- published: 01 Feb 2007
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- author: chevalblanc61
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24 Hours of Le Mans
The 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 24 Heures du Mans) is the world's oldest active sports car race in endurance racing, held annually since 1923 near the town of Le Mans, France. Commonly known as the Grand Prix of Endurance and Efficiency, race teams have to balance speed against the cars' ability to run for 24 hours without sustaining mechanical damage to the car and manage the cars' consumables, primarily fuel, tyres and braking materials. The endurance of the drivers is likewise tested as drivers frequently spend stints of over two hours behind the wheel before stopping in the pits and allowing a relief driver to take over the driving duties. Drivers then grab what food and rest they can before returning to drive another stint. Today it is mandated that three drivers share each competing vehicle.
The race is organised by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and runs on the Circuit de la Sarthe, a circuit containing a mix of closed public roads and specialist motor racing circuit that are meant not only to test a car and driver's ability to be quick, but also to last over a 24 hour period. The competing teams will race in groups called classes for cars of similar specification while at the same time competing for outright placing amongst all of the classes. Originally the race was held for cars as they were sold to the general public which were then called Sports Cars compared to the specialist racing cars used in Grands Prix. Over time the competing vehicles evolved away from their publicly-available road car roots and today the race is made of two classes specialised enclosed-bodywork two-seat Prototype sports cars and two classes of Grand Touring cars which bear much closer resemblance to high performance sports cars as sold to the public.
wn.com/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans -
6th of October City
6th of October City (Arabic: مدينة السادس من أكتوبر Madinat as Sādis min Uktūbar) is a satellite city of Cairo, Egypt. It has a population of about 500,000. It was the capital of the now defunct 6th of October Governorate. A new cosmopolitan city in the desert, it hosts students of many nationalities who seek education at its private universities.
The city was established in 1979 by the 504th presidential decree of president Anwar El Sadat. It is 17 km from the great pyramids of Giza and 32 km from downtown Cairo. The city has a total area of 97.4 thousand feddans (400 km2) and is expected to eventually have 3.7 million inhabitants. It was announced as the capital of the 6th of October Governorate in April 2008. Following the governorate's dissolution in April 2011, it was reincorporated into the Giza Governorate, to which it had originally belonged.
The city's name commemorates Egypt's military operations in the 1973 6th of October War. The 6th of October is also Egypt's Armed Forces Day.
wn.com/6th_of_October_City -
Barcelona
Barcelona (English /bɑrsɨˈloʊnə/, Catalan: [bərsəˈɫonə], Spanish: [barθeˈlona]) is the capital of Catalonia and the second largest city in Spain, after Madrid, with a population of 1,621,537 within its administrative limits on a land area of 101.4 km2 (39 sq mi). The urban area of Barcelona extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of between 4,200,000 and 4,500,000 within an area of 803 km2 (310 sq mi), being the sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, the Ruhr, Madrid and Milan. About five million people live in the Barcelona metropolitan area. It is also Europe's largest metropolis on the Mediterranean Sea. It is the main component of an administrative area of Greater Barcelona, with a population of 3,218,071 in an area of 636 km² (density 5,060 hab/km²). It is located on the Mediterranean coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs and is bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola ridge (512 m/1,680 ft).
Founded as a Roman city, Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona. After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon, Barcelona became one of the most important cities of the Crown of Aragon. Besieged several times during its history, Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination. Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner, which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean is located in Barcelona. The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions, including the 1888 Exposición Universal de Barcelona, the 1929 Barcelona International Exposition (Expo 1929), the 2004 Universal Forum of Cultures, and the 2004 World Urban Forum.
wn.com/Barcelona -
Brazil
Brazil
i/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, 
listen (help·info)), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi). It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile.
Brazil was a colony of Portugal from the landing of Pedro Álvares Cabral in 1500 until 1815, when it was elevated to the rank of kingdom and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed. The colonial bond was in fact broken in 1808, when the capital of the Portuguese colonial empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, after Napoleon invaded Portugal.Independence was achieved in 1822 with the formation of the Empire of Brazil, a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system. The country became a presidential republic in 1889, when a military coup d'état proclaimed the Republic, although the bicameral legislature, now called Congress, dates back to the ratification of the first constitution in 1824. Its current Constitution, formulated in 1988, defines Brazil as a Federal Republic. The Federation is formed by the union of the Federal District, the 26 States, and the 5,564 Municipalities.
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Cantabria
Cantabria (English /kænˈtɑːbriə/, /kænˈtæbriə/; Spanish: [kanˈtaβɾja]) is a Spanish historical region and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community (province of Biscay), on the south by Castile and León (provinces of León, Palencia and Burgos), on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).
Cantabria belongs to Green Spain, the name given to the strip of land between the Bay of Biscay and the Cantabrian Mountains, so called because of its particularly lush vegetation, due to the wet and moderate oceanic climate. The climate is strongly influenced by Atlantic Ocean winds trapped by the mountains; the average precipitation is about 1,200 mm (47 inches).
Cantabria is the richest region in the world for archaeological sites from the Upper Paleolithic period, although the first signs of human occupation date from Lower Paleolithic. The most significant site for cave paintings is that in the cave of Altamira, dating from about 16,000 to 9000 BC and declared, along with nine other Cantabrian caves, as World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.
wn.com/Cantabria -
Chennai
Chennai /ˈtʃɛnaɪ/, formerly Madras /məˈdræs/, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is a major commercial, cultural, and educational centre in South India, while the port of Chennai is the second largest port in India. As of the 2011 census, the city had 4.68 million residents making it the sixth most populous city in India; the urban agglomeration, which comprises the city and its suburbs, was home to approximately 8.9 million, making it the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the country.
Although the area has been part of successive South Indian kingdoms through centuries, the recorded history of the city began in the colonial times, specifically with the arrival of British East India Company and the establishment in 1644 of Fort St George, an English settlement. The British defended several attacks from the French colonial forces, and from the kingdom of Mysore, on Chennai's way to become a major naval port and presidency city by late eighteenth century. Following the independence of India, Chennai became the capital of Tamil Nadu and a hotbed of regional politics that tended to bank on Dravidian identity of the populace. Chennai had become a bustling metropolis with beautiful classical and colonial European styled buildings, lining the city’s thoroughfares.
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City of Sunderland
The City of Sunderland /ˈsʌndərlənd/ is a local government district of Tyne and Wear, in North East England, with the status of a city and metropolitan borough. It is named after its largest settlement, Sunderland, but covers a far larger area which includes the towns of Hetton-le-Hole, Houghton-le-Spring, Washington, and a range of suburban villages.
The district was formed in 1974 as the Metropolitan Borough of Sunderland as part of the provisions of the Local Government Act 1972 and is an amalgamation of four former local government districts of County Durham. It was granted city status in 1992, the 40th anniversary of the Queen Elizabeth II's accession. The city had a population of 280,807 at the time of the 2001 census, with the majority of the population (177,739) residing in Sunderland. The 'Sunderland Urban Area' (including Whitburn in South Tyneside) is quoted alternatively as having a population of around 200,000.
The metropolitan borough was formed in 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972 by the merger of several districts of County Durham - Washington Urban District, Houghton-le-Spring Urban District and Hetton Urban District - with the County Borough of Sunderland.
wn.com/City_of_Sunderland -
Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
wn.com/Detroit -
Egypt
Egypti/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
wn.com/Egypt -
Gauteng
Gauteng (/ɡaʊˈtɛŋ/ or /xaʊˈtɛŋ/; Sotho pronunciation [xɑ́.ú.ˈtʼè.ŋ̀]) is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. It was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first all-race elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging (or PWV) and was renamed 'Gauteng' in December 1994.
Situated in the heart of the Highveld, Gauteng is the smallest province in South Africa, with only 1.4% of the land area, but it is highly urbanised, containing the cities of Johannesburg and Pretoria. As of 2007[update], it had a population of nearly 10.5 million, making it the most populous province in South Africa.
The name Gauteng comes from the Sesotho word meaning "Place of Gold", the historical Sesotho name for Johannesburg and surrounding areas. This referred to the thriving gold industry in the province following the 1886 discovery of gold in Johannesburg. The Sesotho word is a locative derived from the Afrikaans goud (gold) plus the locative suffix "-ng." When properly pronounced, the first letter of the name Gauteng is a voiceless velar fricative, pronounced similarly to the "ch" in the German achtung or Scottish loch and the same as the Dutch "g" or the Spanish "g" as in gente. This pronunciation is natural in both the Sesotho and Afrikaans languages.
wn.com/Gauteng -
Giza Governorate
Giza Governorate (Arabic: محافظة الجيزة Muḥāfaẓat al Ǧīza) is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is in the center of the country, situated on the west bank of the Nile River opposite Cairo. Its capital is the city of Giza. It includes a stretch of the left bank of the Nile Valley around Giza, and acquired a large stretch of desert, including Bahariya Oasis when the 6th of October Governorate was merged into it on 14 April 2011. The Giza Governorate is also home to the Great Sphinx and the Pyramids of Giza.
wn.com/Giza_Governorate -
Guangzhou
Guangzhou (Chinese: 广州; Mandarin pronunciation: [kwɑ̀ŋʈʂóʊ̯]), known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port. One of the five National Central Cities, it holds sub-provincial administrative status.
Guangzhou is the third largest city in China and southern China's largest city. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 12.78 million. Some estimates place the population of the entire Pearl River Delta Mega City built up area as high as 40 million including Shenzhen (10.36 million), Dongguan (8.22 million) and most parts of Foshan (7.19 million), Jiangmen (4.45 million), Zhongshan (3.12 million) and a small part of Huizhou adjoining Dongguan and Shenzhen, with an area of about 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) (about the size of US state of New Jersey). In 2008 Guangzhou was identified as a Beta World City by the global city index produced by GaWC.
wn.com/Guangzhou -
Hino Motors
Coordinates: 35°40′28″N 139°22′43.5″E / 35.67444°N 139.37875°E / 35.67444; 139.37875 (Hino Motors, Tokyo)
Hino Motors, Ltd. (日野自動車株式会社, Hino Jidōsha, TYO: 7205 ), commonly known as simply Hino, is a manufacturer of diesel trucks, buses, and other vehicles, based in Hino, Tokyo, Japan. Since 1973 the company has been the leading producer of medium and heavy-duty diesel trucks in Japan.[citation needed] It is a subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation.
The company traces its roots back to the founding of Tokyo Gas Industry Company in 1910. In 1910 Chiyoda Gas Co. was established and competed fiercely against incumbent Tokyo Gas Company fighting for gas lighting users. Tokyo Gas Industry was a parts supplier for Chiyoda Gas but it was defeated and merged into Tokyo Gas in 1912. Losing its largest client, Tokyo Gas Industry Co. broadened their product line including electronic parts, and renamed itself as Tokyo Gas and Electric Industry(東京瓦斯電気工業), TG&E and was often abbreviated as Gasuden. It produced its first motor vehicle in 1917, the Model TGE "A-Type" truck. In 1937, TG&E merged its automobile division with that of Automobile Industry Co., Ltd. and Kyodo Kokusan K.K., to form Tokyo Automobile Industry Co., Ltd., with TG&E as a shareholder. Four years later, the company changed its name to Diesel Motor Industry Co., Ltd., which would eventually become Isuzu Motors Limited.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (i/ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ IN-də-NEE-zhə or /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ IN-doh-NEE-zee-ə), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia Indonesian pronunciation: [rɛpʊblɪk ɪndɔnɛsɪa]), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 17th largest economy by nominal GDP.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers brought Christianity and fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Kanagawa Prefecture
Kanagawa Prefecture (神奈川県, Kanagawa-ken?) is a prefecture located in the southern Kantō region of Japan. The capital is Yokohama. Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area.
The prefecture has some archaeological sites going back to the Jōmon period (around 400 BC). About 3,000 years ago, Mount Hakone produced a volcanic explosion which resulted in Lake Ashi on the western area of the prefecture.
It is believed[by whom?] that the Yamato Dynasty ruled this area from 5th century onwards. In the ancient era, its plains were very sparsely inhabited.
Kamakura in central Sagami was the capital of Japan during the Kamakura period (1185–1333).
In medieval Japan, Kanagawa was part of the provinces of Sagami and Musashi.
During the Edo period, the western part of Sagami Province was governed by the daimyo of Odawara Castle, while the eastern part was directly governed by the Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo (Tokyo).
Commodore Matthew Perry landed in Kanagawa in 1853 and 1854 and signed the Convention of Kanagawa to force open Japanese ports to the United States. Yokohama, the largest deep-water port in Tokyo Bay, was opened to foreign traders in 1859 after several more years of foreign pressure, and eventually developed into the largest trading port in Japan. Nearby Yokosuka, closer to the mouth of Tokyo Bay, developed as a naval port and now serves as headquarters for the U.S. 7th Fleet and the fleet operations of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. After the Meiji Period, many foreigners lived in Yokohama City, and visited Hakone. The Meiji Government developed the first railways in Japan, from Shinbashi (in Tokyo) to Yokohama in 1872.
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Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
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Karaj
Karaj (Persian: كرج pronounced [kæˈɾædʒ], also Romanized as Karadj, Karadje, and Karej; also known as Qaşabeh-e Karaj, Heredi, Keredi, and Leredi) is a city in and the capital of Karaj County, Alborz Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,377,450, in 385,955 families, making it the fifth-largest city in Iran after Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan and Tabriz.) It is situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of Tehran, at the foothills of the Alborz mountains. However, the city is increasingly becoming an extension of metropolitan Tehran.
Karaj is mostly famous because of its academic and educational complexes along with tourist attractions.
The history of Karaj dates back many centuries. The stone built Zoroastrian fire temple of Takht-e-Rostam from the Parthian era is a testament to this.
