Arabah

Wednesday, 16 January 2013

Petra - Ma'an, Jordan - Nabataeans, Mount Hor, Arabah

Modern Ambient Trance: Digital Aura - Plains of Arabah

Petra in the Arabah: Wonder of the World

Kingdom Hearts Chain of Memories (Sora) Arabah part 1

Kingdom Hearts Chain of Memories (Sora) Arabah part 2

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Al Mazraa
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Aqaba
Aqaba (Arabic: العقبة‎, Al-ʻAqabah) is a coastal city in the far south of Jordan, the capital of Aqaba Governorate at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba. Aqaba is strategically important to Jordan as it is the country's only seaport. Aqaba is best known today as a diving and beach resort, but industrial activity remains important to the area, and the town is an exporter of phosphate and some shells. Aqaba is also the largest city on the Gulf of Aqaba.
Aqaba has been an inhabited settlement since 4000 BC profiting from its strategic location at the junction of trading routes between Asia, Africa, and Europe. The early settlement was presumably Edomite in ancient times. It was a centre of the Edomites, and then of the Arab Nabataeans, during the first century B.C. who populated the region extensively. The oldest known text in Arabic alphabet is an inscription found in Jabal Ram 50 km east of Aqaba.
The Bible refers to the area in (1 Kings 9:26) "King Solomon also built ships in Ezion-Geber, which is near Ayla in Edom, on the shores of the Red Sea." This verse probably refers to an Iron Age port city on the same ground as modern Aqaba.

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Arabah
The Arabah (Hebrew: הָעֲרָבָה‎‎, HaArava, lit. "desolate and dry area"; Arabic: وادي عربة‎, Wādī ʻAraba), also known as Aravah, is a section of the Jordan Rift Valley running in a north-south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee (as the Jordan river valley) down to the Dead Sea and continuing further south where it ends at the Gulf of Aqaba. It includes most of the border between Israel to the west and Jordan to the east. Many modern geographers no longer acknowledge the northern section, between the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee to be part of the Arabah, but in antiquity up to the early 20th century this full expanse of Rift Valley was all considered part of the Arabah.
The hottest, southern stretch of the Arabah is 166 km (103 mi) in length from the Gulf of Aqaba to the southern shore of the Dead Sea. Topographically, the region is divided into three sections. From the Gulf of Aqaba northward, the land gradually rises over a distance of 77 km (48 mi), and reaches a height of 230 m (750 ft) above sea level, which represents the watershed divide between the Dead Sea and Red Sea. From this crest, the land slopes gently northward over the next 74 km (46 mi) to a point 15 km (9.3 mi) south of the Dead Sea. In the last section, the Arabah drops steeply to the Dead Sea, which at 417 m (1,368 ft) below sea level, is the lowest point on earth (and historically falling).

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Eilat
Eilat (Hebrew: אֵילַת‎‎, Arabic: إيلات‎ (audio) (help·info)) is Israel's southernmost city, a busy port as well as a popular resort, located at the northern tip of the Red Sea, on the Gulf of Aqaba. Home to 46,600 people, the city is part of the Southern Negev Desert, at the southern end of the Arava. The city is adjacent to the Egyptian village of Taba to the south, the Jordanian port city of Aqaba to the east, and within sight of Saudi Arabia to the south-east, across the gulf. Eilat's arid desert climate and low humidity is moderated by proximity to a warm sea. Temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) in summer, and 21 °C (70 °F) in winter, while water temperatures range between 20 and 26 °C (68 and 79 °F). Eilat averages up to 360 sunny days a year. The city's beaches, nightlife and desert landscapes make it a popular destination for domestic and international tourism.
The geology and landscape are varied: igneous and metamorphic rocks, sandstone and limestone; mountains up to 892 metres (2,927 ft) above sea level; broad valleys such as the Arava, and seashore on the Gulf of Aqaba. With an annual average rainfall of 28 millimetres (1.1 in) and summer temperatures of 40 °C (104 °F) and higher, water resources and vegetation are limited. "The main elements that influenced the region's history were the copper resources and other minerals, the ancient international roads that crossed the area, and its geopolitical and strategic position. These resulted in a settlement density that defies the environmental conditions."

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Eilot
Eilot (Hebrew: אֵילוֹת‎‎) is the southernmost kibbutz in Israel, located in the Arabah valley, near the border with Jordan and less than a kilometer north of Eilat and just over 3 kilometers north of the Red Sea.
It was established in 1963 and named for a verse in the I Kings 9:26: "And King Solomon made a navy of ships in Ezion-Geber, which is beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom." (9:26). The Eloth mentioned in the verse is likely close to the present-day location of Kibbutz Eilot.
The kibbutz has about 80 members and a total population of about 350. It is most noted for its date orchard, though vegetables, other fruits, and dairy products are also produced, and tourism is a major industry.

wn.com/Eilot
Ein Hatzeva
Ein Hatzeva (Hebrew: עֵין חֲצֵבָה‎‎, lit. Hatzeva Spring) is a moshav in the central Arava valley in Israel. Located south of the Dead Sea, it falls under the jurisdiction of Tamar Regional Council.
Ein Hatzeva was founded in 1960 as an unaffiliated agriculture farm, and was not recognized by the government. The founders attempted to grow vegetables in the arid Arava area, and the village was recognized upon their success.
It was named after the nearby Hatzeva Spring, which in turn takes its name from the Arabic name, Ayn Husb. The location was mentioned in Greek texts as Eisebon.

