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![Nimo - Gungar fram (feat. Näääk & Kaliffa) [Officiell video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/oKjZKGrQacE/default.jpg "Första singel från Nimo's kommande album.")
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Antarctic
The Antarctic (
/ænˈtɑrktɪk/ or /ænˈtɑrtɪk/) is a polar region, specifically the region around the Earth's South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises the continent of Antarctica and the ice shelves, waters, and island territories in the Southern Ocean situated south of the Antarctic Convergence. The region covers some 20% of the Southern Hemisphere, of which 5.5% (14 million km2) is the surface area of the continent itself.
The maritime part of the region constitutes the area of application of the international Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR), where for technical reasons the Convention uses an approximation of the Convergence line by means of a line joining specified points along parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude. The implementation of the Convention is managed through an international Commission headquartered in Hobart, Australia by an efficient system of annual fishing quotas, licenses and international inspectors on the fishing vessels, as well as satellite surveillance.
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Antarctica
Antarctica
This map uses an orthographic projection, near-polar aspect. The South Pole is near the center, where longitudinal lines converge.
Antarctica (
i/æntˈɑrtɨkə/ or /ænˈtɑːktɨkə/) is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14.0 million km2 (5.4 million sq mi), it is the fifth-largest continent in area after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages at least 1 mile (1.6 km) in thickness.
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 inches) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89 °C (−129 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Only cold-adapted organisms survive there, including many types of algae, animals (for example mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades), bacteria, fungi, plants, and protista. Vegetation where it occurs is tundra.
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Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it as one of the mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.
Almost completely surrounded by Eurasia and North America, the Arctic Ocean is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year (and almost completely in winter). The Arctic Ocean's temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy freshwater inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities. The summer shrinking of the ice has been quoted at 50%. The US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) uses satellite data to provide a daily record of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past years.
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Bay of Whales
The Bay of Whales is a natural ice harbor, or iceport, indenting the front of Ross Ice Shelf just north of Roosevelt Island, Antarctica. It is the southernmost point of open ocean not only of the Ross Sea, but worldwide. The Ross Sea extends much further south—as far as the Gould Coast, some 200 miles (320 km) from the South Pole—but most of that area is covered by the Ross Ice Shelf rather than open sea.
Ernest Shackleton named the feature on January 24 1908, during the Nimrod Expedition, because of the large number of whales seen near this location.
During his quest for the South Pole, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen established a temporary base, which he named Framheim, at the Bay of Whales. The base was used between January 1911 – February 1912.
The Bay of Whales has also served as a logistical support base for several other important Antarctic expeditions, including:
The configuration of the Bay of Whales is continuously changing. A survey by the second Byrd expedition in 1934 determined that the feature lay at the junction of two separate ice systems, the movements of which are influenced by the presence of Roosevelt Island. Commander Glen Jacobsen, USN, who visited aboard the USS Atka in January 1955, found that calving of the ice shelf rendered the iceport temporarily unusable.
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Brusilov Expedition
The Brusilov Expedition (Russian: Экспедиция Брусилова, Ekspeditsiya Brusilova) was a Russian maritime expedition to the Arctic led by Captain Georgy Brusilov, which set out in 1912 to explore and map a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific via a northeast passage known as the Northern Sea Route. The expedition was ill-planned and ill-executed by Brusilov, and disappeared without trace. Earlier searches were unsuccessful, and its fate was not known until 2010.
The expedition set out from Alexandrovsk on August 28, 1912, so late in the summer that in October the Saint Anna became locked in the polar ice of the Kara Sea off the Yamal Peninsula. Supplies were abundant, and officers and crew prepared themselves for wintering over, hoping to be freed in the following year's thaw.
However, during 1913 the sea remained completely frozen. By early 1914 the Svyataya Anna had drifted far north in lazy zigzags with the Arctic ice. In the summer that year she reached 83° of latitude, NW of Franz Josef Land, and had no chance to be freed in 1914 either. To make matters worse, captain and crew had succumbed to scurvy. Navigator and second-in-command Valerian Albanov, believing that their position was hopeless, requested permission from Captain Brusilov to be relieved from his duties as second-in-command in order to leave the ship and attempt to return to civilization on foot. Albanov hoped to reach Eva Island in Hvidtenland, the northeastermost island of Franz Josef Land. He used Fridtjof Nansen's inaccurate map, full of dotted lines where the archipelago was still unexplored. After a gruesome ordeal, Albanov and Alexander Konrad, one of the crewmen of the Svyataya Anna, finally made it back to Russia. They were the only two survivors. One of the members of the expedition was the second Russian woman to go to the Arctic, Yerminia Zhdanko, a 22-year-old nurse and daughter of a general who was a hero in the Russo-Japanese War.
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Discovery Hut
Discovery Hut was built by Robert Falcon Scott during the Discovery Expedition of 1901–1904 in 1902 and is located at Hut Point on Ross Island by McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Visitors to Antarctica, arriving at either the US Base at McMurdo or New Zealand's Scott Base are likely to encounter Discovery Hut as all three are located on Hut Point. Discovery Hut is just 300m from McMurdo Base.
Some confusion arises because Discovery Hut can correctly be referred to as Scott's Hut, in that his expedition built it, and it was his base 'ashore' during the 1901–1904 expedition. But the title 'Scott's Hut' correctly belongs to the building erected in 1911 at Cape Evans.
Discovery Hut was designed by Professor Gregory, (appointed as leader of the scientific staff, he resigned before the Discovery headed south) and prefabricated by James Moore of Sydney (cost: £360.14.5d) before being brought south by ship. It is essentially square, with verandas on three sides. The pyramidal roof is supported by a central post. Insulation was provided by felt placed between the inner and outer wood plank walls. This was found to be insufficient, and the hut was difficult to keep warm.
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Edith Ronne
Edith "Jackie" Ronne (born October 13, 1919 - June 14, 2009) was an American explorer of Antarctica and the first woman in the world to be a working member of an Antarctic expedition. She is also the namesake of the Ronne Ice Shelf.
She was born October 13, 1919, in Baltimore, Maryland and received a degree in history from George Washington University. She married Finn Ronne on March 18, 1941, and on the expedition of 1946–1948 that her husband commanded, she became the first American woman to set foot on the Antarctic continent. She and Jennie Darlington, the wife of the expedition's chief pilot, became the first women to overwinter in Antarctica. They spent 15 months together with 21 other members of the expedition in a small station they had set up on Stonington Island in Marguerite Bay.
As the expedition's recorder & historian, Ronne wrote the news releases for the North American Newspaper Alliance. She also kept a daily history of the expedition's accomplishments, which formed the basis for her husband's book, Antarctic Conquest, published by Putnam in 1949, as well as making routine tidal and seismographic observations.
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Fram
Fram ("Forward") is a ship that was used in expeditions of the Arctic and Antarctic regions by the Norwegian explorers Fridtjof Nansen, Otto Sverdrup, Oscar Wisting, and Roald Amundsen between 1893 and 1912. It was designed and built by the Norwegian shipwright Colin Archer for Fridtjof Nansen's 1893 Arctic expedition in which Fram was supposed to freeze into the Arctic ice sheet and float with it over the North Pole.
Fram is said to have sailed farther north (85°57'N) and farther south (78°41'S) than any other wooden ship. Fram is preserved at the Fram Museum in Oslo, Norway.
Nansen's ambition was to explore the Arctic farther north than anyone else. To do that, he would have to deal with a problem that many sailing on the polar ocean had encountered before him: the freezing ice could crush a ship. Nansen's idea was to build a ship that could survive the pressure, not by pure strength, but because it would be of a shape designed to let the ice push the ship up, so it would "float" on top of the ice.
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Fram Museum
The Fram Museum (Norwegian: Frammuseet) is a museum telling the story of Norwegian polar exploration. It is located on the peninsula of Bygdøy in Oslo, Norway.
Fram Museum is situated in an area with several other museums, including the Kon-Tiki Museum; the Norwegian Museum of Cultural History; the Viking Ship Museum; and the Norwegian Maritime Museum. Bygdøy Royal Estate, the official summer residence of the King of Norway and historic Oscarshall are also located nearby.
The Fram Museum was inaugurated on 20 May 1936. It honours Norwegian polar exploration in general and three great Norwegian polar explorers in particular—Fridtjof Nansen, Otto Sverdrup and Roald Amundsen. The museum also exhibits images of the fauna of the polar regions, such as polar bears and penguins.
The Fram Museum is centered principally on the original exploration vessel Fram. The original interior of Fram is intact and visitors can go inside the ship to view it. Fram was commissioned, designed, and built by Scots-Norwegian shipbuilder Colin Archer to specifications provided by Norwegian Arctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen, who financed the building of the ship with a combination of grant monies provided by the Norwegian government and private funding in 1891.
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Fram Strait
The Fram Strait is a passage from the Arctic Ocean to the Greenland Sea and Norwegian Sea, between Greenland and Spitsbergen. It is named after the Norwegian ship Fram. The Fram Strait is the major connection between the Arctic Ocean and the world ocean.
The Fram strait plays a central role in whether the north ice cap will survive future summers. Most of the ice pack appears over the winter, freezing up to 1 m deep, but then melts back to open water by August. The area covered by multi-year ice, however, is thought to have remained relatively stable, an equilibrium between creation (first-year ice that persists into its second winter, becoming multi-year ice) and destruction (flow of sea ice through the Fram Strait and southward along the eastern coast of Greenland). Approximately 90% of sea ice exported from the Arctic is transported by the Eastern Greenland Current, joining the current as it passes through the Fram Strait.
The amount of sea ice passing through the Fram Strait varies from year to year, as seen in this animation.
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Framheim
Framheim was the name of explorer Roald Amundsen's base at the Bay of Whales on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica during his quest for the South Pole. It was used between January 1911 and February 1912.
The hut was constructed in sections by a master carpenter, Jørgen Stubberud and erected at Amundsen's home in Norway, then dismantled for shipment to Antarctica on the Fram. The term literally means "home of the Fram". During its construction in Norway, Amundsen maintained that the hut was for "observation", which would fit in nicely with his supposed intent to head to the North Pole. To the more than casual student of exploration, it was obvious that the hut was intended as living quarters. Amundsen was, in fact, headed to the South Pole.
The cabin was an early example of a pre-fabricated structure, and employed a custom dining table which could retract to the ceiling for cleaning beneath. It measured five by four meters, and the walls were made up of four layers of three inch wooden boards with cardboard between for insulation.
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Frederick Cook
Frederick Albert Cook (June 10, 1865 – August 5, 1940) was an American explorer and physician, noted for his claim of having reached the North Pole on April 21, 1908. This would have been a year before April 6, 1909, the date claimed by Robert Peary.
Cook was born in Brooklyn, in Sullivan County, New York. His parents were Dr. Theodore A. Koch and Magdalena Long, recent German immigrants to the United States.
Cook attended Columbia University, receiving his M.D. in 1890. In 1889 he married Libby Forbes, who died in 1890. On his 37th birthday he married Marie Fidele Hunt; they had one daughter, Helene. In 1923 they were divorced, possibly for financial reasons related to an upcoming fraud trial.
Cook was the surgeon on Robert Peary's 1891–1892 Arctic expedition, and on the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899 led by Adrien de Gerlache. He contributed greatly to saving the lives of the crew when their ship (the Belgica) was ice-bound during the winter. A fellow crew-member was Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, with whom he established a friendship and life-long relationship of mutual respect. In 1898, during this expedition, Cook visited Tierra del Fuego, where he met Thomas Bridges shortly before his death. As a result of that meeting, Cook brought back the manuscript of Bridges' Yamana dictionary, and several years later acquiesced in the attempted publication of the dictionary as his own work.
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Gjøa
Gjøa was the first vessel to transit the Northwest Passage. With a crew of six, Roald Amundsen traversed the passage in a three year journey, finishing in 1906.
The 70 by 20 ft (21 by 6.1 m) square-sterned sloop of 45 net register tonnage (4,500 cu ft, 130 m3) was built by Kurt Johannesson Skaale in Rosendal, Norway in 1872, the same year Amundsen was born. She was named Gjøa after her then owner's wife. (Gjøa is a modern form of the Norse name Gyða - this again is a compressed form of Guðfríðr, a compound of guð 'god' and fríðr 'beautiful'.) For the next 28 years the vessel served as a herring fishing boat.
In 1900, Amundsen bought her from Asbjørn Sexe of Ullensvang, Norway, for his forthcoming expedition to the Arctic Ocean. Gjøa was much smaller than vessels used by other Arctic expeditions, but Amundsen intended to live off the limited resources of the land and sea through which he was to travel, and reasoned that the land could sustain only a tiny crew (this had been the cause of the catastrophic failure of John Franklin's expedition fifty years previously). Her shallow draught would help her traverse the shoals of the Arctic straits. Perhaps most importantly, the aging ship was all that Amundsen (who was financing his expedition largely by spending his inheritance) could afford.[citation needed]
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Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallisut: Kalaallit Nunaat, "Land of the Kalaallit";Danish: Grønland) is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and later Denmark) for more than a millennium. Greenland is, by area, the world's largest island. With a population of 56,615 (January 2011 estimate) it is the least densely populated dependency or country in the world.
Greenland has been inhabited, though not continuously, by Arctic peoples via Canada for 4500–5000 years. In the 10th century, Norsemen settled on the uninhabited southern part of Greenland. In the 13th century, the Inuit arrived, and in the late 15th century the Norse colonies were abandoned. In the early 18th century, contact between Scandinavia and Greenland was re-established and Denmark established rule over Greenland.
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Greenland Sea
The Greenland Sea is a body of water that borders Greenland to the west, the Svalbard archipelago to the east, Fram Strait and the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Norwegian Sea and Iceland to the south. The Greenland Sea is often defined as part of the Arctic Ocean, sometimes as part of the Atlantic Ocean. However, definitions of the Arctic Ocean and its seas tend to be imprecise or arbitrary. In general usage the term "Arctic Ocean" would exclude the Greenland Sea. In oceanographic studies the Greenland Sea is considered part of the Nordic Seas, along with the Norwegian Sea and Iceland Sea. The Nordic Seas are the main connection between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans and, as such, could be of great significance in a possible shutdown of thermohaline circulation. In oceanography the Arctic Ocean and Nordic Seas are often referred to collectively as the "Arctic Mediterranean Sea", a marginal sea of the Atlantic.
The sea has Arctic climate with regular northern winds and temperatures rarely rising above 0 °C. It previously contained the Odden ice tongue (or Odden) area, which extended eastward from the main East Greenland ice edge in the vicinity of 72–74°N during the winter and acted as a key winter ice formation area in the Arctic. The West Ice forms in winter in the Greenland Sea, north of Iceland, between Greenland and Jan Mayen island. It is a major breeding ground of harp seal and hooded seal that has been used for seal hunting for more than 200 years.
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Iceland
Iceland
i/ˈaɪslənd/ (Icelandic: Ísland, IPA: [ˈislant]) is a Nordic European island country in the North Atlantic Ocean, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The country has a population of about 320,000 and a total area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Reykjavík, with the surrounding areas in the southwestern region of the country being home to two-thirds of the country's population. Iceland is volcanically and geologically active. The interior mainly consists of a plateau characterised by sand fields, mountains and glaciers, while many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle.
According to Landnámabók, the settlement of Iceland began in AD 874 when the chieftain Ingólfur Arnarson became the first permanent Norse settler on the island. Others had visited the island earlier and stayed over winter. Over the following centuries, Norsemen settled Iceland, bringing with them thralls (slaves) of Gaelic origin. From 1262 to 1918 Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later the Danish monarchies. Until the 20th century, the Icelandic population relied largely on fisheries and agriculture, and the country was one of the poorest and least developed in the world. Industrialisation of the fisheries and aid from the Marshall Plan brought prosperity in the years after World War II, and by the 1990s it was one of the world's wealthiest countries. In 1994, Iceland became party to the European Economic Area, which made it possible for the economy to diversify into economic and financial services.
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Larvik
Larvik (help·info) is a town and municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Larvik. The municipality of Larvik has about 41,364 inhabitants and covers 530 km².
The city of Larvik was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt). The city of Stavern and the rural municipalities of Brunlanes, Hedrum, and Tjølling were merged into the municipality of Larvik on 1 January 1988.
Larvik has a daily ferry connection to Hirtshals, Denmark.
The Norse form of the name must have been Lagarvík. The first element is the genitive case of lǫgr m 'water; river' (now called Numedalslågen river), the last element is vík f 'cove, wick'. The meaning is "the cove at the mouth of (Numedals)lågen". Prior to 1889, the name was written "Laurvik" or "Laurvig".
The coat-of-arms is from modern times. They were granted in 1989. The arms are blue with a silver-colored mast with three sails to represent the maritime traditions of the municipality.
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Mangazeya
Coordinates: 66°41′38″N 82°15′17″E / 66.6938292°N 82.2546387°E / 66.6938292; 82.2546387
Mangazeya was a Northwest Siberian trans-Ural trade colony and later city in the 16-17th centuries. Founded in 1600, it was situated on the Taz River, between the lower courses of the Ob and Yenisei Rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean.
Russian settlers of the White Sea coasts of Russia (pomors) founded a route along the Arctic coast to Arkhangelsk to trade with Norwegian, English and Dutch merchants. Mangazeya accumulated furs and ivory (walrus tusks) around the year to be shipped out during the short Northern summer. Trade also occurred along the Siberian River Routes' Northern Route.
The Northern Sea Route was forbidden in 1619 under the penalty of death, for two reasons: the state was unable to collect on it, and there was a fear of English trading penetration into Siberia. The city strived to exist for some 50 years more, but eventually Mangazeya was abandoned. Following the catastrophic fire of 1662, the remaining population was evacuated to Turukhansk at the junction of the Yenisei with the Lower Tunguska, which was known as New Mangazeya until the 1780s.
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McMurdo Station
McMurdo Station is a U.S. Antarctic research center located on the southern tip of Ross Island, which is in the New Zealand-claimed Ross Dependency on the shore of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. It is operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program, a branch of the National Science Foundation. The station is the largest community in Antarctica, capable of supporting up to 1,258 residents, and serves as the United States Antarctic science facility. All personnel and cargo going to or coming from Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station first passes through McMurdo.
The station owes its designation to nearby McMurdo Sound, named after Lieutenant Archibald McMurdo of H.M.S. Terror, which first charted the area in 1841 under the command of British explorer James Clark Ross. British explorer Robert Falcon Scott first established a base close to this spot in 1902 and built Discovery Hut, still standing adjacent to the harbour at Hut Point. The volcanic rock of the site is the southernmost bare ground accessible by ship in the Antarctic. The United States officially opened its first station at McMurdo on Feb. 16, 1956. Founders initially called the station Naval Air Facility McMurdo. On Nov. 28, 1957, Admiral George J. Dufek was present with a U.S. congressional delegation during a change of command ceremony.
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Mirny Station
Mirny (Russian: Мирный, literally Peaceful) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) science station in Antarctica, located on the Antarctic coast of the Davis Sea in the Australian Antarctic Territory. Named after support vessel Mirny captained by Mikhail Lazarev during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition (led by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen on Vostok).
The station was opened on February 13, 1956 by the 1st Soviet Antarctic Expedition. It was originally used as main base for the Vostok Station located 1,400 km from the coast, this function is now served by Progress Station. In summer, it hosts up to 169 people in 30 buildings, in winter about 60 scientists and technicians. The average temperature at the location is –11°C, and on more than 200 days per year the wind is stronger than 15 m/s, with occasional cyclones.
Main areas of research are glaciology, seismology, meteorology, observation of polar lights, cosmic radiation, and marine biology.
Coordinates: 66°33′9.66″S 93°0′34.05″E / 66.5526833°S 93.0094583°E / -66.5526833; 93.0094583
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New Swabia
New Swabia (German: Neuschwabenland) is a cartographic name sometimes given to an area of Antarctica between 20°E and 10°W in Queen Maud Land, which within Norway is administered as a Norwegian dependent territory under the Antarctic Treaty System. New Swabia was explored by Germany in early 1939 and named after that expedition's ship, the Schwabenland, itself named after the German region of Swabia.
Like many other countries, Germany sent expeditions to the Antarctic region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most of which were scientific. The late 19th century expeditions to the Southern Ocean, South Georgia, the Kerguelen Islands, and the Crozet Islands were astronomical, meteorological, and hydrological, mostly in close collaboration with scientific teams from other countries. As the 19th century ended Germany began to focus on Antarctica.
The first German expedition to Antarctica was the Gauss expedition from 1901 to 1903. Led by Arctic veteran and geology professor Erich von Drygalski, this was the first expedition to use a hot-air balloon in Antarctica. It also found and named Kaiser Wilhelm II Land. The second German Antarctic expedition (1911–1912) was led by Wilhelm Filchner with a goal of crossing Antarctica to learn if it was one piece of land. As happened with other such early attempts, the crossing failed before it even began. The expedition discovered and named the Luitpold Coast and the Filchner Ice Shelf. A German whaling fleet was put to sea in 1937 and, upon its successful return in early 1938, plans for a third German Antarctic expedition were drawn up.
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North Pole
Coordinates: 90°N 0°W / 90°N 0°W / 90; -0
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is, subject to the caveats explained below, defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. It should not be confused with the North Magnetic Pole.
The North Pole is the northernmost point on Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value.
While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole (unlike the South Pole). However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, have constructed a number of manned drifting stations on a generally annual basis since 1937, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole. In recent years, a number of studies have predicted that the North Pole may become seasonally ice-free due to Arctic shrinkage, with timescales varying from next year to fifty years or more.
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Northern Canada
Northern Canada, colloquially the North, is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics. Politically, the term refers to the three territories of Canada: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Similarly, the Far North (when contrasted to the North) may refer to the Canadian Arctic: the portion of Canada north of the Arctic Circle.
These reckonings somewhat depend on the concept of nordicity, a measure of northernness that other Arctic territories share. Canada, a country in northern North America whose population is concentrated along its southern frontier with the United States, is frequently reckoned to not have a 'south.' As such, the 'South' is only perceived as a region when it is contrasted to or viewed from those in the North.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Norwegian Sea
The Norwegian Sea (Norwegian: Norskehavet) is a marginal sea in the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of Norway. It is located between the North Sea (i.e. north of Scotland) and the Greenland Sea and adjoins the North Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Barents Sea to the northeast. In the southwest, it is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a submarine ridge running between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. To the North, the Jan Mayen Ridge separates it from the Greenland Sea.
Unlike many other seas, most of the bottom of the Norwegian Sea is not part of a continental shelf and therefore lies at a great depth of about two kilometres on average. Rich deposits of oil and natural gas are found under the sea bottom and are being explored commercially, in the areas with sea depths of up to about one kilometre. The coastal zones are rich in fish that visit the Norwegian Sea from the North Atlantic for spawning. The warm North Atlantic Current ensures relatively stable and high water temperatures, so that unlike the Arctic seas, the Norwegian Sea is ice-free throughout the year.
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Operation Tabarin
Operation Tabarin was a World War II military undertaking by the Admiralty and the Colonial Office in 1943 to establish a permanent British presence in Antarctic.
There have been several reasons cited for Tabarin. Prior to the start of the war, German aircraft had dropped markers with swastikas across Queen Maud Land in an attempt to create a territorial claim, see New Swabia. In 1943, British personnel from HMS Carnarvon Castle removed Argentine flags from Deception Island. There were also concerns within the Foreign Office about the direction of United States' post-war activity in the region. So the chief reason was to establish solid British claims to various uninhabited islands and parts of Antarctica, reinforced by Argentine sympathies toward Germany.
A suitable cover story was the need to deny use of the area to the enemy. The Kriegsmarine was known to use remote islands as rendezvous points and as shelters for commerce raiders, U-boats and supply ships. Also, in 1941, there existed a fear that Japan might attempt to seize the Falkland Islands, either as a base or to hand them over to Argentina, thus gaining political advantage for the Axis and denying their use to Britain. Deception Island, in the British South Shetland Islands, possessed a sheltered anchorage with an old Norwegian whaling station. In 1941, the British (aboard HMS Queen of Bermuda) had taken the precaution of destroying coal dumps and oil tanks there, to prevent their possible use by the Germans.
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Orcadas Base
Coordinates: 60°44′25″S 44°44′33″W / 60.74028°S 44.7425°W / -60.74028; -44.7425
Base Orcadas is an Argentine station in Antarctica, and the first permanent Antarctic station in the area defined by the Antarctic Treaty System. It is located on Laurie Island, one of the South Orkney Islands (Spanish: Islas Orcadas del Sur), at 4 meters (13.1 ft) above sea level and 170 meters (558 ft) from the coastline.
The nearest port is the Argentine city of Ushuaia, which is 1,502 km (933 mi) away. The base has 11 buildings and four main topics of research: continental glaciology, seismology, sea-ice-zone glaciology (since 1985) and meteorological observations (since 1903).
In 1903 Dr William S. Bruce's Scottish National Antarctic Expedition established Omond House, a meteorological station on Laurie Island. During the expedition, however, the crew became stuck in the ice and, unable to sail off, were trapped in the station for the winter.
Bruce left the station in December of that year for Buenos Aires to fix the ship, leaving a few men to continue keeping observations.
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Oslo
Oslo (English pronunciation: /ˈɒzloʊ/, OZ-loh,Norwegian pronunciation: [²ʊʃlʊ] (
listen) or [²ʊslʊ]) is the capital of and most populous city in Norway. Founded around 1048 by King Harald III, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Castle during the reign of King Christian IV and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, when its original Norwegian name was restored.
Oslo is the economic and governmental centre of Norway. The city is also a hub of Norwegian trade, banking, industry and shipping. It is an important centre for maritime industries and maritime trade in Europe. The city is home to many companies within the maritime sector, some of which are amongst the world's largest shipping companies, shipbrokers and maritime insurance brokers. Oslo is a pilot city of the Council of Europe and the European Commission intercultural cities programme.
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RRS Discovery
The RRS Discovery was the last traditional wooden three-masted ship to be built in Britain. Designed for Antarctic research, she was launched in 1901. Her first mission was the British National Antarctic Expedition, carrying Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton on their first, successful journey to the Antarctic, known as the Discovery Expedition. She is now the centrepiece of visitor attraction in her home, Dundee.
On 16 March 1900, in the context of significant donations to the approaching expedition by patrons Llewellyn W. Longstaff and the British Government, construction on the Discovery began in Dundee, Scotland, by the Dundee Shipbuilders Company. She was launched into the Firth of Tay on 21 March 1901 by Lady Markham, the wife of Sir Clements Markham, President of the Royal Geographical Society.
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Siberia
Coordinates: 60°0′N 105°0′E / 60°N 105°E / 60; 105
Siberia (/saɪˈbɪəriə/; Russian: Сиби́рь, tr. Sibir'; IPA: [sʲɪˈbʲirʲ] ( listen)) is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union (USSR) from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th to 19th centuries.
Encompassing much of the Eurasian Steppe, the territory of Siberia extends eastward from the Ural Mountains to the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic drainage basins, and southward from the Arctic Ocean to the hills of north-central Kazakhstan and the national borders of Mongolia and China. Siberia makes up about 77% of Russia's territory (13.1 million square kilometres), but has only 28% (40 million people) of Russia's population.
Some sources say that the word Siberia originates from the Turkic for "sleeping land". Another version is that this name was the ancient tribal name of the Sabirs, Turkic nomads later assimilated to Siberian Tatars. The modern usage of the name appeared in the Russian language after the conquest of the Siberian Khanate.
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South Pole
Coordinates: 90°S 0°W / 90°S 0°W / -90; -0
The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole. Situated on the continent of Antarctica, it is the site of the United States Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year. The Geographic South Pole should not be confused with the South Magnetic Pole, which though geographically nearby, is defined based on the Earth's magnetic field.
For most purposes, the Geographic South Pole is defined as the southern point of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface (the other being the Geographic North Pole). However, the Earth's axis of rotation is actually subject to very small 'wobbles', so this definition is not adequate for very precise work; see Polar Motion for further information.
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Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean (also known as the Great Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean, and the South Polar Ocean) comprises the southernmost waters of the World Ocean, generally taken to be south of 60°S latitude and encircling Antarctica. It is usually regarded as the fourth-largest of the five principal oceanic divisions. This ocean zone is where cold, northward flowing waters from the Antarctic mix with warmer subantarctic waters.
Geographers disagree on the Southern Ocean's northern boundary or even its existence, with many considering the waters part of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans instead. Others regard the Antarctic Convergence, an ocean zone which fluctuates seasonally, as separating the Southern Ocean from other oceans, rather than the 60th parallel.Australian authorities regard the Southern Ocean as lying immediately south of Australia.
