Dumka

Sunday, 30 December 2012

Ilya Yakushev - Tchaikovsky's Dumka, op. 59

Edyta Gorniak i Mietek Szczesniak - Dumka Na Dwa Serca

Marek Tranda - Moja Dumka (Dendix Bootleg)

Horowitz plays Tchaikovsky Dumka (1942 rec.)

Dong hyek lim : Tchaikovsky 'Dumka' Op.59

Found Shesh Naag in our Dumka district Jharkhand - created by Bipin Sen

Alexander Romanovsky plays Tchaikovsky: Dumka, Op.59

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Aizawl
Aizawl (Hindi: आइजोल) is the capital of the state of Mizoram in India. With a resident population 291,822, it is the largest city within the state. It is also the center of all important government offices, state assembly house and civil secretariat. The population of Aizawl strongly reflects the different communities of the ethnic Mizo people.
In 1890, Officer Dally of the Assam Police and his 400 men arrived at the site that is now Aizawl, to support Colonel Skinner's troops during a British military operation against the tribals. On Dally's recommendation, Aizawl was selected as the site of a fortified post that Colonel Skinner had been ordered to construct. The troops constructed stockades and buildings at the site.
Aizawl was the site of a tribal uprising in 1890, and was besieged from 9 to 28 September. Robert McCabe, Deputy Commissioner of the Lakhimpur district, restored order in the area and forced 15 tribal chiefs to surrender. After this, more troops were stationed at Aizawl. Another uprising in 1892 was also quelled by McCabe.

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Allahabad
Allahabad ([ɪlɑhɑbɑd̪]; Hindi: इलाहाबाद; Urdu: الہ آباد), or Settled by God in Persian, is a major city of India and is one of the main holy cities of Hinduism. It was renamed by the Mughal emperor Akbar from the original (still unofficially used) native name of Prayaga, and is by some accounts the second-oldest city in India. It is located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, lying some 205 kilometres (127 mi) south of the state capital, Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarters of the Allahabad District. Allahabad has been ranked the world's 130th fastest growing city (growth rate: 2.09 per cent (2011)).^{[citation needed]} The ancient name of the city is Prayaga (Sanskrit for "place of sacrifice"), as it is believed to be the spot where Brahma offered his first sacrifice after creating the world. It is one of four sites of the mass Hindu pilgrimage Kumbh Mela, the others being Haridwar, Ujjain and Nashik. It has a position of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at Triveni Sangam, the confluence of the holy rivers Ganges and Yamuna, and the ancient Sarasvati River.

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Asansol
Asansol is a coal mining and industrial metropolis and one of the busiest commercial centres in India. It is the second largest city and urban agglomeration in West Bengal after Kolkata and the 19th largest urban agglomeration in India. Asansol is located in the Burdwan District of India. It has a large workforce, moderately high per capita income, educational establishments, good transport connections, several housing complexes, and land suitable for industry, institutions, transport and commerce. Its hinterland is Bankura and Purulia districts and North Bengal, linked to parts of Orissa and Jharkhand states. According to a report released by International Institute for Environment and Development, a UK-based policy research non-governmental body, Asansol is among the 11 Indian cities in the list of 100 fastest growing cities in the world with a rank of 42. The name Asansol is derived from two different names, Asan tree (a species of tree found on the banks of river Damodar) and Sol-Bhumi/Sol-land (the land rich in minerals).

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Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Roughly triangular in shape, it is bordered mostly by India and Sri Lanka to the west, Bangladesh to the north, and Burma (Myanmar) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the east.
The Bay of Bengal occupies an area of 2,172,000 km². A number of large rivers – the Padma (a distributary of the Ganges), Meghna (a distributary of the Brahmaputra), Jamuna (a branch of the Brahmaputra), Ayeyarwady, Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna and Kaveri – flow into the Bay of Bengal. Among the important ports are Cuddalore, Ennore, Chennai, Karaikal, Pondicherry, Tuticorin, Kakinada, Machilipatnam, Vishakhapatnam, Gangavaram, Krishnapatnam, Paradip, Kolkata, Mongla, Chittagong and Yangon.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Bay of Bengal as follows:
On the East. A line running from Cape Negrais (16°03'N) in Burma through the larger islands of the Andaman group, in such a way that all the narrow waters between the islands lie to the Eastward of the line and are excluded from the Bay of Bengal, as far as a point in Little Andaman Island in latitude 10°48'N, longitude 92°24'E and thence along the Southwest limit of the Burma Sea [A line running from Oedjong Raja (5°32′N 95°12′E / 5.533°N 95.2°E / 5.533; 95.2) in Sumatra to Poeloe Bras (Breuëh) and on through the Western Islands of the Nicobar Group to Sandy Point in Little Andaman Island, in such a way that all the narrow waters appertain to the Burma Sea].

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Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur (Devnagri :भागलपुर Tirhuta or Urdu :بہاگل پور or Bengali :ভাগলপুর) is a municipality situated in the planes of the Ganges river basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level in Bihar, India. It is the second largest city of Bihar, covers an area of 2569.50 km² and lies between 25.07'N - 25.30'N Latitude and between 86.37'E - 87.30'E Longitude. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Bhagalpur has been ranked as 120st fastest growing city in the world and 20th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Bhagalpur registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur district. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City", famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since Bhagalpur also known as Silk City.

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Bhagalpur Division
Bhagalpur division is an administrative geographical unit of Bihar state of India, with Bhagalpur as the administrative headquarters of the division. As of 2005^[update], the division consists of Bhagalpur District, and Banka District.
Coordinates: 25°15′00″N 87°02′00″E / 25.25°N 87.0333°E / 25.25; 87.0333

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Bihar
Bihar (/bɨˈhɑr/, pronounced [bɪˈɦaːr] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at 38,202 sq mi (98,940 km²) and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India.
Bihar lies mid-way between West Bengal in the east and Uttar Pradesh in the west. It is bounded by the country of Nepal to the north and by Jharkhand to the south. The Bihar plain is divided into two parts by the river Ganges which flows through the middle from west to east. Bihar has notified forest area of 6,764.14 km², which is 6.8% of its geographical area. Hindi and Urdu are the official languages of the state, while the majority of the people speak Angika, Bhojpuri, Magadhi, Maithili and Bajjika. In 2000, Bihar was divided into 2 parts, the Southern part known as Jharkhand.
Ancient Bihar (which consisted of Anga, Videha/Mithila, Magadha and Vajji/Vrijji) was a centre of power, learning and culture in ancient and classical India. Out of five "The Greats" from India, four greats belonged to this region of India, Magadh: Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Samudragupta and Vikramaditya. From Magadha arose India's first and greatest empire, the Maurya empire as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions, Buddhism. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. Its capital Patna, earlier known as Pataliputra, was an important centre of Indian civilization.Nalanda and Vikramshila were centres of learning established in the 5th and 8th century respectively in Bihar, and are counted amongst the oldest and truly international universities, where people all over the world came to study. Bihar has distinction of giving the world its first democracy through Lichchivi (modern days Vaishali) during ancient era.

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Deoghar
Deoghar is the headquarters city of Deoghar District in the Santhal Parganas division of the state of Jharkhand, India. It is an important Hindu pilgrimage centre, having in Baidyanath Temple one of the twelve Shiva Jyothirlingams in India and also one of the 51 Shakti Peethas in India.
Deoghar is a Hindi word and the literal meaning of 'Deoghar' is abode ('ghar') of the Gods and Goddesses ('dev'). Deoghar is also known as "Baidyanath Dham", "Baba Dham", "B. Deoghar". The origin of Baidyanathdham is lost in antiquity. It has been referred as Haritakivan, Ketakivan, etc., in Sanskrit Texts. The name Deoghar seems to be of recent origin and probably dates from erection of the great temple of Lord Baidyanath. Although, the name of the builder of the temple is not traceable, certain parts of the front portion of the temple are said to have been built by Puran Mal, an ancestor of the Maharaja of Giddhour, in 1596.
Deoghar is located at 24°29′N 86°42′E / 24.48°N 86.7°E / 24.48; 86.7. It has an average elevation of 254 metres (833 feet).

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Deoghar district
Deoghar district (Hindi: देवघर जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India, and Deoghar town is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district is known for the Baidyanath Jyotirlinga shrine. This district is part of Santhal Pargana division.
The district was formed on 1 June 1986 by separating Deoghar sub-division of the erstwhile Santhal Parganas district.
Deogarh district is located in the western portion of Santhal paraganas. It is bounded by Bhagalpur district in north, Dumka in south and east and Giridhi in west. The district extends from 24 0 03’ and 23 0 38’ N latitude and 86 0 28’ and 87 0 04’ E longitude and comprises 2481 km² area. It has population 11,65,390 persons (Census of India, 2001).
The district contains several clusters of rocky hills covered with forest, but series of long ridges with intervening depressions. Most of the rolling uplands are cultivated by highland crops. The average elevation of the district is 247 m above msl, However hill ranges like Phuljari (750 m), Teror (670 m) and Degaria (575 m) break the monotony of the landscape. The general slope of the district is from north west to south east. Geologically the district is mainly covered by chhotanagpur granite gneiss of Archean age with paches of alluvium, sandstone and shale of Gondawana formations. Important rivers flowing in the district are the Ajay, the Paltro etc. These rivers gather a large number of tributaries which form the land scape full of Tanrs and Dons.

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Dhaka
Dhaka (Bengali: ঢাকা, pronounced IPA: [ˈɖʱaka]; formerly spelled Dacca, named Jahangirnagar during Mughal era) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka Division. Dhaka is a megacity and one of the major cities of South Asia. It is located on the banks of the Buriganga River. Dhaka, along with its metropolitan area, had a population of over 16 million in 2011, making it the largest city in Bangladesh. It is the 9th largest city in the world and also 28th among the most densely populated cities in the world. Dhaka is known as the City of Mosques and with 400,000 cycle rickshaws running on its streets every day, the city is also described as the Rickshaw Capital of the World.
Under Mughal rule in the 17th century, the city was known as Jahangir Nagar. It was a provincial capital and a centre of the worldwide muslin trade. The modern city, however, was developed chiefly under British rule in the 19th century, and became the second-largest city in Bengal after Calcutta (presently Kolkata). After the Partition of Bengal in 1905, Dhaka became the capital of the new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam but lost its status as a provincial capital again after the partition was annulled in 1911. After the partition of India in 1947, Dhaka became the administrative capital of East Pakistan, and later, in 1971, the capital of an independent Bangladesh. During the intervening period, the city witnessed widespread turmoil; this included many impositions of martial law, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence, military suppression, devastation during war, and natural calamities.