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Ein Tamar
Ein Tamar (Hebrew: עֵין תָּמָר‎‎, lit. Date Spring) is a moshav in the northern Arabah valley in Israel. Located south of the Dead Sea, it falls under the jurisdiction of Tamar Regional Council.
It was established in August 1982 by 24 families.
The historical, biblical (Ezekiel 47:19) village of Tamar is probably located in the Hatzeva Fortress near Ir Ovot.

wn.com/Ein_Tamar
Ein Yahav
Ein Yahav (Hebrew: עֵין יַהַב‎‎) is a moshav in Israel. Located in the northern Arava, 12km south of Hatzeva, it falls under the jurisdiction of the Central Arava Regional Council. It is named after Ein Yahav (Yahav Spring), southwest of the moshav. In 2005 it has a population of about 500.
In 1950, an agricultural experimentation station was set up at Ein Yahav by members of Shahal, a movement to settle arid areas of Israel. The name was derived from the Arabic name for the area, Ayn Wiba, and the Roman name—Yahibu. The station was abandoned and on October 7, 1953, Israel Defense Forces veterans settled there. In 1959 a Nahal settlement was established 5 km to the east of the original. In 1962 it was civilianized by senior moshavniks and in 1967 the settlement moved to its current location. Ein-Yahav has an airfield nearby (Airport Code: EIY).
There is an ancient copper-smelting site near Ein Yahav. A small hill with blackened slopes, covered mainly by crushed copper slag, identify the remains of the smelting devices used at the end of the Early Bronze Age for smelting copper.

wn.com/Ein_Yahav
Grofit
Grofit (Hebrew: גְּרוֹפִית‎‎, lit. Shoot (of a plant)) is a kibbutz near Eilat in the Arabah region in the far south of Israel. It falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Eilot Regional Council.
The community was founded in 1963 as a Nahal settlement and is named after the Arabic name of the nearby Grofit Creek. In 1966 the kibbutz was settled by adults who had been members of the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed youth movement.

wn.com/Grofit
Gulf of Aqaba
The Gulf of Aqaba (Arabic: خليج العقبة‎; transliterated: Khalyj al-'Aqabah) is a large gulf located at the northern tip of the Red Sea, east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian mainland. Its coastline is divided between four countries: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. In Israel, it is often referred to as the Gulf of Eilat, after Eilat, the predominant Israeli city at its northern end (Hebrew: מפרץ אילת, transliterated: Mifratz Eilat).
The Gulf is located to the east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian mainland. This and the Gulf of Suez are the two gulfs extending from the northern portion of the Red Sea; the Gulf of Aqaba is east of the Gulf of Suez. Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia all have coastlines on the Gulf. It reaches a maximum depth of 1,850 m in its central area (the Gulf of Suez is significantly wider but less than 100 m deep).
The Gulf of Aqaba measures 24 kilometres (15 mi) at its widest point and stretches some 160 kilometres (99 mi) north from the Straits of Tiran to a point where the border of Israel meets the borders of Egypt and Jordan.

wn.com/Gulf_of_Aqaba
Idan
Idan (Hebrew: עִדָּן‎‎) is a moshav in Arava region of southern Israel. It belongs to the Central Arava Regional Council.
It was founded in 1980 by immigrants to Israel from Canada, the United States and South Africa, who organized for the effort in 1976. It is named for Idan Stream, which flows near the moshav. This was in turn named after the Arab name for the stream, Wadi al-Aidan. In 2005, it had a population of 150. After the Israel–Jordan peace treaty, some of the lands of Idan were handed over to Jordan.
Between Idan and Hatzeva is a service road, called Peace Road. The Jewish National Fund paved the Peace Route, along the border between Israel and Jordan, for the benefit of central Arava inhabitants, following the Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty of 1994. The road runs along the foot of the Arava Cliffs, opposite the Edom Mountains, and is surrounded by agricultural fields and sandy expanses. A picnic area, lookouts and a trail have been built along the way. The road allows easy access to the eastern part of the Shezaf Nature Reserve.

wn.com/Idan
Ir Ovot
Ir Ovot (Hebrew: עִיר אֹבֹת ,עיר אובות ‎‎, Ir Obot; lit. City of Oboth), was an agricultural cooperative (kibbutz) in Israel 1967–1980s, located in the northeastern Negev's Arava region, and still refers to a small, group of homes near New Ein Hatzeva.
It is the site of an extensive archaeological complex known as Tamar Fortress or Hatzevah Fortress (Hebrew: מצודת חצבה‎) which dates to the 10th century BCE (United Monarchy/First Temple period).
Ir Ovot is located south of the Dead Sea and southeast of Dimona in the Arabah valley, an arid plain located below the Negev plateau and south of the Jordan Rift Valley within the larger Great Rift Valley. The settlement abuts the Ein Hatzeva bloc of agricultural villages on the opposite side of Highway 90 near the Jordanian border, and is within the boundaries of the Arava Regional Council.^{[citation needed]}
Originally the site of the Ein Husub police station during the British Mandate of Palestine, the location was captured by the Israel Defense Forces in 1948. The village of Ir Ovot was founded in 1967, in an area deserted apart from a small military base and roadside cafe on the way to Eilat. It was founded by a group of American Jews led by former law student and court clerk Simcha Pearlmutter, a Jew from Miami, Florida

wn.com/Ir_Ovot
Israel
Coordinates: 31°N 35°E / 31°N 35°E / 31; 35
Israel, officially the State of Israel ( /ˈɪzriːəl/ or /ˈɪzreɪəl/; Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, Medīnat Yisrā'el, IPA: [me̞diˈnät jisʁäˈʔe̞l] ( listen); Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل‎, Dawlat Isrāʼīl, IPA: [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a parliamentary republic in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan and the West Bank in the east, Egypt and the Gaza Strip on the southwest, and the Gulf of Aqaba in the Red Sea to the south, and it contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel is defined as a Jewish and Democratic State in its Basic Laws and is the world's only Jewish-majority state.
Following the adoption of a resolution by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 29 November 1947 recommending the adoption and implementation of the United Nations plan to partition Palestine, on 14 May 1948 David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization and president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, a state independent from the British Mandate for Palestine. Neighboring Arab states invaded the next day in support of the Palestinian Arabs. Israel has since fought several wars with neighboring Arab states, in the course of which it has occupied the West Bank, Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights. Portions of these territories, including east Jerusalem, have been annexed by Israel, but the border with the neighboring West Bank has not yet been permanently defined.^{[neutrality is disputed]} Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt and Jordan, but efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have so far not resulted in peace.