The Soleimanieh palace (currently housing a college of Agriculture), the mausoleum of Shahzadeh Soleiman, Imamzadeh Rahman and Zeid Palang Abad-e-Eshtehard are other historical relics of the Karaj area.
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Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the federal capital and most populous city in Malaysia. The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 1.6 million as of 2012.Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in the country, in terms of population and economy.
Kuala Lumpur is the seat of the Parliament of Malaysia. The city was once home to the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999. Some sections of the judiciary still remains in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. The official residence of the Malaysian King, the Istana Negara, is also situated in Kuala Lumpur. Rated as an alpha world city, Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial and economic centre of Malaysia due to its position as the capital as well as being a key city. Kuala Lumpur was ranked 48th among global cities by Foreign Policy's 2010 Global Cities Index and was ranked 67th among global cities for economic and social innovation by the 2thinknow Innovation Cities Index in 2010.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (i/məˈleɪʒə/ mə-LAY-zhə or i/məˈleɪsiə/ mə-LAY-see-ə) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded 27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire. The first British territories were known as the Straits Settlements, whose establishment was followed by the Malay kingdoms becoming British protectorates. The territories on Peninsular Malaysia were first unified as the Malayan Union in 1946. Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948, and achieved independence on 31 August 1957. Malaya united with Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore on 16 September 1963, with si being added to give the new country the name Malaysia. However, less than two years later in 1965, Singapore was expelled from the federation. Since independence, Malaysia has had one of the best economic records in Asia, with GDP growing an average 6.5% for almost 50 years. The economy has traditionally been fuelled by its natural resources, but is expanding in the sectors of science, tourism, commerce and medical tourism.
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Montcada i Reixac
Montcada i Reixac (Catalan pronunciation: [muŋˈkaðə j rəˈʃak]), often referred to as simply Montcada, is a municipality in the comarca of the Vallès Occidental in Catalonia, Spain. It is situated at the confluence of the Ripoll river and the Besós river, and very close to the northernmost neighbourhoods of the city of Barcelona and is therefore a part of the metropolitan area of Barcelona. It had 33,656 inhabitants according to the 2010 census.
The following areas make up the urban tissue of Montcada: Can Cuiàs, Can Pomada, Can Sant Joan (Bifurcació), Carrerada (Montcada Nova), Font Pudenta, La Ribera (Valentine), Mas Duran, Mas Rampinyo, Montcada Centre, Pla d'en Coll, Terra Nostra (Santa Maria de Montcada) i Vallençana-Reixac.
The town is served by the A-7 autopista, the N-152 road, six RENFE Rodalies Barcelona and regional railway stations used by several lines, and the terminus Barcelona Metro line 11, located at Can Cuiàs.
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Morocco
Morocco (Arabic: المغرب al-Maghrib ; Berber: ⵍⵎⴻⵖⵔⵉⴱ / ⴰⵎⴻⵔⵔⵓⴽElmeɣrib / Amerruk), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of about 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed region of the Western Sahara, seen by and mostly administered by Morocco as the Southern Provinces. Morocco is part of the Maghreb region, in addition to Tunisia, Algeria, Mauritania, and Libya, with which it shares cultural, historical and linguistic ties.
Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive powers, including the power to dissolve the parliament. Executive power is exercised by the government but more importantly by the king himself. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can also issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. The latest Parliamentary elections were held in November 25, 2011, and were considered by some neutral observers to be mostly free and fair. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters, but only about 25% of Moroccan adult citizens actually voted. The rest either chose not to vote or they were not registered as voters. The political capital is Rabat, but the largest city is Casablanca; other main cities include Marrakesh, Tetouan, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador.
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Nagano Prefecture
Nagano Prefecture (長野県, Nagano-ken?) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of the island of Honshū. The capital is the city of Nagano.
Nagano was formerly known as the province of Shinano. This province was divided among many local daimyo during the Sengoku period.
Nagano was host to the 1998 Winter Olympics, which gained the prefecture international recognition and a Shinkansen line to Tokyo.
Nine of the twelve highest mountains in Japan can be found in this inland prefecture. Nagano is also the prefecture which is bordered by the highest number of other prefectures and it contains the location which is the furthest point from the sea within Japan. One of its lakes is Lake Kizaki, a beach resort popular for its water attractions and games.
The province's mountains have made it relatively isolated, and many visitors come for its mountain resorts and hot springs.
As of 1 April 2012, 21% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Chichibu Tama Kai, Chūbu-Sangaku, Jōshin'etsu Kōgen, and Minami Alps National Parks; Myōgi-Arafune-Saku Kōgen, Tenryū-Okumikawa, and Yatsugatake-Chūshin Kōgen Quasi-National Parks; and Chūō Alps, Enrei Ōjō, Hijiriyama Kōgen, Mibugawa Suikei, Ontake, and Tenryū Koshibu Suikei Prefectural Natural Parks.
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Nissan Engine Museum
The Nissan Engine Museum (日産エンジン博物館, Nissan Enjin Hakubutsukan?) is a automobile engine museum run by Nissan Motor Company. The museum is located at the first floor of the guest hall in Yokohama auto plant, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
The building of the museum was built in 1934 in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture. As the first auto plant of Nissan Motors in Yokohama, the building has also been worked as the headquarters of the company until 1968, when the headquarters was moved to Ginza, Tokyo.
The building was accredited as a historical building by the government of Yokohama city in November 2002, and the Nissan Engine Museum was opened officially at the first floor of the building, which had been used as a guest hall, in April 2003.
The museum exhibits the latest model car and a memorial car of Nissan brand, 28 Nissan's auto engines, history of Yokohama auto plant and equipments for environmental techniques.
Coordinates: 35°28′54.5″N 139°39′43.9″E / 35.481806°N 139.662194°E / 35.481806; 139.662194
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Oragadam
Oragadam (Tamil: ஓரகடம்) is a town and industrial area located on the outskirts of Chennai, India. It is located 16 miles (25 km) east of Kanchipuram.
The town is known for its various industries and workshops pertaining to the automobile sector. Oragadam along with Sriperumbudur has seen major investments from foreign companies in recent times. Oragadam will soon become one of the largest Automobile hubs in the world. International Automobile majors like Daimler, Renault - Nissan, Komatsu have set up their car manufacturing plants here and will use it as a base for sourcing for their international markets, apart from supplying to meet the fast growing Indian market. One of the otiose Clubs "The Chennai Corporate Club" is also located nearby.
The Tamil Nadu government is building the Rs. 300 crores Oragadam Industrial Corridor Road. The project, executed by the Tamil Nadu Road Infrastructure Development Corporation (TNRIDC)and funded through the State Highways Department, is expected to give a thrust to industrial activity in the Oragadam-Sriperumbudur cluster. It will also provide additional connectivity between Grand Southern Trunk Road (GST Road i.e. National Highway 45) and Grand Western Trunk Road (NH 4 or Chennai - Bengaluru Highway) [2] .
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Osaka
Osaka (大阪, Ōsaka?) listen (help·info) is a city in the Kansai region of Japan's main island of Honshu, a designated city under the Local Autonomy Law, the capital city of Osaka Prefecture and also the biggest part of Keihanshin area, which is represented by three major cities of Japan, Kyoto, Osaka and Kobe. Located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, Osaka is the third largest city by population after Tokyo (special wards) and Yokohama.
Keihanshin is the second largest area in Japan by population and one of the largest metropolitan areas highly ranked in the world, with nearly 18 million people, and by GDP the second largest area in Japan and the seventh largest area in the world.
Historically the commercial centre of Japan, Osaka functions as one of the command centers for the Japanese economy. The ratio between daytime and night time population is 141%, the highest in Japan, highlighting its status as an economic center. Its nighttime population is 2.6 million, the third in the country, but in daytime the population surges to 3.7 million, second only after Tokyo (combining the Special wards of Tokyo, which is not a single incorporated city, for statistical purposes. See the Tokyo article for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.) Osaka used to be referred to as the "nation's kitchen" (天下の台所, tenka no daidokoro?) in feudal Edo period because it was the centre of trading for rice, creating the first modern futures exchange market in the world.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Philippines
The Philippinesi/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.
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Pretoria
Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. It is one of the country's three capital cities, serving as the executive (administrative) and de facto national capital; the others are Cape Town, the legislative capital, and Bloemfontein, the judicial capital. Pretoria is contained within the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality as one of several constituent former administrations (among which also Centurion and Soshanguve). Pretoria itself is sometimes referred to as "Tshwane" due to a long-running and controversial proposed change of name, which has yet to decided as of 2012.
The city's original name was Pretoria Philadelphia ("Pretoria of brotherly love"). It gave its name to the Pax Praetoriana, referring to the country's relative stability.
Pretoria in South Africa is popularly known as The Jacaranda City due to the thousands of Jacaranda trees planted in its streets, parks and gardens.
The Southern Transvaal Ndebele occupied the river valley, which was to become the location of the city of Pretoria, by around 1600.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Selangor
Selangor ( /səˈlæŋə/) also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Ehsan, or "Abode of Sincerity") is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east, Negeri Sembilan to the south and the Strait of Malacca to the west. It surrounds the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya, both of which were once under Selangor's sovereignty.
The state capital is Shah Alam, the first city in Selangor, and the royal capital is Klang. Another major urban centre is Petaling Jaya which was awarded city status on June 20, 2006. Selangor is one of only two Malaysian states with more than one city; the other is Sarawak. Selangor has the largest city in Malaysia and it is growing rapidly due to modernization in the Klang Valley.[citation needed]
Selangor is the richest state in Malaysia in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. This state is also the most developed in Malaysia with good infrastructure such as highways and transport. The state also has the largest population in Malaysia, with a high standard of living and the state's poverty rate is the lowest in the country.
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Serendah
Serendah is a town in the Hulu Selangor district of Selangor, Malaysia. One of the popular tourist spot in Serendah is Perigi Tujuh Serendah.
The area developed due to the tin mines. Perigi Tujuh Serendah (Seven Wells) was built to resist flood, as the name Serendah reflects that this area is located at low level.
There is a number of Chinese temples, one Mosque and a number of surau, one Sikh temple and other religious structure of other regions.
1. Hock Leng Keng Temple
2. Shin See Yeh Temple
3. Mosque Serendah at Jalan Besar KL-Ipoh
4. Sikh Temple
5. Vinayagar Temple
There is one secondary school and three primary schools:
1. Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Serendah
2. Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Serendah
3. Sekolah Rendah Kebangsaan Serendah 4. Sekolah Kebangsaan Antara Gapi
A new Komuter station, The Serendah Komuter station which is stationed roughly two kilometres northwest from and named after Serendah, is opened on April 21, 2007 alongside the Rasa and Batang Kali stations.
Coordinates: 3°22′N 101°37′E / 3.367°N 101.617°E / 3.367; 101.617
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Sindh
Sindh (pronounced [sɪnd̪ʱ]; Sindhi: سنڌ; Urdu: سندھ Indica in Latin, Indus in Greek) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhi people. It is also locally known as the "Mehran" and has been given the title of Bab-ul-Islam (The gateway of Islam). The name of Sindh is derived from the Indus River that separates it from Balochistan and the greater Iranian Plateau. This river was known to the ancient Iranians in Avestan as Indus, in Sanskrit as Sindhu, to Assyrians (as early as the seventh century BC) as Sinda, to the Greeks as Indos, to the Romans as Indus, to the Persians as Ab-e-sind, to the Pashtuns as "Abasind", to the Arabs as Al-Sind, to the Chinese as Sintow, and to the Javanese as the Santri.
Sindh is bounded to the west by the Indus River and Balochistan, to the north by Punjab, the east by the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan and to the south by the Arabian Sea. The capital of the province is Karachi, Pakistan's largest city and financial hub. Most of the population in the province is Muslim, with sizeable Christian, Zoroastrian and Hindu minorities. The main language spoken is Sindhi by about 40 million people, while there exists a significant Urdu-speaking minority.
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South Africa
Coordinates: 30°S 25°E / 30°S 25°E / -30; 25
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It is divided into nine provinces and has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline. To the north of the country lie the neighbouring territories of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an enclave surrounded by South African territory.
South Africa is multi-ethnic and has diverse cultures and languages. Eleven official languages are recognised in the constitution. Two of these languages are of European origin: South African English and Afrikaans, a language which originated mainly from Dutch that is spoken by the majority of white and Coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language. All ethnic and language groups have political representation in the country's constitutional democracy comprising a parliamentary republic; unlike most parliamentary republics, the positions of head of state and head of government are merged in a parliament-dependent President.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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São José dos Pinhais
São José dos Pinhais is a city in Paraná, Brazil. It is located at around 25°32′6″S 49°12′21″W / 25.535°S 49.20583°W / -25.535; -49.20583. It is a part of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. St. Joseph of the Pines is a municipality in the state of Paraná, located in the Greater Curitiba. It is located at 25°32′05″S, 49°12′23″W.
The creation of the municipality of São José dos Pinhais was made through the Law No. 10 of the then province of São Paulo, on July 16, 1852, which specified that the headquarters of the city would be called Villa of São José dos Pinhais, and the political establishment, with the installation of the City Council occurred on January 8, 1853. On December 27, 1897, the village was finally elevated to city status.
São José dos Pinhais is a city average, the second most populous of the meso and the population has grown rapidly in a short time: in 2000 there were approximately 196 000 inhabitants, in 2008 the number is over 280 000 inhabitants. Pinhais is the municipality with the fifth largest metropolitan region of Curitiba.