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has not yet ratified its 2000 definition of the ocean as being south of 60°S. Its latest published definition of oceans dates from 1953; this does not include the Southern Ocean. However, the more recent definition is used by the IHO and others.
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Svalbard
Svalbard (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈsʋɑlbɑɖ]) is an archipelago in the Arctic, constituting the northernmost part of Norway. It is located north of mainland Europe, midway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. The group of islands range from 74° to 81° north latitude (inside the Arctic Circle), and from 10° to 35° east longitude. Spitsbergen is the largest island, followed by Nordaustlandet and Edgeøya. The administrative center is Longyearbyen, and other settlements include the Russian mining community of Barentsburg, the research community of Ny-Ålesund and the mining outpost of Sveagruva. The archipelago is administered by the Governor of Svalbard.
The islands were first used as a whaling base in the 17th and 18th centuries, after which they were abandoned. Coal mining started at the beginning of the 20th century, and several permanent communities were established. The Svalbard Treaty of 1920 recognizes Norwegian sovereignty, and the 1925 Svalbard Act made Svalbard a full part of the Kingdom of Norway. This act also established Svalbard as a free economic zone and a demilitarized zone. The Norwegian Store Norske and the Russian Arktikugol are the only mining companies remaining on the islands. Research and tourism have become important supplementary industries. Two major research facilities are the University Centre in Svalbard and the Svalbard Global Seed Vault. No roads connect the settlements; instead snowmobiles, aircraft and boats serve inter-community transport. Svalbard Airport, Longyear serves as the main gateway to the rest of Europe.
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Svyataya Anna
The ship Svyataya Anna (Russian: Святая Анна), named after Saint Anne, was the Philomel-class gunvessel HMS Newport launched in England in 1867. She was sold in 1881 and renamed Pandora II. She was purchased again in about 1890 and renamed Blencathra, taking part in expeditions to the north coast of Russia. She was bought in 1912 by Georgy Brusilov for use in his ill-fated 1912 Arctic expedition to explore the Northern Sea Route. The ship became firmly trapped in ice; only two members of the expedition, Valerian Albanov and Alexander Konrad, survived. The ship has never been found.
The Philomel-class gunvessels were an enlargement of the earlier Algerine-class gunboat of 1856. The first six of the class were ordered by the Admiralty from the naval dockyards between April 1857 and April 1859. Another twelve were ordered on 14 June 1859 to be constructed by contract in private yards, receiving their names on 24 September the same year; these were then fitted out at naval dockyards. The last eight of the class, of which Newport was the first, were ordered on 5 March 1860 for construction in naval dockyards, although six of them were later cancelled.
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Adolphus Greely
Adolphus Washington Greely (March 27, 1844 – October 20, 1935), was an American Polar explorer, a United States Army officer and a recipient of the Medal of Honor.
Greely was born March 27, 1844 in Newburyport, Massachusetts. He entered the United States Army at the age of 17, after having been rejected twice before. He had achieved the rank of brevet Major by the end of the Civil War. Greely joined the regular Army in 1866 as a Second Lieutenant of Infantry; in 1873, Greely was promoted to First Lieutenant.
In 1881, First Lieutenant Greely was given command of the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition on the ship Proteus. Promoted by Henry W. Howgate, its purpose was to establish one of a chain of meteorological-observation stations as part of the First International Polar Year. The expedition also was commissioned by the US government to collect astronomical and polar magnetic data, which was carried out by the astronomer Edward Israel, who was part of Greely's crew. Another goal of the expedition was to search for any clues of the USS Jeannette, lost north of Ellesmere Island.
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Adrien de Gerlache
Baron Adrien Victor Joseph de Gerlache de Gomery (2 August 1866 – 4 December 1934) was an officer in the Belgian Royal Navy who led the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897 to 1899.
Born in Hasselt, Belgium, de Gerlache was educated in Brussels. He studied Engineering at the Free University of Brussels (now split into the Université Libre de Bruxelles and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel), and spent his holidays as a cabin boy on board transatlantic ocean liners. After graduating in 1885, he joined the Belgian Navy on 19 January 1886.
After graduating from the nautical college of Ostend as first lieutenant, he was assigned to the Belgica, a hydrography ship. It was while serving there that he came up with his plan to explore Antarctica.
In 1896, de Gerlache purchased the Norwegian-built whaling ship Patria, which, following an extensive refit, he renamed as the Belgica. With a multinational crew, which included Roald Amundsen, Frederick Cook, Antoni Bolesław Dobrowolski, Henryk Arctowski and Emil Racoviţă, he set sail from Antwerp on 16 August 1897.
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Aeneas Mackintosh
Aeneas Lionel Acton Mackintosh (1 July 1879 – 8 May 1916) was a British Merchant Navy officer and Antarctic explorer, who commanded the Ross Sea party as part of Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914–17. The Ross Sea party's mission was to support Shackleton's proposed transcontinental march by laying supply depots along the latter stages of the march's intended route. In the face of persistent setbacks and practical difficulties, Mackintosh's party fulfilled its task, although Mackintosh and two others died in the course of their duties.
Mackintosh's first Antarctic experience was as second officer on Shackleton's Nimrod Expedition, 1907–09. Shortly after his arrival in the Antarctic a shipboard accident destroyed his right eye, and he was sent back to New Zealand. He returned in 1909 to participate in the later stages of the expedition; his will and determination in adversity impressed Shackleton, and led to his Ross Sea party appointment in 1914.
Mackintosh's operational orders were confused through communication failures, and he was uncertain of the timing of Shackleton's proposed march. His difficulties were compounded when the party's ship, SY Aurora, was swept from its winter moorings during a gale and was unable to return. Despite this loss of equipment, supplies and personnel, Mackintosh and his stranded shore party managed to carry out its depot-laying task to the full. Mackintosh himself barely survived the ordeal, owing his life to the actions of his comrades. He and one companion then attempted to cross the 13 nautical miles (24 km; 15 mi) of sea ice separating the party from its base, but the pair disappeared during a blizzard and are presumed to have fallen through the ice. Their bodies were never recovered.
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Aleksei Chirikov
Aleksei Ilyich Chirikov (Russian: Алексей Ильич Чириков) (1703 – November 1748) was a Russian navigator and captain who along with Bering was the first Russian to reach North-West coast of North America. He discovered and charted some of the Aleutian Islands while he was deputy to Vitus Bering during the Great Northern Expedition.
In 1721, Chirikov graduated from the Naval Academy. In 1725–1730 and 1733–1743, he was Vitus Bering's deputy during the First and the Second Kamchatka expeditions.
In May 1741 Chirikov in the St Paul and Vitus Bering in the St Peter left Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and headed east. Some time after 20 June they were separated by a storm and never saw each other again. On 15 July 1741 Chirikov saw land at Baker Island off Prince of Wales Island at the south end of the Alaska Panhandle. This is about 450 miles southeast of Bering's landfall near Mount St. Elias at the north end of the panhandle. Unable to find a harbor he sailed north along Baranov Island past the later Russian base at Sitka. He sent out a longboat to find an anchorage. When it did not return after a week he sent out his second longboat which also failed to return. Now without any small boats Chirikov had no way of searching for the two longboats or landing on the coast to explore or replenish his supply of fresh water. After waiting as long as possible, he abandoned the longboats to their fate and on 27 July sailed west. He sighted the Kenai Peninsula, Kodiak Island and Adak Island near the western end of the Aleutians. With water critically low he reached Petropavlovsk on 12 October 1741.
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Alexander Kolchak
Alexander Vasilyevich Kolchak (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Колча́к, 16 November [O.S. 4 November] 1874 – 7 February 1920) was a Russian naval commander, polar explorer and later - the Supreme ruler of the counter-revolutionary anti-communist White forces during the Russian Civil War. As Supreme ruler of Russia (1918–1920), he was recognized in this position by all the heads of the White movement, "De jure" - Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, "De facto" - Entente States. He was also a prominent expert on naval mines and a member of the Russian Geographical Society. Among Kolchak's awards are the St. George Gold Sword for Bravery given for his actions in the battle of Port Arthur and the Great Gold Constantine Medal from the Russian Geographic Society.
Kolchak was born in Saint Petersburg in 1874. His father was a retired major-general of the Marine Artillery, who was actively engaged in the siege of Sevastopol in 1854-55 and after his retirement worked as an engineer in ordnance works near St. Petersburg. Kolchak was educated for a naval career, graduating from the Naval Cadet Corps in 1894 and joining the 7th Naval Battalion of the city. He was soon transferred to the Far East, serving in Vladivostok from 1895 to 1899. He returned to western Russia and was based at Kronstadt, joining the Polar expedition of Eduard Toll on the ship Zarya in 1900 as a hydrologist.
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Alexander Konrad
Alexander Eduardovich Konrad (Russian: Алекса́ндр Эдуа́рдович Ко́нрад) (1890 in St. Petersburg - 1940 in Leningrad) was a Russian sailor. Along with Valerian Albanov, he was one of the only two survivors, and the only surviving sailor of the ill-fated Brusilov expedition.
There are no data about Alexander Konrad's birth and childhood.
Alexander Konrad was a member of the crew on the Svyataya Anna, the ship of Georgy Brusilov's 1912 Arctic expedition. The expedition was ill-planned by Captain Brusilov, and the Saint Anna became locked in the polar ice of the Kara Sea in October 1912. Supplies were abundant, so officers and crew prepared themselves for wintering, hoping to be freed in the following year's thaw.
However, during 1913 the sea remained completely frozen. By early 1914 the ship had drifted with the ice NW of Franz Josef Land and did not seem likely to be freed that year either. Albanov, believing that their position was hopeless, requested permission from Captain Brusilov to be relieved from his duties as second-in-command in order to leave the ship with some crewmen and attempt to return to civilization on foot.
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Alexander Kuchin
Alexander Stepanovich Kuchin (Russian: Александр Степанович Кучин) (1888 in Onega – 1913? in an unknown place in the Kara Sea) was a young Russian oceanographer and Arctic explorer.
Hailing from a humble background, Alexander Kuchin became a seaman in a Norwegian ship already when he was seventeen. The young man loved the Norwegian language, which he mastered in one year.
In 1907 Alexander Kuchin worked in Bergen, at a Norwegian Biological Station, becoming a student of oceanography expert Professor Bjorn Helland-Hansen. Meanwhile his enthusiasm for the Norwegian language was such that he wrote a “Small Russian-Norwegian dictionary” («Малый русско-норвежский словарь») in order to share his knowledge with his compatriots.
In 1910–1911 Alexander Kuchin was the only foreigner on Amundsen’s expedition to the South Pole on the Fram. He made numerous observations in the Southern Atlantic as an oceanographer and navigator. After his return to Norway, in December 1911, Alexander Kuchin married 18-year-old girl Aslaug Poulson, the daughter of a prominent Norwegian journalist.
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Alexey Tryoshnikov
Alexey Fyodorovich Tryoshnikov (Russian: Алексе́й Фёдорович Трёшников) (April 14, 1914 in the village of Pavlovka, now in Baryshsky District, Ulyanovsk Oblast – November 18, 1991 at Saint Petersburg) was a Soviet polar explorer and leader of the 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition and the 13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition.
He was involved in defending the Northern Sea Route during World War II and participated in the 1948 Soviet expedition to the North Pole. Between 1954 and 1955, he was the leader of the North Pole-3 ice station in the Arctic Ocean.
He was also the president of the Geographical Society of the USSR since 1977 and the director of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) of the Soviet Union from 1960 to 1981. In 1982 he was elected Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
A minor planet 3339 Treshnikov discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos in 1978 is named after him.
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Alfred Ritscher
Alfred Ritscher (23 May 1879 in Bad Lauterberg - 30 March 1963 in Hamburg) was a German polar explorer. A captain in the German Navy, he led the third German Antarctic Expedition in 1938-39, which mapped the New Swabia (German: Neuschwabenland) area of Queen Maud Land. Ritscher Peak and Ritscher Upland there are named for him.
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Alistair Mackay
Alistair Mackay was a Scottish doctor and polar explorer. He was one the trio of explorers, along with Douglas Mawson and Professor Edgeworth David, who became the first humans to reach the Magnetic South Pole.
In 1907, Mackay joined the British Antarctic Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton as an expedition doctor. They arrived on the ship Nimrod at Cape Royds in Antarctica in February 1908 and set up camp in a small expedition hut that would house the 15-man party through the winter. In March 1908 along with Mawson and David, Mackay made up the party who undertook the first ascent of Mount Erebus.
The following spring when Shackelton set off to attempt to reach the South Pole, he despatched Mackay, Mawson and Edgeworth David northward to reach the South Magnetic Pole which lay approximately 650 km north-north-west of Ross Island. The trek commenced on October 5, 1908 with the men hauling their own sleds and relaying the loads which meant that every kilometre gained by the sledges involved them travelling three kilometres by foot.
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Allen Young
Sir Allen Young (1827–1915) was an English master mariner and explorer, best remembered for his role in Arctic exploration including the search for Sir John Franklin.
Allen Young was born at Twickenham on 12 December 1827, and went to sea as a midshipman in the merchant marine in 1842. By 1853 he was master of the Blackwall Frigate Marlborough and made two round voyages between England and Australia. During the Crimean War he was master of the 3000-ton troop ship Adelaide.
In 1857 Allen Young offered himself as sailing master of the auxiliary steamship Fox under the overall command of Francis Leopold McClintock, that was to search the Franklin expedition, missing since 1845. He also donated 500 pounds to the expedition, and Lady Franklin gratefully accepted his services. The expedition went on to find the only written record of the missing expedition's fate, and Young himself undertook several lengthy overland sled journeys in the search.
In 1874 Allen Young purchased the superseded British Royal Navy gunboat Pandora in order to make a final search for the missing written records of the Franklin expedition, with additional funding from Lady Franklin. The expedition sailed from Southampton late in June 1875, but heavy ice prevented the vessel from reaching the search area, and the expedition returned unsuccessful. By this time Lady Franklin had died. In 1876 Allen Young took the Pandora on a second voyage to the Arctic with stores to relieve the British Arctic Expedition. Young was knighted in recognition of his services.
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Anatoly Sagalevich
Anatoly Mikhailovich Sagalevich (Russian: Анатолий Михайлович Сагалевич) (born September 5, 1938) is a Russian explorer, who works at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (USSR Academy of Sciences until 1991) since 1965.
Since 1979 he has been the director of the Russian (former Soviet) Deepwater Submersibles Laboratory. He received Doctor of Sciences degree in 1985. Sagalevich took part in the construction of Pisces VIII, Pisces IX and MIR Deep Submergence Vehicles (DSV) and completed more than 300 submersions as the chief pilot of DSVs. Between 1989 and 2005 he led 28 expeditions on MIR DSV. He was the pilot of MIR during expeditions to RMS Titanic, Bismarck, Soviet submarine K-278 Komsomolets, I-52,Russian submarine K-141 Kursk.
Sagalevich holds the world record for the deepest fresh water dive, at 1,637 meters (5,371 ft) (in Lake Baikal aboard a Pisces in 1990).
On August 2, 2007 Sagalevich was the pilot of MIR-1 DSV, that reached the seabed at the North Pole during Arktika 2007 expedition.
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Andrey Kapitsa
Andrey Petrovich Kapitsa (Russian: Андре́й Петро́вич Капи́ца; 9 July 1931 – 2 August 2011) was a Russian geographer and Antarctic explorer, discoverer of Lake Vostok, the largest subglacial lake in Antarctica. He was a member of the Kapitsa family, a scientific dynasty in Russia.
Kapitsa was the first to suggest the existence of Lake Vostok in the region of Vostok Station in Antarctica, based on seismic soundings of the thickness of the Antarctic ice sheet. These measures were obtained during the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, in four of which Kapitsa participated. The discovery of Lake Vostok was one of the last major geographic discoveries on Earth.
Andrey Kapitsa's father was Nobel Prize-winning physicist Pyotr Kapitsa, and his maternal grandfather was mathematician and naval engineer Aleksey Krylov. Pyotr Kapitsa's sons Sergey and Andrey were born in Cambridge, United Kingdom, where their father was conducting research.
Andrey graduated from Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, in 1953. He worked in the Laboratory of Experimental Geomorphology at the faculty since.
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Anthony de la Roché
Anthony de la Roché, born sometime in the 17th century, (spelled also Antoine de la Roché, Antonio de la Roché or Antonio de la Roca in some sources) was an English merchant born in London to a French Huguenot father and an English mother. During a commercial voyage between Europe and South America he was blown off course, and visited the Antarctic island of South Georgia, making the first ever discovery of land south of the Antarctic Convergence.
Having acquired a 350-ton ship in Hamburg and obtained permission by the Spanish authorities to trade in Spanish America, la Roché called at the Canary Islands in May 1674 and in October that year arrived in the port of Callao in the Viceroyalty of Peru by way of Le Maire Strait and Cape Horn. On his return voyage, sailing from Chiloé Island (Chile) to Bahia de Todos os Santos (Salvador, Brazil), in April 1675 la Roché rounded Cape Horn and was overwhelmed by tempestuous conditions in the tricky waters off Staten Island (Isla de los Estados). His ship failed to make Le Maire Strait as desired, nor round the east extremity of Staten Island (i.e. make the mythical ‘Brouwer's Strait’ present on the old maps since the 1643 Dutch expedition of Admiral Hendrik Brouwer), and was carried far away to the east instead. Eventually they found refuge in one of South Georgia’s southern bays — possibly Drygalski Fjord according to some experts — where the battered ship anchored for a fortnight.
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Arthur Ransome
Arthur Michell Ransome (18 January 1884 – 3 June 1967) was an English author and journalist, best known for writing the Swallows and Amazons series of children's books. These tell of school-holiday adventures of children, mostly in the Lake District and the Norfolk Broads. Many of the books involve sailing; other common subjects include fishing and camping. The books remain so popular that they provide a basis of a tourist industry around Windermere and Coniston Water—the two lakes that Ransome used as the basis for his fictional North Country lake.
He also wrote about the literary life of London, and about Russia before, during, and after the revolutions of 1917.
Ransome was born in Leeds; the house at 6 Ash Grove, in the Hyde Park area, has a blue plaque over the door commemorating the event. Ransome's father was professor of history at Yorkshire College, Leeds. His father's death in 1897 had a lasting effect on Ransome.
Ransome received his formal education first in Windermere and then at Rugby School (where he lived in Lewis Carroll's study room) but did not entirely enjoy the experience, due to his poor eyesight, lack of athletic skill, and limited academic achievement. He attended Yorkshire College, his father's college, studying chemistry. After a year, he abandoned the college and went to London to become a writer. He took low-paying jobs as an office assistant in a publishing company and as editor of a failing magazine, Temple Bar Magazine, while writing and becoming a member of the literary scene of London.
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Artur Chilingarov
Artur Nikolayevich Chilingarov (Russian: Артур Николаевич Чилингаров; born 25 September 1939) is a Russian polar explorer. He is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in 1986 and the title of Hero of the Russian Federation in 2008. Chilingarov is also a member of the State Duma from Nenets Autonomous Okrug (since 1993). Member of the United Russia party.
He was born in Leningrad. In 1963 he graduated from the Arctic faculty of the Leningrad Maritime Institute named after admiral S.O. Makarov. As an engineer-oceanographer he was directed to the Tiksi observatory of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. In 1965 he was elected first secretary of the Bulun Komsomol district committee. In 1969 he was appointed head of the drift ice station “North Pole-19” and in 1971 Chilingarov headed the Bellingshausen Station of the 17th Soviet Antarctic Expedition.
Between 1974 and 1979 he worked in the Western sector of the Arctic as head of the Amderma Administration of hydrometeorology and environmental control. Under his direction, new forms of Arctic operative navigation support were implemented; for the first time, experimental work on cargo transfers to fast ice during wintertime were carried out in Yamal Peninsula. Chilingarov summarized his experience in navigation support on the Northern Sea Route in his dissertation for the scientific degree of a kandidat of geographical sciences.
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Arved Fuchs
Arved Fuchs (born 26 April 1953) is a German explorer. On December 30, 1989, he and the famous mountain climber Reinhold Messner were the first to reach the South Pole without animal or motorised help, on skis and with wind-assistance (parasail). Many of his expeditions have been placed on water, such as his failed attempt to sail around North Pole on a traditional sailing boat (1991-1994). This boat, named Dagmar Aaen, is still used by Fuchs on his current expeditions.
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Avgust Tsivolko
Avgust Karlovich Tsivolko, also spelled as Tsivolka (Polish: August Cywolka, Russian: Август Карлович Циволько) (1810 – March 28 (O.S. March 16), 1839) was a Russian navigator and Arctic explorer.
In 1834-1835, Avgust Tsivolko took part in the Pakhtusov expedition towards Novaya Zemlya. In 1837, Tsivolko commanded a schooner named Krotov during the Baer expedition towards Novaya Zemlya. He was the one to map the Matochkin Strait in the course of this expedition. In 1838 Tsivolko was put in charge of the mapping expedition and sent towards the northern and northeastern shores of Novaya Zemlya.
Avgust Tsivolko died of scurvy during this expedition.
A gulf in the Kara Sea and a group of islands in the Nordenskiöld Archipelago are named after Avgust Tsivolko.
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Benjamin Morrell
Benjamin Morrell (5 July 1795 – 1839) was an American sealing captain and explorer who between 1823 and 1831 made a series of voyages, mainly to the Southern Ocean and the Pacific Islands, which are recorded in a colourful memoir A Narrative of Four Voyages. Morrell's reputation among his peers was for untruth and fantasy, and claims in his partly ghost-written account, especially those relating to his Antarctic experiences, have been disputed by geographers and historians.
Morrell had an eventful early career, running away to sea at the age of 16 and being twice captured and imprisoned by the British during the War of 1812. He subsequently sailed before the mast for several years before being appointed as chief mate, and later as captain, of the New York sealer Wasp. In 1823 he took Wasp for an extended voyage into subantarctic waters, and it was from this first voyage of a sequence of four that much of the controversy surrounding his reputation developed. Many of his claims—the first landing on Bouvet Island, a Weddell Sea penetration to 70°S, an extremely rapid passage of 3,500 nautical miles (6,500 km) at improbably high latitudes, and the discovery of a coastline he called New South Greenland—have been doubted or proved false. His subsequent three voyages, in different ships, were less contentious, although his descriptions of various incidents have been dismissed as fanciful or absurd. His unreliability is also aggravated by his acknowledged habit of working the experiences of others into his narratives.
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Bernt Balchen
Bernt Balchen, (23 October 1899 – 17 October 1973), a recipient of the Distinguished Flying Cross was a Norwegian native, and later U.S. citizen, known as a pioneer polar aviator, navigator, aircraft mechanical engineer and military leader. His service in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II made use of his Arctic exploration expertise to help the Allies over Scandinavia and Northern Europe. After the war, Balchen continued to be an influential leader with the U.S. Air Force, as well as a highly-regarded private consultant in projects involving the Arctic and aviation.
The son of a country doctor, Balchen was born at the farm Myren in Tveit, just outside of Kristiansand, Norway. Gaining a degree in forestry engineering at the Forestry School, Moseby, Norway in 1916, he enrolled in the French Foreign Legion then transferred to the Norwegian Army where he was sent to an artillery school but he graduated too late to see action in World War I. Under an assumed name, Balchen fought as a cavalryman in the Finnish Army against the Russians in the civil war that followed the end of major hostilities. During a cavalry charge, his horse was shot from under him and he was left for dead on the battlefield. Receiving serious wounds that necessitated a lengthy convalescence, Balchen turned to an early interest in athletics and trained strenuously as a boxer to represent Norway in the 1920 Olympics. Besides being a championship boxer, he was also an expert marksman and an accomplished skier. Balchen was very knowledgeable about wilderness and northern survival, skills that he would later exploit. While waiting for his acceptance as an Olympian, Balchen received word that he also qualified for flight training, resulting in his decision to become a pilot in the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service in 1921.
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Boris Vilkitsky
Boris Andreyevich Vilkitsky (Russian: Борис Андреевич Вилькицкий)(22 March (3 April N.S.) 1885 — 6 March 1961) was a Russian hydrographer and surveyor. He was the son of Andrey Ippolitovich Vilkitsky.
Vilkitsky graduated from the Naval Academy in Saint Petersburg in 1908. He participated in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. In 1913—1915 he led the Arctic hydrographic expedition on the ships "Taimyr" and "Vaigach" with the purpose of further exploration of the Northern Sea Route.
In 1913, Vilkitsky's expedition discovered Severnaya Zemlya, perhaps one of the most important Russian discoveries in the Arctic at the time. Other discoveries were an island that now bears his name (Vilkitsky Island), as well as the islands of Maly Taymyr and neighboring Starokadomsky. In 1914—1915, Vilkitsky's expedition made the first through voyage from Vladivostok to Arkhangelsk, discovered Novopashenniy Island (now Zhokhova Island), and described the southern coastline of Severnaya Zemlya.
In 1918, Vilkitsky was appointed head of the first Soviet hydrographic expedition, which never took place due to its seizure by the interventionists in Arkhangelsk. In 1920, Vilkitsky emigrated to Britain. In 1923 and 1924, Vilkitsky led commercial expeditions in the Kara Sea at the invitation of the Soviet foreign trade organizations.
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Brendan
Saint Brendan of Clonfert or Bréanainn of Clonfert (c. 484 – c. 577) (Irish: Naomh Breandán; Icelandic: Brandanus) called "the Navigator", "the Voyager", or "the Bold" is one of the early Irish monastic saints. He is chiefly renowned for his legendary quest to the "Isle of the Blessed," also called St Brendan's Island. The Voyage of St Brendan could be called an immram (Irish navigational story). He was one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland.
Saint Brendan's feast day is celebrated on 16 May by Catholics, Anglicans, and Eastern Orthodox Christians.
In 484 Saint Brendan was born in Ciarraighe Luachra near the port of Tralee, in County Kerry, in the province of Munster, in the south-west of Ireland. He was baptised at Tubrid, near Ardfert, by Saint Erc. For five years he was educated under Saint Ita, "the Brigid of Munster", and he completed his studies under Saint Erc, who ordained him priest in 512. Between the years 512 and 530 St Brendan built monastic cells at Ardfert, and, at the foot of Mount Brandon, Shanakeel— Seana Cill, usually translated as "the old church"— also called Baalynevinoorach.
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Cadwalader Ringgold
Cadwalader Ringgold (1802–1867) was an officer in the United States Navy who served in the United States Exploring Expedition, later headed an expedition to the Northwest and, after initially retiring, returned to service during the Civil War.
Cadwalader Ringgold was born August 20, 1802 in Washington County, Maryland, at "Fountain Rock", the 18,000-acre (7,300 ha) family estate. His mother was Maria Cadwalader (1776–1811), daughter of John Cadwalader (1742–1786), who was a general during the American Revolutionary War. Some sources spell his first name with two "l"s. His father was Samuel Ringgold, a Maryland politician who later served in the U.S. House of Representatives. He had an older brother, Samuel Ringgold, an army officer called "the father of modern artillery" and who died in the Battle of Palo Alto. Cadwalader was the sixth of 11 children, the youngest child of his mother, who then died. His father remarried and went on to have five more children by his second wife.
Cadwalader Ringgold entered the U.S. Navy in 1819 and commanded the schooner Weazel in action against West Indies pirates during the late 1820s. He became a lieutenant on May 17, 1828 and that year served on Vandalia in the Pacific Ocean. He went on to serve on the Adams in the Mediterranean.
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Carl Anton Larsen
Carl Anton Larsen (August 7, 1860 – December 8, 1924) was a Norwegian Antarctic Explorer, who made important contributions to the exploration of Antarctica, the most significant being the first discovery of fossils, for which he received the Back Grant from the Royal Geographical Society. In December 1893 he became the first person to ski in Antarctica on the Larsen Ice Shelf which was subsequently named after him. Larsen is considered the founder of the Antarctic whaling industry and the settlement at Grytviken on the British-administered island of South Georgia. In 1910, after some years' residence on South Georgia, he took British citizenship.
Carl Anton Larsen was born in Østre Halsen, Tjolling, the son of a Norwegian Sea Captain Ole Christian Larsen and his wife Ellen Andrea Larsen (née Thorsen). His family subsequently relocated to nearby Sandefjord, the home of the Norwegian whaling industry, where, at the young age of 9 he went to sea in a small barque with his father chasing seals and trading across the North Atlantic with Britain, only returning to go to school during the fall and winter. He would continue this for a number of years, until his curiosity for the sea was so strong he enrolled himself in navigation school where he passed the exam for foreign-going mate at the age of 18. Having been to Britain a few times in the previous years he realized the importance of having a second language and soon taught himself English and Spanish.