wn.com/Israel
Jordan
Jordan ( /ˈdʒɔr.dən/;Arabic: اَلأُرْدُنّ, Al-'Urdunn), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (Arabic: اَلمَمْلَكَة اَلأُرْدُنِيَّة اَلهَاشِمِيَّة), Al-Mamlakah Al-Urdaniyyah Al-Hashimiyyah) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing control of the Dead Sea with the latter. Jordan's only port is at its south-western tip, at the Gulf of Aqaba, which is shared with Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia. Over half of Jordan is covered by the Arabian Desert. However, the western part of Jordan is arable land and forests. Jordan is part of the Fertile Crescent. The capital city is Amman. According to the CIA World Factbook, Jordan has the second highest life expectancy in the Middle East, after Israel. The average life expectancy is one position behind the United Kingdom, although the age remains exactly the same (80.05 years).
The precursor to modern Jordan was founded in 1921 as the Hashemite Emirate, and it was recognized by the League of Nations as a state under the British mandate in 1922 known as The Emirate of Transjordan. In 1946, Jordan became an independent sovereign state officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan. After capturing the West Bank area of Cisjordan during the 1948–49 war with Israel, Abdullah I took the title King of Jordan and Palestine, and he officially changed the country's name to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in April 1949.

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Jordan Rift Valley
The Jordan Rift Valley (Arabic: الغور‎ Al-Ghor or Al-Ghawr; Hebrew: בקעת הירדן‎ Bik'at HaYarden) is an elongated depression located in modern-day Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian territories. This geographic region includes the Jordan River, Jordan Valley, Hula Valley, Lake Tiberias and the Dead Sea, the lowest land elevation on Earth. The valley continues to the Red Sea, incorporating Arabah and the shorelines of the Gulf of Aqaba.
The Jordan Rift Valley was formed many millions of years ago in the Miocene epoch (23.8 - 5.3 Myr ago) when the Arabian tectonic plate moved northward and then eastward away from Africa. One million years later, the land between the Mediterranean and the Jordan Rift Valley rose so that the sea water stopped flooding the area.
The lowest point in the Jordan Rift Valley is at the shores of the Dead Sea, which is also the lowest point (on land) on the surface of the earth at 400 meters below sea level. Rising sharply to almost 1,000 meters in the west, and similarly in the east, the rift is a significant topographic feature over which few narrow paved roads and difficult mountain tracks lead. The valley north of the Dead Sea has long been a site of agriculture because of water available from the Jordan River and numerous springs located on the valley's flanks.

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Neot HaKikar
Neot HaKikar (Hebrew: נְאוֹת הַכִּכָּר‎‎) is a moshav in the northern Arabah valley in Israel. Located south of the Dead Sea, it falls under the jurisdiction of Tamar Regional Council.
Site of the Neot HaKikar disaster.

Coordinates: 30°55′59.15″N 35°22′36.11″E / 30.9330972°N 35.3766972°E / 30.9330972; 35.3766972

wn.com/Neot_HaKikar
Neve Harif
Neve Harif (Hebrew: נְוֵה חָרִיף‎‎) is a kibbutz in southern Israel. Located in the Arabah valley near Eilat, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Eilot Regional Council. In 2008 it had a population of 127.
The kibbutz was founded in 1983 by city dwellers who wanted to establish a kibbutz that would combine the kibbutz ideology with a modern daily lifestyle. The community was established on a temporary site named Shitim, moving to the current site a year later. The kibbutz was originally named Avida (Hebrew: אבידע‎) based on its location, but was renamed Neve Harif in honour of Knesset member and kibbutz activist Moshe Harif who was killed in a car crash in 1982.

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Paran
Paran (Hebrew: פָּארָן‎‎) is a small moshav in the Arabah valley in southern Israel. Located around 100 km north of Eilat, it falls under the jurisdiction of Central Arava Regional Council. In 2009 it had a population of around 100 families.
The moshav is named after the Bible (Genesis 21:20-21): "And God was with the lad, and he grew, and dwelt in the wilderness, and became an archer. And he dwelt in the wilderness of Paran. And his mother took him a wife out of the land of Egypt."
Each of the family farm units covers 50 dunams (50,000 m²). The main crops are high quality peppers and flowers for export. In addition, 14 of the families run a cowshed of 40-45 dairy cows each. Among the smaller farm branches are a date palm orchard and turkey production.
Some families supplement their income with other activities such as a horseback riding school, a nursery for vegetable and flower seedlings, cottage industries producing arts and crafts articles, and jeep tours.^{[original research?]}
In 2008 new rules in Israel made solar power profitable^{[clarification needed]}. Some families started to produce electricity (commercially) from 50 kWp photovoltaic power plants (per family), "enjoying" high Daily Solar Radiation and dry weather.^{[citation needed]}

wn.com/Paran
Sands of Samar
Coordinates: 29°48′N 35°02′E / 29.80°N 35.04°E / 29.80; 35.04 (Sands of Samar)
The Sands of Samar (Hebrew: חולות סמר‎), also called the Samar sands or Samar sand dunes, are an expanse of sand dunes in the Arava region of southern Israel. Once encompassing an area of seven square kilometers, agricultural development and sand mining have reduced the sands to 2.3 square kilometers. In recent years environmentalists and local residents have campaigned to preserve what remain of the dunes.
The Sands of Samar are located near Kibbutz Samar in southern Israel, 30 kilometers north of Eilat. Once part of a larger network of dunes, zoning for date groves and other crops, as well as factory pollution and extensive sand mining to support construction projects in Eilat, have vastly reduced the presence of sand dunes in the area. Since Israel's 1994 peace treaty with Jordan, which placed neighboring dunes on the Jordanian side of the border, the Sands of Samar are the last remaining sand dunes on Israel's side of the Arava, constituting a unique and valuable habitat for desert-dwelling organisms. Of the seven square kilometers of dunes that once existed, 2.3 square kilometers remain today.