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Dhanbad
Dhanbad (Hindi: धनबाद, Bengali: ধনবাদ) is a city in the state of Jharkhand, and is also known as the Coal Capital of India. Dhanbad is the 96th fastest growing city in the world. According to the 2011 census, Dhanbad is among the 53 cities of India with a population of more than one million and is the 42nd largest city. Among the rail divisions of Indian Railway, Dhanbad Rail Division is the second largest in terms of revenue generation after Mumbai division.
Dhanbad is famous for coal mining. Tata Steel, BCCL, ECL and IISCO (Indian Iron And Steel Company) are some of the companies having coal mines in the district. Coal mining, coal washing, and coke making are the main coal-related industries in the city. IISCO is now owned by SAIL, while BCCL and Eastern Coalfields Limited are subsidiaries of Coal India Limited (CIL); these two companies are the largest operators of coal mines in Dhanbad, and have open cast mines as well as underground mines, whereas Tata Steel has mostly underground mines. These companies have developed townships for their employees. The prestigious Indian School of Mines is located in the heart of the city of Dhanbad.

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Dumka

Dumka,(Hindi: दुमका) headquarters of Dumka district, is a city and municipality in the state of Jharkhand, India. It was made the headquarters of the Santhal Pargana region which was carved out of Bhagalpur and Suri districts after The Great Santal Hul 1855. Presently, it is the commissionary headquarter of Santal Pargana division which has 6 districts. It was bestowed the status of sub-capital of Jharkhand state.
There are two theories as to how Dumka got its present name. The first one being that Dumka got its name from the santali word Dumk which mean "shunted" or "small". Back during the British Raj it was a small town compared to Suri and Bhagalpur and hencce the name.
The other theory is that Dumka derives its name from a Persian word damin-i-koh, which means 'skirts (an edge, border or extreme part) of the hills'. The Mughals assigned this name to this and nearby areas on account of presence of hillocks and undulating terrain.^{[citation needed]}
Dumka is located at 24°16′N 87°15′E / 24.27°N 87.25°E / 24.27; 87.25. It has an average elevation of 137 metres (449 feet).

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Dumka district
Dumka district (Hindi: दुमका जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India, and Dumka is the administrative headquarters of this district. This district covers an area of 3716.02 km². This district has a population of 1,106,521 (2001 Census).
In 2006 the Indian government named Dumka one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
The district comprises only one sub-division, Dumka and it consists 10 blocks: Dumka, Gopikander, Jama, Jarmundi, Kathikund, Maslia, Ramgarh, Ranishwar, Shikaripara and Saraiyahat.
There are four Vidhan Sabha constituencies in this district: Sikaripara, Dumka, Jama and Jarmundi. All of these are part of Dumka Lok Sabha constituency. Dumka is one of the beautiful city in India.in other words it is also called as mini KOLKATA.^{[citation needed]}
According to the 2011 census Dumka district has a population of 1,321,096, roughly equal to the nation of Mauritius or the US state of New Hampshire. This gives it a ranking of 370th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre (780 /sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 19.39 %. Dumka has a sex ratio of 974 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 62.54 %.

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England
England ⁱ/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

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Giridih
Giridih (Hindi: गिरिडीह, Bengali: গিরিডি) is headquarters of the Giridih district of Jharkhand state, India. The literal meaning of Giridih is the land of hills & hillocks - giri, a Hindi word, means hills and dih, another word of the local dialect, indicates upland. Before 1972 Giridih was part of Hazaribagh district.
Giridih is a centre of the prestigious Indian Statistical Institute (ISI). Giridih is also one of the six Data Processing Centres of Data Processing Division (DPD) of National Sample Survey Office (NSSO).
Giridih became the headquarter of the Giridih district when the new district was created on 6th December, 1972 by carving some parts of Hazaribagh district.
Giridih is located at 24°11′N 86°18′E / 24.18°N 86.3°E / 24.18; 86.3. It has an average elevation of 289 metres (948 ft). Śrī Sammeta Shikharji also known as the Parasnath Hills, located in Giridih is the highest mountain peak in Jharkhand. It is a conical granite peak located 4,477 feet (1,365 metres) above the sea level.

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Godda
Godda is a city and a municipality in Godda district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. The district has an area of 2110 km². The district headquarter is Godda.
Godda is located at 24°50′N 87°13′E / 24.83°N 87.22°E / 24.83; 87.22. It has an average elevation of 77 metres (252 feet). Godda came into existence as the 55th district of undivided Bihar on May 25, 1983. After the bifurcation of Bihar into Jharkhand state on November 15, 2000, it was one of 18 districts of Jharkhand.
As of 2001^[update] India census, Godda had a population of 37,007. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Godda has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 63%. In Godda, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The parliamentary constituency is Godda. The assembly constituencies are Madhupur, Jarmundi, Poraiyahat, Godda, Dhoraiya (SC) and Chakai. Godda was in Dumka Parliamentary constituency in 1957.
Godda was a part of undivided Santhal Pargana district until 1981 Census. Later the old Godda sub-division of Santhal Pargana was separated and formed as a new district. As a consequence of the Santhal rebellion of 1845-55 the district of Santhal Paragna was created from portions of Bhagalpur and Birbhum. Godda district at present comprises eight Blocks viz. Meherma, Mahagama, Boarijor, Pathargama, Godda, Sundurpahari, Poraiyahat and Thakur Gangati. Godda is the only town in the district. There are 2311 villages in the district.

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Godda district
Godda district (Hindi: गोड्डा जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. It lies in the northeastern part of the state. The geographical area that now comprises Godda district was formerly part of the erstwhile Santhal Parganas district. Godda town is the headquarters of Godda district.
The area of the district is 2110 km², with a population of around 861,000. The district is without any rail link, the nearest railway station being Barahat. The main economic activity of the people is agriculture, and major crops are paddy, wheat and maize.
Godda is the land of a tribe called Santhals. Godda is not only a land of tribes, the local inhabitants also include the non-tribal and urban people.
Godda is mostly famous for the Rajmahal Coalfields in Lalmatia. It's an integral part of Jharkhand and is known for its hills and small forests. The mine present here is an integral part of ECL coalfields and is among the biggest in whole Asia.

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Guwahati
Guwahati (Assamese: গুৱাহাটী Guwāhāti (help·info)), and formerly known as Pragjyotishpura (Sanskrit:प्राग्ज्योतिषपुर) and Durjoya (Sanskrit:दुर्जय) in ancient Assam, and Gauhati in the modern era, is an ancient urban area, the largest city of Assam, the largest metropolitan area in north-eastern India and one of the fastest developing cities in India. It is said to be the "Gateway" of the North East Region. Dispur, the capital of the Indian state of Assam is located within the city and is the seat of the Government of Assam. Guwahati, formerly Prāgjyotishpura meaning City of Eastern Light, other view is Prāg meaning eastern and jyotish meaning astrology and Durjaya meaning impregnable were the capital's of ancient state of Kamarupa under Varman's and Pala's respectively. Many ancient Hindu temples are located within the city, Kamakhya Temple, Umananda Temple, Navagraha Temple, Sukreswar Temple, Basistha Temple, Lankeshwar Temple, Doul Govinda Temple, Dirgheshwari temple, Ugro Tara Temple, Rudreswar Temple, etc., are but a few; thus, the city is also known as the "The City of Temples."

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Hazaribagh
Hazaribagh (Hindi: हज़ारीबाग़) is a city and a municipality in Hazaribagh district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. It is the divisional headquarters of North Chotanagpur division. It is famous as a health resort and for Hazaribagh National Park (17 km from city).
Etymologially, the word 'Hazaribagh' is made of two Persian words. Hazar means one thousand (1,000) and Bagh means garden (as is found in the name of Iraq's capital "Baghdad"). Hence the literal meaning of Hazaribagh is 'city of a thousand gardens'. According to Sir John Houlton the town takes its name from the small villages of Okni and Hazari – shown in old maps as Ocunhazry. The last syllable in its name probably originated in a mango-grove, which formed a camping ground for troops and travellers marching along the ‘new military road’ from Kolkata to Varanasi, constructed in 1782 and the following years. The Grand Trunk Road subsequently replaced this military road in the mid-eight hundreds, but the lay out differed at places, particularly around Hazaribagh. A dilapidated watch tower meant to guard the military road is still visible on Tower Hill, near Silwar.

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India
India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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Jamtara
Jamtara is a city and a notified area in Jamtara district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jamtara is the district headquarters.
Jamtara is located at 23°57′N 86°48′E / 23.95°N 86.8°E / 23.95; 86.8. It has an average elevation of 155 metres (508 feet).
It is located 250 km from Ranchi, the state capital. It has an area of 1801 km². Distance from other major cities like from Howrah is 260 km and from Patna is 290 km.
It came into existence on 26 April 2001. The small district of Jharkhand state consists of only 4 blocks. It was created by carving out four blocks from DUMKA District.
Other towns in this district are Karmatar, Nala, Kundahit, Narayanpur and Fatehpur. The fast flowing Ajay River passes through the district and verdant forest areas cover the district. Unexplored and unspoiled natural beauty is the trademark of the district.
With pristine clear river waters, high cliffs and dense jungles, Jamtara is an adventure tourist's paradise. Beautiful waterfalls, sharp cliffs, rolling green hills and panoramic locations make Jamtara a rustic yet scenic vacation spot.

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Jamtara district
Jamtara district (Hindi: जामताड़ा जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Jamtara town is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district is situated between 23°10' and 24°05' north latitudes and 86°30' and 87°15' east longitudes.
The district was carved out on 26 April 2001 by separating four blocks-Kundhit, Nala, Jamtara and Narayanpur—of the erstwhile Dumka district. Earlier, it was a sub-division. In its long history it was a part of Birbhum under the Hetampur Raj and the Bardhaman Maharaja-Dhiraj.There are a few surviving former raj families in the district. Raja of Jamtara left everlasting impression on the culture and lives of the people of Jamtara and the adjoining area.^{[citation needed]} The Zamindar family of Jamjuri had influence over a major portion of Kundahit and Fatehpur blocks. There are several historical sites waiting for study and exploration. The region was disturbed during the Santal Insurrection of 1854-55 under Siddhu and Kanhu. It is said^{[by whom?]} that the insurgents moved village to village and gained sympathy. Legends are that one village headman, Gopal Mandal of Madhopur,now in Fatehpur Block, faced them with great honour, when all other villagers of the vicinity fled.^{[citation needed]} He offered three muns of rice to the leaders and a night feast in the village ground. Scholar and intellectual Dr. Sharat Kumar Mandal is his grandson's grandson. Siddhu was captured at Ghatiyari, Narayanpur, now in this district. After the insurgence, a separate Santal Pargana district was created. Prior to the formation of Bihar, it was a part of Bengal. The people of this area speak Bengali, but Santali is the language of tribals. Hindi is widely spoken.

