The crowds were so large that Jarre's wife, Charlotte Rampling, found it difficult to access the venue. Although it was not the first time he had performed in concert (Jarre had already played at the Paris Opera Ballet), the 40 minute-long event, which used projections of light, images and fireworks, served as a blueprint for Jarre's future concerts.[2][7] Its popularity helped create a surge in sales—a further 800,000 records were sold between 14 July and 31 August 1979—and introduced the Frenchman to Francis Rimbert, who now works for Jarre on a full-time basis.[29][30]
1980–1984[link]
By the time Les Chants Magnétiques was released on 20 May 1981, Oxygène and Équinoxe had achieved global sales of about 6 million units. In its first two months the new album sold a reported 200,000 units in France alone.[31] The album uses sounds from the Fairlight CMI, a new instrument of which Jarre was an early pioneer. Its digital technology allowed him to continue his earlier sonic experimentation in new ways.[32]
The album's release coincided with Jarre's first foreign tour. In 1981 the British Embassy gave Radio Beijing[33] copies of Oxygène and Équinoxe, which became the first pieces of foreign music to be played on Chinese national radio in decades. The republic invited Jarre to become the first western musician to play there, with The Concerts in China. The performances were scheduled to run from 18 October to 5 November 1981.[31] The first, in Beijing, was initially attended mostly by officials, but before the concert began technicians realised that not enough power was available to supply the stage and auditorium. Chinese officials solved the problem by temporarily cutting power to the surrounding districts.[34] The stadium was almost full when the concert began, but as Beijing's buses stopped running at about 10 o'clock, about half the audience left before it finished.[35] To boost the audience attendance for the second night, Jarre and his production team purchased some of the concert tickets and gave them to children on the streets (Jarre originally wanted the concerts to be free, but the Chinese authorities decided to charge between £0.20 and £0.50 per ticket).[34] The event was notable for its lack of audience involvement; the Chinese were apparently nonplussed by both the music and the light show, and applause was muted. The second venue, in Shanghai, was a different matter. Jarre actively encouraged audience participation by stepping into the crowd, which became much more exuberant than that in Beijing.[2] Recordings of the concerts, which featured one of Jarre's signature electronic instruments, the laser harp, were released as a double-disc LP in 1982.[25][36]
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Musique pour Supermarché was created for a planned performance at the "Supermarché" art exhibition. Jarre allowed Radio Luxembourg to broadcast it uninterrupted, in its entirety, before he auctioned off a single vinyl print on 5 July 1983, at the Hôtel Drouot in Paris. The sale raised about 70,000 francs, and in protest at the "silly industrialisation of music",[12] Jarre promised to burn the original tapes in the presence of a bailiff.[37] Parts of the destroyed album were reworked into his next release, Zoolook.[38] It makes heavy use of the Fairlight CMI's ability to sample audio, featuring snippets of words and speech from languages across the globe.[2] Laurie Anderson provided the vocals for the track "Diva". A long list of musicians, including Adrian Belew and Marcus Miller, also made significant contributions.[39] The album was somewhat less successful than Jarre's previous works, reaching only number 47 in the UK album charts.[25]
I've always been involved in ethnic music, though I thought the way a lot of people have been using ethnic music was a little superficial. Sometimes it works, like the Brian Eno stuff, it worked the first time, but for me what was more interesting was not making a particular statement about recording in Africa or in China, but taking some sounds and having exactly the same attitude as when you were in front of a Moog 55 or a modular system, replacing the oscillators with a bank of actors or people, treating them through the Fairlight or the EMS synth, and establishing an orchestration using only voices.[40]
1985–1989[link]
In 1985 Jarre was invited by the musical director of the Houston Grand Opera to perform a concert celebrating Texas's 150th anniversary. Although he was busy with other projects and was at first unimpressed by the proposal, on a later visit to the city he was immediately impressed by the visual grandeur of the city's skyline, and agreed to perform. 1985 also marked the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center,[27] and Jarre was contacted by NASA to integrate the anniversary into the concert.[2]
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Rendez-Vous was created over a period of about two months, and as with Zoolook, contains elements of his 1983 album Musique pour Supermarché.[32] Its three movements represent Houston's development, from a rural economy, to its role as a leader in space technology.[27] Baroque in style, the album uses a mixture of French horns, trombones and violins, and features heavy use of the Elka Synthex, notably so on "Third Rendez-Vous", a track Jarre often performs using a laser harp.[32] Jarre worked with several Houston-based astronauts including Bruce McCandless II, and former Jazz musician Ronald McNair, who was to have played the saxophone on "Rendez-Vous VI", recorded in the weightless environment of space. McNair's planned live performance was curtailed by the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster on 28 January 1986. Consideration was given to the cancellation of the concert, but Jarre was contacted by McCandless and urged to proceed, in memory of the shuttle's crew. McNair's saxophone piece was recorded by Kirk Whalum and retitled "Ron's Piece".[2]
I remember just before take-off, Ron calling me in Paris saying "Everything's ready, see you in a week's time, watch me on television for the take-off" ... I will really, keep always, the bit of Ron's smile and Ron's face in my heart.[2]
About 2,000 projectors shone images onto buildings and giant screens up to 1,200 feet (370 m) high, transforming the city's skyscrapers into spectacular backdrops for an elaborate display of fireworks and lasers.[27] Rendez-vous Houston entered the Guinness Book of Records for its audience of over 1.5 million, beating his earlier record, set in 1979. The display was so impressive that a nearby freeway was blocked by passing vehicles, forcing the authorities to close it for the duration of the concert.[41][42] Several months later he performed to an audience of about a million at his home city of Lyon,[43] in celebration of a visit by Pope John Paul II. Watching from Lyon Cathedral, the Pope began the concert with a good-night blessing, a recording of which appears on Cities In Concert — Houston/Lyon.[2]
In 1988 Jarre released Revolutions. The album spans several genres, including symphonic industrial, Arabian inspired, light guitar pop and ethnic electro jazz. A two hour concert called Destination Docklands was planned for September 1988, to be held at the Royal Victoria Dock in east London.[44] Close to the heart of London, the location was chosen in part for its desolate environment, but also because Jarre thought the architecture was ideally suited for his music. Early in 1988 Jarre met with local officials and members of the community,[45] but Newham Borough Council expressed their fears about the event's safety and delayed their decision on whether to allow the concert to proceed until 12 September[44] eventually rejecting the licence application. The local fire service were also concerned about access in the event of a fire. Site work continued as Jarre's team searched for alternative locations in which to stage the concert, but following improvements to both on and off-site safety Jarre eventually won conditional approval on 28 September to stage two separate performances, from 8–9 October.[45][46]
The floating stage on which Jarre and his musicians performed was built on top of four large barges. Large purpose-built display screens were built, and one of the buildings to be used as a backdrop was painted white. One large mirror ball being transported to the event fell onto the roadside, causing a degree of confusion as some people mistook it for a fallen satellite. World War II searchlights were installed, to illuminate the sky and surrounding architecture.[45] Along with thousands in the surrounding streets and parks, 200,000 people watched Jarre and guests like guitarist Hank Marvin perform in less than ideal conditions. Inclement weather had threatened to break the stage from its moorings, putting paid to the original plan to float the stage across the Royal Victoria Dock. Wind speeds were so high that television cameras were blown over. The audience, which included Diana, Princess of Wales,[43] was on the second evening soaked by rain and wind.[45]
1990s[link]
In 1990 Jarre released En Attendant Cousteau, inspired by the French oceanographer Jacques-Yves Cousteau.[43] On Bastille Day 1990 he performed a concert at La Défense in Paris, attended by a record-breaking audience of about two million people, again beating his earlier world record.[47] He later promoted a concert near the Pyramids of Teotihuacan in Mexico, to be held during the solar eclipse of 11 July 1991. However, with only weeks to go, important equipment had not arrived and the sinking in the Atlantic Ocean of a cargo ship containing the purpose-built pyramidal stage and other technical equipment made staging the concert impossible. Jarre's disappointment was such that he "could not cope with Mexican food for two years".[2] About two years later he released Chronologie, an album which was largely influenced by the techno-music scene. From a technical standpoint the album is a reversion to a concept seen in Jarre's Oxygène/Équinoxe period, where a grandiose overture precedes more rhythmic sections.[48] The album features Jarre's traditional collection of instruments like the ARP 2600 and Minimoog, as well as newer synthesisers such as the Roland JD-800 and the Kurzweil K2000.[49]