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Carsten Borchgrevink
Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink (1 December 1864 – 21 April 1934) was an Anglo-Norwegian polar explorer and a pioneer of modern Antarctic travel. He was the precursor of Robert Falcon Scott, Ernest Shackleton, Roald Amundsen and other more famous names associated with the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. He began his exploring career in 1894 by joining a Norwegian whaling expedition, from which he brought back a collection of the first specimens of vegetable life within the Antarctic Circle.
In 1898–1900 Borchgrevink led the British-financed Southern Cross Expedition, which in 1899 became the first to overwinter on the Antarctic mainland and the first to visit the Great Ice Barrier since the expedition of Sir James Ross nearly sixty years previously. Borchgrevink landed on the Barrier with two companions and made the first sledge journey on its surface, setting a new Farthest South record at 78°50'S. On its return to England, notwithstanding its array of "firsts", the expedition was received with only moderate interest by the public and by the British geographical establishment, whose attention was fixed on Scott's upcoming National Antarctic Expedition. Borchgrevink's colleagues were critical of his leadership, and his own accounts of the expedition were regarded as journalistic and unreliable.
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Carsten Richardson
Carsten Richardson was an early 17th century Holsteinian-Danish naval officer and Arctic explorer. He is most noted for his role in King Christian IV's Expeditions to Greenland.
Carsten Richardson was in command of one of five ships in the 1606 expedition to Greenland led by Godske Lindenov and sent by Christian IV of Denmark to locate the lost Eastern Norse Settlement and to assert Danish sovereignty. In the following year, Richardson was made leader of a failed expedition with the same purpose, equipped with two ships – the flagship Trost ("Consolation") and Grønlandske Bark ("Greenland Bark") – and 44 men. Dense sea ice prevented them from landing on the Greenland coast, which was in sight.
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Charles Clerke
Captain Charles Clerke RN (22 August 1741 – 22 August 1779) was an officer in the Royal Navy who sailed on four voyages of exploration with Captain James Cook. When Cook was killed during his 3rd expedition to the Pacific, Clerke took command but died later in the voyage from tuberculosis.
Clerke started studying at the Royal Naval Academy in Portsmouth when he was 13. During the Seven Years' War he served aboard HMS Dorsetshire and HMS Bellona. He was in the mizzen-top of HMS Bellona when the mast was shot away in 1761 and he became the only survivor of those who consequently fell overboard.
In June 1764 he joined Captain John Byron, aboard HMS Dolphin, on Byron's expedition to explore the Pacific. The Dolphin returned in May 1766. Its circumnavigation of 22 months was the shortest up to that point. Upon his return Clerke published an account of encountering Patagonian giants, was probably a hoax which the Dictionary of Canadian Biography attributed to his high spirits.
Clerke's last three voyages were all under the command of Captain James Cook. He started the first voyage aboard HM Bark Endeavour (1768–1771) as a master's mate. Cook promoted him to acting lieutenant in 1771. He was HMS Resolution's second lieutenant on Cook's second voyage (1772–1775).
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Charles Francis Hall
Charles Francis Hall (1821 – November 8, 1871) was an American Arctic explorer. Little is known of Hall's early life. He was born in the state of Vermont, but while he was still a child his family moved to Rochester, New Hampshire, where, as a boy, he was apprenticed to a blacksmith. In the 1840s he married and drifted westward, arriving in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1849. There he went into business making seals and engraving plates, and later began to publish a two small newspapers, The Cincinnati Occasional and The Daily Press.
Around 1857, Hall became interested in the Arctic and spent the next few years studying the reports of previous explorers and trying to raise money for an expedition, primarily intended to learn the fate of Sir John Franklin's lost expedition.
In 1860, Hall began his first expedition (1860–63), gaining passage out of New Bedford on the whaler George Henry under Captain Sidney O. Budington, whose uncle James Budington had salvaged Edward Belcher's exploration ship HMS Resolute, also on the "George Henry". He got as far as Baffin Island, where the George Henry was forced to winter over. The Inuit told Hall of surviving relics from Martin Frobisher's mining venture at Frobisher Bay on Baffin Island. Hall soon travelled there to see them first-hand, drawing upon the inestimable assistance of his newly-found Inuit guides Ebierbing ("Joe") and Tookoolito ("Hannah").
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Charles Wilkes
Charles Wilkes (April 3, 1798 – February 8, 1877) was an American naval officer and explorer. He led the United States Exploring Expedition, 1838-1842 and commanded the ship in the Trent Affair during the American Civil War (1861–1865). Although credited with several "firsts", his behavior led to two convictions at court-martial.
Wilkes was born in New York City, on April 3, 1798, as the great nephew of the former Lord Mayor of London John Wilkes. His mother was Mary Seton, who died in 1802 when Charles was just three years old. As a result, Charles was raised by his aunt, Elizabeth Ann Seton, a convert to Roman Catholicism who was the first American-born woman to be canonized a saint by the Catholic Church. When Elizabeth was left widowed with five children, Charles was sent to a boarding school, and later attended Columbia College, which is the present-day Columbia University. He entered the United States Navy as a midshipman in 1818, and became a lieutenant in 1826.
In 1833, for his survey of Narragansett Bay, he was placed in charge of the Navy's Department of Charts and Instruments, out of which developed the Naval Observatory and Hydrographic Office. Wilkes' interdisciplinary expedition (1838–1842) set a physical oceanography benchmark for the office's first superintendent Matthew Fontaine Maury.
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Colin Archer
Colin Archer (22 July 1832 – 8 February 1921) was a Norwegian naval architect and shipbuilder from Larvik, Norway. His parents had immigrated to Norway from Scotland in 1825.
Prior to his career as a naval architect in Norway, he spent time in Queensland, Australia, with several of his brothers, including Thomas. While there, he sailed with a cargo up the Fitzroy River, Queensland "when it was almost if not quite unknown".
He and his shipyard were known for building durable and safe ships. The most notable single ship built by Colin Archer was the Fram, which participated in expeditions to the North Pole and, later, in Roald Amundsen's historic first expedition to the South Pole; Fram is now preserved in the Fram Museum on Bygdøy, Oslo, Norway. Archer also designed a sturdy sailing vessel class for the Redningsselskapet (The Norwegian Lifeboat institution), which was used for many years and now is referred to as a Colin Archer; the prototype lifeboat, "Colin Archer RS 1", is still afloat and in use as a floating museum. Several other original vessels Redningsselskapet are still sailing including the Frithjof Wiese RS40.
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David Legge Brainard
Brigadier-General David Legge Brainard (December 21, 1856−March 22, 1946) was an American arctic explorer and soldier.
Brainard was born in Norway, New York, the fifth son to Alanson Brainard and Maria C. Legge.
Brainard enlisted in the US Army in 1876, and served in the Sioux, Bannock and Nez Perce campaigns in 1877 and 1878 under General Nelson Appleton Miles, where he was wounded on his face and right hand.
In 1880, he volunteered and was selected for the Howgate Expedition, which was canceled. However, the next year he was detailed as first sergeant for the ill-fated Lady Franklin Bay Expedition under Adolphus Greely. Over the three years of this expedition he continuously kept a journal. Among the men to die on this expedition was James Booth Lockwood, second-in-command of the expedition and Brainard's companion on many excursions, including their record breaking push north to 83°23'30". Brainard wrote of his passing on April 9, 1884:
Shortly before rescue, in the spring of 1884, freezing, starving and suffering from scurvy, he wrote:
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David Scott Cowper
David Scott Cowper is a British yachtsman, and was the first man to sail solo round the world in both directions and was also the first to successfully sail around the world via the Northwest Passage single-handed.
Born in 1942, David Cowper was educated at Stowe School and lives and works in Newcastle upon Tyne. Although he is a Chartered Surveyor and a Fellow of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, sailing was his passion from an early age.
In 1974, Cowper participated and successfully completed The Observer Around Britain Race in his Wanderer-class sailboat, Airedale, designed by John Laurent Giles. In 1976, he successfully completed The Observer Single-Handed Trans-Atlantic Race, again in his boat Airedale.
In 1980, Cowper completed the fastest solo circumnavigation of the globe solo via Cape Horn, Cape of Good Hope and Cape Leeuwin in Ocean Bound, a Sparkman & Stevens 41' sloop, beating Francis Chichester's record of 226 days by one day.
Two years later, he repeated the feat, sailing against the prevailing westerly winds and rounding all five capes in 237 days, beating Chay Blyth's record by 71 days and becoming the first person to circumnavigate the world in both directions single-handed.
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Dmitry Laptev
Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev (Russian: Дмитрий Яковлевич Лаптев) (1701 - January 31 [O.S. January 20] 1771) was a Russian Arctic explorer and Vice Admiral (1762).
Dmitry Laptev was born in the village of Bolotovo, near Velikie Luki, in 1701. Bolotovo was the estate of his father, Yakov Laptev. Yakov's brother, Prokofiy Laptev, owned a nearby estate called Pokarevo, where in 1700 Dmitry's cousin, Khariton Laptev, was born.
Dmitry Laptev started his career in the navy as a cadet in 1718. In 1736, he was appointed leader of one of the parties of the Second Kamchatka expedition. As a result of his voyages by land and sea in 1739—1742, Laptev described the sea coastline from the mouth of the Lena River to the Cape Bolshoy Baranov (east of the mouth of the Kolyma River), basin and mouth of the Anadyr River, and land route from the Anadyr fortress to the Penzhinskaya Bay. In 1741—1742, Laptev surveyed the rivers of Bolshoy Anyuy and Anadyr. After the expedition, he continued his military service in the Baltic Fleet. Laptev was promoted to Vice Admiral rank in 1762, and retired same year.
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Dmitry Ovtsyn
Dmitry Leontiyevich Ovtsyn (Russian: Дмитрий Леонтьевич Овцын) (unknown - after 1757) was a Russian hydrographer and Arctic explorer.
In 1734-1738, Ovtsyn led one of the units of the Second Kamchatka expedition that charted the coastline of the Kara Sea east of the river Ob. In summer of 1737, his unit made its way from Ob to Yenisei and made the first hydrographic description of this part of the Siberian coastline. In 1741, Ovtsyn took part in Vitus Bering's voyage to the shores of America.
A cape on the Taimyr Peninsula and a strait between the islands Oleniy and Sibiryakov bear his name.
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Douglas Mawson
Sir Douglas Mawson, OBE, FRS, FAA (5 May 1882 – 14 October 1958) was an Australian geologist, Antarctic explorer and Academic. Along with Roald Amundsen, Robert Falcon Scott, and Ernest Shackleton, Mawson was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
He was appointed geologist to an expedition to the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) in 1903; his report The geology of the New Hebrides, was one of the first major geological works of Melanesia. Also that year he published a geological paper on Mittagong, New South Wales. His major influences in his geological career were Professor Edgeworth David and Professor Archibald Liversidge. He then became a lecturer in petrology and mineralogy at the University of Adelaide in 1905. He identified and first described the mineral Davidite, named for Edgeworth David.
Douglas turned down an invitation to join Robert Falcon Scott's Terra Nova Expedition in 1910; Australian geologist Griffith Taylor went with Scott instead. Mawson chose to lead his own expedition, the Australasian Antarctic Expedition, to King George V Land and Adelie Land, the sector of the Antarctic continent immediately south of Australia, which at the time was almost entirely unexplored. The objectives were to carry out geographical exploration and scientific studies, including a visit to the South Magnetic Pole.
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Edgar Evans
Petty Officer Edgar Evans (7 March 1876 – 17 February 1912) was a member of the Polar Party on Robert Falcon Scott's companions on his ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition to the South Pole in 1911–1912. This final group of five men, personally selected for the final expedition push, attained the Pole on 17 January 1912; but all of them, including Evans, perished as they attempted to return to their base camp.
Evans was born in Middleton, Rhossili,Wales, the son of a seaman. He attended St. Helen's Boys School from the age of six until he was thirteen, then enlisted in the Royal Navy in 1891, and in 1899 began service on HMS Majestic, where Scott was serving as a torpedo lieutenant.
Edgar Evans then joined Scott's first Antarctic expedition in Discovery in 1901–1904. Along with William Lashly, he accompanied Scott on his "Furthest West" sledge journey to the interior of Victoria Land in 1903.
Scott's biographer Roland Huntford described Evans as "a huge, bull-necked beefy figure" and a "beery womanizer" who was "running a bit to fat" by the time of Scott's second expedition in Terra Nova. Evans was nearly left behind in New Zealand when he drunkenly fell into the water while boarding the ship. However, held in high regard by Scott for "his resourcefulness, his strength and fund of anecdotes," Scott decided to overlook the incident.
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Edgeworth David
Sir Tannatt William Edgeworth David (commonly known as Edgeworth David) KBE, DSO, FRS, (28 January 1858 – 28 August 1934) was a Welsh Australian geologist and Antarctic explorer. A household name in his lifetime, David's most significant achievements were discovering the major Hunter Valley coalfield in New South Wales and leading the first expedition to reach the South Magnetic Pole. He also served with distinction in World War I.
David was born in St. Fagans near Cardiff, Wales, the eldest son of the Rev. William David, a fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, a classical scholar and naturalist and his wife Margaret Harriette (née Thomson). His mother's cousin, William A. E. Ussher of the Geological Survey, first interested David in what was to be his life work.
At the age of 12, David went to Magdalen College School, Oxford in 1870. In 1876 he gained a classical scholarship to New College, Oxford. While there he was lectured by the famous John Ruskin and William Spooner. In 1878 he suffered a health breakdown and travelled to Canada and Australia to recuperate. Returning to Oxford, he attended lectures on geology by Sir Joseph Prestwich which stimulated his interest in the subject. After graduating as a Bachelor of Arts without honours in 1880, he spent the following two years in field study of the geology of Wales. In November 1881 he read his first paper, Evidences of Glacial Action in the Neighbourhood of Cardiff before the Cardiff Naturalists' Society. In the following year he briefly studied at the Royal School of Mines, London, under Professor J.W. Judd before accepting the position of Assistant Geological Surveyor to the Government of New South Wales, Australia.
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Edith Ronne
Edith "Jackie" Ronne (born October 13, 1919 - June 14, 2009) was an American explorer of Antarctica and the first woman in the world to be a working member of an Antarctic expedition. She is also the namesake of the Ronne Ice Shelf.
She was born October 13, 1919, in Baltimore, Maryland and received a degree in history from George Washington University. She married Finn Ronne on March 18, 1941, and on the expedition of 1946–1948 that her husband commanded, she became the first American woman to set foot on the Antarctic continent. She and Jennie Darlington, the wife of the expedition's chief pilot, became the first women to overwinter in Antarctica. They spent 15 months together with 21 other members of the expedition in a small station they had set up on Stonington Island in Marguerite Bay.
As the expedition's recorder & historian, Ronne wrote the news releases for the North American Newspaper Alliance. She also kept a daily history of the expedition's accomplishments, which formed the basis for her husband's book, Antarctic Conquest, published by Putnam in 1949, as well as making routine tidal and seismographic observations.
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Edmund Hillary
Sir Edmund Percival Hillary KG ONZ KBE (20 July 1919 – 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand mountaineer, explorer and philanthropist. On 29 May 1953, Hillary and Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers confirmed as having reached the summit of Mount Everest – see Timeline of climbing Mount Everest. They were part of the ninth British expedition to Everest, led by John Hunt. He was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
Hillary became interested in mountaineering while in secondary school, making his first major climb in 1939, reaching the summit of Mount Ollivier. He served in the Royal New Zealand Air Force as a navigator during World War II. Prior to the 1953 Everest expedition, he had been part of the British reconnaissance expedition to the mountain in 1951, as well as an unsuccessful attempt to climb Cho Oyu in 1952. As part of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition he reached the South Pole overland in 1958. Subsequently, he also travelled to the North Pole.
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Eduard Toll
Eduard Gustav von Toll was a Baltic German geologist and Arctic explorer in Russian service. Often referred to as Baron von Toll or as Eduard v. Toll, in Russia he is known as Eduard Vasiliyevich Toll (Russian: Эдуард Васильевич Толль). Eduard Toll was born on (March 14 [O.S. March 2] 1858, in Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia) and he died in 1902 in an unknown location in the Arctic Ocean). He belonged to a noble family of Baltic German origin and was married to Baroness Emmy von Toll.
Eduard Toll graduated from the University of Dorpat (Tartu) as a zoologist in 1882. Already while he was a student he traveled to the Mediterranean and researched the fauna, flora and geology of Algeria and the Balearic Islands.
In 1885-1886, Toll took part in an expedition to the New Siberian Islands, organized by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and led by Alexander Bunge. Eduard Toll explored the Great Lyakhovsky Island, Bunge Land, Faddeyevsky Island, Kotelny Island, as well as the western shores of the New Siberia Island. In 1886 Toll thought that he had seen an unknown land north of Kotelny. He guessed that this was the so-called "Zemlya Sannikova" (Sannikov Land), a land that Yakov Sannikov and Matvei Gedenschtrom claimed to have seen during their 1808-1810 expedition, but whose existence had never been proved. The results of this expedition were appreciated by the Academy as "a true geographical deed".
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Edward Adrian Wilson
Edward Adrian Wilson FZS ("Uncle Bill") (23 July 1872 – 29 March 1912) was a notable English polar explorer, physician, naturalist, painter and ornithologist.
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Edward Belcher
Admiral Sir Edward Belcher, KCB (27 February 1799 – 18 March 1877), was a British naval officer and explorer. He was the great-grandson of Governor Jonathan Belcher. His wife, Diana Jolliffe, was the stepdaughter of Captain Peter Heywood.
Belcher was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the second son of Andrew Belcher and entered the Royal Navy in 1812.
In 1825, he accompanied Frederick William Beechey's expedition to the Pacific and Bering Strait, as a surveyor. He subsequently commanded a surveying ship on the north and west coasts of Africa and in the British seas. Belcher married Diana Jolliffe in 1833 and three years thereafter took up the work which Beechey had left unfinished on the Pacific coast of South America. He was on board the bomb vessel HMS Sulphur, which was ordered to return to England in 1839 by the Trans-Pacific route. Belcher made various observations at a number of islands which he visited, was delayed by being despatched to take part in the war in China in 1840.
In 1841, the then Commander Belcher landed on Possession Point at the north shore Hong Kong Island and made the first British survey of Hong Kong harbour. After the war's end in 1842 he reached home and for his services was made a Knight Bachelor in the following year. He was then engaged in HMS Samarang, in surveying work in the East Indies, the Philippines, Geomun-do (Port Hamilton) and other places, until 1847.
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Edward Bransfield
Edward Bransfield (1785–1852) was a master of the British Royal Navy and considered the discoverer of the continent of Antarctica.
Edward Bransfield was born in Ballinacurra, County Cork, Ireland, in c.1785. While little is known of Edward's family or early life, the Bransfields were thought to have been a well-known and respected Catholic family. The Bransfields may have had enough money to pay for Edward's education, but because of the Penal Laws it is more likely that he attended a local hedge school. On 2 June 1803, Bransfield, then just eighteen years old, was taken from his father's fishing boat and impressed into the Royal Navy.
He began as an ordinary seaman on the 1st rate ship of the line (110 guns) Ville de Paris, where he shared living quarters with William Edward Parry, then a twelve year old midshipman, who would also go on to make a name for himself in Polar exploration. Bransfield was rated as an able seaman in 1805 and was appointed to the 1st rate ship of the line (110 guns) Royal Sovereign (which had taken part in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805) in 1806 as an able seaman, then 2nd master's mate in 1808, midshipman in 1808, clerk in 1809 and midshipman again in 1811. By 1812 he had achieved the rank of second master, and in the same year he was made acting master on the Goldfinch (brig-sloop of the Cherokee class with 10 guns and commanded by The Rt Hon Sir William Cornwallis).
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Elisha Kane
Elisha Kent Kane (28 February 1820 – 16 February 1857) was an American explorer, and a medical officer in the United States Navy during the first half of the 19th century. He was a member of two Arctic expeditions to rescue the explorer Sir John Franklin. He was present at the discovery of Sir John Franklin's first winter camp, but he did not find out what had happened to the fatal expedition.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Kane was the son of John Kintzing Kane, a U.S. district judge, and Jane Duval Leiper. His brother was attorney, diplomat, abolitionist, and American Civil War general Thomas L. Kane. Kane graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Medical School in 1842. On 14 September 1843, he became Assistant Surgeon in the Navy. He served in the China Commercial Treaty mission under Caleb Cushing, in the Africa Squadron, and in the United States Marine Corps during the Mexican-American War. One battle that Kane fought in was at Nopalucan on January 6, 1848. At (sic) Napoluca, he captured, befriended and saved the life of Mexican General Antonio Gaona and the General’s wounded son.
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Eric Marshall
Eric Marshall (1879–1963) was an Antarctica explorer with the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907-09, and was one of the party of four who reached Furthest South at 88°23′S 162°00′E / 88.383°S 162°E / -88.383; 162 on 9 January 1909.
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Erich von Drygalski
Erich Dagobert von Drygalski (February 9, 1865 – January 10, 1949) was a German geographer, geophysicist and polar scientist, born in Königsberg, Province of Prussia.
Between 1882 and 1887, Drygalski studied mathematics and natural science at the University of Königsberg, Bonn, Berlin and Leipzig. He graduated with a doctorate thesis about ice shields in Nordic areas. Between 1888 and 1891, he was an assistant at the Geodetic Institute and the Central Office of International Geodetics in Berlin.
Drygalski led two expeditions between 1891 and 1893, which were supplied by the Society for Geoscience of Berlin. One expedition wintered during the winter between 1892 and 1893 in Western Greenland. He habilitated 1889 for geography and geophysics with the collected scientific evidence. In 1898, Drygalski became associate professor and 1899 extraordinary professor for geography and geophysics in Berlin.
Drygalski led the first German South Polar expedition with the ship Gauss to explore the unknown area of Antarctica lying south of the Kerguelen Islands. The expedition started from Kiel in the summer of 1901. A small party of the expedition was also stationed on the Kerguelen Islands, while the main party proceeded further south. Drygalski also paid a brief call to Heard Island and provided the first comprehensive scientific information on the island's geology, flora and fauna. Despite being trapped by ice for nearly fourteen months until February 1903, the expedition discovered new territory in Antarctica, the Kaiser Wilhelm II Land with the Gaussberg. The expedition arrived back in Kiel in November 1903. Subsequently, Drygalski wrote the narrative of the expedition and edited the voluminous scientific data. Between 1905 and 1931, he published twenty volumes and two atlases documenting the expedition.
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Erik the Red
Erik Thorvaldsson (Old Norse: Eirīkr Þōrvaldsson; 950 – c. 1003), known as Erik the Red (Old Norse: Eirīkr hinn rauði), is remembered in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first Norse settlement in Greenland. The Icelandic tradition indicates that he was born in the Jæren district of Rogaland, Norway, as the son of Thorvald Asvaldsson, he therefore also appears, patronymically, as Erik Thorvaldsson (Eiríkr Þorvaldsson). The appellation "the Red" most likely refers to his hair color.Leif Ericson, the famous Icelandic explorer, was Erik's son.
Erik the Red's father was exiled from Norway for the crime of manslaughter. He sailed West from Norway with his family and settled in Hornstrandir in northwestern Iceland. The Icelanders later sentenced Erik to exile for three years due to "some killings" he committed around the year 982.[citation needed]
After marrying Thjodhild (Þjóðhildr), he moved to Haukadal (Hawksdale) where he built a farm. The initial confrontation happened when his thralls started a landslide on the neighboring farm belonging to Valthjof (Valþjófr). Valthjof's friend, Eyiolf the Foul (Eyjólfr saurr), killed the thralls. In return, Erik killed Eyjiolf and Holmgang-Hrafn (Hólmgöngu-Hrafn). Eyiolf's kinsmen demanded his banishment from Haukadal.
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Ernest Shackleton
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, CVO, OBE, FRGS (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish polar explorer, one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. His first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on Captain Robert Falcon Scott's Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, from which he was sent home early on health grounds. Determined to make amends for this perceived personal failure, he returned to Antarctica in 1907 as leader of the Nimrod Expedition. In January 1909 he and three companions made a southern march which established a record Farthest South latitude at 88° 23′ S, 97 geographical miles (112 statute miles, 190 km) from the South Pole, by far the closest convergence in exploration history up to that time. For this achievement, Shackleton was knighted by King Edward VII on his return home.
After the race to the South Pole ended in 1912 with Roald Amundsen's conquest, Shackleton turned his attention to what he said was the one remaining great object of Antarctic journeying—the crossing of the continent from sea to sea, via the pole. To this end he made preparations for what became the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914–17. Disaster struck this expedition when its ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice and was slowly crushed before the shore parties could be landed. There followed a sequence of exploits, and an ultimate escape with no lives lost, that would eventually assure Shackleton's heroic status, although this was not immediately evident. In 1921 he went back to the Antarctic with the Shackleton-Rowett Expedition, intending to carry out a programme of scientific and survey activities. Before the expedition could begin this work Shackleton died of a heart attack while his ship, Quest, was moored in South Georgia. At his wife's request he was buried there.
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Ernst Krenkel
Ernst Teodorovich Krenkel (Russian: Эрнст Теодо́рович Кре́нкель) (December 24 (O.S. December 11), 1903, Tartu – December 8, 1971, Moscow) was a Soviet Arctic explorer, doctor of geographical sciences (1938), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938).
In 1924–25 and 1927–38, Ernst Krenkel was a radioman on polar stations Matochkin Shar (1924–25, 1927–28), Tikhaya Bay (1929–1930), Cape Olovyanniy (1935–36), and Domashniy Island (1936). He took part in Arctic expeditions on the Graf Zeppelin airship (1931), icebreaker Sibiryakov, steamship SS Chelyuskin (1933–1934). He was also a radioman on the first drifting ice station North Pole-1 (1937-1938). He is known to have set a world record by establishing a long-distance radio communication between Franz Josef Land and Antarctica.
In 1938, Krenkel went on to work for Glavsevmorput. Later in his life he was employed in the radio industry. In 1951, he was hired by the scientific research institute of hydrometeorological instrument-making, becoming its director in 1969.
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Finn Ronne
Finn Ronne (Norwegian: Finn Rønne) (20 December 1899 – 12 January 1980) was a Norwegian-born U.S. Antarctic explorer.
Finn Ronne was born in Horten, in Vestfold county, Norway. His father, Martin Rønne (1861-1932), was a polar explorer and served in Roald Amundsen's successful expedition to the South Pole. Ronne received his education in engineering at Horten Technical College.
In 1923 Finn Ronne immigrated to the U.S. and gained citizenship in 1929. After working at Westinghouse Electric Corporation for some years, he took part in two of Richard E. Byrd's expeditions to the South Pole, and in 1939 Ronne served as Byrd's executive officer helping discover one thousand miles of new coastline.
After serving several years in the United States Navy, gaining the rank of Captain, Ronne returned to Antarctica in the 1940s, with support of the American Geographical Society. The Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition from 1946 to 1948 mapped and explored the Weddell Sea coastline and set a number of polar records. Ronne covered 3,600 miles by ski and dog sled—more than any other explorer in history. His wife Edith Ronne accompanied him on this expedition, serving as ‘historian and correspondent for the North American Newspaper Alliance’. She and the chief pilot's wife Jennie Darlington were the first women to overwinter in Antarctica.
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Francis Crozier
Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier (16 August 1796–after 1848?) was born in Ireland at Banbridge, County Down and was a British naval officer who participated in six exploratory expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. He was named after Francis Rawdon, the 2nd Earl of Moira, who was a friend of his father.
Francis Crozier was born at Avonmore House which still stands today opposite his large memorial in Church Square Banbridge, County Down, Ireland. He was the eleventh of thirteen children, and the fifth son, of attorney-at-law George Crozier, Esq. Francis attended school locally in Banbridge, with his brothers William and Thomas and lived with his family in Avonmore House in the centre of Banbridge which his father had built in 1792.
His ancestors were of Norman descent and first emerged when they joined the armies of William the Conqueror to invade England in 1066. A certain man called William was in the service of the Church also was the carrier of Bishop Odo's Crozier (half brother of William the Conqueror) and hence took the surname Crozier. Before this date surnames did not exist. He was the founder of the family. He was well known at that time and after Bishop Odo's departure to France, he continued to live in Canterbury and is buried there.