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Jharkhand
Jharkhand /dʒɑrˈkɑːnd/^{[citation needed]} (Hindi: झारखण्ड; Bengali: ঝাড়খন্ড; Urdu: جھاڑکھنڈ; Jhārkhaṇḍ, pronounced [ˈdʒʱaːrkʰəɳɖ] ( listen)) is a state in eastern India. It was carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. Jharkhand shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west, Orissa to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of 79,714 km² 49,821 sq mi (129,040 km²). The industrial city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka is sub capital while Jamshedpur is the largest and the biggest industrial city of the state. Some of the other major cities and industrial centres are Dhanbad, Bokaro and Hazaribagh.
The name "Jharkhand" means "The Land of Forests".
According to some writers like Gautam Kumar Bera, there was already a distinct geo-political, cultural entity called Jharkhand even before the period of Magadha Empire. Bera's book (page 33) also refers to the Hindu Mythological book Bhavishya Purana. The tribal rulers, some of whom continue to thrive till today were known as the Munda Rajas, who basically had ownership rights to large farmlands. During the Mughal period, the Jharkhand area was known as Kukara.

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Kanpur
Kanpur /ˈkɑːnpʊər/ (Hindi: कानपुर, Urdu: کان پور pronunciation (help·info)), spelled Cawnpore before 1948, is the Industrial Capital of Uttar Pradesh and is the administrative headquarters of Kanpur Nagar district, Kanpur Dehat district and Kanpur division. It is the eleventh-most populous city in India and the major industrial hub with in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
It is one of the oldest industrial townships of North India. It has a metropolitan area of over 1,640 square kilometres (630 sq mi) and a city area of around 829 km² with an approximate population of 3 million inhabitants in its area. It is administratively divided into 6 zones and 110 wards with an average ward population range of 19000 to 26000.
City Development Plan for Kanpur city is both a perspective and vision for the future development. Kanpur City Development Plan (CDP) is the culmination of a study which was commenced about three months ago^[when?] by JPS Associates. This report is based on invaluable inputs the consultants received from the various stakeholders and the officers associated with the development of the city. This CDP, therefore, truly reflects the vision of the citizens, the poor and the slum dwellers and the officers who are determined to make Kanpur a futuristic city in the next few years.

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Kolkata
Kolkata /kɒlˈkætə/, or Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/, is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest port as well as its sole major riverine port. As of 2011, the city had 4.5 million residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. As of 2008, its economic output as measured by gross domestic product ranked third among South Asian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi. As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Kolkata confronts substantial urban pollution, traffic congestion, poverty, overpopulation, and other logistic and socioeconomic problems.
In the late 17th century, the three villages that predated Kolkata were ruled by the Nawab of Bengal under Mughal suzerainty. After the Nawab granted the East India Company a trading license in 1690, the area was developed by the Company into an increasingly fortified mercantile base. Nawab Siraj ud-Daulah occupied Kolkata in 1756, and the East India Company retook it in the following year and by 1772 assumed full sovereignty. Under East India Company and later under the British Raj, Kolkata served as the capital of India until 1911, when its perceived geographical disadvantages, combined with growing nationalism in Bengal, led to a shift of the capital to New Delhi. The city was a centre of the Indian independence movement; it remains a hotbed of contemporary state politics. Following Indian independence in 1947, Kolkata—which was once the centre of modern Indian education, science, culture, and politics—witnessed several decades of relative economic stagnation. Since the early 2000s, an economic rejuvenation has led to accelerated growth.

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New Delhi
New Delhi ⁱ/ˈnjuː dɛli/ is the capital city of India. As the national capital, New Delhi is the seat of executive, legislative, and judiciary branches of the Government of India. It also serves as the centre of the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is situated within the metropolis of Delhi and is one of the nine districts of Delhi Union Territory.
The definition of New Delhi is unclear and the differentiation between Delhi and New Delhi is blurry. Even administratively, the demarcation between Delhi and New Delhi is not clear. Government of India and Government of Delhi have not clearly defined the area and boundaries of New Delhi. The boundaries of areas of New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) and New Delhi district of Delhi do not completely overlap. In 1920s, when British constructed New Delhi, there were only two Delhis' – the old walled city called Old Delhi and the new city designed by Edwin Lutyens to serve as capital of British India, which was called 'New Delhi'. The rest of Delhi was rural. But after independence as more and more areas around New Delhi urbanized they also became a part of New Delhi as they were also a part of Delhi which was 'new'. Now, almost all of National Capital Territory of Delhi, with exceptions of the old city called Old Delhi, Civil Lines area, Trans-Yamuna region, some rural areas and some underdeveloped parts of Delhi (e.g. Ashok Vihar, Timarpur, Nangloi, Sultanpuri, Mangolpuri, Badarpur etc.), is designated as 'New Delhi' in postal addresses. Especially, almost all the places in South, South-west, Central and West districts of Delhi are designated as New Delhi. Most of the time, the terms Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably.

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Pakur
Pakur (previously known as Pakaur) is the district headquarters of Pakur District, Jharkhand state, India.
It is located in the north east corner of Jharkhand State: at 23°40' to 25°18' latitude and 86°25' to 87°57' E. longitude. Pakur is bordered by Sahibganj district in North, Dumka district in South, Godda district in West and Murshidabad and Birbhum districts (of the West Bengal) in the East. Pakur has an area of about 696 square kilometres and a population of 700,032 (2001 Census).
Pakur was earlier a Sub-Division of Santhal Parganas district of Bihar. It was upgraded to the status of district in 1994. Upon reorganization of Bihar state, India, in 2000 into two separate states, namely, Bihar and Jharkhand, Pakur district came under the administrative control of the Jharkhand state.
As of 2001^[update] India census, Pakur had a population of 36,014. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Pakur has an average literacy rate of 61%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 67%, and female literacy is 55%. In Pakur, 16% of the population is under 6 years of age.

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Pakur district
Pakur district (Hindi: पाकुड़ जिला) is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Pakur is the administrative headquarters of this district. The district, with a population of 701,616 (census 2001), and covering an area of 686.21 km², is situated on the north-eastern corner of Jharkhand state. The district is bounded on the north by Sahebganj district, on the south by Dumka district, on the west by Godda district, and on the east by the Murshidabad district of West Bengal.
It is famous across the world for its Black stone. It supplies nearly 500 Truck Stone chips daily to Bangladesh. It is generating the highest revenue for Howrah railway Division by supplying Black Stone Chips across India and Coal to Punjab.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Pakur one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 21 districts in Jharkhand currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).
Presently, Pakur district comprises seven blocks: Pakur (Urban), Pakur (Rural), Hiranpur, Littipara, Amrapara, Pakuria and Maheshpur.

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Purnia
Purnia (also spelled Purnea) (Hindi: पूर्णिया) is a city and a Municipal Corporation in Purnia district of the Indian state of Bihar. It is located 300 km from Patna.
The Indian army, Border Security Force (BSF),and the SSB and the have bases around the city. The Purnea Airport, which serves the city, is located within the Indian Air Force's cantonment area.
The origin of the name appears to have different sources.
The name possibly originates from the Sanskrit word Purna–Aranya which stands for "complete jungle".
Purnia could be an altered form of the old name Purania, derived from the word purain or Lotus, which is said to have grown on the Kosi and Mahananda rivers. This derivation is stated by O'Malley^[who?] and is also in the old gazetteer.^{[clarification needed]}^{[citation needed]}
An alternative could be a derivation from the words Pur Aranya. W.W. Hunter and Buchanan^[who?] have mentioned the name of Purnia,^{[clarification needed]}^{[citation needed]} it being a forested area, using combination of the words purn and aranya (full and forest).

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Rajmahal
Rajmahal is a city and a notified area in Sahibganj district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Rajmahal is the only sub-divisional town in Sahibganj district. It is one of the most historic place in Jharkhand. It includes many historical places such as Singidalan, Neel-Kothi, Jama-Masjid, Khaniyathan and China clay mines etc.
It is an historic town situated on the west bank of the Ganges, and located in the hills known as Daman-i-Khoh during the Muslim rule. The hills run north-south for 193 km from Sahebganj to Rampurhat. The earlier name of the place was Agmahal. Man Singh, on his return from the conquest of Orissa in 1592, named it Rajmahal. On 9 November 1595 Man Singh laid the foundations of a new capital of Bengal Subah there and named it Akbarnagar, after Akbar, the emperor.
It appears to have been chosen as the site of the capital on account of its central position with reference to Bengal and Bihar and for its command of both the river Ganges and the pass of Teliagarhi. Man Singh built a palace, a fort, and also a Jama-i-Masjid (known as Hadafe Mosque). Soon, Rajmahal being a healthier site than Gaur, a city sprang up. The city, however, soon lost its strategic value. The river Ganges having receded nearly two miles, the city was no longer accessible to war-boats and it could not be defended on land and water. In 1608-09 Islam Khan transferred the capital to Jahangirnagar (Dhaka) in order to suppress the bara-bhuiyans and more effectively resist the growing power of the Portuguese and the Maghs. However, Rajmahal regained its administrative position in 1639, when Shah Shuja (1639-1660) set up his capital there. The prince built the famous palace called Sang-i-dalan (Stone Palace) for his own residence with an attached Diwan khana (audience hall).

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Rajmahal Hills
Rajmahal Hills are hills formed from rocks dating from the Jurassic Period and named after the town of Rajmahal which lies to the east in the state of Jharkhand in India. The hills are oriented in a north-south axis with an average elevation of 200–300 m (600-1,000 ft). The River Ganges meanders around the hills changing direction of flow from eastwards to southwards. Volcanic activity in the Jurassic caused the formation of these hills. The hills are approximately located at 25°N 87°E / 25°N 87°E / 25; 87
The upper regions of the Rajmahal Hills are inhabited by the Sauria Paharia tribe while the valleys are dominated by the Santhal tribe who cultivate the land. According to the last population count of the Paharias in 1985, their numbers stood at approximately 1.85 lakh.
Rajmahal hills are home to plant fossils which are 68 to 145 million years old. The Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany in Lucknow has an impressive collection of these fossils. The fossils here have attracted geologists and palaeobotanists from all over the world. There are fears of these fossils disappearing now as the state government of Jharkhand has given out a mining lease in the area to private companies.

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Ranchi
Ranchi /ˈrɑːntʃi/ ( Hindi (help·info)) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Jharkhand accounts for 40% of the mineral resources of India. Earlier most of the part in Jharkhand was covered by forest but now due to urbanization trees are cut and forest cover is depleting fast. Since 2011 census Ranchi now is one of the 53 million-plus cities of India and stands as the 46th largest city out of top 53.^{[citation needed]}. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, Western West Bengal and the present eastern Chhattisgarh. Jharkhand State was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.
The name Ranchi comes from the original Oraon village Archi at the site. Archi derives from the Oraon word for bamboo grove or stave. According to legend, after an altercation with a spirit, a farmer beat the spirit with his bamboo stave or archi. The spirit shouted archi, archi, archi and vanished; Archi became Rachi, and Rachi became Ranchi.. One historically significant neighborhood is Doranda ('duran' 'दुरङ' means song and 'daah' 'दअः' means water in the Mundari language), between the Hinoo (Bhusur) & Harmoo Rivers, where the civil station, treasury and church established by the British Raj were destroyed by rebel forces during the Sepoy Mutiny. The present Purani (old) Ranchi marks the site of the old village of Archi.