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In the state of mind I did Chronologie, it's quite close to what I did for Oxygène, using a lot of the old synthesizers of the 70s, like the Moog synthesizer—which I consider to be the Stradivarius of electronic music—mixed with the digital sound and the beat of the dance scene of the 90s. In a sense, Chronologie is a kind of mixture between the sounds of the 70s and the sounds of the 90s.[48]
Chronologie was performed at a series of 16 performances across Europe called Europe In Concert. These were on a smaller scale than his previous concerts, featuring a miniature skyline, laser imaging and fireworks. Locations included Lausanne, Mont St Michel, London, Manchester, Barcelona, Sevilla and the Versailles Palace near Paris.[50] A concert was also held in Hong Kong in March 1994, to mark the opening of the city's new stadium.[51] Jarre performed many of his most well-known hits at the Concert for Tolerance on Bastille Day in 1995, celebrating the 50th anniversary of the United Nations. The Eiffel Tower was specially lit for the occasion, prompting the installation of a more permanent display.[52] The following December he created the website "A Space for Tolerance", which featured music from En Attendant Cousteau, played while the user browsed a variety of "visual worlds".[53]
In 1997 Jarre returned to the analogue synthesisers of the 1970s with Oxygène 7–13,[54] dedicated to his mentor at the GRM, Pierre Schaeffer, who had died two years before.[55] Eschewing digital techniques developed in the 1980s, in an interview for The Daily Telegraph he said:
The excitement of being able to work on sounds in a tactile, manual, almost sensual way is what drew me to electronic music in the first place ... The lack of limitations is very dangerous. It is like the difference for a painter of getting four tubes with four main colours or being in front of a computer with two million colours. You have to scan the two million colours and when you arrive to the last one you have obviously forgotten the first one. In the Eighties we became archivists and everything became rather cold as a result.[54]
In September that year he set his fourth record for the largest ever outdoor concert audience with a performance at the Moscow State University, celebrating the 850th anniversary of Moscow. The even was viewed by an audience of about 3.5 million.[56][57] The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, had taken place on the same day, and the Frenchman therefore dedicated "Souvenir of China" to her memory, before observing a minute's silence.[58] Another large scale concert followed on 31 December 1999, in the Egyptian desert near Giza. The Twelve Dreams of the Sun celebrated the new millennium and offered a preview of his next album, Métamorphoses. The show featured performances from more than 1,000 local artists and musicians, and was based on ancient Egyptian mythology about the journey of the sun and its effect upon humanity.[59]
2000s[link]
Jarre released his first vocal album, Métamorphoses, in 2000. It was mixed on an early version of Pro Tools, a digital audio workstation designed to record, edit and play back digital audio.[10] Métamorphoses marks a departure from Jarre's earlier work. Sound effects used include radio interference from mobile phones, and Macintalk, a Macintosh program used to generate lyrics on the track "Love, Love, Love". Contributors included Laurie Anderson, who also appeared on Zoolook, Natacha Atlas and Sharon Corr.[20]
Looking back, I enjoyed the album, [Oxygène 7–13] but after I finished it I knew that I had to make a fresh start. I had to go somewhere completely different. Metamorphoses is like a blank page for me, a new beginning.[10]
It was followed in 2001 by Interior Music, which has not been commercially released,[citation needed] and 2002's Sessions 2000, a set of experimental synth-jazz pieces distinct from his previous work. Sessions was well received by Billboard Magazine, which said "He's created a deeply nuanced soundscape that invites repeated listening."[60] A concert in September 2002 at a windfarm near Aalborg in Denmark proved problematic when 22mm of rain fell on the venue, causing long delays for spectators.[61][62] It also marked a change in direction in Jarre's live concerts; from Rendez-vous Houston onwards he had been accompanied by a full complement of live musicians, but at Aaloborg he was accompanied only by the Klarup Girls Choir, Francis Rimbert, Safri Duo and the Aalborg Symphonic Orchestra.[61]
In 2003 he released Geometry of Love, commissioned by Jean-Roch as a soundtrack for his 'V.I.P. Room' nightclub in France. It contains a mix of 'electro-chill' music, with touches of his more traditional style.[63] In October 2004 he returned to China to open its "Year of France" cultural exchange. Jarre gave two performances, the first at the Meridian Gate of the Forbidden City, and the second in Tiananmen Square. More than 15,000 spectators watched the concert at the Meridian Gate, and each concert was transmitted live to television viewers across the country. Jarre collaborated with musician Chen Lin. Accompanying his traditional musical repertoire, 600 projectors shone coloured light and images across various screens and objects.[64]
In September 2004, Jarre released AERO, both a DVD and a CD in one package. Purportedly the world's first album released for 5.1 systems, with it being fully "constructed" in 5.1 surround sound, it contains re-recorded versions of some of his most famous tracks, including tracks from Oxygène and Équinoxe. Accompanying the audio, the DVD features a visual image of Anne Parillaud's eyes, recorded in real time as she listened to the album.[9][65] Jarre used the minimalist imagery to reinforce the audio content of the DVD.[66] The CD was mixed in super-stereo.
In his role of UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador, Jarre performed a concert named Water for Life in Morocco, on 16 December 2006, to celebrate the year of desertification in the world.[67] The performance was in front of the Erg Chebbi Dunes of Merzouga, in the Sahara. A free event, it was attended by about 25,000 people. Images of water and the environment were projected onto nine vertical screens, held in place by sand which was watered to keep it hard. Several permanent drinking fountains were built on the site, along with a permanent electricity installation. Jarre was accompanied by over 60 Moroccan artists.[68]
Jarre released Téo & Téa on 26 March 2007.[69] He described the two computer-generated characters in the video clip of the title track as being "like twins", one female, one male. The album is supposed to describe the different stages of a loving relationship, and explores the idea that the length of such relationships is unpredictable. Its release demonstrated a move away from virtual instruments and computers that Jarre had been using up to that point; he instead chose to use a simplified range of devices, including several new prototype instruments. The album's cover was inspired by the David Lynch film Wild at Heart.[65]
In August 2007 Jarre signed for EMI France. He released an anniversary package containing a special live recording of his classic work, Oxygène, in 3D DVD, live CD and normal 2D DVD formats in November 2007, named Oxygène: New Master Recording. A first for Jarre, the album was recorded live, without tape or hard disk playback, with help from Francis Rimbert, Claude Samard, and Dominique Perrier. The album also contains three extra tracks not found on either the original or remake, which form links between the main movements. Jarre plans to integrate the original analog synthesizers from Oxygène into his next album, and is building a new private recording studio on the outskirts of Paris.[11] In the same year Disques Dreyfus released The Complete Oxygène, containing the original versions of Oxygène and Oxygène 7–13, and remixes of tracks from Oxygène 7–13.[70]
... there are several Eminent String Machines that make up one of the main Oxygene string sounds. Having four of us meant I had to multiply the number of instruments, and finding the equipment was quite a headache, especially as I tried, as much as I could, to avoid using instruments produced after Oxygène. There are one or two exceptions but 95 percent of the instruments are of that time. For me it was really important for the radicalism of the process.[11]
Jarre performed 10 concerts (Oxygène Live) in Paris, from 12–26 December 2007, held in the Théâtre Marigny, a small 1000-seat theatre in the Champs-Élysées. Later in 2008 Jarre performed several concerts to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Oxygène, in theatres in Europe. Following one such performance at the Royal Albert Hall Jarre met Brian May, who proposed he create a concert in Tenerife for the International Year of Astronomy,[71] but a lack of sponsorship meant that the concert did not take place.[72]
In 2009 he was selected as the artistic director of the World Sky Race,[73] and also accepted a role as Goodwill Ambassador for the International Year of Astronomy.[74] In 2009 he started an indoor tour in arenas throughout Europe.[75]
2010s[link]
On 1 March 2010, Jean Michel Jarre started the second leg of his 2009–2010 indoors tour, and on 10 June he was presented with a Lifetime Achievement Award by Mojo magazine.[76]
On 30 May 2011, he released the double CD set Essentials & Rarities. The Essentials disc is a compilation of his most famous work. The Rarities disc includes tracks made before Oxygène.