wn.com/Sands_of_Samar
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv, officially Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew: תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ‎‎; Arabic: تل أبيب‎), is the second most populous city in Israel. It has a population of 404,400 within city limits, on a land area of 52 km² (20 sq mi). The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in central-west Israel. In 2010, it was the largest and most populous city in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area of 3,325,700 residents, known as Gush Dan. The city is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality, headed by Ron Huldai. Residents of Tel Aviv are referred to as Tel Avivim.
Tel Aviv was founded in 1909 by the Jewish Community of Jaffa (Hebrew: יָפוֹ‎‎ Yafo; Arabic: يافا‎ Yāfā), on the outskirts of the ancient port city. The growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced Jaffa, which had a majority Arab population at the time. Tel Aviv and Jaffa were merged into a single municipality in 1950, two years after the establishment of the State of Israel. Tel Aviv's White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, comprises the world's largest concentration of Bauhaus buildings.

wn.com/Tel_Aviv
Tzofar
Tzofar (Hebrew: צוֹפָר‎‎) is a moshav in southern Israel, near Route 90, about 120 km north of Eilat. It lies south of Sapir and north of Tzukim. It belongs to the Central Arava Regional Council. In 2005 it had a population of about 300. The name derives from the nearby Tzofar stream and is also referring to one of the "friends" of Job (f.e. Job 2:11). In the Negev there are also kibbutzim with the names of the 2 other "friends": Mahane Bildad in the middle and Elifaz in the southern Arava.
The settlement was originally founded as a Nahal settlement in 1970 where Bildad Camp is currently located. In 1975 it was established as a moshav by city residents and native moshavniks and relocated several kilometers north to reach is present-day location.
After the peace agreement between Israel and Jordan, Israel transferred a portion of the land area in Tzofar to Jordanian control, but Israel rented the land so that Israeli workers from the moshav could continue to cultivate it.^{[citation needed]}
Winter farming is the main industry of the moshav. The produce is intended mainly for export, while some of it is sold locally. Vegetables grown in the moshav include melons, peppers, and tomatoes.

wn.com/Tzofar
Tzukim
Tzukim (Hebrew: צוּקִים‎‎, lit. Cliffs), also Zuqim, is a communal settlement in southern Israel. Located in the Arava, 8km south of Tzofar, it falls under jurisdiction of the Central Arava Regional Council. Tzukim was founded in 2001 on land vacated by the Bildad army camp. Bildad also served as a transit point for new settlement in the Arava. The first settlement phase was supposed to begin in 2003, with fifty families. The first settles were people in their 40s from central Israel. Tzukim's economy is supposed to be based on tourism. 200 guest houses are planned here as well as restaurants and spas. As of 2008, twelve rooms have been built and another 70 under construction. 25 families now live in the community on a permanent basis and another 20 are in the final stages of building homes.

wn.com/Tzukim
Wadi Araba Crossing
Coordinates: 29°34′30″N 34°58′41″E / 29.575°N 34.97806°E / 29.575; 34.97806 The Wadi Araba Border Crossing (Arabic: تقاطع وادي عربة‎, Hebrew: מעבר-גבול ערבה‎) is an international border crossing between Aqaba, Jordan and Eilat, Israel. Opened on August 8, 1994, it is currently one of three entry/exit points between the two countries that handles tourists.
In February 2006, the Israelis renamed their border terminal to Yitzhak Rabin Terminal (Hebrew: מסוף יצחק רבין‎), after the late Prime Minister.
The terminal is open from 6:30 to 20:00, Sunday through Thursday, and from 8:00 to 20:00 on Fridays and Saturdays, every day of the year except for the holidays of the Islamic New Year and Yom Kippur.
In 2010, 465,059 people and 8,007 vehicles had crossed the border.
There is no public transport to the terminal, but it can be reached by a 5-minute taxi ride from Eilat. Only privately-owned Israeli cars may cross through the terminal and travel within Jordan after a change of license plates, registration and the payment of a tax.

wn.com/Wadi_Araba_Crossing
Yahel
Yahel (Hebrew: יַהֵל‎‎) is a Reform kibbutz in the Arava (as spelled in English when borrowed from Hebrew) or Arabah (as spelled in English when borrowed from Arabic) in the Negev desert in the southern part Israel, 60 miles from the city of Eilat. It is the first kibbutz founded by the Reform movement.
The name of the kibbutz is symbolic and means "(he) will put up a tent". It comes from the Book of Isaiah (Isaiah 13:20).

wn.com/Yahel
Yotvata
Yotvata (Hebrew: יָטְבָתָה‎‎) is a kibbutz along the Aravah road in the southern Negev in Israel. It has approximately 310 members and a total of 700 residents. The Aravah valley is an arid desert where the average annual rainfall is less than 30 mm and temperatures often exceed 40 °C (104 °F) in summer, and 21 °C (70 °F) in winter.
Located approximately 40 km north of the Red Sea, Yotvata is the first, biggest, and most prosperous Kibbutz in Hevel Eilot Regional Council. Being relatively far from major urban centers (41 kilometers north of Eilat and 130 kilometers south of Dimona), it is the center of the region, where most regional facilities are based: regional school, regional council offices, community center, sports center, movies and concerts hall and local airfield.
Yotvata is a cooperative community, where most adult residents work on the kibbutz in production, services or education. The revenues are equally distributed among the members regardless of their position, along the idea of each one gives as much as he can and gets as much as he needs. Most of daily affairs are conducted communally - education, holidays, dining (three meals a day conducted in the commune dining-room are giving the community more relaxed time to get together) and more.

