- published: 25 Mar 2007
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- author: marlows15284
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- 3.2 beer
- 37th parallel north
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Aggieville
Aggieville is the name of six square blocks consisting of college-age oriented bars, restaurants and shops in Manhattan, Kansas, USA.
Before 1898, students at the Kansas State Agricultural College (now Kansas State University) had to purchase their textbooks downtown, which, in the age before the automobile, was inconvenient due to distance and often, mud-soaked roads. The college decided to build a student bookstore and dining facility closer to campus, but it was shut down in June 1899 after a political upheaval in the college's Board of Regents. That September, a group of students started the Student Co-Operative Association, and bought the bookstore.[citation needed]
That bookstore would serve as the cornerstone for a developing shopping district that catered specifically to college students. What was once a sparsely populated collection of houses was fast becoming a rich and diverse shopping center, the first of its kind in Kansas. Over time, the area would come to be called Aggieville, after the school's mascot, the Kansas State Agricultural College Aggies. Even when the school's mascot was changed to the Kansas State Wildcats, the name Aggieville stuck.
wn.com/Aggieville -
Alabama
Alabama (
i/ˌæləˈbæmə/) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th-most extensive and the 23rd-most populous of the 50 United States. Alabama ranks second in the area of its inland waterways.
From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many Southern states, suffered economic hardship, in part because of continued dependence on agriculture. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature until the 1960s, while urban interests and African Americans were under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama experienced growth as the economy of the state transitioned from agriculture to diversified interests in heavy manufacturing, mineral extraction, education, and technology. In addition, the establishment or expansion of multiple military installations, primarily those of the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, added to state jobs.
wn.com/Alabama -
Alaska
Alaska (i/əˈlæskə/) is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait. Alaska is the 4th least populous and the least densely populated of the 50 United States. Approximately half of Alaska's 722,718 residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area.
Alaska was purchased from Russia on March 30, 1867, for $7.2 million ($120 million in today's[when?] dollars) at approximately two cents per acre ($4.74/km²). The land went through several administrative changes before becoming an organized (or incorporated) territory on May 11, 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.
The name "Alaska" (Аляска) was already introduced in the Russian colonial period, when it was used only for the peninsula and is derived from the Aleut alaxsxaq, meaning "the mainland" or, more literally, "the object towards which the action of the sea is directed". It is also known as Alyeska, the "great land", an Aleut word derived from the same root.
wn.com/Alaska -
American Samoa
American Samoa (/əˈmɛrɨkən səˈmoʊ.ə/ (
listen); Samoan: Amerika Sāmoa, IPA: [aˈmɛɾika ˌsaːˈmoa]; also Amelika Sāmoa or Sāmoa Amelika) is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Independent State of Samoa (formerly known as Western Samoa). The main (largest and most populous) island is Tutuila, with the Manuʻa Islands, Rose Atoll, and Swains Island also included in the territory.
American Samoa is part of the Samoan Islands chain, located west of the Cook Islands, north of Tonga, and some 300 miles (500 km) south of Tokelau. To the west are the islands of the Wallis and Futuna group.
The 2010 census showed a total population of 55,519 people. The total land area is 76.1 square miles (197.1 km2), slightly more than Washington, D.C. American Samoa is the southernmost territory of the United States.
Contact with Europeans began in the early 18th century. Jacob Roggeveen (1659–1729), a Dutchman, was the first known European to sight the Samoan islands in 1722. This visit was followed by the French explorer Louis-Antoine de Bougainville (1729–1811), who named them the Navigator Islands in 1768. Contact was limited before the 1830s which is when English missionaries and traders began arriving.
wn.com/American_Samoa -
Arizona
Arizona (i/ɛrɪˈzoʊnə/; /ærɪˈzoʊnə/) (Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak) is a state of the United States, located in the southwestern region of the country. Arizona is also part of the Western United States and of the Mountain West states. Arizona is the sixth most extensive and the 16th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. The second largest city is Tucson, followed in population by eight cities of the Phoenix metropolitan area: Mesa, Chandler, Glendale, Scottsdale, Gilbert, Tempe, Peoria, and Surprise.
Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, and it achieved statehood on February 14, 1912. Arizona is noted for its desert climate in its southern half, where there are very hot summers and quite mild winters. The northern half of Arizona also features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees, a very large, high plateau (the Colorado Plateau) and some mountain ranges—such as the San Francisco Mountains—as well as large, deep canyons, where there is much more moderate weather for three seasons of the year, plus significant snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff and Alpine.
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Arkansas
Arkansas (i/ˈɑrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw) is a state located in the Southern region of the United States. Its name is an Algonquian name of the Quapaw Indians. Arkansas shares borders with six states (N: Missouri; E: Tennessee, Mississippi; S: Louisiana; SW: Texas; W: Oklahoma), and its eastern border is largely defined by the Mississippi River. Its diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. Arkansas is the 29th most extensive and the 32nd most populous of the 50 United States. The capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state.
The name “Arkansas” derives from the same root as the name for the state of Kansas. The Kansa tribe of Native Americans are closely associated with the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains. The word “Arkansas” itself is a French pronunciation (“Arcansas”) of a Quapaw (a related “Kaw” tribe) word, akakaze, meaning “land of downriver people” or the Sioux word akakaze meaning “people of the south wind”. The pronunciation of Arkansas was made official by an act of the state legislature in 1881, after a dispute between two U.S. Senators from Arkansas. One wanted to pronounce the name /ɑrˈkænzəs/ ar-KAN-zəs and the other wanted /ˈɑrkənsɔː/ AR-kən-saw.
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Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's oceanic divisions. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi), it covers approximately 20% of the Earth's surface and about 26% of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the "Sea of Atlas".
The oldest known mention of "Atlantic" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas); see also: Atlas Mountains. The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic ocean as late as the mid-19th century. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, the term "ocean" itself was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that we now know as the Atlantic. The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world.
The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Europe and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean (which is sometimes considered a sea of the Atlantic), to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south. (Other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica.) The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.
wn.com/Atlantic_Ocean -
Baker University
Baker University is a private, residential, university located in Baldwin City, Kansas, United States. Founded in 1858, it is the oldest university in Kansas and is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Baker University is made up of four schools. The College of Arts and Sciences and the undergraduate courses in the School of Education (SOE) are located at the campus in Baldwin City, Kansas. The School of Professional and Graduate Studies (SPGS) and the graduate branch of the SOE serve working adults at campuses in Lee's Summit, Missouri and North Kansas City, Missouri Overland Park, Kansas, Topeka, Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, and Wichita, Kansas. The School of Nursing, which is operated in partnership with Stormont-Vail HealthCare in Topeka, offers a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree. Enrollment in all four schools has grown to a total student population of nearly 4,000. There are more than 900 students on the Baldwin City campus, approximately 2,700 in SPGS and SOE programs, and 170 at the School of Nursing. A recent survey by the Kansas City Business Journal listed Baker University's MBA program as the most popular in the Kansas City, Missouri Metropolitan Area.[citation needed]
wn.com/Baker_University -
Benedictine College
Benedictine College is a co-educational university in Atchison, Kansas, United States, founded in 1858 on its current location and renamed in 1971 during the merger of St. Benedict's College for men and Mount St. Scholastica College for women. It is a Roman Catholic, Benedictine, liberal arts, and residential college located on bluffs overlooking the Missouri River, northwest of Kansas City, Missouri. Benedictine is one of a number of U.S. Benedictine colleges, and is sponsored by St. Benedict's Abbey and Mount St. Scholastica Monastery. The monastery has a current population of 53 monks, while the abbey numbers around 153 sisters.
The predecessors for the modern university were Mount St. Scholastica College, an all-women's campus named for Benedict of Nursia's twin sister Scholastica, and St. Benedict's College, an all-men's campus named for Benedict of Nursia, founder of modern western monasticism. In 1970, Fr. Alcuin Hemmen, OSB, president of St. Benedict's College, announced that St. Benedict's would become a co-educational college, causing Sr. Mary Noel Walter, OSB, president of Mount St. Scholastica College to organize discussion of a merger of the two colleges. It was agreed upon, and the universities merged on July 1, 1971 to form the current Benedictine College. The separate colleges' corporations remain in existence for land ownership purposes and allowed the newly formed college a free 50 year lease of the separate colleges' facilities on their campuses. Benedictine College officially terminated the lease of the facilities on its South Campus from Mount St. Scholastica College on October 1, 1989 amidst financial hardship. It continues to lease property from St. Benedict's College.
wn.com/Benedictine_College -
Big Brutus
Big Brutus is the nickname of the Bucyrus-Erie model 1850B electric shovel, which was the second largest of its type in operation in the 1960s and 1970s. It is currently the centerpiece of a mining museum in West Mineral, Kansas.
It is 160 feet (49 m) high and weighs 11 million pounds. The bucket holds 90 cubic yards (69 m3) or 150 tons. Maximum speed is 0.22 MPH. It cost $6.5 million in 1962.
Big Brutus, while not the largest electric shovel ever built, is the largest electric shovel still in existence. The Captain, at 28 million pounds, was the largest shovel and one of the two largest land-based mobile machines ever built. It was scrapped in 1992.
The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company donated Big Brutus in 1984 as the core of a mining museum which opened in 1985. In 1987, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers designated Big Brutus a Regional Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.
The museum offers tours as well as camping.
Coordinates: 37°16′26″N 94°56′20″W / 37.273882°N 94.938827°W / 37.273882; -94.938827
wn.com/Big_Brutus -
California
California (pronouncedi/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Colorado
Colorado (i/kɒləˈrædoʊ/ or /kɒləˈrɒdoʊ/) is the US state that encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,116,796 on July 1, 2011, an increase of +1.74% since the 2010 United States Census.
The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado for the red colored (Spanish: colorado) silt the river carried from the mountains. On August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting Colorado as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State" because it was admitted to the Union in 1876, the centennial year of the United States Declaration of Independence.
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Connecticut
Connecticut (i/kəˈnɛtɨkət/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and the state of New York to the west and the south (with which it shares a water boundary in Long Island Sound).
Connecticut is named for the Connecticut River, the major U.S. river that approximately bisects the state. Its capital city is Hartford. Much of southern and western Connecticut (along with the majority of the state's population) is part of the New York metropolitan area; three of Connecticut's eight counties are statistically included in the New York City combined statistical area, the same area is widely referred to as the Tri-State area. Connecticut's center of population is in Cheshire, New Haven County, which is also located within the Tri-State area.
Connecticut is the 3rd least extensive, the 29th most populous, and 4th most densely populated of the 50 United States. Called the Constitution State, Nutmeg State, and "The Land of Steady Habits", Connecticut was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States.
wn.com/Connecticut -
Cross Timbers
The term Cross Timbers is used to describe a strip of land in the United States that runs from southeastern Kansas across Central Oklahoma to Central Texas. Made up of a mix of prairie, savanna, and woodland, it forms part of the boundary between the more heavily forested eastern country and the almost treeless Great Plains, and also marks the western habitat limit of many mammals and insects.
No major metropolitan areas lie wholly within the Cross Timbers, although roughly the western half of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex does, including the cities of Fort Worth, Denton, Arlington, and Weatherford. The western suburbs of the Tulsa metropolitan area and the northeastern suburbs of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area also lie within this area. The main highways that cross the region are I-35 and I-35W going north to south (although they tend to skirt the Cross Timbers' eastern fringe south of Fort Worth) and I-40 going east to west. Numerous U.S. Highways also cross the area.
The Cross Timbers are defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as Ecoregion 29, a Level III ecoregion. Some organizations and maps refer to the Cross Timbers ecoregion as the Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains. The Cross Timbers are contained within the WWF Central forest-grasslands transition ecoregion.
wn.com/Cross_Timbers -
Delaware
Delaware (i/ˈdɛləwɛər/ DEL-ə-wair) is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It is bordered to the south and west by Maryland, to the northeast by New Jersey, and to the north by Pennsylvania. The state takes its name from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor, after whom what is now called Cape Henlopen was originally named.
Delaware is located in the northeastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula and is the second least extensive, the sixth least populous, but the sixth most densely populated of the 50 United States. Delaware is divided into three counties. From north to south, these three counties are New Castle, Kent, and Sussex. While the southern two counties have historically been predominantly agricultural, New Castle County has been more industrialized.
The history of the state's economic and industrial development is closely tied to the impact of the Du Pont family, founders and scions of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, one of the world’s largest chemical companies.
wn.com/Delaware -
Denver
Denver (
/ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
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Florida
Florida (i/ˈflɒrɪdə/) is a state in the southeastern United States, bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 4th most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state capital is Tallahassee, its largest city is Jacksonville, and the South Florida metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan area in the southeastern U.S.
Much of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Straits of Florida. Its geography is marked by a coastline, by the omnipresence of water and the threat of hurricanes. Florida has the longest coastline in the contiguous United States, encompassing approximately 1,350 miles (2,170 km), and is the only state to border both the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Much of the state is at or near sea level and its terrain is characterized by sedimentary soils. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south. Its symbolic animals like the American alligator, Florida panther and the manatee, can be found in the Everglades, one of the most famous national parks in the world.
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Fort Leavenworth
Fort Leavenworth is a United States Army facility located in Leavenworth County, Kansas, immediately north of the city of Leavenworth in the upper northeast portion of the state. It is the oldest active United States Army post west of Washington, D.C. and has been in operation for over 180 years. Fort Leavenworth has been historically known as the "Intellectual Center of the Army".
During the country's westward expansion, Fort Leavenworth was a forward destination for thousands of soldiers, surveyors, immigrants, American Indians, preachers and settlers who passed through. The garrison supports the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) by managing and maintaining the home of the United States Army Combined Arms Center (CAC). CAC's mission involves leader development, collective training, Army doctrine and battle command (current and future).
Fort Leavenworth is home to the Military Corrections Complex, consisting of the United States Disciplinary Barracks, the Department of Defense's only maximum security prison, and the Midwest Joint Regional Correctional Facility. In addition, the Fort Leavenworth Garrison supports numerous tenant organizations that directly and indirectly relate to the functions of the CAC, including the United States Army Command and General Staff College and the Foreign Military Studies Office.
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Fort Riley
Fort Riley is a United States Army installation located in North Central Kansas, on the [Kansas River, also known as the Kaw]], between Junction City and Manhattan. The Fort Riley Military Reservation covers 100,656 acres (407 km²) in Geary and Riley counties and includes two census-designated places: Camp Funston, Camp Forsyth, Camp Whiteside and Custer Hill. The fort has a daytime population of nearly 25,000. The zip code is 66442.
Fort Riley is named in honor of Major General Bennett C. Riley who led the first military escort along the Santa Fe Trail. The fort was established in 1853 as a military post to protect the movement of people and trade over the Oregon, California, and Santa Fe trails. In the years after the Civil War, Fort Riley served as a major United States Cavalry post and school for cavalry tactics and practice. The post was a base for skirmishes with Native Americans after the Civil War ended in 1865, during which time George Custer was stationed at the fort.
Later, Fort Riley became the site of the United States Cavalry School in 1887. The famous all-black 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments, the soldiers of which were called "Buffalo Soldiers", were stationed at Fort Riley at various times in the 19th and early 20th centuries. During World War I, the fort was home to 50,000 soldiers, and it is sometimes identified as ground zero for the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, which its soldiers were said to have spread all over the world. Since the end of World War II, various infantry divisions have been assigned there. Most notably, the post was home to the famed Big Red One from 1955-1996. Between 1999 and 2006, the post was headquarters to the 24th Infantry Division and known as "America's Warfighting Center". In August 2006, the Big Red One relocated its headquarters to Fort Riley from Leighton Barracks, Germany.
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Four State Area
Coordinates: 37°04′40″N 94°30′40″W / 37.07776°N 94.511024°W / 37.07776; -94.511024
The Four State Area is a term used to describe the area where the borders of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma abut. The Tulsa, Oklahoma; Joplin, Missouri; and Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas metropolitan areas are located within the region. Notable cities and towns in the area are Tulsa, Oklahoma; Pittsburg, Kansas; Joplin, Missouri; and Fayetteville/Bentonville, Arkansas.
The area is partially located in the Ozarks. Oil and Gas production, as well as Coal mining were and continue to be a large part of the region's industry. Today, a major driver of the region's economy is Wal-Mart, the world's largest retail company, whose headquarters are in Bentonville. Also headquartered nearby in Northwest Arkansas are Tyson Foods, the world's largest processor of chicken, beef, and pork (Springdale); and major trucking and transportation company J. B. Hunt (Lowell). The city of Joplin, Missouri is the most centrally located city in the Four States Area.
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Guam
Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/; Chamorro: Guåhån) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States located in the western Pacific Ocean. It is one of five U.S. territories with an established civilian government. Guam is listed as one of sixteen Non-Self-Governing Territories by the Special Committee on Decolonization of the United Nations. The island's capital is Hagåtña (formerly Agaña). Guam is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands.
The Chamorros, Guam's indigenous people, first populated the island approximately 4,000 years ago. The island has a long history of European colonialism. Discovered by Ferdinand Magellan during a Spanish expedition on March 6, 1521, the first colony was established in 1668 by Spain with the arrival of settlers including Padre San Vitores, a Catholic missionary. For more than two centuries Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons that crossed the Pacific annually. The island was controlled by Spain until 1898, when it was surrendered to the United States during the Spanish-American War and later formally ceded as part of the Treaty of Paris.
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Hawaii
Coordinates: 21°18′41″N 157°47′47″W / 21.31139°N 157.79639°W / 21.31139; -157.79639
Hawaii (i/həˈwaɪ.iː/ or /həˈwaɪʔiː/; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi Hawaiian pronunciation: [hɐˈvɐiʔi]) is the most recent of the 50 U.S. states (August 21, 1959), and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.
Hawaii’s diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches and oceanic surrounding, and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists, surfers, biologists, and volcanologists alike. Due to its mid-Pacific location, Hawaii has many North American and Asian influences along with its own vibrant native culture. Hawaii has over a million permanent residents along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel. Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oʻahu.
The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles (2,400 km). At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and the island of Hawaiʻi. The last is by far the largest and is often called "The Big Island" to avoid confusion with the state as a whole. The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania.
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Idaho
Idaho (i/ˈaɪdəhoʊ/) is a state in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States. Idaho is the 14th most expansive, the 39th most populous, and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state.
Idaho is a mountainous state with an area larger than that of all of New England. It is landlocked, surrounded by the states of Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Montana and the Canadian province of British Columbia. However, the network of dams and locks on the Columbia River and Snake River make the city of Lewiston the farthest inland seaport on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States.
Idaho's nickname is the Gem State, because nearly every known type of gemstone has been found there. In addition, Idaho is one of only two places in the world where star garnets can be found (the other is the Himalaya Mountains, in India)[citation needed], and is the only place six-pointed star garnets have been found[citation needed]. Additionally Idaho is sometimes called the Potato State owing to its popular crop. The state motto is Esto Perpetua (Latin for "Let it be forever").
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Illinois
Illinois (i/ˌɪlɨˈnɔɪ/ IL-i-NOY) is the 25th most extensive and the 5th most populous of the 50 United States, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is a major transportation hub. The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean; as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois River. For decades, O'Hare International Airport has ranked as one of the world's busiest airports. Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics.
Although the state's largest population centers today are in northern Illinois, originally the state's population grew from south to north, with settlers arriving from Kentucky in the 1810s. In 1818, Illinois achieved statehood. Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River, one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan. Railroads and John Deere's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois' rich prairie into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmlands, attracting immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden. By 1900, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars. The Great Migration established a large community of African Americans in Chicago that created the city's famous jazz and blues cultures.
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Indiana
Indiana (i/ɪndiˈænə/) is a US state, admitted to the United States as the 19th on December 11, 1816. It is located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 15th most populous of the 50 United States. Indiana is the least extensive state in the continental US west of the Appalachian Mountains. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis, the second largest of any state capital and largest state capital east of the Mississippi River.
Before it became a territory, varying cultures of indigenous peoples and historic Native Americans inhabited Indiana for thousands of years. Angel Mounds State Historic Site, one of the best preserved ancient earthwork mound sites in the United States, can be found in Southwestern Indiana near Evansville. Residents of Indiana are known as Hoosiers. The etymology of the word is disputed, but the leading theory as advanced by the Indiana Historical Bureau and the Indiana Historical Society has "Hoosier" originating from the upland South region of the U.S. as a derogatory slang term for a rough countryman, a country bumpkin.
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Insular area
An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the 50 U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the U.S. They are called "insular" from the Latin word insula ("island") because they were once administered by the War Department's Bureau of Insular Affairs, now the Office of Insular Affairs at the Department of the Interior. The term insular possession is also sometimes used.
Because those insular areas that are inhabited are unincorporated territories, their native-born inhabitants are not constitutionally entitled to United States citizenship, under the Citizenship Clause.[citation needed] However, Congress has extended citizenship rights to all inhabited territories except American Samoa, and these citizens may vote and run for office in any U.S. jurisdiction in which they are residents. The people of American Samoa are U.S. nationals, but not U.S. citizens; they are free to move around and seek employment within the whole United States without immigration restrictions, but cannot vote or hold office outside of American Samoa.[citation needed]
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Iowa
Iowa (i/ˈaɪ.əwə/) is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World".
In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Des Moines. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in.
Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east; the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; the northern boundary is a line along 43 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude. The southern border is the Des Moines River and a not-quite-straight line along approximately 40 degrees 35 minutes north, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Missouri v. Iowa after a standoff between Missouri and Iowa known as the Honey War.
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Kanopolis State Park
Kanopolis State Park contains a reservoir, desert plants such as yucca, a prairie dog town, and scenic sandstone canyons. It is located in the Smoky Hills region of the U.S. state of Kansas. The park is located southwest of the city of Salina, just south of I-70.
The park, completed in 1948, includes more than 22,000 acres (89 km²) of rolling hills, bluffs and woods and a 3000 acre (12 km²) lake, offering hunting, fishing, over 25 miles (40 km) of trails, and other recreational activities. Game includes pheasant, quail, prairie chickens, deer, beaver, turkey, squirrels, rabbits, coyotes and waterfowl; fishing for white bass and crappie is popular.
Coordinates: 38°39′26″N 97°59′59″W / 38.65722°N 97.99972°W / 38.65722; -97.99972
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Kansas
Kansas (i/ˈkænzəs/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively kką:ze) is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind," although this was probably not the term's original meaning. Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans."
For thousands of years what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the Eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the Western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. Kansas was first settled by European Americans in the 1830s, but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue. When officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine if Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly, when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, sorghum and sunflowers. Kansas is the 15th most extensive and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States.
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Kansas River
The Kansas River (also known as the Kaw) (Lenape: Kansiai Sipu ) is a river in northeastern Kansas in the United States. It is the southwestern-most part of the Missouri River drainage, which is in turn the northwestern-most portion of the extensive Mississippi River drainage. Its name (and nickname) come from the Kanza (Kaw) people who once inhabited the area. The state of Kansas in turn drew its name from the river.
The river valley averages 2.6 miles (4.2 km) in width, with the widest points being between Wamego and Rossville, where it is up to 4 miles (6.4 km) wide, then narrowing to 1 mile (1.6 km) or less in places below Eudora. Much of the river's watershed is dammed for flood control, but the Kansas River is generally free-flowing and has only minor obstructions, including diversion weirs and one low impact hydroelectric dam.
Beginning at the confluence of the Republican and Smoky Hill rivers, just east of aptly named Junction City (1,030 feet / 310 metres), the Kansas River flows some 148 miles (238 km) generally eastward to join the Missouri River at Kaw Point (730 feet / 220 metres) in Kansas City. Dropping only 320 feet (98 m) on its journey seaward, the water in the Kansas River falls less than 2 feet per mile (38 cm/km). The Kansas River valley is only 115 miles (185 km) long; the surplus length of the river is due to meandering across the floodplain. The river's course roughly follows the maximum extent of the Kansan glaciation, and the river likely began as a path of glacial meltwater drainage.
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Kansas Senate
The Kansas Senate is the upper house of the Kansas Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. State of Kansas. It is composed of 40 Senators representing an equal amount of districts, each with a population of at least 60,000 inhabitants. Members of the Senate are elected to a four year term. There is no limit to the number of terms that a Senator may serve. The Kansas Senate meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.
Like other upper houses of state and territorial legislatures and the federal U.S. Senate, the Senate is reserved with special functions such as confirming or rejecting gubernatorial appointments to executive departments, the state cabinet, commissions and boards.
The President of the Senate presides over the body, Is a member of the Organization,Calendar and Rules Committee that appoints members to all of the Senate's committees and joint committees, and may create other committees and subcommittees if desired. Unlike many other states, the Lieutenant Governor of Kansas does not preside over the Senate. Since a 1972 amendment to the Kansas Constitution, the Lieutenant Governor's duties have been severed from the legislative branch, and is active in other areas of the Kansas state government such as commissions on military affairs and health insurance. In the Senate President's absence, the Vice-President presides. The President of the Kansas Senate assigns proposed bills to committees and the Majority Leader determines the calendar and order of bills to be debated on the floor of the Kansas Senate. The Organization, Rules and Calendar Committee is made up of the President, Vice-President, Majority leader, Assistant Majority Leader, Minority Leader and 4 senators elected by the majority caucus.
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Kansas Supreme Court
The Kansas Supreme Court is the highest judicial authority in the state of Kansas. Composed of seven justices, led by Chief Justice Lawton Nuss, the court supervises the legal profession, administers the judicial branch, and serves as the state court of last resort in the appeals process.
The Kansas Supreme Court's most important duty is being the state court of last resort and the highest judicial authority in the state of Kansas. The Court rarely conducts a trial. Its judicial responsibilities include hearing direct appeals from the district courts in the most serious criminal cases and appeals in any case in which a statute has been held unconstitutional. The Court has the authority to review cases decided by the Court of Appeals and the ability to transfer cases to the U.S. Supreme Court.
The Kansas Supreme Court must adopt and submit to the Kansas Legislature an annual budget for the entire judicial branch of Kansas government.
According to the Kansas Constitution, the Court has general administrative authority over all Kansas courts. Its rules govern the appellate practice in the Kansas Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. It sets the procedures in the district courts. It also provides oversight to the legal profession by setting rules that provide for the examination and admission of attorneys within the state, the code of professional responsibility which governs the conduct of attorneys, and include the canons of judicial ethics which regulate the conduct of judges. Lastly it sets the rules for the examination and certification of official court reports. To ensure compliance the Court may discipline attorneys, judges, and nonjudicial employees.
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Kansas Territory
The Territory of Kansas was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until January 29, 1861, when the eastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Kansas.
The territory extended from the Missouri border west to the summit of the Rocky Mountains and from the 37th parallel north north to the 40th parallel north. Much of the eastern region of what is now the State of Colorado was part of Kansas Territory. The Territory of Colorado was created to govern this western region of the former Kansas Territory on February 28, 1861.
Kansas Territory was established by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. The Kansas-Nebraska Act became law on May 30, 1854, establishing the Nebraska Territory and Kansas Territory. The most momentous provision of the Act in effect repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and allowed the settlers of Kansas Territory to determine by popular sovereignty whether Kansas would be a free state or a slave state.
The Act contained thirty-seven sections. The provisions relating to Kansas Territory were embodied in the last eighteen sections. Some of the more notable sections were:
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Kentucky
Kentucky (i/kɨnˈtʌki/), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the Upper South of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth (the others being Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts). Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States.
Kentucky is known as the "Bluegrass State", a nickname based on the fact that bluegrass is present in many of the pastures throughout the state, because of the fertile soil. It made possible the breeding of high-quality livestock, especially thoroughbred racing horses. It is a land with diverse environments and abundant resources, including the world's longest cave system, Mammoth Cave National Park; the greatest length of navigable waterways and streams in the contiguous United States; and the two largest man-made lakes east of the Mississippi River. It is also home to the highest per capita number of deer and turkey in the United States, the largest free-ranging elk herd east of Montana, and the nation's most productive coalfield. Kentucky is also known for horse racing, bourbon distilleries, bluegrass music, automobile manufacturing, tobacco and college basketball.
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Kevin Yoder
Kevin Wayne Yoder (born January 8, 1976) is the U.S. Representative for Kansas's 3rd congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was the Kansas State Representative for the 20th district from 2002 until 2011.
Yoder was born and grew up on a grain and livestock farm in Yoder, Kansas, a small farming town outside of Hutchinson, Kansas. He is the son of Susan Elizabeth Peck (née Alexander) and Wayne E. Yoder. His ancestry includes Northern Irish, German, and English. Yoder graduated from Hutchinson High School.
Yoder graduated from the University of Kansas in 1999 with degrees in English and Political Science. He served as KU Student Body President, President of the Kansas Union Memorial Corporation Board of Directors, and a member of the KU Athletics Corporation Board of Directors and became a member of Lambda Chi Alpha. While at the University of Kansas, Yoder interned with the Kansas State Legislature. Yoder received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Kansas Law School in 2002, where he served for two years as Student Bar Association President.
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Kris Kobach
Kris W. Kobach (born March 26, 1966) is the Secretary of State of Kansas. He is also currently of counsel with the Immigration Law Reform Institute in Washington, D.C.
He is a former chairman of Kansas Republican Party and city councilman in Overland Park, Kansas. He ran unsuccessfully for Kansas's 3rd congressional district in 2004. In May 2009, he announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for Secretary of State. In August 2010, he won the Republican nomination for Secretary of State in a three-way race, carrying 50 percent of the vote, and was elected Secretary of State in the general election in a 59–37 percent vote.
Kobach graduated from Washburn Rural High School in Topeka, Kansas in 1984. Four years later, he earned an A.B. (summa cum laude) in Government from Harvard University, graduating first in his class in the Government Department. Subsequently, the Court of St. James awarded him a Marshall Scholarship, which allowed him to earn M.A. and D.Phil. degrees in Politics from Oxford University (in 1990 and 1992, respectively). He then returned to the United States and attended the Yale Law School, where he earned his J.D. in 1995 and served as an editor on the Yale Law Journal. During this time, he published two books: The Referendum: Direct Democracy in Switzerland (Dartmouth, 1994), and Political Capital: The Motives, Tactics, and Goals of Politicized Businesses in South Africa (University Press of America, 1990).
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Lawrence Massacre
The Lawrence Massacre, also known as Quantrill's Raid, was a rebel guerrilla attack during the U.S. Civil War by Quantrill's Raiders, led by William Clarke Quantrill, on the pro-Union town of Lawrence, Kansas.
The attack on August 21, 1863, targeted Lawrence due to the town's long support of abolition and its reputation as a center for Jayhawkers and Redlegs, which were free-state militia and vigilante groups known for attacking and destroying farms and plantations in Missouri's pro-slavery western counties.
By 1863, Kansas had long been the center of strife and warfare over the admission of slave versus free states. In the summer of 1856, the first sacking of Lawrence sparked a guerrilla war in Kansas that lasted for months. John Brown might be the best known participant, but numerous groups fought for each side in Bleeding Kansas.
By the beginning of the American Civil War, Lawrence, Kansas, was already a target for pro-slavery ire, having been seen as the anti-slavery stronghold in the state and more importantly, a staging area for Union and Jayhawker incursions into Missouri. Initially the town and surrounding area were extremely vigilant and reacted strongly to any rumors that enemy forces might be advancing on the town. However by the summer of 1863, as none of the threats had materialized, citizen fears had declined and defense preparations were relaxed.
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Louisiana
Louisiana (i/luːˌiːziˈænə/ or i/ˌluːziˈænə/; French: État de Louisiane, [lwizjan] ( listen); Louisiana Creole: Léta de la Lwizyàn) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, and the largest by land area is Cameron Parish.
Much of the state was formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species including many species of orchids and carnivorus plants.
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Maine
Maine (i/ˈmeɪn/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost portion of New England. It is known for its scenery—its jagged, mostly rocky coastline, its low, rolling mountains, its heavily forested interior and picturesque waterways—as well as for its seafood cuisine, especially lobsters and clams.
For thousands of years, indigenous peoples were the only inhabitants of the territory that is now Maine. At the time of European encounter, several Algonquian-speaking peoples inhabited the area. The first European settlement in Maine was by the French in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons. The first English settlement in Maine, the short-lived Popham Colony, was established by the Plymouth Company in 1607. A number of English settlements were established along the coast of Maine in the 1620s, although the rugged climate, deprivations, and conflict with the local peoples caused many to fail over the years. As Maine entered the 18th century, only a half dozen European settlements survived. Patriot and British forces contended for Maine's territory during the American Revolution and the War of 1812. Maine was part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts until 1820, when it voted to secede from Massachusetts. On March 15, 1820, it was admitted to the Union as the 23rd state under the Missouri Compromise. Maine is the 39th most extensive and the 41st most populous of the 50 United States.
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Maryland
Maryland (i/ˈmɛrɨlənd/) is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. Maryland was the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution, and three nicknames for it (the Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State) are occasionally used. Maryland is the 9th smallest state by area, but the 19th most populous and the 5th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's most populated city is Baltimore. Its capital is Annapolis. It was named after Queen Henrietta Maria.
Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles (32,133.2 km2) and is comparable in overall area with the European country of Belgium (11,787 square miles (30,530 km2)). It is the 42nd largest/9th smallest state, and is closest in size to Hawaii (10,930.98 square miles (28,311.1 km2)), the next smallest state. The next largest state, Maryland's neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland (24,229.76 square miles (62,754.8 km2)).
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts (i/ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsɨts/), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Massachusetts is the 7th least extensive, but the 14th most populous and the 3rd most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state features two separate metropolitan areas – the eastern Boston metropolitan area and the western Springfield metropolitan area. Approximately two thirds of the state's population lives in Greater Boston, most of which is either urban or suburban. Western Massachusetts features one urban area – the Knowledge Corridor along the Connecticut River – and a mix of college towns and rural areas. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and has the US's sixth highest GDP per capita.
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Michigan
Michigan (i/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/) is a state located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan is the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.
Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. Michigan is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating. The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline. It is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River.
Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination. There is also a variety of natural resources to be found there, including a sizable amount of iron ore.
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Minnesota
Minnesota (i/mɪnɨˈsoʊtə/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
Minnesota is the 12th most extensive and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states. Nearly 60% of its residents live in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul metropolitan area (known as the "Twin Cities"), the center of transportation, business, industry and education and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.
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Mississippi
Mississippi (i/ˌmɪsɨˈsɪpi/) is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, whose name comes from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi ("Great River"). Mississippi is the 32nd most extensive and the 31st most populous of the 50 United States. The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, which was cleared for cotton cultivation in the 19th century. Today, its catfish aquaculture farms produce the majority of farm-raised catfish consumed in the United States. The state symbol is the magnolia grandiflora tree.
Mississippi is bordered on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the south by Louisiana and a narrow coast on the Gulf of Mexico and on the west, across the Mississippi River, by Louisiana and Arkansas.
In addition to its namesake, major rivers in Mississippi include the Big Black River, the Pearl River, the Yazoo River, the Pascagoula River, and the Tombigbee River. Major lakes include Ross Barnett Reservoir, Arkabutla Lake, Sardis Lake and Grenada Lake. The largest lake in Mississippi is Grenada Lake.
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Missouri
Missouri (i/mɨˈzʊəri/) (nickname The Show Me State) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. Missouri is the 21st most extensive and the 18th most populous of the 50 United States. Missouri comprises 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. The four largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. Missouri's capital is Jefferson City. The land that is now Missouri was acquired from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase and became known as the Missouri Territory. Part of the Territory was admitted into the union as the 24th state on August 10, 1821.
Missouri generally mirrors the demographic, economic and political makeup of America and has long been considered a political bellwether state. With the exceptions of the Presidential elections of 1956 and 2008, Missouri's results have accurately predicted the next President of the United States in every election since 1904. It has both Midwestern and Southern cultural influences, reflecting its history as a border state. It is also a transition between the Eastern and Western United States, as St. Louis is often called the "western-most Eastern city" and Kansas City the "eastern-most Western city". Missouri's geography is highly varied. The northern part of the state lies in dissected till plains while the southern part lies in the Ozark Mountains (a dissected plateau), with the Missouri River dividing the two. The state lies at the intersection of the three greatest rivers of North America, with the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers near St. Louis, and the confluence of the Ohio River with the Mississippi north of the Bootheel. The starting points of the Pony Express Trail and Oregon Trail were both in Missouri. The mean center of United States population as of the 2010 Census is at the town of Plato in Texas County, Missouri.
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Montana
Montana (i/mɒnˈtænə/) is a state in the Western United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller "island ranges" are found in the central third of the state, for a total of 77 named ranges that are part of the Rocky Mountains. This geographical fact is reflected in the state's name, derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, none official, including: "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently, "The Last Best Place". Montana is the 4th-most extensive, but the 7th-least populous and the 3rd-least densely populated of the 50 United States. The economy is primarily based on services, with ranching, wheat farming, oil and coal mining in the east, and lumber, tourism, and hard rock mining in the west. Millions of tourists annually visit Glacier National Park, the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, and three of the five entrances to Yellowstone National Park.
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Nebraska
Nebraska (i/nəˈbræskə/) is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. Its state capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River.
The state is crossed by many historic trails, but it was the California Gold Rush that first brought large numbers here, and it became a state in 1867. Certain landmarks still compete for the notional distinction 'Where the West Begins'.
There are wide variations between winter and summer temperatures, and violent thunderstorms and tornadoes are common. The state is characterized by treeless prairie, ideal for cattle-grazing, and it is a major producer of beef, as well as pork, maize and soybeans. Nebraska is overwhelmingly rural, as the 8th least-densely populated state of the United States.
Ethnically, the largest group are German-Americans, and the state has the biggest Czech-American population per head. During the Great Migration, many African Americans came to Omaha, and they continue to campaign for improved conditions. More recently, Native American activism has increased, with a drive for self-determination in a climate of co-operation with state officials on regional issues. It is traditionally a Republican-voting state.
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Nevada
Nevada (i/nəˈvædə/ or /nəˈvɒdə/) is a state in the western, mountain west, and southwestern regions of the United States. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 35th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Over two-thirds of Nevada's people live in one single county, Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area, where the state's three largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City.
Nevada is largely desert and semiarid, with much of it located within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada mountains lie on the western edge. Approximately 86% of the state's land is owned by the US government under various jurisdictions, both civilian and military.
The name Nevada is derived from the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains, which means "snow-capped mountain range" in Spanish. The land comprising the modern state was inhabited by Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes prior to European contact. It was subsequently claimed by Spain as a part of Alta California until the Mexican War of Independence brought it under Mexican control. The United States gained the territory in 1848 following its victory in the Mexican-American War and the area was eventually incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that was an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864.
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New England
New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. New England is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, Canada (the Canadian Maritimes and Quebec) and the state of New York.
In one of the earliest English settlements in North America, Pilgrims from England first settled in New England in 1620, to form Plymouth Colony. Ten years later, the Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston, thus forming Massachusetts Bay Colony. Over the next 130 years, New England fought in four French and Indian Wars, until the British defeated the French and their native allies in North America. In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The Boston Tea Party was a protest that angered Great Britain, which responded with the "Intolerable Acts", stripping the colonies of self-government. The confrontation led to open warfare in 1775, the expulsion of the British from New England in spring 1776, and the Declaration of Independence in July 1776.
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New Hampshire
New Hampshire (i/njuːˈhæmpʃər/) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire is the 5th least extensive and the 9th least populous of the 50 United States.
It became the first post-colonial sovereign nation in the Americas when it broke off from Great Britain in January 1776, and six months later was one of the original thirteen states that founded the United States of America. In June 1788, it became the ninth state to ratify the United States Constitution, bringing that document into effect. New Hampshire was the first U.S. state to have its own state constitution.
It is known internationally for the New Hampshire primary, the first primary in the U.S. presidential election cycle. Concord is the state capital, while Manchester is the largest city in the state. It has no general sales tax, nor is personal income (other than interest and dividends) taxed at either the state or local level.
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New Jersey
New Jersey (i/nuː ˈdʒɜrzi/) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the U.S. state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey is the 4th least extensive, but the 11th most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies mostly within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is also the third wealthiest by 2009–2010 median household income.
The area was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast. In the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. The British later seized control of the region, naming it the Province of New Jersey. It was granted as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton. At this time, it was named after the largest of the British Channel Islands, Jersey, Carteret's birthplace. New Jersey was the site of several decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War.
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New Mexico
New Mexico (i/nuː ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/) is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. New Mexico is the 5th most extensive, the 36th most populous, and the 6th least densely populated of the 50 United States.
Inhabited by Native American populations for many centuries, New Mexico has also been part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S. territory. Among U.S. states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanics, including descendants of Spanish colonists and recent immigrants from Latin America. It also has the second-highest percentage of Native Americans, after Alaska, and the fourth-highest total number of Native Americans after California, Oklahoma, and Arizona. The tribes in the state consist of mostly Navajo and Pueblo peoples. As a result, the demographics and culture of the state are unique for their strong Hispanic and Native American influences. The flag of New Mexico is represented by the red and gold colors, which represent Spain, as well as the Zia symbol, an ancient Native American symbol for the sun.
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New York
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] (
listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.
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Ninnescah River
The Ninnescah River is a 56.4-mile-long (90.8 km)river of southern Kansas. It has two branches. The main stream flows southeast and empties its waters into the Arkansas River near the town of Oxford (Sumner County). In the southern part of Stafford County, this north fork flows northeastwardly to Plevna, (Reno County) where the course changes to southeast. The south fork's source is in the western part of Pratt County. Its course is almost due east through Pratt County and Kingman County until it unites with the north fork in the southwest corner of Sedgwick County.
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North Carolina
North Carolina (i/ˌnɔrθ kærəˈlaɪnə/) is a state in the Southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 10th most populous of the 50 United States.
North Carolina is comprised of 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte. In the past five decades, North Carolina's economy has undergone a transition from heavy reliance upon tobacco and furniture making to a more diversified economy with engineering, biotechnology, and finance sectors.
North Carolina has a wide range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet (2,037 m) at Mount Mitchell, the highest point in the Eastern US. The climate of the coastal plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the state falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles (500 km) from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a subtropical highland climate.
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North Central Kansas
North Central Kansas is a tourism and geographical region of the state of Kansas. The west counties are Smith, Osborne and Russell counties. The southern counties extend to Russell, Ellsworth, Saline and Dickinson. The eastern border counties are Dickinson, Clay and Marshall.
The counties included the region are:
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North Dakota
North Dakota (i/ˌnɔrθ dəˈkoʊtə/) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States, along the Canadian border. The state is bordered by Manitoba and Saskatchewan to the north, Minnesota to the east, South Dakota to the south and Montana to the west. North Dakota is the 19th most extensive, but the 3rd least populous and the 4th least densely populated of the 50 United States. North Dakota was created from the northern portion of the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with South Dakota.
The state capital is Bismarck and the largest city is Fargo. The primary public universities are located in Grand Forks and Fargo. The U.S. Air Force operates air bases at Minot AFB and Grand Forks AFB.
For more than a decade, the state has had a strong economy, with unemployment lower than the national average, job and population growth, and low housing vacancies. Much of the growth has been based on development of the Bakken oil shale fields in the western part of the state, but it has also had growth in the technology and service sectors. Flooding in June 2011 has caused extensive damage to Minot and threatened Bismarck, the capital city.
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Ohio
Ohio (i/oʊˈhaɪ.oʊ/) is a state in the Midwestern United States. Ohio is the 34th most extensive, the 7th most populous, and the 10th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's capital and largest city is Columbus.
The name "Ohio" originated from Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning "great river". The state, originally partitioned from the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the Union as the 17th state (and the first under the Northwest Ordinance) on March 1, 1803. Although there are conflicting narratives regarding the origin of the nickname, Ohio is historically known as the "Buckeye State" (relating to the Ohio buckeye tree) and Ohioans are also known as "Buckeyes".
The government of Ohio is composed of the executive branch, led by the Governor; the legislative branch, which comprises the Ohio General Assembly; and the judicial branch, which is led by the Supreme Court. Currently, Ohio occupies 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives. Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections.
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Oklahoma
Oklahoma (i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/) (Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa , Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh ) is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people", and it is known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State. Formed by the combination of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans or, informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.
A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agriculture, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. It has one of the fastest growing economies in the nation, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth and gross domestic product growth. Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly 60 percent of Oklahomans living in their metropolitan statistical areas.
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Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (Pawnee: Uukuhuuwasiri ) is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county).
Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. (These two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively.)
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Oregon
Oregon (i/ˈɔrɨɡən/ ORR-ə-gən) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern boundaries, respectively. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers, and settlers who formed an autonomous government in Oregon Country in 1843. The Oregon Territory was created in 1848, and Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14, 1859.
Oregon is the 9th most extensive and the 27th most populous of the 50 United States. Salem is the state's capital and third-most-populous city; Portland is the most populous. Portland is the 29th-largest U.S. city, with a population of 583,776 (2010 US Census) and a metro population of 2,241,841 (2009 estimate), the 23rd-largest U.S. metro area. The valley of the Willamette River in western Oregon is the state's most densely populated area and is home to eight of the ten most populous cities.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.
At 165.2 million square kilometres (64.1 million square miles) in area, this largest division of the World Ocean – and, in turn, the hydrosphere – covers about 46% of the Earth's water surface and about one-third of its total surface area, making it larger than all of the Earth's land area combined. The equator subdivides it into the North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, with two exceptions: the Galápagos and Gilbert Islands, while straddling the equator, are deemed wholly within the South Pacific. The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres (35,797 ft).
The eastern Pacific Ocean was first sighted by Europeans early in the 16th century. Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and named it Mar del Sur (South Sea). The ocean's current name was given by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the Spanish expedition of world circumnavigation in 1521, who encountered favourable winds as he reached the ocean and called it Mar Pacifico in Portuguese, meaning "peaceful sea".
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania (
i/ˌpɛnsɨlˈveɪnjə/), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a US state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, and the Great Lakes Region. The state borders Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Ontario, Canada to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.
Pennsylvania is the 33rd most extensive, the 6th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km) of shoreline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary.
Pennsylvania is 170 miles (274 km) north to south and 283 miles (455 km) east to west. Of a total 46,055 square miles (119,282 km2), 44,817 square miles (116,075 km2) are land, 490 square miles (1,269 km2) are inland waters, and 749 square miles (1,940 km2) are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States. Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km) of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km) of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (/ˌpɔrtə ˈriːkoʊ/ or /ˌpwɛərtə ˈriːkoʊ/), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, [esˈtaðo ˈlibɾe asoˈsjaðo ðe ˈpweɾto ˈriko]—literally, "Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"), is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean, east of the Dominican Republic and west of both the United States Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands.