On 1 July 2011, Jarre performed a large scale concert in Monaco to celebrate the marriage of Prince Albert and his bride Charlene. During the last [quarter] of 2011 he concluded his 3-years tour.
Personal life[link]
Jarre has been married three times. He was married to Flore Guillard from 20 January 1975 until 1977, their daughter Émilie Charlotte was born in 1975 (or 1976) and became a fashion model.[77][78] He met his second wife Charlotte Rampling at a dinner party in St Tropez in 1976.[78] Both were in failing marriages, but they each obtained a divorce (Rampling was married to New Zealander Bryan Southcombe).[79] The two married, Jarre gaining custody of his daughter Émilie Charlotte,[78] and Rampling her son Barnaby. Together they have a son, David. In 1995 photographs in Hello! showed Jarre apparently romantically involved with 31-year old secretary Odile Froument, and in 1996 Jarre and Rampling separated.[79][80] They divorced in 2002.[81] He had a brief relationship with Isabelle Adjani,[82] but married French actress Anne Parillaud in May 2005.[83] In November 2010 the couple announced their divorce.[84]
Jarre has a half-sister Stéphanie Jarre, from Maurice Jarre's other marriages.[24] His half-brother, Kevin Jarre, died in 2011.[85] Although Maurice and Jean-Michel remained estranged, following Maurice's death in 2009 Jarre paid tribute to his legacy.[86] Jarre said about his father:
My father and I never really achieved a real relationship. We probably saw each other 20 or 25 times in our lifetime. When you are able, at my age, to count the times you have seen your father, it says something... I think it's better to have conflict, or, if you have a parent who dies, you grieve, but the feeling of absence is very difficult to fill, and it took me a while to absorb that.[4]
Large concerts[link]
| Date | Audience | Place | Event | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| July 14, 1979 | 1 million | Place de la Concorde, FRA | celebrating the Bastille Day | 1st entry in the Guinness Book Of Records for largest outdoor concert crowd.[2][87] |
| April 5, 1986 | 1.5 million | Houston, USA | celebration of the 150th anniversary of Texas and Houston | 2nd entry in the Guinness Book Of Records. [2][27][88] |
| October 5, 1986 | 0.8 million | Lyon, FRA | The visit of Pope John Paul II to Jarre's hometown of Lyon was celebrated by this event. | / |
| October 8, 9th 1988 | 0.2 million (official) 1 million (unofficial) | London, GBR | Large outdoor concert titled "Destination Docklands" performed in London's docklands, noted for its planning difficulties and poor weather. | / |
| July 14, 1990 | 2.5 million | Paris la Defense, FRA | celebration of the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution | 3rd entry in the Guinness Book Of Records. [2][89][90] |
| July 14, 1995 | 1.25 million | Eiffel Tower, FRA | UNESCO's 50th birthday and UNESCO'S proclaimed year of tolerance | / |
| September 6, 1997 | 3.5 million | Moscow, RUS | Jarre was invited for a concert celebrating the 850th birthday of Moscow | 4th entry in the Guinness Book Of Records (equaled with R. Stewart's 1994 Copacabana concert). |
| July 14, 1998 | 0.6 million | Eiffel Tower, FRA | Bastille Day | / |
Awards and recognition[link]
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An asteroid, 4422 Jarre, has been named in his honour.[103] He is honorary citizen of Gdansk.[104]
Discography[link]
Main article: Jean Michel Jarre discography
As of 2004 Jarre had sold an estimated 80 million albums.[105]
- Studio albums
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See also[link]
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ Sleeman, Taylor & Francis 2003, p. 809.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t (DVD) Making the Steamroller Fly, Image Entertainment, 2003-11-04
- ^ Jarre, Jean-Michel, End of First Week, http://aerojarre.blogspot.com/2010/03/end-of-first-week.html, retrieved 2010-03-10
- ^ a b c Stuart, Julia (2004-08-23), Jean Michel Jarre: Smooth operator, independent.co.uk, http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/jean-michel-jarre-smooth-operator-557538.html, retrieved 2009-03-15
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 13
- ^ Remilleux 1988, p. 12
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hughes & Reader 2003, p. 303
- ^ a b Remilleux 1998, p. 16
- ^ a b Hodgkinson, Will (2004-09-17), Sensual Healing, guardian.co.uk, http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2004/sep/17/4, retrieved 2009-06-20
- ^ a b c Scott, Danny (17 August 2001), Jean Michel Jarre – the Godfather speaks, jarreuk.info & Future Music, http://jarreuk.info/features/futuremusicinterview2000, retrieved 23 June 2009
- ^ a b c d e Flint, Tom (2008-02), Jean Michel Jarre — 30 Years Of Oxygene, soundonsound.com, http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/feb08/articles/jmjarre.htm, retrieved 2009-05-28
- ^ a b Brown, Jonathan (18 February 2008), Jean Michel Jarre: Toujours Jarre, independent.co.uk, archived from the original on 6 October 2010, http://web.archive.org/web/20101006004810/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/jean-michel-jarre-toujours-jarre-782870.html
- ^ a b Snider 2008, p. 257
- ^ Bos, Christian (2007-11-28) (in German), "Synthesizer sind etwas Sinnliches" — Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger, ksta.de, http://www.ksta.de/html/artikel/1195816856258.shtml, retrieved 2009-05-28
- ^ a b Thévenin, Patrick (3 May 2012), Synth-Aesthesia: Jean-Michel Jarre's Favorite Keys, redbullmusicacademy.com, http://www.redbullmusicacademy.com/magazine/jarre-synth, retrieved 5 May 2012
- ^ a b Remilleux 1988, p. 27
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 17
- ^ Bourges – 2002, jeanmicheljarre.com, http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/bourges-2002, retrieved 22 June 2009
- ^ Remilleux, p. 18
- ^ a b c Profile, jeanmicheljarre.com, http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/media/biography, retrieved 22 June 2009
- ^ a b Green, Thomas H. (27 March 2008), Oxygène: ba-boo-boo beew, telegraph.co.uk, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3672108/Oxygene-ba-boo-boo-beew.html, retrieved 14 March 2009
- ^ Hennessey 1978, p. 7
- ^ Kahn & Way 1977, p. 36
- ^ a b Jenkins 2007, p. 159
- ^ a b c d Warwick, Brown & Kutner 2004, pp. 558–559
- ^ Colin Larkin, ed. (17 November 2006) (Registration required), Jarre, Jean-Michel – Equinoxe, Oxford Music Online, http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/epm/81588, retrieved 30 Mary 2009
- ^ a b c d e August, Marilyn (18 April 1986), Frenchman turns Houston into giant stage, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, p. 29, http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=e1MNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RW4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5559,6042453&dq=jarre+rendez-vous+houston, retrieved 28 May 2009
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 57
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 48
- ^ Francis Rimbert – Biography, Intro, etc, francisrimbert.com, 2004, http://www.francisrimbert.com/, retrieved 23 June 2009
- ^ a b Way, Michael (11 July 1981), Jarre off to China to Map Autumn Tour, Billboard Magazine, p. 59, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rCQEAAAAMBAJ, retrieved 23 June 2009
- ^ a b c Remilleux 1998, p. 35
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 68
- ^ a b Remilleux 1998, pp. 74–75
- ^ China Is Exposed To Laser Rock, nytimes.com, 22 October 1981, http://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/22/arts/china-is-exposed-to-laser-rock.html?scp=13&sq=jean%20michel%20jarre&st=cse, retrieved 22 June 2009
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 77
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 32
- ^ This can clearly be heard on bootleg recordings of the original AM broadcast, recordings which Jarre sanctioned on the day of the auction.