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Frank Wild
Commander John Robert Francis Wild CBE, RNVR, FRGS (born 10 April 1873 in Skelton-in-Cleveland, North Yorkshire, died 19 August 1939 in Klerksdorp, South Africa), known as Frank Wild, was an explorer. He went on five expeditions to Antarctica for which he was awarded the Polar Medal with four bars, one of only two men to be so honoured, the other being Ernest Joyce.
Frank Wild was the eldest of eight sons and three daughters born to school teacher Benjamin Wild and his seamstress wife Mary (née Cook). The family came from Skelton, North Yorkshire, close to Marton, birthplace of Captain James Cook, to whom the family claimed ancestry through Mrs Wild. Her father was Robert Cook, who claimed to be a grandson of the great explorer. By 1875 the Wild family had moved from Skelton to Stickford in Lincolnshire, and in late 1880 moved again to Wheldrake near York.
Wild’s family next moved to the village of Eversholt in Bedfordshire. Here his father was appointed clerk of the Eversholt Parochial Charity at Woburn. Frank Wild was educated at Bedford. He joined the Merchant Navy in 1889 at the age of 16, receiving his early training in sail in the clipper ship Sobraon. In the Merchant Navy he rose to the rank of Second Officer. In 1900, aged 26, he joined the Royal Navy. The 1901 census shows that at that time he was serving as an Able Seaman aged 27 on HMS Edinburgh, anchored in Sheerness Harbour.
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Frederick Cook
Frederick Albert Cook (June 10, 1865 – August 5, 1940) was an American explorer and physician, noted for his claim of having reached the North Pole on April 21, 1908. This would have been a year before April 6, 1909, the date claimed by Robert Peary.
Cook was born in Brooklyn, in Sullivan County, New York. His parents were Dr. Theodore A. Koch and Magdalena Long, recent German immigrants to the United States.
Cook attended Columbia University, receiving his M.D. in 1890. In 1889 he married Libby Forbes, who died in 1890. On his 37th birthday he married Marie Fidele Hunt; they had one daughter, Helene. In 1923 they were divorced, possibly for financial reasons related to an upcoming fraud trial.
Cook was the surgeon on Robert Peary's 1891–1892 Arctic expedition, and on the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899 led by Adrien de Gerlache. He contributed greatly to saving the lives of the crew when their ship (the Belgica) was ice-bound during the winter. A fellow crew-member was Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, with whom he established a friendship and life-long relationship of mutual respect. In 1898, during this expedition, Cook visited Tierra del Fuego, where he met Thomas Bridges shortly before his death. As a result of that meeting, Cook brought back the manuscript of Bridges' Yamana dictionary, and several years later acquiesced in the attempted publication of the dictionary as his own work.
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Fridtjof Nansen
Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen ( /ˈfrɪd.tʃɒf ˈnænsən/ FRID-choff NAN-sən; 10 October 1861 – 13 May 1930) was a Norwegian explorer, scientist, diplomat, humanitarian and Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In his youth a champion skier and ice skater, he led the team that made the first crossing of the Greenland interior in 1888, and won international fame after reaching a record northern latitude of 86°14′ during his North Pole expedition of 1893–96. Although he retired from exploration after his return to Norway, his techniques of polar travel and his innovations in equipment and clothing influenced a generation of subsequent Arctic and Antarctic expeditions.
Nansen studied zoology at the Royal Frederick University, and later worked as a curator at the Bergen Museum where his research on the central nervous system of lower marine creatures earned him a doctorate and helped establish modern theories of neurology. After 1896 his main scientific interest switched to oceanography; in the course of his research he made many scientific cruises, mainly in the North Atlantic, and contributed to the development of modern oceanographic equipment. As one of his country's leading citizens, in 1905 Nansen spoke out for the ending of Norway's union with Sweden, and was instrumental in persuading Prince Charles of Denmark to accept the throne of the newly independent Norway. Between 1906 and 1908 he served as the Norwegian representative in London, where he helped negotiate the Integrity Treaty that guaranteed Norway's independent status.
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Fyodor Litke
Count Fyodor Petrovich Litke (Russian: Граф Фёдор Петро́вич Ли́тке), born Friedrich Benjamin Lütke, (28 September [O.S. 17 September] 1797 – 28 August [O.S. 17 August] 1882) was a Russian navigator, geographer, and Arctic explorer. He became a count in 1866, and an admiral in 1855. He was a Corresponding Member (1829), Honorable Member (1855), and President (1864) of the Russian Academy of Science in St.Petersburg. He was also an Honorable Member of many other Russian and foreign scientific establishments, and a Corresponding Member of the French Academy of Science in Paris.
Count Fyodor (or Fedor) P. Litke came from a family of Russianized Germans. Count Litke’s grandfather was Johann F. Lütke, a German Lutheran preacher and writer on physical science and theology. In 1745, Johann Lütke went from Germany to Moscow as pastor of a Lutheran parish in order to spread Protestantism to Russia. As a youth, Fyodor attended a Lutheran school and learned German, the language of his ancestors. He remained a practicing Lutheran.
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Fyodor Matisen
Fyodor Andreyevich Matisen (Russian: Фёдор Андреевич Матисен) (June 1 (O.S. May 20), 1872, Saint Petersburg — December 19, 1921, Irkutsk) was a lieutenant of the Russian Imperial Navy, hydrographer, and explorer.
He became the captain of Polar ship Zarya during the last part of Baron Eduard Toll's expedition on behalf of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Russian Polar Expedition (1900–1903). The expedition began with Lieutenant Nikolai Kolomeitsev as commander of the ship. Fyodor Andreyevich Matisen was senior officer and second-in-command. Matisen already had experience in Arctic exploration, for he had previously taken part in an expedition to Svalbard. Alexander Kolchak accompanied the expedition as third naval officer and hydrographer. All these officers were from military background.
During the first wintering of Zarya close to Taymyr Island, the disagreements between Toll and Kolomeitsev became unsurmountable. Finally Eduard Toll sent Kolomeitsev away on a long sledge trip overland with the mission of organizing coal depots for the ship. When the former captain was gone Matisen was appointed by Toll as Zarya's commander.
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Fyodor Matyushkin
Fyodor Fyodorovich Matyushkin (Матюшкин, Федор Федорович in Russian) (7.10(21).1799 — 9.16(28).1872) was a Russian navigator, Admiral (1867), and a close friend of Aleksandr Pushkin.
Matyushkin graduated from Tsarskoselskiy College in 1817. After having volunteered for the navy, he participated in Vassili Golovnin's world cruise on the ship Kamchatka in 1817—1819.
In 1820—1824, Matyushkin took part in Ferdinand Wrangel's Arctic expedition to the East Siberian Sea and the Chukchi Sea. They explored and mapped Chetyrekhstolbovoy Island, the southernmost of the Medvyezhi Islands, then an almost unknown island group. Following this survey Matyushkin explored on his own a vast tundra area east of the Kolyma river and collected valuable ethnographic data.
In 1825—1827, he joined Ferdinand von Wrangel in his world cruise on the ship Krotky. In 1828—1829, Matyushkin took part in the Russo-Turkish war, commanding different military vessels. In 1835, he served in the Black Sea Fleet, in 1850—1851 — in the Baltic Fleet. Starting from 1852, Matyushkin worked in the Department of the Navy as an admiral. In 1858, he was appointed Chairman of the Naval Scientific Committee. In 1861, Matyushkin became a senator.
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Fyodor Minin
Fyodor Alekseyevich Minin (Russian: Федор Алексеевич Минин) (ca. 1709 - after 1742) was a Russian Arctic explorer.
In 1730s, Minin participated in the Second Kamchatka expedition. In 1736, he joined the unit led by Dmitry Ovtsyn. In 1738, he was in charge of a group of explorers, that would chart the Arctic Ocean coastline east of the Yenisei river. In 1738-1740, Minin made an attempt to go around the Taimyr Peninsula from the north and reached 75°15'N. Together with Dmitry Sterlegov, he mapped this part of the Arctic Ocean coastline.
A cape at the Mammoth Peninsula, a peninsula, the Minina Skerries in the Kara Sea, a gulf, and a mountain on the shores of the Taimyr Peninsula bear Minin's name.
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George Back
Admiral Sir George Back FRS (6 November 1796 – 23 June 1878) was a British naval officer, explorer of the Canadian Arctic, naturalist and artist.
Back was born in Stockport. As a boy, he went to sea as a volunteer in the frigate HMS Arethusa in 1808 and took part in the destruction of batteries on the Spanish coast. In the following year, he was involved in fightings in the Bay of Biscay, until he was captured by the French. Back remained a prisoner until the peace of early 1814 and during this time, practised his skills as an artist, which he later put to use in recording his travels through the Arctic.
Following his release, Back served on HMS Akbar and HMS Bulwark as a midshipman before volunteering to serve under John Franklin in his first expedition to the Arctic in 1818. Back also served under Franklin in his two overland expeditions to survey the northern coast of North America, first on the Coppermine Expedition of 1819–1822 - when Back was responsible for all the surveying and chart making - and then a similar expedition by the MacKenzie River in 1824-1826, during which time he was promoted first to lieutenant and then to commander in 1825. Lacking appointment to a ship, Back was unemployed on the half-pay list, from 1827 to 1833. He was appointed to command a search expedition for Sir John Ross, who had been missing in the Arctic since 1829. But in May 1834, news reached Back that Ross was safely back in England, so Back decided to undertake an exploratory mission.
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George Francis Lyon
George Francis Lyon (1795–1832) was a rare combination of Arctic and African explorer. By all accounts a fun loving extrovert, he also managed to be a competent British Naval Officer, Commander, explorer, artist and socialite. While not having a particularly distinguished career, he is remembered for the entertaining journals he kept and for the watercolour paintings he completed in the Arctic.
He was, in 1818, sent with Joseph Ritchie by Sir John Barrow to find the course of the Niger River and the location of Timbuktu. The expedition was underfunded, lacked support and because the ideas of John Barrow departed from Tripoli and thus had to cross the Sahara as part of their journey[clarification needed]. A year later, due to much officialdom they had only got as far as Murzuk where they both fell ill. Ritchie never recovered and died there, but Lyon survived and travelled a little further around the region. Exactly a year to the day he left, he arrived back in Tripoli, the expedition being a complete failure.
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George Nares
Vice-Admiral Sir George Strong Nares KCB FRS (24 April 1831–15 January 1915) was a British naval officer and Arctic explorer. He commanded both the Challenger Expedition and the British Arctic Expedition, and was highly thought of a leader and a scientific explorer. In later life he worked for the Board of Trade and as Acting Conservator of the River Mersey, and died in 1915 aged 83.
He was born on 24 April 1831, the third son and sixth child of Commander William Henry Nares, a British naval officer, and Elizabeth Rebecca Gould, at Llansenseld, near Abergavenny in Monmouthshire. He was baptised at the church of St Bridget, Llansanffraid on 22 May. He married Mary Grant, the eldest daughter of a Portsmouth banker, on 22 June 1858. They had four sons and six daughters. His two youngest sons, George Edward Nares (lieutenant, d. 1905) and John Dodd Nares (vice-admiral, d. 1957) entered the Royal Navy.
He was educated at the Royal Naval School in New Cross, and in 1845 joined the Royal Navy aboard Canopus, an old battleship captured from the French. Following a posting to Havannah on the Australian station in 1848 during which he served as both midshipman and mate, he returned in 1851 and passed his lieutenant's exam in 1852.
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Georgy Baydukov
Georgy Filippovich Baydukov (Russian: Гео́ргий Фили́ппович Байдуко́в; May 13 1907 [O.S. May 26] — December 28, 1994) was a Soviet aircraft test pilot, a Hero of the Soviet Union (1936) and a writer.
Georgy Baydukov had been born in Taryshta railway station (Novosibirsk Oblast, Russia) to a railway worker. He became an orphan in the age of 9 and had been homeless for some time. Baidukov had been taken to orphanage and worked at railway construction for some time.
Georgy Baydukov enlisted into the Red Army in 1926. He graduated Air Force Technical School and Kacha school for the military pilots in 1928 and served as a fighter pilot in 1928-1931.
Georgy Baydukov had been transferred to an Air Force's Testing institute and became an aircraft test pilot in 1931. He tested number of fighter planes in 1931-1934 and had been instrumental in developing instrument flight rules for the USSR's Air Force.
Georgy Baydukov became a student of Air Force Academy in 1934. During that time he became involved with number of ultralong flights conducted by the Soviet Union. He tried to reach North America flying from Russia through the North Pole in August 1935 as a member of Levanevsky's crew, flying the ANT-25. The flight had been terminated because of technical problems. Baydukov continued to participate in ANT-25's testing in 1935-1936.
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Georgy Brusilov
Georgy Lvovich Brusilov (Russian: Георгий Львович Брусилов;Ukrainian: Георгій Львович Брусилів) or Hryhoriy Brusylov (1884 in Mykolaiv, Russian Empire, (today Mykolaiv, Ukraine) – 1914?) was a Ukrainian Russian naval officer of the Imperial Russian Navy and an Arctic explorer. His father, Lev Brusilov, was also a naval officer.
In 1912 Brusilov led a maritime expedition which aimed to explore and map a route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific via a northeast passage, also called the Northern Sea Route. His expedition disappeared almost without a trace, and despite searches its ultimate fate was unknown until 2010.
In 1910–1911, Georgy Brusilov participated in a hydrographic expedition on icebreakers Taymyr and Vaygach, visiting the Chukchi Sea and East Siberian Sea.
In 1912, Brusilov led the Brusilov Expedition on the brig St. Anna, which aimed to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific by the Northern Sea Route. One of the members of the expedition was a 22-year-old nurse, Yerminia Zhdanko, daughter of a general who had been a hero in the Russo-Japanese War. She was the second Russian woman to go to the Arctic.
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Georgy Sedov
Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov (Russian: Георгий Яковлевич Седов) (5 May [O.S. 23 April] 1877 — 5 March [O.S. 20 February ] 1914) was a Russian Arctic explorer.
Born in the village of Krivaya Kosa of Taganrog district (now Novoazovskyi Raion) in a fisherman's family. In 1898, Sedov finished navigation courses in Rostov-on-Don and acquired the rank of long voyage navigator. In 1901, he took an external degree in Naval College, passed all the exams and was promoted to the rank of lieutenant.
In 1902—1903, Sedov participated in a hydrographic expedition in the Arctic Ocean. During the Russo-Japanese War he was in charge of a torpedo boat (1905). In 1909, he led the expedition that would later describe the mouth of the Kolyma river. A year later Sedov explored the Krestovaya Bay on Novaya Zemlya.
In 1912, he suggested a sleigh expedition for reaching the North Pole. The Tsarist government refused to finance this project, and the expedition was organized with the help from independent sources. On August 14(27), 1912, Sedov's ship "Svyatoy Muchenik Foka" (Saint Martyr Foka) left Arkhangelsk and had to stay for the winter near Novaya Zemlya because of impassable ice. The expedition reached Franz Josef Land only in August 1913; however, it had to stay for the second winter in the Tikhaya Bay due to lack of coal.
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Georgy Ushakov
Georgy Alexeyevich Ushakov (Russian: Георгий Алексеевич Ушаков) (January 17(30), 1901 - December 3, 1963) was a Soviet explorer of the Arctic, Doctor of Geographic Sciences (1950).
In 1926, Ushakov founded the first Soviet settlement on the Wrangel Island (today called Ushakovsky) and was its head for three years. In 1930-1932, Ushakov headed the Severnaya Zemlya expedition and established a polar station called Остров Домашний (Domashniy Island).
He and geologist Nikolay Urvantsev were the first ones to explore Severnaya Zemlya and established that it was an archipelago. In 1932-1936, Georgy Ushakov was employed at the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route (Главное Управление Северного Морского Пути).
In 1929 and 1930 the icebreaker Sedov carried groups of scientists to Franz Josef Land and also to Severnaya Zemlya, the last major piece of unsurveyed territory in the Soviet Arctic. This archipelago was completely mapped under Ushakov between 1930 and 1932. This voyage allowed to obliterate enormous "white spaces" on the Arctic map.
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Gerald Ketchum
Commander Gerald L. Ketchum (5 December 1908 – 22 August 1992) of the United States Navy commanded the icebreaker USS Burton Island (AG-88) in Task Group 68.2 during Operation Highjump, The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program 1946–1947; also known as the Fourth Byrd Anatarctic Expedition.
He was also Commander of "Task Force 39" consisting of 500 men for Operation Windmill, an Antarctic expedition in 1947–1948.
He was born in Bellingham, Washington and died in Plano, Texas.
Ketchum Ridge in Antarctica is named after him.
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Godske Lindenov
Godske Christoffersen Lindenov or Lindenow (d. 1612 Copenhagen) was a Danish naval officer and Arctic explorer. He is most noted for his role in King Christian IV's expeditions to Greenland.
He was of the noble family Lindenov of Lindersvold, son of Christoffer Clausen Lindenov (d. 1593) and Sophie Hartvigsdatter Plessen. Godske Lindenov was part of the escort of Prince Hans, son of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway, on his fatal 1602 journey to Moscow to marry Xenia, daughter of the tsar Boris Godunov.
Lindenov joined the Danish Royal Navy in 1605 and was the same year sent on the Hans Køning Expedition to Southern Greenland led by John Cunningham to assert Danish sovereignty. Lindenov was given command of the vessel Den Røde Løve ("Red Lion"). Lindenov landed near Atammik and brought two inuit back to Copenhagen. In the following year, Christian IV of Denmark sent him on a new expedition to Greenland with James Hall as a pilot. Five ships were sent: Trost ("Consolation", his flagship), Den Røde Løve (commanded by John Cunningham), Katten ("Cat", commanded by Anders Nolk), Ørnen ("Eagle", commanded by Hans Bruun) and the ex-Scottish Gilliflower (also called variously the Gillibrand, the Giltbert, and the Angelibrand, commanded by Carsten Richardson). The expedition landed in Southwest Greenland and searched for silver ore, which was not found.
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Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
Gunnbjørn Ulfsson (Norwegian, lived circa 10th century), name also given as Gunnbjørn Ulf-Krakuson, was the first European to sight North America.
Gunnbjørn was blown off course while sailing from Norway to Iceland. He and his crew sighted islands (Gunnbjörn's skerries) lying close off the coast of Greenland, and reported this find. Gunnbjørn did not land.
Greenland is physically and culturally part of North America; it is separated from Ellesmere Island by only a narrow strait, so this constitutes the first definitively established European contact with North America.
The exact date of this event is not recorded in the sagas. Various sources cite dates ranging from 876 to 932, but these must remain little more than guesses; but the early 10th century is probably more likely than earlier.
The first purposeful visit to Gunnbjørn's islands was by Snæbjörn Galti around 978, followed soon after by Eric the Red who also explored the main island of Greenland, and soon established a settlement. But neither Snaebjørn nor Eric were sailing blind; they knew well of the location reported by Gunnbjørn Ulfsson.
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Hans Egede
Hans Poulsen Egede (January 31, 1686 – November 5, 1758) was a Norwegian-Danish Lutheran missionary who launched mission efforts to Greenland, which led him to be styled the Apostle of Greenland. He established a successful mission among the Inuit and is credited with revitalizing Dano-Norwegian interest in the island after contact had been broken for hundreds of years. He founded Greenland's capital Godthåb, now known as Nuuk.
Hans Egede was born into the home of a civil servant on Hinnøya, in Harstad, Norway, several hundreds of miles north of the Arctic Circle. His paternal grandfather had been a vicar priest in Vester Egede on southern Zealand, Denmark. Hans was schooled by an uncle, a clergyman in a local Lutheran Church. In 1704 he traveled to Copenhagen to enter the University of Copenhagen, where he earned a Bachelor's degree in Theology. He returned to Hinnøya after graduation, and in April 1707 he was ordained and assigned to a parish on the equally remote archipelago of Lofoten. Also in 1707 he married Gertrud Rasch (or Rask), who was 13 years his senior. Four children were born to the marriage - two boys and two girls.
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Harald V of Norway
Harald V (born 21 February 1937) is the King of Norway. He succeeded to the throne of Norway upon the death of his father Olaf V on 17 January 1991. The son of the then-Crown Prince Olaf and of Princess Märtha of Sweden, Harald was born at the Crown Prince Residence at Skaugum, Akershus, Norway.
A member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, originally from Northern Germany, Harald became the first Norwegian-born prince since Olaf IV, who was born in 1370. Harald V is the formal head of the Church of Norway and the Norwegian Armed Forces. He has two children, Crown Prince Haakon and Princess Märtha Louise. His grandchildren are Maud Angelica (2003), Leah Isadora (2005), Emma Tallulah (2008), Princess Ingrid Alexandra (2004), and Prince Sverre Magnus (2005).
Harald has two older sisters: Princess Ragnhild of Norway, Mrs. Lorentzen (Ragnhild Alexandra, born Oslo, 9 June 1930), who lives in Brazil, and Princess Astrid of Norway, Mrs. Ferner (Astrid Maud Ingeborg, born Oslo, 12 February 1932), who lives in Oslo.
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Helmer Hanssen
Helmer Julius Hanssen (24 September 1870 – 2 August 1956) was a Norwegian polar explorer, and one of the first five to reach the South Pole on the expedition of Roald Amundsen.
Helmer Hanssen was born in Bjørnskinn, on the island of Andøya in the northern part of Norway. He was an experienced ice pilot, a skill he had learned while hunting seals around Spitsbergen.
From 1903 to 1905 Helmer Hanssen participated in Roald Amundsen's successful search for the Northwest Passage, as second mate on board the ship Gjøa. On the expedition he learned from the Inuit how to drive sled dogs. In 1910 he headed south with Amundsen to conquer the South Pole. This time as an expert dog driver. He was also in charge of navigation, carrying the master compass on his sledge.
He was one of the first five people to reach the South Pole on 14 December 1911, along with Roald Amundsen, Olav Bjaaland, Oscar Wisting, and Sverre Hassel. During their stay at the South Pole, it is believed that Hanssen passed within 200 yards (180 meters) of the mathematical South Pole point. This was during one of his ski runs which Amundsen had ordered be performed to completely encircle or "box" the pole to ensure that there was no doubt that the expedition had attained the pole. For his participation in the expedition, he was awarded the Medal of the South Pole (Sydpolsmedaljen), the Royal Norwegian award instituted by King Haakon V in 1912 to reward participants in Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition.
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Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson (c. 1560s/70s – 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator in the early 17th century.
Hudson made two attempts on behalf of English merchants to find a prospective Northwest Passage to Cathay (today's China) via a route above the Arctic Circle. Hudson explored the region around modern New York metropolitan area while looking for a western route to Asia under the auspices of the Dutch East India Company. He explored the river which eventually was named for him, and laid thereby the foundation for Dutch colonization of the region.
Hudson discovered a strait and immense bay on his final expedition while searching for the Northwest Passage. In 1611, after wintering on the shore of James Bay, Hudson wanted to press on to the west, but most of his crew mutinied. The mutineers cast Hudson, his son and 7 others adrift; the Hudsons, and those cast off at their side, were never seen again.
Details of Hudson’s birth and early life are mostly unknown. Some sources have identified Hudson as having been born in about 1565, but others date his birth to around 1570. Other historians assert even less certainty; Mancall, for instance, states that '[Hudson] was probably born in the 1560s,” while Pennington gives no date at all. Hudson is thought[by whom?] to have spent many years at sea, beginning as a cabin boy and gradually working his way up to ship's captain.
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Henry Kellett
Vice Admiral Sir Henry Kellett KCB (2 November 1806 – 1 March 1875) was a British naval officer and explorer.
Kellett joined the Royal Navy in 1822. He spent three years in the West Indies and then served on survey vessels under William Fitzwilliam Owen in Africa, and as second in command on HMS Sulphur under Edward Belcher in the East Indies and in the First Opium War with China.
In 1845 he was appointed captain of the survey ship HMS Herald, being reassigned in 1848 to join the search for Sir John Franklin. During this voyage he sailed through the Bering Strait across the Chukchi Sea and discovered Herald Island. Kellett landed on Herald Island and named it after his ship. He also sighted Wrangel Island in the western horizon. In 1852, he commanded HMS Resolute and went to the aid of Robert McClure, whose vessel, Investigator, was trapped in the Arctic. His men constructed a storehouse on Dealy Island off the south coast of Melville Island.
He became Senior Officer in the West Indies in 1855 and Commander-in-Chief, China Station in 1869. He retired in 1871.
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Henryk Arctowski
Henryk Arctowski (1871–1958; Polish pronunciation: [ˈxɛnrɨk art͡sˈtɔfskʲi]) was a Polish scientist, oceanographer and Antarctica's explorer.
Henryk Arctowski, PhD, was born in Warsaw on 15 July 1871, and educated in Paris, Liege, Zurich and Lemberg. He was in charge of physical observations on the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (the Belgica Expedition) of 1897–1899. This was the first expedition to spend the winter in the Antarctic. Shipmates included Roald Amundsen and Frederick A. Cook. Arctowski joined The Explorers Club in New York in 1920.
His name has been given to a phenomenon in which a halo resembling a rainbow, with two other partial arcs symmetrical to the main one, forms around the sun as light is refracted through ice crystals in the atmosphere.
In recognition of his work and his contribution to science, his name has been given to a number of geographical features:
In Antarctica:
In Spitsbergen:
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Hjalmar Johansen
Fredrik Hjalmar Johansen (May 15, 1867 – January 3, 1913) was a polar explorer from Norway. He shipped out with Fridtjof Nansen's Fram expedition in 1893–1896, and accompanied Nansen to notch a new Farthest North record near the North Pole on what was then the frozen Arctic Ocean. Johansen also participated in the expedition of Roald Amundsen to the South Pole in 1910–1912.
Born in Skien, in Telemark county, Norway. He was the second eldest son in a Christian family of five children. His father was a farmer and was also keen for Johansen to attend a military academy, although Johansen had ambitions to become a lawyer and attended Royal Frederik’s University, to study law in Christiania (now Oslo). However, he performed poorly at law school, due to a low attendance of lectures. At the age of 21, Johansen's father died, prompting him to leave law school. After dropping out of school, Hjalmar briefly worked in an office job, however, by that time he had already made his mark as an athlete; he was an excellent skier and gymnast. In gymnastics he became Norwegian champion in 1885 in Fredrikshald and world champion in 1889 in Paris.
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Hubert Wilkins
Sir (George) Hubert Wilkins MC & Bar (31 October 1888 – 30 November 1958) was an Australian polar explorer, ornithologist, pilot, soldier, geographer and photographer.
Hubert Wilkins was a native of Hallett, South Australia, the last of 13 children in a family of pioneer settlers and sheep farmers. His birthplace at Netfield, 13 km west of Hallett (150 km North of Adelaide) is today an historic site. The original homestead has been restored by generous donation. He studied at the Adelaide School of Mines. As a teenager, he moved to Adelaide where he found work with a traveling cinema, to Sydney as a cinematographer, and thence to England where he became a pioneering aerial photographer whilst working for Gaumont Studios. His photographic skill earned him a place on various Arctic expeditions, including the controversial 1913 Vilhjalmur Stefansson-led Cana
In 1917, Wilkins returned to his native Australia, joining the Australian Flying Corps in the rank of Second Lieutenant. Wilkins later transferred to the general list and in 1918 was appointed as an official war photographer. In June 1918 Wilkins was awarded the Military Cross for his efforts to rescue wounded soldiers during the Third Battle of Ypres. The following month Wilkins was promoted to Captain and became officer commanding No.3 (Photographic) Sub-section of the Australian war records unit. His work frequently led him into the thick of the fighting and during the Battle of the Hindenburg Line he assumed command of a group of American soldiers who had lost their officers in an earlier attack, directing them until support arrived. Wilkins was subsequently awarded a bar to his Military Cross.
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Hugh Willoughby
Sir Hugh Willoughby of Risley, Derbyshire (died 1554) was an early English Arctic voyager. He was sent out on 10 May 1553, as captain of the Bona Esperanza with two other vessels under his command and with chief pilot Richard Chancellor, by a company of London merchants known as the Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands, which later became the Muscovy Company.
The vessels were separated by "terrible whirlwinds" in the Norwegian Sea. On 14 September 1553 Willoughby sailed into a bay near the present border between Finland and Russia. The ships with the frozen crews, including Captain Willoughby and his journal, were found by Russian fishermen a year later. It has also been suggested that Sir Hugh Willoughby and his crew were killed by carbon monoxide poisoning, following their decision to insulate their ship from the bitter Arctic cold.