wn.com/Yotvata

Edom
Edom ( /ˈiː.dʌm/; Hebrew: אֱדוֹם, Modern Edom Tiberian ʼĔḏôm ; "red"; Assyrian: Udumi; Syriac: ܐܕܘܡ) or Idumea (Greek: Ἰδουμαία, Idoumaía; Latin: Idūmaea) was a Semitic inhabited historical region of the Southern Levant located south of Judea and the Dead Sea. It is mentioned in biblical records as a 1st millennium BC Iron Age kingdom of Edom, and in classical antiquity the cognate name Idumea was used to refer to a smaller area in the same region. The name Edom means "red" in Hebrew, and was given to Esau once he ate the "red pottage". (Genesis 25:30 KJV)
The Bible and The Torah describe the Edomites as descendants of Esau the eldest son of the Jewish patriarch Isaac, although no written records of the time have been discovered that support this claim.
The Edomites may have been connected with the Shasu and Shutu, nomadic raiders mentioned in Egyptian sources. Indeed, a letter from an Egyptian scribe at a border fortress in the Wadi Tumilat during the reign of Merneptah reports movement of nomadic "shasu-tribes of Edom" to watering holes in Egyptian territory. The earliest Iron Age settlements—possibly copper mining camps—date to the 9th century BCE. Settlement intensified by the late 8th century BC and the main sites so far excavated have been dated between the 8th and 6th centuries BC. The last unambiguous reference to Edom is an Assyrian inscription of 667 BC; it has thus been unclear when, how and why Edom ceased to exist as a state, although many scholars point to scriptural references in the Bible, specifically the historical book of Obadiah, to explain this phenomenon.

wn.com/Edom
Jews
The Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים‎‎ ISO 259-3 Yhudim Israeli pronunciation [jehuˈdim]), also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and an ethnoreligious group, originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation.Converts to Judaism, whose status as Jews within the Jewish ethnos is equal to those born into it, have been absorbed into the Jewish people throughout the millennia.
In Jewish tradition, Jewish ancestry is traced to the Biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the second millennium BCE. The modern State of Israel defines itself as a Jewish state in its Basic Laws, and Israel's Law of Return states: "Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an oleh." Israel is the only country where Jews are a majority of the population. Jews achieved political autonomy twice before in ancient history. The first of these periods lasted from 1350 to 586 BCE, and encompassed the periods of the Judges, the United Monarchy, and the Divided Monarchy of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, ending with the destruction of the First Temple. The second was the period of the Hasmonean Kingdom spanning from 140 to 37 BCE. Since the destruction of the First Temple, most Jews have lived in diaspora. A minority in every country in which they live (except Israel), they have frequently experienced persecution throughout history, resulting in a population that has fluctuated both in numbers and distribution over the centuries.

wn.com/Jews

arabah

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Plains Of Arabah-Digital Aura

Photos put to music. www.digital-aura.ca...

published: 07 Sep 2010

author: kuiperscreations

Emergency Landing and Wadi Arabah.mov

Video of some fantastic gorge scenery in Jordan, taken from a helicopter. We had just surv...

published: 18 Oct 2010

author: Chronosei

Israel Route - Eilat And The Arabah

Amazing pictures of Amazing Place...

published: 01 Jun 2010

author: Eye2IsraelOnline

The Arabah Desert

Taken on the way to Petra...

published: 27 Dec 2006

author: Mark Aceves

Petra in the Arabah: Wonder of the World

Petra is a site in the Arabah, Jordan that was discovered by a Swiss explorer called Johan...

published: 09 Dec 2012

author: Ellen Murray

Negev and Arabah

Негев и Арава...

published: 21 Aug 2012

author: ohaleyyaakov

Kingdom Hearts Chain of Memories (Sora) Arabah part 1

Off to the next place, and we find Aladdin....

published: 20 Jul 2011

author: ChaoticFeline

Kingdom Hearts Chain of Memories (Sora) Arabah part 2

More insanity in Arabah!!!!!...

published: 20 Jul 2011

author: ChaoticFeline

(10-26-12) Ma'arabah | Daraa | Men Place The Martyr AbdulNaser AlKalsh Into His Grave Calling To God

www.facebook.com twitter.com Syrian victims are screaming for your help. Will you answer?...

published: 27 Oct 2012

author: SyrianDaysOfRage

FNN Syria Ma'arabah Houran Friday of the victory has been written on Aleppo gates

...

published: 14 Jan 2013

author: fnnsyrianews

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photo: AP / Adj Nicolas-Nelson Richard, ECPAD

This Sunday Jan.13, 2013 photo provided by the French Army Monday Jan.14, 2013 shows a French Rafale jetfighter landing after a mission to Mali in N'Djamena, Chad.

France strikes Mali rebels

Independent online (SA)

14 Jan 2013

Bamako/Paris - French fighter jets pounded Islamist rebel strongholds deep in northern Mali on Sunday as Paris poured more troops into the capital, Bamako, awaiting a West African force to dislodge al-Qaeda-linked insurgents from the country’s north ... Defence Minister Jean-Yves le Drian said France’s intervention on Friday prevented the advancing rebels from seizing Bamako and vowed air strikes would continue ... – ... Doubt....(size: 6.6Kb)

photo: AP / Kevin Frayer

Indian Hindu holy men, or Naga Sadhus, run naked into the water at Sangam, the confluence of the rivers Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati, during the royal bath on Makar Sankranti at the start of the Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, India, Monday, Jan. 14, 2013.