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "rich port") comprises an archipelago that includes the main island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller islands, the largest of which are Vieques, Culebra, and Mona. The main island of Puerto Rico is the smallest by land area of the Greater Antilles. However, it ranks third in population amongst that group of four islands, which also include Cuba, Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), and Jamaica. Due to its location, Puerto Rico enjoys a tropical climate and also experiences the Atlantic hurricane season.
Originally populated for centuries by indigenous aboriginal peoples known as Taínos, the island was claimed by Christopher Columbus for Spain during his second voyage to the Americas on November 19, 1493. Under Spanish rule, the island was colonized and the indigenous population was forced into slavery and nearly wiped out due to, among other things, European infectious diseases. The remaining population was emancipated by King Charles I in 1520. Spain possessed Puerto Rico for over 400 years, despite attempts at capture of the island by the French, Dutch, and British. The Spanish Crown, in an attempt to keep Puerto Rico from gaining its independence, revived the Royal Decree of Graces of 1815. The decree was printed in three languages — Spanish, English and French — and it fostered the immigration of hundreds of non-Spanish European families.
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Raytheon
Raytheon Company is a major American defense contractor and industrial corporation with core manufacturing concentrations in weapons and military and commercial electronics. It was previously involved in corporate and special-mission aircraft until early 2007. Raytheon is the world's largest producer of guided missiles.
Established in 1922, the company reincorporated in 1928 and adopted its present name in 1959. The company has around 72,000 employees worldwide and annual revenues of approximately US$25 billion. More than 90% of Raytheon's revenues were obtained from military contracts and, as of 2007, it was the fifth-largest military contractor in the world, and is the fourth largest defense contractor in the United States by revenue.
Raytheon Headquarters was moved from Lexington, Massachusetts to Waltham, Massachusetts on October 27, 2003. The company was previously headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts from 1922–1928, Newton, Massachusetts from 1928–1941, Waltham from 1941–1961, Lexington from 1961–2003, and back to Waltham from 2003 onwards.
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Republican River
The Republican River is a river in the central Great Plains of North America, flowing 453 miles (729 km) through the U.S. states of Nebraska and Kansas.
The Republican River is formed by the confluence of the North Fork Republican River and the Arikaree River just north of Haigler in Dundy County, Nebraska. It joins with the South Fork Republican River immediately southeast of Benkelman, Nebraska. All three tributaries originate in the High Plains of northeastern Colorado. From the confluence, the river flows generally eastward along the southern border of Nebraska, passing through Swanson Reservoir and Harlan County Reservoir before curving southward into the Smoky Hills region of Kansas. The Republican River joins the Smoky Hill River at Junction City, Kansas to form the Kansas River.
Some cities along the river are McCook, Nebraska, Clay Center, Kansas, Concordia, Kansas and Junction City, Kansas. Near Concordia is the Republican River Pegram Truss, a bridge that goes over the Republican River that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
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Rhode Island
Rhode Island (i/ˌroʊd ˈaɪlɨnd/ or /rɵˈdaɪlɨnd/), officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States. Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the 8th least populous, but the 2nd most densely populated of the 50 United States. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west and Massachusetts to the north and east, and it shares a water boundary with New York's Long Island to the southwest.
Rhode Island was the first of the 13 original colonies to declare independence from British rule, declaring itself independent on May 4, 1776, two months before any other state in the whole U.S. and the convention. The state was also the last to ratify the United States Constitution.
Rhode Island's official nickname is "The Ocean State", a reference to the state's geography, since Rhode Island has several large bays and inlets that amount to about 14% of its total area. Its land area is 1,045 square miles (2706 km2), but its total area is significantly larger.
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Sandy Praeger
Sandy Praeger is the Republican Kansas Insurance Commissioner. She was first elected on November 2, 2002. Her term began January 13, 2003. She was re-elected in 2006 to the same position. Commissioner Praeger is responsible for regulating all insurance sold in Kansas and overseeing the nearly 1,700 insurance companies and 90,000 agents licensed to do business in the state.
Praeger is also the past-president of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, and has been their spokesperson in favor of maintaining state insurance regulation rather than an optional federal charter. [1]
Commissioner Praeger is a graduate of the University of Kansas.
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Smoky Hills
The Smoky Hills are an upland region of hills in the central Great Plains of North America. They are located in the central United States, encompassing north-central Kansas and a small portion of south-central Nebraska. The hills are a dissected plain covered by tallgrass and mixed-grass prairie. The Smoky Hills were formed by sedimentary deposits during the Cretaceous period and consist of chalk, limestone, and sandstone rock outcroppings.
The Smoky Hills region is part of the Plains Border subregion of the Great Plains. It occupies nearly all of north-central Kansas, bordered on the west by the High Plains, on the northeast by the Dissected Till Plains, on the east by the Flint Hills, and on the south by the Arkansas River lowlands. The region extends into south-central Nebraska, bordered on the north by the Rainwater Basin. It consists of three belts of hills, all running southwest to northeast, which correspond to the underlying geological formations (see Geology). The Smoky Hills proper comprise the easternmost belt; the two western belts are known as the Blue Hills. The hills of the westernmost belt are also known as the Chalk Bluffs. The Blue Hills escarpment forms the boundary with the High Plains to the west. The Environmental Protection Agency divides the region into two ecoregions, the Smoky Hills proper constituting one in the east and the Blue Hills and Chalk Bluffs constituting the other, the Rolling Plains and Breaks ecoregion, in the west.
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South Carolina
South Carolina (i/ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/) is a state in the Southeastern United States. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina; to the south and west by Georgia, located across the Savannah River; and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence from the British Crown during the American Revolution. The colony was originally named by King Charles II of England in honor of his father Charles I (Carolus being Latin for Charles). South Carolina was the 8th state to ratify the US Constitution and become a state which it did on May 23, 1788. South Carolina later became the first state to vote to secede from the Union which it did on December 20, 1860. It was readmitted to the United States on June 25, 1868.
South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 24th most populous of the 50 United States. South Carolina comprises 46 counties. The capital and largest city of the state is Columbia.
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South Dakota
South Dakota (i/ˌsaʊθ dəˈkoʊtə/) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. South Dakota is the 17th most extensive, but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population of nearly 160,000, is South Dakota's largest city.
South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. The state is bisected by the Missouri River, dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves, known to residents as "East River" and "West River". Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state's population, and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops. West of the Missouri, ranching is the predominant agricultural activity, and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending.
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Southeast Kansas
Southeast Kansas is a region of the U.S. state of Kansas. It can be roughly defined by Woodson County in the northwest, Bourbon County in the northeast, Cherokee County in the southeast, and Montgomery County in the southwest. Geographically it is dominated by a broad rolling landscape located between the Flint Hills to the west and includes the Ozarks to the southeast. Some notable towns there include Pittsburg, Parsons, Coffeyville, Independence, Chanute, Fort Scott, and Iola. The region has a land area of 13,624.13 km² (5,260.30 sq mi) and a 2000 census population of 180,815 inhabitants. It has 6.43% of the state's land area and 6.726% of its population. It is dominated by a broad rolling landscape that includes the Ozarks. It receives more precipitation than any other part of Kansas. Southeast Kansas is located in the tallgrass prairie ecosystem of North America. Originally inhabited by several Native American tribes, frontier towns largely dependent on cattle ranching, and mining, were wracked by violence over the issue of slavery both before and during the American Civil War. Southeast Kansas offers one of the premier reconstructions of early life in the United States Army at Fort Scott National Historic Site.
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Sweden
Sweden (i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.
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Tennessee
Tennessee (i/tɛnɨˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ) is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th most extensive and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 626,144.Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 670,902.
The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861, and the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.
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Texas
Texas (i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi ) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas. Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
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The Ozarks
The Ozarks (also referred to as Ozarks Mountain Country, the Ozark Mountains, and the Ozark Plateau) are a physiographic and geologic highland region of the central United States. It covers much of the southern half of Missouri and an extensive portion of northwestern and north central Arkansas. The region also extends westward into northeastern Oklahoma and extreme southeastern Kansas. The wooded hills of southwest Illinois, though commonly called the "Illinois Ozarks," are generally not considered part of the true Ozarks.
Although referred to as the Ozark Mountains, the region is actually a high and deeply dissected plateau. Geologically, the area is a broad dome around the Saint Francois Mountains. The Ozark Highlands area, covering nearly 47,000 square miles (122,000 km2), is by far the most extensive mountainous region between the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains. Together, the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains form an area known as the U.S. Interior Highlands, and are sometimes referred to collectively. For example, the ecoregion called Ozark Mountain Forests includes the Ouachita Mountains, although the Arkansas River valley and the Ouachitas, both south of the Boston Mountains, are not usually considered part of the Ozarks.
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Thirteen Colonies
The Thirteen Colonies were the colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America founded between 1607 (Virginia) and 1733 (Georgia). They revolted in the American Revolution, starting in 1775, and in 1776 declared their independence from the British Empire and formed a new nation, the United States of America. The colonies were: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, Maryland, South Carolina, New Hampshire, Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. Each colony developed its own system of self government. Americans were mostly independent farmers, who owned their own land and voted for their local and provincial government. Benjamin Franklin, in 1772, after examining the wretched hovels in Scotland surrounding the opulent mansions of the land owners, said that in New England "every man" is a property owner, "has a Vote in public Affairs, lives in a tidy, warm House, has plenty of good Food and Fuel, with whole clothes from Head to Foot, the Manufacture perhaps of his own family."
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Utah
Utah (/ˈjuːtɔː/ ori/ˈjuːtɑː/) (Arapaho: Wo'tééneihí' ) is a state in the Western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the Union on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-most extensive, the 34th-most populous, and the 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,817,222 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the sixth most urbanized in the U.S. The name "Utah" is derived from the name of the Ute tribe and means "people of the mountains" in the Ute language. Utah is bordered by Arizona on the south, Colorado on the east, Wyoming on the northeast, Idaho on the north and Nevada on the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico.
Utah is the most religiously homogeneous state in the Union. It is home to the Salt Lake Temple, and approximately 60% of Utahns are reported to be members of LDS Church which greatly influences Utah culture and daily life.
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Verdigris River
The Verdigris River (pronounced /ˈvɜrdɨɡrɪs/) is a tributary of the Arkansas River in southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma in the United States. It is about 310 miles (500 km) long. Via the Arkansas, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed.
The Verdigris is formed near Madison, Kansas, by the convergence of two short headwaters streams, its North and South forks, and flows generally southward throughout its course. South of Coffeyville, the river enters Oklahoma. It joins the Arkansas River near Muskogee, about a mile upstream of the mouth of the Neosho River.
The river is mentioned in accounts by Zebulon Pike (1806), Thomas Nuttall (1818), and because of the fur trade had numerous trading posts along its route. The name is derived from the Spanish words verde, meaning "green," and gris, meaning "grey." According to the Encyclopædia Britannica the name may be derived from a gray-green substance resembling a copper ore. In the treaty of 1834 with the Cherokee Indians, the river was named as a part of the boundary of their lands.
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Vermont
Vermonti/vɜrˈmɒnt/ is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Vermont is the 6th least extensive and the 2nd least populous of the 50 United States. It is the only New England state not bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Lake Champlain forms half of Vermont's western border, which it shares with the state of New York. The Green Mountains are within the state. Vermont is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.
Originally inhabited by two major Native American tribes (the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki and the Iroquois), much of the territory that is now Vermont was claimed by France during its early colonial period. France ceded the territory to the Kingdom of Great Britain after being defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years' War (also called the French and Indian War). For many years, the nearby colonies, especially New Hampshire and New York, disputed control of the area (then called the New Hampshire Grants). Settlers who held land titles granted by these colonies were opposed by the Green Mountain Boys militia, which eventually prevailed in creating an independent state, the Vermont Republic. Founded in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, the republic lasted for fourteen years. Vermont is one of seventeen U.S. states (along with Texas, Hawaii, the brief California Republic, and each of the original Thirteen Colonies) to have had a sovereign government in the past. In 1791, Vermont joined the United States as the 14th state, the first outside the original 13 Colonies. It abolished slavery while still independent, and upon joining the Union became the first state to have done so.
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Virginia
Virginia (i/vərˈdʒɪnjə/), officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state located in the South Atlantic region of the United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" after the eight U.S. presidents born there. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's population is over eight million.
The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties separated to form the state of West Virginia. Although the Commonwealth was under conservative single-party rule for nearly a century following Reconstruction, both major national parties are competitive in modern Virginia.
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Wakarusa River
The Wakarusa River is a tributary of the Kansas River, approximately 80.5 miles (129.6 km) long, in eastern Kansas in the United States. It drains an agricultural area of rolling limestone hills south of Topeka and Lawrence.
It rises in several branches located southwest of Topeka. The main branch rises on the Wabaunsee-Shawnee county line, approximately 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Topeka and flows east. The South Branch rises in eastern Wabaunsee County, approximately 15 miles (24 km) southwest of Topeka and flows east-northeast, joining the main branch south of Topeka.
The main branch flows generally east, flowing south of Lawrence. It joins the Kansas River in Douglas County at Eudora, approximately 8 miles (13 km) east of Lawrence. It is impounded by Clinton Dam approximately 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Lawrence to form Clinton Lake.
The river is known for its gentle current that winds through river-level outcropping rocks, primarily of Pennsylvanian limestone. This reach of the river was inhabited by different Native American tribes, including the Kansa and Osage Nation in the 18th century.
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Wall Street
Wall Street refers to the financial district of New York City, named after and centered on the eight-block-long street running from Broadway to South Street on the East River in Lower Manhattan. Over time, the term has become a metonym for the financial markets of the United States as a whole, or signifying New York-based financial interests. It is the home of the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies. Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including NASDAQ, the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange. Anchored by Wall Street, New York City is one of the world's principal financial centers.
There are varying accounts about how the Dutch-named "de Waal Straat" got its name. A generally accepted version is that the name of the street name was derived from an earthen wall on the northern boundary of the New Amsterdam settlement, perhaps to protect against English colonial encroachment or incursions by native Americans. A conflicting explanation is that Wall Street was named after Walloons -- possibly a Dutch abbreviation for Walloon being Waal. Among the first settlers that embarked on the ship "Nieu Nederlandt" in 1624 were 30 Walloon families.
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Washburn University
Washburn University (WU) is a co-educational, public institution of higher learning in Topeka, Kansas, USA. It offers undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as professional programs in law and business. Washburn has 550 faculty members, who teach more than 6,400 undergraduate students and nearly 1,000 graduate students. The university's assets include a $152 million endowment.
The president of Washburn University is Jerry Farley, who has served as president since 1997 and taken an active approach in improving academics and student life. Washburn University is governed by a nine-member Board of Regents. Three, who must be residents of the state of Kansas, are appointed by the Governor. Three residents of the City of Topeka, one from each of the state senatorial districts, are appointed by the Mayor. One is the Mayor or a member of the governing body of the city designated by the Mayor. The Shawnee County Commission appoints one member, who must be a resident of Shawnee County but not of the City of Topeka. The Kansas Board of Regents annually selects one of its members to serve on the Washburn Board. Members of the Board (with the exception of the Kansas Board of Regents' appointee) serve staggered four-year terms.
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West Virginia
West Virginia (i/ˌwɛst vərˈdʒɪnjə/) is a state in the Appalachian region of the Eastern United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the northeast and Maryland to the east. West Virginia is the 41st most extensive and the 37th most populous of the 50 United States. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions and broke away from Virginia during the American Civil War. The new state was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863, and was a key Civil War border state. West Virginia was the only state to form by seceding from a Confederate state, and was one of two states formed during the American Civil War (the other one being Nevada, which separated from Utah Territory).
The Census Bureau and the Association of American Geographers classify West Virginia as part of the South. The northern panhandle extends adjacent to Pennsylvania and Ohio, with the West Virginia cities of Wheeling and Weirton just across the border from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, while Bluefield is less than 70 miles (110 km) from North Carolina. Huntington in the southwest is close to the states of Ohio and Kentucky, while Martinsburg and Harpers Ferry in the Eastern Panhandle region are considered to be a part of the Washington metropolitan area, in between the states of Maryland and Virginia. The unique position of West Virginia means that it is often included in several geographical regions, including the Mid-Atlantic, the Upland South, and the Southeastern United States. Notably, it is the only state that is entirely within the area served by the Appalachian Regional Commission; the area is commonly defined as "Appalachia".
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Wisconsin
Wisconsin (i/wɨsˈkɒnsɨn/) is a US state located in the north-central United States and is part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd most extensive and the 20th most populous of the 50 United States. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. The state is divided into 72 counties.
The word Wisconsin originates from the name given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian speaking American Indian groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River and record its name, arriving in 1673 and calling the river Meskousing in his journal. This spelling was later corrupted to Ouisconsin by other French explorers, and over time this version became the French name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling to its modern form when they began to arrive in greater numbers during the early 19th century. The current spelling was made official by the legislature of Wisconsin Territory in 1845.
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Wyoming
Wyoming (i/waɪˈoʊmɪŋ/) is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. Wyoming is the 10th most extensive, but the least populous and the 2nd least densely populated of the 50 States. The western two thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains. Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city of Wyoming with a population of nearly 60,000 people within its city proper.
As specified in the designating legislation for the Territory of Wyoming, Wyoming's borders are lines of latitude, 41°N and 45°N, and longitude, 104°3'W and 111°3'W (27° W and 34° W of the Washington Meridian), making the shape of the state a latitude-longitude quadrangle. Wyoming is one of only three states (along with Colorado and Utah) to have borders along only straight latitudinal and longitudinal lines, rather than being defined by natural landmarks. Due to surveying inaccuracies during the 19th century, Wyoming's legal border deviates from the true latitude and longitude lines by up to half of a mile (.8 km) in some spots, especially in the mountainous region along the 45th parallel. Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, on the southwest by Utah, and on the west by Idaho. It is the ninth largest state in the United States in total area, containing 97,818 square miles (253,350 km2) and is made up of 23 counties. From the north border to the south border it is 276 miles (444 km); and from the east to the west border is 365 miles (587 km) at its south end and 342 miles (550 km) at the north end.
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Amelia Earhart
Amelia Mary Earhart (/ˈɛərhɑrt/ AIR-hart; July 24, 1897 – disappeared 1937) was a noted American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first woman to receive the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross, awarded for becoming the first aviatrix to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many other records, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots. Earhart joined the faculty of the Purdue University aviation department in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and help inspire others with her love for aviation. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party, and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.
During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10 Electra, Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. Fascination with her life, career and disappearance continues to this day.
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Americans
Americans, or American people, are the citizens of the United States of America. The country is home to people of different national origins. As a result, Americans do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship. Aside from the Native American population, nearly all Americans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.
Despite its multi-ethnic composition, the culture held in common by most Americans is referred to as mainstream American culture, a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of Western European immigrants. It also includes influences of African American culture. Westward expansion integrated the Creoles and Cajuns of Louisiana and the Hispanos of the Southwest and brought close contact with the culture of Mexico. Large-scale immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from Southern and Eastern Europe introduced a variety of elements. Immigration from Asia, Africa, and Latin America has also had impact. A cultural melting pot, or pluralistic salad bowl, describes the way in which generations of Americans have celebrated and exchanged distinctive cultural characteristics.
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Arlen Specter
Arlen Specter (born February 12, 1930) is a former United States Senator from Pennsylvania. Specter is a Democrat, but was a Republican from 1965 until switching to the Democratic Party in 2009. First elected in 1980, he represented his state for thirty years in the Senate. Specter is a moderate who staked out a spot in the political center.
Specter was born in Wichita, Kansas to an American mother and a father who immigrated from Russia. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and served with the United States Air Force during the Korean War. Specter later graduated from Yale Law School and opened a law firm with Marvin Katz, who would later become a federal judge. Specter served as assistant counsel for the Warren Commission investigating the assassination of John F. Kennedy and helped devise the "single bullet theory." In 1965, Specter was elected District Attorney of Philadelphia, a position that he would hold until he lost his re-election bid in 1973.
On April 28, 2009, Specter announced that, after 44 years as an elected Republican, he was switching membership to the Democratic Party, On May 18, 2010, Specter was defeated in the Democratic primary by Joe Sestak, who then was defeated by current Senator Pat Toomey in the general election. Toomey replaced Specter on January 3, 2011.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
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Bat Masterson
William Barclay "Bat" Masterson (November 26, 1853 – October 25, 1921) was a figure of the American Old West known as a buffalo hunter, U.S. Marshal and Army scout, avid fisherman, gambler, frontier lawman, and sports editor and columnist for the New York Morning Telegraph. He was the brother of lawmen James Masterson and Ed Masterson.
Born on November 26, 1853, at Henryville, Canada East and baptised as Bartholomew Masterson, he later used the name "William Barclay Masterson".[citation needed]
His father, Thomas Masterson (or Mastersan), was born in Canada of an Irish family; and his mother, Catherine McGurk (or McGureth), was born in Ireland. He was the second child in a family of five brothers and two sisters. They were raised on farms in Quebec, New York, and Illinois, until they finally settled near Wichita, Kansas.
In his late teens, he and two of his brothers, Ed Masterson and James Masterson, left their family's farm to become buffalo hunters. While traveling without his brothers, Bat took part in the Battle of Adobe Walls in Texas, and killed Comanche Indians. He then spent time as a U.S. Army scout in a campaign against the Kiowa and Comanche Indians.
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Bill Snyder
Bill Snyder (born October 7, 1939) is the head football coach at Kansas State University. He was rehired to the position on November 24, 2008, making Snyder one of the rare college football head coaches to have non-consecutive tenure at the same school. Snyder previously served as head coach at the school from 1989 to 2005. The football stadium at Kansas State University, Bill Snyder Family Football Stadium, is named in honor of him and his family.
Bill Snyder grew up without a father and was raised by his mother. He left for college in the fall of 1958 to the University of Missouri. He played football and was the first-string quarterback on the freshman team under coach Al Onofrio. He left after one semester in Columbia, returning home to St. Joseph, Missouri. He would go to a community college for one year before accepting a partial scholarship at William Jewell College, where he would graduate in three years. Snyder played defensive back at William Jewell.
Snyder had his first collegiate coaching experience in 1966, serving as a graduate assistant coach for the USC Trojans. He next worked as a head coach for several years in the California high school ranks. From 1976 to 1978, Snyder worked as an assistant coach at North Texas State, under Hall of Fame coach Hayden Fry. Snyder and Fry moved together to the University of Iowa in 1979, with Snyder serving as Fry's offensive coordinator for the next ten years. Snyder was hired as the 32nd head coach of the Kansas State University Wildcats following the 1988 season.
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Bob Dole
Robert Joseph "Bob" Dole (born July 22, 1923) is an American attorney and politician. Dole represented Kansas in the United States Senate from 1969 to 1996, was Gerald Ford's Vice Presidential running mate in the 1976 presidential election, and was Senate Majority Leader from 1985 to 1987 and in 1995 and 1996. Dole was the Republican party nominee in the presidential election of 1996, but he lost to incumbent Democrat Bill Clinton. Dole is currently special counsel at the Washington, D.C. office of law firm Alston & Bird.
In 2007, President George W. Bush appointed Dole as a co-chair of the commission to investigate problems at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, along with Donna Shalala, a former member of the Clinton cabinet. Dole is married to former U.S. cabinet member and former U.S. Senator Elizabeth Hanford Dole of North Carolina. Bob Dole is currently a member of the advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation.
Bob Dole was born in Russell, Kansas, the son of Bina M. (née Talbott; 1904–1983) and Doran Ray Dole (1901–1975). His father, who had moved the family to Russell while Dole was still a toddler, made a living by running a small creamery. Among his father's customers was the father of Arlen Specter who ran a junkyard in the town and used Dole's scales to weigh junk. Specter, who was six years younger than Dole and graduated Russell High School in 1947, was not a Dole contemporary although Specter's brother Morton Specter and Dole's brother Kenny Dole were friends. During the Great Depression, which hit Kansas very hard, the Dole family moved into the basement of their home and rented out the rest of the house. As a boy, he took many odd jobs around Russell, and he would later work as a soda jerk in the local drug store.
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Bud Fowler
John W. "Bud" Fowler (March 16, 1858 – February 26, 1913), born John W. Jackson, was an African-American baseball player, field manager, and club organizer. He is the earliest, known African-American player in organized professional baseball; that is, the major leagues and affiliated minor leagues. He played more seasons and more games in Organized Baseball than any African American until Jackie Robinson played his 11th season in 1956.
Fowler was "born John W. Jackson, the son of a fugitive hop-picker and barber" (Riley 1994, 294). In 1859 his family moved from Fort Plain, New York to Cooperstown, and he learned baseball there. Why he selected the name Bud Fowler is unknown. According to one biographer L. Robert Davids, he gained the nickname "Bud" because he called the other players by that name.
The earliest known newspaper identification of Fowler as a player is in April 1878 when he pitched for a team in Chelsea, Massachusetts. Later that month, he pitched a game for the Lynn Live Oaks against Boston of the National League. He finished that season with the Worcester club. Largely supporting himself as a barber, he continued to play for teams in New England and Canada for the next four years.
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Bug Holliday
James Wear "Bug" Holliday (February 8, 1867 – February 15, 1910) was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball for ten seasons, from 1889 through 1898, plus the 1885 World Series. He holds the distinction of being the first player to make his major league debut in post-season play, with the Chicago White Stockings in 1885. He played the rest of his career with the Cincinnati Reds, both when they were in the American Association and in the National League. He twice led the league in home runs, and was among the leaders in various other offensive categories throughout his career. After his playing career was over, he was an umpire for one season.
Holliday was born in St. Louis, Missouri, and became the first player in major league history to make his debut in the post-season when he was called up by the Chicago White Stockings when they needed another outfielder after Game 4 of the 1885 World Series. He played in one game, and had one hit in four at bats. The distinction has since been matched by Mark Kiger, who played in the 2006 American League Championship Series for the Oakland Athletics as a defensive replacement.
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Dan Glickman
Daniel Robert "Dan" Glickman (born November 24, 1944) is an American businessman and politician. He served as the United States Secretary of Agriculture from 1995 until 2001, prior to which he represented the Fourth Congressional District of Kansas as a Democrat in Congress for 18 years. He was Chairman and CEO of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) from 2004–2010. He serves as a Senior Fellow at the Bipartisan Policy Center, where he focuses on public health, national security, and economic policy issues. He also co-chairs BPC's Democracy Project and co-leads the center's Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative.
He also serves on the board of directors of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange,MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger and the board of Friends of the World Food Program. He also serves on the Council on American Politics, which brings leaders from the forefront of today's political and communications arena together to address issues facing the growth and enrichment of GW’s Graduate School of Political Management where he also teaches courses.
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Dan Stearns
Daniel Eckford Stearns (born October 17, 1861 in Buffalo, New York – June 28, 1944 in Glendale, California), commonly known as "Ecky" Stearns, was a Major League Baseball first baseman from 1880-1889. He played for the Buffalo Bisons, Detroit Wolverines, Kansas City Cowboys, Baltimore Orioles, and Cincinnati Red Stockings (AA).
At the start of the 1882 season, clubs playing in the American Association had their players wear non-matching silk uniforms, with a different color and/or pattern corresponding to each position in the field. Accordingly, on Opening Day for the Red Stockings, Stearns wore an unusual candy-striped jersey.
On September 11, 1882, Stearns was involved in a notable milestone, when pitcher Tony Mullane of the Louisville Eclipse pitched the first no-hit game in the history of the American Association against Stearns and his teammates on the Cincinnati Red Stockings, a 2–0 win by Louisville. Stearns made the game's final out by bouncing into a fielder's choice that forced runner Pop Snyder at second base. The Red Stockings had the last laugh, however, ending the year as the AA's inaugural champions.
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Derek Schmidt
Derek Schmidt is a the 44th and current Attorney General of Kansas. Schmidt previously served as member of the Kansas Senate, representing the 15th district, and as Senate Majority Leader. Before serving in the legislature, he was Special Counsel to Governor Bill Graves.
Schmidt defeated former attorney general, Democrat Stephen Six in the November 2010 elections. Schmidt resigned his Senate seat upon taking office as attorney general.
Derek Larkin Schmidt was born on January 23, 1968 in Independence, Kansas. Schmidt is the only child of Barbara Schmidt and Bill Schmidt. He attended the University of Kansas where he received a BA in Journalism. Schmidt went overseas to the United Kingdom where at the University of Leicester he obtained his Masters in International Politics. He went on to attend Georgetown University Law Center (GULC) where Schmidt received his Juris Doctor. While attending classes at GULC, Schmidt served as an assistant first to former United States Senator Nancy Kassebaum, and then to Senator Chuck Hagel. Following his graduation he served in several public official roles including Assistant Attorney General of Kansas, and as Special Counsel to the Governor of Kansas.
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Dutch American
A Dutch American is an American of Dutch descent.
Following the exploration of the American East Coast by Henry Hudson on behalf of the Dutch East India Company in 1609, Dutch settlement in the Americas started in 1613. From then on a number of villages, including New Amsterdam on the East Coast, which would become the future world metropolis of New York City, were established by Dutch immigrants. According to the 2000 United States Census, more than 5 million Americans claim total or partial Dutch heritage Today the majority of the Dutch Americans live in Michigan, California, Montana, Minnesota, New York, Wisconsin, Idaho, Utah, Iowa, Ohio, West Virginia, and Pennsylvania.
Because of huge losses of trade ships on their long routes circumnavigating the African Cape, the so-called "spice trade" with the Dutch East Indies was very dangerous and of high risk for sailors, and for investors providing resources to commission and equip a vessel, and provide trade goods. The individual traders that had bid against each other for over a century thus realised that greater profit and a better distribution of the risk could be attained by joining forces, which led to the world's first corporate, publicly traded multinational firm, the VOC, founded in 1602. This took away the biggest financial risk, but the long and dangerous voyage remained. To reduce this risk as well, many explorers sought a northern passage, not knowing of its then-impossibility due to ice blockage. Returning, however, from another failed expedition to find a northern route to the Pacific Ocean, the first Dutch vessel arrived at what is now New York Harbor.
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English American
English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo-Americans, although this may have a wider linguistic meaning) are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England.
According to American Community Survey in 2010 data, Americans reporting English ancestry made up an estimated 9.0% of the total U.S. population, and form the third largest European ancestry group after German Americans and Irish Americans. However, demographers regard this as an undercount, as the index of inconsistency is high, and many, if not most, people from English stock have a tendency to identify simply as Americans or, if of mixed European ancestry, nominate a more recent and differentiated ethnic group. Throughout the nineteenth century, England was the largest investor in American land development, railroads, mining, cattle ranching, and heavy industry. Perhaps because English settlers gained easy acceptance, they founded few organizations dedicated to preserving the traditions of their homeland.
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French American
French Americans or Franco-Americans are Americans of French or French Canadian descent. About 11.8 million U.S. residents are of this descent, and about 2.0 million speak French and French Creole at home. While Americans of French descent make up a substantial percentage of the American population, French Americans arguably are less visible than other similarly sized ethnic groups. This is due in part to the tendency of French American groups to identify more strongly with "New World" regional identities such as Acadian, Cajun, or Louisiana Creole. This has inhibited the development of a wider French American identity. The majority of Americans of French and French Canadian descent are descendants of those who first settled in Canada in the 17th century (known as New France at the time), which later became the Province of Quebec in 1763, Lower Canada in 1791, and a Canadian province of Quebec after Canadian Confederation in 1867. The majority of Americans of French descent, mostly resident in New England and the Midwest, are descendants of the Quebec Diaspora and the first Canadiens, while a few are of Acadian descent from the Canadian Maritime provinces. Immigration to the United States from France was much lower than from other parts of Europe, such as Ireland, Great Britain, Germany, Scandinavia, Italy, or Poland.
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German American
German Americans are citizens of the United States of German ancestry and comprise about 50 million people, or 17% of the U.S. population, the country's largest self-reported ancestral group.California, Texas and Pennsylvania have the largest numbers of German origin, although upper Midwestern states, including Ohio, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and the Dakotas, have the highest proportion of German Americans at over one-third.
None of the historical German states had overseas colonies, so not until the 1680s did the first significant groups of German immigrants arrive in the British colonies, settling primarily in New York and Pennsylvania. Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century, with some eight million arrivals from Germany. They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom, and pushed out of Europe by shortages of land and religious or political oppression. Many arrived seeking religious or political freedom, others for economic opportunities greater than those in Europe, and others simply for the chance to start fresh in the New World. The arrivals before 1850 were mostly farmers who sought out the most productive land, where their intensive farming techniques would pay off. After 1840, many came to cities, where "Germania"—German-speaking districts—soon emerged.
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Irish American
Irish Americans are citizens of the United States who can trace their ancestry to Ireland. A total of 36,278,332 Americans—estimated at 11.9% of the total population—reported Irish ancestry in the 2008 American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. Roughly another 3.5 million (or about another 1.2% of Americans) identified more specifically with Scotch-Irish ancestry. The Irish diaspora population in the United States is roughly 6 times the modern population of Ireland.
The only self-reported ancestral group larger than Irish Americans is German Americans. The Irish are widely dispersed in terms of geography, and demographics. Irish American political leaders have played a major role in local and national politics since before the American Revolutionary War: eight Irish Americans signed the United States Declaration of Independence, and 22 American Presidents, from Andrew Jackson to Barack Obama, have been at least partly of Irish ancestry. (See "American Presidents with Irish ancestry" below.)
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Italian American
An Italian American (Italian: Italoamericano singular, Italian: Italoamericani plural), is an American of Italian ancestry. The designation may also refer to someone possessing Italian and American dual citizenship. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States (not including American ethnicity, an ethnonym used by many in the United States; overall, Italian Americans rank seventh, behind German, Irish, African American, English, American and Mexican).
About 5.5 million Italians immigrated to the U.S. from 1820 to 2004. The greatest surge of immigration, which occurred in the period between 1880 and 1920, alone brought more than 4 million Italians to America. About 80% of the Italian immigrants came from Southern Italy, especially from Sicily, Campania, Abruzzo and Calabria. This was a largely agricultural and overpopulated region, where much of the populace had been impoverished by centuries of foreign misrule, and the economic measures imposed on the South after Italian unification in 1861 . After unification the Italian government initially encouraged emigration of landless peasants to relieve economic pressures in the South. In the U.S., most Italians began their new lives as unskilled, manual workers in Eastern cities, mining camps and in agriculture. Italian Americans gradually moved from the lower rungs of the economic scale in 1890-1910 to a level comparable to the national average by 1970. By 1990, more than 65% of Italian Americans were managerial, professional, or white-collar workers. The Italian-American communities have often been characterized by strong ties with family, the Catholic Church, fraternal organizations and political parties. Today, over 17.8 million Americans claim Italian ancestry.
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Jeff Colyer
Jeffrey "Jeff" Colyer, M.D. (born June 3, 1960) is the 49th and current Lieutenant Governor of Kansas. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a member of the Kansas Senate (2009–2011) and of the Kansas House of Representatives (2007–2009). He is also a physician, specializing in plastic surgery.
A fifth-generation Kansan, Jeff Colyer was raised in Hays, where his father worked as a dentist. He graduated from Thomas More Prep High School before enrolling at Georgetown University, where he earned undergraduate degrees in economics and pre-med in 1981. After receiving a Master's degree in International Relations from Cambridge University in 1982, he obtained his Doctor of Medicine degree from the University of Kansas in 1986.
Colyer had residency training in general surgery at the Washington Hospital Center (1986–1988, 1989–1991); in plastic surgery at the University of Missouri–Kansas City (1991–1993); and in craniofacial/pediatric plastic surgery at the International Craniofacial Institute in Dallas, Texas (1993–1994). In 1988, during his residency in at the Washington Hospital Center, he was named a White House Fellow and served in the Executive Office of the President and Agency for International Development under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. He is one of only three Kansans to be named a White House Fellow since the program was started by President Lyndon Johnson; another was Sam Brownback, under whom Colyer currently serves as lieutenant governor.
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Jerry Moran
Gerald W. "Jerry" Moran (born May 29, 1954) is the junior United States Senator from Kansas and a member of the Republican Party. Previously, he served as a member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Kansas's 1st congressional district.
Raised in Plainville, Kansas, Moran graduated from the University of Kansas and the University of Kansas School of Law. He worked in private law and served as the state special assistant attorney general (1982–85) and deputy attorney of Rooks County (1987–95). He served in the Kansas Senate (1989–1997), and was majority leader for his last two years. He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1996 and served six terms with little electoral opposition. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in a landslide in 2010. He is the ranking member of the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government and has a strongly conservative voting record.
Moran was born in Great Bend, Kansas, the son of Madeline Eleanor (née Fletcher) and Raymond Edwin "Ray" Moran. He was raised in Plainville. He attended Fort Hays State University before enrolling at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in economics in 1976. While attending the University of Kansas, he worked as a summer intern for U.S. Representative Keith Sebelius in 1974, when impeachment proceedings were being prepared against President Richard Nixon.
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Jimmy Macullar
James F. "Jimmy" Macullar (January 16, 1855 – April 8, 1924), also known as "Little Mac", was an American Major League Baseball player from Boston, Massachusetts. He played mostly at shortstop, but did play many games in the center field, for three different teams in two leagues. He holds the record for career games played at shortstop by a left-handed thrower, at 325, and is the only lefty to ever play more than 250 games at that position. Nicknamed "Little Mac", due to his small stature (5'6", 155 lbs), he was briefly a player-manager for the Syracuse Stars in 1879. Finishing with a 5-21 record, he never managed again.
He died in Baltimore, Maryland at the age of 69, and interred at Baltimore Cemetery.
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John Kerry
John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, the 10th most senior United States Senator and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He was the presidential nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2004 presidential election, but lost to then President George W. Bush.
The son of an Army Air Corps serviceman, Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado. He attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire and went on to graduate from Yale University class of 1966, where he majored in political science. He enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966 and, during 1968-1969, served a four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service he was awarded several combat medals that include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts. After returning to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesperson and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam war. During that period, he appeared before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of "war crimes".
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John McCain
John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican presidential nominee in the 2008 United States election.
McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds left him with lifelong physical limitations.
He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, where he entered politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he served two terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily four times, most recently in 2010. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also known for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his belief that the war in Iraq should be fought to a successful conclusion. McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel, and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.
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Kathleen Sebelius
Kathleen Sebelius (pronounced /sɨˈbiːliəs/; née Gilligan, born May 15, 1948) is an American politician currently serving as the 21st Secretary of Health and Human Services. She was the second female Governor of Kansas from 2003 to 2009, the Democratic respondent to the 2008 State of the Union address, and chair-emerita of the Democratic Governors Association.
Sebelius was born and raised in a Roman Catholic family in Cincinnati, Ohio. She attended the Summit Country Day School in Cincinnati and graduated from Trinity Washington University in Washington, D.C. with a B.A. in political science. She later earned a Master of Public Administration degree from the University of Kansas. She moved to Kansas in 1974, where she served for eight years as a representative in the Kansas Legislature and eight years as Insurance Commissioner before being elected governor.
Sebelius is the daughter of former Democratic Ohio Governor John J. Gilligan, and thus they became the first father/daughter governor pair in the United States after her election. Following passage of the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, she pointed out another father-daughter connection: her father had been in the House of Representatives when Medicare was originally passed in 1965.
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Kevin Yoder
Kevin Wayne Yoder (born January 8, 1976) is the U.S. Representative for Kansas's 3rd congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party. He was the Kansas State Representative for the 20th district from 2002 until 2011.
Yoder was born and grew up on a grain and livestock farm in Yoder, Kansas, a small farming town outside of Hutchinson, Kansas. He is the son of Susan Elizabeth Peck (née Alexander) and Wayne E. Yoder. His ancestry includes Northern Irish, German, and English. Yoder graduated from Hutchinson High School.
Yoder graduated from the University of Kansas in 1999 with degrees in English and Political Science. He served as KU Student Body President, President of the Kansas Union Memorial Corporation Board of Directors, and a member of the KU Athletics Corporation Board of Directors and became a member of Lambda Chi Alpha. While at the University of Kansas, Yoder interned with the Kansas State Legislature. Yoder received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of Kansas Law School in 2002, where he served for two years as Student Bar Association President.
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Korean War
The Korean War (Korean: 한국전쟁 or 조선전쟁, Hanja: 韓國戰爭 or 朝鮮戰爭; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was a war between the Republic of Korea (supported primarily by the United States of America, with contributions from allied nations under the aegis of the United Nations) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (supported by the People's Republic of China, with military and material aid from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The Korean War was primarily the result of the political division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II. The Korean Peninsula was ruled by the Empire of Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II. Following the surrender of the Empire of Japan in September 1945, American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th parallel, with U.S. military forces occupying the southern half and Soviet military forces occupying the northern half.
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Kris Kobach
Kris W. Kobach (born March 26, 1966) is the Secretary of State of Kansas. He is also currently of counsel with the Immigration Law Reform Institute in Washington, D.C.
He is a former chairman of Kansas Republican Party and city councilman in Overland Park, Kansas. He ran unsuccessfully for Kansas's 3rd congressional district in 2004. In May 2009, he announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for Secretary of State. In August 2010, he won the Republican nomination for Secretary of State in a three-way race, carrying 50 percent of the vote, and was elected Secretary of State in the general election in a 59–37 percent vote.
Kobach graduated from Washburn Rural High School in Topeka, Kansas in 1984. Four years later, he earned an A.B. (summa cum laude) in Government from Harvard University, graduating first in his class in the Government Department. Subsequently, the Court of St. James awarded him a Marshall Scholarship, which allowed him to earn M.A. and D.Phil. degrees in Politics from Oxford University (in 1990 and 1992, respectively). He then returned to the United States and attended the Yale Law School, where he earned his J.D. in 1995 and served as an editor on the Yale Law Journal. During this time, he published two books: The Referendum: Direct Democracy in Switzerland (Dartmouth, 1994), and Political Capital: The Motives, Tactics, and Goals of Politicized Businesses in South Africa (University Press of America, 1990).
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Lynn Jenkins
Lynn Jenkins (born June 10, 1963) is the U.S. Representative for Kansas's 2nd congressional district, serving since 2009. She is a member of the Republican Party. As of the 112th Congress, she is the senior member of Kansas' House delegation. She previously served as Kansas State Treasurer from 2002 to 2008, and in the Kansas House of Representatives and the Kansas Senate, from 1999 to 2002.
Jenkins was born in Holton, Kansas, and is a sixth-generation Kansan. She was raised on a dairy farm in Holton, where she attended high school. Later she graduated from Kansas State University and Weber State College with an accounting major and an economics minor. She is a Certified Public Accountant.
Jenkins served for two years in the Kansas House of Representatives and for one term in the Kansas State Senate. She was elected State Treasurer in 2002 at which time she began serving in a number of organizations, including as president of the National Association of State Treasurers (NAST).
On April 4, 2007, Jenkins announced that she had filed papers with the Federal Election Commission as a first step of running for the U.S. House of Representatives for Kansas's 2nd congressional district.
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Mike Pompeo
Michael Richard Pompeo (born December 30, 1963) is the U.S. Representative for Kansas's 4th congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party. He has also served as a Kansas representative on the Republican National Committee.
Pompeo attended the U.S. Military Academy where he majored in Mechanical Engineering, graduating first in his class. He subsequently graduated from Harvard Law School, where he was an editor of the Harvard Law Review. He then worked as a lawyer for Williams & Connolly.
Pompeo founded Thayer Aerospace. He sold his interest in Thayer in 2006 and the company is now known as Nex-Tech Aerospace.
Pompeo serves as a trustee on the Koch Industries-funded Kansas Policy Institute (originally named the Kansas Public Policy Institute and then the Flint Hills Center for Public Policy), a conservative think tank.
Pompeo defeated Democratic nominee State Representative Raj Goyle, Libertarian nominee Shawn Smith, and Reform Party nominee Susan G. Ducey. Pompeo received 59% of the vote (117,171 votes), to 36% for Goyle (71,866).
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Pat Roberts
Charles Patrick "Pat" Roberts (born April 20, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Kansas. A member of the Republican Party, he has served since 1997. He is the ranking member of the United States Senate Committee on Agriculture and previously served as the Chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.
Born in Topeka, Kansas, Roberts is a graduate of Kansas State University. He served as a captain in the U.S. Marine Corps and worked as a newspaper reporter before entering politics in the late 1960s. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1980 to succeed 1st District Congressman Keith Sebelius, for whom he had worked. He served eight terms in the House, including one as chairman of the House Agriculture Committee.
Roberts was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1996, and is currently serving his third term. He has a conservative voting record. On the Intelligence Committee he was responsible for an investigation into the intelligence failures prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He led the creation of the Pat Roberts Intelligence Scholars Program in 2004.
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Perry Werden
Percival Wheritt Werden (July 21, 1865 – January 9, 1934) born in St. Louis, Missouri, was a First Baseman for the St. Louis Maroons (1884), Washington Nationals (1888), Toledo Maumees (1890), Baltimore Orioles (1891), St. Louis Browns (1892–93) and Louisville Colonels (1897).
Werden played as a pitcher in 1884 where he had a 12–1 Win-Loss record (leading the Union Association in winning percentage at .923), 16 Games, 16 Games Started, 12 Complete Games, 1 Shutout, 141 ⅓ Innings Pitched, 113 Hits Allowed, 61 Runs Allowed, 31 Earned Runs Allowed, 1 Home Run Allowed, 22 Walks Allowed, 51 Strikeouts and a 1.97 ERA. During this season, he helped the Maroons win the first and only Union Association pennant.
An arm injury moved Werden to first base and in 7 seasons he played in 693 Games, 2,740 At Bats, 444 Runs, 773 Hits, 109 Doubles, 87 Triples, 26 Home Runs, 439 RBI, 150 Stolen Bases, 281 Walks, .282 Batting Average, .359 On-base percentage, .414 Slugging Percentage, 1,134 Total Bases and 5 Sacrifice Hits.
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Polish American
A Polish American (Polish: Amerykanin polskiego pochodzenia), is a citizen of the United States of Polish descent. There are an estimated 10 million Polish Americans, representing about 3.2% of the population of the United States. No distinction is made in the American census between ethnically Polish Americans and descendants of non-ethnic Poles, such as Jews or Ukrainians, who were born in the territory of Poland and considered themselves Polish nationals. Therefore, some say, of the 10 million Polish Americans, only a certain portion are of Polish ethnic descent. On the other hand, many ethnic Poles when entering the US from 1795–1917, when Poland did not exist, did not identify themselves as ethnic Poles and instead identified themselves as either German, Austrian or Russian (this pertained to the nations occupying Poland from 1795–1917). Therefore, the actual amount of Americans of at least partial Polish ancestry, could be well over 10 million. Polish Americans are the largest European ethnic group in the United States of Slavic origin.
