A water crane or standpipe is a device used for delivering a large volume of water into the tank or tender of a steam locomotive. The device is sometimes also called as water column in the United States As a steam locomotive consumes large quantities of water, water cranes were a vital part of railway station equipment, often situated at the end of a platform, so that water could be refilled during a stop at the station.

Generally, water cranes consist of an upright steel pipe about 8 to 12 inches (0.20 to 0.30 m) in diameter with a horizontal, pivoting pipe connected to its upper end so as to form a swinging arm. The swinging arm is usually designed to rest parallel to the rails when not in use. Water cranes may be able to deliver up to ten cubic metres (2,600 US gallons) of water per minute.

In hilly country, natural streams can be dammed and water fed by gravity to the water crane. In flatter country this arrangement is not always possible, so water may be supplied by a tank next to the crane. Water tanks may vary in volume from 190 kilolitres (50,000 US gal) to greater than 757 kilolitres (200,000 US gal). In some cases a well may be used to supply the water to the tank.