Richard Chancellor was able to drop anchor in the White Sea and trudge his way overland to Moscow and Ivan the Terrible's Court, opening trade with Russia.
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Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583) of Devon in England was a half-brother (through his mother) of Sir Walter Raleigh.Adventurer, explorer, member of parliament, and soldier, he served during the reign of Queen Elizabeth and was a pioneer of English colonization in North America and the Plantations of Ireland.
Gilbert was the fifth son born to Otho Gilbert of Compton and Greenway, Galmpton, Devon, by his marriage to Katherine Champernowne. His brothers Sir John Gilbert and Adrian Gilbert, and his half brothers Carew Raleigh and Sir Walter Raleigh, were also prominent during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and King James. Katherine was a niece of Kat Ashley, Elizabeth's governess, who introduced her young kinsmen to the court. Gilbert's uncle, Sir Arthur Champernowne, involved him in efforts to establish plantations in Ireland between 1566 and 1572.
Sir Henry Sidney became Gilbert's mentor, and he was educated at Eton and the University of Oxford, where he learned to speak French and Spanish and studied the arts of war and navigation. He went on to reside at the Inns of Chancery in London in about 1560–1561.
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Ilya Perfilyev
Ilya Perfilyev (Perfiryev) (Russian: Илья Перфильев (Перфирьев)), was a Russian explorer, polar seafarer and a founder of Verkhoyansk. In the summer of 1633 he headed a group, consisted of merchant-and-industrial people and Yenisey and Tobolsk Cossacks. In 1634 he discovered the Yana River and the Yana-Indigirka lowland.
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Ingólfr Arnarson
Ingólfr Arnarson (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈiŋkoul̥fʏr̥ ˈar̥tn̥ar̥sɔn]) is recognized as the first permanent Nordic settler of Iceland. According to Landnáma he built his homestead in (and gave name to) Reykjavík in 874. Although recent archaeological finds in Iceland suggest settlement may have started a little earlier, the date is probably not too far off.
The medieval chronicler Ari Thorgilsson said Ingólfr was the first Nordic settler in Iceland, but mentioned that "Papar" – i.e. Irish monks and hermits – had been in the country before the Norsemen. He wrote that they left because they did not want to live amongst the newly arrived pagans.
Landnáma (written two to three centuries after the settlement) contains a long story about Ingólf's settlement. The book claims he left Norway after becoming involved in a blood feud. He had heard about a new island which Garðarr Svavarsson, Flóki Vilgerðarson and others had found in the Atlantic Ocean. With his close friend Hjörleifr Hróðmarsson, he sailed for Iceland. When land was in sight, he threw his high seat pillars (a sign of his being a chieftain) overboard and promised to settle where the gods decided to bring them ashore. Two of his slaves then searched the coasts for three years before finding the pillars in the small bay which eventually became Reykjavík.
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Isaac Israel Hayes
Isaac Israel Hayes (March 5, 1832 – December 17, 1881) was an Arctic explorer and physician.
Hayes was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania. After completing his medical studies at the University of Pennsylvania, Hayes signed on as ship's surgeon for an 1853-5 expedition led by Elisha Kent Kane to search for John Franklin. His 1854 exploration of the east coast of Ellesmere Island north of 79° North resulted in new and accurately mapped geographical discoveries. Hayes was apparently the first non-aboriginal explorer of Ellesmere.
Hayes led his own expedition 1860-1 which claimed to have reached the farthest north land ever, on the Ellesmere Island coast at 81°35' North, 70°30' West. It was later found that this position is deep within Ellesmere, not on the coast, and that Hayes's resulting map of Ellesmere north of 80° North was erroneous, possibly because he had represented seriously non-noon sextant observations of the Sun as having been taken at noon, but more likely due to his having deliberately inverted the 2nd digit in his report of his farthest's lone lower limb sextant double altitude of the sun, to read 56°52′ instead of the true observation 59°52′. It is hard to explain how else he could have produced a latitude too high by one and a half degrees in tandem with an exactly correct longitude.
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Isaac Schlossbach
Ike Schlossbach was a celebrated American polar explorer, submariner and aviation pioneer.
He was born in Bradley Beach, New Jersey and raised in Neptune Township, New Jersey where he attended Neptune High School.
In 1911 Schlossbach became the first Jewish midshipman at the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, winning letters in football and wrestling. He graduated from the Naval Academy in 1915 and volunteered to go to the first submarine school. During World War I he commanded subs in the Mediterranean. In 1921, after World War I, Ike joined the aviation branch of the United States Navy. Ike was first sent to lighter than air flying school (dirigibles). In 1922 he learned to fly fixed wing aircraft. By 1925, then Lieutenant Commander, Schlossbach was leading an aero squadron. First the squadron that flew the record South American flight, and then the first squadron to serve on the first aircraft carrier, the Langley.
Schlossbach had trouble with his left eye, and the Navy assigned him to the Naval Academy, teaching engineering, aviation and coaching the football team. In 1930 at the age of 38, Lieutenant Commander Schlossbach was forced to retire (medically discharged) from the Navy when he lost his eye.
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Ivan Lyakhov
Ivan Lyakhov (Russian: Иван Ляхов), died around 1800, was a Russian merchant who explored large sections of the New Siberian Islands in the 18th century.
Lyakhov began his explorations in the spring of 1770 on dogsleds in order to explore the islands off the northern Siberian coast reported by Yakov Permyakov and Merkury Vagin in 1710. In this journey he visited the southern section of the New Siberian Islands. Lyakhov's intentions were mainly commercial, for he hoped to find mammoth ivory. His theory was that both the islands he explored, and which were later named after him Lyakhov Islands, and those he sighted in the distance but was not able to explore, were mainly formed by a substratum of bones and tusks of mammoths.
Lyakhov went on another exploratory venture to the New Siberian Islands in 1773-1774. He visited again the Lyakhov Islands, crossed the Sannikov Strait and discovered Kotelny Island.
Lyakhov undertook his last expedition in 1775. This time there was a scientific background to his explorations, for he brought along with him a land surveyor. During this journey Great Lyakhovsky Island (Большой Ляховский) was thoroughly surveyed and described.
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Ivan Papanin
Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin (Russian: Иван Дмитриевич Папанин, 26 November [O.S. 14 November] 1894 - January 30, 1986) was a Russian Polar Explorer, Scientist, Counter Admiral, twice Hero of the Soviet Union awarded nine Orders of Lenin
Ivan was born in Sevastopol (currently Ukraine) into the family of a sailor. In 1914 he was conscripted into the Russian Navy. He took part in the Russian Civil War on the Soviet side, fighting in Ukraine. In 1920 he was sent to the Crimea to organize a guerilla movement against the forces of Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel.
In 1923-1932 he worked for Narkomat of Communications. In 1931 he took part in the expedition of the icebreaker Malygin to Franz Josef Land. In 1932-1933 he was the head of a polar expedition on Tikhaya Bay on Franz Josef Land. In 1934-1935 he was in command of a polar station on Cape Chelyuskin.
In 1937-1938 he was in charge of the famous expedition North Pole-1. Four researchers: Ivan Papanin, Ernst Krenkel, Evgeny Fedorov and Petr Shirshov landed on the drifting ice-floes in an airplane flown by Mikhail Vodopyanov. For 234 days, Papanin's team carried out a wide range of scientific observations in the near-polar zone, until taken back by the two icebreakers "Murman" and "Taimyr". It was the first expedition of its kind in the world. All members of the expedition received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was extremely rare before World War II.
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James Booth Lockwood
James Booth Lockwood (October 9, 1852 − April 9, 1884), was an American arctic explorer. He died on the ill-fated Lady Franklin Bay Expedition.
Lockwood was born in Annapolis, Maryland to General Henry Hayes Lockwood and his wife Anna. He was commissioned second lieutenant in the US Army in 1873. In 1881, Lockwood signed up for the Lady Franklin Bay Expedition under Adolphus W. Greely, and was accepted as second-in-command.
During this three-year expedition, Lockwood led a sledging party, with David Legge Brainard, to Mary Murray Island, off northern Greenland, at a latitude of 83°24'30", thus breaking the record of the time for the most northerly point reached. In 1883, he crossed Grant Land, reaching the western shore of Ellesmere Island. He died at Cape Sabine, Canada, in April 1884, along with several other members of the party, before rescue arrived on June 22 that year.
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James Clark Ross
Sir James Clark Ross (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862), was a British naval officer and explorer. He explored the Arctic with his uncle Sir John Ross and Sir William Parry, and later led his own expedition to Antarctica.
Ross was born in London, the nephew of Sir John Ross, under whom he entered the navy in 1812, accompanying him on Sir John's first Arctic voyage in search of a Northwest Passage in 1818. Between 1819 and 1827, Ross took part in four Arctic expeditions under Sir William Parry, and in 1829 to 1833, again served under his uncle on Sir John's second Arctic voyage. It was during this trip that they located the position of the North Magnetic Pole on 1 June 1831 on the Boothia Peninsula in the far north of Canada. It was on this trip, too, that Ross charted the Beaufort Islands, later renamed Clarence Islands by his uncle.
In 1834, Ross was promoted to Captain. In December 1835 he offered his services to the Admiralty to resupply 11 whaling ships which had become trapped in Baffin Bay. They accepted his offer and he set sail in the HMS Cove in January 1836. The crossing was difficult, and by the time he had reached the last known position of the whalers in June, all but one had managed to return home. Ross found no trace of this last vessel, the William Torr, which was probably crushed in the ice in December 1835. He returned to Hull in September 1836 with all his crew in good health.
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James Cook
Captain James Cook, FRS, RN (7 November 1728 – 14 February 1779) was a British explorer, navigator and cartographer who ultimately rose to the rank of captain in the Royal Navy. Cook made detailed maps of Newfoundland prior to making three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, during which he achieved the first European contact with the eastern coastline of Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, as well as the first recorded circumnavigation of New Zealand.
Cook joined the British merchant navy as a teenager and joined the Royal Navy in 1755. He saw action in the Seven Years' War, and subsequently surveyed and mapped much of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River during the siege of Quebec. This helped bring Cook to the attention of the Admiralty and Royal Society. This notice came at a crucial moment in both Cook's career and the direction of British overseas exploration, and led to his commission in 1766 as commander of HM Bark Endeavour for the first of three Pacific voyages.
In three voyages Cook sailed thousands of miles across largely uncharted areas of the globe. He mapped lands from New Zealand to Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean in greater detail and on a scale not previously achieved. As he progressed on his voyages of discovery he surveyed and named features, and recorded islands and coastlines on European maps for the first time. He displayed a combination of seamanship, superior surveying and cartographic skills, physical courage and an ability to lead men in adverse conditions.
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James Weddell
James Weddell (Ostend, August 24, 1787 – September 9, 1834) was a British sailor, navigator and seal hunter who in the early Spring of 1823 sailed to latitude of 74°15' S (a record 7.69 degrees or 532 statute miles south of the Antarctic Circle) and into a region of the Southern Ocean that later became known as the Weddell Sea.
He entered the merchant service very early in his life and was apparently bound to the master of a Newcastle collier (a coal transport vessel) for some years. About 1805 he shipped on board a merchantman trading to the West Indies, making several voyages there. James Weddell's father married Sarah Pease.
He was aboard the Hope when in 1813 in the English Channel she captured the True Blooded Yankee, an American privateer. With the end of the Napoleonic War he was laid off on half pay in February 1816, and for a while resumed merchant voyages to the West Indies. In 1820 he volunteered for service in the Royal Navy and subsequently served on several ships.
In 1819 Weddell was introduced to James Strachan, a shipbuilder of Leith, who together with James Mitchell, a London insurance broker, owned the 160-ton brig Jane, an American-built ship taken during the war of 1812 and re-fitted for sealing. News of the discovery of the South Shetland Islands had just broken, and Weddell suggested that fortunes might be made in the new sealing grounds. His first voyage as the captain of the Jane took him to the Falkland Islands and further south. He returned with the holds full, and the voyage was so profitable, that Strachan and Mitchell had a second ship, the Beaufoy, built.
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Jameson Adams
Sir Jameson Adams (1880–1962) was an Antarctic explorer with the Nimrod Expedition, the first expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in an unsuccessful attempt to reach the South Pole. Nevertheless, he was one of the party of four who reached the Polar Plateau for the first time ever, thus showing the way to the Pole. On 9 January 1909 they attained a Furthest South of 88°23′S 162°00′E / 88.383°S 162°E / -88.383; 162, just 97 miles (156 km) from the South Pole, when they were forced by impending starvation to turn back.
Born in Rippingdale, Lincolnshire, the son of a doctor and the grandson of a captain in the Indian Navy, he ran away from school to enter the merchant navy at the age of 13. In 1902 he became a sub-lieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve, and on reaching the rank of Lieutenant he was one of the last to gain a Master Mariner's certificate under sail. But he gave up a promising career to join Ernest Shackleton as the second-in-command of the Nimrod Expedition.
On his return from the Antarctic in 1909, he entered the Civil Service, where a year later he was appointed head of the North-Eastern Division of the Employment Exchanges. Recalled to the Navy on the outbreak of the First World War, he became Flag Lieutenant to Admiral Hood commanding the Dover Patrol. Then, after a period of special work at the Ministry of Munitions, he was posted to Flanders to command a battery of naval siege guns. A bad wound in the head necessitated his return in 1917, and he was awarded the DSO and the Croix de Guerre for his services.
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Jan Nagórski
Jan Nagórski (1888–1976), also known by his Russified name of Ivan Nagurski (Иван Нагурский) was a Polish engineer and pioneer of aviation, the first person to fly an airplane in the Arctic and the first aviator to perform a loop with a flying boat.
Jan Nagórski was born on January 27, 1888 in Włocławek, then part of the Imperial Russia. He completed a local trade school and in 1909 graduated from an infantry junker school in Odessa and the All-Russian Aeroclub in 1912. The following year he accomplished his training at the Naval Engineering School in Gatchina near St. Petersburg where he earned his wings. He was among the first pilots of the Imperial Russian Navy. In 1914 Nagórski was tasked with the difficult mission of locating the expedition of Georgy Sedov, Georgy Brusilov, and Vladimir Rusanov in the Russian Arctic. In a Maurice Farman MF11 plane, specially purchased for that purpose in France, Nagórski embarked on a ship in Arkhangelsk and arrived to Novaya Zemlya, whence he initiated a series of reconnaissance flights in difficult Arctic conditions. Between August 21 and September 13, 1914, he flew five missions, spending more than ten hours in the air and travelling more than a thousand kilometres over land and the Barents Sea. During the last flight he reached the 76th parallel north. Nagórski failed to find Sedov's expedition, but he gained valuable experience as the first polar aviator in history. His report to the Admiralty prepared after his return, as well as a report of Nagórski's achievements by Admiral Mikhail Zhdanko, included a number of suggestions that would prove invaluable to every polar aviator. Among them was the idea of painting red all the planes operating in the Arctic, to make them more visible. His achievements proved that the North Pole could be reached by airplane.
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Jens Munk
Jens Munk (3 June or July 1579 – 28 June 1628) was a Dano-Norwegian navigator and explorer who was born in Norway where his father, Erik Munk, had received several fiefs for his achievements in the Northern Seven Years' War. He returned to Denmark at the age of eight. He entered into the service of King Christian IV and is most noted for his attempts to find the Northwest Passage to India.
Jens Munk was born on his father's estate Barbu at Arendal in the county of Aust-Agder. The father had an infamous reputation for his brutal rule over his estates which led to several trials, and in 1585 he was deposed and imprisoned at Dragsholm Castle. After that, at the age of eight, Jens Munk travelled to Aalborg in Denmark with his mother who became a housekeeper in the home of her husband's sister who was married to the city's mayor.
In 1591, at the age of twelve, Munk went to Oporto in Portugal where he worked for the shipping magnat Duart Duez. The following year he sailed with a Dutch convoy to Bahia in Brazil. Off the Brazilian coast the convoy was attacked by French pirates. Munk was among the seven survivors. Munk lived in Bahia (today's Salvador) for six years, where he was in the service of Duart Duez' brother, Miguel. Under dramatic circumstances Munk returned to Europe and Copenhagen in 1599, where the Danish magnat and Lord Chancellor Henrik Ramel hired him as ship clerk.
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John Cabot
John Cabot (known in Italian as Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 – c. 1499) was an Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of parts of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England is commonly held to have been the first European encounter with the continent of North America since the Norse Vikings visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. The official position of the Canadian and United Kingdom governments is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland.
Cabot's birthplace is in Italy. In Italy he is known today as Giovanni Caboto, in England as John Cabot, in France as Jean Cabot, and in Spain as Juan Caboto. The non-Italian forms reflect references to him in the related 15th-century documents. Only one set of documents has been found bearing his signature. These are Venetian testamentary documents of 1484, on which he signed as "Zuan Chabotto", Zuan being a form of John typical to Venice. That he continued to use this form in England, at least among Italians, is supported by two letters referring to him that were written by others in London in 1497. One, from a London-based Venetian, gives Cabot's first name as Zuam. Another, from the Milanese Ambassador, spells his name Zoane. In a document identified in October 2010, he is described by his Italian banker in London as 'Giovanni Chabbote', this being the only known contemporary document to use this version of his first name.
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John Franklin
Rear-Admiral Sir John Franklin KCH FRGS RN (16 April 1786 – 11 June 1847) was a British Royal Navy officer and Arctic explorer. Franklin also served as governor of Tasmania for several years. In his last expedition, he disappeared while attempting to chart and navigate a section of the Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic. The entire crew perished from starvation, hypothermia, tuberculosis, lead poisoning and scurvy, and the expedition's icebound ships were abandoned in desperation.[citation needed]
Franklin was born in Spilsby, Lincolnshire, in 1786 and educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth. John Franklin was the ninth of twelve children. One of his sisters was the mother of Emily Tennyson. Franklin's father initially opposed his son's interest in a career at sea. However, Franklin was determined and his father reluctantly allowed him to go on a trial voyage with a merchant ship. This hardened young Franklin's resolve, so at the age of 14 his father secured him a Royal Navy appointment on HMS Polyphemus. Franklin was later present at a number of historic voyages and naval battles. These included the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801, an expedition to explore the coast of Australia on HMS Investigator with his uncle, Captain Matthew Flinders, a return to the Napoleonic Wars, serving aboard HMS Bellerophon at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805, and he was at the Battle of New Orleans.
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Jonas Poole
Jonas Poole (bap. 1566 – 1612) was an early 17th century English explorer, sealer, and whaler. Although Henry Hudson has often been dubbed the "father of English whaling," Poole, who's 1610 voyage led to the establishment of the English whaling trade, deserves the title.
He served aboard vessels sent by the Muscovy Company on sealing voyages to Bear Island in 1604, 1605, 1606, 1608, and 1609. In 1607 he was among the sailors sent to the New World to establish Jamestown, in particular being one of the two dozen colonists led by Captain Christopher Newport that explored the upper James River in a pinnace as far as the falls near present day Richmond, Virginia in late May of that year. In 1606 he was given command of a 20-ton pinnace. In 1608 he piloted the ship Paul, and in 1609 he was master of the ship Lioness.
In 1610 Poole was again sent to Bear Island to hunt walrus, as well as search for a passage towards the North Pole. He was given command of the 70-ton Amity, with a crew of fourteen men and a boy. He bypassed Bear Island altogether, sailing straight for Spitsbergen. While Barentsz had only spent a few weeks exploring Spitsbergen and Hudson less than a month, Poole spent nearly three months (May-August) exploring the west coast and hunting walrus, polar bear, and reindeer there. On 6 May he came within sight of a mountain on the south coast of Spitsbergen, which he named Muscovy Company’s Mount (modern Hornsundtind). He sailed north and sent a skiff into a small fjord. They returned with a piece of reindeer horn, resulting in Poole giving the fjord the name Horn Sound (Hornsund).
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Joris Carolus
Joris Carolus (ca. 1566, Enkhuizen - ca. 1636, Amsterdam? ) was a Dutch cartographer and explorer. He served for both the Noordsche Compagnie and the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company).
Carolus apparently was a native of Enkhuizen. After he lost a leg at the Siege of Ostend (1601-04) he turned to the art of navigation and became a pilot (Stierman). In 1614 he was pilot of the Enkhuizen ship den Orangienboom (“Orange Tree”), under Jacob de Gouwenaer, one of the two ships sent by the whaling company Noordsche Compagnie on a voyage of discovery. Carolus claimed to have reached 83° N, but this would have been impossible given the ice conditions described by Robert Fotherby, who was also on a voyage of discovery in the ship Thomasine, sent by the rival Muscovy Company of England. According to Fotherby—who saw the Dutch ships riding off Amsterdam Island on July 6/16, "ready for the first opportunity to discover", and on August 9/19 "two ships of the Hollanders, that were appointed for northern discovery, were seene thwart of Faire Haven, sayling to the southwards"— the ice was packed along the northern coast of Spitsbergen. Even in shallops the English were only able to go as far north as Castlins Point (modern Gråhuken, at 79° 48’N).
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Joseph Billings
Joseph Billings (c. 1758 - 1806) was an English navigator and explorer who spent the most significant part of his life in Russian service.
In 1785, the Russian government of Catherine II commissioned a new expedition in search for the Northeast Passage, led by English officer Joseph Billings, who had previously sailed with Captain Cook, and the Russian officer Gavril Sarychev as his deputy. This enterprise operated till 1795.
Though considered a failure by some scholars because the expenditures outweighed the results, it nevertheless had a substantial record of achievement. Accurate maps were made of the Chukchi Peninsula in Eastern Siberia, the west coast of Alaska, and the Aleutian Islands. Members of the expedition landed on Kodiak Island and made an examination of the islands and mainlands of Prince William Sound. Additionally, the expedition compiled a census of the native population of the Aleutian Islands and reported to the crown stories of abuse by the Russian fur traders (promyshlenniki).
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Joseph René Bellot
Joseph René Bellot (March 18, 1826 – August 18, 1853) was a French Arctic explorer.
Bellot was born at Paris, the son of a farrier, but moved to Rochefort with his family in 1831. With the aid of the authorities of Rochefort he was enabled at the age of 15 to enter the Ecole Navale at Brest, in which he studied two years and earned a high reputation. He then took part in the Anglo-French expedition of 1845 to Madagascar, and received the cross of the Legion of Honour for distinguished conduct. He afterwards took part in another Anglo-French expedition, that of Parana to South America, which opened the Río de la Plata to commerce.
In 1851 he joined the Arctic expedition under the command of Captain William Kennedy in search of Sir John Franklin. (To harden himself for the Arctic winters, Bellot is said to have allowed himself only a thin mattress and one blanket on bare boards. When he met his first Eskimos he endeared himself to them by constructing an artificial leg for a man who was disabled).
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Julius von Payer
Julius Johannes Ludovicus Ritter von Payer (2 September 1841 – 19 August 1915) was an Austro-Hungarian arctic explorer and an Arctic landscape artist.
Born Julius Payer, his father Franz Anton Rudolf Payer was a retired officer who died when Julius was only fourteen. Payer attended k.k. cadet school in Łobzów near Kraków (now Poland). Between 1857 and 1859 he studied at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt (near Vienna). In 1859 he served as a sub-lieutenant with the 36th infantry regiment in Verona, Northern Italy. He participated in the 1859 Battle of Solferino. Between 1860 and 1863 he served at the garrison in Verona, Italy. In 1863 Payer was assigned as a history teacher to the cadet school in Eisenstadt, Austria. After promotion to the rank of lieutenant first class he was posted to the garrison of Venetia.
In 1862 he started exploratory tours of the Italian Alps and Hohe Tauern in his free time. From 1864-1868 he explored the Adamello-Presanella Group and the Ortler Alps. He was the first to climb Adamello (3554m). His tours resulted in creating a detailed topographical map at a scale 1:56,000. Due to his achievements, Payer was transferred to the Austrian Military Cartographical Institute in Vienna.
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Karl Weyprecht
Karl Weyprecht, also spelt Carl Weyprecht, (8 September 1838 – 2 March 1881) was an Austro-Hungarian explorer. He was an officer (k.u.k. Linienschiffsleutnant) in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. He is most famous as an Arctic explorer, and an advocate of international cooperation for scientific polar exploration. Although he did not live to see it occur, he is associated with the organisation of the first International Polar Year.
In 1856, he joined the Austro-Hungarian Navy (Kriegsmarine) as a provisional sea cadet. He served in the Austro-Sardinian War. From 1860 to 1862, he served on the frigate Radetzky under the command of Admiral Tegetthoff. From 1863 to 1865, he was instructional officer on the training ship Hussar.
On 23 July 1865, he became known to the German geographer August Petermann at a meeting of the "Geographic Society" in Frankfurt.
He served in the 20 July 1866 sea battle at Lissa aboard the battleship Drache.
He met Julius von Payer in 1870 and made a preliminary expedition with Payer to Novaya Zemlya in 1871.
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Khariton Laptev
Khariton Prokofievich Laptev (Russian: Харитон Прокофьевич Лаптев) (1700–1763) was a Russian naval officer and Arctic explorer.
Khariton Laptev was born in a gentry family in the village of Pokarevo near Velikiye Luki (in the southern part of today's Pskov Oblast), just a year before his cousin Dmitry Laptev was born in the nearby village of Bolotovo.
Khariton Laptev started his career in the Russian Navy as a cadet in 1718. By 1730, he was already in charge of a military ship, and in 1734 participated in the siege of Gdańsk.
In 1739–1742, Khariton Laptev led one of the parties of the Second Kamchatka expedition. Together with Semion Chelyuskin, N. Chekin, and G. Medvedev, Laptev described the Taimyr Peninsula from the mouth of the Khatanga River to the mouth of the Pyasina river and discovered a few of the islands in the area. After the expedition, he participated in the creation of the "General Map of the Siberian and Kamchatka Coast", and continued his military service in the Baltic Fleet. The sea coastline of the Taimyr Peninsula, a cape on the Chelyuskin Peninsula and other landmarks bear his name. The Laptev Sea was also named after him (and his cousin Dmitry Laptev).
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Knud Rasmussen
Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (June 7, 1879 – December 21, 1933) was a Danish polar explorer and anthropologist. He has been called the "father of Eskimology" and was the first European to cross the Northwest Passage via dog sled. He remains well known in Greenland, Denmark and among Canadian Inuit.
Rasmussen was born in Ilulissat, Greenland, the son of a Danish missionary, the vicar Christian Rasmussen, and an Inuit- Danish mother, Lovise Rasmussen (née Fleischer). He had two siblings, including a brother, Peter Lim. Rasmussen spent his early years in Greenland among the Kalaallit (Inuit) where he learned from an early age to speak the language (Kalaallisut), hunt, drive dog sleds and live in harsh Arctic conditions. "My playmates were native Greenlanders; from the earliest boyhood I played and worked with the hunters, so even the hardships of the most strenuous sledge-trips became pleasant routine for me." He was later educated in Lynge, North Zealand, Denmark. Between 1898 and 1900 he pursued an unsuccessful career as an actor and opera singer.
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Konstantin Badygin
Captain Konstantin Sergeyevich Badygin (Russian: Константин Сергеевич Бадигин; 30 November 1910, Penza – 15 March 1984, Moscow), sometimes also transliterated "Badigin", was a Soviet naval officer, explorer, author, and scientist.
Konstantin Sergeyevich Badygin began his naval career in 1928 as a sailor on Soviet ships in the Pacific Ocean. Later he studied in the Marine Technical School at Vladivostok and became a navigator and an officer in the Soviet Navy.
Between 1935 and 1936 he became the third officer aboard Icebreaker Krasin and in 1937 he became the second in command aboard Icebreaker Sedov.
Badygin became renowned in 1938 as captain of icebreaker Sedov when it was transformed into a Soviet Drifting Polar Station. In 1940 Badigin was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union for his work aboard the Sedov as both a naval officer and a scientist.
Between 1941 and 1943 he became the Chief of the Soviet ice-breaker fleet in the White Sea as well as the director of the Ice Survey Service.
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Kurbat Ivanov
Kurbat Afanasyevich Ivanov (Russian: Курбат Афанасьевич Иванов, (? – 1666) was among the greatest Cossack explorers of Siberia. He was the first Russian to discover Lake Baikal, and to create the first map of the Russian Far East. He also is credited with creation of the early map of Chukotka and Bering Strait, which was the first to show (very schematically) the yet undiscovered Wrangel Island, both Diomede Islands and Alaska.
Initially Kurbat Ivanov was a Yeniseyan Cossack. In 1642 he made the first map of the Russian Far East, based on the explorations of Ivan Moskvitin.