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Ron Estes
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Ron Estes (born July 19, 1956) is the Kansas State Treasurer. He was sworn in January 10, 2011, as the 39th Treasurer of the state of Kansas.
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Sam Brownback
Samuel Dale "Sam" Brownback (born September 12, 1956) is an American politician who has been the 46th Governor of Kansas since January 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he served as a U.S. Representative for Kansas's 2nd congressional district from 1995 to 1996 and then as a U.S. Senator from Kansas from 1996 to 2011. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination in the 2008 presidential election, withdrawing before the primaries.
Sam Brownback was born in Garnett, Kansas, the son of Nancy and Glenn Robert Brownback. He was raised in a farming family in Parker, Kansas; his distant ancestors, of German descent, settled in Kansas after leaving Pennsylvania following the Civil War. Brownback was state president of the Kansas FFA Association, and was one of the national vice presidents of the National FFA Organization from 1976 to 1977. While at Kansas State University, he was elected student body president and was a member of Alpha Gamma Rho. He received his J.D. from the University of Kansas in 1982.
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Sandy Praeger
Sandy Praeger is the Republican Kansas Insurance Commissioner. She was first elected on November 2, 2002. Her term began January 13, 2003. She was re-elected in 2006 to the same position. Commissioner Praeger is responsible for regulating all insurance sold in Kansas and overseeing the nearly 1,700 insurance companies and 90,000 agents licensed to do business in the state.
Praeger is also the past-president of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners, and has been their spokesperson in favor of maintaining state insurance regulation rather than an optional federal charter. [1]
Commissioner Praeger is a graduate of the University of Kansas.
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Scottish American
Scottish Americans or Scots Americans (Scottish Gaelic: Ameireaganaich Albannach) are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in Scotland. Scottish Americans are closely related to Scots-Irish Americans, descendants of Ulster Scots, and communities emphasize and celebrate a common heritage. The majority of Scot-Irish originally came from the lowlands and border country of Scotland before migrating to the province of Ulster in Ireland (see Plantation of Ulster) and thence, beginning about five generations later, to North America in large numbers during the eighteenth century.
Recent studies state that there are between 30-40 million Americans who claim Scottish and Scot-Irish heritage in the United States. These figures include both Americans who claim Scottish heritage only as well as those who claim Scottish and other nationalities.
The first Scots in North America probably came with the Vikings. A Hebridean bard is said to have accompanied Bjarni Herjolfsson on his voyage around Greenland in 985 which sighted the mainland. On the evidence of the sagas, the first Scots to set foot in the New World were slaves, a man named Hake and a woman named Hekja, who scouted for Thorfinn Karlsefni's expedition in 1010, gathering wheat and the grapes for which Vinland was named. The controversial Zeno letters have been cited in support of a claim that Henry Sinclair, earl of Orkney, visited Nova Scotia in 1398. In the early years of Spanish colonization of the Americas, a Scot named Tam Blake spent 20 years in Mexico and Colombia and joined Coronado's 1540 expedition to the American Southwest.
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Swedish American
Swedish Americans are Americans of Swedish descent, especially the descendants of about 1.2 million immigrants from Sweden during 1885–1915. Most were Lutherans who were affiliated with predecessor bodies of what are now the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) or Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod or North American Lutheran Church (NALC); some were Methodists. Historically Swedish Americans are concentrated in the Midwest, roughly in the area west and northwest of Chicago.
The first Swedish Americans were the settlers of New Sweden. A colony established by Queen Christina of Sweden in 1638, it centered around the Delaware Valley including parts of the present-day states of Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. New Sweden was incorporated into New Netherland in 1655 and ceased to be an official territory of the Realm of Sweden. However, many Swedish and Finnish colonists remained and were allowed some political and cultural autonomy.
Present day reminders of the history of New Sweden are reflected in the presence of the American Swedish Historical Museum in Philadelphia, Fort Christina State Park in Wilmington, Delaware, Governor Printz Park and The Printzhof in Essington, Pennsylvania.
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Tim Huelskamp
Timothy Alan Huelskamp (born November 11, 1968) is the U.S. Representative for Kansas's 1st congressional district. He is a member of the Republican Party. He represented the 38th District in the Kansas Senate from 1997 until entering Congress in 2011.
Huelskamp was born near and raised on the family farm in Fowler, Kansas. Pioneered by his grandparents Martin and Clara in 1926, the farm operation includes raising corn, cattle, wheat, milo, soybeans and kids. He attended elementary and high school in Fowler, where he was a Farm Bureau Youth Leader, a member of St. Anthony’s Parish, and active in both 4-H and Future Farmers of America.
After attending seminary for two years in Santa Fe, Huelskamp transferred and received his B.A. in social science education from the College of Santa Fe in 1991. He received his Ph.D. in political science and agricultural policy from the American University in 1995.
Huelskamp has been a teacher, budget and legislative analyst for the State of New Mexico, farmer, rancher and internet entrepreneur.
wn.com/Tim_Huelskamp -
Tom Pendergast
Thomas Joseph Pendergast (July 22, 1873 – January 26, 1945) controlled Kansas City and Jackson County, Missouri as a political boss from approximately 1925 to 1939. "Boss Tom" Pendergast gave workers jobs and helped elect politicians, becoming wealthy in the process. He was eventually convicted of income tax evasion and served 15 months in a Federal prison.
Pendergast was a patron of the early political career of Harry S Truman, a fact that caused some controversy after Truman became Vice-President and then President.
Thomas Joseph Pendergast, also known to close friends as "TJ" was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1873. He was raised Catholic and had nine brothers and sisters. The family's name is misspelled as Pendergest in the 1880 census and is listed accordingly:
It has been claimed that Pendergast attended St. Mary's College, a boarding school for boys as young as nine and as old as eighteen, conducted by the Jesuits in St. Mary's, Kansas, but records of the school, kept in the Jesuit archives in St. Louis, disprove this claim. (St. Mary's College was not connected in any way to the girls school of the same name in Leavenworth, Kansas, conducted by the Sisters of Charity.) It is sometimes claimed that he earned a football scholarship to St. Mary's College, but that also is untrue. There were no athletic scholarships awarded at that time, and there were no intramural games.[citation needed]
wn.com/Tom_Pendergast -
Walter Chrysler
Walter Percy Chrysler (April 2, 1875 – August 18, 1940) was an American automotive industry executive and founder of the Chrysler Corporation.
Chrysler was born in Wamego, Kansas and grew up in Ellis, Kansas. A Freemason, Chrysler began his career as a machinist and railroad mechanic.
Chrysler apprenticed in the railroad shops at Ellis as a machinist and railroad mechanic. He then spent a period of years roaming the west, working for various railroads as a roundhouse mechanic with a reputation of being good at valve-setting jobs. Some of his moves were due to restlessness and a too-quick temper, but his roaming was also a way to become more well-rounded in his railroad knowledge. He worked his way up through positions such as foreman, superintendent, division master mechanic, and general master mechanic.
From 1905-1906, Chrysler worked for the Fort Worth and Denver Railway in Childress, a West Texas city considered the "Gateway to the Texas Panhandle." He later lived and worked in Oelwein, Iowa, at the main shops of the Chicago Great Western where there is a small park dedicated to him.
wn.com/Walter_Chrysler -
Wendell Willkie
Wendell Lewis Willkie (/ˈwɛndl[unsupported input] ˈl[unsupported input]ɨs ˈwɪlki/; February 18, 1892 – October 8, 1944) was a corporate lawyer in the United States and a dark horse who became the Republican Party nominee for the president in 1940. A member of the liberal wing of the GOP, he crusaded against those domestic policies of the New Deal that he thought were inefficient and anti-business. Willkie, an internationalist, needed the votes of the large isolationist element, so he waffled on the bitterly debated issue of America's role in World War II, losing support from both sides. His opponent Franklin D. Roosevelt won the 1940 election with 55% of the popular vote and 85% of the electoral vote.
Afterward, Roosevelt found Willkie to be compatible politically with his plans and brought him aboard as an informal ambassador-at-large. Willkie criss-crossed the globe on the former army bomber The Gulliver, bringing home a vision of "One World" freed from imperialism and colonialism. "One World" was Willkie's travelogue of his travels and meetings of the then-Allies heads of state, as well as ordinary citizens and soldiers in regions such as Russia and Iran. His liberalism lost him supporters in the GOP and he dropped out of the 1944 race, then died of a heart attack. He never held political office.
wn.com/Wendell_Willkie -
Wild Bill Hickok
James Butler Hickok (May 27, 1837 – August 2, 1876), better known as Wild Bill Hickok, was a folk hero of the American Old West. His skills as a gunfighter and scout, along with his reputation as a lawman, provided the basis for his fame, although some of his exploits are fictionalized.
Hickok came to the West as a stagecoach driver, then became a lawman in the frontier territories of Kansas and Nebraska. He fought for the Union Army during the American Civil War, and gained publicity after the war as a scout, marksman, actor, and professional gambler. Between his law-enforcement duties and gambling, which easily overlapped, Hickok was involved in several notable shootouts. He was shot and killed while playing poker in the Number Ten Saloon in Deadwood, Dakota Territory (now South Dakota).
Hickok was born in Homer, Illinois (now Troy Grove, Illinois) on May 27, 1837 of English ancestry. His birthplace is now the Wild Bill Hickok Memorial, a listed historic site under the supervision of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. Hickok was a good shot from a very young age and was recognized locally as an outstanding marksman with a pistol.
wn.com/Wild_Bill_Hickok -
William Allen White
William Allen White (February 10, 1868 – January 29, 1944) was a renowned American newspaper editor, politician, author, and leader of the Progressive movement. Between 1896 and his death White became the iconic spokesman for middle America.
Born in Emporia, Kansas, White moved to El Dorado with his parents, Allen and Mary Ann Hatten White, where he spent the majority of his childhood. He loved animals and reading various books. He attended the College of Emporia and University of Kansas and in 1892 started work at The Kansas City Star as an editorial writer.
In 1895 White bought the Emporia Gazette for $3000 and became its editor.
In 1896 White attracted national attention with a scathing attack on William Jennings Bryan, the Democrats, and the Populists titled "What's the Matter With Kansas?" White sharply ridiculed Populist leaders for letting Kansas slip into economic stagnation and not keeping up economically with neighboring states because their anti-business policies frightened away economic capital from the state. The Republicans sent out hundreds of thousands of copies of the editorial in support of William McKinley during the United States presidential election, 1896.
wn.com/William_Allen_White -
William Quantrill
William Clarke Quantrill (July 31, 1837 – June 6, 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American Civil War. After leading a Confederate bushwhacker unit along the Missouri-Kansas border in the early 1860s, which included the infamous raid and sacking of Lawrence, Kansas in 1863, Quantrill eventually ended up in Kentucky where he was mortally wounded in a Union ambush in May 1865, aged 27.
Quantrill was the oldest of 12 children, four of which did not make it past infancy.. He was born at Canal Dover (now just Dover), Ohio, on July 31, 1837. His father was Thomas Henry Quantrill, formerly of Hagerstown, Maryland. His mother, Caroline Cornelia Clark, was a native of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. They were married on October 11, 1836, and moved to Canal Dover the following December.
William was well educated and followed in his father’s footsteps and became a school teacher at the age of sixteen. In 1854, his abusive father died of tuberculosis, leaving the family with a huge financial debt. William's mother had to turn her home into a boarding house in order to survive. He helped support the family working as a school teacher, but left home a year later and headed to Mendota, Illinois.. In Illinois, William continued his career as a teacher but soon moved again to Indiana. While in Indiana, William worked as a bookkeeper for a lumberyard in Fort Wayne, Indiana, as well as working as a school teacher all in order to try and support his family. However, unable to earn a decent wage, he quickly took up gambling and moved out to Salt Lake City, Utah. It was during this time that he learned how to use the Bowie knife, Sharps rifle and the Colt revolver. At the age of 19 he moved to Missouri at the urging of his friends and his mother. She was able to find a family friend that would take William with him to Missouri..
wn.com/William_Quantrill -
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913. Running against Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party candidate Theodore Roosevelt and Republican candidate William Howard Taft, Wilson was elected President as a Democrat in 1912.
In his first term as President, Wilson persuaded a Democratic Congress to pass major progressive reforms. Historian John M. Cooper argues that, in his first term, Wilson successfully pushed a legislative agenda that few presidents have equaled, and remained unmatched up until the New Deal. This agenda included the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Farm Loan Act and an income tax. Child labor was curtailed by the Keating–Owen Act of 1916, but the U.S. Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in 1918. He also had Congress pass the Adamson Act, which imposed an 8-hour workday for railroads. Wilson, after first sidestepping the issue, became a major advocate for the women's suffrage.
wn.com/Woodrow_Wilson -
Wyatt Earp
Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848 – January 13, 1929) was an American investor and law enforcement officer who served in several Western frontier towns. He was also at different times a farmer, teamster, bouncer, saloon-keeper, miner and boxing referee. He is best known for his part in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral during which three outlaw Cowboys were killed. The 30-second gunfight defined the rest of his life. Earp's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West's "toughest and deadliest gunman of his day."
Earp spent his early life in Iowa. His first wife Urilla Sutherland Earp died while pregnant less than a year after they married. Within the next two years he was arrested, sued twice, escaped from jail, then was arrested three more times for "keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame". He landed in the cattle boomtown of Wichita, Kansas where he became a deputy marshal for one year and developed a solid reputation as a lawman. In 1876 he followed his brother James to Dodge City, Kansas where he became an assistant marshal. In the winter of 1878 he went to Texas to gamble where he met John Henry "Doc" Holliday whom Earp credited with saving his life.
wn.com/Wyatt_Earp
- Kansas - Neil Young
- Kansas - Ashanti
- We're Not Alone Anymore - Kansas
- Under The Knife - Kansas
- Three Pretenders - Kansas
- The Wall - Kansas
- The Sky Is Falling - Kansas
- The Pinnacle - Kansas
- The Devil Game - Kansas
- Sparks Of The Tempest - Kansas
- Song for America - Kansas
- Right Away - Kansas
- Relentless - Kansas
- Reason To Be - Kansas
- Rainmaker - Kansas
- Power - Kansas
- Portrait (He Knew) - Kansas
- Perfect Lover - Kansas
- Peaceful and Warm - Kansas
- On The Other Side - Kansas
- Need - Kansas
- Myriad - Kansas
- Lonely Wind - Kansas
- Lonely Street - Kansas
- I Counted on Love - Kansas
- House On Fire - Kansas
- Hold On - Kansas
- Going Through the Motions - Kansas
- Excerpt From Lamplight Symphony - Kansas
- Distant Vision - Kansas
- CROSSFIRE - Kansas
- Can I Tell You - Kansas
- Bringing It Back - Kansas
- Borderline - Kansas
- Black Fathom 4 - Kansas
- Bells of Saint James - Kansas
- Apercu - Kansas
- Anything For You - Kansas
- Angels Have Fallen - Kansas
- All the World - Kansas
- All I Wanted - Kansas
- It's You - Kansas
- Face It - Kansas
- Death of Mother Nature Suite - Kansas
- Play On - Kansas
- How My Soul Cries Out for You - Kansas
- Get Rich - Kansas
- Whats On Your Mind - Kansas
- Tomb 19 - Kansas
- T.O. Witcher - Kansas
- Taking in the View - Kansas
- The Spider - Kansas
- The Pilgrimage - Kansas
- The Preacher - Kansas
- Silhouttes in Disguise - Kansas
- Stay Out of Trouble - Kansas
- Stand Beside Me - Kansas
- No Room for a Stranger - Kansas
- Magnum Opus - Kansas
- Point Of Know Return - Kansas
- People Of The South Wind - Kansas
- Nobody's Home - Kansas
- One Man, One Heart - Kansas
- One Big Sky - Kansas
- Musicatto - Kansas
- Mysteries and Mayhem - Kansas
- Mainstream - Kansas
- Lamplight Symphony - Kansas
- Lightning's Hand - Kansas
- Journey from Mariabronn - Kansas
- Incomudro - Hymn to the Atman - Kansas
- Incident on a Bridge - Kansas
- Icarus--Borne on the Wings of Steel - Kansas
- Fight Fire With Fire - Kansas
- Hopelessly Human - Kansas
- Hope Once Again - Kansas
- End of the Age - Kansas
- Dust In The Wind - Kansas
- Got to Rock On - Kansas
- Desperate Times - Kansas
- Cold Grey Morning - Kansas
- Don't Open Your Eyes - Kansas
- Cheyenne Anthem [live] - Kansas
- CHASING SHADOWS - Kansas
- Closet Chronicles - Kansas
- Child of Innocence. - Kansas
- Carry on Wayward Son [live] - Kansas
- Cant Cry Anymore - Kansas
- BACK DOOR - Kansas
- Belexes - Kansas
- Andi - Kansas
- Carry On Wayward Son - Kansas
- Windows - Kansas
- Eleanor Rigby - Kansas
- Don't Take Your Love Away - Kansas
- Cheyenne Anthem - Kansas
- Play The Game Tonight - Kansas
- Fair Exchange - Kansas
- Diamonds And Pearls - Kansas
- Down The Road - Kansas
- Three Pentenders - Kansas
- Silhouettes In Disguise - Kansas
- Paradox - Kansas
- Away From You - Kansas
- Angles Have Fallen - Kansas
- A Glimpse of Home - Kansas
- Two Cents Worth - Kansas
- It Takes a Woman's Love (To Make a Man) - Kansas
- Icarus- Borne On Wings Of Steel - Kansas
- Miracles Out of Nowhere - Kansas
- Once in a Lifetime - Kansas
- Freaks Of Nature - Kansas
- No One Together - Kansas
- Wheels - Kansas
- What's On My Mind - Kansas
- The Coming Dawn - Kansas
- Secret Service - Kansas
- Questions of My Childhood - Kansas
- Preamble - Kansas
- Opus Insert - Kansas
- Not Man Big - Kansas
- Loner - Kansas
- Inside Of Me - Kansas
- Icarus - Kansas
- I Can Fly - Kansas
- Curtain of Iron - Kansas
- Ghosts - Kansas
- Everybody's My Friend - Kansas
- Kansas - The Wolfgang Press
- Kansas - Vienna Teng
- Kansas - The Wedding Present
I feel like I just woke up
from a bad dream
And it's so good to have you
sleeping by my side
Although I'm not so sure
if I even know your name
Hold on, baby, hold on
We can go gliding through the air
Far from the jeers and lies
Yeah you are the one
I'm talkin' to this morning
With your mind so fine
and your friendly body lying
In my bungalow with stucco
With glory and sunset spa
Hold on, baby, hold on
It doesn't matter if you're the one
Wind blowin through my hair
Everybody tellin me theres nowhere like home
Oh no
Theres somewhere else for me
I need to take the oppurtunity and go
And go
Yeah
Its now near, not too far
And when i look up to the stars
I wanna be, i wanna be like they are
Sometimes you gotta get of kansas (gotta get out)
And sometimes you gotta take your chances (to find the answers)
Cuz noone ever made it just waitin around
For the big 15 minutes in a to big town
One thing i know is crystal clear
I gotta get out of here
I know the sound of a whole new crowd
While i wisper when i want to sing out loud
Let me here you say yeah yeah (yeah, yeah)
Im on land, but i can fly
Something in my heart saying i was ment to shine
Like a diamond in the sky
I wanna see my name in lights
And someone to buy movie rights
I wanna hear my music come to life
Sometimes you gotta get of kansas (gotta get out)
And sometimes you gotta take your chances (to find the answers)
Cuz noone ever made it just waitin around
For the big fancy menice in the two-bit town
One thing i know is crystal clear
I gotta get out of here
I gotta get outta here
Mmhmm
I got down on myself it looked like I was falling off the shelf
It was the wrong direction
I got way behind searching inside everybody trying to find
My own reflection
But I got something to say so get out of my way
'Cause I'm not all alone anymore
Better sound the alarm stand your ground raise your arm
'Cause you're not all alone anymore
I got out of control I figured there was a lock on rock and roll
And I lost the combination
But you better beware I'm used and abused I got nothing to lose
And I'm back from my vacation
But I got something to say so get out of my way
'Cause I'm not all alone anymore
Better sound the alarm stand your ground raise your arm
'Cause you're not all alone anymore
Stand up - We're not alone anymore
Stand up
Look up - We're not alone anymore
Look up
I got something to say so get out of my way
'Cause I'm not all alone anymore
Better sound the alarm stand your ground raise your arm
Buried deep under blood and skin
A whisper a tempest is raging from within
I hold my breath bitter proud
Afraid to scream fire in the middle of a crowd
I ponder incision envision the brain
I beckon the surgeon to a slice against the grain
Now that I've waisted you
The white room is pure the doctors are brave
If there's a cure I want to be saved
Sanctuary
Under the knife sharp and shiny key
Repair redeem resurrection
Under the knife they'll cut you out of me
Maybe love's imitation is life under the knife
I have come to determine a reasonable doubt
Where heaven and hell draw their boundary lines about
Now that I've waisted you now that I've tasted you
The white room had frost on the cold window pane
Your love had been lost my love was in vain
Sanctuary
Cynical splices stitch and install
Solder the filaments I feel nothing at all
Second wind secrets let them rise let them fall
I'll walk through your firestorm but never never crawl
The gambler lives the blood stain dries
It's time to forgive I open my eyes
Three pretenders forced their entry
There wasn't time to defend or attack
Somewhere inside I held their fury
But one by one my defenses began to crack
The first became a voice from my childhood
Without a world to call his own
Asking questions but doubting the answers
And too confused to stand up and face it alone
I can feel my body tremble
Like an animal under the gun
Can you feel your body tremble
Look in and see the eyes of Three Pretenders
The second came a shadowy hustler
Selling anything not nailed to the ground
He put a price on my resistance
And if it's high, I know he'll be marking it down
The third became a mysterious traveller
Stormy words like sea-weathered sails
His life was scarred with peaks and valleys
A haunted kingdom crumbling against the gales
I can feel my body tremble
Like a child afraid of the dark
Can you feel your body tremble
I'm woven in a fantasy
I can't believe the things I see
The path that I have chosen now
Has led me to a wall
And with each passing day
I feel a little more like something dear was lost
It rises now before me
A dark and silent barrier between
All I am, and all that I would ever want be
It's just a travesty
Towering, marking off the boundaries
My spirit would erase
To pass beyond is what I seek
I fear that I may be too weak
And those are few who've seen it through
To glimpse the other side
The promised land is waiting
Like a maiden that is soon to be a bride
The moment is a masterpiece
The weight of indecision's in the air
Standing there, the symbol and the sum of all that's me
It's just a travesty
Towering, blocking out the light and blinding me
I want to see
Gold and diamonds cast a spell
It's not for me I know it well
The riches that I seek
Are waiting on the other side
There's more than I can measure
In the treasures of the love that I can find
And though it's always been with me
I must tear down the wall and let it be
All I am and all that I was ever meant to be
In harmony
Shining true and smiling back at all who wait to cross
In Your Eyes
Seal no fate and hold no key
When all goes well spend some time remembering
Know by now that times have changed
But we feel each day can be deeper deeper
It might be raining now
But don't be scared you won't drown
I'll hold you in my arms when the rivers rise
Lay my heart besides your soul
Don't let the tears blur the vision in your eyes
Once my eyes get used to the dark
I look around it's almost like I'm dreaming
Shooting stars how they seem so close
(Livgren)
------------
I've so much to say, and yet I cannot speak
Come and do my bidding now for I have grown too weak
My weary eyes have seen all that life can give
Come to me, O young one, for you I can forgive
I stood where no man goes, and conquered demon foes
With glory and passion no longer in fashion
The hero breaks his blade
Cast this shadow long that I may hide my face
And in this cloak of darkness the world I will embrace
In all that I endure, of one thing I am sure
Knowledge and reason change like the season
A jester's promenade
Lying at my feet I see the offering you bring
The mark of Cain is on our faces, borne of suffering
O, I long to see you say it's not been wrong
I stand before you now, a riddle in my song
The answer is that sweet refrain
Unheard it always will remain
Beyond our reach, beyond our gain
Trapped in life's parade, a king without a crown
In this joy of madness, my smile might seem a frown
With talons wrought of steel, I tore the heart of doom
And in one gleaming moment I saw beyond the tomb
I stood where no man goes, above the din I rose
Life is amusing though we are losing
Drowned in tears of awe.
I've got books that say the good man's golden
And more that say the bad will fall
So many men have drowned in evil
And left Lucifer standing tall
Don't take the devil's dare
Don't gamble when the game ain't fair
Lock and bolt the doors
Can't let the devil use you anymore
You got to listen all you mugs and revers
If you do any wrong you make it right
You can't be a make-believer
'Cause soon you're gonna pay the price
Lying, hat and pain
All part of the devil game
Got his foot inside the door
But you can't let him use you anymore
Take, he will take, he will take, give him nothing he'll take
He will take, he will take, he will give nothing but he'll take
He will take, he will take, give him nothing he'll take
He will take, he will take, he will give nothing but he'll take
Pray, for devils have no reason
Satan waits to curse your ways
Have you seen it in his eyes in the sunset
Have you wondered if he's laughing when you play
Has he asked if you're alone if what he sees is all you own
Has he offered you happiness, money, or much better lays
Satan leave me, leave me lonely
Satan leave me, leave us alone
Satan leave me, leave me lonely
I've got books that say the good man's golden
And more that say the bad will fall
Take a look at what the future's holdin'
Won't be yours if you don't heed this call
Life is a game
And the stakes will remain the same
Now you've gotta choose
The sparks of the tempest rage a hundred years on
The voice of the dreamer screams, the cause of the pawn
The King and the Queen are gone, each piece is the same
The difference between us is a part of the game
Darkness is spreading like a spot on the sun
The dead are the living in the age of the gun
While everyone clamors for the justice they seek
The world is corrupted and the strong take the weak
They mold you and shape you, they watch what you do
The sparks of the tempest are burnin' you through
Spreading like wildfire, fallin' like rain
Though they may promise, they only bring pain
The future is managed, and your freedom's a joke
You don't know the difference as you put on the yoke
The less that you know the more you fall into place
A cog in the wheel, there is no soul in your face
Run for the cover, Millennium's here
Bearing the standard of confusion and fear
Spreading like wildfire, fallin' like rain
Though they may promise, they only bring pain
Blood in the sand, a cry in the street
Now the cycle is nearly complete.
Ten thousand years, and nothing was learned
No turning back, now the wheel has turned
Big Brother is watching and he likes what he sees
A world for the taking, when he's ready to squeeze
The King and the Queen are gone, each piece is the same
The difference between us is a part of the game
Soothsayer saying now tell me no lies
What is this madness that is filling the skies
Spreading like wildfire, fallin' like rain
(Kerry Livgren)
Virgin land of forest green, dark and stormy plains, here all life abounds
Sunlit valley, mountain fields, unseen in the rain, here all life abounds
No man rules this land, no human hand has soiled this paradise
Waiting patiently, so much to see, so rich in Earth's delights
Painted desert, sequined sky, stars that fill the night, here all life
abounds
Rivers flowing to the sea, sunshine pure and bright, here all life abounds
No man rules this land, no human hand has soiled this paradise
Waiting patiently, so much to see, so rich in Earth's delights
So the maiden lies in waiting for the sails to reach the shore
Land of beauty and abunance, innocent, you opened wide your door
Wanderers found the waiting treasure, full of gifts beyond their measure
Milk and honey for our pleasure...
Across the sea there came a multitude, sailing ships upon the wave
Filled with visions of Utopia and the freedom that they crave
Ravage, plunder, see no wonder, rape and kill and tear asunder
Chop the forest, plow it under...
Highways scar the mountainsides, buildings to the sky, people all around
So we rule this land, and her we stand upon our paradise
(Chorus)
Right away, love me right away
Won't you come on girl, there's no other way
If I were you, I would see it through
I'd be loving me, I'd know what to do right away
How do you feel about me now
The time has come, you must decide
Where you will run, where you will hide
How will I know if you're alright
I can feel the warmth of you next to me
Hearing your voice inside my head
Don't ever leave me, tell me you'll stay
Don't let me go on living this way
(Chorus)
All of this days and nights we shared
Remember the good, forget the bad
All of the things that we've been through
Don't they mean anything to you
Oh, when the night comes I feel all alone
Knowing that you won't be there
It was a good thing, what we once had
Can't live without it, I've gotta get it back
(Chorus)
In the time we spent together
Many words have passed between
And the feelings that we shared
Are all behind us now
'Cause a change has come upon me
And I'm surely not the same
There is so much more than what we feel
And live every day
Relentless, unchanging
Though the world is still before me now
I'm seeing forever
I will keep my heart and mind with you
So joyously I'm waiting for the day
In a single timeless moment
When the old was cast away
The new was born into a world of simple joy
And my life is still for living
Though it's seen through different eyes
And the knowledge of the truth's
A burden easy to bear
Relentless, unchanging
Though the world is still before me now
I'm seeing forever
I will keep my heart and mind with you
So joyously I'm waiting for the day
It's drawing so near
It's shrouded in mystery
Histories fall, the end of an age
The feeling we're waiting for, hoping for
Now, the time to come alive
The end to which we strive
Will soon arrive
Now the gift is truly given
If you only would receive
For you're standing in the crossroads
And you can't turn back
Though we can't conceive forever
And it's sometimes hard to care
Our lives do not compare
To what's awaiting us there
Relentless, unchanging
Though the world is still before me now
I'm seeing forever
I will keep my heart and mind with you
So joyously I'm waiting for the day
3:50
So long
Someone is waiting
I got places to go
I got things to see
No more
Procrastinating
For this is the moment that was meant for me
And I'm moving like a wave on the ocean
Drifting to the opposite side
Traveling with no destination
Just riding the tide
People
They say that I'm foolish
They say that I'm livin' in a fantasy
Well I say
Everything's easy
It's better than living in futility
So I'm standing here in back of the curtain
Waiting for the start of the show
Acting like an actor is easy
If you can let go
Someday
Something will find you
A magical feeling you could not foresee
A feeling
So devastating
From that moment on your life's a comedy
And suddenly you're as light as a feather
You're falling like a leaf from a tree
The things you thought you needed are fading
Your reason to be
Your reason to be
Have you ever seen a miracle - you couldn't doubt or imitate
What's it really worth to you to shake the holy hand of fate
Well I did what I could to make ends meet
Been a gunrunner and a medicine man
In a Kansas town I was a rainmaker - there the hand of fate got out of hand
Rainmaker Rainmaker save this one horse town
Rainmaker pray to heaven
From the Flint Hills the land was cracked and dried
Thirsty streets in misery
I took the sign down that said medicine man
Put one up that said rainmaker - that was me
So the townspeople gave me money up front
To light a fire - pray, and dance around
Tell them it'd rain so they'd all go to bed
And I'd make my break clean out of town
But I started this dance and a storm kicked up
The sky went black from coast to coast
It was too late to stop - it was to late to pray
I had summoned down the Holy Ghost
Oh the searing wind and the clouds of dust
And hell came raining down
What came out of me and the powers that be
Sometimes a smile can deceive
The one who has made you promise
Suddenly you can't believe
The truth only leaves you cold
Sometimes the answers you fear
Are there on the face in the mirror
Something the world needs to hear
But no one is even listening
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To back up the things you say
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To cut through the chains breakaway
Fortune can wear a disguise
Pride is a grand illusion
And when it's your name up in lights
Fate proves this one conclusion
Sometimes the answers you fear
Are there on the face in the mirror
Something the world needs to hear
The truth only leaves you cold
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To back up the things you say
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To cut through the chains breakaway
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To fight back and not be afraid
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To cut through the chains breakaway
All that you see someday will be
Lost in the shadows of time
Mountains must fall someday this all
Will be darkness where light used to shine
Sometimes a smile can deceive
The one who has made you promise
Suddenly you can't believe
That no one is even listening
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To back up the things you say
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To cut through the chains breakaway
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To fight back and not be afraid
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
To cut through the chains breakaway
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
Power, it takes power, power, it takes power
He had a thousand ideas
You might have heard his name
He lived alone with his vision
Not looking for fortune or fame
Never said too much to speak of
He was off on another plane
The words that he said were a mystery
Nobody's sure he was sane
But he knew, he knew more than me or you
No one could see his view
Oh, where was he going to
He was in search of an answer
The nature of what we are
He was trying to do it a new way
He was bright as a star
But nobody understood him
"His numbers are not the way"
He's lost in the deepest enigma
Which no one's unravelled today
[sung and written lyrics are different here; Steve sings "which no one
could ravel today" which has the same meaning (ravel and unravel are
synonyms).]
But he knew, he knew more than me or you
No one could see his view
Oh, where was he going to
And he tried
But before he could tell us he died
When he left us the people cried
Oh, where was he going to?
He had a different idea
A glimpse of the master plan
He could see into the future
A true visionary man
But there's something he never told us
It died when he went away
If only he could have been with us
No telling what he might say
But he knew, he knew more than me or you
No one could see his view
Oh, where was he going to
But he knew
You could tell by the picture he drew
It was totally something new
It's in your head, they're telling you it's in your head,
It's a figment of your imagination.
It isn't there, they're telling you it isn't there,
You're a victim of your infatuation.
What do I think that it is I see? I keep asking myself.
Nothing like this has ever happened to me ...
There's a perfect lover running through my head.
There's a perfect lover; I can see her in my head.
Perfect lover. Lover.
They keep telling you -- they keep telling you, it's just a fascination.
Why don't they listen -- no one listens to what I am sayin'!
And everyone tells you she just isn't there, that it just couldn't be.
If only they knew how real she is to me ...
There's a perfect lover running through my head.
There's a perfect lover; I can see her in my head.
There's a perfect lover running through my head.
There's a perfect lover; I can see her in my head.
Sometimes I hear the cry, (I hear it crying out)
Your voice from deep inside. (inside, inside, inside ...)
They're stealing you from me ...
Ever be ...
I'm not looking through the eyes of a desperate stranger.
What I envision is so real, I don't want to change her.
And sometimes I feel like she's standing right there,
Like I could reach out and touch her.
Only I know how real she is to me ...
There's a perfect lover running through my head.
There's a perfect lover; I can see you in my head.
There's a perfect lover running through my head.
I went driving through my old hometown
It was Thursday the bright sun on the horizon
I was surprised to see no one had burned it down
It seemed so peaceful and warm
Floods of memories came back to me
All the things we got away with when we were younger
And I felt kind of like a refugee
Like a scattered pile of leaves in a storm
Peaceful memory like lights on a Christmas tree
Every hometown should be peaceful and warm
Every father mother sister brother friend of the family
Peaceful and warm
Somehow now and then didn't seem to blend
'Till a farmer plowing his field waved hello
Another working man doing the best he can
I hope he is peaceful and warm
Peaceful memory plows in the green field sea
Every hometown should be peaceful and warm
Every father mother sister brother friend of the family
Peaceful and warm
On the Kansas banks of the Muddy Mo'
I threw rocks in the river and dreamed of running away
In a wind of change only a father knows
In a world so hectic so cold
I guess my old hometown's kinda dead and gone
Miss the sign on I-29 and you blow right by
But it's a place I can go remember where I come from
It will help me keep me peaceful and warm
Peaceful memory the only thing that's free
Take them and try to be peaceful and warm
Every father mother sister brother friend of the family
6:26
The empty page before me now
The pen is in my hand
The words don't come so easy
But I'm tryin'
I'm searching for a melody or some forgotten line
They can slip away from us so quickly
Don't be unkind
I'm not complaining
I only feel
It needs explaining
And though I've said it
All before I
Say it once again
Everyone needs somethin'
To believe in
So turn around
Turn around
It's on the other side
Feel the sound
Feel the sound
It's comin' from deep inside
It will fill you with emotion if you
Let it be your guide
Turn around
Turn around
It's on the other side
I'm waiting for the day to end another to begin
Somehow I've forgotten what it stood for
I look into your face and see the searching in your eyes
I will be your servant till the end
The music plays
And for a moment I feel
That all these days
Are so fulfilling
And though I've said it
All before I
Say it once again
Everyone needs somethin'
To believe in
So turn around
Turn around
It's on the other side
Feel the sound
Feel the sound
It's on the other side
It will fill you with emotion if you
Let it be your guide
Turn around
Turn around
It's on the other side
Desperation shows its ugly face in many ways
No one can escape the times we live in
The answers are so simple
And we all know where to look
It's easier
Just to avoid the question
And if I seem
Too inconclusive
It's just because
It's so elusive
And though I've said it
All before I'll
Say it once again
Everyone needs somethin'
To believe in
Turn around
Turn around
It's on the other side
Feel the sound
Feel the sound
It's coming from deep inside
It will fill you with emotion if you
Let it be your guide
Turn around
Turn around
It's on the other
I lost you a long time ago I tossed our love as far as I could throw
I can't help feelin tentative and blind
I only wish that you could read my mind
I need to pitch it all into the wind
I need to face a wall that's cavin' in
I need to fall fall again I do need you
Can friends be lovers can lovers still be friends
What about the story when there ain't no happy end
Look around look around and tell me
What am I s'posed to do
To say goodby'd be a big mistake after
All that we've been through
Some familiar face some familiar song
But those times have come and gone
Sometimes I feel like my memories are
Only there to let me know
That bein' lonely is so damn slow
It's like a deep dark fever dream
I get surges I take a midnight drive
I'm goin' nowhere I don't care when I arrive
I got questions the kind that got no clues
Upon the page, symbolic form,
Both a miracle and yet the norm
The functions clear,
Sum and difference will soon
Transform
Equations chain, lies in His hand,
Voice authority will dance command
Solution's true, line of measure will
Divide, expand
Myriad, see the numbers as they're
Counting down
Thousands and thousands
Myriad, form and function to display
The sound
Line upon line every melody points
The way
The cycle turns, like Heaven's gate,
Unknown integers predestinate
Calculating all we must explore, and
Navigate
Quantities no man can know,
No formula to wield
No pages left to turn,
(Steve Walsh)
When I'm needin' a friend I can talk to the wind
God I sure am glad that I found him
Sometimes he seems to be the only one beside me
Who can feel the Lord's breath all around him
Winter's cold frozen ice or a bright autumn day
On a warm summer night you can hear him say
CHORUS
Cry for me, sigh for me, sad breezes flow
Stay for me, play for me, the song my friends will know
My lonely wind must blow
Mighty friend that is mine, can you give me a sign?
He'll leave nothing but only to hear him
I've seen the tall trees bend low when his mighty winds blow
And that's all the more reason I fear him
Hear him call for the earth lonely I can feel his great pain
But on the eve of this day
I'll join in his refrain
CHORUS
When I'm needing a friend I'll remember the wind
And my life here with the breezes of sorrow
I'll be leaving himoon 'cause I've got to make room
For the lonely that will find him tomorrow
On a black stormy night in your bosom I'll cling
And I'll know I've found love and the last song we'll sing
CHORUS
Sometimes when I'm walking down this lonely street
Well, it sure don't seem like it's been twenty years
Since I went walking down this lonely street
And the smell of perfumed ladies filled the air
This street ain't got no name, dead end is in the river
And I lived where I hated life day by day
There wasn't nothing that I could do to shake a cold night shiver
'Cause to move up Lonely Street you had to have some say
Gambling is bad luck down on Lonely Street
And it sure ain't no place to be when a man gets sore
You know I killed a man and I paid all I can
With twenty years on a chain gang
For the flesh and the blood on that jail house floor
Sometimes when I'm walking down this lonely street
I get caught up in a dream that won't let me go
And as the bright lights flash up and down this lonely street
My mind rolls back the years a long time ago
I see my baby stumblin' 'round with tears in her eyes
And as I reach out for her, she falls on the floor
She mumbles through bloody lips about a black man, robber, raper
And in my gut I know I got one to score
I need somebody, oh oh yea
I need somebody, yea
And I need a, and I need a, eh ha
And I need a, yea ah
The word was comin' down, down on Lonely Street
That the black man was a dead man if he crossed my trail
Every night I'd walk up and down this Lonely Street
I get stinkin' drunk always in jail
One night they threw me in with a man they called, 'The Mangler'
He was caught on the street makin' some old whore
I remember he was quite proud of that
So half crazed I shot him
And I cried in the blood on that jail house floor
Oh I don't want no more
I'm hangin' on - cause I hate letting go (I hate letting go)
I'm not that strong - but you already know; how I hate letting go
We believed that dreams came true, now that picture's torn in two
I counted on love but love will never cry for me
I counted on love but love will never lie for me
I counted on love but lover say goodbye for me
I counted on love
Some great defender - is that what you need? To heal not to bleed
Some great pretender - shouting
"Set yourself free - Set yourself free"
Why do memories have to be like a lock without a key
I counted on love but love will never cry for me
I counted on love but love will never lie for me
I counted on love but lover say goodbye for me
I was flying oh so high
Now I'm trying not to cry
I was trying - but I'm dying, 'caus I hate letting go
I counted on love but love will never cry for me
I counted on love but love will never lie for me
I counted on love but lover say goodbye for me
She strides down 7th street
Smokey night - summer heat
Commotion - concrete fires
Where neon souls are burning
His whole life - a hung jury
She was the crime - Wheel's gonna pay
She's got blue steel; cocked and locked
She is Justice - Justice is burning
She's turning the tables upside down
She's like a flame; she's burning higher
She's like a house on fire - House on fire
Wheel feels lucky - drinkin' blind
One track mind - sheer distraction
Steps on cracks, breakin' backs
Nothin's sacred on the other side
He turns left - she turns right
They both step through the veil of night
Cold blue steel reflection
And Wheel's got nowhere to hide
She's turning the tables upside down
She's like a flame; she's burning higher
She's like a house on fire - House on fire
Players of passion playing with fire
Streetlights are flashing but who are they for
Fisted love fueling fantasy
Look in the mirror and tell me, just what you see
What have the years of your life taught you to be
Innocence dyin' in so many ways
Things that you dream of are lost, lost in the haze
Hold on, baby hold on, 'cause it's closer than you think
And you're standing on the brink
Hold on, baby hold on, 'cause there's something on the way
Your tomorrow's not the same as today
Don't you recall what you felt when you weren't alone
Someone who stood by your side, a face you have known
Where do you run when it's too much to bear
Who do you turn to in need when nobody's there
Hold on, baby hold on, 'cause it's closer than you think
And you're standing on the brink
Hold on, baby hold on, 'cause there's something on the way
Your tomorrow's not the same as today
Outside your door he is waiting, waiting for you
Sooner or later you know, he's got to come through
No hesitation and no holding back
Let it all go and you'll know, you're on the right track
Hold on, baby hold on, 'cause it's closer than you think
And you're standing on the brink
Hold on, baby hold on, 'cause there's something on the way
Your tomorrow's not the same
Hold on, baby hold on, 'cause it's closer than you think
And you're standing on the brink
Hold on, baby hold on, 'cause there's something on the way
Your tomorrow's not the same
Standing in line
At the usual time
With a dollar and a dime
Are you going through the motions?
Do you wear the latest style?
Can you guarantee a smile?
Won't you stop and talk awhile?
Are you going through the motions
(Chorus)
And is your day just a reflection of the day before?
Don't you ever stop and wonder if there's something more?
Do you really mean to tell me that you're satisfied?
Are you for real or are you going through the motions?
Heresay, there'say
Everything is fine
Are you running out of time?
Going through the motions
Some things never change
Easy chair, nine to five
Get ahead, stay alive
Are you going through the motions
(Chorus)
Stop and take a look around you
Don't say it isn't there
People going through the motions
Everywhere
I know it isn't easy
It gets tougher every day
But we keep going through the motions
Anyway
On a winter's night, stars are cold and bright in the sky,
The slumber of the earth is pure and deep
From a distant wood, drifts the echo of a beast
The old man stirs and wakens in the night
He stands before his window gazing at the grave
Forgotten dreams are flashing through his weary mind
And though his life is empty, he pretends that she's still there
With hunger in his soul, he yearns for life and love gone by,
With memories his one and only joy
All he has to give, he would give to bring back the life,
And raise the one who lies beneath the snow
He lights a lamp and looks at pictures of the past
The faces of their youth still glow with new-found love,
But the picture's faded, and time has stolen youth away
With a spoken word that he thought he heard from her lips,
He felt another presence in the room,
He was filled with fear but filled with joy he arose
And turned to face the image that he knew
She stood before him and her hand reached out for his
A peaceful light shone in her eyes
She said she'd come to soothe him, and someday they'd be as one
She began to fade and her image disappeared,
So he was left alone to face the night,
Never in his life, had he been so held in awe,
As he faced the apparition of his wife
He stood before the window gazing at the grave,
And with a lightened heart he saw the first of dawn,
On a night as I lay sleeping, in a dream I
saw the shore of a distant land where/
Promise lay in wait/ And I heard the
sound of voices of a million hungry
souls/ Now it comes to me to lead them to the gate
But I am just a man, not worthy of this
plan / With a strength that's not my own,
Imust rise
And I...will bear the light, ( and the
vision leads me onward) / That
blind....men have their sight / I'd sail a
thousand seas to make it so
To the Kings I gave the mission, in the
hope that they would share / In the joy
of setting countless captives free / But
the lust for Gold and power, is luring us
away / From a calling that began in purity
And 'm still just a man, not worthy of
this plan / With a strength that's not my
own, I must rise
Now a tempest rages in my heart, as this
fever furies on / Soon these islands
promise rest and hope, my answers wait
beyond their shore / Dream on...