Pilgrims Flock to India's Ganges for World's Biggest Festival

Jakarta Globe

14 Jan 2013

Allahabad. Hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims led by naked, ash-covered holy men streamed into the sacred river Ganges on Monday at the start of the world's biggest religious festival. The Kumbh Mela in the Indian town of Allahabad will see up to 100 million worshippers gather over the next 55 days to take a ritual bath in the holy waters, believed to cleanse sins and bestow blessings ... "I am ecstatic ... Agence France-Presse ....(size: 4.2Kb)

photo: WN / Jamal Penjweny

US military in side hummer on the Ramadia road and an the duty in Ramadia present

2012 military suicides hit a record high of 349

Ohio

15 Jan 2013

WASHINGTON. Suicides in the U.S. military surged to a record 349 last year, far exceeding American combat deaths in Afghanistan, and some private experts are predicting the dark trend will grow worse this year. The Pentagon has struggled to deal with the suicides, which Defense Secretary Leon Panetta and others have called an epidemic ... Last year’s total is the highest since the Pentagon began closely tracking suicides in 2001 ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - President Barack Obama talks with Chief of Staff Jack Lew and Rob Nabors, Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, in the Oval Office, Nov. 28, 2012.

Obama On Debt Ceiling: 'We Are Not A Deadbeat Nation'

Huffington Post

14 Jan 2013

WASHINGTON -- President Barack Obama issued a strong warning to Republicans on Monday that he will not negotiate over the debt ceiling or allow Republicans to use it as a bargaining chip. "To even entertain the idea of the United States of America not paying our bills is irresponsible. It's absurd," Obama said in a press conference ... "They will not collect a ransom in exchange for not crashing the economy," Obama said ... Also on HuffPost ... ....(size: 10.3Kb)

photo: AP / Arshad Butt

Pakistani Shiite Muslims sit next to the bodies of their relatives awaiting burial, who were killed in Thursday's deadly bombings, during a protest in Quetta, Pakistan, Saturday, Jan. 12, 2013.

Pakistan's Deathly Nonviolent Protest

WorldNews.com

15 Jan 2013

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. Desperate times call for desperate measures. In the case regarding Pakistani Shias, a minority population in Pakistan, some are refusing to bury their dead until the government deepens its commitment to protect them and the army provides better security. This comes on the heels of another suicide terrorist attack that killed 92 people and wounded more than 100 ... (1) Crilly, Rob ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)

timeline:
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Petra, the lost city of the Nabatean

Jakarta Post

12 Jan 2013

Paper Edition . Page. 21. Taking a break. Camels sit while their riders explore the beauty of the structures. The word petra in ancient Greek refers to the rock ... Possibly established as early as 312 BC, Petra was once a major trade city located on the slope of Mount Hor in a basin among the mountains, which formed part of the eastern flank of Arabah (Wadi Arabah), a large valley running from the Dead Sea to the Gulf of Aqaba ... Joy ride....(size: 2.4Kb)

Israel arrests female activist in military operation

Gulf News

14 Nov 2012

Ramallah. Israeli military forces raided the house of activist Mona Qedan on Tuesday morning, arresting the former prisoner who had been released from Israeli custody in the Shalit Prisoner swap deal ... The 41 year old Qedan, from the town of Arabah in Jenin, is indicted by Israeli intelligence as an activist woman of the Islamic Jihad. It is the fifth time she has been arrested ... Article continues below ... Email a friend ... More from Region ... . ....(size: 18.6Kb)

Palestinian accidently shoots himself

Gulf News

27 Sep 2012

It is believed that Tareq Kamal Afif Al Haj Ahmad was preparing the rifle to use in his night watch over land in the village of Arabah near Jenin ... Shaikh Khader Adnan, the known Palestinian prisoner hunger striker who was released from an Israeli prison after more than 70 days of fasting and a neighbour to the victim, told Gulf News that the victim’s home is located at the far side of the village of Arabah....(size: 19.1Kb)

Celebrating Yom Kippur ... like Moses

WorldNetDaily

27 Sep 2012

(WayneStyles.com) Tucked away among the steep sandstone formations in Israel’s Arabah Valley sits a place most visitors never see ... ....(size: 0.9Kb)

Palestinian prisoner Khader Adnan 'ends hunger strike'

BBC News

21 Feb 2012

'Imminent danger of death'. Mr Adnan has been refusing food since 18 December - one day after he was detained at his home in the village of Arabah - in protest at what he says was a violent arrest as well as humiliating interrogation sessions ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)

Portion of the Week / Metamorphosis of a nation

Ha'aretz

26 Aug 2011

Ovid opens "The Metamorphoses" with the declaration that he is going to describe how things change shape and become something else ... According to the Roman poet, history helps to describe and explain the wonder of metamorphosis ... Are they not beyond the Jordan, behind the way of the going down of the sun, in the land of the Canaanites that dwell in the Arabah, over against Gilgal, beside the terebinths of Moreh" (Deut. 11.29-30 ). ... ....(size: 9.5Kb)

On The Road: Bewildered on a Bedouin back-road en route to Petra

The Independent

06 Aug 2011

Somewhere within the vast pitted landscape of Wadi Arabah we had come unstuck. Just as the Bedouin tea-seller had told us, we should have taken a guide. That morning, when we'd set out, our intention had been to hike the ultimate Bedouin back-road into Petra that begins near Al-Barid (or Little Petra as it's more commonly known) ... Like its more famous sister-site it is cleverly concealed behind colossal sandstone cliffs ... Tweet . ....(size: 2.1Kb)