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Rourkela
Rourkela pronunciation (help·info) (Oriya:ରାଉରକେଲା) (Bengali:রাউরকেলা ) (Hindi: राउरकेला) is located in the northwestern tip of the Indian state of Orissa at the heart of a rich mineral belt. It is situated about 340 kilometres (211 mi) north of state capital Bhubaneswar.It is surrounded by a range of hills and encircled by rivers. One of the largest steel plants of the Steel Authority of India Limited is situated here. It also has one of the National Institutes of Technology of the country. Rourkela Steel Plant was first to bring cctv to the whole Asia continent for the first time(1984). It is the 14th most clean and green city of India.
The name "Rourkela" in the local tribal language of "Sadri" means "Our Village". It comes under Sundargarh district of the Indian state of Orissa. An indigenous community called Raulia used to inhabit this region.
The picturesque and modern twin towns of Rourkela and Fertilizer Township as well as their developed periphery are located in areas that were once covered by dense forests. Rourkela city came into prominence in the year 1955. According to the census report of 2011 the population of Rourkela City is 7 lakhs approx. Then railway station of Rourkela was within the revenue village of Mahulpali.

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Sahebganj
Sahebganj (also spelt as Sahibganj) is the district headquarters of Sahebganj district of Jharkhand state, India.
Sahebganj means a place (ganj) of masters (sahebs or sahibs). The place is likely to have been given its name because a number of English and other European people lived and worked in and around the railway station during the British Raj. Nevertheless, the district has remained inhabited by tribal people since time immemorial. The town is cosmopolitan, with people from Bihar, Bengal, and Jharkhand; and refugees from Bangladesh and Pakistan.
Sahebganj is located at 25°15′N 87°39′E / 25.25°N 87.65°E / 25.25; 87.65. It has an average elevation of 16 metres (52 feet).
As of 2011^[update] India census, Sahebganj had a population of 1,150,038. Males constitute 51.33% of the population and females 48.66%. Sahibganj has an average literacy rate of 53%, Lower than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy is 62.65%, and female literacy is 44.31%. In Sahibganj, 18.8% of the population is under 6 years of age.

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Shillong
Shillong, India (Khasi: Shillong) is the capital of Meghalaya, one of the smallest states in India and home to the Khasis. It is also the headquarters of the East Khasi Hills district and is situated at an average altitude of 4,908 feet (1,496 m) above sea level, with the highest point being Shillong Peak at 6,449 feet (1,966 m). The city had a population of 314,610 according to the 2011 census. It is said that the rolling hills around the town reminded the European settlers of Scotland. Hence, Shillong is also known as "Scotland of the East." Shillong has steadily grown in size and significance since it was made the civil station of the Khasi and Jaintia Hills in 1864 by the British. In 1874, on the formation of Assam as a Chief Commissioner's Province, it was chosen as the headquarters of the new administration because of its convenient location between the Brahmaputra and Surma valleys and more so because the climate of Shillong was much cooler than tropical India. Shillong remained the capital of undivided Assam until the creation of the new state of Meghalaya on 21 January 1972, when Shillong became the capital of Meghalaya and Assam moved its capital to Dispur in Guwahati.

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Siliguri
Siliguri ( pronunciation (help·info), Bengali: শিলিগুড়ি Nepali: सिलीगुड़ी ) also known as Gateway of North East India is a city in the Indian state of West Bengal. Siliguri is located on the banks of the Mahananda River and the foothills of the Himalayas, it is a principal commercial, tourism, transportation, and educational centre of North Bengal.
As of 2011, the city had 5 lakhs residents; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 7 lakhs, making it the most populous city in North Bengal. It is also the transit point for air, road and rail traffic to the neighbouring countries of Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh, and to the North East. It is famous for its four 'T's i.e.; Tea, Transport, Tourism and Timber. Presently, Siliguri has been witnessing an economic boom in the organised retail, hospitality and real estate industries due to population growth and its strategic geographical location. It is the largest city in the entire North East. The total area of Siliguri Metro is 210 sq km whereas the suburbs area comprise 62 sq KM. The city of Siliguri runs 48km from North to south and 34km from east to west. Siliguri is a commercial hub for the North East drawing in many new residents from other states.

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Tarapith
Tarapith (Bengali: তারাপীঠ) is a small temple town near Rampurhat in Birbhum district of the Indian state of West Bengal, known for its Tantric temple and its adjoining cremation grounds where Tantric rites are performed. The Tantric Hindu temple is dedicated to goddess Tara, a fearsome Tantric aspect of the Hindu Divine Mother and is one of the 51 Shakti Peethas, the chief temples of the Goddess-oriented Shakta sect of Hinduism. Tarapith derives its name from its association as the most important centre of Tara worship and her cult.
Tarapith is also famous for Bamakhepa known as the 'mad saint', who worshipped in the temple and resided in the cremation grounds as a mendicant and practised and perfected Yoga and the Tantric art under the tutelage of another famous saint known as the Kailashpathi Baba. Bama Khepa dedicated his entire life to the worship of mother Tara. His ashram is also located close to the temple.
Tarapith is a small village of Sahapur Gram Panchayet, Margram Police Station located at 24°07′N 87°48′E / 24.11°N 87.80°E / 24.11; 87.80 on the banks of the Dwarka River in West Bengal. It is located in the flood plains amidst green paddy fields. It looks like a typical Bengali village with thatched roof huts and fish tanks. The town is located 6 km from Rampurhat Sub-Division in the Birbhum district. Rampurhat & 'Tarapith Road' in Chakpara is the nearest Railway Station from Asansol.

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West Bengal
West Bengal /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ (proposed new English name: Paschim Banga) is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. Covering a total area of 34,267 sq mi (88,750 km²), it is bordered by the countries of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, and the Indian states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. The state capital is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). West Bengal encompasses two broad natural regions: the Gangetic Plain in the south and the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan area in the north.
In the 3rd century BC, the broader region of Bengal was conquered by the emperor Ashoka. In the 4th century AD, it was absorbed into the Gupta Empire. From the 13th century onward, the region was ruled by several sultans, powerful Hindu states and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, until the beginning of British rule in the 18th century. The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) served for many years as the capital of British India. The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in expansion of Western education, culminating in development in science, institutional education, and social reforms of the region, including what became known as the Bengal Renaissance. A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20th century, Bengal was divided in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal – a state of India – and East Bengal, which initially joined the new nation of Pakistan, before becoming part of modern-day Bangladesh in 1971.

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Akbar
Jalal-ud-Din Muhammad Akbar (Persian: جلال الدین محمد اکبر ‎ - Jalāl ud-Dīn Muḥammad Akbar), also known as Shahanshah Akbar-e-Azam or Akbar the Great (14 October 1542 – 27 October 1605), was the third Mughal Emperor. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Emperor Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India. At the end of his reign in 1605 the Mughal empire covered most of northern and central India. He is most appreciated for having a liberal outlook on all faiths and beliefs and during his era, culture and art reached a zenith as compared to his predecessors.
Akbar was 13 years old when he ascended the Mughal throne in Delhi (February 1556), following the death of his father Humayun. During his reign, he eliminated military threats from the powerful Pashtun descendants of Sher Shah Suri, and at the Second Battle of Panipat he decisively defeated the newly self-declared Hindu king Hemu. It took him nearly two more decades to consolidate his power and bring all the parts of northern and central India into his direct realm. He influenced the whole of the Indian Subcontinent as he ruled a greater part of it as an emperor. As an emperor, Akbar solidified his rule by pursuing diplomacy with the powerful Hindu Rajput caste, and by marrying Rajput princesses.

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Arjun Munda
Arjun Munda (born 5 January 1968 in Khrangajhar Jamshedpur) is an Indian politician, former Member of Parliament to the 15th Lok Sabha. He resigned the 15th Lok Sabha membership on 26 February 2011, and is currently Chief Minister of Jharkhand.
He is married to Meera Munda. On May 9th, 2012 a helicopter carrying Munda and his wife to Chaibasa crash landed at the Birsa Munda Airport in Ranchi. Although the minister was reported to have been injured, both of them survived the accident.

His political career began in the 1980s as part of the Jharkhand movement, spearheaded by the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha. This movement sought to create a tribally-dominated state from the southern area of India's northern Bihar state. Munda's political clout grew due to his focus on helping tribals and other backwards. In 1995, he was elected to the Bihar state assembly, representing Kharswan. He retained that seat in 2000 and 2005 elections, but as of 2000, he was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)
Jharkhand was formed in 2000, with the BJP forming the first government under Babulal Marandi. Arjun Munda served as the Social Welfare Minister in his cabinet. In 2003, as the non-BJP Legislators supporting the government called for Marandi's replacement, it was Munda, viewed as a strong tribal leader, who was considered the best alternative. Munda took the position of Chief Minister on 18 March 2003 and held it until his resignation on 2 March 2005, which occurred after inconclusive state elections and the intervention of the state's governor, Syed Sibtey Razi.

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Babulal Marandi
Babu Lal Marandi (born 11 January 1958) was the first Chief Minister of Jharkhand. He is the founder and national president of Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik). He is the Member of Parliament from Koderma Lok Sabha constituency. He was the Minister of State, Forests & Environment, Govt. of India in the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government.
Babulal was born in a remote Kodia Bank village under Tisri block of Giridih district of the now Jharkhand province.
After passing high school, he moved to Giridih College from where he did his intermediate and graduation. It was there that he came in contact with the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh.
He worked as a teacher in a village primary school for a year before giving up the job to work for the Sangh Parivar. He served as the organising secretary of the Jharkhand region of Vishwa Hindu Parishad.
In 1983, he moved to Dumka and worked in the Santhal Parganas division, which he toured extensively. In those days, he used to live in the RSS office in Dumka.

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Bhagalpur
Bhagalpur (Devnagri :भागलपुर Tirhuta or Urdu :بہاگل پور or Bengali :ভাগলপুর) is a municipality situated in the planes of the Ganges river basin at the height of 141 feet above sea level in Bihar, India. It is the second largest city of Bihar, covers an area of 2569.50 km² and lies between 25.07'N - 25.30'N Latitude and between 86.37'E - 87.30'E Longitude. On the basis of,assumed average annual growth,Bhagalpur has been ranked as 120st fastest growing city in the world and 20th fastest growing city in India by City Mayors Foundation.Bhagalpur registered average annual growth of 3.72%,for the period of 2006-2010.It is the administrative headquarters of the Bhagalpur district. Bhagalpur is acclaimed the world over for its silk products and it is known in India as the "Silk City", famous for its Tussar Silk & Tussar Saree. Bhagalpur is the distorted form of Bhagdatpuram (meaning city of Good Luck) as it was called during the flourishing of the Anga Kingdom, and has been the seat of power since Bhagalpur also known as Silk City.