Hungry eyes are standing on the sand,
they beckon us to bring the tide /
Sovereign hand must hold me now, I plead
with you / Be my soloace and my guide...by
my side
And I...will walk with you / On the
shores of the land ofpromise / That
blind...men see you too / I'd sail a thou-
Underneath the sky of blue, it's a time of choosing
Everybody's holding on, to what they're losing
But it all works out okay, if you give your life away
To the one who's holding fast, it's a promise that will last
You're caught in a crossfire
Of a greater love than man has ever known
Caught in a crossfire
And you've got to choose which way you're gonna go
Caught in a crossfire
In a world of darkness turn to the light
Time's disappearing, all that you're fearing
Dreamers awaken, chances are taken away
There isn't any in-between, there's no escaping
If you step across the line, it's illuminating
And the words are clear and true and they all were meant for you
For you harvest what you sow, so where you gonna go
You're caught in a crossfire
Of a greater love than man has ever known
Caught in a crossfire
And you've got to choose which way you're gonna go
Caught in a crossfire
In a world of darkness turn to the light
There's no pretending, no other ending
All is forgiven, if you are living a new
Everybody faces it, now or later
You can't get around it, 'cause it's human nature
And deep within the hardest heart
There is something there that knows
There's a hunger life can never fill
Till you face the one who rose
You're caught in a crossfire
Of a greater love than man has ever known
Caught in a crossfire
And you've got to choose which way you're gonna go
Caught in a crossfire
In a world of darkness turn to the light
Time's disappearing, all that you're fearing
Dreamers awaken, chances are taken
There's no pretending, no other ending
(Richard Williams/Phil Ehart/Dave Hope)
Can I tell you something
Got to tell you one thing
If you expect the freedom
That you say is yours
Prove that you deserve it
Help us to preserve it
Or being free will just be
Words and nothing more
(J. J. Cale)
Thirty days have September
In a jailhouse I remember
Well, I got caught with too much soul
Bringing it back from Mexico
Bringing it back from Mexico
Spanish lights and pretty faces
Trip you out to where the place is
Load you ub and let you go
Brining it back from Mexico
Bringing it back from Mexico
Across the border is where you'll get her
And when it's good there ain't no better
I think I'll get me some to go
A-brining it back from Mexico
Bringing it back from Mexico
You're a rich man, but a poor man
With your pockets in line with gold
Always in the middle, neither hot or cold
And you think you've found your freedom
But it always slips away
Nothing ever satisfies, you always have to pay
On the borderline, you're standing on the borderline
You're waiting for the place and time and living in between
On the borderline, you're standing on the borderline
It's gotta be your world or mine, so which way will you lean
So much indecision leaves you hanging in the air
You can't remain forever 'cause there's nothing there
With one foot in the ocean and the other on the shore
You'll be goin' nowhere, 'til you step on through the door
Borderline, you're standing on the borderline
You're waiting for the place and time and living in between
On the borderline, you're standing on the borderline
It's gotta be your world or mine, so which way will you lean
Now I know your wheels are spinning, but you never seem to move
I can see right through you, so what you tryin' to prove
And it's not coincidental that you're always on the run
No more second chances now, the day is almost done
On the borderline, you're standing on the borderline
You're waiting for the place and time and living in between
On the borderline, you're standing on the borderline
Well it looks like it might rain but rain ain't what we need
Sunshine and a war machine I'm gettin ready for another stampede
Grease the gears with blood paint it black as night
Ride through the city like a Trojan horse
Convinced what you're doin's all right
Hold on 'till the river goes down the river goes to the sea
Hold on the rive's comin' down on me
The killin' field has come to main street
Scatter guns in the liquor store
Rifled sinkhole graves in concrete it's out of hand
At black fathom 4
Fallen leaves turn grey faces cold and worn
Memories of a better time swept away like a firestorm
Who can get it straight who can think it through
When every time the telephone rings
You think it's someone comin' after you
Your mamma's shootin' Gallery wages
Your daddy don't give a damn no more
Keep these animals breakin' cages violent times
At black fathom 4
Walk into my world where brave can get you dead
You get together and a fight breaks out
Someone didn't understand what you said
Walk into my world anger's in my soul
Quick money give me double trouble
Friends are doing hard times in the hole
Children crying sniper thunder case the alleys and the corridors
Don't look back it ain't no wonder it's open season
Her letters gave me purpose,
Her letters gave me pride
Armies far across the ocean
Guns and letters by our side
It was someone else's homeland
It was someone else's war
But at the line of the 38th parallel
It was her I fought them for
Her victory garden grew from weeds and from stone
I smelled those flowers in my sleep
The day I left as we were standing alone
She swore to me those dreams would keep
And the bells of St. James were ringing
The bells of St. James were ringing down
Lifting the eyes of those homeward bound
I don't remember when those words changed
Like Kansas summer turns to fall
But she quit talking 'bout the future
Never mentioned dreams at all
I don't blame my enemies and I don't blame my wife
For love fires that fleeted long ago
But when she wrote me about this change in her life
There was just one thing I had to know
And the bells of St. James were ringing
The bells of St. James were ringing down
(Kerry Livgren/Steve Walsh)
The mist of time is still concealing
The vision that I seek
Those who died have all borne witness
If only they would speak
Now and then we've all been given
A glimpse of bygone days
I'd give all to see it clearly
Not shrouded in the haze
Yet I saw it all inside me, for a moment
Were you with me?
Have we done it all before, is there really so much more?
Each man has a memory
Much more than the eye can see
Yet still others linger deep inside you
Haunting thoughts of pain and joy divide you
Look beyond your eyes
At the dark and moody skies
For they're standing in your way
And I feel the light of day
Now the earth gives forth its secrets
Held in mountain sea and plain
They have never been forgotten
Only locked inside my brain
While I slept I had a vision, I remember
You were with me
We have done it all before, in our minds behind the door
I still believe in what you say
I still believe that it could work ok
But love is just another game you play
You'll never change your mind
You exist so free and clear
Let no one touch you let no one near
I think you're just someone afraid of fear
Or what you just might find
I can see them all lining up outside your front door
Filthy minds and terrible habits are interesting
(Chorus)
Sure
O but look at me now if I've changed tell me how
O I'd do anything for you
I'm sick of fighting but I need you so
You tell me lies but I can't let go
I want to take you out but you say no
Think you're ashamed of me
You give me headaches o you got your gall
If it weren't for me you wouldn't have nuttin' at all
I fell for you 'caus you were nice and tall
I liked what I could see
I could be the keeper of fortunes if I was inclined
Let me know that you're standing beside me I'll give them a sign
O but
(Chorus)
I could lead an army to victory or win in a race
I could do it if only I knew that you'd save me a place
O but
Angels have fallen, fallen from heaven, where did they go
No one could save them no one forgave them their change to know
When I hear them below I think how it is to be weary
Children are restless they know what can happen when men are vain
Talkin in riddles wont keep them from knowing you've gone insane
They know a few will try to gain by trying to live like their teachers
Save me for now, save me forever
Hold me so close, I can't bear to go
There's darkness around me or is it within me
You're living forever, I'm dying so slow
Inside a window that leads to your conscience you'll see, you'll hear
People are talking maybe you know them, they know you're near
Masking themselves from fear and asking themselves who their friends are
Save me for now, save me forever
Hold me so close, I can't bear to go
There's darkness around me or is it within me
You're living forever, I'm dying so slow
Interlude...
Well you say that you've been here in this life and time
You say its no good here, but you say that so fine
You reach for your winnings, an angelic excuse
Round them you act humble, still you never refuse
You better tell all your people to watch for a sign
Make them glad they are living in this life and time
The angels have fallen, they're all gone away
All the world's forgiving the change is all around
And people everywhere have seen the light in what they've found
It's a happy place in the human race
When all our lives are lived forgiving
All the world's for living when love is what you find
Despair and loneliness you've got to leave them far behind
Tell the clouds to go let the feeling show
It's great when your life is full of living
Everyone's aware
They know to change the world we've got to care
And people all should know should have happened long ago
Or could it be that I just now found out
Life is meant to share
And it means the same thing everywhere
Living everyday, helping people on their way
'Cause sometimes life gives everyone some doubts
Can I have time? Is it right what I feel?
At times I doubt what I normally know is real
But right now I don't know what to do and it's all because of you
I could tell you if I knew that you'd believe
As slight and elusive as life sometimes is
Right or wrong as we both know we all can be
I could never have denied that I need you by my side
'Cause without you life don't seem that much to me
I can see an old man cry, it's his time to die
And life no longer gives him any breaks
He hasn't got a home, no one to call his own
Still he tells no one that it is more than he can take
Till the time is so unkind, an empty future plays in your mind
When the darkness cries out to you
Can you escape it? What can you do?
Oh, what can you do?
All the world's forgetting the hate that filled our hearts
The times of selfish reasoning that keeps us all apart
This world was meant to share, let them know you care
By making someone's life worth living
All the world's believing that this feeling's got to stay
Till all the world is living
Till all the world is giving
You say it's time to stay behind
All I wanted was to hold you
All I wanted was to touch you
No need for blame cause we're not the same
All I wanted was to love you
That's all I wanted
How many times will it take
Hurting me the way you do
How many times till I break
You're hurting me the way I'm loving you the way I do
It's not so strange for us to change
All I wanted was to love you that's all I wanted
How many times will it take
Hurting me the way you do
How many times till I break
You're hurting me the way
(Walsh)
--------
Give me your answer let me know today
I'm searching in wonder you're making me pay
I need you 'cause my life's turning grey
Oh, it's you, Oh I'm blue
You left a message to say you had fled
Couldn't believe that you wrote what I read
I couldn't count all the times I have said
Oh, it's you, Oh I'm blue
Love make my day
Show me the way
Give me your answer let me know today
I'm searching in wonder you're making me pay
I need you 'cause my life's turning grey
Oh, it's you, Oh I'm blue
How many times do I have to tell you
That things just can't go on this way
We've tried so many times but things go on the same
We've spent one too many years in all this pain
And the light is shining in your eyes
And still it makes you wonder
(Chorus)
It's time we face it (are you blind can't you see)
It's time we face it
How long will we go on playin' this fool's game
How long will a candle burn it's flame
We've tried, we've tried so man times, so many ways
When will we ever learn from our mistakes
And the point is either right or wrong
'Cause when I'm weak then I am strong
And the truth will find us all someday
And the price is more than you can pay
It's time we face it (are you blind can't you see)
It's time we face it (can't go on in misery)
It's time we face it (was it really meant to be)
It's time we face it (I don't know)
(Kerry Livgren)
Every day she gets a little weaker
The beauty she once knew has come and gone
We've murdered all her sons and all her daughters
The blood is on your hands, the time has come
And now she's gonna die
We've strangled all her trees and starved her creatures
There's poison in the sea and in the air
But worst of all we've learned to live without her
We've lost the very meaning of our lives
And now she's gonna die
Once she ruled the earth with love and wisdom
But we were much too smart to live her way
With greed and lust we tried to rise above her
The ignorance of man will reach an end
'Cause now we're gonna die
---------------------------------------------------------------
-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Eric Wincentsen "Telephone call for Dr. Paradox..."
267@ef.gc.maricopa.edu -Dread Zeppelin, "Jungle Boogie"
Glendale Community College,
Glendale, Arizona "Hug the world and sit on its face!"
(Kerry Livgren / John Elefante)
All of my life, the wheels were turning
Drawing me near, to something that's burning bright
The music begins, a song that is new
Joining as one, it leads me to you
(Chorus)
Play on, play on, lifting our voices to reach the sky
Play on, play on, singing a song and my heart's on fire
My morning star, has always been with me
Lifting me up, when I couldn't carry on
Turning the page, to each song I write
Leading me on, on through the night
(Chorus)
Living the song
Holding on to a dream that never dies
I open my eyes
Learning the word that never fade
Now it begins
Never to end
It's the prize I long for
Play on, play on, lifting our voices to reach the sky
Play on, play on, sound a refrain to be heard on high
Play on, play on, singing a song and my heart's on fire
The night was cold, was deja-vu
I went on thinking we were too
How my soul cries out for you
To many places we once knew
To many faces, still no clue
How my soul cries out for you
I didn't think I needed you when I got out on my own
Dead set on having my way I was convinced that
I was right and you were wrong
Then I started thinkin' to myself
Well maybe what they say is true
How could we get so turned around when you needed me
As much as I needed you...
I tried to get you on the phone
No one answered, no one answered at home
I heard that you thought we were through
Somethin' I had, somethin' I had to do and
How my soul cries for you
How my soul cries out for you
It cries for love that we once knew
Columbus sailed the ocean blue
To see what he would fine
With visions of another world
They said he'd lost his mind
But when he told them of the land he'd found
A land so rich with gold
To get the treasures on the other side
They left the lad of old to
(Chorus)
Get rich now
Get rich now
Get rich now
Get rich now
Napoleon thought that he could be
The ruler of it all
The things he wanted were so very big
But he was very small
They spread the word throughout the land
That he would soon be king
But his greed and pride got in the way
And he lost everything to
(Chorus)
Oh the president and the generals
Are getting ready for a war
The only thing that they don't know
Is what they're fighting for
They shine their suits of armor
And they tell us to prepare
While they take wealth and freedom
And just leave us standing there
Well you told me that I was just not the one,
And you left me standing out in the cold
It's been a long tiime and I'm so much better now,
That I'm looking back and seeing it all
and for the first time there's no pain in my life
Though it's a long hardroad that I've gone
We had a good thing and it made me a man cause I know
CHORUS
You got me goin', pardon me my feelings are showing
I'm only saying what's on my mind
Well I found you or maybe I found myself
And I think we knew it all of the time
We fit together just like a lock and a key
And we opned up each other's minds
Yeah, I was laughing 'cause there was no room to cry
There waas too much growing to do
We had a good time and it ain't over yet 'cause I know
CHORUS
You came from nowhere and you just jumped in my life
and I know it never will be the same
You made me love you and now I'm home once again
No, I never want to leave you no more
'Cause I'm attached to the better half of myself
And there's nowhere else that I'd rather be
You filled an empty, you fixed a bad broken heart, and I know
CHORUS
Tomb 19 was sacred 1.000 years or more
The Mayan king was restless a curse upon the door
His shrouds of royal fabric his journey to be made
To offer spirits good and evil 14 beads of jade
The jade had ancient power or so beliefs allege
To anyone who plundered they would drive him to the edge
If you take the treasures of Tomb 19
Let the curse remind you
Take the treasures of Tomb 19
But never look behind you
On the walls of limestone temples
Were medallions craved in stone
Describing what was waiting in the Eerie catacombs
Though time leaves them in ruins their silhouettes pervade
To guard the kings and heroes and the 14 beads of jade
If you take the treasures of Tomb 19
Let the curse remind you
Take the treasures of Tomb 19
instrumental
The world began to change the children moved and they had children
It was all arranged you couldn't live there anymore
All you had was that old place in the middle of the path of progress
So they took the space and put the ceiling on the floor
In one of the rooms all the walls were blue
It was hidden so well that no one knew
Just the place for taking in the view
The view of the sea crisp and clear and never ending
There your soul ran free there you spirit soared
The view took you away to the boundaries of imagination
Back to yesterday back to once before
In one of the rooms all the walls were blue
A mysterious space without a clue
Just the place for taking in the view
Long lives need no fortune
Hard lives need no fame
Young lives seek their freedom
And old lives seek the same
The world began to change and without a word of explanation
Something very strange started beckoning to you
When they came to move your things you had packed a suitcase full of memories
Nothing else to bring except a different point of view
In one of the rooms all the walls were blue
A mysterious space without a clue
(Steve Walsh)
Instrumental
(Kerry Livgren/Steve Walsh)
Dark and silent brooding, stillness falls
Sounds caress the waiting empty halls
Pilgrims flock from miles around
Seekers in the night abound
All have come to feel the sound of joy
Patient eyes are watching from below
Mirror image flashing in the glow
Hands are joinned in energy
All approaching ecstacy
Harnessing the power in the air
Awesome in their patient majesty
Pouring forth the fruits of harmony
Hands are joined in energy
All approaching ecstacy
Harnessing the power in the air
Gather round the preacherman gather round here
If you're waiting for the word that'll make it all clear
When you look in the sky you can see what he sees
There's a fire in the Belt of Hercules
Well the man in the collar says come to the fold
Bible in his hand tassle of gold
Says heaven could be locked but he's got a set of keys
They fit the buckle in the belt of Hercules
We all gotta come to the light together
Put your dreams in your pocket boy
We all gotta come to the light together
Follow me
The preacherman's climbing up above a timberline
Bible in his hand praying for a sign
Says "I'm tired of the devil - I'm down on my knees!"
"I'll fight the battle for the belt of Hercules"
We all gotta come to the light together
Put your dreams in your pocket boy
We all gotta come to the light together
Silhouettes debate then they test their fate
Pride is on the line the signs are dangerous
Hands too number to feel wrapped around the wheel
Tonight they face the fact some are never coming back
Silhouettes in Disguise leather hearts lawless eyes
Dancing shadows over rock and under fire
Some will cry "table's turned."
Some will die but none will learn
Silhouettes in Disguise crash and burn.
They pick the time and place then they fall from grace
They're riding on a rail trying to chase the dragon
Engines never cool trade their sins for fuel
That's what they're running on
When they're blown to kingdom come
Silhouettes in Disguise leather hearts lawless eyes
Dancing shadows over rock and under fire
Some will cry "table's turned."
Some will die but none will learn
Silhouettes in Disguise crash and burn.
Silhouettes in danger on the wrong side of the tracks
Eye to eye. Eye to eye.
Rising up in anger. Disguising their attacks
On the edges of the world.
Silhouettes in Disguise leather hearts lawless eyes
Dancing shadows over rock and under fire
Some will cry "table's turned."
Some will die but none will learn
Silhouettes in Disguise crash and burn.
(Steve Walsh / Robby Steinhardt / Richard Williams)
Step outside and feel the tingle
Trouble finds you every night
You wonder where nobody knows you
Your civil tone is not polite
You got no friends, you don't like people
You tried it once and they let you down
And after seven years you're still hurt and angry
And inside your head is an awful sound
(Chorus)
Some say that trouble is my middle name
I find it very easy and I sin out just the same
So stay out of trouble, don't cry
Stay out of trouble, you'll die
You're on the street the clock strikes 11
And it takes that seven years away
Now you're walking with that lovely lady
And just like that you can hear her say
"Well I know for sure you ain't got the money
for an ounce of coke or a Cadillac!"
I said, "It ain't no use in trying to fool me
A big woman like you has got to fight back"
(Chorus)
Inside your head it sounds like thunder
And your room becomes an ugly shell
You get in your car and you start the engine
And you drive with your right foot in hell
Well, someone said, "ain't that funny
Well, I saw that boy just the other night"
Went into this bar and really got rowdy
With his friends and him is an awful fight
(Chorus)
(M. Jordan / B. Gaitsch)
I can feel someone here
In the air tonight
Waiting alone inside for survival
Cruising this place
Like flesh on a neon sign
Brighten up my life tonight
Before the candle flickers
Stand beside me
I will never let you fall
Stand beside me
I'll come whenever you call
I will take it to the wall
I had a life out here
Like a rumble fish
Waiting to drown like all of my rivals
Hiding in rooms so hot
To the human touch
Choose your poison if you can
Take this heart of mine and...
Stand beside me
I will never let you fall
Stand beside me
I'll come whenever you call
I will take it to the wall
(Richard Williams / Steve Walsh)
Have you ever felt like jumping out of a window
on account of your pride
Have you ever felt like you were losing your marbles
Caus someone hurt you deep inside
Well I had a girl so young and so healthy
I lived for her night and day
But all of her friends said since I wasn't wealthy
There'd be no room for a stranger today
I played the game and I spent all my money
I went out and tore up this town
If I had any guts and a little more whiskey
I would burn that woman down
Have you ever felt like scum in the gutter
well that's how I felt that day
Have you ever felt like you were loose in the rudder
there'll be no room for a stranger today
(Kerry Livgren/Steve Walsh/Rich Williams/Dave Hope/Phil Ehart/Robby
Steinhardt)
This foolish game, oh it's still the same
The notes go dancin' off in the air
And don't you believe it's true, the music is all for you
It's really all we've got to share
Cause rockin' and rollin', it's only howlin' at the moon
(Steve Walsh/Phil Ehart/Robert Steinhardt)
I heard the men saying something
The captains tell they pay you well
And they say they need sailing men to
Show the way and leave today
Was it you that said, "How long?"
They say the sea turns so dark that
You know it's time, you see the sign
They say the point demons guard is
An ocean grave for all the brave
Was it you that said, "How long, how long,
How long to the point of know return?"
Your father, he said he needs you
Your mother, she said she loves you
Your brothers, they echo the words
"How far to the point of know return?"
"Well, how long?"
Today I found a message floating
In the sea from you to me
You wrote that when you could see it
You cried with fear, the point was near
Was it you that said, "How long
3:41
There are some who can still remember
All the things that we used to do
But the days of our youth were numbered
And the ones who survive it are few
I can still see the smiley faces
When the times were so good
I'd go back if I could
To the people
Of the south wind
To the people
Of the southern wind
To the people
Of the south wind
To the people
Of the southern wind
Well it's a hard thing to face the music
But it's somethin' everybody's got to do
So I hope that I can always remember
All the crazy times we had to go through
It's a dream that is slowly fading
And I don't want it to go
All of the memories
Are evading
And I
Want you to know
It's the people
Of the south wind
It's the people
Of the southern wind
It's the people
Of the south wind
It's the people
Of the southern wind
Now we've traveled all across the oceans
And we've seen what there is to see
But I guess it's not the proper solution
Cause it's all about the same to me
I look back and it makes me wonder
Why we just couldn't see
All of the battles
We fought and won there
And I wish that I could be
With the people
Of the south wind
With the people
Of the southern wind
It's the people
Of the south wind
You're the people
Of the southern wind
It's the people
Of the south wind
It's the people
Of the southern wind
It's the people
Of the south wind
It's the people
Of the southern wind
It's the people
It's empty now, no friendly face,
and nothing lives within.
I look around and I find no trace
To tell me what has been
So far I've come to find there's no one here, no life & fear
I came for nothing, they have gone
And Nobody's Home.
I came to learn, perhaps to teach
But I can tell somehow
The world that I was sent to reach
Has got no future now
Across the galaxy to spread the word, and no one heard
I came for nothing, I'm alone
And Nobody's Home
A requiem was never sung, no elegy was read
No monument was carved in stone in memory of the dead
For those who made this place do not remain, they feel no pain
(Spiro, Huff)
------------------
This is my beginning
Tomorrow holds my hand
Yesterday is dead and gone
Buried in the sand
The vision stands before me
And now there's nothing else
So close your eyes and realize
The way I see myself
One man, one heart
Standing in the flame
Can you hear my voice tonight
I'm calling out- I'm calling out your name
You've broken my defenses
And opened up my soul
The love I tried to keep inside
I cannot control
So let the wind be silent
The oceans turn to sand
And let your body dream of me
And see me as I am
One man, one heart
Standing in the flame
Can you hear my voice tonight
I'm calling out your name
One man, one heart
Reaching for the light
If I can hold on
(H. Kleinfeld / M. Ehmig
Additional Lyrics by Steve Walsh, Bob Ezrin & Phil Ehart)
Colored banners - color kills
What color is the blood that spills
If we don't see it no one will
Under one big sky
Guns and plowshares - promise land
Ghosts of war stretch out their hand
If we don't hear them no one can
Under one big sky
Under one big sky a voice is crying to be heard
But in a world where love has died
That voice seems so absurd
We are children of the future
- maybe we're just passing through here
All depends on what you do here
Under one big sky
Quest for power; pay the cost
Liberty in tempest tossed
If we don't stop them, we'll be lost
Under one big sky
Under one big sky a voice is crying to be heard
But in a world where love has died
That voice seems so absurd
We are children of the future
- maybe we're just passing through here
All depends on what you do here
Under one big sky
(Instrumental)
(Livgren, Walsh)
--------------------
Well I'm trying to tell you about a thing I thought I saw
It came to me in a dream one night
When a voice began to call
I heard my name being summoned as I looked around to see
A hooded judge and jury
There was no mercy there for me
Well I can't make it, I just can't figure it out
This dream is drivin' me crazy
I gotta know what it's all about
The mark is upon me, and the mark of Cain brings fear
A cold wind's blowin' right down my back
I'm runnin, I'm runnin' from a figure that's dressed in black
I think my legs are made out of lead
Cause I'm runnin' but I'm going nowhere
The bad dream is coming closer and closer
I got a feelin' he'll always be there
Forever is a long time to spend in agony
And the demons of confusion have got a place for me
The mark is upon me, and the mark of Cain brings fear
I was tired, so tired of runnin'
I had to turn and look around
I saw eyes that looked right through me
And a voice that made no sound
My body froze and I stood and stared, unearthly face before me
From the depths of a hooded nightmare, I saw what could not be
Mysteries and mayhem from the pinnacle I see
There's no answer when there's no question
The mark of Cain bears hard on me
Overkill, have you had your fill?
Come to expect it off the wall
Too short or too tall, system rejects it
I've lost the handle, what's it all been for?
Tired of trying, seeing so much more
It's so predictable and everybody judges
By the numbers that you're selling
Just crank 'em out the assembly line
And chart 'em higher
(Higher, higher)
Yeah, just keep it simple, boys
It's gonna be alright
As long as you're inside the mainstream
Are we moving too far away?
(Mainstream)
Is it worth it if it doesn't pay?
(Mainstream)
The centerline is status quo
Gonna stay within the
(Mainstream)
If you stay within the tried and true
(Mainstream)
You'll remain among the chosen few
(Mainstream)
Survive another year
The market is dead
Accounts in the red, media saturation
We're deep in a rut
The artery's is cut, sensory deprivation
Really loved it, didn't earn a cent
No one's buying your experiment
It's so predictable and everybody judges
By the numbers that you're selling
Just crank 'em out the assembly line
And chart 'em higher
(Higher, higher)
Oh just keep it simple, boys
It's gonna be alright
As long as you're inside the
(Mainstream)
Are we moving too far away?
(Mainstream)
Is it worth it if it doesn't pay?
(Mainstream)
The centerline is status quo
Gonna stay inside the
(Mainstream)
For the masses in consumer land
(Mainstream)
Give 'em everything that they demand
(Mainstream)
Survive another year
Yeah corporate mold, packaged and sold
16 to 30, jobbers and racks
They're moving in stacks
Tactics are dirty
We're in business, what else is it for?
Profit motive, welcome to the war
It's so predictable and everybody judges
By the numbers that you're selling
Just crank 'em out the assembly line
And chart 'em higher
(Higher, higher)
Just keep it simple, boys
It's gonna be alright
As long as you're inside the
(Mainstream)
Are we moving too far away?
(Mainstream)
Is it worth it if it doesn't pay?
(Mainstream)
The centerline is status quo
Gonna stay inside the
(Mainstream)
Just be careful not to rearrange
(Mainstream)
Don't let 'em catch you getting strange
(Mainstream)
Survive another year
Mainstream
Mainstream
Mainstream
On a winter's nigt, stars are cold and bright in the sky,
The slumber of the earth is pure and deep
From a distant wood, drifts the echo of a beast
The old man stirs and wakens in the night
He stands before his window gazing at the grave
Forgotten dreams are flashing through his weary mind
And though his life is empty, he pretends that she's still there
With hunger in his soul, he yearns for love and life gone by,
With memories his one and only joy
All he has to give, he would give to bring back the life,
And raise the one who lies beneath the snow
He lights a lamp and looks at pictures of the past
The faces of their youth still glow with new-found love,
But the picture's faded, and time has stolen youth away
With a spoken word that he thought he heard from her lips,
He felt another presence in the room,
He was filled with fear but filled with joy he arose
And turned to face the image that he knew
She stood before him and her hand reached out for his
A peaceful light shone in her eyes
She said she'd come to soothe him, and someday they'd be as one
She began to fade and her image disappeared,
So he was left alone to face the night,
Never in his life, had he been so held in awe,
As he faced the apparition of his wife
He stood before the window gazing at the grave,
And with a lightened heart he saw the first of dawn,
Can you see me, know my position
how quick is your eye?
I have no home, no reason to roam yet I
travel the length of the sky
I stretch my fingers jagged icy white
'till my energy's all around
My clutch is swift, my force is fearful
I convey it without a sound
I live to free the skies from everyone
watch me run - watch me
The north wind rises, old man's eyes wondering
deeply as he locks his door
He knows the fear when I'm too near him, he's seen me angry before
The black intruding clouds approach as I release a desructive blow
All the crashing, all the flashing light brings terror upon my foe
I fight with force and power for my land
I command the lightning's hand!
Run for cover - Oh your life is in vain if you try to escape me
Don't look back - Oh your wealthy world cannot save you
'Cause I'm gonna break you.
I hear them moan, I hear them weep
Because they feel I belong to the devil
They feel the pain, and will again
'till they stop reaching up for this level
No one will defeat me, no one can
(Kerry Livgren/Steve Walsh)
Two began together, lived as one
Each one to the other had become
More than a friend, living to meet a common end
They were true, each one knew all is well
Still the elder knew it could not last
Hidden memories from the young one's past
Drew them apart
Both knew that deep within his heart they must part
Each their own seperate way
It puzzles me how we can be so close and yet worlds apart
Can it be, my memory has torn my life in two
>From the very start
I screamed for the devil to let me be
I called to the heavens to set me free
Today I prayed for the answer and not one
Of the gods in the sky would rescue me
Dreams of fortune fill the young one's mind
Learn the worldy ways of hope to find
Love on the way, searching to find the light of day
In his soul he had found his own way
But to each other they soon will return
Destiny fulfilled, their words will burn an eternal flame
Run a silent path to nowhere, everything is all
You could have a pleasant life if Summer had no Fall
Treat yourself so gently though the task is often hard
Man is not a God it seems, who holds the final card
Close your eyes and feel the darkness, speak and hear the sound,
We only catch a glimpse of all the life that is around,
The man is not alive who knows the value of his soul,
And when our lives are pulled away, there's more to fill the hole
I wonder what you'd think if all the changes didn't come,
For growing old is only going back to where you're from
Far beyond our senseless thoughts there lies a core of gold
Where essence of the newborn child is waiting in the old,
The Master Plan is well conceived, it's there for all to see
And each day that is spent in thought is living harmony
Reach into the depths of being, pass beyond the years,
Time is lost in stillness, where there are no hopes and fears,
Linger in the void, and like a beacon in the night
Purity will fill your soul with ever-present light
For everything you've seek is waiting patiently within
And growing old is only going back to where you've been
(Kerry Livgren)
It began in the underground, with visions of light and sound
The music revealing the deepest passion
Around us a river raged, still I knew that the scene was staged
Awaiting the consequence, I don't believe in accidents
(Chorus)
It's all too real, all these things we feel
As the years go by, things intensify
And I know, for each life there is a reason
And I know, for each time there is a season
Now the bridge leads on, to a brighter dawn
It's waiting for me
We were tied by a bond of fate, in our hearts we could feel the weight
Carried along by the winds of fortune
The outcome was never known, and our purpose was never shown.
'Til everything fell in place, the words on the wall we could not erase
(Chorus)
Each piece is arranged, the puzzle's complete
Victory's taste is so bittersweet
No regrets for the time that was lost
For it all comes out in the end
And the prize is worth all the tears that it cost
For the stairway you ascend
Drawing us near
It's where we belong
The world has a lot to give, but it's worthless if you don't live
And life only comes from the one who made it
When I look back and see the plan, when I retrace the race we ran
The course was so clear and true, each bridge that we crossed led me straight to you
(Chorus)
Early in the morning sunlight
Soaring on the wings of dawn
Here I'll live and die with my wings in the sky
And I won't come down no more
Higher than a bird I'm flying
Crimson skies of ice and fire
Borne on wings of steel I have so much to feel
And I won't come down no more
Sail on, sail on, I will rise each day to meet the dawn
So high, so high
I've climbed the mountains of the sky
Without my wings you know I'd surely die
I found my freedom flyin' high
I've climbed the mountains of the sky
Floating on a cloud of amber
Searching for the rainbow's end
Earth so far below me,
I'm here alone, free
I can't come down no more
There's a hole in the wall
With a light shining in
And it's letting me know to get up
It's time to begin
Oh there is nothing to lose
'Cause it's already lost
In a runaway world
Of confusion
I'm not gonna take it
(Chorus)
That's why I fight fire with fire
Oh I'm burning inside and my heart is a-cryin'
Fire with fire
I don't want to lose this flamin' desire
Standing alone
In a crowded room
I can feel a chill in the air
I'm shakin' oh oh
I'm miles away
I want to cry out loud
I want to fight till the end
I won't let 'em take me alive
(Chorus)
And you know I'll fight fire with fire
Oh I'm burning inside and my heart is a-cryin'
Fire with fire
It's a strange aberration, this brainstorm of youth
Though it's lost in translation from fancy to truth
It's hopelessly human, both inside and out
A joyous occasion, there's no reason to doubt
It's easy somehow, what once was elusive
Is calling me now
I am waiting, I am patiently
Doing nothing, in a reverie
Climbing higher, seeing everything
Interacting, slowly spiralling
I am giving, while I'm watching the
Life I'm living, precious energy
Escalating, what was once just a game,
It's never the same, no one's to blame
It's a strange situation, there's no cause for alarm
All these hot licks and rhetoric, surely do you no harm
They're hopelessly human, both inside and out
A joyous occasion, there's no reason to doubt
When each word is read, would you know the difference
If nothing was said?
All is rythm, all is unity
I am laughing, as it's meant to be
Just amusing, I am using the
Word was given, making harmony
Moving slowly, dancing aimlessly
Endless circle, turning fearlessly
Resurrected, falling down again
Introspective, I'm just stating my view
Now you can choose, what do you feel,
Is it for real this time?
The flower dies the camera never lies fire baptizes
The truth is light right or wrong is never black or white
We all wear disguises
If a picture could talk we would all look away
There'd be too many voices
Rain come on and wash away this hot city skin
Pictures and memories and hope once again
So many times I see you in my mind when I'm not trying to
I see a trellis gate and I run like a child who's late
Whose friends are waiting for him
Well I never stopped to realize what was passing me by
But love has a texture
Catch a glimpse a reflection
Of what would should or could have been
Pictures and memories and hope once again
I wonder if we know the future is now
(Kerry Livgren)
When the light dies down and you blood runs cold
Then you know what you fear most is growing old
The clock winds down and the bells will toll
For the dawn that follows may require your soul
(Chorus)
Through the narrows there are few who pass
Only the chosen enter in
Seek your calling while it may be found
For the sand in the hourglass is falling
We hang in the balance one by one
Turn from you ways the voice is calling
And fear the end of the age
Now the evil deed never goes unseen
And the wisdom of your wise men is unclean
For the pride of life and the lust for gain
Is a sickness of the heart, the Mark of Cain
(Chorus)
Sword and shield, the right hand of power's
Protecting us, directing us
He'll reveal the glory that's only His own
With a fire in the sky
When the mountains fall and the heavens roar
Then the reign of man will end forevermore
And the fools who believed in their empty ways
Will be witness to a world that's set ablaze
I close my eyes
Only for a moment and the moment's gone
All my dreams
Pass before my eyes with curiosity
Dust in the wind
All they are is dust in the wind
Same old song
Just a drop of water in an endless sea
All we do
Crumbles to the ground, though we refuse to see
(Aa aa aa)
Dust in the wind
All we are is dust in the wind
Oh, ho, ho
Now don't hang on
Nothin' last forever but the earth and sky
It slips away
And all your money won't another minute buy
Dust in the wind
All we are is dust in the wind
(All we are is dust in the wind)
Dust in the wind
(Everything is dust in the wind)
Everything is dust in the wind
(In the wind)
(Ooo)
(Ooo)
(Steve Walsh)
It's no funny hanging around winter seems so numbing
Getting fat where I sit down do you suppose it's old age coming
I get this feeling I'm no good for nothing life has led me wrong
Once in a while it makes it all worthwhile if I can sing this song
Got to rock on I can't be this way
I'm hanging around but wait till music's in season
That's when I'm high that is how I play
and I do it the best that's all I need for a reason
Can't think straight can't think at all staring out the window
Hear the band I hear them call everything will disappear and
I get the feeling I can conquer anything gets in my way
Don't need no doctor 'caus I know exactly what I need today I
Got to rock on I can't be this way
I'm hanging around but wait till music's in season
That's when I'm high that is how I play
and I do it the best that's all I need for a reason
The sun beats down upon me and it looks as tough that spring
Has waited long enough to get here she knows that I must
Sing about her future oh sing about her past I love to play my music
And I try to make it last but sometimes summer comes too fast
I got to rock on I can't be this way (cont.)
Why can't you see where we are going
Why can't you see where we have been
You tell me the pain is still growing you tell me tell me who'll win
I feel for you you know what I'm saying
But I've got to do what's right in my head
I've got to ride ride rocket ride
Carry me quick to the one's who've cried
I'm a saint I'm a sinner but you decide
In desperate times
Sled sled rocket sled
Carry me quick to the one's who've bled
I'm a saint I'm a sinn er and these are desperate times
I would give my soul to carry your burden
I would give my soul cause I know you still grieve
Where will we go to hide from their blindness
Where will we go if we don't both believe
Bad blood rains down we've got to take cover
Cold grey morning without sunlight ghostly mist on the horizon
Empty visions of a world gone mad paints a picture so revealing
Through my window dark tomorrow I can hear the sirens wailing
For the future we are holding on as the ship of fools is sailing
Such a long time such a long time
We are waiting for a peace that's lasting
Reaching upward sliding downward looks like just another
Cold grey morning
Hardly breathing hope is fading it's the end of the beginning
(Walsh / Williams / Livgren / Ehart / Hope)
Who sees you when you're sleeping
who knows the thoughts you're keeping
You're reaching out your hand 'cause someone's calling
Don't open your eyes too soon 'cause it might be me
The darkened sidestreets that you've taken
faces all around say you're forsaken
You see yourself and someone else behind you
Don't open your eyes too soon it might not be me
(Chorus)
Haunted by my broken dreams
haunted by my empty screams
Creeping cautions 'round the corner
climbing slowly out the window
Running fast but getting nowhere
Don't know if I'll ever make it back alive
(Chorus)
(Kerry Livgren)
From the mountains to the sun, life has only just begun
We wed this land and pledge our souls to meet its end,
Life has only just begun
Here my people roam the earth, in the kingdom of our birth
Where the dust of all our horses hides the sun
We are mighty on the earth, on the earth
You have come to move me, take me from my ancient home,
Land of my fathers I can't leave you now
We will share it with you, no man owns this earth we're on
Now the wheels are rolling, hear the howling winds of war
It's my destiny to fight and die
Is there no solution, can we find no other way, Lord let me stay
Under the endless sky and the earth below
Here I was born to live and I will never go, oh no
But we cannot endure like the earth and the mountains
Life is not ours to keep, for a new sun is rising
Soon these days shall pass away, for our freedom we must pay
All our words and deeds are carried on the wind,
In the ground our bodies lay, here we lay
Some of you may know me
and many of you won't
I am just a player
in the band
Some of you will listen
and some of you will hear
Some of you may laugh at me
and some of you will cheer
'Cause all of us
we are an audience
Looking for evidence
to help it all make sense
(chorus)
Have we left the answers far behind?
Are we running from the light?
And our legs are growing weaker
chasing shadows in the night
Tell me have you noticed
the tide is rolling in
The waves are crashing harder now
the shore is wearing thin
The message in the bottle
has been lost at sea
But the words live on forever
it's meant to be
(chorus)
(instrumental)
Once carried through the current, and being swept away
The king is in his closet, he's hiding from today
And though he owns all fortunes, this room is where he'll stay
And his world is filled with darkness, turning grey
Gazing out the window of the forty-second floor
He is separate from all others, no one knocks upon his door
And it might as well be raining, 'cause the sunlight hurts his eyes
And his ears will never hear the children's cries
Once proud and full of passion, he fought the cause of man
Many people loved his courage, many followed his command
He changed the old into the new, and the course of things to come
And then one day they noticed he was gone.
At first it didn't matter, nobody seemed to care
They all became too busy to find him anywhere
But no one knew not even him, the problems he would find
On the day he journeyed deep into his mind
I close my eyes, I go far away
Away from this battlefield
In my dreams, well
Here I will enjoy it
Where innocence plays with all
The laughing children,
The kind who are crying right now.
A taste of freedom from the pain
Of everything here I see
Life is sweet but I took it all for granted
And now I don't know if I could even tell you
Just what we permit, we allow
Allow me to forget the life I've made my own,
I've held this nation in my hand, and yet it's not my home
Oh, allow me just one answer, and one reason why
Why this refugee of the family of man must die
Tell me why
Daydreams filled his nighttimes, and night-dreams filled his days
Confusion and uncertainty, a puzzled mind of haze
You thought he was so powerful, and set upon his ways
Well he left us all to follow through this maze
[written lyrics are "travel though this maze"]
I heard the king was dying, I heard the king was dead,
And with him died the chronicles that no one ever read.
The closet's fully empty now, it's occupied by none,
(Livgren)
------------------
Sweet child of innocence
Living in the present tense
Father Time will take his toll
Rack your body and steal your soul
What became of all the years
Are you drowning in your tears
Who will catch you when you fall
Who will hear you when you call
Chorus-
I will comfort you, take your hand and see you through
I will take you through the door
Who do you think you are
Try to live forever and you won't get far
I wait behind your door
Makes no difference if you're rich or poor
Though you're weary and afraid
Still you try to flee my blade
Come and walk in my new land
If you'll only take my hand
In the image of those who have walked before me here
I am cast in the web of an ancient spell
I am holding on to life, I'm drifting in the stream
Everything's much clearer now
We live within a dream and never wake
Judge not by what you see
More than you can count are here with me
Give up your foolish pride
All that walk the earth have died!
Carry on my wayward son
There'll be peace when you are done
Lay your weary head to rest
Don't you cry no more
Once I rose above the noise and confusion
Just to get a glimpse beyond this illusion
I was soaring ever higher
But I flew too high
Though my eyes could see I still was a blind man
Though my mind could think I still was a mad man
I hear the voices when I'm dreaming
I can hear them say
Carry on my wayward son
There'll be peace when you are done
Lay your weary head to rest
Don't you cry no more
Masquerading as a man with a reason
My charade is the event of the season
And if I claim to be a wise man
It surely means that I don't know
On a stormy sea of moving emotion
Tossed about I'm like ship in the ocean
I set a course for winds of fortune
But I hear the voices say
Carry on my wayward son
There'll be peace when you are done
Lay your weary head to rest
Don't you cry no more
Carry on
You will always remember
Carry on
Nothing equals the splendor
Now your life's no empty
Surely Heaven waits for you
Carry on my wayward son
There'll be peace when you are done
Lay your weary head to rest
Don't you cry no more
1.000 years could come and go but we would never change
It doesn't matter how we try our hearts remain the same
You see how quickly distance grows close your eyes and it appears
And we've pretended long enough no more time no more tears
I just can't cry I can't cry anymore
While you throw our lives away
I just can't cry I can't cry anymore
While you throw our lives away Throw them away
Something happened long ago and we grew apart
We turned our heads the other way and so we turned our hearts
But girl I'm not blaming you and I'm not blaming me
It's just the way the story goes we grew up but separately
I just can't cry I can't cry anymore
While you throw our lives away
I just can't cry I can't cry anymore
(Steve Walsh)
As I look out in the night
and count the stars all shining bright
I wonder where I am and where I'm going
Sometimes I think I've lived before
I seem to see beyond a door
But it's just a crazy notion I leave showing
I live my life as sensitive as possible then one day
Maybe I'll wake up young again
with feelings of a new day
But what we feel I know we'll, miss
and someday I'll look back at this
And know by then the life that we were meant for... but are you leaving
Leaving my back door
You want the world to give you some
you fight a war that's never won and you
Come back scarred 'caus you've seen who's really dying
You reach a point where nothing lasts
you play a part that someone casts you into
Now their machines keep right on lying
I want the world to be a place where no one comes to suffer
Just give the pain an empty place
away from one another
Let's seal our words with a kiss
'cause someday we'll look back at this
We'll know by then the life that we were meant for... but are you leaving
Leaving by my back door
(Kerry Livgren)
Oh, I cannot tell you to make up your mind
And gather together the best of your kind
The prophets have spoken the words of ill fate
YOur childhood has ended you've taken the bait
YOu've got the power it's there deep inside
Just look around and you'll know what you've tried
So much relies on the course that you take
The fool and the wise man both burn at the stake-ah
Look at the heads buried deep in the sand
Hiding from evil made by their own hand
The prophets have spoken the words of ill fate
Your childhood has eneded you've taken the bait
You've got the power it's there deep iniside
JUst look around and you'll know what you've tried
So much relies on the course that you take
The fool and the wise man both burn at the stake-ah
Andi won't dance
Andi won't sing
Andi won't play
She sits in her room, hiding away, hiding away
She hasn't a friend
They think she's a boy, they leave her alone
But what they don't know
Andi has dreams, all of her own
Yea, she wants to be a lady
Can anyone see?
That's she's trapped inside a little boy's body
She's waiting
For the dream of her life
To be a lady
That's all she wants to be
(Chorus)
Andi you're not just anyone
Don't be ashamed
Open the door, don't hide away
Your dreams will awaken
Andi you're not just anyone
Don't take the blame
Though you're scared and all alone
You'll be there someday
Oh Andi, you're old enough to know
Don't ask me why
The leaves they fall down from the trees
But in the spring, they come again
Yes, they come again
Oh Andi, don't be afraid
Oh Andi
Andi can you hear me?
Will you come out on your own?
Oh the voice in the distance
Saying don't be afraid, Andi
I will make you somebody
I will make you a lady
The dream of your life
A lady, is what you will be
Carry on my wayward son
There'll be peace when you are done
Lay your weary head to rest
Don't you cry no more
Once I rose above the noise and confusion
Just to get a glimpse beyond this illusion
I was soaring ever higher
But I flew too high
Though my eyes could see I still was a blind man
Though my mind could think I still was a mad man
I hear the voices when I'm dreaming
I can hear them say
Carry on my wayward son
There'll be peace when you are done
Lay your weary head to rest
Don't you cry no more
Masquerading as a man with a reason
My charade is the event of the season
And if I claim to be a wise man but
It surely means that I don't know
On a stormy sea of moving emotion
Tossed about I'm like a ship on the ocean
I set a course for winds of fortune
But I hear the voices say
Carry on my wayward son
There'll be peace when you are done
Lay your weary head to rest
Don't you cry no more, no
Carry on, you will always remember
Carry on, nothing equals the splendor
Now your life's no longer empty
Surely heaven waits for you
Carry on my wayward son
There'll be peace when you are done
Lay your weary head to rest
Don't you cry
Windows, to the world are what we're looking through
Who knows, if what we find is true
Seeing, is believing as some people say
Knowing, is to get a better view
For the windows of the world
Are never open all the way
And the voices of the past are not forgotten
Till you leave it all behind you
You will never see the day
'Cause your life is on the line
Tasting, of the wine of some forbidden fruit
Reaping, the sorrows that we sow
Reaching, to the stars will never bring us home
Teaching, what we really could not know
For the windows of the world
Are never open all the way
And the voices of the past are not forgotten
Till you leave it all behind you
You will never see the day
'Cause your life is on the line
Touching, we are moving to the things we feel
Trying, to be what we could never be
Turning, if we'd only open up our hearts
Yearning, for the things we cannot see
And the windows of the world
Are never open all the way
And the voices of the past are not forgotten
Till you leave it all behind you
You will never see the day
'Cause your life is on the line
Ah, look at all the lonely people
Ah, look at all the lonely people
Eleanor Rigby picks up the rice in the church
Where a wedding has been, lives in a dream
Waits at the window, wearing the face
That she keeps in a jar by the door, who is it for?
All the lonely people
Where do they all come from ?
All the lonely people
Where do they all belong ?
Father McKenzie writing the words of a sermon that no one will hear
No one comes near, look at him working
Darning his socks in the night when there's nobody there
What does he care?