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Taipei
Taipei City (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/; [tʰǎipèi]; Chinese: 臺北市 or 台北市; pinyin: Táiběi Shì) is the capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River; it is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, a port city on the Pacific Ocean. It lies in the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung (基隆河) and Xindian (新店溪) rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The city proper (Taipei City) is home to an estimated 2,618,772 people. Taipei, New Taipei, and Keelung together form the Taipei metropolitan area with a population of 6,900,273. However, they are administered under different local governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the whole metropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city proper. Taipei City proper is surrounded on all sides by New Taipei.
Taipei is the political, economic, and cultural center of Taiwan. The National Palace Museum which has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts and artworks in the world is located in Taipei. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major industrial area. Railways, high speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan.
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Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Tehran
Tehran ( pronunciation (help·info)) (Persian: تهران Tehrān; pronounced [tehˈɾɒːn]), sometimes spelled Teheran, is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With an estimated population of 8,429,807; it is also Iran's largest urban area and city, the largest city in Western Asia, one of the largest in Southern Asia, and the 19th-largest city globally.
In the 20th century, Tehran was subject to mass-migration of people from all around Iran. The city is home to many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. Contemporary Tehran is a modern city featuring many structures, of which the Azadi (Freedom) Tower and the Milad Tower have come to be symbols of Tehran itself. In 2008 Tehran was the least expensive capital in the world and the second-least expensive city globally based on the cost-of-living index presenting the best value for money in the world. Globally it stands 19th by city population, 56th by the size of its GDP and 29th by the population of its metropolitan area. Throughout Iran's history, the capital city has been relocated many times, with Tehran being the 32nd national capital of Iran. Persian is the city's native tongue, with roughly 98% of the population able to speak and understand it. The majority of people in Tehran identify themselves as Persians. In pre-Islamic and early Islamic times, Tehran was called Ray (which in the Avesta occurs in the form of Ragha)[citation needed].
wn.com/Tehran -
Thailand
Thailand ( /ˈtaɪlænd/ TY-land or /ˈtaɪlənd/;Thai: ประเทศไทย, RTGS: Prathet Thai), officially the Kingdom of Thailand (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย, RTGS: Ratcha Anachak Thai; IPA: [râːt.tɕʰā ʔāːnāːtɕàk tʰāj] ( listen)), formerly known as Siam (Thai: สยาม; RTGS: Sayam), is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.
The country is a constitutional monarchy, headed by King Rama IX, the ninth king of the House of Chakri, who, having reigned since 1946, is the world's longest-serving head of state and the longest-reigning monarch in Thai history. The king of Thailand is titled Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, the Upholder of the Buddhist religion, and the Defender of all Faiths.
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Tokyo Motor Show
The Tokyo Motor Show (東京モーターショー?) is a biennial auto show held in October–November at the Makuhari Messe, Chiba City, Japan for cars, motorcycles and commercial vehicles (Venue and Location need to be updated for 2011). Hosted by the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA), it is a recognized international show by the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, and normally sees more concept cars than actual production car introductions which is the reason why the auto press see the show as one of the motorshow's big five (along with Detroit, Geneva, Frankfurt and Paris).
The show, then called All Japan Motor Show was first held in an outdoor venue called Hibiya Park, the show was considered a success with 547,000 visitors over ten days and 254 exhibitors displaying 267 vehicles, but of the amount of vehicles only 17 of them were passenger cars as the show was dominated by commercial vehicles. In 1958, due to construction of a subway and underground parking lot near Hibiya Park, the show was shifted to the Korakuen Bicycle Racing Track. The show, as the previous year was marred by heavy rain, in 1959 the event moved indoor to its newly opened Harumi Showplace venue which was three times the size of its previous venue.
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Tokyo Stock Exchange
The Tokyo Stock Exchange (東京証券取引所, Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijyo?), called Tōshō (東証?) or TSE for short, is a stock exchange located in Tokyo, Japan. It is the third largest stock exchange in the world by aggregate market capitalization of its listed companies. It had 2,292 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of US$3.3 trillion as of Dec 2011.
The TSE is incorporated as a kabushiki gaisha with nine directors, four auditors and eight executive officers. Its headquarters are located at 2-1 Nihonbashi-kabutocho, Chūō, Tokyo. "Kabutocho" is the largest financial district in Japan. Its operating hours are from 9:00 to 11:30 am, and from 12:30 to 3:00 pm. From April 24, 2006, the afternoon trading session started at its usual time of 12:30 p.m.
Stocks listed on the TSE are separated into the First Section for large companies, the Second Section for mid-sized companies, and the Mothers (Market of the high-growth and emerging stocks) (ja:マザーズ?) section for high-growth startup companies. As of October 31, 2010, there are 1,675 First Section companies, 437 Second Section companies and 182 Mothers companies.
wn.com/Tokyo_Stock_Exchange -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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West Java
West Java (Indonesian: Jawa Barat; Sundanese: Jawa Kulon; acronym: Jabar), with a population of over 43 million, is the most populous and most densely populated province of Indonesia. Located on the island of Java, it is slightly smaller in area than densely populated Taiwan, but with nearly double the population. Its capital city is Bandung.
The oldest human inhabitant archaeological findings in the region were unearthed in Anyer (the western coast of Java) with evidence of bronze and iron metallurgical culture dating to the first millennium AD. The prehistoric Buni culture (near present-day Bekasi) clay pottery were later developed with evidence found in Anyer to Cirebon. Artefacts (dated from 400 BC — AD 100) such as food and drink containers were found mostly as burial gifts. There is also archeological evidence in Batujaya Archaeological Site dating from the 2nd century,[citation needed] and according to Dr Tony Djubiantono, the head of Bandung Archeology Agency, Jiwa Temple in Batujaya, Karawang, West Java was also built around this time.[citation needed]
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Yokohama
Yokohama (横浜市, Yokohama-shi?, "Side Shore") ( listen (help·info)) is the capital city of Kanagawa Prefecture and the second largest city in Japan by population after Tokyo and most populous municipality of Japan. It lies on Tokyo Bay, south of Tokyo, in the Kantō region of the main island of Honshu. It is a major commercial hub of the Greater Tokyo Area.
Yokohama's population of 3.7 million makes it Japan's largest incorporated city.
Yokohama developed rapidly as Japan's prominent port city following the end of Japan's relative isolation in the mid-19th century, and is today one of its major ports along with Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, Hakata, Tokyo, and Chiba.
Yokohama was a small fishing village up to the end of the feudal Edo period, when Japan held a policy of national seclusion, having little contact with foreigners. A major turning point in Japanese history happened in 1853–54, when Commodore Matthew Perry arrived just south of Yokohama with a fleet of American warships, demanding that Japan open several ports for commerce, and the Tokugawa shogunate agreed by signing the Treaty of Peace and Amity.
wn.com/Yokohama
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Carlos Ghosn
Carlos Ghosn, KBE (Arabic: كارلوس غصن), born 9 March 1954, is a Brazilian-born French businessman who is currently the Chairman and CEO of Japan-based Nissan and holds the same positions at Paris-based Renault, which together produce more than one in 10 cars sold worldwide.[ Ghosn is also Chairman and CEO of the Renault-Nissan Alliance, the strategic partnership overseeing the two companies through a unique cross-shareholding agreement.
For orchestrating one of the decade's most aggressive downsizing campaigns and spearheading the turnaround of Nissan from near bankruptcy in the late 1990s, Ghosn earned the nicknames "le cost killer" and "Mr. Fix It." After the Nissan financial turnaround, he achieved celebrity status and ranks as one of the 50 most famous men in global business and politics. His life has been chronicled in a Japanese manga comic book. Called "the ultimate rock star of the industry," he has been recruited to run at least two other automakers, General Motors and Ford Motor Co. His decision to spend €4 billion so Renault and Nissan could jointly develop the world's first lineup of electric cars, starting with the Nissan Leaf, is a subject of the 2011 documentary Revenge of the Electric Car.
wn.com/Carlos_Ghosn -
Kirk Kerkorian
Kerkor "Kirk" Kerkorian (born June 6, 1917) is an American businessman who is the president/CEO of Tracinda Corporation, his private holding company based in Beverly Hills, California. Kerkorian is known as one of the important figures in shaping Las Vegas[citation needed] and, with architect Martin Stern, Jr. the "father of the mega-resort."
Kirk Kerkorian was born on June 6, 1917 in Fresno, California, to Armenian immigrant parents. Dropping out of school in 8th grade, he became a fairly skilled amateur boxer under the tutelage of his older brother, fighting under the name "Rifle Right Kerkorian" to win the Pacific amateur welterweight championship.
In 1939, he met Ted O'Flaherty, for whom he installed wall furnaces that heated water. O'Flaherty was taking flying lessons, and having taken no interest Kerkorian took a guest seat one day and was converted on the views of the Californian coast.
On sensing the oncoming World War II, and not wanting to join the infantry, he learned to fly at the Happy Bottom Riding Club in the Mojave Desert — adjacent to the USAF's Muroc Field, now Edwards Air Force Base. In exchange for flying lessons from pioneer aviatrix Pancho Barnes, he agreed to milk and look after her cattle.
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Laurence Hartnett
Sir Laurence John Hartnett CBE (26 May 1898 – 4 April 1986) was an engineer who made several important contributions to the Australian automotive industry, and is often called "The Father of the Holden".
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Shinichiro Sakurai
Shinichiro Sakurai (桜井 眞一郎, Sakurai Shin'ichirō?, April 3, 1929 - January 17, 2011) was a Japanese engineer inducted into the Japan Automotive Hall of Fame who originally worked for Prince Motor Company then later moved to Nissan. After graduating from Yokohama National University, Sakurai joined Prince as a chassis engineer in 1952, and was heavily involved in the development of the first generation Prince Skyline. He continued to head the Nissan Skyline project long after the Nissan takeover, headed the Nissan MID4 project, and was appointed President of Autech (a Nissan subsidiary) in 1986. He continued to work in the automotive field up until his death.
Sakurai died of heart failure on January 17, 2011.
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Yoshisuke Aikawa
Yoshisuke Aikawa (or Gisuke Ayukawa) (鮎川 義介, Aikawa Yoshisuke?, November 6, 1880 - February 13, 1967) was a Japanese entrepreneur, businessman, and politician, noteworthy as the founder and first president of the Nissan zaibatsu between 1931 and 1945.
Aikawa was born in what is now part of Yamaguchi city, Yamaguchi prefecture. His mother was the niece of Meiji period genrō Inoue Kaoru. He graduated from the engineering department of Tokyo Imperial University in 1903 and went to work for Shibaura Seisakusho, the forerunner of Toshiba.
Although his pay was very low, Aikawa managed to save enough to make a trip to the United States, where he studied malleable cast iron technology. After his return to Japan, with the backing of Inoue Kaoru and other ex-Chōshū politicians in the Diet of Japan, he established the Tobata Foundry in Kitakyūshū in 1909. The company is now known as Hitachi Kinzoku (Hitachi Metals Company Ltd).
In 1928, Aikawa became president of the Kuhara Mining Company (present day Nippon Mining & Metals Company) taking over from his brother-in-law Fusanosuke Kuhara and created a holding company called Nihon Sangyo, or Nissan for short. Kuhara went on to a career in politics, forging ties with future Prime Minister Giichi Tanaka and other political and military leaders, which Aikawa would later use to his advantage.
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Yutaka Katayama
Yutaka Katayama (片山豊) (born Yutaka Asoh on 15 September 1909), also known as Mr K, is a former Japanese automotive executive who was employed by Nissan and served as the first president of Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A. Katayama expanded Nissan's focus from economy vehicles towards sportier vehicles, and is regarded by Datsun/Nissan Z Car enthusiasts as the father of the Z-Car, as well as the Datsun 510.
Asoh was born in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, the second of four children of a well-off businessman whose postings took the family to various places in Japan and also to Taiwan. While in Taiwan, the young Yutaka fell ill with malaria and was sent to the estate of his paternal grandfather, a wealthy landowner in Saitama Prefecture, to convalesce and attend school. He would gain his first exposure to the United States in mid-1929, while he was preparing to enter his father's alma mater of Keio University. At that time, he got a job as ship's clerk and assistant purser on the freighter Londonmaru, carrying a cargo of raw silk to Victoria, British Columbia and Vancouver, as well as 20 passengers to Seattle. By several reports, he spent the next four months traveling around the Pacific Northwest while the ship was being loaded with lumber for her return voyage.
wn.com/Yutaka_Katayama
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Nissan Qashqai
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:42
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
Nissan strikes again...
http://wn.com/Nissan_Qashqai
Nissan Juke-R vs GT-R track test - Auto Express
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
We pit the new Nissan Juke-R against the GT-R to find out which is quickest around Bedford Autodrome... Full story here: www.autoexpress.co.uk Subscribe to Auto Express magazine and get 6 issues for £1 plus a free gift: subscribe.autoexpress.co.uk So how did the Juke-R and GT-R compare on a lap of the south circuit at Bedford Autodrome? The supercar went first, when the track was still slightly damp, but the low-down thrust of its engine came to the fore as it recorded a time of 65.8 seconds. By the time the Juke-R went against the stopwatch, the track had dried out a bit. The less aerodynamic shape held the car back over the circuit's long straights, and it took 1.3 seconds longer, with a time of 67.1 seconds -- a sterling effort considering its less powerful engine and additional weight.
http://wn.com/Nissan_Juke-R_vs_GT-R_track_test_Auto_Express
We pit the new Nissan Juke-R against the GT-R to find out which is quickest around Bedford Autodrome... Full story here: www.autoexpress.co.uk Subscribe to Auto Express magazine and get 6 issues for £1 plus a free gift: subscribe.autoexpress.co.uk So how did the Juke-R and GT-R compare on a lap of the south circuit at Bedford Autodrome? The supercar went first, when the track was still slightly damp, but the low-down thrust of its engine came to the fore as it recorded a time of 65.8 seconds. By the time the Juke-R went against the stopwatch, the track had dried out a bit. The less aerodynamic shape held the car back over the circuit's long straights, and it took 1.3 seconds longer, with a time of 67.1 seconds -- a sterling effort considering its less powerful engine and additional weight.