Ivanov came to the Verkholensky ostrog on Lena River, and taking 74 men with himself he sailed south up the river on 21 June 1643, having decided to find if the rumors of large body of water south of Lena were true. He took with himself a Tungus prince Mozheul to assist in finding the way. Through the upper Lena and its tributary Ilikta they reached Primorsky Ridge, crossed it by foot, and by river Sarma descended to Baikal near Olkhon Island. Having built new boats, Ivanov sailed to Olkhon.
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Lars Christensen
Lars Christensen (6 April 1884 – 10 December 1965) was a Norwegian shipowner and whaling magnate with a keen interest in the exploration of Antarctica.
Lars Christensen was born in Sandar. Born into a wealthy family, Christensen inherited his whaling fleet from his father, Christen Christensen. He started his career as a ship owner in 1906. He ventured into the whaling industry in 1909, and directed several companies, including Framnæs Mekaniske Værksted, AS Thor Dahl, AS Odd, AS Ørnen, AS Thorsholm and Bryde og Dahls Hvalfangstselskap.
Endurance, the ship that became famous after Sir Ernest Shackleton's failed Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914, was originally built for Christensen, who intended to use her for polar cruises for tourists to hunt polar bears. When this did not happen, Christensen sold the ship to Shackleton.
Christensen had a deep interest in Antarctica and its animal life. He was particularly interested in making geographical discoveries, and gave his captains wide latitude to do so. He financed several expeditions specifically devoted to the exploration of the Antarctic continent and its waters, and participated in some of these himself, even bringing his wife Ingrid with him in the 1936–1937 expedition. He was among the first to use aerial surveying with seaplanes to map the coast of East Antarctica, which he completed from the Weddell Sea to the Shackleton Ice Shelf, concentrating on Bouvetøya and the region from Enderby Land to Coats Land. From the seaplane brought on the 1936–1937 expedition, members took 2,200 oblique aerial photographs, covering 6,250 square miles (16,200 km2). Mrs. Christensen became the first woman to fly over the continent.
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Lawrence Oates
Captain Lawrence Edward Grace ("Titus") Oates (17 March 1880 – 16 March 1912) was an English Antarctic explorer, known for the manner of his death, when he walked from a tent into a blizzard, with the words "I am just going outside and may be some time".
His death is seen as an act of self-sacrifice when, aware his ill health was compromising his three companions' chances of survival, he chose certain death.
Oates was born in Putney, London, England in 1880, the son of William and Caroline Oates. His family was wealthy and ancient, having had land at Gestingthorpe, Essex, for centuries. His father moved there when his children were small.. He had one sister, a year older than himself, named Lilian. His uncle was the naturalist and African explorer Frank Oates. Oates lived in Putney from 1885–91, from the ages of 5 to 11 at 263 Upper Richmond Road. He was one of the first pupils to attend the Willington Prep School around the corner in Colinette Road. He was further educated at Eton College which he left after less than two years owing to ill health.. He then attended an army "crammer" school, South Lynn School, Eastbourne. In 1898, Oates was commissioned into the 3rd (Militia) Battalion of the West Yorkshire Regiment. He saw military service during the Second Boer War as a junior officer in the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons, having been transferred to that regiment in 1900. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1902, then to Captain in 1906. In March 1901, during the Boer War, he suffered a gunshot wound to his thigh which left it shattered and his left leg an inch shorter than his right leg when it eventually healed. In that skirmish he was twice called on to surrender, and replied "We came to fight, not to surrender.". He later served in Ireland, Egypt, and India. He was often referred to by the nickname "Titus Oates", after the historical figure.
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Lincoln Ellsworth
Lincoln Ellsworth (May 12, 1880 – May 26, 1951) was an polar explorer from the United States.
He was born on May 12, 1880 to James Ellsworth and Eva Frances Butler in Chicago, Illinois. He also lived in Hudson, Ohio as a child.
Lincoln Ellsworth's father, James, a wealthy coal man from the United States, spent US$100,000 to fund Roald Amundsen's 1925 attempt to fly from Svalbard to the North Pole. The craft were forced down onto the ice short of their goal, and the explorers spent 30 days trapped on the surface.
In 1926, Ellsworth accompanied Amundsen on his second effort to fly over the Pole in the airship Norge, designed and piloted by the Italian engineer Umberto Nobile, in a flight from Svalbard to Alaska. On May 12, the Geographic North Pole was sighted. This was the first undisputed sighting of the area.
Ellsworth made four expeditions to Antarctica between 1933 and 1939, using as his aircraft transporter and base a former Norwegian herring boat that he named Wyatt Earp after his hero.
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Louis Palander
Adolf Arnold Louis Palander af Vega (October 2, 1842 – August 7, 1920) was a Swedish naval officer, mostly remembered as the captain on Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld's Vega expedition, the first successful attempt to navigate the Northeast Passage.
Louis Palander was born in Karlskrona in October 1842. His father Axel Fredrik Palander was a rear admiral (lower half) in the Swedish Royal Navy, and the director of the Royal Navy shipyard in Karlskrona. His mother was Emelie Jacquette Constance du Rées. Louis Palander became a naval cadet already at the early age of 14. In 1864 he graduated from the Navy Academy in Karlberg as a second lieutenant and participated in expeditions to the Mediterranean, Sierra Leone and Liberia on the corvette Gefle, as well as in a trip to the United States. After several other appointments at sea, Louis Palander participated in Nordenskiölds expedition to Spitsbergen in 1868, on board the steamer Sofia (the ship's captain was baron Fredrik von Otter). He married Anna Katarina Grischotti the same year.
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Maria Klenova
Maria Vasilyevna Klenova (Russian: Мари́я Васи́льевна Клёнова) (1898 – 1976) was a Russian and Soviet marine geologist and one of the founders of Russian marine science.
Klenova studied to become a professor and later on worked as a member of the Council for Antarctic Research of the USSR Academy of Sciences. During that time she spent nearly thirty years researching in the Polar Regions and become the first woman scientist to do research in Antarctica, specifically at the ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) station at Macquarie Island.
Klenova began her marine geology career in 1925 as a researcher aboard the Soviet research vessel Persey, attached to the Floating Marine Research Institute in the Barents Sea and the archipelagos of Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen, and Franz Josef Land. In 1933 Klenova produced the first complete seabed map of the Barents Sea.
In 1949 Klenova became a senior research associate at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Her work included analyses of seabed geology in the Atlantic Ocean and the Antarctic, and in the Caspian, Barents and White Seas. In the austral summer of 1956 she traveled with a Soviet oceanographic team to map uncharted areas of the Antarctic coast.
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Maria Pronchishcheva
Maria Pronchishcheva (Мария Прончищева, 1710 - 23 September 1736) - a Russian explorer.
In 1735 with her husband, Vasili Pronchishchev, went down the Lena River (from Yakutsk) on Vasili's sloop Yakutsk, doubled its delta, and stopped for wintering at the mouth of the Olenek River. Unfortunately many members of the crew fell ill and died, mainly owing to scurvy. Despite the difficulties, in 1736, they reached the eastern shore of the Taymyr Peninsula and went north along its coastline. Finally Pronchishcheva and her husband succumbed to scurvy and died on the way back.
Maria is considered the first female polar explorer. Maria Pronchishcheva Bay in the Laptev Sea is named after her.
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Mark Shevelev
Mark Shevelev (Russian: Шевелёв, Марк Иванович) (1904–1991) was a Soviet pilot during World War II and was one of founders and Chief of Staff of Soviet Long Range Aviation. Shevelev held the rank of Lieutenant-General. He was a head of aviation department Aviaarktika of the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route, Hero of the Soviet Union.
Mark Shevelev was born 11 (24) October 1904 in Saint Petersburg to Jewish parents. Shevelev joined Red Army in 1920 and participated in the Civil War. Joined Russian Communist Party (Bolshevik) in 1921. Graduated air transportation department of Leningrad Institute of transport in 1925.
Mark Shevelev joined nascent Soviet polar avaiation in 1929. Since 1933 he headed aviation department of the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route, Participated in 6 polar expeditions in 1929-1937. In 1937 he led the expedition to airlift North Pole-1 personnel and equipment to the North Pole. He had been awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union title (36th awarded since the award had been created) for this expedition.
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Martin Frobisher
Sir Martin Frobisher (c. 1535 or 1539 – 15 November 1594) was an English seaman who made three voyages to the New World to look for the Northwest Passage. All landed in northeastern Canada, around today's Resolution Island and Frobisher Bay. On his second voyage, Frobisher found what he thought was gold ore and carried 200 tons of it home on three ships, where initial assaying determined it to be worth a profit of £5.1 per ton. Encouraged, Frobisher returned to Canada with an even larger fleet and dug several mines around Frobisher Bay. He carted 1,350 tons of the ore back where, after years of smelting, it was realized that both that batch of ore and the earlier one he had taken were worthless iron pyrite. As an English privateer/pirate, he collected riches from French ships. He was later knighted for his service in repelling the Spanish Armada in 1588.
As early as 1560 or 1561, Frobisher had formed a resolution to undertake a voyage in search of a Northwest Passage as a trade route to India and China (referred to at that time as Cathay).
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Matvei Gedenschtrom
Matvei Matveyevich Gedenschtrom (Russian: Матвей Матвеевич Геденштром) (circa 1780 – 20 September 1845) was a Russian explorer of Northern Siberia, writer, and public servant.
Matvei Gedenschtrom attended University of Tartu. He did not finish his studies and left his alma mater in favor of work at Tallinn customs. Soon, however, he was arrested in connection with a smuggling affair, tried, and then banished to Siberia. In 1808, Gedenschtrom arrived in Irkutsk and received his first duty assignment, namely, the exploration of the coastline of the Arctic Ocean. Lacking necessary scientific background, Matvei Gedenschtrom had to study a lot in order to be able to reckon a latitude and longitude of a given location and use scientific equipment in general. Gedenschtrom led the cartographic expedition to explore the New Siberian Islands (together with Yakov Sannikov and land surveyors Pyotr Pshenitsyn and I.Kozhevin). The theory about the existence of the so called Sannikov Land somewhere northwest of the Kotelny Island originated during this very expedition. Gedenschtrom established the presence of the so called "Siberian polynya" – patches of open water in sea ice at the edge of the drifting ice and continental fast ice. In 1809, Gedenschtrom visited the eastern shores of an island, discovered by merchants Semyon and Lev Syrovatsky three years earlier, and named it New Siberia (this name would be officially endorsed in 1810). Gedenschtrom charted the coastline between the mouths of the rivers Yana and Kolyma. He also made many trips across Yakutia and areas east of the Lake Baikal.
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Mercator Cooper
Mercator Cooper (September 29, 1803 – spring 1872) was a ship's captain who is credited with the first formal American visit to Tokyo, Japan and the first formal landing on the mainland East Antarctica.
Both events occurred while sailing ships out of Sag Harbor, New York, where he was born.
On November 9, 1843, Cooper left Sag Harbor as captain of the 440-ton ship Manhattan on a whaling voyage. On March 14–15, 1845 the Manhattan picked up 11 Japanese sailors in the southern Japanese islands.
Outside of Tokyo Bay four of the survivors took a Japanese boat with a message that Cooper wanted to deliver the remainder to the harbor. The Japanese normally wanted to avoid contact with outsiders because of the Tokugawa Shogunate policy of Sakoku.
However, on April 18, 1845, an emissary from the shogun gave the ship permission to proceed – accompanied by "about three hundred Japanese boats with about 15 men in each took the ship in tow" according to Cooper's log. "They took all our arms out to keep till we left. There were several of the nobility came on board to see the ship. They appeared very friendly."
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Merkury Vagin
Merkury Vagin (Russian: Меркурий Вагин) (died 1712) was a Russian Arctic explorer.
In 1712, together with Yakov Permyakov, Merkury Vagin explored the region of the eastern Laptev Sea coast, including Bolshoy Lyakhovsky Island, the southermost of the New Siberian Archipelago. With a group of Cossacks they crossed the Yana Bay over the ice from the mouth of the Yana; after reaching Bolshoy Lyakhovsky, they explored the then unknown island that had been reported by Permyakov two years earlier.
Vagin and Permyakov were murdered on the way back from their exploration by mutineering expedition members. The cossacks took the dead bodies down to the ice and set them on fire. No one knows what the rebellious cossacks did with the ashes, but Merkury Vagin's remains were never found.
Merkuriya Island was named after this pioneering Russian explorer.
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Michael Barne
Michael Barne (15 October 1877 – 31 May 1961) was an officer of the 1901-04 Discovery Expedition and was the last survivor of the expedition.
Barne was born at Sotterley Park, Suffolk the son of Frederick Barne and his wife Lady Constance Adelaide Seymour, daughter of Francis Seymour, 5th Marquess of Hertford. His father was Member of Parliament for East Suffolk. He was educated at Stubbington School in preparation for the Navy, which he entered the service as a Midshipman in 1893. In 1898 he was commissioned to serve aboard HMS Porcupine.
In 1901 he was appointed by Scott as Second Lieutenant to the Polar Expedition. Despite suffering frostbite Barne made copious notes throughout his three years with the expedition, both about general conditions and his specialist fields( magnetronemy and Soundings). Scott rated his ability to calm possible tensions highly.Barne Inlet, a 17-mile-wide (27 km) feature on the Western side of the Ross Ice Shelf he discovered is named after him. He was awarded the Polar Medal for his contribution to the expedition.
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Mikhail Gvozdev
Mikhail Spiridonovich Gvozdev (Russian: Михаил Спиридонович Гвоздев) (1700-04 — after 1759) was a Russian military geodesist and a commander of the expedition to northern Alaska in 1732, when Alaskan shore was for the first time sighted by Russians.
In 1732, together with the participants of the first Kamchatka expedition navigators Ivan Fedorov and K. Moshkov, Gvozdev in Sviatoi Gavriil (St. Gabriel) sailed to Dezhnev Cape, the easternmost point of Asia. From there, after having replenished the water supply on 5 August, 'Sviatoi Gavriil' sailed east and soon came near mainland at the Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska. They charted the north-western coast of Alaska and mapped their route. By doing this, Fyodorov and Gvozdev completed the discovery of the Bering Strait, once started by Dezhnyov and Fedot Popov and continued by Bering.
Subsequently in 1741-42 Gvozdev participated in expedition led by Alexey Shelting and mapped most of the western and southern shores of the Sea of Okhotsk, as well as the eastern shore of Sakhalin island.
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Mikhail Lavrov
Mikhail Andrianovich Lavrov (Russian: Лавров, Михаил Андрианович) (1799–1882) was a Russian rear-admiral and Arctic explorer.
Mikhail Lavrov was born on September 13, 1799 in the city of Arkhangelsk. He graduated from Cadets Corps in Saint Petersburg and served at the Baltic Fleet. He participated in the voyage of the cargo ship Mezen from Kronstadt to Arkhangelsk and back in 1819–1820. In 1821–1824, in the rank of senior officer, he participated in the expedition of Fyodor Litke on board of the brig Novaya Zemlya, making description of coast line of Murmansk and Novaya Zemlya archipelago. In 1825–1827, he made a round-the-world voyage on board sloop Krotkiy with Admiral Ferdinand Wrangel, visiting Kamchatka and Russian America. In 1831–1834, Lavrov served in the rank of lieutenant commander in the Mediterranean and Adriatic, participated in a battle against pirate ships, sinking four of them, and was therefore promoted to the rank of commander. In 1833, he was awarded with an Order of St. George of the 4th degree for immaculate service in the officer rank in 18 six-month campaigns.
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Mikhail Lazarev
Admiral Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (Russian: Михаил Петрович Лазарев, November 3, 1788 – April 11, 1851) was a Russian fleet commander and explorer who discovered Antarctica.
Lazarev was born in Vladimir, a scion of the old Russian nobility from the Vladimir province. In 1800, he enrolled in Russia's Naval College. Three years later he was sent to the British fleet, where he would stay for a continuous five-year navigation. From 1808 to 1813, Lazarev served in the Baltic Fleet. He took part in the Russo-Swedish War of 1808-1809 and Patriotic War of 1812.
Lazarev first circumnavigated the globe in 1813-1816, aboard the vessel Suvorov; the expedition began at Kronstadt and reached Alaska. During this voyage, Lazarev discovered the Suvorov Atoll.
As a commander of the ship Mirny and Fabian von Bellingshausen's deputy on his world cruise in 1819-1821 (Bellingshausen commanded Vostok), Lazarev took part in the discovery of Antarctica and numerous islands. On January 28, 1820 the expedition discovered the Antarctic mainland, approaching the Antarctic coast at the coordinates 69°21′28″S 2°14′50″W / 69.35778°S 2.24722°W / -69.35778; -2.24722 and seeing ice-fields there.
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Mikhail Somov
Mikhail Mikhailovich Somov (Russian: Михаил Михайлович Сомов) (7 April 1908, Moscow - 30 December 1973, Leningrad) was a Soviet oceanologist, polar explorer, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1954).
Mikhail Somov graduated from the Moscow Hydrometeorological Institute in 1937. In 1939, he was appointed senior researcher at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. In 1950-1951, Mikhail Somov headed a drift-ice station North Pole-2. In 1955-1957, he became a leader of the first Soviet Antarctic Expedition. Mikhail Somov was also the first Soviet delegate to the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research.
The Somov Sea north of Victoria Land and a glacier in Queen Maud Land (both East Antarctica) bear Mikhail Somov's name, as well as a scientific icebreaker. A minor planet 3334 Somov discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos in 1981 is named after him.
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Mikhail Stadukhin
Mikhail Vasilyevich Stadukhin (Russian: Михаил Васильевич Стадухин) (died 1666) was a Russian explorer of far northeast Siberia, one of the first to reach the Kolyma, Anadyr, Penzhina and Gizhiga Rivers and the northern Sea of Okhotsk. He was a Pomor, probably born in the village of Pinega, and the nephew of a Moscow merchant. By 1633 he was on the Lena River.
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Naddodd
Naddod (Old Norse: Naddoðr or Naddaðr, literally "studded") was a Faroese Viking who is credited with the discovery of Iceland. Naddod was also one of the first settlers on the Faroe Islands after Grímur Kamban became the first to settle there around 825. Naddod was born in Agder, which comprises the two Norwegian counties of Aust-Agder and Vest-Agder.
Landnámabók, a medieval Icelandic manuscript, describes in considerable detail the settlement (Icelandic: landnám) of Iceland by the Norse in the 9th and 10th century. According to Landnámabók, Iceland was discovered by Naddod, who was sailing from Norway to the Faroe Islands, but got lost and drifted to the east coast of Iceland. Naddod came upon the shore of a land with a bay and mountains near what is today the Icelandic town of Reyðarfjörður. Although he climbed a mountain to look for smoke rising from fire-places he saw no sign of humans. Naddod decided to continue his journey to the Faroe Islands, but as he returned to his boat it started to snow and so he named the land Snæland (Snowland). The island later became known as Ísland (Iceland). (See names of Iceland).
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Nathaniel Palmer
Nathaniel Brown Palmer (8 August 1799 – 21 June 1877) was an American seal hunter, explorer, sailing captain, and ship designer. He was born in Stonington, Connecticut.
During the 1810s the skins of Antarctic Ocean seals were highly valued as items for trade with China. As a skilled and fearless seal hunter, Palmer achieved his first command at the early age of 21. His vessel, a diminutive sloop named the Hero, was only 47 feet (14 m) in length. Palmer steered southward in the Hero at the beginning of the Antarctic summer of 1820–1821. Aggressively searching for new seal rookeries south of Cape Horn, on 17 November 1820, Palmer and his men became the first Americans and the third group of people to discover the Antarctic Peninsula. Larger ships skippered by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Edward Bransfield had reported sighting land earlier in 1820. Along with English sealer George Powell, Palmer also co-discovered the nearby South Orkney Islands archipelago.
After concluding a successful sealing career, Palmer, still in the prime of life, switched his attention to the captaining of fast sailing ships for the transportation of express freight. In 1843, Captain Palmer took command of the Paul Jones on her maiden voyage from Boston to Hong Kong, arriving in in 111 days. In this new role, the Connecticut captain traveled many of the world's principal sailing routes. Observing the strengths and weaknesses of the ocean-going sailing ships of his time, Palmer suggested and designed improvements to their hulls and rigging. The improvements made Palmer a co-developer of the mid-19th century clipper ship.
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Nikifor Begichev
Nikifor Alekseevich Begichev (Bigichev) (Russian: Никифор Алексеевич Бегичев (Бигичев) (February 7 (N.S. February 19), 1874 – May 18, 1927) was a Russian seaman and polar explorer. Twice awarded by the Big Golden Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Born in Tsariov town, Astrakhan guberniya (region) in the family of Volga River fishers. In 1895 called up to the service in the Russian Navy. Three times travelled as a sailor and a boatswain to the The Antilles islands.
He was a participant in Baron Eduard Toll's 1900–1903 Russian Polar Expedition as the bosun of ship Zarya. After the death of Baron Toll, Begichev took part in the research. During this exploring, he has saved the life of his commander- lieutenant Aleksandr Kolchak, the future famous admiral. Walking by the sea ice, Kolchak fell in the split. When Begichev pulled him from the water, lieutenant did not give any signs of live. Begichev took off his dry clothes, and dressed Kolchak. Then to re-animate him, Begichev fired his pipe and put in Kolchak's mouth. Kolchak opened his eyes.
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Nikolai Kolomeitsev
Nikolai Nikolaevich Kolomeitsev, also spelt Kolomeytsev (Russian: Николай Николаевич Коломейцев) (16 July 1867 (near Kherson, Ukraine) - 1944 in Paris) was a Russian naval officer and explorer of the Arctic.
Nikolai Kolomeitsev was born in the village of Pokrovka near Kherson in Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire) in 1867. He entered military service in 1884 and graduated as an officer of the Imperial Russian Navy in 1887. He was promoted to lieutenant in December 1893. In 1894-1895, he was assigned to the Russian Pacific Fleet, and after graduating from mine warfare school, served on several vessels operating in Siberia.
Kolomeitsev became a member of the Chief Hydrographic Administration’s Survey Expedition to the White Sea. He also took part in an expedition to the Yenisei Gulf led by L. Dobrotvorskiy, which gave him expertise on sailing in arctic waters.
In 1900, Baron Eduard Toll led an expedition on behalf of the Russian Academy of Sciences on ship Zarya. Kolomeitsev was named commander of the ship during the expedition. His second-in-command was Fyodor Andreyevich Matisen, who had taken part in an expedition to Svalbard. Alexander Kolchak also accompanied the expedition as third naval officer and hydrographer. All these officers were from military backgrounds. The expedition was known as The Russian Polar Expedition. Its aim was to explore well the area north of the New Siberian Islands and eventually sail towards the North Pole in order to find the elusive Sannikov Land.
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Nikolay Urvantsev
Nikolay Nikolayevich Urvantsev (Russian: Николай Николаевич Урванцев; 29 January [O.S. 17 January] 1893 – 20 February 1985) was a Soviet geologist and explorer. He was born in the town of Lukoyanov of Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, Russian Empire to the family of a merchant. He graduated from the Tomsk Engineering Institute in 1918.
Urvantsev was among the discoverers of the Norilsk coal basin and Norilsk copper-nickel ore region in 1919-1922 and was among the founders of Norilsk town.
In 1922, while leading a geological expedition, Urvantsev found evidence of the mysteriously disappeared Amundsen's 1918 Arctic expedition crew members Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen. Urvantsev recovered the mail and scientific data that the two ill-fated Norwegians had been carrying. The valuable documents were lying abandoned on the Kara Sea shore near the mouth of the Zeledeyeva River.
In 1930-1932 Urvantsev, together with Georgy Ushakov, explored the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago where they discovered a number of islands. He published a book about the expedition, At the Severnaya Zemlya. He also explored other remote areas of Russia, Taimyr and Central Siberian Plateau.
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Olav Bjaaland
Olav Bjaaland (5 March 1873 – 8 June 1961) was a Norwegian ski champion from Telemark. In 1911, he was one of the first five men to reach the South Pole as part of an expedition led by Roald Amundsen.
Olav Bjaaland was born in Morgedal, Telemark, Norway. At the turn of the century, Bjaaland, together with the Hemmestveit brothers were among the best skiers in Norway. In 1902, he won the nordic combined at the Holmenkollen Ski Festival, to this day the classic event in nordic skiing. In 1909 Bjaaland, together with five others were invited to France to compete with the best skiers of Europe.
On this trip, Bjaaland by chance met Roald Amundsen; the already-successful explorer invited Bjaaland, as a skier, to join his forthcoming expedition to the North Pole. Bjaaland was thrilled, and still believing that they were heading to the North Pole, they left Oslo, Norway on 7 June 1910. Upon learning that they instead were heading south to race for the Antarctic pole against Robert Falcon Scott, Bjaaland had shouted: "Hurrah, that means we’ll get there first!" For his participation in the expedition, he was awarded the Medal of the South Pole (Sydpolsmedaljen), a Royal Norwegian award instituted by King Haakon VII in 1912 to reward participants in Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition.
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Oscar Wisting
Oscar Adolf Wisting (6 June 1871 – 5 December 1936) was a Norwegian polar explorer. Together with Roald Amundsen he was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles.
Oscar Wisting was born in Larvik, in Vestfold county, Norway. At the age of sixteen, he went to sea and in 1892 joined the Royal Norwegian Navy. He was working as a naval gunner at Karljohansvern, the naval base in Horten during 1909 when Roald Amundsen asked him to go north with him on his forthcoming North Pole expedition. Amundsen later secretly changed his plans. Wisting went to sea believing they were heading for the North Pole. Instead he learned that they were going south to pick up the race with Robert Falcon Scott to the South Pole.
On 14 December 1911 along with Amundsen, Helmer Hanssen, Olav Bjaaland and Sverre Hassel, Wisting planted the Norwegian flag on the Geographic South Pole, the first explorers to have reached that point.
From 1918 to 1925 Wisting was chief officer onboard the Maud in Roald Amundsen's attempt to traverse the Northeast passage. From 1923 to 1925 Wisting more or less acted as leader of the expedition after Amundsen left to try to fly to the pole instead.
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Otto Nordenskiöld
Nils Otto Gustaf Nordenskjöld (December 6, 1869 – June 2, 1928) was a Finnish and Swedish geologist, geographer, and polar explorer.
Nordenskjöld was born in Hässelby in Småland in eastern Sweden, in a Finland Swedish family that included his maternal uncle Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld (a noted polar explorer) and cousin Gustaf Nordenskiöld. His father and mother were cousins, but his father's family name was "Nordenskjöld", while his mother's family name was spelled "Nordenskiöld".
He studied at Uppsala University, obtaining a doctorate in geology in 1894, and later became a lecturer and then associate professor in the university's geology department.
Otto Nordenskjöld led mineralogical expeditions to Patagonia in the 1890s, and to Alaska and the Klondike area in 1898.
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Otto Schmidt
Otto Yulyevich Schmidt (Russian: О́тто Ю́льевич Шмидт) (September 30 [O.S. September 18] 1891 — September 7, 1956) was a Soviet scientist, mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist, statesman, academician, Hero of the USSR (27 June 1937), and member of the Communist Party.
He was born in Mogilev, Russian Empire (now Belarus). His father was a descendant of German settlers in Courland, while his mother was a Latvian.
In 1913, Schmidt married Vera Yanitskaia and graduated from the University of Kiev, where he worked as a privat-docent starting from 1916. After the October Revolution of 1917, he was a board member at several People's Commissariats (narkomats) – such as Narkomprod from 1918 to 1920 (Narodnyi Komissariat Prodovolstviya, or People's Commissariat for Supplies), People's Commissariat for Finance from 1921 to 1922 (Narodnyi Komissariat Finansov, or People's Commissariat for Finances). Schmidt was one of the chief proponents of developing the higher education system, publishing, and science in Soviet Russia.
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Otto Sverdrup
Otto Neumann Knoph Sverdrup (31 October 1854, Bindal, Helgeland – 26 November 1930) was a Norwegian sailor and Arctic explorer.
He was born in Bindal as a son of farmer Ulrik Frederik Suhm Sverdrup (1833–1914) and his wife Petra Neumann Knoph (1831–1885). He was a great-grandnephew of Georg Sverdrup and Jacob Liv Borch Sverdrup, first cousin twice removed of Harald Ulrik and Johan Sverdrup, second cousin once removed of Jakob, Georg and Edvard Sverdrup, third cousin of Georg Johan, Jakob, Mimi, Leif and Harald Ulrik Sverdrup. He was a brother-in-law of Johan Vaaler, and Otto himself married his own first cousin, Gretha Andrea Engelschiøn (1866–1937), in October 1891 in Kristiania. Their daughter Audhild Sverdrup (1893–1932) married Carl Johan Sverdrup Marstrander.