The skin is sweeted with kiwi

The Examiner

10 May 2011

The kiwi nourishes and firms the skin, it has a peculiarity in the exceptional care beauty skin. The kiwi has nutritive value, it is a fruit that contains several vitamins. It is rich in vitamin C as well as other minerals and vitamins such as vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B9, magnesium and other elements of vitamins that contribute to the protection of skin ... Native to Asia, its cultivation has begun in New Zealand ... ... 1 kiwi ... Arabah skincare ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)

Lessons of unity and community in the festival of Sukkot

The Examiner

26 Sep 2010

In a previous article it was mentioned that four agricultural species are tied together and waved during prayers. The prayers are called hoshanot because the refrain hoshanah, meaning "please save us" is repeated. The four species are the etrog, or citron, the lulav, or palm frond, the myrtle branches, or hadassim, and the willow branch, or arabah ... The prayers were specifically for rain ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)

timeline:
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Wadi Arabah. Sunset.

The Arabah (Hebrew: הָעֲרָבָה‎‎, HaArava, lit. "desolate and dry area"^[1]; Arabic: وادي عربة‎, Wādī ʻAraba), also known as Aravah, is a section of the Jordan Rift Valley running in a north-south orientation between the southern end of the Sea of Galilee (as the Jordan river valley) down to the Dead Sea and continuing further south where it ends at the Gulf of Aqaba. It includes most of the border between Israel to the west and Jordan to the east. Many modern geographers no longer acknowledge the northern section, between the Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee to be part of the Arabah, but in antiquity up to the early 20th century this full expanse of Rift Valley was all considered part of the Arabah.

The hottest, southern stretch of the Arabah is 166 km (103 mi) in length from the Gulf of Aqaba to the southern shore of the Dead Sea. Topographically, the region is divided into three sections. From the Gulf of Aqaba northward, the land gradually rises over a distance of 77 km (48 mi), and reaches a height of 230 m (750 ft) above sea level, which represents the watershed divide between the Dead Sea and Red Sea. From this crest, the land slopes gently northward over the next 74 km (46 mi) to a point 15 km (9.3 mi) south of the Dead Sea. In the last section, the Arabah drops steeply to the Dead Sea, which at 417 m (1,368 ft) below sea level, is the lowest point on earth (and historically falling).

The southern Arabah is very hot and dry and virtually without rain; consequently, it is only lightly populated. The Jordanian administrative district of Wadi Araba is reported to have a population of 6775, with an additional 96,000 in Aqaba itself.^[2] Five major tribes comprise eight settlements on the Jordanian side. These tribes are: Al-S'eediyeen (Arabic: السعيديين‎), Al-Ihewat (الإحيوات), Al-Ammareen (العمارين), Al-Rashaideh (الرشايدة), and Al-Azazmeh (العزازمة), as well as smaller tribes of the Al-Oseifat (العصيفات), Al-Rawajfeh (الرواجفة), Al-Manaja'h (المناجعة), and Al-Marzaqa (المرزقة), among others. The main economic activities for these Arabah residents revolve around herding sheep, agriculture, handicrafts, and the Jordanian Army.

On the Israeli side there are a few kibbutzim and moshavim. The oldest kibbutz in the Arava is Yotvata, founded in 1957, and named for an ancient town in the area mentioned once in the Bible. Kibbutz Lotan, which is one of Israel's newest kibbutzim, has a bird-watching center. The oldest Moshav in the central Arava area is Ein Yahav.

In Biblical times the area was a center of copper production; King Solomon apparently had mines here. The Arabah was home to the Edomites (Edom was called "Idumea" in Roman times). East of the Arabah was the domain of the Nabateans, the builders of the city of Petra.

The Israel–Jordan Peace Treaty was signed in the Arabah on October 26, 1994. The governments of Jordan and Israel are now promoting development of the region. There is a plan to bring sea water from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea through a canal (Red–Dead Seas Canal), which follows along the Arabah. This (long envisioned) project was once an issue of dispute between Jordan and Israel, but it was recently agreed that the project shall be constructed on and by the Jordanian side.

1 Natural history
2 Jordanian localities
3 Israeli localities
4 See also
5 References
6 Line notes
7 External links

Natural history [link]

The Arabah is very scenic; there are colorful cliffs and sharp-topped mountains. Israel's Timna Valley Park is notable for its prehistoric rock carvings, some of the oldest copper mines in the world, and a convoluted cliff called King Solomon's pillars. On the Jordanian side is the famous Wadi Rum, which is famous among rock climbers, hikers, campers, and lovers of the outdoors. Wadi Feynan Eco-Lodge, opened in Feynan, Jordan in 2005 by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature, is a candle-lit eco-lodge situated deep in the Arabah's remote landscape.

There are numerous species of flora and fauna in the Aravah Valley.^[3] Notably the Caracal, Caracal caracal, is found on savannahs of the Aravah Valley.^[4]

Jordanian localities [link]

Below is a list of Jordanian population clusters in Wadi Araba:

The total population of the Jordaninan portion of the region is 103,000, of which 96,000 live in Aqaba.

Israeli localities [link]

Below is a list of Israeli localities in the Arava, from north to south (excluding Eilat which is actually the southmost).

The population of the Israeli portion is 52,000, of which 47,500 live in Eilat, and just over 5,000 live in 20 small towns north of Eilat, the largest of which being Yotvata with a population of 610. The Israeli residents of the region are almost entirely Jews.