- published: 13 Mar 2012
- views: 2205448
- author: Autoexpress
The Two Second Club -- Bugatti, Nissan and Porsche
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Breaking the production car 3 second barrier in 0-60 acceleration. Where many have failed, these specimens prevail; one from Japan, one from Germany and a third from France. Read the road test here: bit.ly
http://wn.com/The_Two_Second_Club_-_Bugatti,_Nissan_and_Porsche
Breaking the production car 3 second barrier in 0-60 acceleration. Where many have failed, these specimens prevail; one from Japan, one from Germany and a third from France. Read the road test here: bit.ly
- published: 20 Sep 2011
- views: 2203560
- author: RoadandTrack
The STILLEN 500 HP Supercharged Nissan 370Z - TUNED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:17
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
TUNED Visits racing legend Steve Millen's STILLEN in Costa Mesa, CA to see what happens when he gets his hands on the Nissan 370Z. Already a potent machine, what happens when STILLEN upgrades pretty much everything? Fortunately, it doesn't suck.
http://wn.com/The_STILLEN_500_HP_Supercharged_Nissan_370Z_TUNED
TUNED Visits racing legend Steve Millen's STILLEN in Costa Mesa, CA to see what happens when he gets his hands on the Nissan 370Z. Already a potent machine, what happens when STILLEN upgrades pretty much everything? Fortunately, it doesn't suck.
- published: 13 Feb 2012
- views: 384695
- author: drive
Nissan commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Nissan pathfinder commercial
http://wn.com/Nissan_commercial
2013 Nissan GT-R Black Edition: World's Greatest Super Car Bargain - Ignition Episode 10
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:14
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
On this episode of Ignition, Carlos Lago finds out just how far he can push Godzilla. Is the more powerful 2013 GT-R even better than the already fantastic 2012 model of last year? Carlos straps in to find out how many super cars he can slay. For a breakdown of the fastest cars we've ever tested click here: goo.gl Ignition appears every Monday on the new Motor Trend channel. www.youtube.com Subscribe now to make sure you're in on all the action! www.youtube.com Facebook - facebook.com Twitter - twitter.com Google+ - plus.google.com Website - www.motortrend.com
http://wn.com/2013_Nissan_GT-R_Black_Edition_World's_Greatest_Super_Car_Bargain_Ignition_Episode_10
On this episode of Ignition, Carlos Lago finds out just how far he can push Godzilla. Is the more powerful 2013 GT-R even better than the already fantastic 2012 model of last year? Carlos straps in to find out how many super cars he can slay. For a breakdown of the fastest cars we've ever tested click here: goo.gl Ignition appears every Monday on the new Motor Trend channel. www.youtube.com Subscribe now to make sure you're in on all the action! www.youtube.com Facebook - facebook.com Twitter - twitter.com Google+ - plus.google.com Website - www.motortrend.com
- published: 02 Apr 2012
- views: 1327134
- author: MotorTrend
Dodge vs. GMC vs. Nissan at Spring Creek
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Dodge, GMC, and Nissan compete on this small hill climb (100% grade) at Spring Creek Off Road. very muddy and slick; who will make it up? Dodge and GMC are on Nitto Terra Grapplers. Nissan is running Michelin LTX A/T2. The Nittos on the Dodge are old and bald; the Nittos on the GMC are nearly brand new.
http://wn.com/Dodge_vs_GMC_vs_Nissan_at_Spring_Creek
Dodge, GMC, and Nissan compete on this small hill climb (100% grade) at Spring Creek Off Road. very muddy and slick; who will make it up? Dodge and GMC are on Nitto Terra Grapplers. Nissan is running Michelin LTX A/T2. The Nittos on the Dodge are old and bald; the Nittos on the GMC are nearly brand new.
- published: 23 Feb 2009
- views: 2980930
- author: alexrex20
Bugatti Veyron vs Nissan GT-R (Including deleted scenes)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Full video with Bugatti Veyron vs Nissan GT-R vs Nissan GT-R
http://wn.com/Bugatti_Veyron_vs_Nissan_GT-R_Including_deleted_scenes
Full video with Bugatti Veyron vs Nissan GT-R vs Nissan GT-R
- published: 01 Jun 2010
- views: 3628937
- author: DragTimesInfo
UGR Lamborghini Gallardo Nera vs Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:55
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Nissan GT-R Mk.1 AMS Alpha 12 (900-1200 WHP deppending on fuel and boost) - Moscow Unlim 500+ Winner Lamborghin Gallardo Nera Underground Racing Race Version, manual gearbox (1050-1500 WHP deppending on fuel and boost) Booth cars on pump gas (oct. 93), 900 WHP vs 1050 WHP, outside temperature +5C Shoot on: Sony CX560 and Canon 5D
http://wn.com/UGR_Lamborghini_Gallardo_Nera_vs_Nissan_GT-R_AMS_Alpha_12
Nissan GT-R Mk.1 AMS Alpha 12 (900-1200 WHP deppending on fuel and boost) - Moscow Unlim 500+ Winner Lamborghin Gallardo Nera Underground Racing Race Version, manual gearbox (1050-1500 WHP deppending on fuel and boost) Booth cars on pump gas (oct. 93), 900 WHP vs 1050 WHP, outside temperature +5C Shoot on: Sony CX560 and Canon 5D
- published: 21 Oct 2011
- views: 2044108
- author: DragTimesInfo
Showdown - Nissan Juke-R vs. Porsche 911 GT2 RS - CAR and DRIVER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:14
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
We pit the GT-R-powered Nissan Juke-R against a Porsche 911 GT2 RS in a turbo six-cylinder face-off on the latest episode of Car and Driver: Abroad. Subscribe! bit.ly Do you want to speak with Jethro Bovingdon, or Mark Bramley, the cinematographer? You can reach them at their Twitter handles below! Jethro Bovingdon: bit.ly Mark Bramley: bit.ly Connect to CAR and DRIVER: Twitter: bit.ly Facebook: on.fb.me Each week, the Car and Driver YouTube Channel will launch episodes of The Full Hoon, Car and Driver: Abroad, Car and Driver: Tested, Popular Mechanics Saturday Mechanic, How'd They Do That, and Road & Track Presents.
http://wn.com/Showdown_Nissan_Juke-R_vs_Porsche_911_GT2_RS_CAR_and_DRIVER
We pit the GT-R-powered Nissan Juke-R against a Porsche 911 GT2 RS in a turbo six-cylinder face-off on the latest episode of Car and Driver: Abroad. Subscribe! bit.ly Do you want to speak with Jethro Bovingdon, or Mark Bramley, the cinematographer? You can reach them at their Twitter handles below! Jethro Bovingdon: bit.ly Mark Bramley: bit.ly Connect to CAR and DRIVER: Twitter: bit.ly Facebook: on.fb.me Each week, the Car and Driver YouTube Channel will launch episodes of The Full Hoon, Car and Driver: Abroad, Car and Driver: Tested, Popular Mechanics Saturday Mechanic, How'd They Do That, and Road & Track Presents.
- published: 21 Aug 2012
- views: 666104
- author: CARandDRIVER
Nissan GTR car review - Top Gear - BBC autos
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:30
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Jeremy Clarkson visits the Fuji race circuit in Japan to review the car that is faster than the bullet train, the Nissan GTR. Includes the Stig's Top Gear test track speed lap. Subscribe to see all the reviews, races and challenges: bit.ly Top Gear YouTube channel: www.youtube.com TopGear.com website: www.topgear.com Top Gear Facebook www.facebook.com Top Gear Twitter: twitter.com Latest Top Gear videos: bit.ly
http://wn.com/Nissan_GTR_car_review_Top_Gear_BBC_autos
Jeremy Clarkson visits the Fuji race circuit in Japan to review the car that is faster than the bullet train, the Nissan GTR. Includes the Stig's Top Gear test track speed lap. Subscribe to see all the reviews, races and challenges: bit.ly Top Gear YouTube channel: www.youtube.com TopGear.com website: www.topgear.com Top Gear Facebook www.facebook.com Top Gear Twitter: twitter.com Latest Top Gear videos: bit.ly
- published: 20 Feb 2009
- views: 3647812
- author: TopGear
1400 Horsepower AMS Performance Alpha 12 Nissan GT-R - CAR and DRIVER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:22
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
The AMS Performance Alpha 12 Nissan GT-R is the 1400-horsepower answer to the docile 545-horsepower standard Nissan GT-R. We take the tuned Godzilla to Willow Springs Raceway on the latest episode of Car and Driver: Tested. Subscribe! bit.ly Recommended Playlists: Comparison Tests: bit.ly Car and Driver Tested: bit.ly Driven: bit.ly Supercars: bit.ly CAR: AMS Performance Alpha 12 GT-R MAG EDITORS: Basem Wasef Connect To Basem Wasef: Twitter: bit.ly (@BasemWasef) Connect To Car and Driver: Twitter: bit.ly Facebook: on.fb.me Hosted by the editors of Car and Driver magazine, this show puts the audience into the action on new-car reviews, comparison tests, auto-show coverage, and more. Our experts drive and test the latest models, attend automotive events around the world, and check out the latest in-vehicle technology like massaging seats and night-vision systems. Viewers will also have the opportunity to write in and extend the conversation.
http://wn.com/1400_Horsepower_AMS_Performance_Alpha_12_Nissan_GT-R_CAR_and_DRIVER
The AMS Performance Alpha 12 Nissan GT-R is the 1400-horsepower answer to the docile 545-horsepower standard Nissan GT-R. We take the tuned Godzilla to Willow Springs Raceway on the latest episode of Car and Driver: Tested. Subscribe! bit.ly Recommended Playlists: Comparison Tests: bit.ly Car and Driver Tested: bit.ly Driven: bit.ly Supercars: bit.ly CAR: AMS Performance Alpha 12 GT-R MAG EDITORS: Basem Wasef Connect To Basem Wasef: Twitter: bit.ly (@BasemWasef) Connect To Car and Driver: Twitter: bit.ly Facebook: on.fb.me Hosted by the editors of Car and Driver magazine, this show puts the audience into the action on new-car reviews, comparison tests, auto-show coverage, and more. Our experts drive and test the latest models, attend automotive events around the world, and check out the latest in-vehicle technology like massaging seats and night-vision systems. Viewers will also have the opportunity to write in and extend the conversation.
- published: 17 Dec 2012
- views: 223878
- author: CARandDRIVER
Can The 2013 Nissan GT-R Make You Sick? - CAR and DRIVER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:27
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Contributing Editor Basem Wasef tries to make his wife sick by driving a 2013 Nissan GT-R at its limits on the latest episode of Car and Driver: Tested. Subscribe! bit.ly CAR: Nissan GT-R LOCATION: California MAG EDITORS: Basem Wasef Connect To Basem Wasef: Twitter: bit.ly (@BasemWasef) Connect To Car and Driver: Twitter: bit.ly Facebook: on.fb.me Hosted by the editors of Car and Driver magazine, this show puts the audience into the action on new-car reviews, comparison tests, auto-show coverage, and more. Our experts drive and test the latest models, attend automotive events around the world, and check out the latest in-vehicle technology like massaging seats and night-vision systems. Viewers will also have the opportunity to write in and extend the conversation. Each week, the Car and Driver YouTube Channel will launch episodes of Car and Driver: Abroad, Car and Driver: Tested, Popular Mechanics Saturday Mechanic and How'd They Do That, and Road & Track Presents.
http://wn.com/Can_The_2013_Nissan_GT-R_Make_You_Sick?_CAR_and_DRIVER
Contributing Editor Basem Wasef tries to make his wife sick by driving a 2013 Nissan GT-R at its limits on the latest episode of Car and Driver: Tested. Subscribe! bit.ly CAR: Nissan GT-R LOCATION: California MAG EDITORS: Basem Wasef Connect To Basem Wasef: Twitter: bit.ly (@BasemWasef) Connect To Car and Driver: Twitter: bit.ly Facebook: on.fb.me Hosted by the editors of Car and Driver magazine, this show puts the audience into the action on new-car reviews, comparison tests, auto-show coverage, and more. Our experts drive and test the latest models, attend automotive events around the world, and check out the latest in-vehicle technology like massaging seats and night-vision systems. Viewers will also have the opportunity to write in and extend the conversation. Each week, the Car and Driver YouTube Channel will launch episodes of Car and Driver: Abroad, Car and Driver: Tested, Popular Mechanics Saturday Mechanic and How'd They Do That, and Road & Track Presents.
- published: 16 Nov 2012
- views: 189231
- author: CARandDRIVER
Drag Race: 2012 Lexus LFA vs 2010 Nissan GT-R
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
We pit Lexus' first-ever supercar -- the $400000 Lexus LFA -- against our long-term Nissan GT-R to find out which one is the king of the JDMs. Read the full story here: www.motortrend.com Shot by: Jim Gleason Edited by: Jim Gleason
http://wn.com/Drag_Race_2012_Lexus_LFA_vs_2010_Nissan_GT-R
We pit Lexus' first-ever supercar -- the $400000 Lexus LFA -- against our long-term Nissan GT-R to find out which one is the king of the JDMs. Read the full story here: www.motortrend.com Shot by: Jim Gleason Edited by: Jim Gleason
- published: 10 May 2010
- views: 9704693
- author: MotorTrend
Nissan, Nissan, by Festus "Ai se eu te pego" (Audi Porsche Jeep Lada) Parodie DAS Original
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Das Original von Festus, zigmal kopiert, aber die Idee kommt von hier: www.reim-time.de Hab das Lied einfach mal in Männersprache übersetzt. Viel Spaß beim Zuhören und Zusehen! Hallo, habe einfach das Lied mal auf Männersprache übersetzt und was kam raus? Automarken ! Viel Spaß beim Zuhören.
http://wn.com/Nissan,_Nissan,_by_Festus_Ai_se_eu_te_pego_Audi_Porsche_Jeep_Lada_Parodie_DAS_Original
Das Original von Festus, zigmal kopiert, aber die Idee kommt von hier: www.reim-time.de Hab das Lied einfach mal in Männersprache übersetzt. Viel Spaß beim Zuhören und Zusehen! Hallo, habe einfach das Lied mal auf Männersprache übersetzt und was kam raus? Automarken ! Viel Spaß beim Zuhören.