His father was born on Buøy in Kolvereid municipality. As oldest son Otto was heir to the Sverdrup properties at Buøy. However, he left it all to his younger brothers and went to Åbygda in Bindal, to the farm named Hårstad, where Otto Sverdrup was born. In 1872, at the age of 17, Otto Sverdrup returned to Nærøy, to Ottersøy where his uncle Søren worked in transportation with his own vessels. Here Sverdrup started his career as a seaman and after a while he was sailing abroad. In 1875 he passed his mate's examination, and some years later the shipmaster's examination.
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Otto von Kotzebue
Otto von Kotzebue (Russian Отто Евстафьевич Коцебу, Otto Evstaf'evič Kocebu) (December 30, 1787 – February 15, 1846) was a Baltic German navigator in Russian service.
The second son of August von Kotzebue, he was born in Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia), then part of the Russian Empire. After attending the St Petersburg school of cadets, he accompanied Adam Johann von Krusenstern on his voyage of 1803–1806. On promotion to lieutenant, Kotzebue was placed in command of an expedition, fitted out at the expense of the imperial chancellor, Count Nikolay Rumyantsev, in the brig Rurik. In this vessel, with only twenty-seven men, including the naturalists Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz and Adelbert von Chamisso, and the artist Louis Choris, Kotzebue set out on July 30, 1815 to find a passage across the Arctic Ocean and explore the less-known parts of Oceania.
Proceeding via Cape Horn, he discovered the Romanzov Islands, Rurik Islands and Krusenstern Islands (today Tikehau), then made for Kamchatka, and in the middle of July proceeded northward, coasting along the north-west coast of North America, and discovering and naming Kotzebue Sound or Gulf and Cape Krusenstern in the remote Chukchi Sea. Returning by the coast of Asia, he again sailed to the south, sojourned for three weeks at the Sandwich Islands, and on January 1, 1817 discovered New Year Island. After further cruising in the Pacific Ocean, he again proceeded north, but severe illness compelled him to return to Europe, and he reached the Neva on August 3, 1818, bringing home a large collection of previously unknown plants and much new ethnological information.
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Peter Warren Dease
Peter Warren Dease (January 1, 1788 – January 17, 1863) was a Canadian fur trader and arctic explorer.
Peter Warren Dease was born at Michilimackinac (now Mackinac Island) on January 1, 1788, the fourth son of Dr. John Dease, captain and deputy agent of Indian Affairs, and Jane French, Catholic Mohawk from Caughnawaga. His father was a nephew of Sir William Johnson, and first cousin of Sir John Johnson. He was named after Admiral Sir Peter Warren, an uncle of Sir William Johnson. He was raised by his family in Mackinac Island and then Montreal, until he left home at the age of 13 to work in the fur trade.
Dease first worked for the New North West (XY) Company at Great Slave Lake. After that company's amalgamation with the North West Company in 1804, he was appointed to the position of clerk at Athabasca. In 1817 he was moved to the Mackenzie District, first at Fort Good Hope, then later at Fort Chipewyan and other Mackenzie posts. In 1821, the North West and Hudson's Bay Companies were united, and he became a chief trader for the Hudson's Bay Company, working in the Athabaska district.
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Pyotr Anjou
Pyotr Fyodorovich Anjou (Russian: Пётр Фёдорович Анжу) (15 February 1796 – 12 October 1869), was an Arctic explorer and an admiral of the Imperial Russian Navy
Anjou's grandfather was a Frenchman who entered the service of Russia in the middle of the 18th Century. His father became a Russian citizen and worked as a doctor. Anjou was born in Vyshny Volochyok, near Tver. He graduated from the Marine Cadet Corps
As a lieutenant, Anjou was given a task to describe the northern coast of Siberia in 1820. He and his assistants (P.Ilyin, Ilya Berezhnikh, and A.Figurin) described the coastline and the islands between the rivers Olenek and Indigirka and made a map of the New Siberian Islands.
In 1825-1826, Anjou participated in describing the northeastern coast of the Caspian Sea and the western coast of the Aral Sea. He distinguished himself in the Battle of Navarino as a lieutenant of the line of battle ship "Gangut".
Later on, he held a few commanding posts and also served in administrative and scientific establishments of the Russian Admiralty. One of the groups of the New Siberian Islands bears Anjou's name (the Anjou Islands).
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Pyotr Shirshov
Pyotr Petrovich Shirshov (Russian: Пётр Петрович Ширшов) (December 25 (O.S. December 12), 1905, Ekaterinoslav (today Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine) - February 17, 1953, Moscow) was a Ukrainian Soviet oceanographer, hydrobiologist, polar explorer, statesman, academician (1939), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938).
Pyotr Shirshov graduated from the Odessa Public Education Institute in 1929. In 1929-1932, he was a researcher at the Botanical Garden of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. In 1932-1936, Pyotr Shirshov was employed as a researcher at the All-Union Arctic Institute. He participated in numerous Arctic expeditions, including the ones on icebreakers Sibiryakov (1932) and Chelyuskin and a drifting ice station North Pole-1 (1937-1938). In 1942-1948, Pyotr Shirshov was People's Commissar (later Minister) of the Soviet Maritime Fleet. In 1946-1953, he headed the Institute of Oceanology of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, which he had established himself. In 1946-1950, Pyotr Shirshov chaired the Pacific Ocean Science Committee.
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Pytheas
Pytheas of Massalia or (using the Latin form) Massilia (Ancient Greek Πυθέας ὁ Μασσαλιώτης) (4th century BC), was a Greek geographer and explorer from the Greek colony, Massalia (modern day Marseilles). He made a voyage of exploration to northwestern Europe at about 325 BC. He travelled around and visited a considerable part of Great Britain. Pytheas is the first person on record to describe the Midnight Sun,polar ice, Germanic and possibly Finnic tribes. He is the one who introduced the idea of distant Thule to the geographic imagination. His account of the tides is the earliest to state they are caused by the moon.
Pliny says that Timaeus (born about 350 BC) believed Pytheas' story of the discovery of amber. Strabo says that Dicaearchus (died about 285 BC) did not trust the stories of Pytheas. That is all the information that survives concerning the date of Pytheas' voyage. Presuming that Timaeus would not have written until after he was 20 years old at about 330 BC and Dicaearchus would have needed time to write his most mature work, after 300 BC, there is no reason not to accept Tozer's window of 330 BC – 300 BC for the voyage. Some would give Timaeus an extra 5 years, bringing the voyage down to 325 BC at earliest. There is no further evidence.
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Ralph Plaisted
Ralph Plaisted (30 September 1927 – 8 September 2008) and his three companions, Walt Pederson, Gerry Pitzl and Jean-Luc Bombardier, are regarded by most polar authorities to be the first to succeed in a surface traverse across the ice to the North Pole on 19 April 1968, making the first confirmed surface conquest of the Pole.
Plaisted was a high-school dropout from Bruno, Minnesota, who found success as an insurance salesman. An avid outdoorsman, in the early 1960's he was one of the first Minnesotans to buy a Ski-Doo snowmobile, a then-novel invention of Canada's Bombardier Company, and became a convert and booster of the machine. In 1965, Plaisted drove his snowmobile 250 miles from Ely to St. Paul, Minnesota in one day, which is regarded as the first long-distance snowmobile trek.
Plaisted and his friend Art Aufderheide conceived the idea of reaching the North Pole by snowmobile in the spring of 1966, aiming to make the trip the following year. In April and May 1967 Plaisted's first attempt was thwarted at 83° 20' latitude by storms and open water. The attempt did result in a CBS-TV documentary To the Top of the World, reported by Charles Kuralt, who accompanied the Plaisted team.
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Ranulph Fiennes
Sir Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, 3rd Baronet, OBE (born 7 March 1944), better known as Ranulph (Ran) Fiennes, is a British adventurer and holder of several endurance records. He is also a prolific writer. Fiennes served in the British Army for eight years including a period on counter-insurgency service while attached to the army of the Sultanate of Oman. He later undertook numerous expeditions and was the first person to visit both the North and South Poles by surface means and the first to completely cross Antarctica on foot. In May 2009, at the age of 65, he climbed to the summit of Mount Everest. According to the Guinness Book of World Records he is the world's greatest living explorer. Fiennes has written numerous books about his army service and his expeditions as well as a book defending Robert Falcon Scott from modern revisionists.
Fiennes was born on 7 March 1944 in Windsor, Berkshire shortly after the death of his father, Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Ranulph Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, commanding the Royal Scots Greys, who died of wounds on 24 November 1943. His mother was Audrey Joan, younger daughter of Sir Percy Newson, Bt. Fiennes inherited his father's baronetcy, becoming the 3rd Baronet of Banbury, at his birth. Fiennes is the third cousin of actors Joseph and Ralph Fiennes and is a distant cousin to the British Royal Family.
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Reinhold Messner
Reinhold Messner (born 17 September 1944) is an Italian mountaineer, adventurer and explorer from the German-speaking autonomous province Alto Adige/Südtirol "whose astonishing feats on Everest and on peaks throughout the world have earned him the status of the greatest climber in history." He is renowned for making the first solo ascent of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen and for being the first climber to ascend all fourteen "eight-thousanders" (peaks over 8,000 metres (26,000 ft) above sea level). He is the author of at least 63 books (in German, 1970–2006), many of which have been translated into other languages.
Born in Brixen (Bressanone), Italy, Messner is a native speaker of German and also fluent in Italian. He grew up in Villnöß and spent his early years climbing in the Alps and fell in love with the Dolomites. His father, Josef Messner, was a teacher. He was also very strict and sometimes severe with Reinhold. Josef led Reinhold to his first summit at the age of five. Reinhold had eight brothers and one sister: he later climbed with his brother Günther and made Arctic crossings with his brother Hubert.
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Richard Chancellor
Richard Chancellor (died 1556) was an English explorer and navigator; the first to penetrate to the White Sea and establish relations with Russia.
Chancellor, a native of Bristol, acquired geographical and maritime proficiency from the explorer Sebastian Cabot and the geographer John Dee. Cabot had always been interested in making a voyage to Asia through the Arctic, and for this purpose King Edward VI chartered an association of English merchants, the Company of Merchant Adventurers in 1552-1553, with the Duke of Northumberland as principal patron. They hoped not only to discover a North-East Passage but also to find a market for English woollen cloth.
Sir Hugh Willoughby was given three ships for the search, and Chancellor went as second-in-command. A Norwegian coastal storm separated them; Willoughby, with two ships, sailed east and discovered Novaya Zemlya but died with all his men on the Lapland coast. Chancellor, with the ship Edward Bonaventure, found the entrance to the White Sea and anchored at the port of Archangel.
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Richard Collinson
Sir Richard Collinson KCB (7 November 1811 – 13 September 1883) was an English naval officer and explorer of the Arctic.
He was born in Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, England, then part of County Durham. He joined the Royal Navy in 1823 at age twelve and rose in the ranks, becoming a lieutenant in 1835, commander in 1841, and captain in 1842.
Collinson commanded HMS Enterprise in the search for Sir John Franklin, entering the Northwest Passage through the Bering Strait. He sailed from Plymouth in January 1850, accompanied by the HMS Investigator, which was under the command of Robert McClure, his subordinate; however, the two ships became separated. As a result, the Enterprise arrived at Point Barrow, Alaska a fortnight after the Investigator and was forced to turn back due to ice and winter at Hong Kong, while McClure and the Investigator made it through and achieved recognition as the first ship to transit the Northwest Passage.
He was awarded a Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society, knighted in 1875, and made an admiral on the retired list in the same year.
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Roald Amundsen
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈɾuːɑl ˈɑmʉnsən]; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the Antarctic expedition (1910-12) to discover the South Pole in December 1911 and he was the first expedition leader to (undisputedly) reach the North Pole in 1926. He is also known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage (1903-06). He disappeared in June 1928 while taking part in a rescue mission. Amundsen, along with Douglas Mawson, Robert Falcon Scott, and Ernest Shackleton, was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
Amundsen was born to a family of Norwegian shipowners and captains in Borge, between the towns Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg. His father was Jens Amundsen. He was the fourth son in the family. His mother chose to keep him out of the maritime industry of the family and pressured him to become a doctor, a promise that Amundsen kept until his mother died when he was aged 21, whereupon he quit university for a life at sea. Amundsen had hidden a lifelong desire inspired by Fridtjof Nansen's crossing of Greenland in 1888 and the doomed Franklin expedition. As a result, he decided on a life of intense exploration.[citation needed]
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Robert Falcon Scott
Robert Falcon Scott CVO (6 June 1868 – c. 29 March 1912) was a Royal Navy officer and explorer who led two expeditions to the Antarctic regions: the Discovery Expedition, 1901–04, and the ill-fated Terra Nova Expedition, 1910–13. During this second venture, Scott led a party of five which reached the South Pole on 17 January 1912, only to find that they had been preceded by Roald Amundsen's Norwegian expedition. On their return journey, Scott and his four comrades all perished from a combination of exhaustion, starvation and extreme cold.
Before his appointment to lead the Discovery Expedition, Scott had followed the conventional career of a naval officer in peacetime Victorian Britain, where opportunities for career advancement were both limited and keenly sought after by ambitious officers. It was the chance for personal distinction that led Scott to apply for the Discovery command, rather than any predilection for polar exploration. However, having taken this step, his name became inseparably associated with the Antarctic, the field of work to which he remained committed during the final twelve years of his life.
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Robert McClure
Sir Robert John Le Mesurier McClure (or M'Clure) (28 January 1807 – 17 October 1873) was an Irish explorer of the Arctic. In 1854, he was the first to transit the Northwest Passage (by boat and sledge), as well as the first to circumnavigate the Americas.
He was born at Wexford, in Ireland, the posthumous son of one of Abercrombie's captains, and spent his childhood under the care of his godfather, General Le Mesurier, governor of Alderney, by whom he was educated for the army. He entered the navy, however, in 1824, and twelve years later gained his first experience of Arctic exploration as mate of HMS Terror in the expedition (1836–1837) commanded by Captain (afterwards Sir) George Back.
On his return he obtained his commission as lieutenant, and from 1838 to 1839 served on the Canadian lakes, being subsequently attached to the North American and West Indian naval stations, where he remained till 1846. Two years later he joined the Franklin search expedition (1848–1849) under James Clark Ross as first lieutenant of Enterprise.
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Robert Peary
Robert Edwin Peary, Sr. (May 6, 1856 – February 20, 1920) was an American explorer who claimed to have led the first expedition, on April 6, 1909, to reach the geographic North Pole. Peary's claim was widely credited for most of the 20th century, though it was criticized even in its own day.
Robert Edwin Peary was born in Cresson, Pennsylvania, in 1856. Peary graduated from Bowdoin College, Phi Beta Kappa, in 1877. He was also a member of the Theta chapter of Delta Kappa Epsilon while at Bowdoin, and the flag of DKE was one of the five flags that he took with him to the North Pole. His home in Fryeburg, Maine, still remains in pristine condition as an inn known as the Admiral Peary House.
Peary made several expeditions to the Arctic, exploring Greenland by dog sled in 1886 and 1891 and returning to the island three times in the 1890s, including the Peary Relief Expedition to Greenland of 1892. He twice attempted to cross northwest Greenland over the ice cap, discovering Navy Cliff. American artist F. W. Stokes joined some of these expeditions.
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Rudolf Samoylovich
Rudolf (Ruvim) Lazarevich Samoylovich (Russian: Рудольф Лазаревич Самойлович) (September 13 (O.S. September 1), 1881, Azov - 1940?) was a Soviet polar explorer, professor (1928), and doctor of geographic sciences (1934).
In 1904, Rudolf Samoylovich graduated from the Mining Academy in Freiberg, Germany. In 1912, he participated in Vladimir Rusanov's geological expedition to Spitsbergen. Rudolf Samoylovich was one of the initiators and the first director of the Northern Research and Trade Expedition (Северная научно-промысловая экспедиция) (1920-1925). In 1925, this research center was reorganized into the Institute of Northern Studies (Институт по изучению Севера), headed by Rudolf Samoylovich in 1925-1930. In 1932-1938, he was deputy director of the All-Union Arctic Institute (Всесоюзный арктический институт). Rudolf Samoylovich was also the founder and first chairman of the Polar Countries' Department at Leningrad State University (1934-1937). Rudolf Samoylovich was the head of the rescue party on the Krasin icebreaker (1928). Also, he participated in the Graf Zeppelin expedition (1931) and headed expeditions on icebreakers Vladimir Rusanov (1932), Georgy Sedov (1934), and Sadko (1936 and 1937-1938). In 1938, Rudolf Samoylovich was arrested and then most likely executed some time in 1940. In 1957, he was rehabilitated.
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Semion Chelyuskin
Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin (Russian: Семён Иванович Челюскин) (c. 1700 – 1764) was a Russian polar explorer and naval officer.
Chelyuskin graduated from the Navigation School in Moscow. He first became a deputy navigator while serving in the Baltic Fleet (1726) and later promoted to navigator (1733). Chelyuskin was chosen for the Second (Great Northern) Kamchatka Expedition, in which he took part until 1743. He participated in expeditions, led by Vasily Pronchischev and Khariton Laptev. In spring of 1741, Chelyuskin made a voyage from the Khatanga River to the Pyasina River by land. He described the western coastline from the Taimyr Peninsula to the Middendorff Bay and then from the mouth of Pyasina to the mouth of the Yenisei River. In winter of 1741–1742, he traveled from Turukhansk to the mouth of the Khatanga River, describing the northern coastline of the Taimyr Peninsula from the Cape Faddey on the East to the mouth of the Taimyra River on the West. Chelyuskin found the northern extremity of Asia, which Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf would later name after him in 1843 (Cape Chelyuskin).
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Semyon Dezhnyov
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov (Russian: Семён Ива́нович Дежнёв; IPA: [sʲɪˈmʲɵn ɪˈvanəvʲɪt͡ɕ dʲɪˈʐnʲɵf]; commonly spelled Dezhnev in English-language sources; c. 1605 – 1673) was a Russian explorer of Siberia and the first European to sail through the Bering Strait, 80 years before Bering did. In 1648 he sailed from the Kolyma River on the Arctic Ocean to the Anadyr River on the Pacific. His exploit was forgotten for almost a hundred years and Vitus Bering is usually given credit for discovering the strait that bears his name.
He was Pomor, born about 1605, possibly at Veliky Ustyug or the village of Pinega. According to Lydia Black (2004: 17), Dezhnyov was recruited for Siberian service, possibly as a service-man or government agent, in 1630. He served for eight years in Tobolsk and Yeniseisk, and then went to Yakutia in 1639, or possibly earlier. He ”is said to have been a member of the Cossack detachment under Beketov, who is credited with founding Yakutsk (on the Lena River) in 1632. In any case, no later than 1639 he was sent to Yakutia, where he married a Yakut captive and spent the next three years collecting tribute from the natives.
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Shirase Nobu
Shirase Nobu (白瀬 矗?, July 20, 1861 – September 4, 1946) was a Japanese army officer who led the Japanese Antarctic Expedition, 1910–12. This expedition explored the coastal area of King Edward VII Land and the eastern part of the Ross Ice Shelf, reaching a latitude of 80°05'S. At one point, Shirase's men achieved an unexpected rendezvous with a party from the South Pole expedition led by Roald Amundsen.
Shirase and his men were the first humans to make a landfall on the Edward VII Peninsula. The Shirase party were feted as heroes on their return to Japan.[citation needed]
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Stepan Makarov
Stepan Osipovich Makarov (Russian: Степа́н О́сипович Мака́ров; 8 January 1849 [O.S. 27 December] – 13 April [O.S. 31 March] 1904) was a Russian vice-admiral, a highly accomplished and decorated commander of the Imperial Russian Navy, an oceanographer, awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences, and author of several books. Makarov also designed a small number of ships. The town of Shiritoru on Sakhalin island, was renamed Makarov in 1946 in his honor.
Stepan Makarov was born in Nikolaev (now Mykolayiv, Ukraine) in a family of a fleet praporshchik (прапорщик по Адмиралтейству, an auxiliary officer). His family moved to Nikolayevsk na Amure in 1858 and Makarov attended school there. In 1863, he joined the Imperial Russian Navy where he served as a cadet aboard a clipper of the Pacific Fleet. In 1866 he took part in the voyage of the corvette Askold from Vladivostok to Kronstadt via the Cape of Good Hope. Makarov served with the Baltic Fleet between 1867 and 1876 serving as flag captain to Admiral Andrei Popov. He transferred to the Black Sea Fleet in 1876.
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Stepan Malygin
Stepan Gavrilovich Malygin (Russian: Степан Гаврилович Малыгин) (died August 1, 1764) was a Russian Arctic explorer.
In 1711–1717, Stepan Malygin was a student at the Moscow School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences. After his graduation, Malygin began his career as a naval cadet and was then promoted to the rank of lieutenant four years later. He served in the Baltic Fleet until 1735.
Stepan Malygin was the first one to write a Russian manual on navigation called Сокращённая навигация по карте де-Редукцион (1733). In the early 1736, Malygin was appointed leader of the western unit of the Second Kamchatka Expedition. In 1736–1737, two boats Perviy (First) and Vtoroy (Second) under the command of Stepan Malygin and A.Skuratov undertook a voyage from the Dolgiy Island in the Barents Sea to the mouth of the Ob River. During this trip, Malygin described this part of the Russian Arctic coastline and made a map of the area between the Pechora and Ob Rivers.
In 1741–1748, Stepan Malygin was in charge of preparing navigators for the Russian Navy. In 1762, he was appointed head of the Admiralty office in Kazan.
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Sverre Hassel
Sverre Helge Hassel (30 July 1876 – 6 June 1928) was a Norwegian polar explorer and one of the first five people to reach the South Pole.
Sverre Hassel was born in Christiania, and as soon as he was old enough, he went to sea, earning his mate's certificate. Between 1898 and 1902, Hassel participated in Otto Sverdrup's attempt to circumnavigate Greenland.
Along with Helmer Hanssen, Hassel was picked as an expert dog driver to take part in Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition 1910 – 1912. On 14 December 1911, Hassel together with Amundsen, Hanssen, Olav Bjaaland and Oscar Wisting were the first to reach the South Pole. For his participation in the expedition, he was awarded the Medal of the South Pole (Sydpolsmedaljen), the Royal Norwegian award instituted by King Haakon VII in 1912 to reward participants in Roald Amundsen's South Pole expedition.
Hassel was constable of the Naval Corps in 1904 before he was hired as an assistant at the customs authorities in Kristiansand. In 1922, Hassel became customs inspector and office manager in Grimstad.
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Thomas Marmaduke
Thomas Marmaduke was an English explorer, sealer, and whaler in the early 17th century.
In a list dated from September 1600 Marmaduke is mentioned as being a younger brother of the Hull Trinity House. He was master of one of the two Hull interlopers sent to Bjørnøya in 1609. It was claimed that in this year, sailing in the Heartsease, he "discovered" Spitsbergen; although there is no evidence for this claim, and the island had already been discovered by the Dutch in 1596. On this claim the merchants of Hull based their rights to fish for whales in Spitsbergen in subsequent decades.
In 1611, Marmaduke was again sent up, this time in the interloper Hopewell of Hull. He hunted walrus, or "sea morses" (as they were called). In July, Marmaduke met with two shallops of the Mary Margaret, a ship sent by the Muscovy Company to hunt whales, in Horn Sound. Their ship had been crushed by ice in or near Cove Comfortless (Engelskbukta), north of Horn Sound. They led him north to the bay in order to salvage their goods. Later, the Elizabeth, Jonas Poole, master and pilot, sailed into the bay and attempted to shift his cargo to enable him to accommodate the goods of the Mary Margaret, but in doing so his ship capsized, forcing the crew of both the Mary Margaret and the Elizabeth to sail home in the Hopewell. In this year or the next he was claimed to have discovered Jan Mayen and named it Trinity Island. There is no cartographical or written evidence for this alleged discovery.
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Tobias Furneaux
Captain Tobias Furneaux (21 August 1735 – 18 September 1781) was an English navigator and Royal Navy officer, who accompanied James Cook on his second voyage of exploration. He was the first man to circumnavigate the world in both directions.
Furneaux was born at Swilly House near Plymouth, son of William Furneaux (1696-1748) of Swilly, and Susanna Wilcocks (1698-1775). He entered the Royal Navy, and was employed on the French and African coasts and in the West Indies during the latter part of the Seven Years' War (1760–1763). He served as second lieutenant of HMS Dolphin under Captain Samuel Wallis on the latter's voyage round the globe (August 1766 – May 1768).
In November 1771, Furneaux was given command of Adventure, which accompanied James Cook (in Resolution) on his second voyage. On this expedition Furneaux was twice separated from his leader (8 February 1773 to 19 May 1773; and 22 October 1773 to 14 October 1774, the date of his return to England). On the former occasion he explored a great part of the south and east coasts of Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), and made the earliest British chart of the same. Most of his names here survive; Cook, visiting the shore-line on his third voyage, confirmed Furneaux's account and delineation of it, with certain minor criticisms and emendations, and named after him the Furneaux Group at the eastern entrance to Bass Strait, and the group now known as the Low Archipelago.
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Tony Harrison
Tony Harrison (born 30 April 1937) is an English poet and playwright. He is noted for controversial works such as the poem V, as well as his versions of dramatic works: from ancient Greek (eg the tragedies Oresteia and Hecuba, from French Molière's The Misanthrope, from Middle English The Mysteries. He is also noted for his outspoken views, particularly against the Iraq War.
Tony Harrison was born in Leeds, and despite his working class background, he received a scholarship to be educated at Leeds Grammar School which then gave him the opportunity to study at the University of Leeds, where he read Classics and took a diploma in Linguistics. For some years he has lived in Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne.
The material of much of his early poetry is provided by the memories of his working-class childhood. But he mastered classical learning without abandoning a relationship to where he came from, and he writes in a strong English voice that is learned in Latin and Greek sources yet without a hint of 'Oxbridge'. His poems and translations show a powerful command of rhyme and an expert adaptation of colloquial speech. His best known collections are The Loiners (1970) and The School of Eloquence and the Penguin Selected Poems. Perhaps the poem that best illustrates his range, energy and ability to bring the joy of life and the anger with what is made of it together, is his A Kumquat for John Keats, written in Florida when he was 42.
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Umberto Nobile
Umberto Nobile (Italian pronunciation: [umˈbɛrto ˈnɔbile]; January 21, 1885 – July 30, 1978) was an Italian aeronautical engineer and Arctic explorer. Nobile was a developer and promoter of semi-rigid airships during the Golden Age of Aviation between the two World Wars. He is primarily remembered for designing and piloting the airship Norge, which may have been the first aircraft to reach the North Pole, and which was indisputably the first to fly across the polar ice cap from Europe to America. Nobile also designed and flew the Italia, a second polar airship; this second expedition ended in a deadly crash and provoked an international rescue effort.
Born in Lauro, in the southern Italian province of Avellino, Nobile graduated from the University of Naples with degrees in both electrical and industrial engineering. In 1906 he began working for the Italian state railways, where he worked on electrification of the rail system. In 1911 his interests turned to the field of aeronautical engineering, and he enrolled in a one-year course offered by the Italian Army. Nobile had always been fascinated by the work of airship pioneers such as Ferdinand von Zeppelin. When Italy entered World War I in 1915, the then 29-year-old attempted three times to enlist, but was rejected as physically unfit for service.
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Valerian Albanov
Valerian Ivanovich Albanov (Russian: Валериан Иванович Альбанов) (1881 - 1919) was a Russian navigator, best known for being one of only two survivors of the ill-fated Brusilov Expedition of 1912.
Albanov was born in 1881 in Voronezh and was raised by his uncle in the city of Ufa. At the age of seventeen he entered the Naval College at Saint Petersburg, from which he graduated in 1904. He served on board a number of ships before signing on as navigator aboard the Saint Anna under Georgy Brusilov for an expedition intended to traverse the Northeast Passage (a feat which had only been successfully performed once before, by the Finnish explorer Nordenskiöld). The expedition was ill-planned and ill-executed by Captain Brusilov, and the Saint Anna became locked in the polar ice of the Kara Sea in October 1912. Supplies were abundant, so officers and crew prepared themselves for wintering, hoping to be freed in the following year's thaw.