- ^ Zoolook sleeve notes, Disques Dreyfus, 1984
- ^ Jenkins 2007, p. 161
- ^ a b Portico & Matlock 2008, p. 86
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 93
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Oxygène Live in Concert 2008, Hill Shorter Ltd (printer), 2008, pp. 10–11
- ^ a b Thames extravaganza threatened by fears, Ocala Star-Banner, 11 September 1988, http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=JtkTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=2wYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5468,5813719&dq=jarre+newham, retrieved 15 June 2011
- ^ a b c d (VHS) Jean-Michel Jarre Destination Docklands, Francis Dreyfus Music, 1989
- ^ People in the News, Eugene Register-Guard, 30 September 1988, http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=S20VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=r-EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6719,7376652&dq=jarre+newham, retrieved 15 June 2011
- ^ Matthews 1994, p. 169
- ^ a b Chronologie & Europe In Concert Interview (Part 1 of 3) – Jean Michel Jarre, youtube.com, 1993, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47c3V3fYrMo, retrieved 20 June 2009
- ^ Chronologie sleeve notes, Disques Dreyfus, 1991
- ^ Europe In Concert - 1993, jeanmicheljarre.com, http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/europe-in-concert-1993, retrieved 20 June 2009
- ^ Holland, Fiona (12 March 1994), Laser show wows stadium crowd, Hong Kong Standard, p. 1
- ^ Concert For Tolerance – 1995, jeanmicheljarre.com, http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/concert-for-tolerance-1995, retrieved 23 June 2009
- ^ LeGrand, Emmanuel (23 March 1996), Jarre Creates an 'Online Space', Billboard Magazine, p. 46, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iQ8EAAAAMBAJ, retrieved 23 June 2009
- ^ a b McCormack, Neil (22 February 1997), Give me that old-time synthesiser music, telegraph.co.uk, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/4707654/Give-me-that-old-time-synthesiser-music.html, retrieved 20 June 2009
- ^ Oxygène 7–13 sleeve notes, Francis Dreyfus Music and Jean Michel Jarre, 1997
- ^ Cacciottolo, Mario (2008-03-28), Jarre breathes again with Oxygene, news.bbc.co.uk, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7314713.stm, retrieved 2009-05-26
- ^ Guinness Book of Records, edition 1998
- ^ a b Wall, Mick (12 January 2008), The keys to my success: Jean Michel Jarre, dailymail.co.uk, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-507681/The-keys-success-Jean-Michel-Jarre.html, retrieved 20 June 2009
- ^ Weber, Bruce (1 February 2000), THE YEAR 2000: THE ENTERTAINMENT; Around the World, Ancient and Modern Creations, nytimes.com, http://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/02/nyregion/the-year-2000-the-entertainment-around-the-world-ancient-and-modern-creations.html?pagewanted=2, retrieved 22 June 2009
- ^ Vleck, Philip van (1 November 2003), Michael Paoletta, ed., Jean Michel Jarre – Sessions 2000, Billboard Magazine, p. 30, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0Q0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA29, retrieved 23 June 2009
- ^ a b Aalborg – 2002, jeanmicheljarre.com, http://www.jeanmicheljarre.com/live-o-graphy/aalborg-2002, retrieved 23 June 2009
- ^ Fans' fear at Danish concert, news.bbc.co.uk, 16 September 2002, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2251649.stm, retrieved 23 June 2009
- ^ Discography – Studio Albums – Geometry of Love, jarreuk.info, http://jarreuk.info/discography/studio-albums/geometryoflove, retrieved 24 June 2009
- ^ Jean Michel Jarre lights up China, news.bbc.co.uk, 2004-10-11, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3733290.stm, retrieved 2009-03-15
- ^ a b Jean Michel Jarre Teo & Tea Interview, youtube.com, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSAY-hknEIc, retrieved 2009-06-19
- ^ BBC Breakfast News (0840), BBC, 2004-09-16
- ^ Jean Michel Jarre celebrates "Water for Life" in the Sahara, portal.unesco.org, 2006-12-19, http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=38273&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html, retrieved 2009-05-27
- ^ Jarre 2007, pp. 38–40
- ^ Téo & Téa, teo-tea.com, http://www.teo-tea.com/, retrieved 2009-06-23
- ^ The Complete Oxygene, dreyfusrecords.com, http://www.dreyfusrecords.com/album_ns.php?d=225&a=12&l=0, retrieved 2009-06-24 [dead link]
- ^ Jean-Michel Jarre: "The extraordinary landscapes of the Canary Islands are very inspiring to my music", iac.es, 2008-07-14, http://www.iac.es/divulgacion.php?op1=16&id=535&lang=en, retrieved 2008-12-10
- ^ (in Spanish) Concierto en Canarias Cancelado, jeanmicheljarre.es, 2009-04-09, http://jeanmicheljarre.es/concierto-en-canarias-cancelado, retrieved 2009-08-11
- ^ Jean-Michel Jarre becomes Artistic Director of the World Sky Race, portal.unesco.org, 2009-02-25, http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=44634&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html, retrieved 2009-05-26
- ^ Jean Michel Jarre acts as Master of Ceremonies for the Global Launch of the International Year of Astronomy (2009), portal.unesco.org, 2009-05-01, http://portal.unesco.org/es/ev.php-URL_ID=45356&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html, retrieved 2009-06-23
- ^ Sullivan, Caroline (2009-05-25), Jean Michel Jarre, guardian.co.uk, http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/may/25/jean-michel-jarre-tour-wembley, retrieved 2009-06-20
- ^ , http://www.mojo4music.com/blog/2010/06/red_carpet_gallery_honours_lis.html
- ^ IMDB,Jean Michel Jarre
- ^ a b c Boucher, Caroline (1993-08-08), How We Met: Jean-Michel Jarre and Charlotte Rampling, independent.co.uk, http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/how-we-met-jeanmichel-jarre-and-charlotte-rampling-1459832.html, retrieved 2009-05-26
- ^ a b Lichfield, John (2003-08-23), Charlotte Rampling: Magnetic, depressed and creative — an actress of our times, independent.co.uk, http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/charlotte-rampling-magnetic-depressed-and-creative--an-actress-of-our-times-536777.html, retrieved 2009-05-26
- ^ 20-year marriage over for Charlotte Rampling and Jean-Michel Jarre, Hello!, 1997-06-21, pp. 24–25
- ^ Byrnes, Sholto (2005-03-26), Charlotte Rampling: In from the cold, independent.co.uk, http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/charlotte-rampling-in-from-the-cold-529788.html, retrieved 2009-05-26