- published: 09 Mar 2012
- views: 2693248
- author: 888Festus888
Kawasaki Ninja ZX-14R (2012) vs Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12+
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:58
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
New Kawasaki ZX-14R (2012) with modified exhaust system 220 BHP (195 WHP) Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12+ (Drive: Jury), Pump gas, 93 octane, aprox 1000 WHP (on race fuel VP-Q16 it has 1200+ WHP), Toyo 888R tires
http://wn.com/Kawasaki_Ninja_ZX-14R_2012_vs_Nissan_GT-R_AMS_Alpha_12+
New Kawasaki ZX-14R (2012) with modified exhaust system 220 BHP (195 WHP) Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12+ (Drive: Jury), Pump gas, 93 octane, aprox 1000 WHP (on race fuel VP-Q16 it has 1200+ WHP), Toyo 888R tires
- published: 24 Aug 2012
- views: 288749
- author: DragTimesInfo
Nissan GT-R Switzer P800 - Dyno run with backfire!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
I've received the video from Totalcarconcept.com of the dynorun! The Switzer P800 kit turns the GT-R in to a 800 HP monster. With a few PSi more boost the 840 HP is no problem. They have 98 and 100 octaan fuels. The AMS sportcats are much bigger and give good power, also with sportcat! It's possible, they can do it! :) "Like" me on Facebook: www.facebook.com Thanks to totalcarconcept.com (producor: Bas Boersma; Youtube.com/basboersma) Facebook page TCC: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Nissan_GT-R_Switzer_P800_Dyno_run_with_backfire!
I've received the video from Totalcarconcept.com of the dynorun! The Switzer P800 kit turns the GT-R in to a 800 HP monster. With a few PSi more boost the 840 HP is no problem. They have 98 and 100 octaan fuels. The AMS sportcats are much bigger and give good power, also with sportcat! It's possible, they can do it! :) "Like" me on Facebook: www.facebook.com Thanks to totalcarconcept.com (producor: Bas Boersma; Youtube.com/basboersma) Facebook page TCC: www.facebook.com
- published: 08 Nov 2010
- views: 7655368
- author: Gnepiah
2012 BMW M5 vs Nissan GT-R: Driven & Drifted - CHRIS HARRIS ON CARS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:14
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Chris Harris reviews the new 2012 BMW M5 and Nissan GT-R, in the rain. Do these two cars belong together? Probably not - but it's perfect for YouTube search results, and thats why we're doing it. Watch as Chris reviews the two cars on the street and on the track. Read Chris's PistonHeads article here: pistonheads.com
http://wn.com/2012_BMW_M5_vs_Nissan_GT-R_Driven_Drifted_CHRIS_HARRIS_ON_CARS
Chris Harris reviews the new 2012 BMW M5 and Nissan GT-R, in the rain. Do these two cars belong together? Probably not - but it's perfect for YouTube search results, and thats why we're doing it. Watch as Chris reviews the two cars on the street and on the track. Read Chris's PistonHeads article here: pistonheads.com
- published: 15 Feb 2012
- views: 1001114
- author: drive
Track Test: Nissan DeltaWing Driven At Road Atlanta -- CHRIS HARRIS ON CARS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:04
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Surely the most interesting and innovative racing car of the past 30 years, the DeltaWing finished 5th at Petit Le Mans. We drove it two days after the race. Engineer Ben Bowlby's interview is compulsory viewing for all racing fans. A day to remember.
http://wn.com/Track_Test_Nissan_DeltaWing_Driven_At_Road_Atlanta_-_CHRIS_HARRIS_ON_CARS
Surely the most interesting and innovative racing car of the past 30 years, the DeltaWing finished 5th at Petit Le Mans. We drove it two days after the race. Engineer Ben Bowlby's interview is compulsory viewing for all racing fans. A day to remember.
- published: 31 Oct 2012
- views: 174575
- author: drive
2013 Nissan GT-R Black Edition Hot Lap! - 2012 Best Driver's Car Contender
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Pro driver Randy Pobst hot laps the 2013 Nissan GT-R Black Edition around Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca as part of Motor Trend's 2012 Best Driver's Car competition. The 2013 Nissan GT-R is one of 9 contenders competing for the title of 2012 Best Driver's Car. The winner will be announced on Thursday, August 23 at 9am EST exclusively on youtube.com and www.motortrend.com. For more on the GT-R's lap around Laguna Seca, including Randy Pobst's track notes, click here www.motortrend.com Subscribe now to make sure you're in on all the action! www.youtube.com Facebook - facebook.com Twitter - twitter.com Google+ - plus.google.com Website - www.motortrend.com
http://wn.com/2013_Nissan_GT-R_Black_Edition_Hot_Lap!_2012_Best_Driver's_Car_Contender
Pro driver Randy Pobst hot laps the 2013 Nissan GT-R Black Edition around Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca as part of Motor Trend's 2012 Best Driver's Car competition. The 2013 Nissan GT-R is one of 9 contenders competing for the title of 2012 Best Driver's Car. The winner will be announced on Thursday, August 23 at 9am EST exclusively on youtube.com and www.motortrend.com. For more on the GT-R's lap around Laguna Seca, including Randy Pobst's track notes, click here www.motortrend.com Subscribe now to make sure you're in on all the action! www.youtube.com Facebook - facebook.com Twitter - twitter.com Google+ - plus.google.com Website - www.motortrend.com
- published: 21 Aug 2012
- views: 226924
- author: MotorTrend
Nissan Skyline GT-R vs Nissan GT-R and Corvette ZR1 vs Nissan GT-R
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
First run: Nissan Skyline R34 Altechno (900HP) vs Nissan GT-R R35 R850 Juster (850 HP) Second run: Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 LPE (730 HP) vs Nissan GT-R R35 HKS GT570 (570 Hp) Want more: www.dragtimes.info
http://wn.com/Nissan_Skyline_GT-R_vs_Nissan_GT-R_and_Corvette_ZR1_vs_Nissan_GT-R
First run: Nissan Skyline R34 Altechno (900HP) vs Nissan GT-R R35 R850 Juster (850 HP) Second run: Chevrolet Corvette ZR1 LPE (730 HP) vs Nissan GT-R R35 HKS GT570 (570 Hp) Want more: www.dragtimes.info
- published: 24 Jul 2010
- views: 3193492
- author: DragTimesInfo
Lamborghini Gallardo UR Twin Turbo vs Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12+ (360 KPH / 224 MPH)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:53
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
All cars went on racing fuel and maximum boost. The speed 360 KPH was registered on the GPS (Racelogic). Next: Porsche GT2 RS 9ff 1150 Garrett, Porsche 911 Turbo Protomotive 1100 vs Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12+ To be continued... _______________________________________________________________ Автомобили заезжали на гоночном топливе и максимальном бусте. Скорость 360 км/ч зафиксирована по GPS (Race logic) В следующим видео вы увидите: Porsche GT2 RS 9ff 1150 Garrett, Porsche 911 Turbo Protomotive 1100 vs Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12+
http://wn.com/Lamborghini_Gallardo_UR_Twin_Turbo_vs_Nissan_GT-R_AMS_Alpha_12+_360_KPH_224_MPH
All cars went on racing fuel and maximum boost. The speed 360 KPH was registered on the GPS (Racelogic). Next: Porsche GT2 RS 9ff 1150 Garrett, Porsche 911 Turbo Protomotive 1100 vs Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12+ To be continued... _______________________________________________________________ Автомобили заезжали на гоночном топливе и максимальном бусте. Скорость 360 км/ч зафиксирована по GPS (Race logic) В следующим видео вы увидите: Porsche GT2 RS 9ff 1150 Garrett, Porsche 911 Turbo Protomotive 1100 vs Nissan GT-R AMS Alpha 12+
- published: 02 Oct 2012
- views: 1125491
- author: DragTimesInfo
Nissan Juke-R and Jeep SRT-8 Twin Turbo - Unlim 500+ 2012, SUV TOP-3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Unlim 500+ (September 2012), all result: www.dragtimes.ru 1) #69, Vladimir U. — Nissan Juke R SVE Stage 2 (2012, 750 HP) — 27.158 sec. (287.31 km/h) 2) #61, Tigran A. — Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 Twin Turbo (2008, 1300 HP) — 27.202 sec. (274.39 km/h) 3) #21, Kirill S. — Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 Supercharged (2008, 718 HP) — 29.426 sec (274.80 km/h) 4) #19, Oleg B. — BMW X6M PP-Performance Stage 4 (2011, 760 HP) — 29.478 sec. (242.23 km/h) 5) #38, Ramon B. — BMW X6M PP-Performance Stage 3 (2011, 680 HP) — 29.606 sec. (271.28 km/h)
http://wn.com/Nissan_Juke-R_and_Jeep_SRT-8_Twin_Turbo_Unlim_500+_2012,_SUV_TOP-3
Unlim 500+ (September 2012), all result: www.dragtimes.ru 1) #69, Vladimir U. — Nissan Juke R SVE Stage 2 (2012, 750 HP) — 27.158 sec. (287.31 km/h) 2) #61, Tigran A. — Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 Twin Turbo (2008, 1300 HP) — 27.202 sec. (274.39 km/h) 3) #21, Kirill S. — Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT-8 Supercharged (2008, 718 HP) — 29.426 sec (274.80 km/h) 4) #19, Oleg B. — BMW X6M PP-Performance Stage 4 (2011, 760 HP) — 29.478 sec. (242.23 km/h) 5) #38, Ramon B. — BMW X6M PP-Performance Stage 3 (2011, 680 HP) — 29.606 sec. (271.28 km/h)
- published: 26 Nov 2012
- views: 306122
- author: DragTimesInfo
photo: AP / Adj Nicolas-Nelson Richard, ECPAD
14 Jan 2013
Bamako/Paris - French fighter jets pounded Islamist rebel strongholds deep in northern Mali on Sunday as Paris poured more troops into the capital, Bamako, awaiting a West African force to dislodge al-Qaeda-linked insurgents from the country’s north ... Defence Minister Jean-Yves le Drian said France’s intervention on Friday prevented the advancing rebels from seizing Bamako and vowed air strikes would continue ... – ... Doubt....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / INABA Tomoaki
16 Jan 2013
YURI KAGEYAMA. AP Business Writers= TOKYO (AP) — Boeing Co.'s 787 planes were grounded for safety checks Wednesday by two major Japanese airlines after one was forced to make an emergency landing in the latest blow for the new jet ... The 787, known as the Dreamliner, is Boeing's newest and most technologically advanced jet, and the company is counting heavily on its success ... The grounding was done voluntarily by the airlines ... The U.S ... U.S....(size: 11.1Kb)
photo: WN / Jamal Penjweny
15 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON. Suicides in the U.S. military surged to a record 349 last year, far exceeding American combat deaths in Afghanistan, and some private experts are predicting the dark trend will grow worse this year. The Pentagon has struggled to deal with the suicides, which Defense Secretary Leon Panetta and others have called an epidemic ... Last year’s total is the highest since the Pentagon began closely tracking suicides in 2001 ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / BP
16 Jan 2013
IN what could be the first spillover from France's intervention in Mali, Islamist militants attacked and occupied a natural gas complex partly operated by energy company BP in southern Algeria. Two foreigners were killed and dozens of others, including Americans, were taken hostage ... It said it was holding 41 foreigners, including seven Americans ... Recommended Coverage. Al-Qaeda seize hostages in Algeria. End of sidebar ... . ....(size: 7.4Kb)
photo: AP / Carolyn Kaster
16 Jan 2013
JULIE PACE. Associated Press= WASHINGTON (AP) — Braced for a fight, President Barack Obama on Wednesday unveiled the most sweeping proposals for curbing gun violence in two decades, pressing a reluctant Congress to pass universal background checks and bans on military-style assault weapons and high-capacity ammunition magazines like the ones used in the Newtown, Conn., school shooting ... "And Congress must act soon." ... World news....(size: 9.2Kb)
noodls
17 Jan 2013
Nissan Motor Co Ltd) Prestigious award elevates Nissan's role as leader in innovative design Resonance signals future direction for Nissan crossover SUVs with smart, edgy design and advanced HEV powertrain. DETROIT - Hours after unveiling the Nissan Resonance, a design concept previewing the direction of future Nissan crossovers, the vehicle was selected as winner of the EyesOn Design Award for Best Concept Vehicle ... About Nissan....(size: 4.6Kb)
Ohio
17 Jan 2013
Nissan plant to supply hybrids. Nissan plans to better use a Tennessee battery plant making components for the slow-selling Leaf electric car by having it also supply parts for the company’s hybrid vehicles, an executive said ... sales of the rechargeable car have missed Nissan’s target for the past two years, staying below 10,000 units. The factory, next to Nissan’s largest U.S....(size: 4.5Kb)
The Florida Times Union
17 Jan 2013
The Times of India
17 Jan 2013
AHMEDABAD ... "Sales were hit by 35-40% during kamurta, but we will compensate for the entire month in just three days," said Sukhbir Bagga, who runs dealerships of Hyundai and Nissan cars. Bagga, who sells 400 Hyundai cars and 200 Nissan cars every month on average, will deliver 300 cars of each brand during these five days ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
17 Jan 2013
From an unusually strong crop of design concepts — especially the Nissan Resonance and Lincoln MKC crossover — I'd give the Ford Atlas top billing ... of all the new production models unveiled at the show, only the Jeep Compass/Patriot and the Nissan Versa Note hatchback were sub-luxury level machines ... than a Nissan Juke, Mini Countryman, etc....(size: 4.3Kb)
CNET
17 Jan 2013
We take a look back at some of the most interesting revelations of the 2013 Detroit auto show. by ... Among this wide range of vehicles, one theme was shared ... 2014 Nissan Versa Note (Credit ... I'd say that the 2014 Nissan Versa Note is the most accessible car to debut in Detroit this year ... This entry-level hatchback can be had with Nissan's Around-View 360-degree camera system and the NissanConnect Google-connected navigation system ... , Tags ... . ....(size: 5.7Kb)
The New York Times
17 Jan 2013
Manufacturers were still giving out flash drives containing press materials at the 2013 Detroit auto show, but not as many as at past shows ... 2013 Detroit Auto Show ... Chevrolet, Infiniti, Nissan and Subaru decided to use credit-card-style flat drives — nothing new, but still pretty convenient ... Steering Issues Prompt Recall of Nissan Altimas and Investigation of Hyundai Santa Fe ... Cobb ... Cadillac, Ford, Nissan and Lutz Win Design Awards....(size: 7.0Kb)
Bloomberg
17 Jan 2013
Fresno Bee
17 Jan 2013
when the driver of a 2010 Nissan, Tracy Lynn Gutierrez, 42, of Lindsay, entered Highway 65 on Avenue 208 and was ......(size: 0.6Kb)
MSNBC
17 Jan 2013
noodls
17 Jan 2013
noodls
17 Jan 2013
(Source. City of Grande Prairie). News Review. Daily News Summary. 2013/01/16. 1/16/2013 ... - theft of a 2012 Nissan Titan ... More News ». distributed by....(size: 2.2Kb)
"Nissan" redirects here. For the Hebrew month, see Nisan. For other uses, see Nissan (disambiguation).