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Greeks
The Greeks, also known as the Hellenes (Greek: Ἕλληνες, [ˈelines]), are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and other regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.
Greek colonies and communities have been historically established in most corners of the Mediterranean, but Greeks have always been centered around the Aegean Sea, where the Greek language has been spoken since antiquity. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were uniformly distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, Pontus, Egypt, Cyprus and Constantinople; many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of the ancient Greek colonization.
In the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), a large-scale population exchange between Greece and Turkey transferred and confined Christians from Turkey, except Constantinople (effectively ethnic Greeks) into the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. Other ethnic Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and in diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.

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Lars Olsen Skrefsrud
Lars Olsen Skrefsrud (4 February 1840 – 11 December 1910) was a Norwegian missionary and language researcher in India. Together with Hans Peter Børresen he is regarded as the founder of the Norwegian missionary organization Santalmisjonen (from 2001 a part of Normisjon). He was followed by the missionary, linguist and folklorist Paul Olaf Bodding.
Skrefsrud came from the small place of Fåberg north of Lillehammer in Norway. As a young man he was imprisoned for three years, and during his incarceration he became a Christian and started to study both the Bible and languages, and became one of Norway's foremost linguists.
The mission he established in India has grown to a church with over 150,000 members in the Indian states of Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal and Assam. In the 1950s it became an independent institution - The Northern Evangelical Lutheran Church (NELC)

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Megasthenes
Megasthenes (Μεγασθένης, ca. 350 – 290 BCE) was a Greek ethnographer in the Hellenistic period, author of the work Indica. He was born in Asia Minor (modern day Turkey) and became an ambassador of Seleucus I of Syria possibly to Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra, India. However the exact date of his embassy is uncertain. Scholars place it before 298 BC, the date of Chandragupta's death.
Arrian explains that Megasthenes lived in Arachosia, with the satrap Sibyrtius, from where he visited India:
"Megasthenes lived with Sibyrtius, satrap of Arachosia, and often speaks of his visiting Sandracottus, the king of the Indians." Arrian, Anabasis Alexandri
We have more definite information regarding the parts of India Megasthenes visited. He entered the subcontinent through the district of the Pentapotamia, providing a full account of the rivers there (thought to be the five affluents of the Indus that form the Punjab region), and proceeded from there by the royal road to Pataliputra. There are accounts of Megasthenes having visited Madurai (then, a bustling city and capital of the Pandyas), but appears not to have visited any other parts of India.

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Pashtun people
Pashtuns (Pashto: پښتانه Pax̌tānə; also spelled Pushtuns, Pakhtuns or Pukhtuns), also known as ethnic Afghans (Persian: افغان‎) or Pathans (Urdu: پٹھان, Hindi: पठान Paṭhān), are an Eastern Iranian ethnic group with populations primarily in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Pashtuns are typically characterised by their usage of the Pashto language and practice of Pashtunwali, which is a traditional set of ethics guiding individual and communal conduct. Their origins are unclear but historians have come across references to various ancient peoples called Paktha (Pactyans) between the 2nd and the 1st millennium BC, who inhabited the region between the Hindu Kush and Indus River and may be the early ancestors of Pashtuns. Since the 3rd century AD and onward, they have been referred to by the ethnonym "Afghan".
Often characterised as a warrior and martial race, their history is spread amongst various countries of South, Central and Western Asia, centred around their traditional seat of power in medieval Afghanistan. During the Delhi Sultanate era, the Pashtun Lodi dynasty replaced the Turkic kingdoms as the ruling dynasty in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. Other Pashtuns fought the Persian Empire and the Mughal Empire before obtaining an independent state in the early-18th century, which began with a successful revolution by the Mirwais Hotak followed by conquests by Ahmad Shah Durrani. Pashtuns played a vital role during the Great Game from the 19th century to the 20th century as they were caught between the imperialist designs of the British and Russian empires.

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Paul Olaf Bodding
Paul Olaf Bodding (born Gjøvik, Norway on 2 November 1865, died Odense, Denmark on 25 September 1938) was a Norwegian missionary, linguist and folklorist. He served in India for 44 years (1889–1933), and operated mainly from the town Dumka in the Santhal Parganas-district. Bodding created the first alphabet and wrote the first grammar for the Santali-speaking native people in eastern India. In 1914 he also completed the translation of the Bible into the Santali language.
Paul Olaf Bodding had studied theology at the university of Oslo. He was a celebrated scientist, and he is still well known among the santals living in the states of Jharkand, Bihar and Assam as well as in Bangladesh and the Scandinavian countries.
Bodding was the son of a bookseller, and he first met the founder of The Indian Home Mission to the Santals (later developed to the NELC), Lars Olsen Skrefsrud, in his father's bookshop in Gjøvik. Skrefsrud was born just outside the neighbouring town Lillehammer, in Oppland, Norway.

wn.com/Paul_Olaf_Bodding
Shah Jahan
Shah Jahan(also spelled Shah Jehan, Shahjehan,(Urdu: شاه ‌جہاں, Persian: شاه جهان) (January 5, 1592–January 22, 1666), (full title: Shahanshah Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Malik-ul-Sultanat, Ala Hazrat Abu'l-Muzaffar Shahab ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I, Sahib-i-Qiran-i-Sani, Padshah Ghazi Zillu'llah, Firdaus-Ashiyani, Shahanshah—E--Sultanant Ul Hindiya Wal Mughaliya) was the emperor of the Mughal Empire in South Asia from 1628 until 1658. The name Shah Jahan comes from Persian meaning "Ruler of Everywhere". He was the fifth Mughal emperor after Babur, Humayun, Akbar, and Jahangir. While young, he was favourite of his legendary grandfather, Akbar the Great. Shah Jahan was a direct descendant of Genghis Khan through Timur and was the heir of the Mughal Empire of Babur, he is also alleged to have been a descendant of Charlemagne.
At a young age, he was chosen as successor to the Mughal throne after the death of Emperor Jahangir. He succeeded to the throne upon his father's death in 1627. He is considered to be one of the greatest Mughals, and his reign has been called the Golden Age of the Mughals and one of the most prosperous ages of Indian civilization. Like Akbar, he was eager to expand his vast empire. In 1658, he fell ill and was confined by his son Emperor Aurangzeb in the Agra Fort until his death in 1666.

wn.com/Shah_Jahan
Sher Shah Suri
Sher Shah Suri (1486 – May 22, 1545) (Pashto: فريد خان شیر شاہ سوری - Šīr Šāh Sūrī, Bengali: শের শাহ সুরি), birth name Farid Khan, also known as Sher Khan (The Lion King), was the founder of the Muslim Sur Empire in northern India, with its capital at Delhi. An Afghan (Pathan) by origin, he rebelled against the Mughals and took control of India in 1540 until an accidental death in 1545 when Islam Shah Suri became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal Army under Babur and then as the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Khan, power hungry turned on his true master and overran the state of Bengal and established the Sur Empire. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself a gifted administrator as well as an able general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar the Great, son of Humayun.
During his five year rule from 1540 to 1545, he set up a new template for civic and military administration, issued the first Rupee and re-organised the postal system of India. He further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra as Patna which had been in decline since the 7th century CE. He is also famously remembered for killing a fully grown tiger with his bare hands in a jungle of Bihar.

wn.com/Sher_Shah_Suri

Marek Tranda - Moja Dumka

: 26 września ukaże się debiutancki album Marka Trandy, pt. „Moja Dumka. Na płycie znajdą ...

published: 20 Jun 2008

author: emimusicpoland

Ilya Yakushev - Tchaikovsky's Dumka, op. 59

Dumka, op. 59 by Tchaikovsky performed by Ilya Yakushev live in concert. From the DVD "Ily...

published: 02 Jan 2010

author: Ilya Yakushev

Edyta Gorniak i Mietek Szczesniak - Dumka Na Dwa Serca

Music video by Edyta Gorniak i Mietek Szczesniak performing Dumka Na Dwa Serca. (P) 1998 T...

published: 12 Mar 2011

author: EdytaGorniakVEVO

Marek Tranda - Moja Dumka (Dendix Bootleg)

www.facebook.com SAME PRZEDPREMIERKI LAJKOWAC Fan Page Dendixa - www.facebook.com Pobierz ...

published: 08 Jun 2012

author: KoksikRaper

Horowitz plays Tchaikovsky Dumka (1942 rec.)

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893): Dumka, Op. 59 (Scenes from a Russian village) for so...

published: 20 Jul 2011

author: pianopera

dumka

...

published: 25 Dec 2012

author: 8084188741

Shuan hern lee - Dumka by Tchaikovsky

24.nov.2012 Shuan Hern (10yo) plays Dumka by Tchaikovsky at a fund raising concert. We get...

published: 26 Nov 2012

author: Shuan Hern Lee

Dong hyek lim : Tchaikovsky 'Dumka' Op.59

Dong hyek lim plays Tchaikovsky 'Dumka' 2007 Tchaikovsky international competition...

published: 27 Mar 2012

author: PianoYYJ

Found Shesh Naag in our Dumka district Jharkhand - created by Bipin Sen

This snake found in our Dumka district of Jharkhand.......

published: 25 May 2012

author: bipin sen

Alexei Sultanov - Tchaikovsky ''Dumka''

Played by Alexei Sultanov...

published: 17 Mar 2008

author: ChatlaninUef

DUMKA ANAMIKA AMBER 1.wmv PART 1

DUMKA ME KAVI SAMMELAN...

published: 07 Mar 2012

author: Mritunjay Pandey

Alexander Romanovsky plays Tchaikovsky: Dumka, Op.59

XIV Tchaikovsky Competition...

published: 24 Aug 2011

author: MegaVideoCollection

How to make Dumka Chicken - Kitchen 65

How to make Dumka Chicken - Kitchen 65...

published: 16 May 2012

author: abntelugutv

DUMKA ANAMIKA AMBER 3

...

published: 07 Mar 2012

author: Mritunjay Pandey

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photo: AP / Altaf Qadri

Indian anti-riot personnel stand guard at a check point after security was beefed up following the death of a young woman who was recently gang-raped in a moving bus in New Delhi, India, Saturday, Dec. 29, 2012.

India appeal for calm after Delhi gang-rape victim dies

BBC News

29 Dec 2012

Police in India have sealed off much of the capital, Delhi, and issued an appeal for calm after the death of a woman who was gang-raped in the city. The 23-year old woman, who has not been identified, died early on Saturday at a hospital in Singapore, where she had been taken for specialist treatment. Her body is to be flown back to India for burial ... Gatherings of more than five people have been banned in the city centre ... ....(size: 4.9Kb)

photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives

U.S. Army Spc. Jacob Bobbe, security force team member for Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Farah, maintains security on the street during a key leader engagement in the Lash-e Juwayn district of Farah province, Afghanistan, Dec. 11 2012.