- ^ Adjani splits with unfaithful Jarre, contactmusic.com, 2004-06-25, http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/mndwebpages/adjani%20splits%20with%20unfaithful%20jarre, retrieved 2009-08-02
- ^ Frain, Par Irene (2005-05-19) (in French), Jean-Michel Jarre Anne Parillaud, Rebelles...et mariés, Paris Match
- ^ Torino-Gilles, Loïc (2010-11-19) (in French), Jean-Michel Jarre et Anne Parillaud, c’est fini!, francesoir.fr, http://www.francesoir.fr/people/jean-michel-jarre-et-anne-parillaud-c-est-fini.57240?ref=nf, retrieved 2010-11-19
- ^ Nelson, Valerie (22 April 2011), Kevin Jarre dies at 56; screenwriter of 'Glory' and 'Tombstone', latimes.com, http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-kevin-jarre-20110422,0,6990580.story, retrieved 6 May 2011
- ^ Rogers, Georgie (2009-04-01), Jarre pays tribute to late father, news.bbc.co.uk, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7976187.stm, retrieved 2009-05-26
- ^ Remilleux 1998, p. 57
- ^ (VHS) Rendez-Vous Houston - A City In Concert, PolyGram Music Video, 1989
- ^ Matthews 1994, p. 169
- ^ (VHS) Paris La Defense - A City In Concert, Genesis, 1992
- ^ Crying all the way to the bank, guardian.co.uk, 2000-01-10, http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2000/jan/10/features11.g21, retrieved 2009-06-20
- ^ Robertshaw & Jones 1978, p. 58
- ^ Masson, Gordon (2000-05-30), Corrs to continue Jarre's IFPI role, Billboard Magazine, http://books.google.com/?id=PA8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA10&dq=jean-michel+jarre, retrieved 2009-06-12
- ^ Jean Michel Jarre Titled Honorary Doctor of Mendeleyev University, russia-ic.com, 2008-11-19, http://www.russia-ic.com/news/show/7410/, retrieved 2009-05-28
- ^ (in Russian) Почетные доктора >> Жан-Мишель Жарр, muctr.ru, http://www.muctr.ru/about/hondoc/jarre.php?phrase_id=282701, retrieved 2009-05-28
- ^ Red Carpet Gallery: Honours List 2010, mojo4music.com, http://www.mojo4music.com/blog/2010/06/red_carpet_gallery_honours_lis.html, retrieved 2010-06-10
- ^ MOJO Honours List 2010: The Winners Revealed!, mojo4music.com, http://www.mojo4music.com/blog/2010/06/mojo_honours_list_2010_winners.html, retrieved 2010-06-10
- ^ A Memorable Night, Jean-Michel Jarre, http://aerojarre.blogspot.com/2010/06/memorable-night.html, retrieved 2010-06-12
- ^ (in French) Les Grand Prix 2010, SACEM, http://www.sacem.fr/cms/home/createurs-editeurs/grands_Prix/grands-prix-2010, retrieved 2010-11-29
- ^ (in Italian) Gran Ballo della Calvachina..., Il Gazzettino, http://www.gazzettino.it/articolo.php?id=140737&sez=CARNEVALE, retrieved 2011-04-18
- ^ (in French) Culture : les décorés du 14 juillet 2011, Louvre Pour Tous, http://www.louvrepourtous.fr/Culture-les-decores-du-14-juillet,678.html, retrieved 2011-07-14
- ^ (in French) La promotion du 14 juillet de la Légion d'honneur, Le Figaro, http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2011/07/14/01016-20110714DIMWWW00310-la-promotion-du-14-juillet-de-la-legion-d-honneur.php, retrieved 2011-07-14
- ^ (4422) Jarre, cfa-www.harvard.edu, 1990-10-04, http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/special/rocknroll/0004422.html, retrieved 2009-05-05
- ^ Polonia: independencia con incidentes.
- ^ Disques Dreyfus Announces the American Release of 'The Jean Michel Jarre Collection', dreyfusrecords.com, 17 February 2004, archived from the original on 13 February 2008, http://web.archive.org/web/20080213180012/http://www.dreyfusrecords.com/news_article_ns.php?l=0&n=18, retrieved 5 May 2012
- Bibliography
- Kahn, Henry; Way, Michael (1977), Target Entire World, Billboard, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xCMEAAAAMBAJ, retrieved 2009-05-27
- Hennessey, Mike (1978-08-12), The French Revolution, Billboard, http://books.google.com/?id=JyQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT49&dq=oxygene+jarre, retrieved 2009-05-27
- Hughes, Alex; Reader, Keith (2003), Encyclopedia of contemporary French culture, CRC Press, ISBN 0-203-00330-6, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=getDruRAaqgC
- Jarre, Jean Michel (2007), The Making of Water for Life, Erg Chebbi Sand Dunes, Sahara Desert, Merzouga, Morocco, Idesine, ISBN 1-903527-23-6
- Jenkins, Mark (2007), Analog synthesizers, Elsevier, ISBN 0-240-52072-6, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=c3EHIpo0DKwC
- Matthews, Peter, ed. (1994), Guinness Book of Records, 41st Edition 1995, Guinness Publishing Ltd, ISBN 0-85112-736-3
- Portico; Matlock, Glen (2008), The Little Black Book of Setlists, Anova Books, ISBN 1-906032-11-4
- Remilleux, Jean-Louis (1988), Jean-Michel Jarre (English ed.), Futura Publications Ltd, ISBN 0-7088-4263-1
- Robertshaw, Nick; Jones, Peter (1978-04-11), Midam Galas Delight, Billboard, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6yMEAAAAMBAJ, retrieved 2009-05-27
- Sleeman, Elizabeth; Taylor; Francis (2003), The International Who's Who 2004, Europa Publications ltd, Routledge, ISBN 1-85743-217-7, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=neKm1X6YPY0C
- Snider, Charles (2008), The Strawberry Bricks Guide to Progressive Rock, Lulu.com, ISBN 0-615-17566-X, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9nkarh6kA8oC
- Warwick, Neil; Brown, Tony; Kutner, Jon (2004), The complete book of the British charts: singles & albums (3 ed.), Omnibus Press, ISBN 1-84449-058-0, http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ib4MyAIpe3MC
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jean-Michel Jarre |
- Official website
- Official blog
- Jean Michel Jarre – live@ Bucharest (review+photos)
- Official collaborative photobase
- Jarre Discography
- Jarre Technologies Official Website with AeroSystem One IPhone Speaker Dock
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jarre, Jean-Michel André |
| Alternative names | Jarre, Jean-Michel; Jarre, Jean Michel |
| Short description | Composer, performer, music producer |
| Date of birth | 24 August 1948 |
| Place of birth | Lyon, France |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jean_Michel_Jarre
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http://ru.wn.com/Жарр, Жан-Мишель
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Michel_Jarre
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the Australian rules footballer, see Campbell Brown (footballer).