 |
|
| Type | Public |
|---|---|
| Traded as | TYO: 7201 OTC Pink: NSANY |
| Industry | Automotive Financial services |
| Founded | December 26, 1933 |
| Founder(s) | Masujiro Hashimoto Kenjiro Den Rokuro Aoyama Meitaro Takeuchi Yoshisuke Aikawa |
| Headquarters | Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (Officially registered in Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa) |
| Area served | Worldwide |
| Key people | Carlos Ghosn (Chairman & CEO) Toshiyuki Shiga (President and COO) |
| Products | Automobiles, Outboard Motors, Forklift Trucks |
| Production output |  4,080,588 units (2010) |
| Revenue | ¥8.773 trillion (2011)[1] |
| Operating income | ¥462.92 billion (2011)[1] |
| Profit | ¥319.22 billion (2011)[1] |
| Total assets | ¥10.736 trillion (2011)[1] |
| Total equity | ¥2.943 trillion (2011)[1] |
| Employees | 155,099 (2011)[1] |
| Divisions | Infiniti, NISMO, Infiniti Performance Line |
| Subsidiaries | Nissan Forklift, Nissan Marine, Autech |
| Website | www.nissan-global.com |
Nissan Motor Company Ltd (Japanese: 日産自動車株式会社, Nissan Jidōsha Kabushiki-gaisha?) (TYO: 7201), usually shortened to Nissan ( /ˈniːsɑːn/ or UK /ˈnɪsæn/; Japanese: [nisːaɴ]), is a multinational automaker headquartered in Japan. It was a core member of the Nissan Group, but has become more independent after its restructuring under Carlos Ghosn (CEO).
Nissan was the sixth largest automaker in the world behind Toyota, General Motors, Volkswagen AG, Hyundai Motor Group, and Ford in 2010. It formerly marketed vehicles under the "Datsun" brand name. As of 2011, the company's global headquarters is located in Nishi-ku, Yokohama. In 1999, Nissan entered a two way alliance with Renault S.A. of France, which owns 43.4% of Nissan while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares, as of 2008. Along with its normal range of models, Nissan also produces a range of luxury models branded as Infiniti.
The Nissan VQ engines, of V6 configuration, have been featured among Ward's 10 Best Engines for 14 straight years.
History[link]
Beginnings of Datsun name from 1914[link]
Masujiro Hashimoto founded The Kwaishinsha Motor Car Works in 1911. In 1914, the company produced its first car, called DAT.
The new car's name was an acronym of the company's investors' family names:
- Kenjiro Den (田 健次郎, Den Kenjirō?)
- Rokuro Aoyama (青山 禄朗, Aoyama Rokurō?)
- Meitaro Takeuchi (竹内 明太郎, Takeuchi Meitarō?).
It was renamed to Kwaishinsha Motorcar Co., Ltd. in 1918, and again to DAT Motorcar Co. in 1925.[2] DAT Motors built trucks in addition to the DAT and Datsun passenger cars. The vast majority of its output were trucks, due to an almost non-existent consumer market for passenger cars at the time. Beginning in 1918, the first DAT trucks were produced for the military market. It was the low demand of the military market in the 1920s that forced DAT to merge in 1926 with Japan's second most successful truck maker, Jitsuyo Motors.
In 1926 the Tokyo-based DAT Motors merged with the Osaka-based Jitsuyo Jidosha Co., Ltd. (実用自動車製造株式会社, Jitsuyō Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?) a.k.a. Jitsuyo Motors (established 1919, as a Kubota subsidiary) to become DAT Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (ダット自動車製造株式会社, Datto Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?) in Osaka until 1932. (Jitsuyo Jidosha began producing a three-wheeled vehicle with an enclosed cab called the Gorham in 1920, and the following year produced a four-wheeled version. From 1923 to 1925, the company produced light cars and trucks under the name of Lila.[3])
In 1931, DAT came out with a new smaller car, the first "Datson", meaning "Son of DAT". Later in 1933 after Nissan took control of DAT Motors, the last syllable of Datson was changed to "sun", because "son" also means "loss" (損) in Japanese, hence the name "Datsun" (ダットサン, Dattosan?).[4]
In 1933, the company name was Nipponized to Jidosha-Seizo Co., Ltd. (自動車製造株式会社, Jidōsha Seizō Kabushiki-Gaisha?, "Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.") and was moved to Yokohama.
Nissan name first used in 1930s[link]
In 1928, Yoshisuke Aikawa founded the holding company Nippon Sangyo (Japan Industries or Nippon Industries). "The name 'Nissan' originated during the 1930s as an abbreviation"[5] used on the Tokyo stock market for Nippon Sangyo. This company was the famous Nissan "Zaibatsu" (combine) which included Tobata Casting and Hitachi. At this time Nissan controlled foundries and auto parts businesses, but Aikawa did not enter automobile manufacturing until 1933.[6]
Nissan eventually grew to include 74 firms, and became the fourth-largest combine in Japan during World War II.[7]
In 1930, Aikawa purchased controlling(?) shares in DAT Motors, and then in 1933 it merged Tobata Casting's automobile parts department with DAT Motors. As Tobata Casting was a Nissan company, this was the beginning of Nissan's automobile manufacturing.[8]
Nissan Motor founded in 1934[link]
In 1934, Aikawa "separated the expanded automobile parts division of Tobata Casting and incorporated it as a new subsidiary, which he named Nissan Motor (Nissan)". Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (日産自動車, Nissan Jidōsha?). The shareholders of the new company however were not enthusiastic about the prospects of the automobile in Japan, so Aikawa bought out all the Tobata Casting shareholders (using capital from Nippon Industries) in June, 1934. At this time Nissan Motor effectively became owned by Nippon Sangyo and Hitachi.[9]
Nissan built trucks, airplanes, and engines for the Japanese military. The company's main plant was moved to China after land there was captured by Japan. The plant made machinery for the Japanese war effort until it was captured by American and Russian forces. From 1947 to 1948 the company was called Nissan Heavy Industries Corp.
Nissan's early American connection[link]
DAT had inherited Kubota's chief designer, American engineer William R. Gorham. This, along with Aikawa's inspiring 1908 visit to Detroit, was to greatly affect Nissan's future.[2][10]
Although it had always been Aikawa's intention to use cutting-edge auto making technology from America, it was Gorham that carried out the plan. All the machinery, vehicle designs and engine designs originally came out of the United States. Much of the tooling came from the Graham factory and Nissan had a Graham license under which trucks were made. The machinery was imported into Japan by Mitsubishi[11] on behalf of Nissan, which went into the first Yokohama factory to produce cars.
Austin Motor Company[link]
In early 1950s, Nissan partnered with an established European company to gain access to up-to-date automobile and engine designs. Nissan chose Austin of the United Kingdom, which later became the British Motor Corporation by its merger with Morris et al. Nissan began building Austin 7s in 1930, though the legitimacy of their license at that time is debated. After the success of Nissan, Hino and Isuzu followed to partner with Renault and Hillman respectively.[12]
In 1952 Nissan Motor Company of Japan entered into a legal agreement with Austin,[13] for Nissan to assemble 2,000 Austins from imported partially assembled sets and sell them in Japan under the Austin trademark. The agreement called for Nissan to make all Austin parts locally within three years, a goal Nissan met. Nissan produced and marketed Austins for seven years. The agreement also gave Nissan rights to use Austin patents, which Nissan used in developing its own engines for its Datsun line of cars. In 1953 British-built Austins were assembled and sold, but by 1955, the Austin A50 – completely built by Nissan and featuring a slightly larger body with new 1489 cc engine—was on the market in Japan. Nissan produced 20,855 Austins from 1953–1959.[14]
Nissan leveraged the Austin patents to further develop their own modern engine designs past what the Austin's A- and B-family designs offered. The apex of the Austin-derived engines was the new design A series engine in 1967. Also in 1967 Nissan introduced its new highly advanced four cylinder overhead cam (OHC) Nissan L engine, which while similar to Mercedes-Benz OHC designs was a totally new engine designed by Nissan. This engine powered the new Datsun 510, which gained Nissan respect in the worldwide sedan market. Then, in 1969 Nissan introduced the Datsun 240Z sports car which used a six-cylinder variation of the L series engine. The 240Z was an immediate sensation and lifted Nissan to world class status in the automobile market.[citation needed]
Merger with Prince Motor Company[link]
In 1966, Nissan merged with the Prince Motor Company, bringing more upmarket cars, including the Nissan Skyline and Nissan Gloria, into its selection. The Prince name was eventually abandoned, and successive Skylines and Glorias bore the Nissan name. "Prince," was used at the Japanese Nissan dealership "Nissan Prince Shop" until 1999, when "Nissan Red Stage" replaced it. Nissan Red Stage itself has been replaced as of 2007. The vehicles that were the result of Prince manufacturing and development, such as the Gloria and the Skyline live on in the internationally established marque, Infiniti.
Foreign expansion[link]
In the 1950s, Nissan decided to expand into worldwide markets. Nissan management realized their Datsun small car line would fill an unmet need in markets such as Australia and the world's largest car market, the United States. They first showed cars at the 1959 Los Angeles Auto Show and sold a few that year in the United States. The company formed a U.S. subsidiary, Nissan Motor Corporation U.S.A., in 1959, headed by Yutaka Katayama. Nissan continued to improve their sedans with the latest technological advancements and chic Italianate styling in sporty cars such as the Datsun Fairlady roadsters, the race-winning 411 series, the Datsun 510 and the world-class Datsun 240Z, and by 1970, they had become one of the world's largest exporters of automobiles.
In the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, consumers worldwide (especially in the lucrative U.S. market) began turning in rapidly increasing numbers to high-quality small economy cars. To meet the growing demand, the company built new factories in Mexico, Australia, Taiwan and South Africa.
The "Chicken Tax" of 1964 placed a 25% tax on imported commercial vans.[15] In response, Nissan, Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. began building plants in the U.S. in the early 80s.[15]
Nissan's initial assembly plant, in Smyrna, Tennessee, at first built only trucks such as the 720 and Hardbody, but has since expanded to produce several car and SUV lines, including the Altima, Maxima, Xterra and Pathfinder. An engine plant in Decherd, Tennessee followed, and most recently a second assembly plant in Canton, Mississippi.
In 1998 Nissan announced that it was selling one of its headquarter buildings to the Mori Group for $107.8 million.[16]
In order to overcome export tariffs and delivery costs to its European customers, Nissan contemplated establishing a plant in Europe. After an extensive review, Sunderland in the north east of England was chosen for the local availability of a highly skilled workforce and its position near major ports. The plant was completed in 1986 as the subsidiary Nissan Motor Manufacturing (UK) Ltd. By 2007, it was producing 400,000 vehicles per year, landing it the highly coveted title of the most productive plant in Europe.
Financial difficulties (approaching billions) in Australia in the late 1980s caused Nissan to cease production there. Due to the "Button Plan" the Australian operation was unique as the Nissan products were also rebranded both by General Motors Holden: Pulsar as the Holden Astra), and Ford: Bluebird as the Ford Corsair).