All the lonely people
Where do they all come from?
All the lonely people
Where do they all belong?
Ah, look at all the lonely people
Ah, look at all the lonely people
Eleanor Rigby died in the church
And was buried along with her name, nobody came
Father McKenzie wiping the dirt from his hands
As he walks from the grave, no one was saved
All the lonely people
Where do they all come from?
All the lonely people
You can take away the money
Take away the flame
Take away the things that I possess
You can take all my dreams away
The things that I need to survive
You can have it all
(Chorus)
Don't ever, don't ever take your love away
Don't ever, don't ever take your love away
Don't ever, don't ever take your love away
Don't, take your love away
Don't
The years are passing by me
Like a fast train that's here and gone
It's gone
Where they go, I just don't know
But I don't care
'Cause there's something 'round the bend
And it's waiting there for me
So don't ever take it away
'Cause nothing means a thing unless you're here
To live without your love's my only fear
I just want to let you know
I can't make it on my own
(Chorus)
Never before have I needed something so bad
I never thought I'd be willing to give up so much
The way that I feel when I look in your eyes, I want you
So don't take away what I need more than anything else
From the mountains to the sun
Life has only just begun
We wed this land and pledged
Our souls to meet it's end
Life has only just begun
Here my people roam the earth
In the kingdom of our birth
Where the dust of all our horses hides the sun
We are mighty on the earth, on the earth
You have come to move me
Take me from my ancient home
Land of my fathers I can't leave you now
We will share it with you
No man owns this earth we're on
Now the wheels are rolling
Hear the howling winds of war
It's my destiny to fight and die
But is there no solution
Can we find no other way, Lord, let me stay
Under the endless sky
And the earth below
Here I was born to live
And I will never go, oh no
But we cannot endure
Like the earth and the mountains
Life is not ours to keep
For a new sun is rising
Soon these days shall pass away
For our freedom we must pay
All our words and deeds are carried on the wind
(Kerry Livgren/Phil Ehart/Rich Williams/Danny Flower/Rob Frazier)
You think that something's happening
ANd it's bigger than your life
But it's only what you're hearing
Will you still remember
When the morning light has come
Wil lthe songs be playing over and over
Till you do it all over again
CHORUS
Play, play the game tonight
Can you tell me if it's wrong or right
Is it worth the time, is it worth the price
Do you see yourself in the white spotlight
Then play the game tonight
And when the curtains open
To the roaring of the crowd
You will feel it all around you
Then it finally happens
And it's all come true for you
ANd the songs are playing over and over
Till they do it all over again
Your credit is good if you're a member
Just a token to help the people remember
All we've done for you, nobody buys and nobody sells
Nobody speaks 'til the chairman tells you
We're gonna be your religion, throw those others away
Fair exchange for your freedom
Fair exchange for your life
Hail the new perfect order
Ending trouble and strife
No one can refuse our offer, it's a fair exchange
You're on file, our computer, knows what's best for you
We will provide the solution, for the rest of you
Safety and peace, the terror will cease
Forget everything the fanatics tell you
Now you can worship the leader, all he wants, is your soul
Fair exchange for your freedom
Fair exchange for your life
Hail the new perfect order
Ending trouble and strife
No one can refuse our offer, it's a fair exchange
We're under control, never worry, always watching you
Now you're a part of the program, we'll be using you
What do you want? We know what you need
Get out of line, we eliminate you
All for the good of the people, better one man should die
Fair exchange for your freedom
Fair exchange for your life
Hail the new perfect order
Ending trouble and strife
(Kerry Livgren)
The stage is set, the race is on
To drink the cup 'til every drop is gone
And when you make it to the top
The hunger doesn't stop
You climb the ladder to success
The way the world defines it more or less
You find the grass is greener still
On someone else's hill
(Chorus)
Diamonds and pearls
Silver and gold
Soon fade away
Empty and cold
Nothing remains of the things that we strive to attain
Only the love that is lasting will not be in vain
They say that pride's before the fall
The stakes are high, you know who takes it all
To make it through the needle's eye
You just can't live a lie
(Chorus)
(Instrumental)
(Chorus)
I'm in a kind of foolish game, I try to get rich quick,
But I'm going insane,
The kind of freaks that hang out on 42nd Street
They're all pimpin' Judys and poppin' speed, well
It's a game of cat and mouse, and I think it's got my soul,
I think it's time for thinkin' 'bout a time to roll on
Down the road
Here comes Big Mike, I kinda owe him some beans,
He must be crazy, I guess that's why he's so mean,
If I tell him I'm leavin', he would sure enough split my gut,
Cause he knows I sold to a sucker, and I owe Big Mike a cut,
But I'll slip him a 20-dollar bill till I get out of town,
When I hit those white lines, I'm gonna be gone like a
Three pretenders forced their entry
There wasn't time to defend or attack
Somewhere inside I held their fury
But one by one my defenses began to crack
The first became a voice from my childhood
Without a world to call his own
Asking questions but doubting the answers
And too confused to stand up and face it alone
I can feel my body tremble
Like an animal under the gun
Can you feel your body tremble
Look in and see the eyes of Three Pretenders
The second came a shadowy hustler
Selling anything not nailed to the groud
He put a price on my resistance
And if it's high, I know he'll be marking it down
The third became a mysterious traveller
Stormy words like sea-weathered sails
His life was scarred with peaks and valleys
A haunted kingdom crumbling against the gales
I can feel my body tremble
Like a child afraid of the dark
Can you feel your body tremble
Look in and see the eyes of Three Pretenders
Silhouettes debate then they test their fate
Pride is on the line the signs are dangerous
Hands too number to feel wrapped around the wheel
Tonight they face the fact some are never coming back
Silhouettes in Disguise leather hearts lawless eyes
Dancing shadows over rock and under fire
Some will cry "table's turned."
Some will die but none will learn
Silhouettes in Disguise crash and burn.
They pick the time and place then they fall from grace
They're riding on a rail trying to chase the dragon
Engines never cool trade their sins for fuel
That's what they're running on
When they're blown to kingdom come
Silhouettes in Disguise leather hearts lawless eyes
Dancing shadows over rock and under fire
Some will cry "table's turned."
Some will die but none will learn
Silhouettes in Disguise crash and burn.
Silhouettes in danger on the wrong side of the tracks
Eye to eye. Eye to eye.
Rising up in anger. Disguising their attacks
On the edges of the world.
Silhouettes in Disguise leather hearts lawless eyes
Dancing shadows over rock and under fire
Some will cry "table's turned."
Some will die but none will learn
I'm on fire, burning with the question in my mind
Strange desire, seems there's nothing else for me to find.
'Cause I've been here, and I've been there,
Seems like I've been everywhere before
I've seen it all a hundred times,
Still I think there surely must be more.
I've been livin', I had to take my time and change my style
Now I wonder is something gonna make it all worthwhile
I know there's more than meets the eye, I'd like to see it
'fore I die for sure
Something tells me it's all right, only one step closer
To the door
There ain't no feelin', feels the same as findin' out the key.
Now I'm reelin', thinking of the things that I might see
I'm not afraid to face the light, I'm not afraid to think
that I might fall
I was going nowhere fast, I was needing something
4:26
Used to think about what I would grow up to be
Good or bad right or wrong it was no harm to me
Was a time in my life when I wish I'd have known
You can't gamble with fate you might end up alone
Meet me where the feeling is high
Let the sound surround you
Meet me at the top of the sky
Where the colors fly around you
Well I'm lost in a world of dismay
Nothing can take me away
From you
Left you back while I worked very hard to succeed
All the distance I've gone makes it hard to believe
You and I were so close now we're so far apart
Remembered the feeling we shared in our heart
Meet me where the feeling is high
Let the sound surround you
Meet me at the top of the sky
Where the colors fly around you
Well I'm lost in a world of dismay
Nothing can take me away
From you
Again and again you return to haunt me in my dreams
See your eyes how they glisten your hair how it gleams
And I know I will miss you when you have to go
I return to my place until night lets me know
Meet me where the feeling is high
Let the sound surround you
Meet me at the top of the sky
Where the colors fly around you
Well I'm lost in a world of dismay
Nothing can take me away
From you
Away from you
Nothing can take me
Nothing can take me away
From you
Nothing can take me away
Away from you
Nothing can take me away
(Steve Walsh)
Angels have fallen, fallen from heaven, where did they go
No one could save them no one forgave them their chance to know
When I hear them below I think how it is to be weary
Children are restless they know what can happen when men are vain
Talking in riddles won't keep them from knowing you've gone insane
They know a few will try to gain by trying to live like their teachers
(Chorus)
Save me for now, save me forever
Hold me so close, I can't bear to go
There's darkness around me or is it within me
You're living forever, I'm dying so slow
Inside a window that leads to your conscience you'll see, you'll hear
People are talking maybe you know them, they know you're near
Masking themselves from fear and asking themselves who their friends are
(Chorus)
Well you say that you've been here in this life and time
You say it's no good here, but you say that so fine
You reach for your winnings, an angelic excuse
Round them you act humble, still you never refuse
You better tell all your people to watch for a sign
Make them glad they are living in this life and time
The angels have fallen, they've all gone away
It's you that must find them by living each day
When I was very young so many songs were sung
So much wasted time on an uphill climb
But you where always there, a feeling in the air
There was nothing to fear you were so near
Now you are here once again
As I stand in your presence
I can feel the quiet patience of your gaze
Like an old superstition
You are haunting all my dreams and waking days
(Chorus)
All my life I knew you were waiting, revelation anticipating
All is well, the search is over, let the truth be known
Let it be shown (give me a glimpse of home)
There's no resisting you among the chosen few
It's hard to be sure, it's hard to endure
And when I hear your voice
I know I have the choice
To pursue an ideal, something so real
Now I've got nothing to lose
As I see your reflection
All the answers I desire become so clear
Like a page that is turning
I can look into the future without fear
You're in my rock and roll, you're in my very soul
Though it's heavy to bear, it's a feeling so rare
And it's a mystery, the way it's meant to be
Can we ever know, we're moving so slow
There ain't enough time in the world
As I reach up the ladder
There is something ever higher to perceive
Like a fire that is burning
(Livgren, Walsh)
----------------
Well I been drinkin' again
And I know it's a sin
But I just can't refuse an old friend
Cause life is gettin' me down
And I been two times around
And there ain't nothing but pain around the bend
I'm not made for the time
I'm born in the wrong century
There's too much craziness here
In twenty-five years I have used all the tears in my eyes
Now this old world is a fright
You know my future ain't bright
And I'd just crawl in a hole if I could
Or maybe live out in space
Or some other far away place
And not come back to this earth till it's good
Oh but I'm dreaming again
I know that I'm here till the end
There's too much craziness here
In twenty-five years I have used all the tears in my eyes
Well you might think that I'm all wrong
The things I say in this song
I really wish I could see it your way
Cause there's a storm rollin' in
And it just might be the end
So I'm praying we'll all get away
Now my cup is running dry
The weight of the world gets me down
There's too much craziness here
In twenty-five years I have used all the tears in my eyes
There's nowhere to turn
So I'll just have to learn not to cry, no more
It's all I can do till we find something new
But I'll get by you know I'll try
In twenty-five years I have used all the tears in my eyes.
(Walsh)
---------------------------------------
Late every nite when I am all alone
I call my baby on the telephone
If she was here she'd treat me right
And love me love me through this lonely nite
Oh I can remember how her love can be
And I can't forget the way she looks at me
If you got a girl I'm sure she understands
It takes a woman's love to make a man
We're on the road tryin' to sell a song
Been on this road for much too long
All day all night it's drivin' me insane
Cause I don't know when I'll see her face again
But it ain't no easy thing we've got to do
And I love her cause she knows it too
She surely made me understand
It takes a woman's love to make a man
It takes a woman's love to make a man
I give her love cause what else can it be?
I give to her just what she wants from me
She loves me hard, she loves me right
She'll love me love me through this lonely nite
Then happiness we'll surely know
Until again it will be time to go
Oh she loves me like nobody can
I know that women made me understand
It takes a woman's love to make a man
(Livgren)
Early in the morning sunlight
Soaring on the wings of dawn
Here I'll live and die with my wings in the sky
And I won't come down no more
Higher than a bird I'm flying
Crimson skies of ice and fire
Borne on wings of steel I have so much to feel
And I won't come down no more
Sail on, sail on, I will rise each day to meet the dawn
So high, so high
I've climbed the mountains of the sky
Without my wings you know I'd surely die
I found my freedom flyin' high
I've climbed the mountains of the sky
Floating on a cloud of amber
Searching for the rainbow's end
Earth so far below me,
I'm here alone, free
I can't come down no more.
On a crystal morning I can see the dewdrops falling
Down from a gleaming heaven, I can hear the voices call
When you comin' home now, son, the world is not for you
Tell me what's your point of view?
Hey there Mister Madman, what you know that I don't know
Tell me some crazy stories, let me know who runs this show
Glassy-eyed and laughing, he turns and walks away
Tell me what made you that way?
Here I am just waiting for a sign
Asking questions, learning all the time
It's always here, it's always there
It's just love and miracles out of nowhere, out of nowhere
Tell me now dear mother, what's it like to be so old
Children grown and leavin', seems the world is growin' cold
Though your body's ailin' you, your mind is just like new
Tell me where you're goin' to?
It's so simple lying right before your eyes
If you'll only look through this disguise
It's always here, it's always there
It's just love and miracles out of nowhere
It's just love and miracles out of nowhere
Yeah
I sing this song a hundred, maybe a thousand years ago
No one ever listens, I just play and then I go
Off into the sunset like the western heroes do
Tell me what you're gonna do?
Here I am, I'm sure to see a sign
All my life I knew that it was mine
It's always here, it's always there
It's just love and miracles out of nowhere
It's just love and miracles out of nowhere
(A. Armato / D. Morgan / A. Hammond)
If only it was raining out tonight
Reflections on the sidewalks would take me back in time
You told me when I left you standing there
Someday I'd be sorry
Well that day is here
I was wrong, oh so wrong
I should have known
That you were the one
Now I know a love like yours only comes along
Once in a lifetime
Once in your life you'll find
The kind of love that never ends
The kind I want back again
You were trying
I could see it in your eyes
As I held a one way fare
To some false paradise
I was dying to spread my restless wings
Now just to see your face again
I'd do anything
I was wrong, oh so wrong
A dreamer in a small town can survive
Now I know it's love like yours
That keep these dreams alive
Once in a lifetime
Once in your life you'll find
The kind of love that never ends
The kind I want back again
So let the rain fall down
Take me back oh take me back
Don't let me down
Let the rain fall down
It's such a lonely sound
Don't let me down
Once in a lifetime
Once in your life you'll find
The kind of love that never ends
The kind I want back again
(David Ragsdale / Steve Walsh / Phil Ehart)
Freak of nature fact or fright
Puts up with pain puts up with spite
Scarred up shoes have lost their sheen
It looks like better days they've seen
Chameleon man naive tycoon
Will eat the poor with silver spoon
He'll jest and jeer through looking glass
But nest right near the upper class
Who'll be the first one pointing at the simple man
Now I know I'm only lucky every freak of nature should know
How to run the whole freakin' show
Freak of nature'd rather be no less a man than you or me
He'd rather look the other way choose to fight another day
I take things for granted turn the tables 'round
What if I was down
To much goin' on runnin' out of time
And I don't understand it
Centuries of backward ways, have many left behind us
Who can count the good men gone away
The fruits of all our labors have left us as we started
We've come too far to end it in a day
It seems that everything we do is wrong
A one way trip to nowhere all along
Just look around and tell me what you see
Another stupid page of history
(Chorus)
No one together, No one is touching ground
Look to each other, Chaos is all around
Same situation, Nothing is really new
No one together, No one is me and you
Lo the horn of plenty is bursting at the seam
The harvest of the world will be our prize
We claim to know the secrets, the answers have been found
But how can one fool make another wise
'Cause nothing's better than it used to be
To live and die is still a mystery
We take away and we give nothing back
We just consume it all and still we lack
(Chorus)
Each day passed by so quickly now
You can feel it drawing much closer now
The signs are in the faces of the people in the street
The signs are in the sound I hear
The voices filled with hate and fear
You can feel it drawing near you now
The multitudes are searching, and wandering in vain
For what they seek cannot be found in men
The truth that lies before us now is plain for all to see
To grow without is not to grow within
For in the promise is a victory
To see the way that everything should be
To feel the joy that we were meant to know
We should have realized so long ago
We're all together, Harmony will abound'
Look at each other, All that was lost is found
New situation if our direction's true
See the words appear on the wall
There for every man who's standing tall
This water's pure, the well is so deep
The only treasure that a man can keep
Miles to go, and I feel the weight
Of these chains that I create
As I climb to the top of the hill
It draws me still
And I can't look back
(Chorus)
The heart keeps on burning
Oh, wheels, wheels, don't slow down
My soul keeps on yearning
Oh, wheels, wheels, roll me homeward bound
I'm looking through the eyes of a child
Like the innocent and unbeguiled
From the east, and far to the west
Soldiers conquer in a royal quest
One by one, as the seasons change
I press on in a world so strange
As I climb to the top of the hill
It draws me still
And I won't look back
(Chorus)
We are marching in time
To the reason and rhyme
As the glory of youth starts to fade
There's no burden to bear
For a debt that is already paid
"What's on My Mind"
by Kansas
Well you told me
That I was just not the one
And you left me standing out in the cold.
It's been a long time
And I'm so much better now
That I'm looking back and seeing it all.
And for the first time,
There's no pain in my life
It's been a long hard road that I've gone
We had a good thing
And it made me a man
And I know you got me going
Pardon me, my feelings are showing
I'm only saying
What's on my mind.
Well I found you
Or maybe I found myself
And I think we knew it all of the time.
We fit together
Just like a lock and a key
And we opened up each other's mind.
Yeah I was laughing
'cause there was no room to cry.
There was too much growing to do.
We had a good time,
And it ain't over yet.
'Cause I know you've got me going
Will you pardon me, my feelings are showing
I'm only saying....
You came from nowhere
And you just jumped in my life.
And I know it never will be the same.
You made me love you.
Now I'm home once again.
No I never want to leave you nomore.
'Cause I'm attached to the better half of myself
And there is nowhere else that I'd rather be.
You feel same thing
You fixed a bad broken heart
Yes I know you've got me going
Pardon me, my feelings are showing
As the dew turns into frost
There is something that I hope will
Not be lost
The leaves will change, they'll start
To fall
I still wonder if it mattered much at
When my world starts to fade
I can only hope that every choice I
Made
Will endure, and carry on ... into the
Coming dawn
The breezes blow, soft clouds drift
Like some artists' canvas captured in
My eye
I am sure, I'm holding fast
I am dying for a lifetime that will last
But when my world, starts to fade
I'm still hoping this foundation that I
Laid
Will endure, and carry on ... into the
Coming dawn
We're so close, yet never touch
Can there be a love that changes me
This much
I can't see, eyes open wide
Yet I'll never doubt you're standing
By my side
When my world, starts to fade
I can only hope that every choice I
Made
Will endure, and carry on ... into the
You don't mind giving in to temptation as long as no one knows
Your midnight invitation where your madness flows
Fires of passion rage all night angels falling out of the light
Control undercover you can paralyze
Every love is one more victim they never realize
All their desires burn like a fever
They want to run but they just can't leave her
Secret Service Secret Service
Do they know how you scream
Secret Service passion - hunger
Do they know how you scream
I should have seen through her disguise she was a masquerade
Cold kiss hungry eyes then she began to fade
Feeling lost I want to be found
Heaven's in hell DON'T LOOK DOWN
Secret Service Secret Service
Do they know how you scream
Secret Service Secret Service
Do they know how you cry, can they see your dreams
Have they heard you sigh
When the sun is in the mid sky, were he wears a golden crown
And he soaks the world with sunshine as he makes another round
It's been a faster yeard than yesterday, all things that I had planned
And when I think I might be gaining, I'm in the sunshine once again
Well I walk the road of life among the strong, among the weak
And I ask them for the shortcut to the answers that I seek
But no one seems to understands what is and what will be
Oh, the questions of my childhood, weave a web of mystery
Just a web of mystery
Can you get me through these changes?
Well, I sure don't know about life, but one thing for sure
All I need is you babe
We got to get the golden key to unlock the door
I don't wanna to face a world of disillusion
I've come to one conclusion that I know you know is true
In the game of silent searching the cost of love is rising
And I'm just now realizing I'd be better off with you
Better off with you
It's a game that I've been living, now I need to know what's real
Can you help me find the answers, can you tell the way I feel?
Will you stay with me forever, just stay with me tonight
And we can talk about tomorrow if it all works out alright
Yes, if it all works out alright
Can you get me through these changes?
Well, I sure don't know about life, but one thing for sure
All I need is you babe
We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense,promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessing of Liberty to ourselves the our Posterity,do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America, for the United States of America.
There's a reason for all that rhymes
It's the fact and the way of the times
It's moving emotion, it's high and it's low
No matter where you go
There is something for all who
Look, there's a story in every book
All of the pages, between all the lines
So much that you can find
But there's too many empty lives my friend
And we just can't let them waste away
For this life is a precious thing my friend
And we just can't wait another day
There's a message in every word
And it's more than the word you heard
Moving emotion, it comes like a sea
Washing all over me
But there's nothing that we can't do my friend
'Cause the spirit is with us all
And it's here and it's now, it's up and it's down
You can feel it surrounding us all
After all it's all the same, only difference is a name
And where we are
In this crazy mixed up deal, there's so many things you feel
Near and far it's where you are
There's times when I can't contain all the feelings of love I'll gain
It's there for the asking, it's for all of you if you would take it too
But there's too many empty lives my friend
And we just can't let them waste away
For this life is a precious thing my friend
Somebody said maybe he's a fool, but excuse me
Somebody said that he found a jewel, and much less love
Somebody said that he knows for sure, but don't confuse me
Who's gonna make what's dirty pure, good as gold
Not man big (not man big), no construction
Not man true, it's a bigger plan than you'll ever do
Not man said (not man said), some production
Not man made, from the east to the west it's a million miles between
Who's got a plan when the plan is made, ain't nobody
Looking for arrangements already made, as good as green
Where is the government to come to aide. Ha, there's too much business
I saw a candle sittin' in the shade, getting old
Not man big (not man big), no construction
Not man true (not man true), it's a bigger plan than the likes of you
Not man said (not man said), some production
Not man made (not man made), from the east to the west it's a million miles between
One look around you can see it clear, there's too much trouble
One look around and there's nothin' near, the cupboard's bare
Talking heads got a million words, but they don't say nothin'
Who's gonna make what's dirty pure, good as gold
I remember when I saw your face
I said out loud, "She's out of place"
She's summer's child and still she feels no freedom
Your hair was long and so was mine
When we were young I felt a kind of magic
Did you feel that for me?
I thought that you would understand
You thought that I was in your hand
Now's the time when I can't stay
Not even you can change the way
I'm a loner
I remember when I saw your eyes
I said out loud, "I realize
That beauty often hides a heart that's hardened"
You tell me now you use them all
They love it best before they fall
Collected like a flower in your garden
I thought that you would understand
You thought that I was in your hand
Now's the time when I can't stay
Not even you can change the way
I'm a loner
I'm a loner
I thought that you would understand
You thought that I was in your hand
Now's the time when I can't stay
Not even you can change the way
The fire's inside me - the bridges burn
Love is the lesson but love never learns
And if it's all up to me, in a matter of time
All theses memories will return
Try to run a little faster - try to reach for the sky
Try to come a little closer; even if I lose, I gotta try
Inside of me, is a man that I knew
Who could rattle these chains - who could shake these cages
Inside of you, is a dream that I see
And the echoes of voices are calling
Inside of me - Inside of me
I've captured the nightmares that burst in your bed
I've run with the horses inside your head
But as I turned to walk away, I never heard you say
"We are hanging by a thread!"
So I skated in circles over cracks in the ice
And I stand in the shadows; now my heart must pay the price
Inside of me, is a man that I knew
Who could rattle these chains - who could shake these cages
Inside of you, is a dream that I see
And the echoes of voices are calling
Early in the morning sunlight
Soaring on the wings of dawn
Here I'll live and die with my wings in the sky
And I won't come down no more
Higher than a bird I'm flying
Crimson skies of ice and fire
Borne on wings of steel I have so much to feel
And I won't come down no more
Sail on, sail on, I will rise each day to meet the dawn
So high, so high
I've climbed the mountains of the sky
Without my wings you know I'd surely die
I found my freedom flyin' high
I've climbed the mountains of the sky
Floating on a cloud of amber
Searching for the rainbow's end
Earth so far below me,
I'm here alone, free
I can fly I really can wave good-bye familiar land
Catch the wind make my climb breathin in born again feelin fine
I can fly above distress I can fly to heaven no less
Leave the earth forget the time light as air I don't care feelin fine
Don't say I'm crazy don't say I'm out of my head
I might be crazy but one thing's for certain one thing's for sure
I can fly above the sea I can fly hey look at me
Without a net leave it behind
Feelin good feelin free feelin so fine
My lofty purchase high above I'm losing sight of you
I'm climbing up just like a kite the calm before the storm
When all at once it dawned on me where I'm not supposed to be
Clouds are black the sky is red I'm where the angles fear to tread
I feel like I've lost my way
Down and down and down I go I've lost all sense of my direction
This flaming spitfire flight has come undone
Grounding stages of rejection I am not worthy to have even tried
Help me annihilate this foolish pride where Icarus died
I say the act of my contrition be sure to bless all before I die
Save my seat in the smoking section cut me loose and say good-bye
I wake up on the doctors table where life and death are up for grabs
I'm comin I'm comin you better shoot me
Kill the pain and count the scabs no no no get out of my black dream
Give me life give me life I'll make a vow
I'll resist temptation I promise here and now
You see it all started when I was younger they said I was good
But I thought they said great
The streets of the city are barren
All the windows and doors have been closed
As the night draws near
You can feel their fear
Their freedom is just an illusion
And they tell us that love is a lie
Can it all be true
What can one man do
See the pages as they turn
Never will the children learn
Born as a prisoner in a curtain of iron
Never will the pages turn
The City of Gold's in the distance
And they've already forgotten their dream
Visions slowly fade
In this land of shade
See the pages as they turn
Never will the children learn
Born as a prisoner in a curtain of iron
Never will the pages turn
As the power grows, darkness spreading
Hope is still alive, though we're dreading
What the future holds, no more need to, fear what all men face
Only good can win the race
Rumors speak of war, all the nations
Turmoil in the streets, tribulations
Now it's plain to see, all the prophecies are taking place
Only good can win the race
There are fragments of truth still remaining
And they bring them the light of the world
To this hope we cling
Till the bells will ring
See the pages as they turn
In their wisdom we will learn
Our bloody history soon will resolve
See the pages as they turn
In their wisdom we will learn
There's tombstone in a snowy field
Close by an old ghost town
The epitaph's been weather-blown away
There's a belltower where petitions peeled
It's been half torn down
But it must have softened every soul that came to pray
There's a schoolhouse full of broken glass
And wounded walls
The rusty swings like derelicts sleeping in the weeds
There's a picture-graduation class
Staring down deserted halls
"THE HOPE OF 44" is what it reads
It's just as if some restless wind blew their dreams away far away
It's just as if those dreams had never been but oh-
I feel their ghosts around me now- I hear them say
Someone calls out my name
They ask me how I've been
So what's it like in the big time?
Will you be my friend
Have you met Mick Jagger?
Ringo, George or Paul?
Do you have my number?
Will you give me a call?
4 o'clock in the morning
I hear the telephone ring
It's the voice of a stranger saying
I like the way you sing
(Chorus)
They all want to know
Do you make a lot of money?
They all want to know
Will you change your name?
They all want to know
What's it like to be a rock star?
Everybody wants to know if they can hang around
Everybody's my friend, hello, hello
Everybody's my friend, hello, hello
Everybody wants to have a little piece of the action
Everybody wants to get into the show
Everybody falls in love with the main attraction
Everybody wants to know if they can hang around
Everybody's my friend, hello, hello
Everybody's my friend, hello, hello
Some people they that I'm changing
They say I'm not the same
But they don't understand me
There's so much more to flame
Who shot him in the back - peacetime
Who took him by surprise - tippy toes
You cant bury that door 3 times
Hide my eyes 4 times
I'm gonna sink my teeth into KANSAS [x8]
I reach a higher plain
When I speak so slow and hardly breath
They're gonna run out of shapes
When they fetch my family
I I must confess I'm gonna see that man again
I'm gonna turn back the clock and set the foot in KANSAS
I'm gonna KANSAS [x8]
I'm gonna shoot him by the clock - peace [time]
I'm gonna shoot him in the legs - peace [time]
You're gonna bury that door - meantime
You're gonna pick him off the floor 3 times
I I I'm a man and I I I'm alive
I I must confess I'm gonna carry that man
I'm gonna shake him by the hand
I'm gonna sleep in foreign lands
I'm gonna turn back the clock
I'm gonna KANSAS in the spring
You know I'm gonna KANSAS [x8]
Sun sets in an ocean of brown farmland haze
Power lines draped across roads you could drive on for days
Well it's all too perfect
Time to look back at us now
Endless and empty like Kansas
Our cities of clouds
Flat on the table like Kansas
I lay down in sheets suddenly worn threadbare
Every wall I lean on transforms to sliding doors and thin air
Well I hope yours is kinder
Let go of this when you find her
Bury this hard
Down underneath your white canvas
Our houses of cards
Flat on the table like Kansas
It's not regret
Just an unexpected accounting of debts
Only now called
No it's not regret
Just remembrance is all
Of how close we had come
The war almost won
But I sent up our flag and moved on
You and I
Lost to the winter like Kansas
And all my goodbyes
If none of this was ever planned that explains why I don't understand
Come on, you must agree that this is strange
Well how can everything just change?
And now, I know that you are going to laugh
But I've just got to take a photograph
Because I've never seen you look this way
And you've not told me yet if I can stay
I don't care where this lands us, I'm sure
But I don't think we're in Kansas anymore
I don't care where this lands us, I'm sure
But I don't think we're in Kansas anymore
Push your fingers deep inside, don't stop until you're satisfied
I can't tell you just how good that feels
Just close your eyes and tap your heels
I don't care where this lands us, I'm sure
But I don't think we're in Kansas anymore
I don't care where this lands us, I'm sure
But I don't think we're in Kansas anymore
I don't care where this lands us, I'm sure
But I don't think we're in Kansas anymore
I don't care where this lands us, I'm sure
But I don't think we're in Kansas anymore
Famous quotes by Kansas:
"Everything is so much quieter here than in Tokyo,"
"Yeah, I like it. I have a good time on the road,"
"At first, I wanted my man Derrick Johnson , ... I could look at it one way: 'Somebody's spot is about to get taken.' Then, thinking like a GM, it was, 'That's another explosive weapon on the outside.' You've seen the highlights of what he can do."
"They have gotten lost and that's part of the pain their families and those of us that were their friends and who played with them carry with us, ... We still live with that. The public doesn't understand. We're still going through that."
"I think your theory is wonderful and possibly some of the majority members will be willing to support it."
"Nobody is going to have pity on you, ... If our guys are looking for pity, they're not going to get it from me. And I'm not going to get it from anybody. We just have to worry about ourselves and do the best we can."
"We came out flat even though we were really hyped up, ... I guess we were shocked at their speed but we did come back to tie it. If we didn't come out and play the way we did it would have been a lot different."
"[LAWRENCE, Kansas (Reuters) -- At the new] Explore Evolution ... cousins in life's family tree."
"There's a lot of history I care about, but right now I just want to move forward,"
"Nothing lasts for ever but the Earth and sky."
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Song for America
- Point of Know Return
- Paradox
- Icarus / Borne on the Wings of Steel
- Portrait (He Knew)
- Carry On Wayward Son
- Journey From Mariabronn
- Dust in the Wind
- Lonely Wind
- Mysteries and Mayhem
- Excerpt From Lamplight Symphony
- The Wall
- Magnum Opus
- Can I Tell You
- Bringing It Back
- Lonely Wind
- Belexes
- Journey From Mariabronn
- The Pilgrimage
- Apercu
- Death of Mother Nature Suite
- Bringing It Back (live)
- Can I Tell You (demo)
- On the Other Side
- People of the South Wind
- Angels Have Fallen
- How My Soul Cries Out for You
- A Glimpse of Home
- Away From You
- Stay Out of Trouble
- Reason to Be
- On the Other Side (live)
- Carry on Wayward Son
- Song for America
- The Wall
- Lonely Street
- Journey From Mariabronn
- Child of Innocence
- Mysteries and Mayhem
- The Pinnacle
- Bringing It Back
- Down the Road
- What's on My Mind
- Death of Mother Nature Suite
- Can I Tell You
- Song for America
- Icarus (Borne on Wings of Steel)
- The Pinnacle
- Carry on Wayward Son
- What's on My Mind
- Miracles Out of Nowhere
- Point of No Return
- Portrait (He Knew)
- Dust in the Wind
- People of the South Wind
- Hold On
- Carry on Wayward Son
- Dust in the Wind
- Play the Game Tonight
- Point of Know Return
- Song for America
- Icarus (Born on Wings of Steel)
- Reason to Be
- Journey From Mariabronn
- Lightning’s Hand
- Play On
- Song for America
- Dust in the Wind
- Eleanor Rigby
- In Your Eyes
- Miracles Out of Nowhere
- Hold On
- The Sky Is Falling
- Cheyenne Autumn
- The Wall
- Need to Know
- Nobody Home
- Can I Tell You
- Journey from Mariabronn
- Song for America
- Lamplight Symphony
- Icarus (Borne on Wings of Steel)
- The Pinnacle
- Child of Innocence
- Carry on Wayward Son
- Cheyenne Anthem
- Miracles Out of Nowhere
- What's on My Mind
- Carry on Wayward Son
- Song for America
- The Wall
- Lonely Street
- Journey From Mariabronn
- Child of Innocence
- Mysteries and Mayhem
- The Pinnacle
- Bringing It Back
- Down the Road
- What's on My Mind
- Death of Mother Nature Suite
- Intro
- Belexes
- Icarus II
- Icarus
- Song for America
- Howlin' at the Moon
- The Wall
- The Preacher
- Journey From Mariabronn
- Dust in the Wind
- Cheyenne Anthem
- Child of Innocence
- Point of Know Return
- Paradox
- The Spider
- Portrait (He Knew)
- Closet Chronicles
- Lightning's Hand
- Dust in the Wind
- Sparks of the Tempest
- Nobody's Home
- Hopelessly Human
- Sparks of the Tempest (live)
- Portrait (He Knew) (remix)
- Miracles Out of Nowhere
- Paradox
- One Big Sky
- T.O. Witcher
- Dust in the Wind
- The Preacher
- Point of Know Return
- House on Fire
- Carry On Wayward Son
- All I Wanted
- The Wall
- Magnum Opus
- It Takes a Woman's Love
- Two Cents Worth
- Icarus - Borne on Wings of Steel
- All the World
- Child of Innocence
- It's You
- Mysteries and Mayhem
- The Pinnacle
- Child of Innocence (Rehearsal)
- It's You (demo)
- Icarus II
- When the World Was Young
- Grand Fun Alley
- The Coming Dawn (Thanatopsis)
- Myriad
- Look at the Time
- Disappearing Skin Tight Blues
- Distant Vision
- Byzantium
- Not Man Bag
- Geodesic Dome
- Carry on Wayward Son
- Point of Know Return
- Fight Fire With Fire
- Dust in the Wind
- Song for America
- Hold On
- No One Together
- Play the Game Tonight
- The Wall
- The Pinnacle
- The Devil Game
- Closet Chronicles
- Eleanor Rigby
- Dust in the Wind
- Preamble
- Song for America
- In Your Eyes
- Miracles Out of Nowhere
- Hold On
- The Sky Is Falling
- Cheyenne Anthem
- Prelude & Introduction
- The Wall
- Need to Know
- Nobody's Home
- Magnum Opus
- One Big Sky
- Paradox
- Point of Know Return
- The Wall
- All I Wanted
- T.O. Witcher
- Dust in the Wind
- Miracles Out of Nowhere
- The Preacher
- House on Fire
- Carry On Wayward Son
- Point of Know Return
- Carry on Wayward Son
- What's on My Mind
- Icarus - Borne on Wings of Steel
- Song for America (live)
- The Wall (live)
- People of the South Wind
- Hold On
- Fight Fire With Fire
- Play the Game Tonight
- Tomb 19
- Stand Beside Me
- Hope Once Again
- Got to Rock On
- Reason to Be
- It Takes a Woman's Love (To Make a Man)
- Lonely Wind
- Dust in the Wind
- Relentless
- Anything for You
- Hold On
- Loner
- Curtain of Iron
- Got to Rock On
- Don't Open Your Eyes
- No One Together
- No Room for a Stranger
- Back Door
- Fight Fire with Fire
- Everybody's My Friend
- Mainstream
- Andi
- Going Through the Motions
- Get Rich
- Don't Take Your Love Away
- End of the Age
- Incident on a Bridge
- Play the Game Tonight
- Right Away
- Fair Exchange
- Chasing Shadows
- Diamonds and Pearls
- Face It
- Windows
- Borderline
- Play On
- Crossfire
- I Can Fly
- Desparate Times
- Hope Once Again
- Black Fathom 4
- Under the Knife
- Need
- Freaks of Nature
- Cold Grey Morning
- Peaceful and Warm
- Can I Tell You (demo)
- Death of Mother Nature Suite
- Journey From Mariabronn
- Song for America
- The Devil Game
- Incomudro / Hymn to the Atman
- Child of Innocence
- Icarus / Borne on the Wings of Steel
- Mysteries and Mayhem
- The Pinnacle
- Introduction
- "Howlin at the Moon" From Magnum Opus
- Paradox
- Point of Know Return
- Song for America
- The Wall
- Hold On
- Dust in the Wind
- Miracles Out of Nowhere
- Mysteries and Mayhem
- Portrait
- Carry On Wayward Son
- Down the Road
- Lonely Street
- Carry On Wayward Son
- Child of Innocence
- Point of Know Return
- People of the South Wind
- Lightning's Hand
- Dust in the Wind
- Song for America
- Portrait (He Knew)
- Down the Road
- Loner
- The Wall (live)
- What's on My Mind
- Relentless
- Away From You
- Fight Fire With Fire
- Play the Game Tonight
- On the Other Side
- Song for America
- Point of Know Return
- Paradox
- Icarus / Borne on Wings of Steel
- Portrait (He Knew)
- Carry On Wayward Son
- Journey From Mariabronn
- Dust in the Wind
- Lonely Wind
- Mysteries and Mayhem
- Excerpt From Lamplight Symphony
- The Wall
- Magnum Opus
- Ghosts
- One Big Sky
- Inside of Me
- One Man, One Heart
- House on Fire
- Once in a Lifetime
- Stand Beside Me
- I Counted on Love
- The Preacher
- Rainmaker
- T.O. Witcher
- Bells of Saint James
- Silhouettes in Disguise
- Power
- All I Wanted
- Secret Service
- We're Not Alone Anymore
- Musicatto
- Taking in the View
- Three Pretenders
- Tomb 19
- Can't Cry Anymore
- Carry on Wayward Son
- Point of Know Return
- Fight Fire With Fire
- Dust in the Wind
- Song for America
- Perfect Lover
- Hold On
- No One Together
- Play the Game Tonight
- The Wall
- Prelude - Wagner's Lohengrin'
- Point of Know Return
- Icarus (Borne on Wings of Steel)
- Paradox
- Hopelessly Human
- Cheyenne Anthem
- Dust in the Wind
- You Think You Got It Made
- Mask of the Great Deceiver
- [intro]
- Lohengrin (Wagner) / Point of Know Return
- Icarus - Borne on Wings of Steel
- Paradox
- Hopelessly Human
- Cheyenne Anthem
- Dust in the Wind
- You Think You Got It Made / The Mask of the Great Deceiver
- Miracles Out of Nowhere (tape flip) / Loner
- Anything for You
- Don't Open Your Eyes
- Got to Rock On / No One Together / Relentless
- Hold on (closing credits, broadcasted prematurely)
- Portrait (He Knew) (cuts in)
- Carry On Wayward Son
- Hold On
- Paradox
- No One Together
- The Wall
- Dust in the Wind
- Carry on Wayward Son
- Point of Know Return
- Fight Fire With Fire
- Play the Game Tonight
- [intro]
- [untitled]
- Musicatto
- Point of Know Return
- Closet Chronicles
- The Wall
- Hold On
- Dust in the Wind
- Cheyenne Anthem
- On the Other Side (part 1)
- On the Other Side (part 2)
- Lonely Street / Dazed and Confused
- Child of Innocence
- Mysteries and Mayhem
- Portrait (He Knew)
- Carry On Wayward Son
- Down the Road
- Belexes
- Lonely Wind
- Two Cents Worth
- Child of Innocence
- Incomudro-Hymn to the Atman
- Cheyenne Anthem
- Angels Have Fallen
- Play the Game Tonight
- Don't Take Your Love Away
- Fight Fire With Fire
- Perfect Lover
- Three Pretenders
- All I Wanted
- Dust in the Wind (live version)
- Bringing It Back
- Death of Mother Nature Suite
- The Pinnacle
- Lamplight Symphony
- Carry on Wayward Son
- The Wall
- Dust in the Wind
- On the Other Side
- A Glimpse of Home
- Hold On
- Silhouettes in Disguise
- Secret Service
- One Man, One Heart
- Point of Know Return
- Dust in the Wind
- Lonely Street
- Song for America
- Carry On Wayward Son
- Hold On
- Miracles Out of Nowhere
- The Wall
- Paradox
- Down the Road
- Carry on Wayward Son
- Can I Tell You
- Two Cents Worth
- Play the Game Tonight
- People of the South Wind
- The Wall
- It Takes a Woman's Love (To Make a Man)
- Dust in the Wind
- Don't Take Your Love Away
- On the Other Side
- Carry on Wayward Son
- All I Wanted
- T.O. Witcher
- Dust in the Wind
- The Wall
- Preacher
- Paradox
- Magnum Opus
- One Big Sky
- Miracle Out of Nowhere
- Down the Road
- Song for America
- Lamplight Symphony
- Lonely Street
- The Devil Game
- Incomudro - Hymn to the Atman
- Carry On Wayward Son
- The Wall
- What's on My Mind
- Miracles out of Nowhere
- Opus Insert
- Questions of My Childhood
- Cheyenne Anthem
- Magnum Opus
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Kansas Carry on my Wayward son
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:26
- Updated: 23 Feb 2013
wayward son
http://wn.com/Kansas_Carry_on_my_Wayward_son
Kansas - "Carry On Wayward Son" 1976 Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 23 Feb 2013
Kansas 1976 - "Carry On Wayward Son" Rare Version with live vocals and studio music. Visit www.meatwall.com
http://wn.com/Kansas_Carry_On_Wayward_Son_1976_Video
Kansas 1976 - "Carry On Wayward Son" Rare Version with live vocals and studio music. Visit www.meatwall.com
- published: 29 Aug 2006
- views: 13115149
- author: Brian Boyce
Kansas - Dust In The Wind
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Updated: 23 Feb 2013
Music video by Kansas performing Dust In The Wind. (c) 2004 Sony Music Entertainment Inc.
http://wn.com/Kansas_Dust_In_The_Wind
Music video by Kansas performing Dust In The Wind. (c) 2004 Sony Music Entertainment Inc.
- published: 07 Nov 2009
- views: 24132249
- author: kansasVEVO
kansas, Carry On Wayward Son
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Updated: 23 Feb 2013
kansas, Carry On Wayward Son
http://wn.com/kansas,_Carry_On_Wayward_Son
Kansas - Dust In the Wind
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Filmed in 1977 by my dad, this music video nearly became "dust in the wind" until it was restored from its failing 8mm format.
http://wn.com/Kansas_Dust_In_the_Wind
Filmed in 1977 by my dad, this music video nearly became "dust in the wind" until it was restored from its failing 8mm format.
- published: 31 May 2006
- views: 7993785
- author: uselessdirector
KU Basketball Harlem Shake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:53
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Created by KU Students: Maddie Wilk, Elle Ternes, Lee Searcy & Cameron Volker Rock Chalk
http://wn.com/KU_Basketball_Harlem_Shake
Created by KU Students: Maddie Wilk, Elle Ternes, Lee Searcy & Cameron Volker Rock Chalk
- published: 16 Feb 2013
- views: 2994806
- author: AllAccessJayhawks
Homeless returns Diamond Ring accidentally dropped into his change cup
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Homeless man returns diamond ring accidentally dropped into his change cup A homeless man who hit the jackpot in his change cup—a diamond ring—showed he had a heart of gold by returning it. The woman who accidentally dumped her engagement ring along with all the spare change in her wallet into the cup noticed the mistake long after she had given the pricey item to the Kansas City man, Billy Ray Harris. Sarah Darling, who hadn't meant to be quite that generous to the man on the street, explained to Kansas City, Mo.'s KCTV that "my rings were bothering me, so I put them in my coin purse." Darling said she didn't realize what she'd done until the next day. "I was so incredibly upset because, more than just the value of the ring, it had sentimental value," she said. Needless to say, Darling returned to the scene the next day. Harris told the station, "The ring was so big that I knew if it was real, it was expensive." He recalled, "She squatted down like you did like right there and says, 'Do you remember me?' And I was like, 'I don't know. I see a lot of faces.' She says, 'I might have gave you something very valuable.' I said, 'Was it a ring?' And she says, 'Yeah.' And I said, 'Well, I have it.'" Harris added that he wasn't the type to cash in on someone's misfortune. "My grandfather was a reverend. He raised me from the time I was 6 months old and thank the good Lord, it's a blessing, but I do still have some character," he said. Darling gratefully told the TV station, "It ...
http://wn.com/Homeless_returns_Diamond_Ring_accidentally_dropped_into_his_change_cup
Homeless man returns diamond ring accidentally dropped into his change cup A homeless man who hit the jackpot in his change cup—a diamond ring—showed he had a heart of gold by returning it. The woman who accidentally dumped her engagement ring along with all the spare change in her wallet into the cup noticed the mistake long after she had given the pricey item to the Kansas City man, Billy Ray Harris. Sarah Darling, who hadn't meant to be quite that generous to the man on the street, explained to Kansas City, Mo.'s KCTV that "my rings were bothering me, so I put them in my coin purse." Darling said she didn't realize what she'd done until the next day. "I was so incredibly upset because, more than just the value of the ring, it had sentimental value," she said. Needless to say, Darling returned to the scene the next day. Harris told the station, "The ring was so big that I knew if it was real, it was expensive." He recalled, "She squatted down like you did like right there and says, 'Do you remember me?' And I was like, 'I don't know. I see a lot of faces.' She says, 'I might have gave you something very valuable.' I said, 'Was it a ring?' And she says, 'Yeah.' And I said, 'Well, I have it.'" Harris added that he wasn't the type to cash in on someone's misfortune. "My grandfather was a reverend. He raised me from the time I was 6 months old and thank the good Lord, it's a blessing, but I do still have some character," he said. Darling gratefully told the TV station, "It ...