| Campbell Brown | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Alma Dale Campbell Brown (1968-06-14) June 14, 1968 (age 44) Ferriday, Louisiana, United States[1][2] |
| Education | Regis University |
| Occupation | Broadcast journalist |
| Notable credit(s) | Co-anchor of Weekend Today Anchor of CNN Election Center Anchor of Campbell Brown: No Bias, No Bull Anchor of Campbell Brown |
| Religion | raised Roman Catholic, converted to Judaism |
| Spouse | Dan Senor (2006 - present) |
| Children | Eli James Senor (b. December 18, 2007) Asher Liam Senor (b. April 6, 2009) |
| Awards | Emmy Award |
Campbell Brown (born June 14, 1968) is a former American television news reporter and anchor. She previously hosted an eponymous primetime show on CNN and was formerly co-anchor of NBC's Weekend Today. Brown won an Emmy as part of the NBC team reporting on Hurricane Katrina while with NBC.[3][4]
On May 18, 2010, Brown announced that she would be leaving CNN.[5]
Contents |
Early life and family[link]
Campbell Brown was born Alma Dale Campbell Brown on June 14, 1968 in Ferriday, Louisiana, the daughter of former Louisiana Democratic State Senator, Secretary of State, and Insurance Commissioner James H. "Jim" Brown Jr., and Brown's first wife, artist Dale Campbell Fairbanks.[1][2] According to Brown, "Alma Dale" was her grandmother's name, while "Campbell" was her mother's birth surname.[6]
Brown was raised Roman Catholic,[7] though her father is Presbyterian. She has two sisters.[8] She grew up in Ferriday, Louisiana and attended Trinity Episcopal Day School. She was also a cheerleader. She was expelled from the elite Madeira School for sneaking off campus to go to a party.[9] Brown attended Louisiana State University for two years before graduating from Regis University. After graduation, she spent a year teaching English in (former) Czechoslovakia.[10]
On April 2, 2006, Brown married Daniel Samuel Senor, formerly chief spokesperson for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq.[8][11] Brown converted to Judaism, her husband's faith.[7][12] Brown was married briefly before, to a Washington real estate broker.[9]
On June 24, 2007, Brown announced on Weekend Today that she and her husband were expecting their first child.[13] On December 18, 2007, Brown gave birth to a son, Eli James Senor, named after his grandfather, James Senor.
On October 27, 2008, during a guest appearance on The Daily Show, Brown announced her second pregnancy.[14] On April 6, 2009, Brown gave birth to a second son, Asher Liam Senor. She returned from maternity leave on Monday, June 1.[15]
Career[link]
She began her career in local news reporting for KSNT-TV, the NBC affiliate in Topeka, Kansas, and then for WWBT-TV, the NBC affiliate in Richmond, Virginia, and also reported for WBAL-TV in Baltimore, Maryland, and WRC-TV in Washington, D.C. Brown joined NBC News in 1996. She was later assigned to The Pentagon and covered the war in Kosovo. Before Weekend Today, she was the White House correspondent for NBC News.
Presidential election coverage in 2000[link]
During the 2000 Presidential campaign, she covered George W. Bush as well as the Republican National Convention and Republican primary. She eventually became the primary substitute anchor for Brian Williams on NBC Nightly News. In March 2006, she was named as one of five women who might replace Katie Couric when she would leave The Today Show, but the vacancy was filled by Meredith Vieira.
Move to CNN[link]
See also: Campbell Brown (TV series)
Brown announced July 22, 2007, on Weekend Today, that she would be leaving NBC News after 11 years to devote time to her family and expected baby. CNN confirmed it had hired Brown, and that Brown would start work for CNN in February 2008 (originally November 2007), filling the spot previously held by Paula Zahn, who left the network in turn. Brown began anchoring CNN Election Center, which ran from February through October 2008.[16] The show was renamed Campbell Brown: No Bias, No Bull in October 2008, right before the election in order to ensure a smooth transition when the election was over. Roland Martin filled in as guest host in April and May 2009 while Brown took maternity leave. When she returned in June 2009, the show was renamed again to simply Campbell Brown.
Interviews during the 2008 election season[link]
On September 1, 2008, Brown conducted a controversial interview with Tucker Bounds, a spokesman for Republican Presidential candidate John McCain, concerning vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin. Brown questioned Palin's executive experience and asked for examples of decisions Palin had made as commander-in-chief of the Alaska National Guard. Bounds did not name an example, but stated that Palin had more executive experience than Democratic Presidential candidate Barack Obama. Brown accused Bounds of sidestepping with his answers and repeated some of the same questions. Brown asserted that Senator McCain had made a point of wanting a vice president with a lot of experience, including foreign policy experience, and that his selection of Palin seemed to abandon that principle. She asked Bounds to explain the decision on that basis. Bounds contended that Sen. McCain and Gov. Palin together had more executive experience than Senator Obama and Senator Joe Biden combined. Brown also asked if Palin should accept the Republican vice-presidential nomination given that her teenage daughter is pregnant out of wedlock. The McCain campaign later accused Brown of anti-Republican/McCain bias, alleging that she had "gone over the line." In response, the campaign canceled McCain's scheduled interview with Larry King, but later rescheduled it.[17]
Departure[link]
On May 18, 2010, Brown announced that she would be leaving CNN, after the network agreed to release her from her contract. She stated that poor ratings had been the primary reason for her departure.
- "I'm pretty sure the last time any anchor could honestly ignore ratings was well before I was born. Of course I pay attention to ratings. And simply put, the ratings for my program are not where I would like them to be. It is largely for this reason that I am stepping down as anchor of CNN's Campbell Brown."[5][18]
She went on to say:
- "The 8 p.m. hour in cable news world is currently driven by the indomitable Bill O’Reilly, Nancy Grace, and Keith Olbermann. Shedding my own journalistic skin to try to inhabit the kind of persona that might co-exist in that line-up is simply impossible for me. It is not who I am or who I want to be."[19]
Brown's last day at CNN was on July 21. Beginning on July 22, her 8:00 p.m. prime time slot was filled by a second hour of Rick Sanchez's Rick's List.[20] In October, the show Parker Spitzer debuted at the 8 p.m. time slot.
Other roles[link]
Brown is a Board Member at the International Women's Media Foundation (IWMF).[21]
In popular culture[link]
Brown has been parodied by actress/comedienne Tracey Ullman in her Showtime comedy series Tracey Ullman's State of the Union as well as by Kristen Wiig on Saturday Night Live.
References[link]
- ^ a b "Famous Ferridians". The Town of Ferriday. http://www.townofferriday.com/custom/webpage.cfm?content=content&id=71.
- ^ a b "Campbell Brown (II)". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1226428/. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
- ^ "Nominees for the News and Documentary Emmy Awards". National Television Academy. http://www.emmyonline.org/emmy/docu_27th_nominees.html.
- ^ "Dan Senor & Campbell Brown (profile)". Greater Talent Network Speakers Bureau. http://www.greatertalent.com/speakers/speakers.php?speakerid=667.
- ^ a b "US: Campbell Brown leaving CNN". The Spy Report (Media Spy). 19 May 2010. http://www.mediaspy.org/report/2010/05/19/us-campbell-brown-leaving-cnn/. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ Clehane, Diane (February 26, 2007). "So What Do You Do, Campbell Brown?". Mobile Media News. http://mediabistro.com/articles/cache/a9517.asp. Retrieved July 25, 2007.
- ^ a b http://www.babble.com/CNN-anchor-Campbell-Brown/index4.aspx
- ^ a b Brady, Lois Smith (April 9, 2006). "Weddings & Celebrations: Campbell Brown and Dan Senor". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/09/fashion/weddings/09vows.html?ex=1185508800&en=24a9da1217109c85&ei=5070. Retrieved July 24, 2007.