Imperial Lockstep

CounterPunch

27 Dec 2012

Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)

photo: AP / Ben Curtis

In this Sunday, April 29, 2012 file photo, troops from the Central African Republic stand guard at a building used for joint meetings between them and U.S. Army special forces, in Obo, Central African Republic, where U.S. special forces have paired up with local troops and Ugandan soldiers to seek out Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army (LRA).

CAR seeks foreign help against rebels

Al Jazeera

28 Dec 2012

The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)

photo: AP / Shaam News Network

In this image taken from video obtained from the Shaam News Network, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, smoke rises from buildings from heavy shelling in Homs, Syria, on Thursday, Dec. 27, 2012.

Syria risks becoming ‘new Somalia’: UN envoy

Zeenews

30 Dec 2012

London. UN-Arab League envoy to Damascus, Lakhdar Brahimi, has said that a diplomatic solution to the conflict in Syria seemed far away, adding that the country risked being slithering into ‘hell’ ... (ANI). For Zee News’s Updates, follow us on Twitter , Facebook, Google+, Pinterest. First Published ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

photo: WN / Yolanda Leyba

Galaxy Note 2 vs. iPhone 5: Do The Companies Have Their Game Plans Right?

The Verge

28 Dec 2012

Galaxy Note 2 vs. iPhone 5. Do The Companies Have Their Game Plans Right?. Posted by Jay099 on December 28, 2012 02.15 pm 0. via. Mountain View at California seems to be a busy center now. Google is stepping up the gas on the march towards a holistic environment and experience for the consumers ... My Blog . My FB Page ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)

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Santhal Pargana districts eye IAP tag OUR BUREAU New Delhi/Dumka, Dec. 27: Union home and ...

The Telegraph India

28 Dec 2012

New Delhi/Dumka, Dec. 27 ... ....(size: 0.2Kb)

Marandi slams coalition OUR CORRESPONDENT Dumka, Dec. 26: Former chief minister Babulal Marandi today termed ...

The Telegraph India

27 Dec 2012

Dumka, Dec. 26 ... ....(size: 0.2Kb)

Make your positions clear: Marandi asks BJP/JMM

Zeenews

26 Dec 2012

Dumka. Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantric) chief Babulal Marandi on Wednesday asked the ruling allies JMM and BJP to clarify "who is lying" in the wake of the former claiming to have struck a purported power sharing deal with the latter ... "Going by that example, the BJP should have pulled out the government ... PTI ... First Published ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)

Centre to probe fraud in flagship scheme

The Times of India

24 Dec 2012

RANCHI. Union rural development ministry has decided to conduct an inquiry into alleged irregularities in Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) schemes in Godda, Dumka and Giridih districts of Jharkhand ... "I came to know about the irregularities in schemes undertaken by MGNREGA and other Centre sponsored schemes in Godda, Dumka and Giridih district ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)

Rail division at Bhagalpur soon: Minister

The Times of India

23 Dec 2012

The minister was here on Saturday to inaugurate the broad gauge railway line along with a train between Mandar Hill (Banka) and Hansdiha (Dumka district in Jharkhand). The railway line is a part of 130 km railway connectivity project between Mandar Hill (Bihar)-Dumka (Jharkhand)-Rampurhat (West Bengal) that was approved in the railway budget of 1995-1996....(size: 2.6Kb)

Homes razed in shilp gram RAJESH KUMAR PANDEY A bulldozer pulls down one of the ...

The Telegraph India

19 Dec 2012

Dumka, Dec. 18 ... ....(size: 0.2Kb)

Teachers' strike affects 55L students

The Times of India

19 Dec 2012

RANCHI ... For many, it meant going hungry without mid-day meal. "Teachers are on strike, we are not supporting it ... As many as 500 teachers will participate in the fast on December 19 and teachers from Chhotanagpur block will start hunger strike first followed by those from Palamu, Dumka and Kolhan blocks, said Kumar ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)

Women Trafficking In Jharkhand

Newswing

19 Dec 2012

for SALE ..!!. for SALE..!!. Trafficking in women and children is one of the worst abuses of human rights ... 85% of the trafficked victims have been below the age of 30 years. In most of the cases the offenders were known to the victim ... The trafficking affected districts include Garwah, Sahibganj, Dumka, Pakur, West Singhbhum (Chaibasa), Ranchi, Palamu, Hazaribagh, Dhanbad, Bokaro, Girdih, Kodarma and Lohardagga ... ....(size: 2.8Kb)

Levy root of rebel attack OUR CORRESPONDENT The charred remains of vehicles torched by the ...

The Telegraph India

18 Dec 2012

Dumka, Dec. 17 ... ....(size: 0.2Kb)

JMM on Panem offensive OUR CORRESPONDENT Dumka, Dec. 14: Jumping on the Panem relief and ...

The Telegraph India

15 Dec 2012

Dumka, Dec. 14 ... ....(size: 0.2Kb)

Album: Carmina Quartet, Teo Gheorghiu Dvorák: Piano Quintet in A major, String Quartet in F ...

The Independent

15 Dec 2012

Piano Quintet II Dumka; String Quartet II Lento ....(size: 0.7Kb)

Now, Hemant on Besra's graft radar

The Times of India

15 Dec 2012

JAMSHEDPUR. Jharkhand Peoples' Party president Surya Singh Besra on Friday targeted Hemant Soren, another deputy CM, accusing him of favouring a multinational consultancy firm ... He accused Hemant, Shibu Soren's son, of providing incorrect affidavit while filing nomination from Dumka seat during the election ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)

No check on overcrowded vehicles

The Times of India

15 Dec 2012

BOKARO. Overcrowded trekkers and auto-rickshaws with passengers precariously hanging on to the rods trying to get a foothold is a common site in Bokaro. An accident looks imminent during peak hours. Yet authorities remain unperturbed even after a recent death of a teenager ... Even if passengers express displeasure, drivers pay no heed to it ... The speeding truck hit the boy, a resident of Dumka, when he was hanging out of the trekker ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)

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This article is about the municipality in India. For its namesake district, see Dumka district. For the Slavic musical form, see Dumka (musical form).

Dumka

— city —

Dumka

Location of Dumka
in Jharkhand and India

Coordinates

24°16′N 87°15′E / 24.27°N 87.25°ECoordinates: 24°16′N 87°15′E / 24.27°N 87.25°E

Country

India

State

Jharkhand

District(s)

Dumka

Population

• Density

1,321,096 (2011)

• 300 /km² (777 /sq mi)

Sex ratio

974 ♂/♀

Time zone

IST (UTC+05:30)

Area

• Elevation

4,404.02 square kilometres (1,700.40 sq mi)

• 137 metres (449 ft)

Codes

• Pincode • 814101

• Telephone • +06434

• Vehicle • JH 04

Website

dumka.nic.in

Dumka,(Hindi: दुमका) headquarters of Dumka district, is a city and municipality in the state of Jharkhand, India. It was made the headquarters of the Santhal Pargana region which was carved out of Bhagalpur and Suri districts after The Great Santal Hul 1855. Presently, it is the commissionary headquarter of Santal Pargana division which has 6 districts. It was bestowed the status of sub-capital of Jharkhand state.

Origin of name [link]

There are two theories as to how Dumka got its present name. The first one being that Dumka got its name from the santali word Dumk which mean "shunted" or "small". Back during the British Raj it was a small town compared to Suri and Bhagalpur and hencce the name.

The other theory is that Dumka derives its name from a Persian word damin-i-koh, which means 'skirts (an edge, border or extreme part) of the hills'. The Mughals assigned this name to this and nearby areas on account of presence of hillocks and undulating terrain.^{[citation needed]}

Geography [link]

Dumka is located at 24°16′N 87°15′E / 24.27°N 87.25°E / 24.27; 87.25.^[1] It has an average elevation of 137 metres (449 feet).

The Dumka district has an area of 3716.02 km² and consists of only one sub division namely Dumka. Under the Dumka sub division, there are 10 blocks namely Dumka, Gopikander, Jama, Jarmundi, Kathikund, Maslia, Ramgarh, Raneshwar, Shikaripara and Saraiyahat.

Dumka District have many popular temples like Basukinath, Sirshanath, Maluti Mandir, Shiv Pahar, Dharamsthana. A lots of crowd visit these place during the month of Sawan. Babadham is also the most popular temple but it is situated in Deoghar District near the Dumka District.

Deoghar, Allahabad, Kanpur, New Delhi	Bhagalpur, Purnia, Godda, Hashdia	Siliguri, Guwahati, Shillong
Giridih, Hazaribagh		Rampurhat, Dhaka, Aizawl
	Dumka East

Dhanbad, Chittranjan	Rourkela, Asansol, Durgapur	Suri, Kolkata, Bay of Bengal

Physiography [link]

Dumka has predominantly undulating terrain with hard rocks in the underground. The entire district has a topography with high ridges and valleys bounded by mountains and rivers. The fertility of soil is poor due to extensive erosion, acidic character and low retaining capacity.

Climate [link]

Dumka has a warm-temperate climate, with warm, humid summers and mild, damp winters.

Climate data for Dumka
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °C (°F)	18.1 (64.6)	21.0 (69.8)	25.9 (78.6)	30.3 (86.5)	30.7 (87.3)	30.1 (86.2)	28.4 (83.1)	28.1 (82.6)	28.2 (82.8)	27.0 (80.6)	23.3 (73.9)	19.0 (66.2)	25.8 (78.4)
Average low °C (°F)	10.2 (50.4)	13.2 (55.8)	17.4 (63.3)	22.3 (72.1)	23.9 (75.0)	24.7 (76.5)	24.1 (75.4)	23.7 (74.7)	23.6 (74.5)	21.0 (69.8)	16.0 (60.8)	11.1 (52.0)	19.3 (66.7)
Precipitation mm (inches)	9.0 (0.354)	15.0 (0.591)	21.0 (0.827)	35.0 (1.378)	72.0 (2.835)	198.0 (7.795)	343.0 (13.504)	293.0 (11.535)	273.0 (10.748)	116.0 (4.567)	9.0 (0.354)	7.0 (0.276)	116.0 (4.567)
Source: Weatherbase ^[2]

History [link]

Stone-age: On the basis of tools unearthed the original inhabitants appear to be the Mon-khmers and the Mundas.

Early History: The earlier inhabitants of the present-day district of whom there is same record, it appears, were the Paharias (for example, the Maler and Sauria Paharias). The Greek traveler Megasthenes identified these people as Mallis. He referred to the Sauria Paharias as savars of Orisa.

Medieval History: Due to inaccessibility of the area caused by the cliffs of the Rajmahal Hills, it was a place of strategic economic importance, with a fort at Teliagarhi.