- published: 13 Feb 2013
- views: 70551
- author: GlobalTVz
Kansas City Gas Explosion and Massive Fire Leaves 14 Injured
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Kansas City Fire Chief Paul Berardi said cadaver dogs were called to the scene. *More: abcn.ws
http://wn.com/Kansas_City_Gas_Explosion_and_Massive_Fire_Leaves_14_Injured
Kansas City Fire Chief Paul Berardi said cadaver dogs were called to the scene. *More: abcn.ws
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 3713
- author: ABCNews
Kansas - Hold On (with Lyrics)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
PLEASE READ: MATERIAL IS USED UNDER THE GUIDELINES OF "FAIR USE" IN TITLE 17 § 107 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE. SUCH MATERIAL REMAINS THE COPYRIGHT OF THE ORIGINAL HOLDER AND IS USED HERE FOR THE PURPOSES OF EDUCATION, COMPARISON, AND CRITICISM ONLY. Pictures are from Google - special thanks to backstagegallery.com for the awesome Kansas images. Song is Hold On By Kansas, released on the Audio Visions album in 1980. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is one of my favourite Kansas's songs, Hold On. I put the song lyrics along with some Kansas pictures and also with some random images I thought suited well with the song. I've got nothing else to say, I just wish you enjoy this beautiful song as I do. Leave a comment if you'd like! Music and Lyrics by Kerry Livgren Kansas' Audio Visions Line up: Phil Ehart - percussion, drums, vocals Dave Hope - bass, vocals Kerry Livgren - guitar, percussion, keyboard, vocals Robby Steinhardt - violin, viola, vocals Steve Walsh - percussion, keyboard, vocals, vibraphone Rich Williams - guitar, percussion, vocals
http://wn.com/Kansas_Hold_On_with_Lyrics
PLEASE READ: MATERIAL IS USED UNDER THE GUIDELINES OF "FAIR USE" IN TITLE 17 § 107 OF THE UNITED STATES CODE. SUCH MATERIAL REMAINS THE COPYRIGHT OF THE ORIGINAL HOLDER AND IS USED HERE FOR THE PURPOSES OF EDUCATION, COMPARISON, AND CRITICISM ONLY. Pictures are from Google - special thanks to backstagegallery.com for the awesome Kansas images. Song is Hold On By Kansas, released on the Audio Visions album in 1980. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This is one of my favourite Kansas's songs, Hold On. I put the song lyrics along with some Kansas pictures and also with some random images I thought suited well with the song. I've got nothing else to say, I just wish you enjoy this beautiful song as I do. Leave a comment if you'd like! Music and Lyrics by Kerry Livgren Kansas' Audio Visions Line up: Phil Ehart - percussion, drums, vocals Dave Hope - bass, vocals Kerry Livgren - guitar, percussion, keyboard, vocals Robby Steinhardt - violin, viola, vocals Steve Walsh - percussion, keyboard, vocals, vibraphone Rich Williams - guitar, percussion, vocals
- published: 22 Aug 2009
- views: 218141
- author: famousvim26
More Harlem Shake - Kansas Student Section vs. Texas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:44
- Updated: 19 Feb 2013
Vote KU for the Naismith Student Section of the Year award: bit.ly Not to be outdone by the Kansas volleyball and men's basketball teams, the KU student section (arguably the greatest student in the history of student sections) got in on the Harlem Shake action during Saturday's rout of Texas on ESPN's College GameDay.
http://wn.com/More_Harlem_Shake_Kansas_Student_Section_vs_Texas
Vote KU for the Naismith Student Section of the Year award: bit.ly Not to be outdone by the Kansas volleyball and men's basketball teams, the KU student section (arguably the greatest student in the history of student sections) got in on the Harlem Shake action during Saturday's rout of Texas on ESPN's College GameDay.
- published: 17 Feb 2013
- views: 235206
- author: KUAthletics
NASCAR The Game : Inside Line - 09 - Kansas as Matt Kenseth. (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:42
- Updated: 14 Feb 2013
We head to Kansas as Matt Kenseth, and learn that walls aren't always smooth. :P Will we overcome our mistakes? (720p) Donate (eternally grateful, yo) : tinyurl.com 2nd Channel : youtube.com Keep up with me elsewhere (for updates and more) : twitter.com www.facebook.com jonathanwolfe038.tumblr.com http Collab channel : youtube.com
http://wn.com/NASCAR_The_Game_Inside_Line_09_Kansas_as_Matt_Kenseth_HD
We head to Kansas as Matt Kenseth, and learn that walls aren't always smooth. :P Will we overcome our mistakes? (720p) Donate (eternally grateful, yo) : tinyurl.com 2nd Channel : youtube.com Keep up with me elsewhere (for updates and more) : twitter.com www.facebook.com jonathanwolfe038.tumblr.com http Collab channel : youtube.com
- published: 30 Dec 2012
- views: 582
- author: Jonathan Wolfe
Kansas - Dust In The Wind Live in Chile 2006 Legendado
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
As Canções mais executadas de 1970 a 1979 no Brasil para download: twitter.com Dust in the Wind é uma canção do Kansas lançada no álbum Point of Known Return (1977). Ela tornou a banda sucesso incontestavél, o álbum vendeu mais de quatro milhões de cópias nos Estados Unidos e acumulou milhões de vendas pelo mundo afora. A canção já foi regravada pelo Scorpions (Acoustica, 2001), Sarah Brightman, Lou Reed, Neil Diamond, Paula Fernandes, entre outros grandes artistas de expressão.
http://wn.com/Kansas_Dust_In_The_Wind_Live_in_Chile_2006_Legendado
As Canções mais executadas de 1970 a 1979 no Brasil para download: twitter.com Dust in the Wind é uma canção do Kansas lançada no álbum Point of Known Return (1977). Ela tornou a banda sucesso incontestavél, o álbum vendeu mais de quatro milhões de cópias nos Estados Unidos e acumulou milhões de vendas pelo mundo afora. A canção já foi regravada pelo Scorpions (Acoustica, 2001), Sarah Brightman, Lou Reed, Neil Diamond, Paula Fernandes, entre outros grandes artistas de expressão.
- published: 15 Jul 2010
- views: 1064962
- author: Claudio Santana
Kansas State Harlem Shake
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:46
- Updated: 19 Feb 2013
Presented by Wildcat Watch, Kansas State University 2013. Filmed at Memorial Stadium in Manhattan, Kansas.
http://wn.com/Kansas_State_Harlem_Shake
Presented by Wildcat Watch, Kansas State University 2013. Filmed at Memorial Stadium in Manhattan, Kansas.
- published: 17 Feb 2013
- views: 61684
- author: WildcatWatch
Lady Gaga - Marry The Night (Kansas City)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Sprint Center Feb 4th 2013 Born This Way Ball
http://wn.com/Lady_Gaga_Marry_The_Night_Kansas_City
Sprint Center Feb 4th 2013 Born This Way Ball
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 10788
- author: Edwin4NOH8
The Wall :: Kansas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:51
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
One of Kansas' greatest songs. From their fourth album, Leftoverture
http://wn.com/The_Wall_Kansas
One of Kansas' greatest songs. From their fourth album, Leftoverture
- published: 28 Apr 2008
- views: 226209
- author: DaedalusJr
Kansas vs K-State Intro Video 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Intro Video & New "Pay Heed Video" played before the Kansas vs Kansas State game on 2/11/13.
http://wn.com/Kansas_vs_K-State_Intro_Video_2013
Intro Video & New "Pay Heed Video" played before the Kansas vs Kansas State game on 2/11/13.
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 10944
- author: BEETOVNLVR
Raw: Fire Burns at Kansas City Shopping District
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
A massive fire is burning in an upscale shopping and entertainment district in Kansas City. Video showed dozens of firefighters and other emergency responders battling a massive blaze through heavy smoke. (Feb. 19)
http://wn.com/Raw_Fire_Burns_at_Kansas_City_Shopping_District
A massive fire is burning in an upscale shopping and entertainment district in Kansas City. Video showed dozens of firefighters and other emergency responders battling a massive blaze through heavy smoke. (Feb. 19)
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 5455
- author: AssociatedPress
Gas Explosion In Kansas City, Missouri | Gas Explosion Inside JJ Plaza Restaurant | 10 Injured
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:53
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
A car crashed into a gas main Tuesday evening in an upscale Kansas City shopping district, sparking a massive blaze that engulfed an entire block and caused multiple injuries, police said. Police spokeswoman Rhonda Flores said it appeared that a car crashed into a gas main near a restaurant at 6:03 pm Flores said injuries were reported but that she did not know how many or how severe. She noted an initial call for three ambulances had been increased to 10. She said she had not heard of any reported fatalities. Flores said the car crash appeared to have been accidental.
http://wn.com/Gas_Explosion_In_Kansas_City,_Missouri_|_Gas_Explosion_Inside_JJ_Plaza_Restaurant_|_10_Injured
A car crashed into a gas main Tuesday evening in an upscale Kansas City shopping district, sparking a massive blaze that engulfed an entire block and caused multiple injuries, police said. Police spokeswoman Rhonda Flores said it appeared that a car crashed into a gas main near a restaurant at 6:03 pm Flores said injuries were reported but that she did not know how many or how severe. She noted an initial call for three ambulances had been increased to 10. She said she had not heard of any reported fatalities. Flores said the car crash appeared to have been accidental.
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 3884
- author: PlanetEarth2013
CNN cameras in Kansas capture "thundersnow"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:56
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
CNN cameras in Kansas capture a rare weather phenomenon known as "thundersnow." For more CNN videos, visit our site at www.cnn.com
http://wn.com/CNN_cameras_in_Kansas_capture_thundersnow
CNN cameras in Kansas capture a rare weather phenomenon known as "thundersnow." For more CNN videos, visit our site at www.cnn.com
- published: 21 Feb 2013
- views: 15772
- author: CNN
OU vs Kansas State 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 141:46
- Updated: 15 Feb 2013
Oklahoma Sooners vs Kansas State Wildcats. September 22nd, 2012. Norman, Oklahoma.
http://wn.com/OU_vs_Kansas_State_2012
Oklahoma Sooners vs Kansas State Wildcats. September 22nd, 2012. Norman, Oklahoma.
- published: 23 Sep 2012
- views: 26519
- author: huff99
WATCH: Surveillance Footage Captures Moment A Kansas City Gas Line Explodes: 1 Dead 15 Injured
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 20 Feb 2013
A popular Kansas City, Missouri, restaurant was leveled on Wednesday when a gas line exploded. JJ's restaurant burst into flames after a gas line burst, eventually resulting in a towering fire that destroyed the restaurant.
http://wn.com/WATCH_Surveillance_Footage_Captures_Moment_A_Kansas_City_Gas_Line_Explodes_1_Dead_15_Injured
A popular Kansas City, Missouri, restaurant was leveled on Wednesday when a gas line exploded. JJ's restaurant burst into flames after a gas line burst, eventually resulting in a towering fire that destroyed the restaurant.
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 11772
- author: YouHotNews
Doctor: Many Injured in Kansas City Explosion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:45
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
A gas explosion that sparked a massive, block-engulfing blaze in an upscale Kansas City shopping district injured at least 14 people, a city official said Tuesday evening. At least 8 were taken to St. Luke's Hospital. (Feb. 19)
http://wn.com/Doctor_Many_Injured_in_Kansas_City_Explosion
A gas explosion that sparked a massive, block-engulfing blaze in an upscale Kansas City shopping district injured at least 14 people, a city official said Tuesday evening. At least 8 were taken to St. Luke's Hospital. (Feb. 19)
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 2382
- author: AssociatedPress
#1 Pick in the 2013 NBA DRAFT: Kansas SG Ben McLemore #flight23
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 22 Feb 2013
Future NBA All-Star Ben McLemore's highlights from 2012-13 season (ONLY FIRST HALF OF SEASON!!!). See why most draft boards have him pegged as the #1 overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft. Ben McLemore currently leads the #2 ranked Jayhawks in scoring (as of this upload) Footage from various Youtube videos, mainly from AllAccessJayhawk: www.youtube.com or @KU_Hoops on twitter Also used some clips from a really good and more conventional highlight video: www.youtube.com Music is "Further" from the Far Cry 3 Soundtrack: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/_1_Pick_in_the_2013_NBA_DRAFT_Kansas_SG_Ben_McLemore_flight23
Future NBA All-Star Ben McLemore's highlights from 2012-13 season (ONLY FIRST HALF OF SEASON!!!). See why most draft boards have him pegged as the #1 overall pick in the 2013 NBA draft. Ben McLemore currently leads the #2 ranked Jayhawks in scoring (as of this upload) Footage from various Youtube videos, mainly from AllAccessJayhawk: www.youtube.com or @KU_Hoops on twitter Also used some clips from a really good and more conventional highlight video: www.youtube.com Music is "Further" from the Far Cry 3 Soundtrack: www.youtube.com
- published: 29 Jan 2013
- views: 14609
- author: pen15erer
photo: AP / Photo
22 Feb 2013
MALINDI, Kenya — In a room by the stairs, Shukrani Malingi, a Pokomo farmer, writhed on a metal cot, the skin on his back burned off. Down the hall, at a safe distance, Rahema Hageyo, an Orma girl, stared blankly out of a window, a long scar above her thimble-like neck. She was nearly decapitated by a machete chop — and she is only 9 months old. Connect With Us on Twitter ... Twitter List. Reporters and Editors ... ... Op-Ed ... N.Y ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
photo: AP
22 Feb 2013
Oscar Pistorius appears at the Magistrate Court in Pretoria on day four of his bail hearing. Photo. AFP. The lead lawyer prosecuting Oscar Pistorius on murder charges has told a Pretoria bail hearing the sprinter knows a long spell in jail is ‘‘almost guaranteed’’ and is a flight risk ... ‘‘He must realise that a long term of imprisonment is almost guaranteed ... AFP/AAP. ....(size: 3.0Kb)
photo: AP / Aijaz Rahi
22 Feb 2013
Indian Mujahideen group reported to have ties to Pakistan and may be behind dual bomb attack that killed 15. Officials look for evidence in the debris of one of the two bomb blast sites in Hyderabad, India. Photograph. Aijaz Rahi/AP ... India's recent execution of an Islamic militant is being examined as a possible motive for the bombings, he said ... They had also visited various spots in New Delhi, Mumbai and Pune ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Strike Eagle
22 Feb 2013
HYDERABAD. A trip to purchase books for the exam of sub-inspector in excise department proved to be the last outing of Vijay Kumar, who was among the five students killed in the twin blasts in the city. Among the other students killed was Rajasekhar, who was pursuing MBA, Harish, an engineering student from Kottapet locality in the city, and Swapna, another MBA student ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
photo: UN / UNICEF, Marco Domino
22 Feb 2013
The United Nations has said it will not pay hundreds of millions of dollars in compensation claimed by cholera victims in impoverished Haiti, where an epidemic has killed thousands of people and been blamed on UN peacekeepers. Cholera - an infection causing severe diarrhoea that can lead to dehydration and death - has killed some 7,750 Haitians and sickened almost 620,000 since October 2010. It occurs in places with poor sanitation ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
noodls
23 Feb 2013
NCLR – National Center for Lesbian Rights) Kansas Supreme Court Rules to Protect the Interests of Children in All Families, Regardless of Parents' Sexual Orientation. (Topeka, KS, February 22, 2013)-Today, the Kansas Supreme Court ruled that when a same-sex couple has a child together, both parents can be fully recognized as parents under Kansas state law....(size: 3.9Kb)
noodls
23 Feb 2013
(Source. Kansas City Chiefs) Refelctions on John Dorsey's Combine Presser ... Dorsey is clearly focused on the present, being in Indianapolis, as the general manager of the Kansas City Chiefs and working in the now, to find the best picks available to join the Chiefs 2013 roster ... Do you see this next year as a rebuilding phase in Kansas City? ... This noodl was issued by Kansas City Chiefs and was initially posted at www.kcchiefs.com....(size: 2.8Kb)
The News Tribune
23 Feb 2013
Yangervis Solarte hit a two-run homer in the bottom of the ninth to even the score and the Texas Rangers and Kansas ......(size: 0.6Kb)
noodls
23 Feb 2013
(Source. City of Kansas City, MO). News from City Hall ... City of Kansas City, Mo ... The City of Kansas City, Mo., snow crews will continue running primary and arterial routes overnight to ensure that these roads are adequately cleared ... Many streets in Kansas City are actually part of the highway system and plowing for them is MoDOT's responsibility ... This noodl was issued by City of Kansas City, MO and was initially posted at www.kcmo.org....(size: 3.6Kb)
Kansas City Star
23 Feb 2013
Ed Zurga Texas guard Myck Kabongo (12) looks to pass around Kansas uard Naadir Tharpe during the first half of an NCAA college basketball game on Saturday, Feb ... In the Kansas City area, it’s only on AT&T; U-Verse (channel 609). Other areas in Kansas can see the game on Cox Cable (channel 272) ... Read more Kansas State University ... Kansas struggled a week ago ... Copyright 2013 The Kansas City Star....(size: 8.4Kb)
The Examiner
23 Feb 2013
Are you looking for some outdoor activities for your kids this winter? Then Kansas City has everything you’ll need for outdoor fun ... Snow Creek is located in Weston, Missouri, just North of the Kansas City International Airport. They offer skiing, snowboarding, and snow tubing for Kansas Citians ... If you are looking to try some ice skating then visit the Ice Terrace at Crown Center in Kansas City, Missouri....(size: 7.7Kb)
Reuters
23 Feb 2013
The storm blanketed states from Minnesota to Ohio earlier this week, dumping more than a foot of snow in Kansas on Thursday, forcing airports to cancel hundreds of flights and stranding motorists on highways ... In Kansas City, Missouri, Mayor Sly James said that about 60 buses were stuck on snowbound streets on Friday, and even tow trucks were immobilized ... SNOWY KANSAS....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Examiner
23 Feb 2013
Nonprofit Connect, a membership organization that provides education, resources and networking so Kansas City nonprofits can more effectively achieve their missions, has announced the individuals and companies the community will honor at the 29th Annual Philanthropy Awards Luncheon on Friday, May 15, 11.00 a.m ... at the Kansas City Marriott Downtown – Muehlebach Tower, 2345 McGee S., Kansas City, MO....(size: 7.4Kb)
The Examiner
23 Feb 2013
Bryce Young can be counted among Kansas City’s brightest filmmakers ... The task is not simply telling tales of end-of-times tragedy and triumph, but also bringing something to Kansas City that we can all be proud of ... Auditions are being held Sunday, February 24, 10 a.m., at the Livestock Exchange Bldg, located at 1600 Genessee St., Kansas City, Missouri 64102 ... Lonita Cook, Kansas City Arts & Entertainment Examiner....(size: 7.9Kb)
The Oklahoman
23 Feb 2013
Kansas. Images from the OSU vs Kansas basketball game on Wednesday, Feb.... She grew up in a sports-loving family in Kansas ... Carlson played golf in high school and planned to play in college, but when she started at the University of Kansas, she decided to focus her attention on journalism ... Carlson is a 1997 graduate of Kansas....(size: 5.8Kb)
Houston Chronicle
23 Feb 2013
(AP) — Some Kansas hospital administrators and medical groups urged legislators Friday to postpone any formal policy statement on expanding Medicaid as a House committee considered a measure critical of the move encouraged by the federal government's health care overhaul ... The Kansas Hospital Association ... In Kansas, Republican Gov ... Kansas Legislature....(size: 10.2Kb)
MSNBC
23 Feb 2013
WICHITA, Kansas — Derek Klingenberg posted this on YouTube, mixing the sights of winter with the sounds of Oz ... The Kansas Highway Patrol caught the thundersnow ......(size: 1.0Kb)
For other uses, see Kansas (disambiguation).
Kansas (i/ˈkænzəs/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States.[5] It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area.[6] The tribe's name (natively kką:ze) is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind," although this was probably not the term's original meaning.[7][8] Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans."
For thousands of years what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the Eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the Western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. Kansas was first settled by European Americans in the 1830s, but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue. When officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine if Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29, 1861,[9][10] Kansas entered the Union as a free state. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly, when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, sorghum and sunflowers.[11] Kansas is the 15th most extensive and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States.
Contents |
History[link]
Main articles: History of Kansas and Kansas in the American Civil War
For millennia, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, who explored the area in 1541.
In 1803, most of modern Kansas was secured by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, and the Republic of Texas until the conclusion of the Mexican-American War in 1848. From 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today.
In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state. The Kansas-Nebraska Act became law on May 30, 1854, establishing the U.S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, and Pueblo.
Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery. The secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas.
Kansas was admitted to the United States as a slave-free state on January 29, 1861, making it the 34th state to enter the Union. By that time the violence in Kansas had largely subsided. But, during the Civil War, on August 21, 1863, William Quantrill led several hundred men on a raid into Lawrence, destroying much of the city and killing nearly 200 people. He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature. His application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre-war criminal record.[12]
After the Civil War, many veterans constructed homesteads in Kansas. Many African Americans also looked to Kansas as the land of "John Brown" and, led by freedmen like Benjamin "Pap" Singleton, began establishing black colonies in the state. Leaving southern states in the late 1870s because of increasing discrimination, they became known as Exodusters.
At the same time, the Chisholm Trail was opened and the Wild West-era commenced in Kansas. Wild Bill Hickok was a deputy marshal at Fort Riley and a marshal at Hays and Abilene. Dodge City was another wild cowboy town, and both Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp worked as lawmen in the town. In one year alone, 8 million head of cattle from Texas boarded trains in Dodge City bound for the East, earning Dodge the nickname "Queen of the Cowtowns."
In part as a response to the violence perpetrated by cowboys, on February 19, 1881 Kansas became the first U.S. state to adopt a Constitutional amendment prohibiting all alcoholic beverages.
Geography[link]
Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north; Missouri on the east; Oklahoma on the south; and Colorado on the west. The state is divided into 105 counties with 628 cities, and is located equidistant from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The geographic center of the 48 contiguous states is located in Smith County near Lebanon. The geodetic center of North America was located in Meades Ranch, Kansas, Osborne County until 1983. This spot was used until that date as the central reference point for all maps of North America produced by the U.S. government. The geographic center of Kansas is located in Barton County.
Geology[link]
Main article: Geology of Kansas
Kansas is underlain by a sequence of horizontal to gently westward dipping sedimentary rocks. A sequence of Mississippian, Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks underlie the eastern and southern part of the state. The western half of the state consists of Cretaceous through Tertiary sediments derived from the erosion of the uplifted Rocky Mountains to the west. The northeastern corner of the state was subjected to glaciation in the Pleistocene and is covered by glacial drift and loess.
Topography[link]
The western two-thirds of the state, lying in the great central plain of the United States, has a generally flat or undulating surface, while the eastern third has many hills and forests. The land gradually rises from east to west; its altitude ranges from 684 ft (208 m) along the Verdigris River at Coffeyville in Montgomery County, to 4,039 ft (1,231 m) at Mount Sunflower, one half mile from the Colorado border, in Wallace County. It is a popular belief that Kansas is the flattest state in the nation, reinforced by a well-known 2003 study[13] stating that Kansas was indeed "flatter than a pancake".[14] This has since been called into question, with most scientists ranking Kansas somewhere between 20th and 30th flattest state, depending on measurement method. Its average elevation is 2,000 feet, higher than 36 states.[15]
Rivers[link]
The Missouri River forms nearly 75 mi (121 km) of the state's northeastern boundary. The Kansas River (locally known as the Kaw), formed by the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers at appropriately-named Junction City, joins the Missouri at Kansas City, after a course of 170 mi (270 km) across the northeastern part of the state. The Arkansas River (pronunciation varies), rising in Colorado, flows with a bending course for nearly 500 mi (800 km) across the western and southern parts of the state. It forms, with its tributaries (the Little Arkansas, Ninnescah, Walnut, Cow Creek, Cimarron, Verdigris, and the Neosho), the southern drainage system of the state. Other important rivers are the Saline and Solomon Rivers, tributaries of the Smoky Hill River; the Big Blue, Delaware, and Wakarusa, which flow into the Kansas River; and the Marais des Cygnes, a tributary of the Missouri River. Spring River is located between Riverton (Fuglies), Kansas and Baxter Springs, Kansas.
National parks and historic sites[link]
Areas under the protection of the National Park Service include:[16]
- Brown v. Board Of Education National Historic Site in Topeka
- California National Historic Trail
- Fort Larned National Historic Site in Larned
- Fort Scott National Historic Site
- Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
- Nicodemus National Historic Site at Nicodemus
- Oregon National Historic Trail
- Pony Express National Historic Trail
- Santa Fe National Historic Trail
- Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve near Strong City
Climate[link]
File:Kansas Windmills.JPG
Clouds in northeastern Kansas
Kansas contains three climatic types, according to the Köppen climate classification: it has humid continental, semi-arid steppe, and humid subtropical. The eastern two-thirds of the state (especially the northeastern portion) has a humid continental climate, with cool to cold winters and hot, often humid summers. Most of the precipitation falls in the summer and spring. The western third of the state – from about the U.S. Route 281 corridor westward – has a semiarid steppe climate. Summers are hot, often very hot, and generally less humid. Winters are highly changeable between warm and very cold. The western region receives an average of about 16 inches (410 mm) of precipitation per year. Chinook winds in the winter can warm western Kansas all the way into the 80 °F (27 °C) range. The far south-central and southeastern reaches of the state have a humid subtropical climate with hot, humid summers, milder winters and more precipitation than the rest of the state. Although not strictly falling in all of the zones, some features of all three climates can be found in most of the state, with droughts and changeable weather between dry and humid not uncommon, and both warm and cold spells in the winter.
Precipitation ranges from about 47 inches (1200 mm) annually in the southeast of the state, to about 16 inches (400 mm) in the southwest. Snowfall ranges from around 5 inches (130 mm) in the fringes of the south, to 35 inches (900 mm) in the far northwest. Frost-free days range from more than 200 days in the south, to 130 days in the northwest. Thus, Kansas is the 9th or 10th sunniest state in the country, depending on the source. Western Kansas is as sunny as California and Arizona.
Kansas is prone to severe weather, especially in the spring and early summer. In spite of the frequent sunshine throughout much of the state, due to its location at a climatic boundary prone to multiple air masses the state is vulnerable to strong and severe thunderstorms . Many of these storms become Supercell thunderstorms. These can spawn tornadoes, often of EF3 strength or higher. According to statistics from the National Climatic Data Center, Kansas has reported more tornadoes (for the period January 1, 1950 through October 31, 2006) than any state except for Texas – marginally even more than Oklahoma. It has also – along with Alabama – reported more F5 or EF5 tornadoes than any other state. These are the most powerful of all tornadoes. Kansas averages over 50 tornadoes annually.[17] Severe thunderstorms sometimes drop very large Hail over Kansas as well as bringing flash flooding and damaging straight line winds.
According to NOAA, the all-time highest temperature recorded in Kansas is 121 °F (49.4 °C) on July 24, 1936, near Alton, and the all-time low is −40 °F (−40 °C) on February 13, 1905, near Lebanon.
Kansas's record high of 121 °F (49.4 °C) ties with North Dakota for the fifth-highest record high in an American state, behind California (134 °F/56.7 °C), Arizona (128 °F/53.3 °C), Nevada (125 °F/51.7 °C), and New Mexico (122 °F/50 °C).
| Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various Kansas Cities | ||||||||||||
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concordia | 36/17 | 43/22 | 54/31 | 64/41 | 74/52 | 85/62 | 91/67 | 88/66 | 80/56 | 68/44 | 51/30 | 40/21 |
| Dodge City | 41/19 | 48/24 | 57/31 | 67/41 | 76/52 | 87/62 | 93/67 | 91/66 | 82/56 | 70/44 | 55/30 | 44/22 |
| Goodland | 39/16 | 45/20 | 53/26 | 63/35 | 72/46 | 84/56 | 89/61 | 87/60 | 78/50 | 66/38 | 50/25 | 41/18 |
| Topeka | 37/17 | 44/23 | 55/33 | 66/43 | 75/53 | 84/63 | 89/68 | 88/65 | 80/56 | 69/44 | 53/32 | 41/22 |
| Wichita | 40/20 | 47/25 | 57/34 | 67/44 | 76/54 | 87/64 | 93/69 | 92/68 | 82/59 | 70/47 | 55/34 | 43/24 |
| [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] | ||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1860 | 107,206 |
|
|
| 1870 | 364,399 | 239.9% | |
| 1880 | 996,096 | 173.4% | |
| 1890 | 1,428,108 | 43.4% | |
| 1900 | 1,470,495 | 3.0% | |
| 1910 | 1,690,949 | 15.0% | |
| 1920 | 1,769,257 | 4.6% | |
| 1930 | 1,880,999 | 6.3% | |
| 1940 | 1,801,028 | −4.3% | |
| 1950 | 1,905,299 | 5.8% | |
| 1960 | 2,178,611 | 14.3% | |
| 1970 | 2,246,578 | 3.1% | |
| 1980 | 2,363,679 | 5.2% | |
| 1990 | 2,477,574 | 4.8% | |
| 2000 | 2,688,418 | 8.5% | |
| 2010 | 2,853,116 | 6.1% | |
| Source: 1910–2010[18] | |||
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Kansas was 2,871,238 on July 1, 2011, a 0.6% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[2]
According to the 2010 Census, 83.8% of the population was White (78.2% non-Hispanic white), 5.9% was Black or African American, 1.0% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.4% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 3.0% from two or more races. 10.5% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (they may be of any race).[19]
As of 2007, Kansas had an estimated population of 2,775,997, an increase of 20,180, or 0.7%, from the prior year and an increase of 87,579, or 3.3%, since the year 2000.[20] This includes a natural increase since the last census of 93,899 people (that is 246,484 births minus 152,585 deaths) and a decrease due to net migration of 20,742 people out of the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 44,847 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 65,589 people.[21] The population density of the state is 52.9 people per square mile.[22] The center of population of Kansas is located in Chase County, at 38°27′N 96°32′W / 38.45°N 96.533°W / 38.45; -96.533, approximately three miles north of the community of Strong City.[23]
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As of 2004, the population included 149,800 foreign-born (5.5% of the state population). The ten largest reported ancestry groups, which account for over 85% of the population, in the state are: German (33.75%), Irish (14.4%), English (14.1%), American (7.5%), French (4.4%), Scottish (4.2%), Dutch (2.5%), Swedish (2.4%), Italian (1.8%), and Polish (1.5%).[24] People of German ancestry are especially strong in the northwest, while those of English ancestry and descendants of white Americans from other states are especially strong in the southeast. Mexicans are present in the southwest and make up nearly half the population in certain counties. Many African Americans in Kansas are descended from the Exodusters, newly freed blacks who fled the South for land in Kansas following the Civil War.
Religion[link]
The 2008 Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed the religious makeup of Kansas was as follows:
- Christian 86%
- Protestant 53.7%
- United Methodist 13.3%
- Baptist 12.8%
- Non-denominational Protestant 6.4%
- Lutheran 5.9%
- Restorationist 5.5%
- Presbyterian 4.3%
- Episcopalian/Anglican 2.4%
- Roman Catholic 29%
- Latter Day Saints/Mormons 2%
- Jehovah's Witness 2%
- Non denominational 1%
- Other Christian 3%
- Protestant 53.7%
- Non-religious 9%
- Jewish 2%
- Other 2%
As of the year 2000, the RCMS[25] reported that the three largest denominational groups in Kansas are Mainline Protestant, Evangelical Protestant, and Catholic. The Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Kansas (at 405,844), followed by the United Methodist Church with 206,187 members reported and the Southern Baptist Convention, reporting 101,696 adherents.
Though small, the Kansas Baha'i community has the distinction of being the second in the western hemisphere, founded in 1897 in Enterprise, Kansas.[26]
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In 2012 it was reported there has been a growth in Mormons and Catholics.[27]
Rural flight[link]
Main article: Rural flight
Kansas is one of the slowest-growing states in the nation. Known as a rural flight, the last few decades have been marked by a migratory pattern out of the countryside into cities.
Out of all the cities in these Midwestern states, 89% have fewer than 3,000 people, and hundreds of those have fewer than 1,000. In Kansas alone, there are more than 6,000 ghost towns and dwindling communities,[28] according to one Kansas historian, Daniel C. Fitzgerald.
At the same time, some of the communities in Johnson County (metropolitan Kansas City) are among the fastest-growing in the country.
Economy[link]
The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that the total GDP in 2008 was $122.7 billion, making it the United States's 32nd highest state by GDP.[29] Per capita personal income in 2008 was $35,013. As of January 2010, the states unemployment rate is 6.4%.[30]
The agricultural outputs of the state are cattle, sheep, wheat, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, hogs, corn, and salt. Eastern Kansas is part of the Grain Belt, an area of major grain production in the central United States. The industrial outputs are transportation equipment, commercial and private aircraft, food processing, publishing, chemical products, machinery, apparel, petroleum and mining.
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Kansas ranks 8th in U.S. oil production. Production has experienced a steady, natural decline as it becomes increasingly difficult to extract oil over time. Since oil prices bottomed in 1999, oil production in Kansas has remained fairly constant, with an average monthly rate of about 2.8 million barrels (450,000 m3) in 2004. The recent higher prices have made carbon dioxide sequestration and other oil recovery techniques more economical.
Kansas ranks 8th in U.S. natural gas production. Production has steadily declined since the mid-1990s with the gradual depletion of the Hugoton Natural Gas Field—the state's largest field which extends into Oklahoma and Texas. In 2004, slower declines in the Hugoton gas fields and increased coalbed methane production contributed to a smaller overall decline. Average monthly production was over 32 billion cubic feet (0.9 km³).
The Kansas economy is also heavily influenced by the aerospace industry. Several large aircraft corporations have manufacturing facilities in Wichita and Kansas City, including Spirit AeroSystems, Boeing, Cessna, Learjet, and Hawker Beechcraft (formerly Raytheon).
Major company headquarters in Kansas include the Sprint Nextel Corporation (with world headquarters in Overland Park), Embarq (with national headquarters in Overland Park), YRC Worldwide (Overland Park), Garmin (Olathe), Payless Shoes (national headquarters and major distribution facilities in Topeka), and Koch Industries (with national headquarters in Wichita).
Taxes[link]
Kansas has three income brackets for income tax calculation, ranging from 3.5% to 6.45%. The state sales tax in Kansas is 6.3%. Various cities and counties in Kansas have an additional local sales tax. Except during the 2001 recession (March–November 2001) when monthly sales tax collections were flat, collections have trended higher as the economy has grown and two rate increases have been enacted. Total sales tax collections for 2003 amounted to $1.63 billion, compared to $805.3 million in 1990.
Revenue shortfalls resulting from lower than expected tax collections and slower growth in personal income following a 1998 permanent tax reduction has contributed to the substantial growth in the state's debt level as bonded debt increased from $1.16 billion in 1998 to $3.83 billion in 2006. Some increase in debt was expected as the state continues with its 10-year Comprehensive Transportation Program enacted in 1999. As of June 2004, Moody's Investors Service ranked the state 14th for net tax-supported debt per capita. As a percentage of personal income, it was at 3.8%—above the median value of 2.5% for all rated states and having risen from a value of less than 1% in 1992. The state has a statutory requirement to maintain cash reserves of at least 7.5% of expenses at the end of each fiscal year, however, lawmakers can vote to override the rule, and did so during the most recent budget agreement.
Transportation[link]
File:Kansas license plate.jpg
The current state license plate design, introduced in April 2007.
Kansas is served by two Interstate highways with one beltway, two spur routes, and three bypasses, with over a total of 874 miles (1,407 km) in all. The first section of Interstate in the nation was opened on I-70 just west of Topeka on November 14, 1956. I-70 is a major east/west route connecting to St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri, in the east and Denver, Colorado, in the west. Cities along this route (from east to west) include Kansas City, Lawrence, Topeka, Junction City, Salina, Hays, and Colby. I-35 is a major north/south route connecting to Des Moines, Iowa, in the north and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in the south. Cities along this route (from north to south) include Kansas City (and suburbs), Ottawa, Emporia, El Dorado, and Wichita.
Spur routes serve as connections between the two major routes. I-135, a north/south route, connects I-70 at Salina to I-35 at Wichita. I-335, a northeast/southwest route, connects I-70 at Topeka to I-35 at Emporia. I-335 and portions of I-35 and I-70 make up the Kansas Turnpike. Bypasses include I-470 around Topeka and I-235 around Wichita. I-435 is a beltway around the Kansas City Metropolitan Area while I-635 bypasses through Kansas City, Kansas.
US Route 69 runs north and south, from Minnesota to Texas. The highway passes through the eastern section of Kansas, from the Kansas City area, through Louisburg, Fort Scott, Frontenac, Pittsburg, and Baxter Springs before entering Oklahoma.
Kansas also has the second largest state highway system in the country after California. This is because of the high number of counties and county seats (105) and the intertwining of them all.
In January 2004, the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) announced the new Kansas 511 traveler information service.[32] By dialing 511, callers will get access to information about road conditions, construction, closures, detours and weather conditions for the state highway system. Weather and road condition information is updated every 15 minutes.
The state's only major commercial (Class C) airport is Wichita Mid-Continent Airport, located along US-54 on the western edge of the city. Manhattan Regional Airport in Manhattan offers daily flights to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, making it the second-largest commercial airport in the state.[33] Most air travelers in northeastern Kansas fly out of Kansas City International Airport, located in Platte County, Missouri. For those in the far western part of the state, Denver International Airport is a popular option. Connecting flights are also available from smaller Kansas airports in Dodge City, Garden City, Great Bend, Hays, Hutchinson, and Salina. Forbes Field in Topeka sustained commercial flights on Allegiant Air for short period of time until that service was terminated in 2007.
Law and government[link]
State and local politics[link]
See also: Government of Kansas and Political party strength in Kansas
Executive branch: The executive branch consists of six elected officers. The Governor and Lt Governor are elected on the same slate, the Attorney General, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and State Insurance Commissioner are elected separately. The six top executive offices of Kansas are all Republican. Governor Sam Brownback and Lieutenant Governor Jeff Colyer were elected in 2010 on the same ticket to a maximum of two consecutive four-year terms. Also elected in 2010 were the Attorney General Derek Schmidt of Independence; the Secretary of State Kris Kobach, of Piper; the State Treasurer Ron Estes, of Wichita; and the Insurance Commissioner Sandy Praeger, of Topeka.
Legislative branch: The bicameral Kansas Legislature consists of the Kansas House of Representatives, with 125 members serving two-year terms, and the Kansas Senate, with 40 members serving four-year terms. Currently, 32 of the 40 Senators are Republican and 92 of the 125 Representatives are Republican.
Judicial branch: The Judicial branch of the state government is headed by the Kansas Supreme Court. The court has seven judges. A vacancy is filled by the Governor picking one of three nominees selected by a 9-member judicial selection board. The board consists of five Kansas lawyers elected by other Kansas lawyers and four members selected by the Governor.
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Kansas has a reputation as a progressive state with many firsts in legislative initiatives—it was the first state to institute a system of workers' compensation (1910) and to regulate the securities industry (1911). Kansas also permitted women's suffrage in 1912, almost a decade before the federal constitution was amended to require it. Suffrage in all states would not be guaranteed until ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920. The council-manager government was adopted by many larger Kansas cities in the years following World War I while many American cities were being run by political machines or organized crime, notably the Pendergast Machine in neighboring Kansas City, Missouri. Kansas was also at the center of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, a 1954 Supreme Court decision that banned racially segregated schools throughout the U.S.
Kansas was one of the few states in which Franklin D. Roosevelt had limited political support, winning Kansas only twice in his four campaigns, although he won the state over Kansas governor Alfred M. Landon during the landslide of 1936. The state backed Republicans Wendell Willkie and Thomas E. Dewey in 1940 and 1944, respectively. Kansas also supported Dewey in 1948 despite the presence of incumbent president Harry S. Truman, who hailed from Independence, Missouri, approximately 15 miles east of the Kansas-Missouri state line. Since FDR carried Kansas in 1932 and 1936, only one Democrat has won Kansas' electoral votes, Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964.
Over the past four decades, Kansas has remained more socially conservative than many parts of the nation. The 1990s brought new restrictions on abortion, the defeat of prominent Democrats, including Dan Glickman, and the Kansas State Board of Education's 1999 decision to eliminate evolution from the state teaching standards, a decision that was later reversed.[34] In 2005, voters accepted a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage. The next year, the state passed a law setting a minimum age for marriage at 15 years.[35] In 2008, Governor Sebelius vetoed permits for the construction of new coal-fired energy plants in Kansas, saying: "We know that greenhouse gases contribute to climate change. As an agricultural state, Kansas is particularly vulnerable. Therefore, reducing pollutants benefits our state not only in the short term – but also for generations of Kansans to come."[36] However, shortly after Mark Parkinson became governor in 2009 upon Sebelius's resignation, Parkinson announced a compromise plan to allow construction of a coal-fired plant.
In 2010, Sam Brownback was elected governor with 63 percent of the state vote. He was sworn in as governor in 2011, Kansas' first Republican governor in eight years. Brownback campaigned on a five-point Road Map for Kansas, which consisted of five quantifiable objectives:
- Increase in net personal income.
- Increase in private sector employment.
- Increase in the percentage of 4th graders reading at grade level.
- Increase in the percentage of high school graduates who are college or career ready.
- Decrease in the percentage of Kansas’ children who live in poverty.
For the 2012 legislative session, Brownback has identified five major objectives:
- Major reform of the taxation system as a way to reduce Kansas' unemployment.
- Reduction in the ever-increasing amounts paid for Medicaid.
- Revision of the school finance formula, which has become outdated and ineffective.
- Structural government reform to reduce the cost of government to keep the budget in balance.
- Elimination of over $8 billion in unfunded liabilities of the state employee pension program (KPERS), which is one of the most financial unstable in the nation.
Brownback had established himself as a very conservative member of the U.S. Senate in years prior, but since becoming governor has made several controversial decisions. In May 2011, much to the opposition of art leaders and enthusiasts in the state, Brownback eliminated the Kansas Arts Commission, making Kansas the first state without an arts agency.[37] In July 2011, Brownback announced plans to close the Lawrence branch of the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services as a cost-saving measure. Hundreds rallied against the decision.[38] Lawrence City Commission later voted to provide the funding needed to keep the branch open.[39]
Federal politics[link]
The state's current delegation to the Congress of the United States includes Republican Senators Pat Roberts of Dodge City and Jerry Moran of Hays; and Republican Representatives Tim Huelskamp of Fowler (District 1), Lynn Jenkins of Topeka (District 2), Kevin Yoder of Overland Park (District 3), and Mike Pompeo of Wichita (District 4).
Historically, Kansas has been strongly Republican, dating from the Antebellum age when the Republican Party was created out of the movement opposing the extension of slavery into Kansas Territory. Kansas has not elected a Democrat to the U.S. Senate since the 1932 election, when Franklin D. Roosevelt won his first term as President in the wake of the Great Depression. This is the longest Senate losing streak for either party in a single state. Senator Sam Brownback was a candidate for the Republican party nomination for President in 2008. Brownback was not a candidate for re-election to a third full term in 2010, but he was elected Governor in that year's general election. Moran defeated Tiahrt for the Republican nomination for Brownback's seat in the August 2010 primary, then won a landslide general election victory over Democrat Lisa Johnston.
The only non-Republican presidential candidates Kansas has given its electoral vote to are Populist James Weaver and Democrats Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt (twice), and Lyndon Johnson. In 2004, George W. Bush won the state's six electoral votes by an overwhelming margin of 25 percentage points with 62% of the vote. The only two counties to support Democrat John Kerry in that election were Wyandotte, which contains Kansas City, and Douglas, home to the University of Kansas, located in Lawrence. The 2008 election brought similar results as John McCain won the state with 57% of the votes. Douglas, Wyandotte, and Crawford County were the only counties in support of President Barack Obama.[40]
In 1996, when Kansas Republican Senator Bob Dole failed in his bid to become President on the party's national ticket, the state became the second in the nation (following Minnesota and preceding Arizona by identical twelve-year intervals) to produce two losing major-party presidential candidates, and the first in which the said candidates ran on the GOP ticket (following Alfred Landon's loss to FDR in 1936).
State law[link]
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See also: Alcohol laws of Kansas
The legal drinking age in Kansas is 21. In lieu of the state retail sales tax, a 10% Liquor Drink Tax is collected for liquor consumed on the licensed premises and an 8% Liquor Enforcement Tax is collected on retail purchases. Although the sale of cereal malt beverage (also known as 3.2 beer) was legalized in 1937, the first post-Prohibition legalization of alcoholic liquor did not occur until the state's constitution was amended in 1948. The following year the Legislature enacted the Liquor Control Act which created a system of regulating, licensing, and taxing, and the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) was created to enforce the act. The power to regulate cereal malt beverage remains with the cities and counties. Liquor-by-the-drink did not become legal until passage of an amendment to the state's constitution in 1986 and additional legislation the following year. As of November 2006, Kansas still has 29 dry counties and only 17 counties have passed liquor-by-the-drink with no food sales requirement.[41] Today there are more than 2600 liquor and 4000 cereal malt beverage licensees in the state.[42]
Important cities and towns[link]
See also: List of cities in Kansas
| City | Population* | Growth rate** | Metro area | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wichita | 382,368 | 11.1% | Wichita |
| 2 | Overland Park | 173,372 | 16.3% | Kansas City, MO-KS |
| 3 | Kansas City | 145,786 | -0.7% | Kansas City |
| 4 | Topeka | 127,473 | 4.2% | Topeka |
| 5 | Olathe | 125,872 | 35.4% | Kansas City |
| 6 | Lawrence | 87,643 | 9.4% | Lawrence |
| 7 | Shawnee | 62,209 | 29.6% | Kansas City |
| 8 | Manhattan | 52,281 | 16.6% | Manhattan |
| 9 | Lenexa | 48,190 | 19.8% | Kansas City |
| 10 | Salina | 47,707 | 4.4% | ‡ |
| 11 | Hutchinson | 42,080 | 3.2% | ‡ |
| 12 | Leavenworth | 35,251 | -0.5% | Kansas City |
| 13 | Leawood | 31,867 | 15.2% | Kansas City |
| 14 | Dodge City | 27,340 | 8.6% | ‡ |
| 15 | Garden City | 26,658 | -6.3% | ‡ |
| 16 | Emporia | 24,916 | -6.9% | ‡ |
| 17 | Junction City | 23,353 | 13.0% | Manhattan |
| 18 | Derby | 22,158 | 24.4% | Wichita |
| 19 | Prairie Village | 21,447 | -2.8% | Kansas City |
| 20 | Liberal | 20,525 | 4.4% | ‡ |
| 21 | Hays | 20,510 | 2.5% | ‡ |
| 22 | Pittsburg | 20,233 | 5.1% | ‡ |
| 23 | Newton | 19,132 | 11.3% | Wichita |
| 24 | Gardner | 19,123 | 103.5% | Kansas City |
| 25 | Great Bend | 15,995 | 4.2% | ‡ |
| *2010 Census[43] **Growth rate 2000–2010 ‡Defined as a micropolitan area |
||||
Kansas has 627 incorporated cities. By state statute, cities are divided into three classes as determined by the population obtained "by any census of enumeration." A city of the third class has a population of less than 5,000, but cities reaching a population of more than 2,000 may be certified as a city of the second class. The second class is limited to cities with a population of less than 25,000, and upon reaching a population of more than 15,000, they may be certified as a city of the first class. First and second class cities are independent of any township and are not included within the township's territory.