- ^ a b St. John, Warren (November 23, 2003). "A Potential Contender In a Post-Couric Derby". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/23/style/a-potential-contender-in-a-post-couric-derby.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ^ "Anchors & Reporters: Campbell Brown". CNN. Archived from the original on 2008-07-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20080711232404/http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/brown.campbell.html. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (April 2, 2006). "NBC's Campbell Brown Gets Married". People (People.com). http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1179281,00.html.
- ^ "Power couple discusses politics, war and marriage". Cleveland Jewish News. October 25, 2007. http://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/articles/2007/10/25/news/local/couple1026.txt.
- ^ Silverman, Stephen M. (June 25, 2007). "NBC's Campbell Brown to Be a Mom". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20043649,00.html. Retrieved July 5, 2007.
- ^ http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/cnn/campbell_brown_pregnant_98688.asp
- ^ "Campbell Brown Welcomes Baby Asher Liam Senor". The Huffington Post. April 6, 2009. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/06/campbell-brown-welcomes-b_n_183767.html. Retrieved April 6, 2009.
- ^ "Campbell Brown Quietly Begins Her Tenure At CNN". StarPulse.com. March 31, 2008. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2008/03/31/campbell_brown_quietly_begins_her_tenure. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
- ^ Brown, Campbell (September 5, 2008). "Brown: Tucker Bounds interview becomes lightning rod". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/09/05/brown.bounds/.
- ^ "Campbell Brown Leaving CNN After Network Grants Release From Contract". Mediaite. 18 May 2010. http://www.mediaite.com/tv/campbell-brown-leaving-cnn-after-network-grants-release-from-contract/. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
- ^ "Campbell Brown to Leave CNN". The New York Times. May 18, 2010. http://www.mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/05/18/campbell-brown-to-leave-cnn/.
- ^ http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/cnn/rick_sanchez_ricks_list_moving_to_8_pm_167378.asp
- ^ IWMF website http://www.iwmf.org/staff.aspx
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Campbell Brown |
- Campbell Brown at MSNBC.com
- Campbell Brown at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Campbell Brown in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Campbell Brown collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- TVNewser confirmation of move to CNN
| Media offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Soledad O'Brien |
Weekend Today Co-Anchor with Lester Holt 2003 - July 22, 2007 |
Succeeded by Amy Robach (Saturday) Jenna Wolfe (Sunday) |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Brown, Campbell |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | June 14, 1968 |
| Place of birth | Ferriday, Louisiana, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Campbell_Brown
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell_Brown
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Joe Lynn.
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2011) |
| Joe Lynn Turner | |
|---|---|
 Turner performing at the concert in Sweden - 2010 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Joseph Arthur Mark Linquito |
| Also known as | JLT |
| Born | (1951-08-02) 2 August 1951 (age 60) Hackensack, New Jersey, United States |
| Genres | Hard rock, pop rock, heavy metal |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, accordion |
| Years active | 1976–present |
| Labels | Elektra, Frontiers |
| Associated acts | Fandango, Rainbow, Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force, Deep Purple, Mother's Army, Brazen Abbot, Hughes Turner Project, Sunstorm, The Jan Holberg Project |
| Website | Official website |
Joe Lynn Turner (August 2, 1951), is an American singer, known for his works with hard rock band Rainbow.[1] During his career, Turner fronted pop rock band Fandango, had the short-lived collaboration as the vocalist for Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force and Deep Purple. From the late 1990s, he continued to perform in a large number of solo albums and other studio projects. He played the accordion as a child, grew up with an appreciation for classic R&B and became an accomplished guitarist in his early teens.
Contents |
Career[link]
Born Joseph Arthur Mark Linquito to an Italian family, in high school, Joe formed Ezra, performing original material and cover songs by such artists as Jimi Hendrix, Free, Queen, and Deep Purple. In 1976, Turner enjoyed his first taste of national success with Fandango, a band described as an eclectic mix of R&B, pop, country, jazz and melodic rock. He sang and played guitar on all of the band's four albums. Fandango toured with numerous artists including The Allman Brothers, The Marshall Tucker Band, The Beach Boys and Billy Joel.
After Fandango split, He received a phone call from guitarist Ritchie Blackmore. This resulted in an audition and Blackmore was so impressed that he immediately enlisted Joe in Rainbow. Rainbow, while popular in Europe and Japan, had not reached the same level of success in the US before Turner joined. With his contributions (largely considered more rock oriented), the group was catapulted to a new level of American success. Several tracks from albums with Turner reached the Top 20 on rock radio charts in the early- to mid-80's. "Stone Cold" became Rainbow's first Top 40 hit and the band's videos were played on heavy rotation on MTV. Turner recorded three studio albums with Rainbow: Difficult to Cure, Straight Between the Eyes, and Bent Out of Shape, which featured the single "Street of Dreams". Rainbow disbanded in 1984.
In 1985, after the break-up of Rainbow, Turner released a solo album, Rescue You, produced by Roy Thomas Baker, known for his work with Queen and The Cars. He co-wrote most of the songs with keyboardist Al Greenwood (Foreigner). The first single, "Endlessly," received extensive airplay on radio and MTV. Tours with Night Ranger and Pat Benatar and an acting role in the movie Blue Deville followed.
In 1987 Turner also supplied backing vocals to the Michael Bolton album The Hunger. He appeared on the tracks 'Hot Love' and 'Gina'.
In 1988, he joined Yngwie Malmsteen's Rising Force and recorded the album Odyssey. The brief tour that followed the release of the album included a concert in Leningrad which was recorded and then released as Trial by Fire (1989). In 1989 he left the band to join Deep Purple by replacing Ian Gillan, making him their fourth singer. Turner recorded just one album, Slaves & Masters (1990). The album peaked at #87 on the Billboard Charts, and a relatively successful tour followed in 1991. But Turner was removed from the band in late 1992.
Turner has been working mainly on his prolific solo career since mid-1990 and has worked with the Finnish rock band Brazen Abbot by Bulgarian guitarist Nikolo Kotzev and with Glenn Hughes under the "Hughes Turner Project" name. Turner also participated in Nikolo Kotzev's rock opera Nikolo Kotzev's Nostradamus. He has also put out 3 albums under the band name Mother's Army featuring Jeff Watson, Bob Daisley and Carmine Appice. In 2005 Turner has performed on the Russian studio project Michael Men Project's album Made in Moscow, along with his colleague Glenn Hughes. In 2006 he took on very successful studio project Sunstorm with bassist Dennis Ward of German rock band Pink Cream 69. Turner was a guest in the Voices of Classic Rock shows. Turner also appeared as a headliner with AC/DC frontman Brian Johnson on the Classic Rock Cares charity tour which was organized by long time friend Steve Luongo who was the drummer/producer of The John Entwistle Band.
In 2008 he has formed Over the Rainbow, a tribute band composed of former Rainbow musicians, Paul Morris-Keyboardist/94-97, and Ritchie Blackmore's son Jürgen R. Blackmore on guitar.
He is currently a member of the touring band "Big Noize" featuring alongside guitarist Carlos Cavazo, bassist Phil Soussan, and drummer Vinny Appice.
Turner recently joined Norwegian group "The Jan Holberg Project", will release their new album Sense of Time in 2011.