After the 1539 victory of Sher Shah Suri at Chousa, the area fell into the hands of the Afghans, but it was soon lost to the Mughals under Akbar when Hussain Quli Khan was made viceroy of Bengal.

British Period: The English representative, Dr. Gabriel Bokgliton, procured a farman from Shah Jahan.

1742-1751: The area of Dumka close to Rajmahal witnessed frequent inroads by the Marathas under Raghoji Bhosle and Peshwa Balaji Rao.

1745: Raghoji Bhosle entered Rajmahal via the hills and jungles of Santal Pargana. The early stay of the English was spent in subduing the Paharias.

1769: Dumka remained a Ghatwali police post under Birbhum District of Bengal.

1775: Dumka was transferred to Bhagalpur Division.

1865: Dumka was made an independent district after being carved out of Bhagalpur.

1872: Dumka was made headquarters of the whole district of Santal Pargana.

1889: Paul Olaf Bodding started his service in India (Dumka/Benagaria) after Lars Olsen Skrefsrud, and Bodding created the first alphabet for the Santhals. The NELC-church was created as a Lutheran Church in this area - before the Catholics had established a mission in this area at all.

1902: The first municipality was established.

1920: Motor cars and buses were introduced.

1952: The Apostolic Prefecture of Malda was erected. In 1962, it was promoted to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dumka

1983: Dumka made divisional headquarters of Santal Pargana.

2000: Dumka became the sub-capital of Jharkhand.

2011: Dumka is connected with newly built Jasidih - Dumka railway line.

Demographics [link]

As of 2011^[update] India census,^[3] Dumka had a population of 13,21,096. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Dumka has an average literacy rate of 62.54%, lower than the national average of 74.4%: male literacy is 75.17% and, female literacy is 49.60%. In Dumka, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.but after 5 years its literacy rate is increase and now it became 82%,also literacy rate of female is grown and reached up to 79%.

Transport [link]

Main article: Dumka Station

Jasidih Dumka Rampurhat New Rail Line

from Howrah-Delhi Main Line

Jasidih

Deoghar

to Sultanganj

Nowadih

Jharkhand-Bihar border

Chandan

to Sahibganj Loop

---------------------------------

State Highway 6

Mohanpur

Trukati Hills 392m

Ghormara

Chandanpahari

Basukinath

Jama

State Highway 6

to Bhagalpur

Hasdiha

Jharkhand-Bihar border

Mandar hill

Mandar Vidyapith Halt

Panjwara Road

to Banka

Telia

Murahara

Banka

---------------------------------

Barahat

Punsia

Dhauni

Sanjha

Tikani

Hatpuraini

Gani Dham Halt

Kollikhutaha

Bhagalpur

to Sahibganj Loop

---------------------------------

Madanpur Halt

Dumka

Kurwa

Patabari

Barmasia

Sikaripara

Harinsing

Adalpahari

Piragaria

Jharkhand-West Bengal border

134

Rampurhat

to Sahibganj Loop

Dumka is a small town, it is connected with road to the neighboring city. However in July 2011 Dumka is connected with newly built Jasidih - Dumka railway line. Since then city has seen a goring number of three Wheeler on road. Although there is an ongoing work on new railway line, which will connect Dumka to Bhagalpur (Bihar) and Rampurhat (west Bangal) in coming years.

But Buses are the preferred mode of transport and are run by both government agencies and private operators.Dumka has good connectivity to it neighboring district with buses.There is luxury night bus service between Dumka - Ranchi and Kolkata.

Tourist places [link]

Baba Basukinath Dham [link]

Basukinath is located in Dumka District of Jharkhand. It lies on the Deoghar – Dumka state highway and is around 25 km northwest of Dumka. It is a place of pilgrimage for Hindus. Basukinath Temple is the main attraction here.It is situated on Jasidih Dumka New Railway line and Basukinath Railway Station is the nearest railheads. Ranchi Airport is the nearest airport. It is situated at Jarmundi Block on Dumka Deoghar State Highway at a distance of 24 km from the Distrcit Headquarters Dumka. In a year lacs and lacs people from different parts of country come here to worship Lord Shiva. In the month of Shravan people of several country also come here to worship Lord Shiva. For more details, kindly follow : http://www.bababasukinath.in

Malooti [link]

Mallooti is a historical and religious place which is situated in Shikaripara Block on Dumka Rampurhat interstate highway at a distance of 55 km from Dumka District Headquarters. In 1860 Mallooti was made taxfree capital by the then King Basant Rai alias Basant. This Mallooti is associated with the archaeological and religious importal place for natural beauty.

Malooti mandir

Baba Sumeshwar Nath [link]

It is a religious place which is situated in Saraiyahat Block at the distance of 60 km from district headquarters Dumka. There is a big temple of the Lord Shiva. On the eve of Mahashivaratri the people of different parts of the district come here to worship Lord Shiva in addition to daily worshiping.

Masanjore Dam [link]

Masanjore is a famous picnic spot situated in Dumka District of Jharkhand. This small village is about 31 km south of Dumka. The picturesque Masanjore dam on the Mayurakshi River is a major draw. From the counterpart rupee fund created through supplies of wheat and other materials from Canada for use in India, Canada Govt. devoted those funds to further development of the Mayurakshi project And Masanjore dam was commissioned in 1955. That's why the Dam still mentioned as Canada Dam. The dam is bounded by hills and forests, a perfect place for outing. Mayurakshi Bhawan Bungalow and Inspection Bungalow offer excellent and comfortable accommodation in the village. By road, Masanjore is connected with Vakreshwara (59 km), Sainthia (50 km), Tarapith (70 km), Rampurhat (62 km) and Deoghar (98 km). Masanjor dam or the Pearson dam on river Mayurakshi is a picturesque place on foot hills of long range of forest clad parallel hill ranges. This place is basically a hydro electric power generating center but in the process of time it has become popular center for the tourist. With the beautiful garden on the down hill and two beautiful Dak-bunglows on the bank of the river at charm to its beauty.

Tatloi [link]

It is a hot water Spring, situated at a distance of 15 km from the district headquarters of Dumka. It is rounded by small mounts, beautiful, attractive and greenish natural atmosphere. The water of spring is very clear and healthy.

Kumrabad [link]

This is a very beautiful picnic spot. Just 13 km from the Dumka town, you find a rare view of natural beauty with small hills,beside that smooth flowing Mayurakshi River.

Hill Range [link]

Running south from pakur to godda. The hill range of Dumka seen parallel and terminate in th Mangalbhanga hill. To the south east of Dumka is Ramgarh hills further west two parallel renges of hills also stretch in an easterly direction from Masanjor to Ranibhal. Beside hill ranges some hillocks are also in like (i) Lagwa hil at Nonihat under which lies the Tatloi hot water stream (ii) Hijla hill top. (iii) Sapchala hill top. (iv) Chuto pahadi. Maluti (Temple village on way to Rampurhat).

Kurwa (Shrishti)[link]

It is a small picnic spot about 5 km to the south of Dumka. It has a beautiful park, facilities for boating and a small hill.

Chutonath [link]

It is situated 20 k.m. away from the District headquarter. It is a beautiful place and picnic spot having natural beauty surrounded by hillocks and river. Chutonath is a religious place of Hindu god Lord chutonath.

Politics [link]

The first Chief Minister of Jharkhand, Babulal Marandi, hailed from Dumka constituency. In the year 2000, when Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar, NDA came to power in Jharkhand with Marandi as the Chief Minister. However, he had to resign and make way for Arjun Munda (BJP) for the post in 2002 following pressure exerted by coalition allies primarily JD(U). Recently, he formed his own party with Stephan Marandi, another political leader of the state.

Shibu Soren is another familiar and famous politician associated with Dumka. His political career has been mired in controversies, starting since Indira Gandhi's prime ministership. Recently, he has been sent to Dumka jail after being convicted of murdering his private secretary Shashinath Jha. But, the Delhi High Court acquitted him of the murder charge of his private secretary because of the lack of the evidences. A number of cases is still pending before the Jamtara Session Court and some of the other courts of the Jharkhand.

Schools and colleges [link]

The district has some good schools and colleges which have been imparting the value of education. Zila School, National School, Govt. Girls School, Dumka Central School are the Schools which provide education till +2 level. Other schools of repute which provide education till secondary level are Sido Kanhu High School, St. Teresa High school (for girls) and Holy Child, N.E.L.C. Don Bosco School, St. Joseph's High School. other schools of same repute are Ananda Marga School(kurwa),Modern Sainik School, Green Mount Academy etc. They are known for good standard of education. The town also boasts of having S. P. College and A. N. College which run under the S.K.M. University. S. P. College offers undergraduate, graduate as well as Post graduate courses in various disciplines of science, Arts and commerce. Recently B.Ed. course has also been introduced. It has IGNOU study Centre as well which provides for teaching of IGNOU courses.Another well known University is Birsa Agricultural University which provides technical Education related to Agriculture.

Education [link]

The town has very good colleges and schools. S.P. College leads the pack and offers graduation and Post graduation in social science, pure science, economics, mathematics and other subjects. Dumka also has a polytechnic and an ITI but unfortunately no engineering, medical or dental college, so those who wish to pursue a career in these subjects have to move out of the city. A good number of schools are also there to provide the educational needs of the students of this locality.

S.P. College in Dumka provides vocational courses in education (B. Ed, BCA & BBA). IT also runs an IGNOU centre to provide distance learning education in various certificate, diploma, graduation and post graduation courses.

Banks in Dumka [link]

Nationalized Banks

Allahabad Bank (Neach Bazar Road)
Bank of Baroda (Tin Bazar Chock)
Bank of India (Thana Road)
Canara Bank (Thana Road)
Central Bank of India (Tata Showroom)
Indian Bank (Dudhani)
Oriental Bank of Commerce (Neach Bazar)
Panjab National Bank (Bagalpur Road)
Union Bank of India (Neach Bazar)
United Bank of India (Dhramshala Road)
UCO Bank (kuldeep singh Road)

New Private Banks

Axis Bank (Baghalpur Road)
ICICI Bank (Chuha Bagan)
HDFC Bank (Thana Road)

Regional Rural Bank

Vananchal Gramin Bank

State Bank Group

State Bank of India (Main Branch)
State Bank of India (Bazar Branch)
State Bank of India (AMY Dudhani)

ATMs in Dumka [link]

Axis Bank
- Bagalpur Road
- Near Dharmastan (Beside Mani Dress)
- Shiv Pahar Chock
Canera Bank
- Near Dharmastan (Beside Mani Dress)
HDFC Bank
- Thana Road
ICICI Bank
- Bhagalpur Road (Near Tin Bazar)
- Chuha Bagan
PNB
- Bagalpur Road
SBI
- Dudhani
- Court Road (Main Branch)
- In front of SBI, Bazar Branch
- LIC
- Pokhra Chowk
- Tin Bazar Chowk, 3-Beside Raymond Showroom
Union Bank of India
- Niche Bazar

References [link]

^ Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Dumka
^ "Weatherbase: Weather for Dumka, India". Weatherbase. 2011. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=425991&refer=&units=us. Retrieved on November 22, 2011.
^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999. Retrieved 2008-11-01.