Northeast Kansas[link]
The northeastern portion of the state, extending from the Eastern border to Junction City and from the Nebraska border to south of Johnson County is home to more than 1.5 million people in the Kansas City (Kansas portion), Manhattan, Lawrence,and Topeka metropolitan areas. Overland Park, a young city incorporated in 1960, has the largest population and the largest land area in the county. It is home to Johnson County Community College, the state's largest community college, and the corporate campus of Sprint Nextel, the largest private employer in the metro area. In 2006 the city was ranked as the 6th best place to live in America; the neighboring city of Olathe was 13th.[44] Olathe is the county seat and home to Johnson County Executive Airport. The cities of Olathe, Shawnee, and Gardner have some of the state's fastest growing populations. The cities of Overland Park, Lenexa, Olathe, and Gardner are also notable because they lie along the former route of the Santa Fe Trail. Among cities with at least one thousand residents, Mission Hills has the highest median income in the state.
Several institutions of higher education are located in Northeast Kansas including Baker University (the oldest university in the state, founded in 1858 and affiliated with the United Methodist Church) in Baldwin City, Benedictine College (sponsored by St. Benedict's Abbey and Mount St. Scholastica Monastery and formed from the merger of St. Benedict's College (1858) and Mount St. Scholastica College (1923)) in Atchison, MidAmerica Nazarene University in Olathe, Ottawa University in Ottawa and Overland Park, Kansas City Kansas Community College and KU Medical Center in Kansas City, and KU Edwards Campus in Overland Park. Less than an hour's drive to the west, Lawrence is home to the University of Kansas, the largest public university in the state, and Haskell Indian Nations University.
To the north, Kansas City, Kansas, with the second largest land area in the state, contains a number of diverse ethnic neighborhoods. Its attractions include the Kansas Speedway, Kansas City T-Bones and The Legends at Village West retail and entertainment center. Further up the Missouri River, the city of Lansing is the home of the state's first maximum-security prison. Historic Leavenworth, founded in 1854, was the first incorporated city in Kansas. North of the city, Fort Leavenworth is the oldest active Army post west of the Mississippi River. The city of Atchison was an early commercial center in the state and is well known as the birthplace of Amelia Earhart.
To the west, nearly a quarter million people reside in the Topeka metropolitan area. Topeka is the state capital and home to Washburn University. Built at a Kansas River crossing along the old Oregon Trail, this historic city has several nationally registered historic places. Further westward along Interstate 70 and the Kansas River is Junction City with its historic limestone and brick buildings and nearby Fort Riley, well known as the home to the U.S. Army's 1st Infantry Division, also known as the "Big Red One". A short distance away, the city of Manhattan is home to Kansas State University, the second largest public university in the state and the nation's oldest land-grant university, dating back to 1863. South of the campus, Aggieville dates back to 1889 and is the state's oldest shopping district of its kind.
Wichita[link]
In south-central Kansas, the Wichita metropolitan area is home to over 600,000 people. Wichita is the largest city in the state in terms of both land area and population. 'The Air Capital' is a major manufacturing center for the aircraft industry and the home of Wichita State University. With a number of nationally registered historic places, museums, and other entertainment destinations, it has a desire to become a cultural mecca in the Midwest. Wichita's population growth has grown by double digits and the surrounding suburbs are among the fastest growing cities in the state. The population of Goddard has grown by more than 11% per year since 2000.[45] Other fast-growing cities include Andover, Maize, Park City, Derby, and Haysville.
Up river (the Arkansas River) from Wichita is the city of Hutchinson. The city was built on one of the world's largest salt deposits, and it has the world's largest and longest wheat elevator. It is also the home of Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center, Prairie Dunes Country Club and the Kansas State Fair. North of Wichita along Interstate 135 is the city of Newton, the former western terminal of the Santa Fe Railroad and trailhead for the famed Chisholm Trail. To the southeast of Wichita are the cities of Winfield and Arkansas City with historic architecture and the Cherokee Strip Museum (in Ark City). The city of Udall was the site of the deadliest tornado in Kansas on May 25, 1955; it killed 80 people in and near the city.[46] To the southwest of Wichita is Freeport, the state's smallest incorporated city (population 5).
Around the state[link]
Located midway between Kansas City, Topeka, and Wichita in the heart of the Bluestem Region of the Flint Hills, the city of Emporia has several nationally registered historic places and is the home of Emporia State University, well known for its Teachers College. It was also the home of newspaper man William Allen White.
Southeast Kansas
Southeast Kansas has a unique history with a number of nationally registered historic places in this coal-mining region. Located in Crawford County (dubbed the Fried Chicken Capital of Kansas), Pittsburg is the largest city in the region and the home of Pittsburg State University. The neighboring city of Frontenac in 1888 was the site of the worst mine disaster in the state in which an underground explosion killed 47 miners. "Big Brutus" is located a mile and a half outside the city of West Mineral. Along with the restored fort, historic Fort Scott has a national cemetery designated by President Lincoln in 1862.
Central and North-Central Kansas
Salina is the largest city in central and north-central Kansas. South of Salina is the small city of Lindsborg with its numerous Dala horses. Much of the architecture and decor of this town has a distinctly Swedish style. To the east along Interstate 70, the historic city of Abilene was formerly a trailhead for the Chisholm Trail and was the boyhood home of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. To the west is Lucas, the Grassroots Art Capital of Kansas.
Northwest Kansas
Westward along the Interstate, the city of Russell, traditionally the beginning of sparsely-populated northwest Kansas, is the home of former U.S. Senator Bob Dole and the boyhood home of U.S. Senator Arlen Specter. The city of Hays is home to Fort Hays State University and the Sternberg Museum of Natural History, and is the largest city in the northwest with a population of around 20,000. Two other landmarks are located in smaller towns in Ellis County: the "Cathedral of the Plains" is located 10 miles (16 km) east of Hays in Victoria, and the boyhood home of Walter Chrysler is 15 miles (24 km) west of Hays in Ellis. West of Hays, population drops dramatically, even in areas along I-70, and only two towns containing populations of more than 4,000: Colby and Goodland, which are located 35 miles apart along I-70.
Southwest Kansas
Dodge City, famously known for the cattle drive days of the late 19th century, was built along the old Santa Fe Trail route. The city of Liberal is located along the southern Santa Fe Trail route. The first wind farm in the state was built east of Montezuma. Garden City has the Lee Richardson Zoo.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Kansas
Education in Kansas is governed at the primary and secondary school level by the Kansas State Board of Education. The state's public colleges and universities are supervised by the Kansas Board of Regents.
Twice since 1999 the Board of Education has approved changes in the state science curriculum standards that encouraged the teaching of intelligent design. Both times, the standards were reversed after changes in the composition of the board in the next election.
Sports[link]
Professional[link]
| Club | Sport | League | City |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sporting Kansas City | Soccer | Major League Soccer | Kansas City |
| Kansas City T-Bones | Baseball | American Association | Kansas City |
| Kansas Magic | Indoor soccer | Professional Arena Soccer League | Overland Park |
| Kansas Koyotes | Indoor Football | American Professional Football League | Topeka |
| Topeka Golden Giants | Baseball | National Baseball Congress | Topeka |
| Kansas City Storm | Football | Independent Women's Football | Kansas City |
| Topeka Roadrunners | Ice hockey | North American Hockey League | Topeka |
| Wichita Thunder | Ice hockey | Central Hockey League | Wichita |
| Wichita Wild | Indoor Football | Indoor Football League | Park City |
| Wichita Wings | Indoor Soccer | Major Indoor Soccer League | Park City |
| Wichita Wingnuts | Baseball | American Association | Wichita |
Sporting Kansas City, who have played their home games at CommunityAmerica Ballpark since 2008, are the first top-tier professional sports league and first Major League Soccer team to be located within Kansas. From the start of the 2011 season, the team will move to Livestrong Sporting Park, a brand new $165m soccer specific stadium.
Historically, many Kansans have supported the major league sports teams of Kansas City, Missouri, including the Kansas City Royals (MLB), the Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) and the Kansas City Brigade (AFL) – in part because the home stadiums for these teams are just miles from the Kansas border. The Chiefs and the Royals play at the Truman Sports Complex, located about 10 miles (16 km) from the Kansas-Missouri state line. The Kansas City Brigade play in the newly opened Sprint Center, which is even closer to the state line. From 1973 to 1997 the flagship radio station for the Royals was WIBW in Topeka, Kansas.[47]
Western Kansans sometimes also support the major league teams from Denver, while those who live close to the Oklahoma state line may support the Dallas Cowboys. All Chiefs games are televised throughout Kansas by television stations in Topeka and Wichita.
Two major auto racing facilities are located in Kansas. The Kansas Speedway located in Kansas City hosts races of the NASCAR, IRL, and ARCA circuits. Also, the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) holds drag racing events at Heartland Park Topeka. The Sports Car Club of America has its national headquarters in Topeka.
History[link]
The history of professional sports in Kansas probably dates from the establishment of the minor league baseball Topeka Capitals and Leavenworth Soldiers in 1886 in the Western League.[48][49] The African-American Bud Fowler played on the Topeka team that season, one year before the "color line" descended in professional baseball.[49]
In 1887, the Western League was dominated by a reorganized Topeka team called the Golden Giants – a high-priced collection of major leaguer players, including Bug Holliday, Jim Conway, Dan Stearns, Perry Werden and Jimmy Macullar, which won the league by 15½ games.[49] On April 10, 1887, the Golden Giants also won an exhibition game from the defending World Series champions, the St. Louis Browns (the present-day Cardinals), by a score of 12–9. However, Topeka was unable to support the team, and it disbanded after one year.
College[link]
The governing body for intercollegiate sports in the United States, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), was headquartered in the Kansas City suburb of Mission from 1973 until moving to Indianapolis in 1999.
NCAA Division I schools[link]
While there are no franchises of the four major professional sports within the state, many Kansans are fans of the state's major college sports teams, especially the Jayhawks of the University of Kansas, commonly referred to as "KU", and the Wildcats of Kansas State University, known as "KSU" or "K-State". Wichita State University, which also fields teams (called the Shockers) in Division I of the NCAA, is best known for its baseball program, winning the College World Series in 1989.
Both KU and K-State have tradition-rich programs in men's basketball. The Jayhawks are a perennial national power, ranking second in all-time victories among NCAA programs, behind Kentucky. In 2008, the Jayhawks won their fifth national crown (third NCAA tournament title). K-State also had a long stretch of success on the hardwood, lasting from the 1940s to the 1980s. After a 12-year absence, the Wildcats returned to the NCAA tournament in 2008 and made it into the Elite Eight in 2010. KU is fifth all-time with 13 Final Four appearances, while K-State is tied for 17th with four appearances. Wichita State has also made one Final Four appearance.
However, success on the gridiron has been less frequent for both KSU and KU. When the two teams met in 1987, KU's record was 1–7 and K-State's was 0–8. Fittingly, the Governor's Cup that year, dubbed the "Toilet Bowl" by the media, ended in a 17–17 tie when the Jayhawks blocked a last-second K-State field goal attempt. However, there have been recent breakthroughs for both schools. KU won the Orange Bowl for the first time in three tries in 2008, capping a 12–1 season, the best in school history. And when Bill Snyder arrived to coach at KSU in 1989, he turned the Wildcats from one of the worst college football programs in the nation into a national force for most of the 1990s and early 2000s. The team won the Fiesta Bowl in 1997, achieved an undefeated (11–0) regular season and No. 1 ranking in 1998, and took the Big 12 Conference championship in 2003.
Smaller colleges[link]
Notable success has also been achieved by the state's smaller schools in football. Pittsburg State University, a NCAA Division II participant, has claimed four national titles in football, two in the NAIA and most recently the 2011 NCAA Division II national title. Pittsburg State became the winningest NCAA Division II football program in 1995. PSU passed Hillsdale College at the top of the all-time victories list in the 1995 season on its march to the national runner-up finish. The Gorillas, in 96 seasons of intercollegiate competition, have accumulated 579 victories – posting a 579–301–48 overall mark.
Washburn University, in Topeka, won the NAIA Men's Basketball Championship in 1987. The Fort Hays State University men won the 1996 NCAA Division II title with a 34–0 record, and the Washburn women won the 2005 NCAA Division II crown. St. Benedict's College (now Benedictine College), in Atchison, won the 1954 and 1967 Men's NAIA Basketball Championships.
The Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference has its roots as one of the oldest college sport conferences in existence and participates in the NAIA and all ten member schools are in the state of Kansas. Other smaller school conference that have some members in Kansas are the Heartland Conference, the Midlands Collegiate Athletic Conference, the Midwest Christian College Conference, and the Heart of America Athletic Conference. Many junior colleges also have active athletic programs.
High school[link]
The Kansas State High School Activities Association (KSHSAA) is the organization which oversees interscholastic competition in the state of Kansas at the high school level. It oversees both athletic and non-athletic competition, and sponsors championships in several sports and activities.
Notable residents[link]
Main article: List of people from Kansas
Landmarks[link]
Main article: List of Kansas landmarks
See also[link]
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Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
References[link]
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- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
- ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ http://www.census.gov/geo/www/us_regdiv.pdf
- ^ John Koontz, p.c.
- ^ Rankin, Robert. 2005. "Quapaw." In Native Languages of the Southeastern United States, eds. Heather K. Hardy and Janine Scancarelli. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, pg. 492
- ^ Connelley, William E. 1918. Indians. A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans, ch. 10, vol. 1
- ^ "Today in History: January 29". Memory.loc.gov. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jan29.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Kansas Quick Facts". governor.ks.gov. https://governor.ks.gov/about-kansas/quickfacts. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
- ^ "FAQ". Kansas Department of Agriculture. http://www.ksda.gov/kansas_agriculture/faq/id/56. Retrieved January 3, 2011.
- ^ Jones, Gray Ghosts and Rebel Riders Holt & Co. 1956, p. 76
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- ^ Bert Nash Community Mental Health Center 785-843-9192 (2003-07-27). "Study finds Kansas Flatter Than Pancake". .ljworld.com. http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2003/jul/27/holy_hotcakes_study/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Fracas over Kansas pancake flap". Geotimes.org. http://www.geotimes.org/oct03/NN_pancake.html. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
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- ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/20000.html
- ^ State Population Estimates. Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, and States and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 (NST-EST2007-01). U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Released 2007-12-22. Six year change is from 2000-07-01 to 2007-07-01.
- ^ State Population Estimates. Kansas population has increased at a decreasing rate; reducing the number of congressmen from 5 to 4 in 1992 (Congressional Redistricting Act, eff. 1992). Cumulative Estimates of the Components of Population Change for the United States, Regions and States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2006 (NST-EST2006-04). U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. Released 2006-12-22.
- ^ edited by John W. Wright (2007). The New York Times 2008 Almanac. p. 178.
- ^ "Population and Population Centers by State – 2000". United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
- ^ American Community Survey Office. "Kansas – Social demographics 2006". Census.gov. Archived from the original on March 31, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080331102738/http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Products/Profiles/Single/2003/ACS/Tabular/040/04000US202.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "State Membership Reports". thearda.com. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/20_2000.asp. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
- ^ Garlington, William. The Baha'i Faith in America. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2005. 78–79.
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- ^ Bea.gov; U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
- ^ Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics
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- ^ "Manhattan Airport Official Site". http://www.flymhk.com/. Retrieved 2010-07-14.
- ^ Los Angeles Times. Vote by Kansas School Board Favors Evolution's Doubters
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ staff (2008-03-21). "Kansas Governor Rejects Two Coal-Fired Power Plants". Ens-newswire.com. http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/mar2008/2008-03-21-01.asp. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
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- ^ Hittle, Shaun (July 16, 2011). "Hundreds rally against closing SRS office". .ljworld.com. http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/jul/16/hundreds-rally-against-closing-srs-office/. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ "Lawrence City Commission approves funding for SRS office". .ljworld.com. August 9, 2011. http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2011/aug/09/lawrence-city-commission-approves-funding-srs-offi/. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ "2008 Election Results – Kansas". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2008/results/individual/#mapPKS. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ "Liquor Licensee and Supplier Information". Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue. http://www.ksrevenue.org/abcsupplierinfo.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-18.
- ^ "History of Alcoholic Beverages in Kansas". Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue. 2000. http://www.ksrevenue.org/abchistory.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-18.
- ^ "2010 US Census Population Estimates". http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_GCTPL2.ST13&prodType=table. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ "Best places to live 2006". MONEY Magazine. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/moneymag/bplive/2006/top100/. Retrieved 2006-12-09.
- ^ "Population Estimates". U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. http://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.php. Annual estimates of the population through 2006-07-01. Released 2007-06-28.
- ^ "The Blackwell Tornado of 25 May 1955". NWS Norman, Oklahoma. June 13, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-10-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20061008140031/http://www.srh.noaa.gov/oun/wxevents/19550525/. Retrieved 2007-01-28.
- ^ "Making Airwaves Through History". Findarticles.com. 2002-12-02. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4179/is_20021202/ai_n11792020/pg_3/. Retrieved 2010-07-31.
- ^ Evans, Harold (1940). "Baseball in Kansas, 1867–1940". Kansas Historical Quarterly. http://www.kancoll.org/khq/1940/40_2_evans.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
- ^ a b c Madden, W.C.; Stewart, Patrick (2002). The Western League: A Baseball History, 1885 through 1999. ISBN 0-7864-1003-5.
Further reading[link]
- Wishart, David J. ed. Encyclopedia of the Great Plains, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8032-4787-7. complete text online; 900 pages of scholarly articles
External links[link]
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| Matthew Roy Kenseth | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||||||
| Born | (1972-03-10) March 10, 1972 (age 40) Cambridge, Wisconsin, United States |
||||||
| Achievements | 2003 Winston Cup Series Champion International Race of Champions XXVIII Champion 2009 Daytona 500 Winner 2012 Daytona 500 Winner |
||||||
| Awards | 2000 Winston Cup Series Rookie of the Year | ||||||
| NASCAR Sprint Cup Series career | |||||||
| 448 race(s) run over 15 year(s) | |||||||
| Car no., team | No. 17 (Roush Fenway Racing) | ||||||
| 2011 position | 4th | ||||||
| Best finish | 1st – 2003 | ||||||
| First race | 1998 MBNA Gold 400 (Dover) | ||||||
| Last race | 2012 Coca-Cola 600 (Charlotte) | ||||||
| First win | 2000 Coca-Cola 600 (Charlotte) | ||||||
| Last win | 2012 Daytona 500 (Daytona) | ||||||
|
|||||||
| NASCAR Nationwide Series career | |||||||
| 248 race(s) run over 16 year(s) | |||||||
| 2011 position | 96th | ||||||
| Best finish | 2nd – 1998 | ||||||
| First race | 1996 Red Dog 300 (Charlotte) | ||||||
| Last race | 2011 Top Gear 300 (Charlotte) | ||||||
| First win | 1998 GM Goodwrench Service Plus 200 (Rockingham) | ||||||
| Last win | 2011 Top Gear 300 (Charlotte) | ||||||
|
|||||||
| NASCAR Canadian Tire Series career | |||||||
| 1 race(s) run over 1 year(s) | |||||||
| Best finish | 67th - 2002 | ||||||
| First race | 2002 Canada Day Shootout (Cayuga) | ||||||
| First win | 2002 Canada Day Shootout (Cayuga) | ||||||
|
|||||||
| Statistics current as of May 27, 2012. | |||||||
Matthew Roy "Matt" Kenseth (born March 10, 1972) is a NASCAR driver. He currently drives the No. 17 Ford Fusion in the Sprint Cup Series for Roush Fenway Racing.
Kenseth started racing on several short tracks in Wisconsin and he won track championships at Madison International Speedway, Slinger Super Speedway and Wisconsin International Raceway. He moved to the ARTGO, American Speed Association, and Hooters Late Model touring series before getting a full-time ride in the NASCAR Busch Series (now Nationwide Series) for his former Wisconsin short track rival Robbie Reiser. After finishing second and third in the Busch Series (now Nationwide Series), he moved up in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series (later NEXTEL Cup Series and now Sprint Cup Series). He won the series' Rookie of the Year title in 2000 and the championship in 2003. The International Race of Champions invited Kenseth to race in their 2004 season as the reigning champion and he won the season championship. In 2009, he won a rain-shortened Daytona 500. He repeated as Daytona 500 winner in 2012.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Kenseth was born in Cambridge, Wisconsin. He made an agreement with his father, Roy, that Roy should buy a car and race, and Matt would work on the car until he was old enough to race.[1] Kenseth began stock car racing in 1988 at the age of 16 at Madison International Speedway.[2] "My dad bought a car when I was 13 and raced it at Madison," Kenseth said. "Neither of us knew much and it was a learning experience. He continued to race in 1988 and 1989. My first car – what might be considered a sportsman – was a 1981 Camaro that Todd Kropf had driven to championships at Madison and Columbus 151 Speedway. On the third night out I won a feature. I ran 15 features in 1983 and won two of them."[2] "The first night out in the Kropf car Matt won a heat race," said Kenseth's father Roy. "The third night he won the feature by holding off two of the best drivers at the track, Pete Moore and Dave Phillips, for 20 laps. Matt was smooth. I knew then he was going to be a racer."[2] He ran for the points title on Saturday nights at Wisconsin Dells) in 1989. He finished second in points and won eight features.[2] On Friday nights, he ran about half of the races at Golden Sands Speedway and half at Columbus 151 Speedway.[2] In 1990, he bought a late model from Rich Bickle.[2] In the season-opening race at Slinger Super Speedway, Kenseth inherited the lead and won his only race of the season when track champion Tony Strupp had a flat tire.[2] He finished sixth in season points and won the track's rookie of the year award.[2] Kenseth entered fifteen ARTGO events that season and raced in 40 features that year.[2] After graduating from Cambridge High School that summer, Kenseth worked for four years selling and shipping parts for Left-hander Chassis, a late model racecar chassis manufacturer just south of Wisconsin in Illinois.[1] In 1991 he won the ARTGO race at La Crosse Fairgrounds Speedway to become the youngest winner in the series' history.[2] He passed Joe Shear and Steve Holzhausen, and held off Steve and Tom Carlson for the win.[2] 1992 was a difficult year for Kenseth. He won three races and blew up more engines than he could count.[2] He was ready to quit racing after the season.[2] "I felt we were at a standstill", he said. "I wasn't gaining. My dad and I had some major discussions at the end of the year. We had to find the dollars for a good program or I told him I would rather not race."[2] Kipley Performance loaned a motor to Kenseth for the season-final race at La Crosse and the team ran better.[2] Kenseth built a new car for 1993 using a Kipley engine.[2] He used the car at Madison to win eight features and finished second in the points.[2] Mike Butz offered Kenseth the chance to race his late model, and it took some time for the combination to stop struggling before they started winning features.[2] At the end of the season, they won the final short track series race at Madison, La Crosse, and I-70 Speedway.[2]
The 1994 and 1995 seasons established Kenseth as a short track star.[2] Kenseth made a name for himself while driving at several Wisconsin tracks, beating nationally known drivers such as Dick Trickle and Robbie Reiser. He raced 60 times in three different cars in 1994, winning track championships at both Wisconsin International Raceway (WIR) on Thursday nights and Madison on Friday nights.[2] Kenseth competed against Reiser at Madison, and won 12 of 17 features at the track.[2] He won the 1994 Slinger Nationals at Slinger Super Speedway.[1] In 1995, he repeated with back-to-back championships at Madison and WIR, plus he won the Red, White, and Blue state championship series at WIR on three Saturday nights.[2] Butz's wife Patty Butz said "We knew by 1995 that Matt had too much talent to be with us for very long."[2]
Kenseth decided to move across the country in 1996 to the Southern United States to race for engine builder Carl Wegner in the Hooters Series Late Model championship.[2] The plan was to run the Hooters Series, five NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series races, and five Busch Series (now Nationwide Series) before moving full-time into the Busch Series in 1997.[2] He finished third in the Hooters Series, nearly winning the series championship as a rookie.[2] In 1996, Kenseth made his Busch Series debut at the spring race at Lowe's Motor Speedway for Wegner, finishing 22nd after starting 30th in a car rented from Bobby Dotter.[2] Kenseth was disappointed because they were unable to attract major sponsorship.[2] "It was just like 1992", Kenseth said. "Plans just didn't work. I thought things would be different. Personally, I had moved and was adjusting to being a thousand miles from home."[2] At the end of the season, the Wegner/Kenseth team closed, and Kenseth found a ride for Gerry Gunderman's American Speed Association team, who was also Alan Kulwicki's last shop in Wisconsin before moving to NASCAR.[1] The team raced together for two races in 1997 before Kenseth received a telephone call from a former competitor.[2]
Nationwide Series[link]
In 1997, racer Tim Bender was injured, and Bender's crew chief/car owner Robbie Reiser hired his former competitor and rival Kenseth to race for him despite having only one Busch start.[2] Reiser said "Matt and I used to have some fierce races against each other. I needed someone who understood race cars the way I understood them. I knew he could drive and he could talk to me in a manner I could understand."[2] Kenseth qualified third for the new team's first race. He was racing in third place in the final laps when he spun and finished eleventh.[2] Kenseth qualified in 20th place for the next race at Talladega in his second time at a track big enough to have a significant draft.[2] He passed thirteen cars to finish seventh.[2] Kenseth had two Top 5 finishes during the partial season.[2] The following year he raced full-time all season. He won his first Busch Series race on February 22, 1998, when he nudged leader Tony Stewart's car entering the final turn of the final lap,[2] culmulating in a second- and third-place finishes in the Busch points. Kenseth drove the No. 17 Chevrolet sponsored first by Kraft, then Lycos, and most recently by DeWalt.
Kenseth won the last two races of the Busch season in 2006 driving the #17 Pennzoil Ford Fusion, at Phoenix and Homestead.
In 2007, Kenseth planned to run 23 Busch races to be sponsored by Arby's restaurants (13 races), Dish Network (five races), iLevel by Weyerhaeuser (four races), and Aflac (one race). Kenseth won the Stater Brothers 300 at California Speedway in February and the O'Reilly 300 at Texas Motor Speedway in April.
Kenseth broke an 18 race winless streak as he won the 2008 Nicorette 300 at the Atlanta Motor Speedway. Kenseth's 23rd career series victory came after the series was renamed the Nationwide Series. On lap 104 at the 2009 Aaron 312 on April 25, Kenseth took a wild ride flipping over 3.5 times, sliding on his roof, then completed a fourth flip. The car burst into flames, and Kenseth walked away.
Kenseth won the Diamond Hill Plywood 200 at Darlington Raceway in 2009. Kenseth led only the last four laps of the race – three of them under caution – after Busch had to pull into the pits due to a flat right-rear tire during the penultimate caution period and just as the race was about to get into a green-white-checkered finish.
On May 28, 2011 Kenseth won the Top Gear 300 at Charlotte. Kenseth, filling in for Trevor Bayne, passed Roush Fenway teammate Carl Edwards with two laps to go to win his only Nationwide Start of the 2011 season.
Sprint Cup Series[link]
Won at Daytona 2012 Kenseth made his Winston Cup series debut in 1998 at Dover, Del., filling in for Bill Elliott who was attending his father's funeral on the day of the race. He finished sixth, the third best debut of any driver. The last driver before Kenseth to debut with a top-10 finish was Rusty Wallace in 1980 with a second place finish in Atlanta.
2000–2005[link]
In 2000 Kenseth's entire team joined the Roush Racing organization, where they beat out Dale Earnhardt, Jr. to win the Raybestos Rookie of the Year. He won the Coca-Cola 600 at Charlotte, and is still the only rookie to win the famed 600 mile event. He went on to finish 14th in points with four top 5s and 11 top 10s.
In 2001 Kenseth finished 13th in points with four top 5s and nine top 10 finishes. Robbie Reiser and the DeWalt pit crew won the Unocal 76 World Pit Crew Competition.
In 2002 Kenseth won the most races (five) and one pole, but inconsistency caused him to finish eighth in the final points. His wins came at Rockingham, Texas, Michigan, Richmond and Phoenix. The DeWalt team won a second Unocal 76 World Pit Crew Competition.
In 2003 he dominated in the points standings for almost the entire season and became the 2003 NASCAR Winston Cup champion, the last driver to ever hold that title. In so doing, he also became only the second Wisconsinite to win the championship (the late Alan Kulwicki was the first, in 1992). Kenseth also had a series best 25 top 10 finishes.
- Began with a 20th-place finish in the Daytona 500, but quickly sped to the front. Fresh off his only win of the season at Las Vegas, Kenseth took the point standings lead after a fourth-place finish at Atlanta in the season’s fourth week. He never relinquished the top spot, remaining No. 1 for 33 consecutive weeks, and setting a new modern-era record for most weeks at No. 1. The previous mark was 30 weeks, set by the late Dale Earnhardt during his first title season of 1980.
- Clinched the 2003 series crown with a fourth-place finish at Rockingham on Nov. 9, in the season’s penultimate event. Finished with a 90-point margin over runner-up Jimmie Johnson.
- Displayed amazing consistency during his title run,spending 35 of 36 weeks in the NASCAR Top 10.Only week outside that elite group came after a 20th-place finish in the season-opening Daytona 500. Finished with one win, 11 top fives and a series-high 25 top-10 finishes.
- Became the fifth different champion in five years, and the third consecutive former Raybestos Rookie of the Year to win the series title.
In 2004 Kenseth won the International Race of Champions (IROC) championship. He qualified for the inaugural Nextel Cup, finished eighth in the final NASCAR point standings.Finished with two wins, those coming back-to-back early in the year at Rockingham and Las Vegas. His win at Rockingham was a photo finish with eventual Raybestos Rookie of the Year Kasey Kahne. He also won the All-Star Race. Began the 10-race Chase in fifth place and finished eighth. ... One of only four drivers to be ranked in the top 10 all season.
Kenseth started the 2005 season with relatively poor finishes but had a strong mid-season run. He rose from the 24th place in championship points after fourteen races to eighth after twenty six races, and he qualified for the Chase for the Cup. He finished seventh in the final points standings with one win coming at Bristol. Kenseth made his 200th career start. His totals after his first 200 starts were: 1 championship, 10 wins, 40 Top 5s, 85 Top 10s, 1 pole position, and more than $28.5 million earnings. He also led a career high 1,001 laps.
2006–2010[link]
Kenseth had a fast start to the 2006 season. He led early in the Daytona 500, but then spun out after contact with Tony Stewart. He fell down two laps, but rallied back to a 15th place finish. Kenseth won the following race at California Speedway. He was the points leader after the eighth race at Phoenix. He won the Dover spring race by racing from sixth to the front in the final 60 laps. He made the winning pass over teammate Jamie McMurray with three laps left. With the season winding down into the last dozen races, Kenseth won the Sharpie 500 at the Bristol Motor Speedway – securing his spot in the chase for the Nextel Cup. He finished the year with winnings of $9,524,966, his take for second place.Only spent one week outside the top 10 (finished 15th in seasonopening Daytona 500). ... Was either first or second in points for 27 of 36 weeks. ... Led 1,132 laps, second among all drivers.
In the second race of the 2007 season Kenseth won the Auto Club 500 at California Speedway. After Jeff Gordon wrecked out of the Coca-Cola 600, Kenseth was left as the only driver to complete every lap this season until he was wrecked out of the Citizens Bank 400 at Michigan where Ryan Newman was trying to get one of his 3 laps back. The wreck also ended Kenseth's streak of 13 consecutive top-15's this season. Kenseth won the Ford 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway on November 18, 2007. The race was the final event under series title sponsor NEXTEL, and the final race using the templates originally based on the 1964 Holman Moody Ford Fairlane template.Finished fourth in series points. ... Finished in the top 10 in the standings for six consecutive seasons, tied with Jimmie Johnson for the most. ... Won two races – Auto Club (February) and Homestead. Won at least one race in six consecutive seasons. ... Led a lap in 20 different races, leading the most in four of them.
In 2008 Finished 11th in series points. Top finish was second at Dover on Sept. 21. Had five top-10 finishes during the Chase. Ended streaks of winning at least one race in six consecutive seasons and finishing in the top 10 in the standings in six consecutive seasons.
In 2007, Kenseth finished fourth in the point standings in the NEXTEL Cup Series. Kenseth won two races, the Auto Club 500 and the Ford 400, and earned $6,485,630 in winnings. he also won an additional 100,000 dollars from his sponsor, Safeway
Kenseth started toward the back for the Daytona 500 and worked his way to the lead and led 2 laps, but soon after his own teammate, David Ragan, would squeeze him into the wall, knocking both out of contention and resulting in a finish of 36th.
In the Goody's Cool Orange 500 Kenseth started 28th, but finished 31st. Kenseth was held a lap for pitting outside of his box early, but later was spun out by David Gilliland and was held for 2 laps for intentionally wrecking him back. Despite that, Gilliland finished 24th.
Kenseth failed to win a race in the 2008 season for first time since 2001. Matt Kenseth won the rain shortened 2009 Daytona 500, passing Elliott Sadler mere moments before the caution came out on lap 146 as the result of an accident on the backstretch between Aric Almirola and Sam Hornish, Jr.. The red flag was later waved and subsequent end of the race, 152 laps in, followed, giving Kenseth his first Daytona 500 victory, and the first Daytona 500 Victory for his owner Jack Roush after 20 years as a car owner.[3] He led only 1 green flag lap (of 7 laps led), after starting the race in 43rd. It was Kenseth's tenth attempt at "The Great American Race".[4]
Kenseth won the second race of the season, the (Auto Club 500), to become the fourth driver in NASCAR history to follow up a win at the Daytona 500 with another win the following race.[5] Kenseth's bids for a third straight victory went south after engine failure at Las Vegas Motor Speedway
Kenseth flipped his car during the April Nationwide Series Race at Talladega. Kenseth won in the Nationwide series for his 24th win at Darlington. He also won the pole at Darlington in the Sprint Cup Series, setting a new track record in the process.
It was announced before the Indianapolis race that DeWalt was going to drop its sponsorship with Kenseth. Crown Royal will take over its sponsorship in 2010 for 35 races. Valvoline has announced sponsorship for another 3 races. (Includes non-points races)
After finishing 25th at the Chevy Rock and Roll 400 at Richmond, Kenseth was bumped out of the Chase by Brian Vickers. This will leave Jimmie Johnson as the only driver to have made the Chase every time since its inception in 2004.
In 2010, Following the Daytona 500 Drew Blickenderfer was released from his duties as crew chief of the #17 team. Todd Parrott was announced as his replacement. Later in the year Parrott was replaced by Jimmy Fennig.
2011-2012[link]
On March 4, 2011 Kenseth captured his fifth pole of his career setting a new track record at Las Vegas Motor Speedway.
On April 9, 2011, Kenseth snapped 76 race winless streak at Texas Motor Speedway by winning the race.
On May 15, 2011, Kenseth tamed the concrete monster, winning the Fedex 400 benefitting Autism Speaks at Dover International Speedway. For most of the day it appeared as Carl Edwards and Jimmie Johnson had the cars to beat. On a late caution, Kenseth and crew chief Jimmy Fennig called an audible in the pits and decided to go with two tires instead of the four. That proved to be all the difference as Kenseth won for the second time in 5 races.
On October 15, 2011 Kenseth won the Bank of America 500 at Charlotte Motor Speedway for his third win of the season. Kenseth's 2nd Championship hopes went south after several altercations with Brian Vickers. This later carried on into Phoenix where Kenseth was officially knocked out of the championship. He finished 4th in points behind Stewart, Edwards, and Harvick.
On February 28th, 2012 Kenseth won the 2012 Daytona 500.[6]
Criticism[link]
After the 2003 season, Kenseth's championship became a source of controversy and criticism. Critics of the Sprint Cup points system, most notably Roger Penske, pointed out the flaw in having a driver who won only one race out of 36 winning a championship. Additionally, the fact that Kenseth led the points standings for an unprecedented 33 weeks despite only having the one victory, as well as already having clinched the Sprint Cup title with one week to go in the season (rendering the final race in essence a non-event) led to discussions on how to prevent Kenseth's feat from happening again.
As a result, 2004 saw the implementation of a new points and playoffs system titled "The Chase for the Nextel Cup" after Winston was replaced as primary sponsor of NASCAR's top series by NEXTEL. In essence, the system created a 10 race playoff, with only the top-10 drivers in points after the first 26 races competing for the championship. Moreover, the system placed an emphasis, and a points premium, on wins. As a result, the term "The Matt Kenseth Rule" was coined to describe NASCAR's adoption of the current points system. NASCAR acknowledged that the 2003 championship outcome was not the driving factor in establishment of The Chase, as it had been researching methods to adjust the points system to put more emphasis on winning races since 2000. However, the coincidence of the commencement of the new format in 2004 and Kenseth's 2003 championship linked the issues, and were even referred to by NASCAR officials in the interviews and press releases following the announcement of the new format.
Personal life[link]
In 2000, Kenseth married Katie Martin, also from Cambridge. Kenseth has a son named Ross from a previous relationship. Matt and Katie's daughter Kaylin Nicola was born July 6, 2009.[7] Ross raced a legends car for one year in Wisconsin before starting in limited late model racing as a 14 year old.[8] As a 16-year-old, Ross won the 2009 championship in the Big 8 Series, a late model touring series in Wisconsin and northern Illinois.[9] He qualified the second fastest for the Snowball Derby in December 2009.[10]
Roush Fenway Racing hired Kenny Wallace to stand by at Daytona, as Katie was expecting her second child. Grace Katherine Kenseth was born February 22, 2011.
Matt and Katie have four cats, one named Lars after Lars Ulrich of Metallica (Kenseth's favorite band), one named Charlotte after the site of Kenseth's first Sprint Cup win, and the most recent additions, two kittens, one named Miley and one named Sulley. The Kenseth cats have been featured in NASCAR pets calendars to raise money and awareness for Humane Societies and animal charities. Kenseth has also been featured on a READ poster for the American Library Association. In addition, he is a licensed private pilot with multi-engine and instrument ratings. The Kenseths currently reside in North Carolina.[citation needed]
Kenseth operates a racing museum in his hometown of Cambridge which features cars, trophies, firesuits, helmets, and other memorabilia from his amateur and professional career. The museum features one of his early stock cars, the car where he won his first Busch race, and the car in which he clinched the 2003 Sprint Cup. His sister, Kelley Maruszewski, manages the museum and its retail store while also running his official Fan Club.[citation needed]
Career NASCAR Sprint Cup Statistics[link]
| Year | Races | Wins | Poles | Top 5 | Top 10 | DNF | Avg. Finish | Avg. Start | Winnings | Season Rank | Team(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 6.0 | 16.0 | $42,340 | 57th | Bill Elliott Racing |
| 1999 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 26.0 | 22.6 | $143,561 | 49th | Roush Racing |
| 2000 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 11 | 3 | 18.9 | 25.2 | $2,408,138 | 14th | Roush Racing |
| 2001 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 18.6 | 27.8 | $2,565,579 | 13th | Roush Racing |
| 2002 | 36 | 5 | 1 | 11 | 19 | 3 | 15.6 | 18.1 | $4,514,203 | 8th | Roush Racing |
| 2003 | 36 | 1 | 2 | 11 | 25 | 2 | 10.2 | 21.3 | $9,422,764 | 1st | Roush Racing |
| 2004 | 36 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 16 | 6 | 15.7 | 21.7 | $7,405,309 | 8th | Roush Racing |
| 2005 | 36 | 1 | 2 | 12 | 17 | 4 | 15.4 | 17.0 | $7,034,134 | 7th | Roush Racing |
| 2006 | 36 | 4 | 1 | 15 | 21 | 1 | 9.8 | 14.6 | $9,544,966 | 2nd | Roush Racing |
| 2007 | 36 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 22 | 4 | 13.0 | 19.9 | $8,624,816 | 4th | Roush Fenway Racing |
| 2008 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 20 | 3 | 16.4 | 16.5 | $6,494,526 | 11th | Roush Fenway Racing |
| 2009 | 36 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 12 | 2 | 15.4 | 21.4 | $7,892,067 | 14th | Roush Fenway Racing |
| 2010 | 36 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 15 | 0 | 12.8 | 19.4 | $7,171,082 | 5th | Roush Fenway Racing |
| 2011 | 36 | 3 | 3 | 12 | 20 | 3 | 12.2 | 14.2 | $6,062,509 | 4th | Roush Fenway Racing |
| Totals | 436 | 21 | 7 | 113 | 209 | 39 | 14.6 | 19.8 | $79,325,994 | ||
Data as of November 21, 2011.[11]
References[link]
- ^ a b c d Dave Kallmann (November 6, 2003). "Title tracks: Kulwicki, Kenseth: two roads to top". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929124023/http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=182862. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al Grubba, Dale (2000). The Golden Age of Wisconsin Auto Racing. Oregon, Wisconsin: Badger Books. pp. 229–232. ISBN 1-878569-67-8.
- ^ "Jack Roush earns first Daytona 500 win in career as car owner". CBS Sports. http://www.scenedaily.com/news/articles/sprintcupseries/Jack_Roush_earns_first_Daytona_500_win_in_career_as_car_owner.html.
- ^ "Kenseth wins Daytona 500 after rain shortens race". NASCAR. 2009-02-15. http://www.nascar.com/2009/news/headlines/cup/02/15/post-race.mkenseth.wins.daytona.500/index.html.
- ^ Spencer, Lee (February 23, 2009). "The Hot Pass: Team lifts Kenseth to win". Fox Sports. http://msn.foxsports.com/nascar/story/9254488/The-Hot-Pass:-Team-lifts-Kenseth-to-win. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ Jensen, Tom (February 28, 2012). "Kenseth Wins Longest 500". SPEED Channel. Fox Sports. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bN-Q6B8p4GM&feature=related. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
- ^ "It's a Girl!". Official website. 2009-07-06. http://www.mattkenseth.com/. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
- ^ Columbus 151 Speedway 2007 Racing Program, August 24, 2007, Retrieved September 1, 2007
- ^ Kuehne, Jordan (2009-10-10). "Kenseth Closes Historic Season with Oktoberfest Victory, Big 8 Series Championship". Big 8 Series. http://speedthrills.big8series.com/node/135. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
- ^ Secola, Jamie (2009-12-05). "Sons of two NASCAR drivers make their marks at Five Flags". Pensacola News Journal. http://www.pnj.com/article/200912050100/SPORTS/912050332. Retrieved 7 December 2009. [dead link]
- ^ Racing Reference Info
External links[link]
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Wikinews has related news: Matt Kenseth wins 2011 NASCAR Samsung Mobile 500 |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Matt Kenseth |
- Official website
- Matt Kenseth at Racing Reference
| Sporting positions | ||
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| Preceded by Tony Stewart |
NASCAR Winston Cup Champion 2003 |
Succeeded by Kurt Busch |
| Preceded by Kurt Busch |
IROC Champion IROC XXVIII (2004) |
Succeeded by Mark Martin |
| Achievements | ||
| Preceded by Tony Stewart |
NASCAR Rookie of the Year 2000 |
Succeeded by Kevin Harvick |
| Preceded by Ryan Newman |
Daytona 500 Winner 2009 |
Succeeded by Jamie McMurray |
| Preceded by Trevor Bayne |
Daytona 500 Winner 2012 |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Kenseth, Matt |
| Alternative names | Kenseth, Matthew Roy (full name) |
| Short description | American stock car racing driver |
| Date of birth | March 10, 1972 |
| Place of birth | Cambridge, Wisconsin, USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Lady Gaga | |
|---|---|
 Lady Gaga performing on The Monster Ball Tour in 2010 |
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| Background information | |
| Birth name | Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta |
| Born | (1986-03-28) March 28, 1986 (age 26) New York, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, dance, electronic |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, performance artist, record producer, dancer, businesswoman, activist |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano, keyboards |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels | Def Jam, Cherrytree, Streamline, Kon Live, Interscope |
| Website |
 Lady Gaga's signature |
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (/ˈstɛfəniː dʒʌrməˈnɑːtə/ STE-fə-nee jurr-mə-NAH-tə; born March 28, 1986), known by her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American singer and songwriter. Born and raised in New York City, she primarily studied at the Convent of the Sacred Heart and briefly attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before withdrawing to focus on her musical career. She began performing in the rock music scene of Manhattan's Lower East Side, and was signed with Streamline Records by the end of 2007. During her employment as a songwriter for the record company, her vocal abilities captured the attention of recording artist Akon, who signed her to his label Kon Live Distribution.
Lady Gaga came to prominence as a recording artist following the release of her debut album The Fame (2008), which was a critical and commercial success that topped charts around the world and included the international number-one singles "Just Dance" and "Poker Face". After embarking on the The Fame Ball Tour, she followed the album with The Fame Monster (2009), which spawned the worldwide hit singles "Bad Romance", "Telephone" and "Alejandro". The album's success allowed her to embark on the eighteen-month long Monster Ball Tour, which later became one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time. Her most recent album Born This Way (2011) topped the charts of most major markets and generated more international chart-topping singles, including "Born This Way", "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory". Besides her musical career, she involves herself with humanitarian causes and LGBT activism.