Discography[link]
Main articles: Rainbow discography and Deep Purple discography
Solo[link]
- Rescue You (1985)
- Nothing's Changed (1995)
- Under Cover (1997, cover album)
- Hurry Up And Wait (1998)
- Under Cover 2 (1999, cover album)
- Waiting For A Girl Like You (1999, EP)
- Holy Man (2000)
- Challenge Them All (2001, EP)
- Slam (2001)
- JLT (2003)
- The Usual Suspects (2005)
- Second Hand Life (2007)
- Live in Germany (2008)
As member of bands and side projects[link]
- Fandango - Fandango (1977)
- Fandango - Last Kiss (1978)
- Fandango - One Night Stand (1979)
- Fandango - Cadillac (1980)
- Rainbow - "Difficult to Cure" (1981)
- Rainbow - "Straight Between the Eyes" (1982)
- Rainbow - "Bent Out of Shape" (1983)
- Yngwie J. Malmsteen's Rising Force - Odyssey (1988)
- Yngwie Malmsteen - Trial by Fire (1989)
- Deep Purple - "Slaves and Masters" (1990)
- Mothers Army - Mothers Army (1993)
- Brazen Abbot - Eye of the Storm (1996)
- Mothers Army - Planet Earth (1997)
- Brazen Abbot - Bad Religion (1997)
- Mothers Army - Fire on The Moon (1998)
- Fandango - The Best of Fandango (1999, Japan only)
- Hughes Turner Project - HTP (2002)
- Hughes Turner Project - Live in Tokyo (2002)
- Brazen Abbot - Guilty as Sin (2003)
- Hughes Turner Project - HTP 2 (2003)
- Brazen Abbot - A Decade of Brazen Abbot (2004, live album)
- Michael Men Project - Made in Moscow (2005, with Glenn Hughes)
- Brazen Abbot - My Resurrection (2005)
- Akira Kajiyama + Joe Lynn Turner - Fire Without Flame (2006)
- Sunstorm - Sunstorm (2006)
- Cem Köksal featuring Joe Lynn Turner - Live! (2007, DVD, with Cem Köksal)
- Brazen Abbot - Live At Berkrock (DVD) (2008)
- Sunstorm - House of Dreams (2009)
- The Jan Holberg Project - Sense of Time (2011)
- Sunstorm - Emotional Fire (2012)
Guest appearances[link]
- The Heavenly Kid - Soundtrack (1985, "Heartless")
- Don Johnson - Heartbeat (1986)
- Michael Bolton - The Hunger (1987)
- Cher - Cher (1987) - Backing vocals
- John Waite - Rovers Return (1987) - Backing vocals
- Lee Aaron - Lee Aaron (1987)
- Jimmy Barnes - Freight Train Heart (1987, co-writer of "Walk On")
- Bonfire - Fire Works (1987, co-writer of "Sweet Obsession")
- TNT - Intuition (1988) - Backing vocals
- Bonnie Tyler - Notes from America aka Hide Your Heart (1988)
- Don Johnson - Let It Roll (1989)
- Mick Jones - Mick Jones (1989)
- Alexa - Alexa (1989)
- Paul Carrack - Groove Approved (1989)
- Billy Joel - Storm Front (1989) - Backing vocals
- Slyce - Slyce (1990)
- Riot - The Privilege of Power (1990)
- Michael Bolton - Time, Love and Tenderness (1991)
- Kathy Troccoli - Pure Attraction (1991)
- Lita Ford - Dangerous Curves (1991, co-writer of "Little Too Early") - Backing vocals
- Hellcats - Hellcats 2 (1992)
- TNT - Realized Fantasies (1992) - Backing vocals
- Taylor Dayne - Soul Dancing (1993) - Backing vocals
- Bloodline - Bloodline (1994)
- Blues Bureau International - Cream Of The Crop (1994)
- Deep Purple Tribute - Smoke On The Water (1994)
- Nerds - Poultry In Motion (1995)
- Deep Purple Tribute - Black Night (1995)
- Yngwie Malmsteen - Inspiration (1996, "Pictures of Home", "Demon's Eye")
- Toshi Kankawa - Toshi Kankawa (1996)
- Mojo Brothers - Mojo Brothers (1997)
- AC/DC Tribute - Thunderbolt (1997)
- Vick LeCar - Never Stranded (1998)
- Stuart Smith - Heaven & Earth (1998)
- Niji Densetsu - Rainbow Tribute (1998)
- Randy Rhoads "Tribute" (1999)
- Leslie West - As Phat as it Gets (1999)
- Fire Woman: A Tribute to The Cult (2000)
- Ozzy Tribute - Bat Head's Soup (2000)
- Tribute to Van Halen (2000)
- Nikolo Kotzev - Nikolo Kotzev's Nostradamus (2001)
- Voices for America - Special WTC EP (2001)
- Aerosmith Tribute - Let The Tribute Do The Talking (2001)
- Rock Ballads - WTC Benefit (2001)
- Queen Tribute - Stone Cold Crazy (2001)
- Terry Brock - Freedom (2001)
- Stuart Smith - " Heaven & Earth - 2 " (2001)
- The Tour Bus Radio Show - The Road Trip (2002)
- Mountain - Mystic Fire (2002)
- Mr. Big Tribute - Influences and Connections (2003)
- Murray Weinstock - Tails of the City (2003)
- Metallic Attack - Metallica The Ultimate Tribute (2004)
- Karl Cochran's Voodooland - Give Me Air (2004)
- Eddie Ojeda - Axes 2 Axes (2005)
- Iron Maiden Tribute - Numbers from The Beast (2005)
- Michael Schenker Group - Heavy Hitters (2005, "All Shook Up")
- Blackmore's Night - The Village Lanterne (2006, bonus track version of "Street Of Dreams")
- Joe Lynn Turner & New Japan Philarmonic - "A Tribute To Rainbow" (2006)
- Vitalij Kuprij - Revenge (2006, "Follow Your Heart")
- Icarus Witch - Songs for the Lost (2007)
- Jimi Jamison - Crossroads Moment (2008)
- We Wish You a Metal Xmas and a Headbanging New Year (2008, "Rockin' Around the Xmas Tree")
- Howard Leese - Secret Weapon (2009, "Alive Again", "Hot To Cold")
- MelodicRock.com, Vol. 7 - Forces Of Dark & Light (2010, "This Is Who I Am" - premiere song)
- Pushking - The World As We Love It (2011, "Kukarracha", "Head Shooter")
- Robin Beck - The Great Escape (2011, "That All Depends")
References[link]
- ^ Thompson, Dave (2004). Smoke on the Water: The Deep Purple Story. ECW Press. pp. 260–. ISBN 978-1-55022-618-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=LzzCw6xs9roC&pg=PA260. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Joe Lynn Turner |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Turner, Joe Lynn |
| Alternative names | Linquito, Joseph Arthur Mark |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | August 2, 1951 |
| Place of birth | Hackensack, New Jersey, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Ostrava (Czech pronunciation: [ˈostrava] ( listen), German: Ostrau, Polish: Ostrawa) is the third largest city in the Czech Republic and the second largest urban agglomeration after Prague. Located close to the Polish border, it is also the administrative center of the Moravian-Silesian Region and of the Municipality with Extended Competence[clarification needed]. Ostrava was candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture 2015. Ostrava is located at the confluence of the Ostravice, Oder, Lučina and Opava rivers. Its history and growth have been largely affected by exploitation and further use of the high quality black coal deposits discovered in the locality, giving the town a look of an industrial city and a nickname of the “steel heart of the republic” (Czech: ocelové srdce republiky) during the communist era of Czechoslovakia. Many of the heavy industry companies are being closed down or transformed, yet the city remains one of the most polluted in the EU.
Ostrava was named after the river Ostrá (meaning sharp) which today is called Ostravice.