References [link]

Jordan Department of Statistics. 2004
Henry Chichester Hart. 1891, Some account of the fauna and flora of Sinai, Petra, and Wâdy Arabah, 255 pages
C. Michael Hogan. 2009. Caracal: Caracal caracal, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg

Line notes [link]

^ "עֲרָבָה [Arava]" (in Hebrew). אנציקלופדיה מפה. 6. Tel Aviv: Mapa. 2000. pp. 107–110. "השם קדום (דברים א 1 ועוד) ומשמעו אזור שומם ויבש"
^ Jordan Department of Statistics. 2004
^ Henry Chichester Hart. 1891
^ C. Michael Hogan. 2009

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Arabah

WadiFeynan Eco-Lodge
The Arava Institute for Environmental Studies
Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature
Wadi Araba Archaeological Research Project: Integrating Investigations of the Cultural Landscape of Wadi Araba since 1996. For Publications, see http://wadiaraba.tripod.com/waarpubs.htm
Wadi Arabah Project: Crossing the Rift
The Arava In Photos

Coordinates: 30°25′01″N 35°09′05″E / 30.41694°N 35.15139°E / 30.41694; 35.15139

http://wn.com/Arabah

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Israel Route

No. -- Free Agent

Cornerback

Personal information

Date of birth: December 2, 1984 (age 27)

Place of birth: Albany, Georgia

Height: 5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)

Weight: 185 lb (84 kg)

Career information

College: Tulane

Undrafted in 2007

No regular season or postseason appearances

Career history

Detroit Lions (2007-2008)*

*Offseason and/or practice squad member only

Career highlights and awards

Second-team All-Conference USA (2006)

Career NFL statistics

Stats at NFL.com

Israel Lerato "Izzy" Route (born December 2, 1984 in Albany, Georgia) is an American football cornerback who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Detroit Lions as an undrafted free agent in 2007. He played college football at Tulane.

External links [link]

Persondata
Name	Route, Israel
Alternative names
Short description	Player of American football
Date of birth	December 2, 1984
Place of birth	Albany, Georgia
Date of death
Place of death

http://wn.com/Israel_Route

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Route

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2010)

Paul Speer (b. 1952 Lewiston, Idaho) is a Grammy nominated guitarist, composer, and record producer. He has released several solo albums, music video albums, and collaborations with other artists such as pianist David Lanz, drummer Scott Rockenfield of Queensryche, Paul Lawler, and vocalist Satine Orient.

1 Early years
2 Career highlights
3 Discography
4 References
5 External links

Early years [link]

Paul Speer took up guitar at the age of nine and played his first paid gig at age twelve in a trio with brothers Neal and Gary. In 1969, the expanded group now known as the Stone Garden, recorded the single "Oceans Inside Me" and pressed 300 copies, a rare collector item today.

Speer attended music school at the University of Idaho in Moscow before moving to Seattle to play in nightclub bands. In the mid 1970's, he took up residence in Los Angeles where his interest expanded into audio production and engineering. Speer returned to Seattle in the late 1970s and began producing records in local recording studios and in his own studio.

Career highlights [link]

Catero Records (Fred Catero) of San Francisco signed Speer and released his first solo album "Collection 983: Spectral Voyages" in 1984. That was followed by two very successful music and video collaborations with David Lanz and director Jan Nickman, for the films Natural States (1985) and Desert Vision (1987).

Speer and Scott Rockenfield, drummer for the metal band Queensryche, teamed in 1997 to create another music and video work, the Grammy nominated TeleVoid. They also recorded Hells Canyon in 2000, a progressive rock opus inspired by places and events in the spectacular Hells Canyon region of Idaho.

Oculus, a music and video album inspired by places in Italy, was released by Speer's imprint label Rainstorm Records in 2008. In 2009, he collaborated with British musician Paul Lawler and French vocalist Satine Orient on the album Wonders.

In addition to his own productions, Paul Speer has been a prolific record producer with more than 250 albums to his credit.

Discography [link]

Solo

Collection 983: Spectral Voyages - 1984 - Catero Records (re-released on Rainstorm Records 2000)
Collection 991: Music+Art - 1992 - Miramar Recordings
Quiet Thoughts - 1998 - Rainstorm Records
Oculus - 2008 - Rainstorm Records

Collaborations

Stone Garden (band member) - Oceans Inside Me single - 1969 - Angelus Bell Records
Natural States (with David Lanz) - 1985 - Narada/EMI Records [1]/
Desert Vision (with David Lanz) - 1987 - Narada/EMI Records
Shades of Shadow (with Leroy Quintana) - 1990 - Miramar Recordings
Bridge of Dreams (with David Lanz) - 1993 - Narada/EMI Records [2]
TeleVoid (with Scott Rockenfield) - 1997 - Miramar Recordings
Stone Garden (band member) - 1998 (full album of music recorded 1965-1972) - Rockadelic Records
Hells Canyon (with Scott Rockenfield) - 2000 - Rainstorm Records
Wonders (with Paul Lawler and Satine Orient) - 2009 - Rainstorm Records

References [link]

Magazine - “New Age and New Sounds”, September 2008, vol 188, pgs 86-88, www.agendo.it, Italy
Magazine - "Shindig, January–February 2009, Vol 2, no 8, pgs 28-29, UK

External links [link]

Official website

Persondata
Name	Speer, Paul
Alternative names
Short description	Musician
Date of birth	1952
Place of birth	Lewiston, Idaho
Date of death
Place of death

http://wn.com/Paul_Speer

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Speer

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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Contents

Natural history [link]

Jordanian localities [link]

Israeli localities [link]

See also [link]

References [link]

Line notes [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Arabah

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Арава

http://fr.wn.com/Arabah

http://nl.wn.com/Wadi Araba

http://pt.wn.com/Arava

http://de.wn.com/Arava

http://it.wn.com/Wadi Araba

http://pl.wn.com/Arabah

http://cs.wn.com/Vádí al-Araba

http://id.wn.com/Arabah

http://es.wn.com/Aravá

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Israel_Route

Contents

Early years [link]

Career highlights [link]

Discography [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Paul_Speer