Influenced by David Bowie, Michael Jackson, Madonna and Queen, Lady Gaga is recognized for her flamboyant, diverse and outré contributions to the music industry through her fashion, performances and music videos. She has sold an estimated 23 million albums and 64 million singles worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time and her singles are some of the best selling worldwide.[1] Her achievements include five Grammy Awards and 13 MTV Video Music Awards. Lady Gaga has consecutively appeared on Billboard magazine's Artists of the Year (scoring the definitive title in 2010), ranked fourth in VH1's list of 100 Greatest Women in Music, is regularly placed on lists composed by Forbes magazine and was named one of the most influential people in the world by Time magazine.[2][3] In 2012, Gaga was ranked at number four on Billboard's list of top moneymakers of 2011, grossing more than $25 million.[4]
Contents |
Biography[link]
1986–2004: Early life[link]
Lady Gaga was born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta on March 28, 1986 in New York City to parents Cynthia (née Bissett) and Joseph Germanotta, an Internet entrepreneur.[5][6] Descending from Italian and more distant French-Canadian roots, Gaga is the elder of two children.[7][8] Her sister, Natali, a fashion student, was born in 1992.[9][10] Despite her seemingly affluent upbringing in the family home in Manhattan's Upper West Side, Gaga has stressed that she did not come from a wealthy background, stating that her parents "both came from lower-class families, so we've worked for everything—my mother worked eight to eight out of the house, in telecommunications, and so did my father."[11][12]
From the age of 11, Gaga – who was raised Roman Catholic – attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private all-girls Roman Catholic school on Manhattan's Upper East Side.[13][14][15] She described her academic life in high school as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure": "I used to get made fun of for being either too provocative or too eccentric, so I started to tone it down. I didn't fit in, and I felt like a freak."[16][17] Acquaintances dispute that she did not fit in at school. "She had a core group of friends; she was a good student. She liked boys a lot, but singing was No. 1," recalled a former high school classmate.[18] Gaga began playing the piano at the age of 4, went on to write her first piano ballad at 13, and started to perform at open mike nights by the age of 14.[19][20] Her passion for musical theatre brought her lead roles in high school productions, including Adelaide in Guys and Dolls and Philia in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum.[21] She also appeared in a very small role as a mischievous classmate in the television drama series The Sopranos in a 2001 episode titled "The Telltale Moozadell" in addition to unsuccessfully auditioning for parts in New York shows.[11][22]
When her time at the Convent of the Sacred Heart came to an end, her mother encouraged her to apply for the Collaborative Arts Project 21 (CAP21), a musical theatre training conservatory at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.[11] After becoming one of twenty students to gain early admission, she eventually lived in an NYU dorm on 11th Street by the age of 17.[21] CAP21 prepared her for her future career focus in "music, art, sex and celebrity" where, in addition to sharpening her songwriting skills, she composed essays and analytical papers on art, religion, social issues and politics, including a thesis on pop artists Spencer Tunick and Damien Hirst.[20][23][24] With CAP21, she also tried out for and won auditions, including the part of an unsuspecting diner customer for MTV's Boiling Points, a prank reality television show.[11][25] But Gaga felt more creative than some of her classmates. "Once you learn how to think about art, you can teach yourself," she said.
2005–07: Career beginnings[link]
Gaga withdrew from CAP21 at 19, in the second semester of her sophomore year, deciding to focus on her musical career.[26] Her father agreed to pay her rent for a year, on the condition that she re-enroll at Tisch if unsuccessful. "I left my entire family, got the cheapest apartment I could find, and ate shit until somebody would listen," she remembers.[21] Settled in a small apartment on Rivington Street towards the summer of 2005, Gaga recorded a couple of songs with hip-hop singer Grandmaster Melle Mel, for an audio book accompanying the children's book The Portal in the Park, by Cricket Casey.[11][27] She also began a band called the Stefani Germanotta Band (SGBand) with some friends from NYU – guitarist Calvin Pia, bassist Eli Silverman, drummer Alex Beckham and booking manager Frank Fredericks – in September of that year.[11][21] The band played a mixture of songs: some self-penned alongside classic rock numbers like Led Zeppelin's "D'yer Mak'er".[11] Playing in bars like the Greenwich Village's The Bitter End and the Lower East Side's the Mercury Lounge, the band developed a small fan base and caught the eye of music producer Joe Vulpis.[11] Soon after arranging time in Vulpis' studio in the months that followed, SGBand were selling their extended plays Words and Red and Blue (both 2005) at gigs around New York while becoming a local fixture of the downtown Lower East Side club scene.[21]
SGBand reached their career peak at the 2006 Songwriters Hall of Fame New Songwriters Showcase at The Cutting Room in June where Wendy Starland, a musician, appeared as a talent scout for music producer Rob Fusari. Starland informed Fusari – who was searching for a female singer to front a new band – of Gaga's ability and contacted her. With SGBand disbanded, Gaga traveled daily to New Jersey to work on songs she had written and compose new material with the music producer.[11] While in collaboration, Fusari compared some of her vocal harmonies to those of Freddie Mercury, lead singer of Queen.[28] It was Fusari who helped create the moniker Gaga after the Queen song "Radio Ga Ga". Gaga was in the process of trying to come up with a stage name when she received a text message from Fusari that read "Lady Gaga."[29] He explained, "Every day, when Stef came to the studio, instead of saying hello, I would start singing 'Radio Ga Ga'. That was her entrance song" and that the text message was the result of a predictive text glitch that changed "radio" to "lady". She texted back, "That's it," and declared, "Don't ever call me Stefani again."[29][30] The New York Post, however, has reported that this story is incorrect, and that the name resulted from a marketing meeting.[18]
Although the musical relationship between Fusari and Gaga was unsuccessful at first, the pair soon set up a company titled Team Lovechild in which they recorded and produced electropop tracks and sent them to music industry bosses.[11] Joshua Sarubin, the head of A&R at Def Jam Recordings, responded positively and vied for the record company to take a chance on her "unusual and provocative" performance. After having his boss Antonio "L.A." Reid in agreement, Gaga was signed to Def Jam in September 2006 with the intention of having an album ready in nine months.[11] However, she was dropped by the label after only three months – an unfortunate period of her life that would later inspire her treatment for the music video for her 2011 single "Marry the Night".[31][32] Devastated, Gaga returned to the solace of the family home for Christmas and the nightlife culture of the Lower East Side.[11]
She became increasingly experimental: fascinating herself with emerging neo-burlesque shows, go-go dancing at bars dressed in little more than a bikini in addition to experimenting with drugs.[11][14] Her father, however, did not understand the reason behind her drug intake and could not look at her for several months.[14][30] "I was onstage in a thong, with a fringe hanging over my ass thinking that had covered it, lighting hairsprays on fire, go-go dancing to Black Sabbath and singing songs about oral sex. The kids would scream and cheer and then we'd all go grab a beer. It represented freedom to me. I went to a Catholic school but it was on the New York underground that I found myself."[23] It was then when she became romantically involved with a heavy metal drummer in a relationship and break-up she likened to the musical film Grease: "I was his Sandy, and he was my Danny, and I just broke." He later became an inspiration behind some of her later songs.[33]
During this time, she met performance artist Lady Starlight, who helped mold her on-stage persona.[34] Starlight explained that, upon their first meeting, Gaga wanted to perform with her to songs she had recorded with Fusari. Like SGBand, the pair soon began performing at many of the downtown club venues like the Mercury Lounge, The Bitter End, and the Rockwood Music Hall. Their live performance art piece was known as "Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue" and, billed as "The Ultimate Pop Burlesque Rockshow", was a low-fi tribute to 1970s variety acts.[35][36] Soon after, the two were invited to play at the 2007 Lollapalooza music festival in August that year.[37] The show was critically acclaimed, and their performance received positive reviews.[20][35] Having initially focused on avant-garde electronic dance music, Gaga had found her musical niche when she began to incorporate pop melodies and the glam rock of David Bowie and Queen into her music.[38]
While Gaga and Starlight were busy performing, producer Rob Fusari continued to work on the songs he had created with Gaga. Fusari sent these songs to his friend, producer and record executive Vincent Herbert.[39] Herbert was quick to sign her to his label Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records, upon its establishment in 2007.[40] Gaga later credited Herbert as the man who discovered her, adding "I really feel like we made pop history, and we're gonna keep going."[39] Having served as an apprentice songwriter under an internship at Famous Music Publishing, which was later acquired by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, Gaga subsequently struck a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV.[41] As a result, she was hired to write songs for Britney Spears and labelmates New Kids on the Block, Fergie, and the Pussycat Dolls.[41] At Interscope, singer-songwriter Akon recognized her vocal abilities when she sang a reference vocal for one of his tracks in studio.[42] Akon then convinced Interscope-Geffen-A&M Chairman and CEO Jimmy Iovine to form a joint deal by having her also sign with his own label Kon Live, making her his "franchise player."[31][43]
As 2007 came to a close, her former management company introduced her to songwriter and producer RedOne, whom they also managed.[44] The first song she produced with RedOne was "Boys Boys Boys", a mash-up inspired by Mötley Crüe's "Girls, Girls, Girls" and AC/DC's "T.N.T.".[30][44] Gaga continued her collaboration with RedOne in the recording studio for a week on her debut album and also joined the roster of Cherrytree Records, an Interscope imprint established by producer and songwriter Martin Kierszenbaum, after co-writing four songs with Kierszenbaum including the singles "Christmas Tree" and "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)".[41] Despite her secure record deal, she admitted that there was fear about her being too "racy", "dance-orientated" and "underground" for the mainstream market. Her response: "My name is Lady Gaga, I've been on the music scene for years, and I'm telling you, this is what's next."[15]
[edit] 2008–10: The Fame and The Fame Monster
By 2008, Gaga had relocated to Los Angeles in order to work extensively with her record label to complete her debut album and set up her own creative team Haus of Gaga, modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory.[30][45] The Fame was first released on August 19, 2008 to slow radio play. Gaga supported it by performing around Europe and in small gay clubs around the US in addition to being billed as a supporting artist on the North American leg of New Kids on the Block's reunion concert tour.[46][47] A sleeper hit, lead single "Just Dance" had preceded the album's release by four months but only hit the summit of the international charts in January 2009, provoking the instant success of the album, earning her first Grammy Award nomination (for Best Dance Recording) and becoming one of the best-selling singles worldwide.[46][48] Gaga achieved a greater unexpected success when "Poker Face", another sleeper hit, reached number one in most major music markets worldwide in early 2009, selling 9.8 million singles worldwide.[49][50] The follow-up single won the award for Best Dance Recording at the 52nd Grammy Awards over nominations for Song of the Year and Record of the Year.
The Fame itself was nominated for Album of the Year while winning Best Dance/Electronica Album at the same ceremony.[51] Contemporary critics lauded the album, describing it as an exploration of her obsession with fame and the intricacies of a rich and famous lifestyle, noting its combination of genres "from Def Leppard drums and hand claps to metal drums on urban tracks", the inspiration drawn from 1980s synthpop and incorporation of dance music with clear hooks.[31] The Fame went to number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK and appeared in the top five in Australia, the US and 15 other countries.[52][53] It also stayed atop the Dance/Electronic Albums chart for 106 non-consecutive weeks and, since its release, has sold over 12 million copies worldwide.[54] The album's success spawned many 2009 honors including Billboard magazine's Rising Star award and the accumulation of 3 of 9 MTV Video Music Awards nominations, winning Best New Artist with the video for her single "Paparazzi" gaining Best Art Direction and Best Special Effects.[55][56] In addition to being an opening act on the Pussycat Dolls' Doll Domination Tour during the first half of 2009 in Europe and Oceania, she also embarked on her own six-month critically appreciated worldwide concert tour The Fame Ball Tour which ran from March to September 2009.[57][58]
While she traveled the globe, she wrote The Fame Monster, an EP of eight songs released in November 2009. Each song, dealing with the darker side of fame from personal experience, is expressed through a monster metaphor. Making Gaga the first artist in digital history to have three singles (alongside "Just Dance" and "Poker Face") to pass the four million mark in digital sales, its lead single "Bad Romance" topped the charts in eighteen countries and reached the top two in the US, Australia and New Zealand while accruing the Grammy Awards for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Best Short Form Music Video.[59] The second single "Telephone", which features singer Beyoncé, was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals and became Gaga's fourth UK number one single; its accompanying music video, although controversial, received positive reception from contemporary critics who praised her for "the musicality and showmanship of Michael Jackson and the powerful sexuality and provocative instincts of Madonna."[60][61] Her following single "Alejandro" paired Gaga with fashion photographer Steven Klein for a music video similarly as controversial – critics complimented its ideas and dark nature but the Catholic League attacked Gaga for her alleged use of blasphemy.[62] Despite the controversy surrounding her music videos, they made Gaga the first artist to gain over one billion viral views on video-sharing website YouTube.[63] At the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga won 8 of her 13 nominations, including Video of the Year for "Bad Romance" (with "Telephone" also nominated), which made her the first female artist to be nominated twice for the award.[64][65] In addition, The Fame Monster garnered a total of six nominations at the 53rd Grammy Awards – equating to the amount of Grammy nominations her debut received – winning Best Pop Vocal Album and earning her a second-consecutive nomination for Album of the Year.[66][67]
The success of the album allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, just weeks after the release of The Fame Monster and months after having finished The Fame Ball Tour.[68] Upon finishing in May 2011, the critically acclaimed and commercially accomplished tour ran for over one and a half years and grossed $227.4 million, making it one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time and the highest-grossing for a debut headlining artist.[69] Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for a HBO television special titled Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden. The special accrued one of its five Emmy Award nominations and has since been released on DVD and Blu-ray.[70] Gaga also performed songs from the album at international events such as the 2009 Royal Variety Performance where she sang "Speechless", a power ballad, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II; the 52nd Grammy Awards where her opening performance consisted of the song "Poker Face" and a piano duet of "Speechless" in a medley of "Your Song" with Elton John; and the 2010 BRIT Awards where a performance of an acoustic rendition of "Telephone" followed by "Dance in the Dark" dedicated to the late fashion designer and close friend, Alexander McQueen, supplemented her hat-trick win at the awards ceremony.[71] Other performances may have included her participation in Michael Jackson's This Is It concert series at London's O2 Arena. "I was actually asked to open for Michael on his tour," she stated. "We were going to open for him at the O2 and we were working on making it happen. I believe there was some talk about us, lots of the openers, doing duets with Michael on stage."[72]
In 2009 she collaborated with consumer electronic company Monster Cable Products to create a pair of in-ear jewel-encrusted headphones titled Heartbeats. "They are designed to be the first ever fashion accessories that double as the absolute best sonically sounding headphones in the world," she commented.[73] Gaga also partnered with Polaroid in January 2010 as their Creative Director.[74] Excited about "blending the iconic history of Polaroid and instant film with the digital era," Gaga unveiled the first trio of new products called Grey Label: a pair of picture-taking sunglasses, a paperback-sized mobile printing unit and an updated version of the traditional Polaroid camera at the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show.[75] But her collaboration with past producer Rob Fusari led to her production team, Mermaid Music LLC, being sued in March 2010 when he claimed that he was entitled to a 20% share of the company's earnings. Gaga's lawyer, Charles Ortner, described the agreement with Fusari as "unlawful" and declined to comment, but five months later, the New York Supreme Court dismissed both the lawsuit and a countersuit by Gaga.[76][77] In addition to such strife, Gaga was tested borderline positive for lupus, but claimed not to be affected by the symptoms. The revelations caused considerable dismay among fans, leading to Gaga addressing the matter in an interview with Larry King, saying she hopes to avoid symptoms by maintaining a healthy lifestyle.[78][79]
[edit] 2011–present: Born This Way
Gaga released her second studio album and third major release, Born This Way, on May 23, 2011. Described as a marriage of electronic music with metal, rock 'n' roll, pop and anthemic style melodies with sledge-hammering dance beats and referred to as an album "about what what keeps us up at night and what makes us afraid," Gaga characterized it as "something so much deeper than a wig or lipstick or a fucking meat dress" and, upon hearing it, Akon remarked that she is taking music to the "next level."[80][81] Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its range of different styles and her vocals.[82][83] Born This Way sold 1.108 million copies in its first week in the US, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and topped the charts in more than 20 other countries.[84] In addition to exceeding 8 million copies in worldwide sales, Born This Way received 3 Grammy Award nominations, including her third consecutive for Album of the Year.[85]
In the months prior to its unveiling, Gaga released the singles "Born This Way", "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory" alongside promotional single "Hair". The eponymous lead single, first sung live at the 53rd Grammy Awards in a performance that saw Gaga emerge from an egg-like vessel, deals with self-acceptance regardless of race or sexual orientation. The single debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the 19th number-one debut and the 1,000th number-one single in the history of the charts.[86] It sold more than 3 million digital copies in the US by October 2011, becoming her eighth consecutive single to exceed sales of 2 million and, with worldwide sales of 8.2 million copies by November 2011, one of her five best-selling singles worldwide.[87] Critics noted artistic and cultural references and praised the concept of the song's accompanying music video, in which Gaga gives birth to a new race amidst surrealistic images.[88][89] The video for "Judas", in which Gaga portrays Mary Magdalene, and Biblical figures such as Jesus Christ and Judas Iscariot are also featured, was criticized for its religious references but received acclaim for its overall delivery and praise from others who claimed that there was nothing offensive about it.[90] "Judas" also peaked within the top ten in several major musical markets, while "The Edge of Glory", first a commercial success in digital outlets, was later released as a single to critical appreciation, accompanied by a video which was notably stripped down from her usually "extravagant" efforts.[91][92] She released "You and I" and "Marry the Night" as the following singles from Born This Way. Although their "crazy and ambitious" videos were praised for their audacity, both songs failed to match the similar international success that their predecessors achieved.[93]
Gaga continued her musical endeavors by pairing with veteran artists like Tony Bennett to record a jazz version of "The Lady Is a Tramp".[94] She also recorded a duet with Cher on a "massive" and "beautiful" track, which Gaga "wrote a long time ago, and I've never put it on one of my own albums for, really, no particular reason."[95] Gaga also lent her vocals to an original duet with Elton John for the animated feature film Gnomeo & Juliet. The song, "Hello, Hello", was released without Gaga's vocals but the duet version features in the film.[96][97] She also continued her live appearances throughout 2011, performing a one-of-a-kind concert at the Sydney Town Hall on July 13 in promotion of Born This Way and at the celebration of former US president Bill Clinton's 65th birthday, wearing a blond wig as a nod to the famous performance of Marilyn Monroe for John F. Kennedy and changing the lyrics to "You and I" specifically for the performance.[98] Televised appearances comprised her own Thanksgiving Day television special entitled A Very Gaga Thanksgiving which was critically lauded, attained 5.749 million American viewers, and spawned the release of her fourth extended play A Very Gaga Holiday.[99] Her second performance on Saturday Night Live saw her singing a selection of Born This Way songs alongside appearing in number of sketches with Justin Timberlake and Andy Samberg.[100] In March 2012, Gaga was ranked at number four on Billboard's list of top moneymakers of 2011, grossing $25,353,039 dollars, which includes sales from Born This Way and her Monster Ball Tour.[4]
In early 2012, Gaga stated that songs for a new album were "beginning to flourish" as she worked with producer Fernando Garibay, while the accompanying tour for Born This Way was materializing.[101][102] Gaga's manager, Vincent Herbert, revealed that Gaga will is working on her upcoming album during the tour, stating that the material is "insane, great records."[103] The Born This Way Ball Tour began on April 27, 2012, at the Olympic Stadium in Seoul, South Korea.[104] The tour was met with protests from several religious groups who denounced the tour as satanic and against religious values, resulting in protests mainly from the Islamic Defenders Front, causing a cancellation in the Indonesian city of Jakarta, where Gaga was denied a license to perform. The concert however was still in question as concert promoters were optimistic that the performance will in fact go on. However, due to threats of violence from Muslim hardliners, Gaga decided to cancel the concert although 52,000 tickets have sold out in just a few days.[105][106][107] On May 20, 2012, Gaga guest-starred on the 23rd season finale of The Simpsons entitled "Lisa Goes Gaga".[108]
Artistry[link]
Influences[link]
Gaga's parents, who exposed her to artists like The Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, The Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin and Elton John had significant influence on her childhood and, presently, still do.[109] "I am a real family girl. When it comes to love and loyalty, I am very old-fashioned. And I am quite down-to-earth for such an eccentric person," she insists.[110] "I'm quite traditional in the family sense. I've always been that way."[109] According to Gaga, Joanne Germanotta – her aunt who died of lupus aged 19 – lives on through her and inspires all of her music and art.[111] Joanne's date of death is tattooed on Gaga's body and, despite dying 12 years before her birth, Gaga commented, "I really believe I have two hearts. I think I actually carry two souls in my body, and that I'm living out the rest of her life and her goodness – she died a virgin, she died never having experienced all these things that we all get to love and experience in our lives."[112] Another spiritual influence on Gaga has been the Indian physician, public speaker and writer Deepak Chopra. Labeling him a "true inspiration", she stated that "he's always reminded me to work in a life of service to my fans and to fulfill my vision and my destiny" in addition to thinking about Chopra when it comes to her work as a musician: "I want so much for it to go beyond the music for my fans."[113]
Musically, Gaga takes influence from numerous musicians from dance-pop singers like Madonna and Michael Jackson to glam rock artists like David Bowie and Queen whilst employing the theatrics of artists like Andy Warhol and of her musical theatre roots in performance.[31][114][115] The Queen song "Radio Ga Ga" inspired her stage name: "I adored Freddie Mercury and Queen had a hit called 'Radio Gaga'. That's why I love the name [...] Freddie was unique—one of the biggest personalities in the whole of pop music," she commented.[18][114][116] Gaga receives regular comparisons to recording artist Madonna who admits that she sees herself reflected in Gaga.[117] In response to the comparisons, Gaga stated, "I don't want to sound presumptuous, but I've made it my goal to revolutionize pop music. The last revolution was launched by Madonna 25 years ago" in addition to commenting that "there is really no one that is a more adoring and loving Madonna fan than me. I am the hugest fan personally and professionally."[114][118] Like Madonna, Gaga has continued to reinvent herself and, over the years of her career, has drawn musical inspiration from a diverse mix of artists including Whitney Houston, Grace Jones, Cyndi Lauper, Blondie singer Debbie Harry, Scissor Sisters, Prince, Marilyn Manson, Yoko Ono, and Britney Spears.[119]
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Gaga has been influenced by a wide-range of artists as to which she has played homages to, including Madonna (left) and Bruce Springsteen. (Right)
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Gaga has mentioned Spears in several interviews, and revealed, "Britney certainly doesn’t need any freakin’ tips from me! Britney Spears is the queen of pop. I was learning from her."[120] Gaga also paid tribute to Spears during the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards with the MTV Video Vanguard Award, adding that the pop singer "taught us all how to be fearless, and the industry wouldn't be the same without her."[121]
Gaga has identified fashion as a major influence and has been stylistically compared to English eccentrics Leigh Bowery and Isabella Blow and to American recording artist Cher.[14][26][110][122] She commented that "as a child, she somehow absorbed Cher's out-there fashion sense and made it her own."[122] She has considered Donatella Versace her muse and the late British fashion designer and close friend Alexander McQueen as an inspiration, admitting that "I miss Lee every time I get dressed" while channeling him in some of her work.[14][78] Modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory, Gaga has her own creative production team, which she handles personally, called the Haus of Gaga, who create many of her clothes, stage props, and hairdos.[123] Her adoration of fashion came from her mother, who she stated was "always very well kept and beautiful."[6] "When I'm writing music, I'm thinking about the clothes I want to wear on stage. It's all about everything altogether—performance art, pop performance art, fashion. For me, it's everything coming together and being a real story that will bring back the super-fan. I want to bring that back. I want the imagery to be so strong that fans will want to eat and taste and lick every part of us."[26] The Global Language Monitor named "Lady Gaga" as the Top Fashion Buzzword with her trademark "no pants" a close third.[124] Entertainment Weekly put her outfits on its end of the decade "best-of" list, saying, "Whether it's a dress made of Muppets or strategically placed bubbles, Gaga's outré ensembles brought performance art into the mainstream."[125] Gaga made her runway debut at Thierry Mugler's Paris fashion show in March 2011 where she wore items from Nicola Formichetti's debut women's wear collection.[126] In June of the same year, she won the Council of Fashion Designers of America Award for Fashion Icon.[127] Time Magazine placed Gaga on their "All-Time 100 Fashion Icons List" amongst some of Gaga's inspirations such as Michael Jackson, Madonna, and the The Beatles, stating: "Lady Gaga is just as notorious for her outrageous style as she is for her pop hits. After all, Gaga, born Stefani Germanotta, has sported outfits made from plastic bubbles, Kermit the Frog dolls, and raw meat."[128] She has since devoted her time as a fashion columnist for V magazine, where she has written about her creative process, her studying of the world of pop culture, and her ability to tune into the evolution of pop-culture meme.[129]
In August 2011 she sent to her 15 millions followers that she had at that time on Twitter, a quote about creativity from the book "Creativity"[130] by Osho,[131] which led journalists, on October 28, of the same year, on her arrival to India for the inauguration of a big Formula One motorsport event,[132] to ask her about her connection to him, to which Gaga said she was influenced by his work and that for her, "the creativity is the greatest way of rebellion": "Equality", she concluded, "is one of the most important things in my life".[133]
Musical style[link]
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A 30-second sample of Lady Gaga's "Just Dance" featuring the chorus sung by Lady Gaga and Colby O'Donis in the range of B3 to C♯, backed by a synth marching beat. The song became her first international hit single and sold 7.7 million copies worldwide.
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Continually experimenting with new musical ideas and images, Gaga's musical and performance style is the subject of much analysis and scrutiny from critics. She professes that she is "liberating" herself by constantly reinventing her sound and image, insisting that she has been drawn to such a practice since her childhood.[134] Vocally, Gaga possesses the range of a contralto and exhibits "overwhelming expression, instinctive vocal phrasing, '80s rock reminiscent chest belts and animalistic vocal ticks" while being able to move through 2.4 octaves.[135][136] Refusing to lip sync, Gaga – whose range is frequently compared to those of Madonna and Gwen Stefani – has manipulated her vocal style over the course of her career yet considers Born This Way (2011) "much more vocally up to par with what I've always been capable of."[137][138] In summation of her voice, Entertainment Weekly wrote, "There's an immense emotional intelligence behind the way she uses her voice. Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power."[139]
Although her early lyrics have been criticized for lacking intellectual stimulation, "[Gaga] does manage to get you moving and grooving at an almost effortless pace."[140] She admits that her songwriting has been misinterpreted; her friend and blogger Perez Hilton articulated her message in a clearer way: "you write really deep intelligent lyrics with shallow concepts." Gaga opined, "Perez is very intelligent and clearly listened to my record from beginning to end, and he is correct."[141] "I love songwriting. It's so funny – I will just jam around in my underwear or I could be washing my dishes. I wrote several songs just at the piano," she confesses.[141] Gaga believes that "all good music can be played at a piano and still sound like a hit."[142] She has covered a wide variety of topics in her songs: while The Fame (2008) meditates on the lust for stardom, The Fame Monster (2009) expresses fame's dark side through monster metaphors. Born This Way (2011) is sung in English, French, German and Spanish and includes common themes in Gaga's controversial songwriting like love, sex, religion, money, drugs, identity, liberation, sexuality, freedom and individualism.[143][144]
The structure of her music is said to echo classic 1980s pop and 1990s Europop.[145] Her debut album The Fame (2008) provoked The Sunday Times to assert "in combining music, fashion, art and technology, [Gaga] evokes Madonna, Gwen Stefani circa 'Hollaback Girl', Kylie Minogue 2001 or Grace Jones right now" and a critic from The Boston Globe to comment that she draws "obvious inspirations from Madonna to Gwen Stefani... in [her] girlish but sturdy pipes and bubbly beats."[146][147] Music critic Simon Reynolds wrote that "Everything about Gaga came from electroclash, except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with Auto-Tune and undergirded with R&B-ish beats."[148] The follow-up The Fame Monster (2009), saw Gaga's taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky ABBA disco and sugary throwbacks like Stacey Q" while Born This Way (2011) also draws on the records of her childhood and still has the "electro-sleaze beats and Eurodisco chorus chants" of its predecessor but includes genres as diverse as opera, heavy metal, disco, and rock and roll.[143] "There isn't a subtle moment on the album, but even at its nuttiest, the music is full of wide-awake emotional details," wrote Rolling Stone, who concluded: "The more excessive Gaga gets, the more honest she sounds."[144]
Music videos and performances[link]
With constant costume changes, backup dancers, and provocative visuals, Gaga's music videos are often described as short films.[149] "Being provocative is not just about getting people's attention. It's about saying something that really affects people in a real way, in a positive way," she professes.[149] Exploring bondage and sadomasochism in addition to highlighting prevalent feminist themes, "the three central themes that shape Lady Gaga's music videos are sex, violence, and power."[150] "Vaudevillian and carnal, Lady Gaga has got the knack of sending rape-like fantasies—in songs and videos that double as catch club hits—to the top of the charts," wrote one critic.[151] "Whether it is physical violence or sexual exploitation, these videos offer vivid depictions of male power over women's bodies," wrote another.[150] While she labels herself "a little bit of a feminist" (she rejects man-hating feminism) and asserts that she is "sexually empowering women,"[151] Gaga strives to empower young women to stand up for what they believe in.[150] She also attempts to liberate her fans so they can feel "less alone."[152] "She not only reiterates her assertion of total originality," professed pop critic Ann Powers, "but also finesses it until it's both a philosophical stance about how constructing a persona from pop-cultural sources can be an expression of a person's truth—a la those drag queens Gaga sincerely admires—and a bit of a feminist act."[153] In summation of her videos, Rolling Stone used the rhetoric: "does anyone look to a Lady Gaga video for restraint?"[93]
Her performances are described as "highly entertaining and innovative"; the blood-spurting performance of "Paparazzi" at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was described as "eye-popping" by MTV.[154] She continued the "blood soaked" theme during The Monster Ball Tour, in which she wore a revealing leather corset and was "attacked" by a performer dressed in black who gnaws on her throat, causing "blood" to spurt down her chest, after which she lies "dying" in a pool of blood. Her performances of that scene in England triggered protests from family groups and fans in the aftermath of a local tragedy, in which a taxi driver had murdered 12 people.[155] "What happened in Bradford is very fresh in people's minds and given all the violence which happened in Cumbria just hours earlier, it was insensitive," said Lynn Costello of Mothers Against Violence.[156] Her unconventionality continued at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards: performing in drag as her male alter ego, Jo Calderone, and delivering a lovesick monologue before a performance of her song "You and I".[157] Some have defended her flamboyant and provocative behavior. "Well, she's Lady Gaga," Chris Rock said. "She's not 'Lady Behave Yourself.' Do you want great behavior from a person named Gaga? Is this what you were expecting?"[158] As Gaga's choreographer and creative director, Laurieann Gibson provided material for her shows and videos for four years. However, the pair parted in November 2011; Gaga replacing her with Gibson's assistant Richard Jackson.[159] Gaga admits to being a perfectionist when it comes to her elaborate shows. "I'm very bossy. I can scream my head off if I see one light fixture out. I'm very detailed – every minute of the show has got to be perfect."[149]
Public image[link]
See also: Lady Gaga on Twitter
While Rolling Stone named Gaga the "Queen of Pop" in 2011, public reception of Gaga's music, fashion sense and persona are mixed.[160] Her status as a role model, self-esteem booster for her fans, trailblazer and fashion icon who breathes new life into the industry is by turns affirmed and denied.[161] Gaga's albums have received mostly positive reviews and critics have pointed out her unique place in pop music, the need for new movements in popular culture, the attention Gaga brings to modern social issues, and the inherently subjective nature of her art.[162] In view of her influence on modern culture and her rise to global fame, sociologist Mathieu Deflem of the University of South Carolina has organized a course titled "Lady Gaga and the Sociology of Fame" since spring 2011 with the objective of unravelling "some of the sociologically relevant dimensions of the fame of Lady Gaga."[163] When Gaga briefly met with US president Barack Obama at a Human Rights Campaign fundraiser, he described the interaction as "intimidating" as she was dressed in 16-inch heels making her undoubtedly the tallest woman in the room.[164]
Contrary to her outré style, the New York Post described her early look as like "a refugee from Jersey Shore" with "big black hair, heavy eye makeup and tight, revealing clothes."[18] Gaga is a natural brunette; she bleached her hair blonde because she was often mistaken for Amy Winehouse.[6] She has nine tattoos on the left side of her body (her father has banned etchings on her right): a unicorn head with a ribbon wrapped around its horn that says "Born This Way"; a small heart with "dad" written inside it; several white roses; a treble clef; three daises; "Tokyo Love" with a little heart; "Little Monsters" written in cursive; a peace symbol, which was inspired by John Lennon, whom she stated was her hero; and a curling German script on her left arm quoting the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, her favorite writer, commenting that his "philosophy of solitude" spoke to her.[116][165] In a question posed about the necessary procedure to attach the prosthetics to give the unconventional appearance of recent horn-like ridges on her cheekbones, temples, and shoulders, Gaga responded, "They're not prosthetics, they're my bones." She also clarified that they were not the result of plastic surgery, believing such surgery to only be the modern byproduct of fame-induced insecurity to which she does not subscribe. The interviewer's further probing brought Gaga to the conclusion that they are an artistic representation of her inner inspirational light and part of the "performance piece" that is her musical persona: an inevitability of her becoming who she now is.[166]
Towards the end of 2008, comparisons were made between the fashions of Gaga and recording artist Christina Aguilera that noted similarities in their styling, hair, and make-up.[14] Aguilera stated that she was "completely unaware of [Gaga]" and "didn't know if it [was] a man or a woman."[14] Gaga released a statement in which she welcomed the comparisons due to the attention providing useful publicity, saying, "She's such a huge star and if anything I should send her flowers, because a lot of people in America didn't know who I was until that whole thing happened. It really put me on the map in a way."[167][168] When interviewed by Barbara Walters for her annual ABC News special 10 Most Fascinating People in 2009, Gaga dismissed the claim that she is intersex as an urban legend. Responding to a question on this issue, she stated, "At first it was very strange and everyone sorta said, 'That's really quite a story!' But in a sense, I portray myself in a very androgynous way, and I love androgyny."[169] In addition to Aguilera's statement, comparisons continued into 2010, when Aguilera released the music video of her single "Not Myself Tonight". Critics noted similarities between the song and its accompanying music video with Gaga's video for "Bad Romance".[170] There have also been similar comparisons made between Gaga's style and that of fashion icon Dale Bozzio from the band Missing Persons. Some have considered their respective images to be strikingly parallel although fans of Missing Persons note that Bozzio had pioneered the look more than thirty years earlier.[171]
While devout followers call Gaga "Mother Monster", Gaga often refers to her fans as "Little Monsters" which has been tattooed on "the arm that holds my mic" in dedication.[172][173] Her treatment of her "Little Monsters" has inspired criticism, due to the highly commercial nature of her music and image.[174] To some, this dichotomy contravenes the concept of outsider culture. Camille Paglia in her 2010 cover story "Lady Gaga and the death of sex" in The Sunday Times asserts that Gaga "is more an identity thief than an erotic taboo breaker, a mainstream manufactured product who claims to be singing for the freaks, the rebellious and the dispossessed when she is none of those."[175][176] Writing for The Guardian, Kitty Empire opined that the dichotomy "...allows the viewer to have a 'transgressive' experience without being required to think. At [her performance's] core, though, is the idea that Gaga is at one with the freaks and outcasts. The Monster Ball is where we can all be free. This is arrant nonsense, as the scads of people buying Gaga's cunningly commercial music are not limited to the niche worlds of drag queens and hip night creatures from which she draws her inspiration. But Gaga seems sincere."[177]
Philanthropy[link]
Besides her career in music, Gaga has also contributed to various charities. For natural disasters, Gaga has helped various relief efforts. Although declining an invitation to appear on the single "We Are the World 25" to benefit victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, she donated the proceeds of her January 24, 2010 concert at New York's Radio City Music Hall to the country's reconstruction relief fund.[178] All profits from her official online store on that day were also donated. Gaga announced that an estimated total of US$500,000 was collected for the fund.[179] Hours after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami hit Japan on March 11, 2011, Gaga tweeted a message and a link to Japan Prayer Bracelets. All revenue from a bracelet she designed in conjunction with the company was donated to relief efforts.[180] As of March 29, 2011, the bracelets raised $1.5 million.[181] However, attorney Alyson Oliver filed a lawsuit against Gaga in Detroit in June 2011, noting that the bracelet was subject to a sales tax and an extra $3.99 shipping charge was added to the price. She also believed that not all proceeds from the bracelets would go to the relief efforts, demanding a public accounting of the campaign and refunds for people who had bought the bracelet. Gaga's spokesperson called the lawsuit "meritless" and "misleading".[182] On June 25, 2011, Gaga performed at MTV Japan's charity show in Makuhari Messe, which benefited the Japanese Red Cross.[183]
HIV and AIDS[link]
Gaga also contributes in the fight against HIV and AIDS, focusing on educating young women about the risks of the disease. In collaboration with Cyndi Lauper, Gaga joined forces with MAC Cosmetics to launch a line of lipstick under their supplementary cosmetic line, Viva Glam. Titled Viva Glam Gaga and Viva Glam Cyndi for each contributor respectively, all net proceeds of the lipstick line were donated to the cosmetic company's campaign to prevent HIV and AIDS worldwide.[184] In a press release, Gaga declared, "I don't want Viva Glam to be just a lipstick you buy to help a cause. I want it to be a reminder when you go out at night to put a condom in your purse right next to your lipstick."[185] The sales of Gaga-endorsed Viva Glam lipstick and lipgloss have raised more than $202 million to fight HIV and AIDS.[3]
Born This Way Foundation[link]
Main article: Born This Way Foundation
As a humanitarian, she has launched her own non-profit organization, the Born This Way Foundation, which focuses on youth empowerment and issues like self-confidence, well-being, anti-bullying, mentoring, and career development. "My mother and I have initiated a passion project. We call it the Born This Way Foundation," Gaga said in a statement about the foundation, which takes its name from the 2011 single and album. "Together we hope to establish a standard of Bravery and Kindness, as well as a community worldwide that protects and nurtures others in the face of bullying and abandonment." The foundation will work with a number of partners, including the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The California Endowment and the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.[186] She also jumped into the debate surrounding SB 1070, Arizona's recently-enacted anti-immigration law, after premiering her Born This Way song "Americano" on the Guadalajara stop of The Monster Ball Tour in Mexico, telling the local press that she could not "stand by many of the unjust immigration laws" in the US.[187] A devoted advocate for the LGBT community, Gaga is also an outspoken activist for LGBT rights worldwide.[188] On February 29, 2012, Gaga and Oprah Winfrey visited Harvard University to launch her Born This Way Foundation.
LGBT advocacy[link]
Gaga attributes much of her early success as a mainstream artist to her gay fans and is considered to be a gay icon.[189] Early in her career she had difficulty getting radio airplay, and stated, "The turning point for me was the gay community. I've got so many gay fans and they're so loyal to me and they really lifted me up. They'll always stand by me and I'll always stand by them. It's not an easy thing to create a fanbase."[190] She thanked FlyLife, a Manhattan-based LGBT marketing company with whom her label Interscope works, in the liner notes of The Fame, saying, "I love you so much. You were the first heartbeat in this project, and your support and brilliance means the world to me. I will always fight for the gay community hand in hand with this incredible team."[191] One of her first televised performances was in May 2008 at the NewNowNext Awards, an awards show aired by the LGBT television network Logo, where she sang her song "Just Dance".[192] In June of the same year, she performed the song again at the San Francisco Pride event.[193]
After The Fame was released, she revealed that the song "Poker Face" was about her bisexuality. In an interview with Rolling Stone, she spoke about how her boyfriends tended to react to her bisexuality, saying "The fact that I'm into women, they're all intimidated by it. It makes them uncomfortable. They're like, 'I don't need to have a threesome. I'm happy with just you'."[33] When she appeared as a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in May 2009, she praised DeGeneres for being "an inspiration for women and for the gay community".[194] She proclaimed that the October 11, 2009 National Equality March rally on the National Mall was "the single most important event of her career." As she exited, she left with an exultant "Bless God and bless the gays,"[195] similar to her 2009 MTV Video Music Awards acceptance speech for Best New Artist a month earlier.[196] At the Human Rights Campaign Dinner, held the same weekend as the rally, she performed a cover of John Lennon's "Imagine" declaring that "I'm not going to [play] one of my songs tonight because tonight is not about me, it's about you." She changed the original lyrics of the song to reflect the death of Matthew Shepard, a college student murdered because of his sexuality.[197]
Gaga attended the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards accompanied by four service members of the United States Armed Forces (Mike Almy, David Hall, Katie Miller and Stacy Vasquez), all of whom, under the United States military's "Don't ask, don't tell" (DADT) policy, had been prohibited from serving openly because of their sexuality.[198] In addition, Gaga wore a meat dress to the ceremony which was supplemented by boots, a purse and a hat that were all fabricated from the flesh of a dead animal.[199] Partly awarded in recognition of the dress, Vogue.com UK named her one of the Best Dressed people of 2010 while Time magazine's named the dress the Fashion Statement of 2010, it received divided opinions – evoking the attention of worldwide media but invoking the fury of animal rights organization PETA.[200][201][202] She denied any intention of causing disrespect to any person or organization and wished for the dress to be interpreted as a statement of human rights with focus upon those in the LGBT community, adding that "If we don't stand up for what we believe in and if we don't fight for our rights, pretty soon we're going to have as much rights as the meat on our own bones."[203]
She later released three videos on YouTube urging her fans to contact their Senators in an effort to overturn the policy. In late September 2010 she spoke at the Servicemembers Legal Defense Network's "4the14K" Rally in Deering Oaks Park in Portland, Maine. The name of the rally signified the number – an estimated 14,000 – of service members discharged under the DADT policy at the time. During her remarks, she urged members of the U.S. Senate (and in particular, moderate Republican Senators from Maine, Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins) to vote in favor of legislation that would repeal the DADT policy. Following this event, editors of The Advocate commented that she had become "the real fierce advocate" for gays and lesbians, one that Barack Obama had promised to be.[204][205]
Gaga appeared at Europride, a pan-European international event dedicated to LGBT pride, held in Rome in June 2011. In a nearly twenty-minute speech, she criticized the intolerant state of gay rights in many European countries and described homosexuals as "revolutionaries of love" before performing acoustic renderings of "Born This Way" and "The Edge of Glory" in front of thousands at the Circus Maximus.[206][207] She stated that "Today and every day we fight for freedom. We fight for justice. We beckon for compassion, understanding and above all we want full equality now".[208] Gaga revealed that she is often questioned why she dedicates herself to "gayspeak" and "how gay" she is, to which, she told the audience: "Why is this question, why is this issue so important? My answer is: I am a child of diversity, I am one with my generation, I feel a moral obligation as a woman, or a man, to exercise my revolutionary potential and make the world a better place." She then joked: "On a gay scale from 1 to 10, I'm a Judy Garland fucking 42."[209]
Discography[link]
For the full list, see Lady Gaga discography.
- The Fame (2008)
- The Fame Monster (2009)
- Born This Way (2011)
Filmography[link]
- Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden (2011)
- A Very Gaga Thanksgiving (2011)
- "Lisa Goes Gaga" (The Simpsons episode) (2012)
- Men in Black 3 (Plays the role of an alien.) (2012)[210]
Concert tours[link]
- The Fame Ball Tour (2009)
- Fame Kills: Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga (2009–10) (cancelled)
- The Monster Ball Tour (2009–11)
- The Born This Way Ball Tour (2012–13)
See also[link]
|
Book: Lady Gaga |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga
- Honorific nicknames in popular music
- List of best-selling music artists
References[link]
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- ^ a b c "Lady Gaga angers Beatles fans by playing John Lennon's piano". Daily Mail. 2010-07-10. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1293648/Lady-Gaga-angers-Beatles-fans-playing-John-Lennons-piano.html. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
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- ^ Zezima, Katy (2010-09-20). "Lady Gaga Goes Political in Maine". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/us/politics/21gaga.html. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
- ^ Roberts, Laura (2010-09-14). "Lady Gaga's meat dress divides opinion". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8001267/Lady-Gagas-meat-dress-divides-opinion.html. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ VOGUE.COM UK VOGUE.COM UK – The Best Dressed People of the Year 2010
- ^ Luscombe, Belinda (2010-12-09). "Lady Gaga – The Top 10 Everything of 2010 – TIME". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2035319_2034464,00.html. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
- ^ Winterman, Denise; Kelly, Jon (2010-09-14). "Five interpretations of Gaga's meat dress". BBC (BBC Online). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11297832. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Lee, Ann (2010-09-14). "Lady Gaga defends meat dress by claiming she's no 'piece of meat'". Metro. http://www.metro.co.uk/music/840850-lady-gaga-defends-meat-dress-by-claiming-shes-no-piece-of-meat. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "Gaga: We've Found Our Fierce Advocate". The Advocate. 2010-09-28. http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/09/21/Lady_Gaga_Weve_Found_Our_Fierce_Advocate/. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
- ^ McGann, Laura (2008-12-08). "Obama: I'm a 'Fierce Advocate' for Gay and Lesbians". The Washington Independent. http://washingtonindependent.com/22526/obama-im-a-fierce-advocate-for-gay-and-lesbians. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
- ^ Blauvelt, Christian (2011-06-13). "Lady Gaga speaks out at massive Europride event in Rome: Can she meaningfully affect gay rights? – VIDEO". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/06/13/lady-gaga-rome-europride-gay-rights/. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ "Lady GaGa Performs At EuroPride In Rome". MTV. 2011-06-13. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/lady-gaga/news/276972-lady-gaga-europride-italy-gay-rights. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ "Lady Gaga champions gay rights at EuroPride". Metro. London. 2011-06-12. http://www.metro.co.uk/music/866055-lady-gaga-champions-gay-rights-at-europride. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Wockner, Rex (2011-06-16). "Australians accept marriage equality". The Bay Area Reporter. http://www.ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=5784. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Review: Unnecessary ‘Men in Black 3’ just O‘K’ compared to predecessors - a-e - The Lantern - Ohio State University
Further reading[link]
- Herbert, Emily (2010). Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop. John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84454-963-4.
- Goodman, Elizabeth (2010). Lady Gaga: Critical Mass Fashion. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-66840-6.
- Morgan, Johnny (2010). Gaga. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 1-4027-8059-1.
- Parvis, Sarah (2010). Lady Gaga. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-9795-6.
- Phoenix, Helia (2010). Lady Gaga: Just Dance—The Biography. Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4091-1567-0.
- Monster Anthems (2011) by Robert Christgau
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lady Gaga |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Lady Gaga |
- Official website
- Lady Gaga at Allmusic
- Lady Gaga at AllRovi
- Lady Gaga discography at Discogs
- Lady Gaga on Facebook
- Lady Gaga at the Internet Movie Database
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Works by or about Lady Gaga in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Slide show Vanity Fair
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Germanotta, Stefani Joanne Angelina |
| Alternative names | Lady Gaga |
| Short description | American pop singer |
| Date of birth | March 28, 1986 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