In 2001 established a manufacturing plant in Brazil, in 2005, Nissan setup operations in India, through its subsidiary Nissan Motor India Pvt. Ltd.[17] With its global alliance partner, Renault, Nissan is investing $920 million to set up a manufacturing facility in Chennai to cater to the Indian market as well as a base for exports of small cars to Europe.[18]
Nissan sold nearly 520,000 new vehicles in China in 2009 in joint venture with Dongfeng Motor, and aims for 1 million in 3 or 4 years. To meet that target, Dongfeng-Nissan is expanding its production base in Guangzhou, which would become Nissan's largest factory around the globe in terms of production capacity upon completion.[19]
Relationship with Ford Motor Company[link]
From 1993 to 2002, Nissan partnered with Ford to market the Mercury Villager and the Nissan Quest. The two minivans were manufactured with all the same parts and were virtually identical aside from several cosmetic differences. In 2002, Ford discontinued the Villager to make room for its Freestar and Monterey. Nissan brought out a new version of the Quest in 2004, which was designed in-house and no longer bore any relation to Ford's models. Twenty years after the Quest joint venture, Nissan would be Ford's rival to to supply taxis for New York City. The Nissan NV200 was chosen over the Ford Transit Connect.
In 1992, Nissan relaunched its Terrano four-wheel drive, which was cosmetically and mechanically identical to the Ford Maverick. Both cars were built in Spain. Although the Maverick was discontinued in 1998 due to disappointing sales, the Nissan Terrano was a strong seller and remained in production until 2005, when it was replaced by the Nissan Pathfinder.
Trucks[link]
The Nissan Titan was introduced in 2004, as a full-size pickup truck produced for the North American market, the truck shares the stretched Nissan F-Alpha platform with the Nissan Armada and Infiniti QX56 SUVs.
The Titan features a 32 valve 5.6 L VK56DE V8 engine which generates 317 hp, and is capable of towing approximately 9500 pounds. The Nissan Titan comes in four basic trim levels: XE, SE, Pro-4X, and LE; that for the 2011 it will be S, SV, PRO-4X and SL.The trim levels are combinations of the features offered on the truck. It was listed by Edmunds.com as the best full-size truck. The Titan was nominated for the North American Truck of the Year award for 2004.
Alliance with Renault[link]
In 1999, with Nissan facing severe financial difficulties, Nissan entered an alliance with Renault S.A. of France.[20]
Signed on March 27, 1999, the Renault-Nissan Alliance is the first of its kind involving a Japanese and French car manufacturer, each with its own distinct corporate culture and brand identity. The same year, Renault appointed its own Chief Operating Officer, Carlos Ghosn, as Chief Operating Officer of Nissan and took a 22.5% stake in Nissan Diesel. Later that year, Nissan fired its top Japanese executives.
The Renault-Nissan Alliance has evolved over years to Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, while Nissan holds 15% of Renault shares which does not give Nissan a voting or board representation due to legal restriction in France.
Under CEO Ghosn's "Nissan Revival Plan" (NRP), the company has rebounded in what many leading economists consider to be one of the most spectacular corporate turnarounds in history, catapulting Nissan to record profits and a dramatic revitalization of both its Nissan and Infiniti model line-ups. In 2001, the company initiated Nissan 180, capitalizing on the success of the NRP. The targets set with 180 were an additional sale of 1 million cars, achieving operating margins of 8%, and to have zero automotive debts. Ghosn has been recognized in Japan for the company's turnaround in the midst of an ailing Japanese economy. Ghosn and the Nissan turnaround were featured in Japanese manga and popular culture. His achievements in revitalizing Nissan were noted by Japanese Government, which awarded him the Japan Medal with Blue Ribbon in 2004.[21]
Expansion of alliance to include both Daimler and Renault[link]
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On April 7, 2010, Daimler AG exchanged a 3.9% share of its holdings for 3.9% from both Nissan and Renault. This triple alliance allows for the increased sharing of technology and development costs, encouraging global cooperation and mutual development.[22] The alliance with Daimler is believed to have a focus on battery/electric technologies.
Nissan Motor Co v. Nissan Computer Corporation[link]
In December 1999, legal action was instituted by Nissan Motor seeking $10,000,000 in damages from Uzi Nissan, president of Nissan Computer. In December 2002, Uzi Nissan was handed an injunction restricting his use of the Nissan name and the domains Nissan.com and Nissan.net which he owns.
In 2004, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals allowed Nissan Computer to appeal the case, which resulted in reversal of some findings previously in favor of Nissan Motor.[23]
On February 5, 2008, Final Judgement was entered for the case, with Nissan Computer being awarded costs and neither party prevailing.[24] Immediately following the ruling, Nissan Motor filed a trademark application for Computer Equipment in March 2008,[25] viewed by some as an attempt to acquire the domain through UDRP, an arbitration panel proceeding which often finds in favor of trademark holders.
Recent news[link]
In 2010, Nissan announced that its hybrid technology is no longer based on Toyota's.
On April 7, 2010, Daimler AG exchanged a 3.9% share of its holdings for 3.9% from both Nissan and Renault. This triple alliance allows for the increased sharing of technology and development costs, encouraging global cooperation and mutual development.[22]
The Nissan Note and Qashqai in the UK are both produced at their UK factory in Washington, Tyne & Wear. On January 9, 2009, it was announced that 1,200 jobs were to be cut at the Washington plant. The decision was blamed on economic reasons, including a downturn in the car selling market. Nissan's senior vice-president for manufacturing in Europe, Trevor Mann, said the company was "right-sizing our operations to the market demand."[26]
Nissan also produces cars at its factory at Roslyn, near Pretoria, South Africa.
Nissan North America relocated its headquarters from Gardena, California to the Nashville, Tennessee area in July 2006. A new headquarters, Nissan Americas, was dedicated on July 22, 2008, in Cool Springs (Nashville, Tennessee). Approximately 1500 employees work in the facility.
On June 30, 2006, General Motors convened an emergency board meeting to discuss a proposal by shareholder Kirk Kerkorian to form an alliance between GM and Renault-Nissan. On October 4, 2006, however, GM and Nissan terminated talks because of the chasm between the two companies related to compensation to GM from Nissan.
On May 17, 2006 Nissan released the Atlas 20 hybrid truck in Japan. It released a Cabstar hybrid truck at the 2006 Hannover Fair.
The company's head office moved from Tokyo back to Yokohama in August 2009.
On February 23, 2008 the Tamil Nadu state government (India) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with auto manufacturing consortium, Mahindra-Renault- Nissan to set up a production unit at Oragadam in suburban Chennai.
The consortium comprising Indian auto major Mahindra and Mahindra, Renault (France) and Nissan (Japan) will begin with an initial investment of Rs4000 crore to manufacture nearly 50,000 tractors every year other than cars, utility vehicles and spare parts. The project is expected to increase Tamil Nadu’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by Rs18,000 crore annually while providing 41,000 jobs.
Nissan began development of fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) in 1996 and launched limited lease sales of the X-Trail FCV in Japan in fiscal year 2003.
In 2002, Toyota and Nissan agree to tie-up on hybrid technologies, and in 2004, Nissan unveiled the Altima hybrid prototype.
Vehicle recalls[link]
On March 2, 2010 Nissan announced the recall of 540,000 vehicles to fix brake pedals and gas gauges. The brake pedal recall affects 179,000 vehicles in the US and about 26,000 in the Middle East, Canada, Russia and several other countries.
Certain 2008 to 2010 Nissan Titan pickups, Infiniti QX56 and Nissan Armada Sports Utility Vehicles, and some 2008 and 2009 Nissan Quest minivans are being recalled.[27]
Nissan also announced the recall of several models of trucks and SUVs, including 2004–2006 Armadas and Titans, 2005–2006 Infiniti QX56s, and Frontiers, Pathfinders and Xterras made in August 2003 and June 2006. The recall was made in response to a risk that the electrical relays in the engine control modules for those vehicles may fail, possibly rendering the engine inoperable. The recall affects about 2,200,000 cars worldwide.[28]
In May 2011, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration launched an investigation of the 2007 and 2008 Altimas over leakage issues, which could lead to recalls.[29]
In February 2012, Nissan announced it would be recalling approximately 250,000 vehicles worldwide. Affected models include the Juke, Serena, Patrol, the China-made Tiida, Micra and Infiniti M and QX models.
In March 2012 Nissan announced the building of a new car, the Invitation, from mid-2013 at the Washington plant in the UK with the creation of 2000 jobs, 400 of them at Washington.[30]
Environmental record[link]
Prior to announcements about the Nissan Leaf, Nissan Motor has had no special environmental record, at least as perceived relative to its competition. This may change in the future owing to a new emphasis on the development, production and marketing of electric automobiles. Nissan is planning to sell electric cars in the US coastal markets by December 2010, and within the US interior by June 2011. The company claims its EV model, the Nissan Leaf, has a maximum speed of 90 mph (140 km/h) and can go 100 miles per charge. It is projected to take eight hours to charge the car fully. Nissan's car uses a large-capacity laminated lithium ion rechargeable battery. The vehicle is intended for short distances, and is not meant for replacing traditional cars for long trips. As with other electric cars these products from Nissan won't emit pollutants from their exhaust. Any pollution involved in their operation would come from the production of the electricity needed to charge the car, depending on the type of power generation facility.[31] Nissan has chosen to develop 100 percent electric cars rather than biofuel or ethanol running cars based upon cost analysis.[32] On May 12, 2009, Nissan announced the company will produce EVs at its Oppama plant from fall 2010 with capacity of 50,000 units a year. Batteries for EVs will be supplied by Automotive Energy Supply Corporation, a joint-venture between Nissan (51%), NEC Corporation (42%) and NEC Energy Devices, Ltd. (7%).[33] In July 2011, the solar charging port of Nissan – construction on a 30-car solar charging station outside of the future Smyrna Vehicle Assembly Plant in Tennessee – is expected to be completed. And it will use renewable energy to charge the Nissan Leafs that will be produced there in 2012.[34]
Leadership[link]
Presidents and Chief Executive Officers of Nissan:
- 1933–1939 Yoshisuke Aikawa
- 1939–1942 Masasuke Murakami
- 1942–1944 Genshichi Asahara
- 1944–1945 Haruto Kudo
- 1945 Takeshi Murayama
- 1945–1947 Souji Yamamoto
- 1947–1951 Taichi Minoura
- 1951–1957 Genshichi Asahara
- 1957–1973 Katsuji Kawamata
- 1973–1977 Tadahiro Iwakoshi
- 1977–1985 Takashi Ishihara
- 1985–1992 Yutaka Kume
- 1992–1996 Yoshifume Tsuji
- 1996–2000 Yoshikazu Hanawa
- 2000–present Carlos Ghosn
Products[link]
Automotive products[link]
File:Nissan Logo.jpg
Older Style Nissan Logo (1984–2001)
- Main articles: List of Nissan vehicles and List of Nissan engines.
Nissan has produced an extensive range of mainstream cars and trucks, initially for domestic consumption but exported around the world since the 1950s. There was a major strike in 1953.
It also produced several memorable sports cars, including the Datsun Fairlady 1500, 1600 and 2000 Roadsters, the Z-car, an affordable sports car originally introduced in 1969; and the GT-R, a powerful all-wheel-drive sports coupe.
In 1985, Nissan created a tuning division, Nismo, for competition and performance development of such cars. One of Nismo's latest models is the 370Z Nismo.
Until 1982, Nissan automobiles in most export markets were sold under the Datsun brand. Since 1989, Nissan has sold its luxury models in North America under the Infiniti brand.
Nissan also sells a small range of kei cars, mainly as a joint venture with other Japanese manufacturers like Suzuki or Mitsubishi. Nissan does not develop these cars. Nissan also has shared model development of Japanese domestic cars with other manufacturers, particularly Mazda, Subaru, Suzuki and Isuzu.
In China, Nissan produces cars in association with the Dongfeng Motor Group including the 2006 Nissan Livina Geniss. This is the first in the range of a new worldwide family of medium sized cars and is to make its world debut at the Guangzhou International Motor Show.
Nissan launches Qashqai SUV in South Africa, along with their new motorsport Qashqai Car Games.
In 2010, Nissan created another tuning division,IPL, this time for their premium/luxury brand Infiniti.
Japan[link]
As of 2007 in Japan, Nissan sells its products at an internationally recognized "Nissan" signage, using a chrome circle with "Nissan" across the front. Previously, Nissan used two dealership names called Nissan Blue Stage, Nissan Red Stage, and Japanese: Nissan Red and Blue Stage, established in 1999. Before that, Nissan Red Stage was the result of combining an older sales channel of dealerships under the names "Nissan Prince Shop" (日産・プリンス店), established in 1966 after the merger of Prince Motors by Nissan that sold the Nissan Skyline, "Nissan Satio Shop" (日産・サティオ店), that sold cars developed from the Nissan Sunny at its introduction in 1966, and "Nissan Cherry Shop" (日産・チェリー店), cars associated with the Nissan Cherry and established in 1970. Nissan Blue Stage was the result of combining older sales channels, called "Nissan Bluebird Shop", or "Nissan Exhibition" (日産店), selling cars associated with the Nissan Bluebird in 1959, and "Nissan Motor Shop" (日産・モーター店), cars associated with the Nissan Laurel starting in 1968. In 1970, Nissan also set up a separate sales chain that sold used cars including auctions, called Japanese: Nissan U-Cars, which they still maintain.
- All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Blue Stage (1999–2005)
Nissan Fairlady Z, Nissan Serena, Nissan Cedric, Nissan R'nessa, Nissan Cima, Nissan Liberty, Nissan Cefiro, Nissan Laurel, Nissan President, Nissan Bluebird, Nissan Primera, Nissan Pulsar, Nissan Presea, Nissan Terrano, Nissan Stagea, Nissan Leopard, Nissan Avenir, Nissan Truck, Nissan Hypermini, Nissan Caravan.