External links [link]

v t e Cities and towns in Santhal Parganas

Deoghar district	Deoghar Jasidih Madhupur

Dumka district	Basukinath Dumka

Godda district	Godda Lalmatia Colliery

Jamtara district	Jamtara Mihijam

Pakur district	Pakur

Sahebganj district	Rajmahal Sahebganj

Related topics	Santhal Pargana Division topics

Cities and towns in other Divisions	North Chotanagpur Kolhan Palamu South Chotanagpur

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Dong-Hyek Lim
Born	(1984-07-25) July 25, 1984 (age 27) Seoul, South Korea
Genres	Classical
Occupations	Pianist
Instruments	Piano
Years active	fl. ca. 1996-present
Labels	EMI
Website	http://www.donghyek.com/

Dong-Hyek Lim
Hangul	임동혁
Revised Romanization	Im Dong(-)hyeok
McCune–Reischauer	Im Dong-hyŏk

Dong-Hyek Lim (born July 25, 1984 in Seoul) is a South Korean classical pianist. Lim has previously studied with Arie Vardi at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater in Hanover and received the Samsung Culture Scholarship and the Ezoe Scholarship. He currently studies with Emanuel Ax at the Juilliard School.^[1]

1 Childhood
2 Awards
3 Performing and recording career
4 Personal life
5 References
6 External links

Childhood [link]

Lim first began to study piano at the age of seven, following in the footsteps of his elder brother Dong-Min Lim, who is also an acclaimed young pianist. He won the Grand Prix at the Hanguk Daily Newspaper Competition^[2] and was chosen the year's best young pianist by the Korean Children Association at the age of 9. In 1994, he moved to Moscow to study at the Moscow Central Music School. He graduated in 1998 and became the youngest student in the history of the Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory and continued his studies there with Professor Lev Naumov. At age 11, he gave a recital attended by the orthodox Patriarch Alexius II and performed in front of the Russian President Boris Yeltsin.^[3]

Awards [link]

Lim has been the recipient of many prominent awards. In September 1996, he took second prize in the Chopin Competition for Young Pianists in Moscow [1] and received much international attention by being the youngest participant in the competition and by placing with his elder brother Dong-Min Lim who tied for first prize. In 2000, Lim placed fifth at the International Busoni Piano Competition in Italy [2] and won second prize at the Hamamatsu International Piano Competition^[4] in Japan.

In December 2001, he became the youngest winner of the Premier Grand Prix in the history of the Marguerite Long-Jacques Thibaud International Piano Competition in Paris and also five other special awards.^[5]

Lim created controversy in 2003 upon his refusal of his third prize placement in the Queen Elisabeth Music Competition in Brussels, stating that the judging wasn't fair.^[6] The third place prize was consequently 'unawarded' for the first time since the establishment of the competition in 1938, and Lim's name and placement is missing from the laureat's page on the official web site.^[7]

Lim participated in the 15th International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in October 2005 and shared the third prize his elder brother Dong-Min Lim, with no second prize being awarded.^[8] He then placed fourth with fellow contestant Sergei Sobolev in the 13th International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow in June 2007, where no first prize was awarded.^[9]

Performing and recording career [link]

Lim has performed in many venues including the Seoul Arts Center, Small and Great Halls of the Moscow State Conservatory, Salle Pleyel and Salle Cortot in Paris, the Lazienki Palace in Warsaw, the Konzerthaus in Berlin, Wigmore Hall in London, and the Philharmonic Hall in Beppu, Japan.^[1] He has also participated in renowned festivals such as Verbier in Switzerland, Klavier-Festival Ruhr in Germany, the 57th International Chopin Festival in Poland, Festival de Radio France et Montpellier, Piano aux Jacobins festival in France and Martha Argerich’s Festival [3] in Lugano.^[1]

He also appeared with reputable orchestras: the NHK Symphony Orchestra under Charles Dutoit, the St. Petersburg Philharmonic under Yuri Temirkanov, the Orchestre National de France under Kurt Masur, the Orchestre Philharmonique de Radio France under Lawrence Foster and Myung-Whun Chung, the National Orchestra of Belgium under Alexander Dmitriev, the BBC Symphony Orchestra under Jiri Belohlavek, the European Union Youth Orchestra under Vladimir Ashkenazy, the Northern Sinfonia under Thomas Zehetmair, the Moscow Symphony Orchestra, the New Japan Philharmonic and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra.

In May 2001, Lim became the youngest pianist ever to make a recording contract with EMI Classics. He received the Diapason d'Or award^[10] in France for his debut album of Chopin, Schubert, and Ravel under the "Martha Argerich Presents" series, released in June 2002. His second recording for EMI, featuring Chopin's B minor Sonata and other minor works, released in 2004, was awarded the Choc Prize by Le Monde de la Musique.^[1] His third album of Bach's Goldberg Variations and the Bach-Busoni Chaconne in D Minor was released in August, 2008 under EMI.^[1]

Lim will be participating in the Ditto Festival, a classical music festival in Seoul with a duo recital with Gautier Capuçon in June, 2010.

Personal life [link]

In November 2009, Lim's mother suddenly died while he was on tour in Malaysia. He played Ravel's Pavane for a Dead Princess in her honor at his recital at the Seoul Arts Center in February, 2010.^[11]

References [link]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e (Korean) Official web site
^ (Korean) Lim brothers win prize Hankook Daily 2005-10-23
^ (Korean) Article on Lim Dong Hyek Yonhap News 2001-05-26
^ Lim wins 2nd prize The 5th Hamamatsu International Piano Competition Official Site
^ Laureat Dong-Hyek Lim Marguerite Long-Jacques Thibaud International Piano Competition
^ (Korean) Lim refuses prize Yonhap News 2003-06-09
^ Laureats 2003 Queen Elisabeth International Music Competition
^ International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition Edition XV (2005)
^ (Korean) Lim shares fourth place Donga Ilbo 2007-07-02
^ (Korean) Lim wins Diapason d'Or Donga Ilbo 2002-09-16
^ (Korean) In memory of his mother Yonhap News 2010-02-05

External links [link]

(Korean) Dong-Hyek Lim official web site
(German) Klavier-Festival Ruhr
(French) Piano aux Jacobins festival
Progetto Martha Argerich
(Korean) Ditto Festival

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Alexei Sultanov (Russian: Алексей Султанов 7 August 1969 – 30 June 2005) was a Russian-American classical pianist of Uzbek origin.

His father was a cellist, his mother was a violinist, and his grandmother was a well-known Uzbek actress. At the age of 6, he began piano lessons in Tashkent with Tamara Popovich. He became famous after winning the Eighth Van Cliburn International Piano Competition in 1989, at the age of 19. He was the youngest contestant in that year's competition. Listeners were awed by his virtuosic technique, musicality, and dynamic range. After winning the Van Cliburn, he made appearances on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson and Late Night with David Letterman.

In October 1995, Sultanov won second prize at the International Frederick Chopin Piano Competition; the grand prize was not awarded. Sultanov refused to accept the second prize, and suffered a severe stroke soon after. Even after a second stroke in 2001 paralyzed his left side, Sultanov continued to play the piano with his right hand with his wife, Dace Abele, accompanying him with the left hand. He died on June 30, 2005 at the age of 35 in Fort Worth.

External links [link]

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In this Vietnamese name, the family name is Dang. According to Vietnamese custom, this person should properly be referred to by the given name Son.

Đặng Thái Sơn (born July 2, 1958 in Hanoi) is a Vietnamese pianist, winner at the Tenth International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw.

Musical career [link]

Dang began studying the piano in Hanoi, Vietnam with his mother, Madame Thai Thi Lien, founder of the Vietnam National Academy of Music. He was discovered by Russian pianist Isaac Katz in 1974, which allowed him to continue with his advanced training at the Moscow Conservatory in Russia with Vladimir Natanson, a disciple of Samuil Feinberg, and with Dmitri Bashkirov.

He was awarded the First Prize and Gold Medal at the Tenth International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw, although the elimination of Ivo Pogorelić in the third round - leading to the Argentine pianist Martha Argerich quitting the jury in protest - somewhat overshadowed Son's award.

Dang has performed in more than 40 countries and on concert stages of such world-renowned halls as Lincoln Center, Barbican Center (London), Salle Pleyel (Paris), Herculessaal (Munich), Musikverein (Vienna), Concertgebouw (Amsterdam), Sydney Opera House (Sydney) and Suntory Hall (Tokyo).

Dang has been featured with world-class orchestras including the Leningrad Philharmonic, Montreal Symphony Orchestra, BBC Philharmonic, Dresden Philharmonic, Staatskapelle Berlin, Oslo Philharmonic, Warsaw Philharmonic, Helsinki Philharmonic, Sydney Symphony, Moscow Philharmonic, and many more. He has also under the direction of great music directors from Sir Neville Marriner and Pinchas Zukerman to Mariss Jansons and Ken-Ichiro Kobayashi.

He has performed throughout the world with celebrated international musicians, including Yo-Yo Ma, Seiji Ozawa, Kathleen Battle, Mstislav Rostropovich, Pinchas Zukerman, Murray Perahia, Vladimir Ashkenazy, and Isaac Stern. In addition, he can be heard on Deutsche Grammophon, Melodya, Polskie Nagrania, CBS Sony, Victor JVC and Analekta recording labels.

He continues to give masterclasses throughout the world, and sits as a member of the jury for piano competitions, including Cleveland, Hamamatsu, Rachmaninoff, Sviatoslav Richter, and Arthur Rubenstein competitions. He was a member of the jury for the Chopin International Piano Competition in 2005 and 2010, where also performed as a special guest artist for the Opening Gala Concert along with Martha Argerich.

Son has received particular acclaim for his interpretations of the music of Chopin. He now resides in Montreal, Canada, where he teaches at the University of Montreal.

“A genuine musician” —Isaac Stern
“A pianist of superb discipline and undeniable distinction…spectacular and musically delirious” —The Boston Globe

External links [link]

Official website - [1]
[2]

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dang_Thai_Son

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Persondata
Name	Lim, Dong-Hyek
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	1984-07-25
Place of birth	Seoul, South Korea
Date of death
Place of death

Persondata
Name	Sultanov, Alexei
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	7 August 1969
Place of birth	Tashkent
Date of death	30 June 2005
Place of death	Fort Worth

Persondata
Name	Son, Dang Thai
Alternative names
Short description	Vietnamese-Canadian classical pianist
Date of birth	July 2, 1958
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

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