- All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Red Stage (1999–2005)
Nissan Presage, Nissan X-Trail. Nissan Teana, Nissan Bluebird Sylphy, Nissan Crew, Nissan Skyline, Nissan Civilian, Nissan Silvia, Nissan Tino, Nissan Bassara, Nissan Gloria, Nissan Pulsar, Nissan Sunny, Nissan Rasheen, Nissan Primera, Nissan Mistral, Nissan Presea, Nissan Stagea, Nissan Advan, Nissan Largo, Nissan Vanette, Nissan Clipper, Nissan Homy, Nissan Elgrand, Nissan Safari, Nissan Wingroad, Nissan Atlas.
- All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Prince Shop, Nissan Satio Shop, Nissan Cherry Shop (1966–1999)
Cima, Gloria, Skyline, Primera, Auster, Pulsar, Langley, Volkswagen Santana, Volkswagen Passat, 180SX, Safari, Mistral, Elgrand, Homy, Bassara, Largo, Serena, Stagea, Primera wagon, Avenir, Wingroad, Expert, AD van, Vanette, Clipper, Atlas, Homer (cab over truck), Cherry, Sunny, Cherry Vanette,
- All cars sold at Japanese: Nissan Bluebird Shop (later Nissan Shop, Nissan Exhibition), Nissan Motor Shop, (1959–1999)
Liberta Villa, Violet, Bluebird, Leopard, Maxima, Fairlady Z, Terrano, Avenir, Cefiro, Laurel, Laurel Spirit, Cedric, President,
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nissan dealerships |
Electric vehicles[link]
Main article: Nissan electric vehicle
Nissan will launch electric cars in Europe in 2010 with different business models in different countries.[35]
Nissan Motor Co. has nearly completed development of a lithium-ion battery using a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathode (NMC). The new system, which will reportedly offer almost double the capacity of Nissan/AESC’s current manganese spinel cell.[36]
The new Nissan Leaf is expected to be marketed in North America, Europe, and Japan, beginning in late 2010. Nissan has announced it will manufacture the new Leaf compact electric car at its Washington plant in the UK. The annual production capacity will be 50,000 vehicles at Washington.[37]
Non-automotive products[link]
Nissan has also had a number of ventures outside the automotive industry, most notably the Tu-Ka mobile phone service (est. 1994), which was sold to DDI and Japan Telecom (both now merged into KDDI Corporation) in 1999. Nissan also owns Nissan Marine, a joint venture with Tohatsu Corp that produces motors for boats and other maritime equipment.
Global sales figures[link]
| Calendar Year | Global Sales |
|---|---|
| 1998 | 2,555,962 |
| 1999 | 2,629,044 |
| 2000 | 2,632,876 |
| 2001 | 2,580,757 |
| 2002 | 2,735,932 |
| 2003 | 2,968,357 |
| 2004 | 3,295,830 |
| 2005 | 3,597,851 |
| 2006 | 3,477,837 |
| 2007 | 3,675,574 |
| 2008 | 3,708,074 |
| 2009 | 3,358,413 |
| 2010 | 4,080,588 |
| 2011 | 4,669,981 |
Manufacturing locations[link]
Data extracted from Nissan's international corporate website.[38]
Japan
- Oppama, Yokosuka, Kanagawa (Oppama Plant & Research Center)
- Kaminokawa, Tochigi (Tochigi Plant)
- Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Motor Kyushu[39] & Nissan Shatai Kyushu Plant[40])
- Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa (Yokohama Plant)
- Iwaki, Fukushima (Iwaki Plant)
- Hiratsuka, Kanagawa (Nissan Shatai Shonan Plant)
- Nagoya, Aichi (Aichi Machine Industry Atsuta & Eitoku Plants)
- Matsusaka, Mie (Aichi Machine Industry Matsusaka Plant)
- Tsu, Mie (Aichi Machine Industry Tsu Plant)
- Uji, Kyoto (Auto Works Kyoto)
- Ageo, Saitama (Nissan Diesel Motor, currently owned by the Volvo Group)
- Samukawa, Kanagawa (Nissan Kohki)
- Zama, Kanagawa (Assembly lines in the Zama Plant were closed in 1995, currently Global Production Engineering Center and storage unit for its historic models. Automotive Energy Supply Corporation (AESC), a joint-venture between Nissan and NEC, produces lithium-ion batteries in Zama.)
India
Brazil
- São José dos Pinhais, Paraná
Indonesia
Iran
Malaysia
Mexico
Morocco
- Tangier, Tangier Med port (Under construction, Renault-Nissan plant)
Egypt
Pakistan
Philippines
South Africa
Spain
Thailand
- Bangna, Samutprakarn
Republic of China
- Taipei, Taiwan
United Kingdom
United States
Russia
- St. Petersburg, Russia (Completion 2010)
See also[link]
- Autech
- Ashok Leyland Nissan Vehicles
- Calsonic
- Nissan Diesel
- Nissan Group
- Datsun
- Renault
- Infiniti
- Impul
- Jatco
- Dongfeng Motor Company
- Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel Company
- List of Nissan vehicles
- List of Nissan engines
- Nissan Proving Grounds
- Laurence Hartnett
- Project Better Place
- NEC
- Nissan Engine Museum
- Yokohama F. Marinos
- Carlos Ghosn
- Yutaka Katayama
- Shinichiro Sakurai
- Nissan Stadium
- Nismo
- Yulon
Notes and references[link]
- ^ a b c d e f "FY2012 Consolidated Financial Results: Toyota Motor Company". May 2011. http://www.google.com/finance?q=PINK:NSANY&fstype=ii. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
- ^ a b "NISSAN | CORPORATE INFORMATION | Outline of Company|Company Development, Heritage | First half of the history of Nissan". Nissan-global.com. http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/COMPANY/PROFILE/HERITAGE/HISTORY/. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
- ^ The Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars 1885 to the Present Edited by G.N. Georgano; 1968; E.P. Dutton and Company; New York, NY
- ^ Cusumano page 33
- ^ Cusumano pp 28
- ^ Cusumano pp 28, 30, 33
- ^ Cusumano pp 28, 30
- ^ Cusumano pp 30.
- ^ Cusumano, page 37
- ^ "A Brief History of Nissan Motor Company", Nissan corporate website.
- ^ "Awful" (1935-01-21)- Retrieved June 11, 2007
- ^ Alan Bent Austin A40 and A50
- ^ Cususmano
- ^ Cusumano, pp 90–92
- ^ a b "To Outfox the Chicken Tax, Ford Strips Its Own Vans". The Wall Street Journal, Matthew Dolan, September 22, 2009. September 23, 2009. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125357990638429655.html.
- ^ Shuchman, Lisa. "Nissan Will Sell Building in Tokyo To Mori Group for $107.8 Million." The Wall Street Journal. Friday September 25, 1998. Retrieved on March 8, 2010.
- ^ "Nissan – Corporate Information". Nissan.in. http://www.nissan.in/en/web/header/header_4385.htm. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- ^ "Nissan launches 2 new cars in India- Automobiles-Auto-News By Industry-News-The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. September 16, 2009. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5019205.cms. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- ^ "Nissan’s Second Guangzhou Factory Breaks Ground". ChinaAutoWeb.com. http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/05/nissans-second-guangzhou-factory-breaks-ground/. Retrieved May 21, 2010.
- ^ "Alliance with Renault". Nissan Global. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231145440/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/COMPANY/ALLIANCE/index.html. (archived 2007)
- ^ 平成16年春の褒章受章者名簿 METI (Japanese)
- ^ a b "Daimler, Nissan and Renault announce three-way tie-up". BBC News. April 7, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8606593.stm. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ "Case CV-99-12980-DDP United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit" (PDF). http://www.citizen.org/documents/CourtofAppealsRulingNissanMotorvNissanComputer.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ "Nissan.com Final Judgement" (PDF). http://www.namemon.com/images/stories/nissan-motor-vs-nissan-computer.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ "USPTO Trademark Application". Tess2.uspto.gov. http://tess2.uspto.gov/bin/showfield?f=doc&state=4001:cn71k5.2.19. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ "AUDIO: Nissan boss' message to workers". Sunderland Echo. http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/Nissan-boss-39We-will-come.4860066.jp. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
- ^ "Nissan recalls 540,000 vehicles to fix brake pedals, petrol gauges". March 3, 2010. http://gulfnews.com/business/general/nissan-recalls-540-000-vehicles-to-fix-brake-pedals-gas-gauges-1.591330. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
- ^ Smith, Aaron (October 28, 2010). "Nissan recalling 747,000 vehicles in U.S". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2010/10/28/autos/nissan_recall/index.htm?hpt=T2.
- ^ "Safety Agency Probes Jeep, Nissan, Saturn Models", Jonathan Welsh. Wall Street Journal. May 29, 2011. Accessed June 15, 2011
- ^ "Nissan to build new car in Washington". BBC News Online. March 6, 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-17266087. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ Vlasic, Bill (May 13, 2008). "Nissan Plans Electric Car in U.S. by '10". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/13/business/13auto.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&adxnnlx=1210997590-LUW7IgiiqGvDBB1BTBiESg. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
- ^ Kanellos, Michael (2007-10-03). "Nissan bets on electric cars, not biofuels | Tech news blog – CNET". News.com. http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9790232-7.html. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ "Nissan to build electric vehicles at Oppama Plant". Nissan. May 12, 2009. http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2009/_STORY/090512-02-e.html.
- ^ Liane Yvkoff, CNET. "Nissan constructing solar charging station for Leafs." May 26, 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2011.
- ^ Nissan's electric cars will be 'mass market'
- ^ "Report: Nissan On Track with Nickel Manganese Cobalt Li-ion Cell for Deployment in 2015". Green Car Congress. http://www.greencarcongress.com/2009/11/nissan-nmc-20091129.html. Retrieved December 4, 2009.
- ^ Lewis, Helen. "New Statesman – Nissan to build compact electric car in UK". Newstatesman.com. http://www.newstatesman.com/automotive/2010/03/electric-car-nissan-plant. Retrieved 2012-01-22.
- ^ "Nissan Facilities Overseas". http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/COMPANY/PROFILE/EN_ESTABLISHMENT/index.html. Retrieved July 1, 2008.
- ^ Nissan Decides to Establish New Company Based on its Kyushu Plant. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
- ^ NISSAN SHATAI : Company History(1990–2009). Retrieved April 16, 2010.
- Cusumano, Michael A. (1985). The Japanese Automobile Industry. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-47255-1.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nissan |
- Nissan Global website
- Nissan India website
- Nissan USA website
- Nissan Canada
- Nissan Australia website
- Nissan Commercial Vehicles – North America
- Nissan All-Electric Car – Nissan Leaf
- Nissan Concept – Nissan Hi-Cross
- Nissan Vietnam website
| Nissan road car timeline, United States and Canadian markets, 1980s–present | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Subcompact | Micra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 210 | Sentra | Sentra | Sentra | Sentra | Versa | Versa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact | 310 | Sentra | Sentra | Sentra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 510 | Stanza | Stanza | Stanza | Altima | Altima | Leaf | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 810 | Maxima | Maxima | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size | Altima | Altima | Altima | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maxima | Maxima | Maxima | Maxima | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size | Maxima | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sport compact | Pulsar NX | Pulsar NX | NX | 200SX | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 200SX | 200SX | 240SX | 240SX | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sports | 280ZX | 300ZX | 300ZX | 350Z | 370Z | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GT-R (R35) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nissan light truck timeline, North American market, 1980s–present | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Model year | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Mini crossover | Juke | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact crossover | Rogue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size crossover | Murano | Murano | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact SUV | Xterra | Xterra | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| X-Trail | X-Trail | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size SUV | Pathfinder | Pathfinder | Pathfinder | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size SUV | Armada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mini MPV | Cube | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact MPV | Stanza Wagon/Multi | Axxess | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Minivan | Vanette | Quest | Quest | Quest | Quest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Van | NV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pickup | Datsun Truck | Hardbody Truck | Frontier | Frontier | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Titan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nissan car timeline, European market, 1980s–present | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | |
| Supermini | Micra K10 | Micra K11 | Micra K12 | Micra K13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Small family car | Cherry N10 | Cherry N12 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sunny B310 | Sunny B11 | Sunny N13 | Sunny N14 | Almera N15 | Almera N16 | Tiida C11 | Versa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large family car | Stanza T11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bluebird 910 | Bluebird U11 | Bluebird T12/T72 | Primera P10 | Primera P11 | Primera P12 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Executive car | Laurel C31 | Laurel C32 | Maxima J30 | Maxima QX A32 | Maxima QX A33 | Teana J31 | Teana J32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coupé | Silvia S110 | Silvia S12 | 200SX S13 | 200SX S14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sports car | 280ZX | 300ZX Z31 | 300ZX Z32 | 350Z Z33 | 370Z | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mini MPV | Note | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact MPV | Prairie M10 | Prairie M11 | Almera Tino | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Large MPV | Serena C23 | Serena C24 | Serena C25 | Serena C26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mini SUV | Juke | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crossover SUV | Qashqai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Qashqai+2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| X-Trail T30 | X-Trail T31 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Murano Z50 | Murano Z51 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Terrano WD21 | Pathfinder R50 | Pathfinder R51 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Off-roader | Terrano II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Patrol 160 | Patrol Y60 | Patrol Y61 | Patrol Y62 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Infiniti, a division of Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., road car timeline, 1990–present | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Coupe | M30 | G35C | G37C | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Entry-level | G20 | G20 | G35 | G25/G35/G37 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size | I30 | I30 / I35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| J30 | M45 | M35 / M45 | M37 / M56 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size | Q45 | Q45 | Q45 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Compact SUV | EX35 / EX37 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mid-size SUV | FX35 / FX45 | FX35 / FX50 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| JX35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Full-size SUV | QX4 | QX56 | QX56 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
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