However, during 1913 the sea remained completely frozen. By early 1914 the ship had drifted with the ice NW of Franz Josef Land and did not seem likely to be freed that year either. Albanov, believing that their position was hopeless, requested permission from Captain Brusilov to be relieved from his duties as second-in-command in order to leave the ship and attempt to return to civilization on foot. Albanov's aim was to reach Hvidtenland, the northeastermost island group of Franz Josef Land. He used Fridtjof Nansen's inaccurate map, full of dotted lines where the archipelago was still unexplored.
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Valery Chkalov
Valery Pavlovich Chkalov (Russian: Валерий Павлович Чкалов; IPA: [vɐˈlʲerʲɪj ˈpavləvʲɪt͡ʃ ˈt͡ʃkaləf]) (February 2, 1904 – December 15, 1938) was a Russian aircraft test pilot and a Hero of the Soviet Union (1936).
Chkalov was born in the town of Vasilyevo, near Nizhni Novgorod, the son of a boiler maker. His mother died when he was six years old. Chkalov studied in the technical school in Cherepovets but later returned to work as an apprentice with his father and as a stoker on river boats. He saw his first plane in 1919 and decided to join the Red Army's air force. He trained as a pilot and graduated in 1924 joining a fighter squadron. Chkalov married Olga Orekova in 1927. In the early 1930s he became a test pilot.
Chkalov developed several new figures of aerobatics. In 1936 and 1937, he participated in several ultra long flights, including a 63-hour flight from Moscow, Soviet Union to Vancouver, Washington, United States via the North Pole on an Tupolev ANT-25 plane (June 18–20, 1937), a non-stop distance of 8,811 kilometres (5,475 mi). The flight pioneered the polar air route from Europe to the American Pacific Coast.
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Vasili Pronchishchev
Vasili Vasilyevich Pronchishchev (Russian: Василий Васильевич Прончищев) (1702–9 September [O.S. 29 August] 1736) was a Russian explorer.
In 1718, Vasili Pronchishchev graduated from Moscow School of Mathematics and Navigation and was promoted to naval cadet. In 1733, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant and appointed head of one of the units of the Second Kamchatka Expedition, the purpose of which was to map the shores of the Arctic Ocean from the mouth of the Lena to the mouth of the Yenisey.
In 1735, Vasili Pronchishchev went down the Lena River (from Yakutsk) on his sloop Yakutsk, doubled its delta, and stopped for wintering at the mouth of the Olenek River. Unfortunately many members of the crew fell ill and died, mainly owing to scurvy. Despite the difficulties, in 1736, he reached the eastern shore of the Taymyr Peninsula and went north along its coastline. Finally Pronchishchev and his wife Maria (also referred to as Tatyana Feodorovna) succumbed to scurvy and died on the way back.
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Vasily Chichagov
Vasili Yakovlevich Chichagov (Russian: Василий Яковлевич Чичагов) (February 28, 1726 – April 4, 1809) was an admiral in the Russian Navy and an explorer. He was the father of Pavel Chichagov, a Russian admiral during the Napoleonic Wars.
Joining the Navy at the age of 16, Chichagov was educated in Great Britain. Throughout his life, he would be enthusiastic for all thing British, would marry an English woman, and spend his declining years in the United Kingdom (after he had settled into retirement in 1797).
In 1764 the scientist Lomonosov organized an expedition to find the Northeast Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by sailing along the northern coast of Siberia. Chichagov, then serving as the deputy commandant of Arkhangelsk Port, was put in charge of the expedition with three ships, the Chichagov, the Panov and the Babayev. Although he sailed past Svalbard and reached 80°26'N in 1765 and 80°30'N in 1766, both expeditions failed to find the route.
Islands of Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, the Chichagof Island in the Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska, the bay and cape of Nuka Hiva, in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia, and a mountain at Spitzbergen are named after Chichagov.
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Vitus Bering
Vitus Jonassen Bering (baptised 5 August 1681 in Horsens, Denmark – 8 December 1741 on Bering Island, Russia) was a Danish-born navigator in the service of the Russian Navy as (eventually Captain-Komandor) Витус Ионассен Беринг, known among the Russian sailors as Ivan Ivanovich Bering. He is known for his two explorations of the north-eastern coast of the Asian continent and from there the western coast on the North American continent. The Bering Strait, the Bering Sea, Bering Island, Bering Glacier and the Bering Land Bridge have since all been (posthumously) named in honour of the explorer.
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Vivian Fuchs
Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs FRS (11 February 1908 – 11 November 1999) was an English explorer whose expeditionary team completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica in 1958.
Fuchs was the son of the German immigrant Ernst Fuchs from Jena and of his British wife Violet Watson. Fuchs was born in 1908 in Freshwater, Isle of Wight, and attended Brighton College and St John's College, Cambridge. Fuchs was educated as a geologist, and considered the profession a means to pursue his interest in the outdoors. His first expedition was to Greenland in 1929 with his tutor James Wordie. After graduation in 1930, he travelled with a Cambridge University expedition to study the geology of east African lakes with respect to climate fluctuation. Next, he joined anthropologist Louis Leakey on an expedition to Olduvai Gorge. In 1933, Fuchs married his cousin, Joyce Connell. A world traveller in her own right, Joyce accompanied Vivian on his expedition to Lake Rudolf (now Lake Turkana) in 1934. The findings from this expedition, in which two of their companions were lost, brought Fuchs his PhD from Cambridge in 1937.
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Vladimir Rusanov
Vladimir Alexandrovich Rusanov (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Руса́нов; 3 November [O.S. 15 November] 1875, Oryol – ca. 1913) was an experienced Russian geologist who specialized in the Arctic.
In 1909–1911 V. A. Rusanov carried out explorations in Novaya Zemlya. He was helped by Tyko Vylka, his guide, who later became the Chairman of the Novaya Zemlya Soviet.
In 1912 Rusanov had been appointed to command a government expedition to Svalbard to investigate the coal potential. He sailed from Aleksandrovsk-na-Murmane (now Polyarnyy, near Murmansk) on 26 June on ship Gerkules under Captain Alexander Kuchin, Roald Amundsen's South Pole navigator. The personnel consisted of thirteen men and one woman, Rusanov's French fiancée Julie Jean. Apart from Rusanov there was another geologist and a zoologist.
At the end of a very successful summer’s field work, three members of the expedition (the geologist, the zoologist and the ship's bosun) returned to Russia via Grønfjorden in Norway. The remaining ten, however, without consultation with the authorities in St. Petersburg, set off with Rusanov in an incredibly rash attempt at reaching the Pacific Ocean via the Northern Sea Route. Their ship Gerkules was too small for the kind of expedition Rusanov had in mind.
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Vladimir Wiese
Professor Vladimir Yulyevich Vize (Russian: Владимир Юльевич Визе; 21 February 1886, Tsarskoe Selo - 19 February 1954, Leningrad), was a Russian scientist of German descent who devoted his life to the study of the Arctic ice pack. His name (spelt "Wiese" in German) is associated with the Scientific Prediction of Ice Conditions theory.
Vize was a member of the Soviet Arctic Institute and an authority on polar oceanography. He was also the founder of the Geographico-hydrological School of Oceanography.
In 1912-14 Professor V. Yu. Vize went with G. L. Sedov’s expedition on St. Foka to Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. After the Russian Revolution Professor Vize went on a number of Soviet Arctic expeditions.
In 1924 oceanographer Vize, studied the drift of Georgy Brusilov's ill-fated Russian ship St. Anna when she was trapped on the pack ice of the Kara Sea. Professor Vize detected an odd deviation of the path of the ship's drift caused by certain variations of the patterns of sea and ice currents. He deemed that the deviation was caused by the presence of an undiscovered island whose coordinates he was able to calculate with precision thanks to the availability of the successive positions of the St. Anna during its drift. The data of the drift had been supplied by navigator Valerian Albanov, one of the only two survivors of the St. Anna.
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Wally Herbert
Sir Walter William "Wally" Herbert (24 October 1934 – 12 June 2007) was a British polar explorer, writer and artist. In 1969 he became the first man to walk undisputed to the North Pole, on the 60th anniversary of Robert Peary's famous, but disputed, expedition. He was described by Sir Ranulph Fiennes as "the greatest polar explorer of our time".
During the course of his polar career, which spanned more than 50 years, he spent 15 years in the wilderness regions of the polar world, and travelled with dog teams and open boats well over 23,000 miles - more than half of that distance through unexplored areas.
Walter Herbert was born into an army family in England but emigrated to Egypt at the age of three, then to South Africa for nine years. He studied at the Royal School of Military Survey then spent 18 months surveying in Egypt and Cyprus. He traveled back to England through Turkey and Greece, drawing portraits for his board and lodging.
In 1955 he carried out surveying in the Antarctic with the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey, during which he became an expert in dog sleighing. On a journey along the Antarctic Peninsula from Hope Bay to Portal Point he sledged some 5,000 km. This experience with dogs led him to a job with the New Zealand Antarctic programme which commissioned him to purchase dogs in Greenland for the Antarctic. There he learnt Inuit methods of dog driving.
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Wilhelm Filchner
Wilhelm Filchner (September 13, 1877 – May 7, 1957) was a German explorer.
At the age of 21, he participated in his first expedition, which led him to Russia. Two years later, he travelled alone and on horseback through the Pamir Mountains, from Osh to Murgabh to the upper Wakhan to Tashkurgan and back. From 1903 to 1905 he led an expedition through Tibet.
Following his return from Tibet, he was tasked with organizing a German expedition to map Antarctica. After a training expedition to Spitsbergen, they set off with their ship Deutschland on May 4, 1911. The expedition entered the Weddell Sea and discovered Luitpold Coast and the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, which Filchner had originally named after the German emperor Wilhelm II. They were the first expedition to enter further into Weddell Sea than James Weddell some 80 years before.
The ship overwintered in the pack ice after attempts to set up a base on the ice shelf had failed because of an iceberg calving. It was not until September 1912 that the Deutschland was free again and could return. During its drift in the Weddell Sea ice Filchner investigated the existence of New South Greenland, an alleged coastline seen by Captain Bejamin Morrell in 1823, during a sealing voyage. He found no trace, and concluded that Morrell had seen a mirage.
wn.com/Wilhelm_Filchner -
Willem Barentsz
Willem Barentsz (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈʋɪləm ˈbaːrənts], anglicized as William Barents or Barentz) (c. 1550 – 20 June 1597) was a Dutch navigator, cartographer, explorer, and a leader of early expeditions to the far north.
The Barents Sea,Barentsburg and Barents Region were all named after him.
Willem Barentsz was born around the year 1550 on the island Terschelling in the Seventeen Provinces.
A cartographer by trade, Barentsz sailed to Spain and the Mediterranean to complete an atlas of the Mediterranean region, which he co-published with Petrus Plancius.
His career as an explorer was spent searching for the Northeast passage, which he reasoned must exist as clear, open water north of Siberia since the sun shone 24 hours a day, which he believed would have melted any potential ice.
On 5 June 1594 Barentsz left the island of Texel aboard the small ship Mercury, as part of a group of three ships sent out in separate directions to try and enter the Kara Sea, with the hopes of finding the Northeast passage above Siberia. Between 23 and 29 June, Barentsz stayed at Kildin Island.
wn.com/Willem_Barentsz -
William Baffin
William Baffin (died 23 January 1622) was an English navigator and explorer. Nothing is known of his early life, but it is conjectured that he was born in London of humble origin, and gradually raised himself by his diligence and perseverance. (Britannica 11th Edition gives a year of birth as 1584, but this is simply a guess, without any documentary basis.)
There is no known portrait of William Baffin.
William Baffin explored the Arctic circle, the earliest mention of his name occurs in 1612, in connection with Denmark's King Christian IV's Expeditions to Greenland under the command of Captain James Hall, whom he accompanied as chief pilot. Captain Hall was killed in a fight with the local inhabitants on the west coast of Greenland, and during the following two years Baffin served in the Spitsbergen whale-fishery, at that time controlled by England's Muscovy Company. In the first year he served as pilot aboard the flagship of the whaling fleet, the Tiger, while in the second year he served as pilot aboard one of the fleet's two discovery ships, the Thomasine.
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William Lashly
William Lashly (1867–1940) was a Royal Navy seaman who was a member of both of Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic expeditions.
The son of a farm worker, Lashly was born in Hambledon, Hampshire, a village near Portsmouth, England. At the time he joined Scott's Discovery expedition in 1901, he was a 33-year-old leading stoker in the Royal Navy, serving on HMS Duke of Wellington. On this expedition, Lashly proved a success and was a member of Scott's "Farthest West" party exploring Victoria Land in 1903. A teetotaller and non-smoker, he was quiet and strong, good-natured, dependable and acknowledged by Chief Engineer Reginald Skelton as 'the best man far and away in the ship'. Before joining the Terra Nova expedition in 1910, he served as an instructor at the Royal Naval College, Osborne on the Isle of Wight.
On Scott's second expedition in Terra Nova in 1911–1913, Lashly was initially in charge of one of the expedition's two motor sledges which were to haul supplies southward in support of the polar party. However, the sledges quickly broke down, and the motor party had to switch to man-hauling the supplies.
wn.com/William_Lashly -
William Scoresby
William Scoresby (5 October 1789 – 21 March 1857), was an English Arctic explorer, scientist and clergyman.
Scoresby was born in the village of Cropton near Pickering 26 miles south of Whitby in Yorkshire. His father, William Scoresby (1760–1829), made a fortune in the Arctic whale fishery. The son made his first voyage with his father at the age of eleven, but then returned to school, where he remained until 1803. After this he became his father's constant companion, and accompanied him as chief officer of the whaler Resolution when on 25 May 1806, he succeeded in reaching 81°30’ N. lat. (19° E. long), for twenty-one years the highest northern latitude attained in the eastern hemisphere. During the following winter, Scoresby attended the natural philosophy and chemistry classes at Edinburgh University, and again in 1809.
In his voyage of 1807, Scoresby began the study of the meteorology and natural history of the polar regions. Earlier results included his original observations on snow and crystals; and in 1809 Robert Jameson brought certain Arctic papers of his before the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh, which at once elected him to its membership.
wn.com/William_Scoresby -
William Speirs Bruce
William Speirs Bruce FRSE (1 August 1867 – 28 October 1921) was a Scottish naturalist, polar scientist and oceanographer who organised and led the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (1902–04) to the South Orkney Islands and the Weddell Sea. Among other achievements, the expedition established the first permanent weather station in Antarctica. Bruce later founded the Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory, but his plans for a transcontinental Antarctic march via the South Pole were abandoned because of lack of public and financial support.
In 1892 Bruce abandoned his medical studies at the University of Edinburgh and joined the Dundee Whaling Expedition to Antarctica as a scientific assistant. This was followed by Arctic voyages to Novaya Zemlya, Spitsbergen and Franz Josef Land. In 1899 Bruce, by then Britain's most experienced polar scientist, applied for a post on Robert Falcon Scott's Discovery Expedition, but delays over this appointment and clashes with Royal Geographical Society (RGS) president Sir Clements Markham led him instead to organise his own expedition, and earned him the permanent enmity of the British geographical establishment. Although Bruce received various awards for his polar work, including an honorary doctorate from the University of Aberdeen, neither he nor any of his SNAE colleagues were recommended by the RGS for the prestigious Polar Medal.
wn.com/William_Speirs_Bruce -
Yakov Gakkel
Yakov Yakovlevich Gakkel (Russian: Яков Яковлевич Гаккель) (July 18, 1901, Saint Petersburg — December 30, 1965, Leningrad) was a Soviet oceanographer, doctor of geographical sciences (1950), professor, director of the geography department of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, son of a scientist Yakov Modestovich Gakkel.
Yakov Gakkel participated in numerous Arctic expeditions, including the ones on icebreakers Sibiryakov (1932) and Chelyuskin (1934). He was the first one to create a bathymetric map of the Arctic basin.
Yakov Gakkel was awarded two orders and several medals during his scientific career. In 1966, one of the mid-oceanic ridges was named after him.
This article includes content derived from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969–1978, which is partially in the public domain.
wn.com/Yakov_Gakkel -
Yakov Permyakov
Yakov Permyakov (Russian: Пермяков, Яков) (died 1712) was a Russian seafarer, explorer, merchant, and Cossack.
In 1710, while sailing from the Lena River to the Kolyma River, Permyakov observed the silhouette of two unknown island groups in the sea. Those islands would later be called Bolshoy Lyakhovsky and the Medvyezhi Islands.
In 1712, Permyakov and his companion Merkury Vagin crossed the Yana Bay from the mouth of the Yana to Bolshoy Lyakhovsky over the ice and explored the then unknown island. Permyakov and Vagin were murdered on the way back from their exploration by mutineering expedition members. The cossacks took Permyakov's dead body down to the ice and set it on fire. No one knows what the rebellious cossacks did with the ashes, but Yakov Permyakov's remains were never found.
wn.com/Yakov_Permyakov -
Yakov Sannikov
Yakov Sannikov (Russian: Яков Санников) (1780, Ust-Yansk - no earlier than 1812) was a Russian merchant and explorer of the New Siberian Islands.
In 1800, Sannikov discovered and charted Stolbovoy Island, and in 1805 Faddeyevsky Island. In 1809-1810, he took part in the expedition led by Matvei Gedenschtrom. In 1810, Sannikov crossed the island of New Siberia and a year later explored Faddeyevsky Island. He also discovered Bunge Land.
He suggested that there was a vast land north of the Kotelny Island. This hypothetical island has become known as Sannikov Land.
A strait between Maly Lyakhovsky and Kotelny islands bears Sannikov's name.
wn.com/Yakov_Sannikov -
Yevgeny Fyodorov
Yevgeny Konstantinovich Fyodorov (Russian: Евгений Константинович Фёдоров; 10 April (O.S. 28 March), 1910, Bendery - 30 December 1981) was a Soviet geophysicist, statesman, public figure, academician (1960), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938).
Yevgeny Fyodorov graduated from Leningrad State University in 1932. In 1932-1938, he was a research associate on several polar stations, including the first drifting ice station North Pole-1 (1937-1938). In 1938-1939, Yevgeny Fyodorov headed the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. In 1939-1947 and 1962–1974, he was in charge of the Soviet Weather Service (Гидрометеослужба СССР). In 1947-1955, Yevgeny Fyodorov was employed at the Geophysics Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. He was the one to establish and then head the Applied Geophysics Institute of the Soviet Weather Service.
Yevgeny Fyodorov authored numerous works dedicated to his research on the Arctic geophysical fields, water balance of clouds, artificial influence on meteorological processes, study of highest atmospheric layers with the use of satellites, pollution etc. Yevgeny Fyodorov was awarded the USSR State Prize (1946, 1969), five Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, six other orders, and several medals.
wn.com/Yevgeny_Fyodorov -
Yevgeny Tolstikov
Yevgeny Ivanovich Tolstikov (Russian: Евгений Иванович Толстиков) (1913 - December, 1987) was a Soviet polar explorer, awarded by the Hero of the Soviet Union title. He led the Third Soviet Antarctic Expedition and one of the first manned drifting ice station in the Arctic.
In 1979, he was made deputy chairman of the State Committee for Hydrometeorolgy and Environmental Control.
A minor planet 3357 Tolstikov discovered by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos in 1984 is named after him.
wn.com/Yevgeny_Tolstikov
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WIX FILTERS VS. FRAM FILTERS.wmv
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
this is a wix oil filter vs fram oil filter comparison. although there is no comparison here it is anyway
http://wn.com/WIX_FILTERS_VS_FRAM_FILTERSwmv
this is a wix oil filter vs fram oil filter comparison. although there is no comparison here it is anyway
( WARNING ) For You Fram Oil Filter Lover's.YouTube
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
pay a little now or pay a lot later ? .Fram Oil Filter VS Wix & K&N; Oil Filters ALL VIDEO CONTENT REMAIN THE SOLE PROPERTY OF THEIR OWNER THEY ARE UPLOADED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
http://wn.com/_WARNING_For_You_Fram_Oil_Filter_Lover'sYouTube
pay a little now or pay a lot later ? .Fram Oil Filter VS Wix & K&N; Oil Filters ALL VIDEO CONTENT REMAIN THE SOLE PROPERTY OF THEIR OWNER THEY ARE UPLOADED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.
- published: 20 Mar 2012
- views: 300756
- author: seenowayout
Nimo - Gungar fram (feat. Näääk & Kaliffa) [Officiell video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Första singel från Nimo's kommande album. "Gungar fram" gästas av Näääk & Kaliffa. Regi: Henning Cronheim Foto: Adrian Levander Köp låten här: itunes.apple.com Nimo på FaceBook: www.facebook.com Mer info: slangmusik.com
http://wn.com/Nimo_Gungar_fram_feat_Näääk_Kaliffa_Officiell_video_
Första singel från Nimo's kommande album. "Gungar fram" gästas av Näääk & Kaliffa. Regi: Henning Cronheim Foto: Adrian Levander Köp låten här: itunes.apple.com Nimo på FaceBook: www.facebook.com Mer info: slangmusik.com
- published: 04 Jul 2011
- views: 535688
- author: SlangMusik
Snook - Längst Fram I Taxin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Längst Fram I Taxin
http://wn.com/Snook_Längst_Fram_I_Taxin
Fronda - Rullar Fram (Original)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Fronda - Rullar Fram (Original)
http://wn.com/Fronda_Rullar_Fram_Original
best iphone 5 clone Kiphone i5 metal fram same size dual core android phone hands on
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
www.fastcardtech.com This video Edit by www.fastcardtech.com Fastcardtech.com Since 2005, Best Price Best Service Best Products Email：support@fastcardtech.com If you like join FCT Affiliate Program Please vist Find more information: www.fastcardtech.com Best android mobile phone outlets www.fastcardtech.com Best android tablets pc outlets: www.fastcardtech.com Fastcardtech blog:www.fastcardtech.com Fastcardtech Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow our Twitter: twitter.com FCT tech support blog: www.talkingmobi.com Subscribe our YouTube Join our FACEBOOK Follow our Twitter You will have chance get Coupons and free mobile phones and tablet PCs
http://wn.com/best_iphone_5_clone_Kiphone_i5_metal_fram_same_size_dual_core_android_phone_hands_on
www.fastcardtech.com This video Edit by www.fastcardtech.com Fastcardtech.com Since 2005, Best Price Best Service Best Products Email：support@fastcardtech.com If you like join FCT Affiliate Program Please vist Find more information: www.fastcardtech.com Best android mobile phone outlets www.fastcardtech.com Best android tablets pc outlets: www.fastcardtech.com Fastcardtech blog:www.fastcardtech.com Fastcardtech Facebook: www.facebook.com Follow our Twitter: twitter.com FCT tech support blog: www.talkingmobi.com Subscribe our YouTube Join our FACEBOOK Follow our Twitter You will have chance get Coupons and free mobile phones and tablet PCs
- published: 28 Dec 2012
- views: 23398
- author: Fastcardtech2012
purolator vs fram oil filters
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
done for a friend with his generious grant of 10$ to show why she should get anything other than a fram.
http://wn.com/purolator_vs_fram_oil_filters
done for a friend with his generious grant of 10$ to show why she should get anything other than a fram.
- published: 25 Jun 2012
- views: 3755
- author: ApSykesThewolf
Ulver - Lost In Moments
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:15
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Band: Ulver Album: Perdition City Genre: Electronic/Ambient Year: 2000 And now for something different.
http://wn.com/Ulver_Lost_In_Moments
Band: Ulver Album: Perdition City Genre: Electronic/Ambient Year: 2000 And now for something different.
- published: 20 Feb 2010
- views: 78148
- author: PerpetualAscent
Niantic Project - Summary up to 11/15/2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:23
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Find Out More: www.nianticproject.com http Wiki: niantic.schlarp.com IRC: widget00.mibbit.com
http://wn.com/Niantic_Project_Summary_up_to_11_15_2012
Find Out More: www.nianticproject.com http Wiki: niantic.schlarp.com IRC: widget00.mibbit.com
- published: 15 Nov 2012
- views: 13199
- author: Aubron Wood
BOULEVARD - Far From Over
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Second video from Canadian band Boulevard's debut from 1988.
http://wn.com/BOULEVARD_Far_From_Over
Second video from Canadian band Boulevard's debut from 1988.
- published: 24 Nov 2006
- views: 104027
- author: kurdtss
titanic flying scene
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
i never made this footage. It's from a different website which i didn't make this video
http://wn.com/titanic_flying_scene
i never made this footage. It's from a different website which i didn't make this video
- published: 10 Apr 2012
- views: 50450
- author: 101Rosedawson
Talang 2010 Sverige - Carl Tillenius trollar fram en prins
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Carl Tillenius trollar fram en prins i kort.
http://wn.com/Talang_2010_Sverige_Carl_Tillenius_trollar_fram_en_prins
Nimo Cheebs Ft Näääk - Gungar fram (kaliffa)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 11 Jan 2013
Ny Singel!
http://wn.com/Nimo_Cheebs_Ft_Näääk_Gungar_fram_kaliffa
Mia & Klara Del 1 (HQ)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:51
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Mia & Klara är en svensk komedi. Väldigt KUL!
http://wn.com/Mia_Klara_Del_1_HQ
Mia & Klara är en svensk komedi. Väldigt KUL!
- published: 16 Mar 2009
- views: 101644
- author: HugoFotboll
Minecraft Snapshot 12w34a (CARROTS! POTATOES! WALLS! FRAMES! MORE!)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:23
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Discuss this snapshot @ Punchwood.com! Test drive of Minecraft Weekly Snapshot 12w34a including: Carrots, Potatoes, Night Vision and Invisibility potions, Wall blocks, dyed armor, object frames, flower pots, baked potatoes, golden carrots, poison potatoes, new trapdoors, new maps, animals going through portals! Get the Minecraft snapshot here: bit.ly Reddit "unofficial" change-log: bit.ly WEB: punchwood.com TWITTER twitter.com FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com Get Minecraft here: minecraft.net
http://wn.com/Minecraft_Snapshot_12w34a_CARROTS!_POTATOES!_WALLS!_FRAMES!_MORE!
Discuss this snapshot @ Punchwood.com! Test drive of Minecraft Weekly Snapshot 12w34a including: Carrots, Potatoes, Night Vision and Invisibility potions, Wall blocks, dyed armor, object frames, flower pots, baked potatoes, golden carrots, poison potatoes, new trapdoors, new maps, animals going through portals! Get the Minecraft snapshot here: bit.ly Reddit "unofficial" change-log: bit.ly WEB: punchwood.com TWITTER twitter.com FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com Get Minecraft here: minecraft.net
- published: 23 Aug 2012
- views: 127758
- author: paulsoaresjr
Avsnitt 35: Ayla improviserar fram en Ayla-låt live - Kärleksattackens webbteve
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:23
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Ametist ringde i hemlighet en av Aylas producenter Masse Salazar och fick ett beat som hon överraskade Ayla med live i radio. Hon bad de improvisera fram en Ayla-låt! Hör Mohammed Ali, Stor och Carlito i "En kärleksattack på svensk hiphop" med Ametist i Metropol 93,8/Sveriges Radio. Film producerad av: Jonni Ferretto "En kärleksattack på svensk hiphop" i Sveriges Radio är landets största och första program som sedan 2007 ägnas helt åt den svenska hiphopen. Här bor svensk hiphop. Hemsida: sverigesradio.se Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Avsnitt_35_Ayla_improviserar_fram_en_Ayla-låt_live_Kärleksattackens_webbteve
Ametist ringde i hemlighet en av Aylas producenter Masse Salazar och fick ett beat som hon överraskade Ayla med live i radio. Hon bad de improvisera fram en Ayla-låt! Hör Mohammed Ali, Stor och Carlito i "En kärleksattack på svensk hiphop" med Ametist i Metropol 93,8/Sveriges Radio. Film producerad av: Jonni Ferretto "En kärleksattack på svensk hiphop" i Sveriges Radio är landets största och första program som sedan 2007 ägnas helt åt den svenska hiphopen. Här bor svensk hiphop. Hemsida: sverigesradio.se Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com
- published: 21 Nov 2011
- views: 114741
- author: Karleksattacken
Mr Saxo Beat by Alexandra Stan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Street Jazz Beg. Class every Saturday 2PM @ O School www.facebook.com/allegra.gong twitter.com/AllegraGong DISCLAIMER: This video is for educational and non-profit purposes only and the songs are credited. For inspirational purposes only. Please respect the creative work of this choreographer/dancers. Duplicating or recycling these moves in any shape or form for your own use (without permission) is prohibited and "shameful."
http://wn.com/Mr_Saxo_Beat_by_Alexandra_Stan
Street Jazz Beg. Class every Saturday 2PM @ O School www.facebook.com/allegra.gong twitter.com/AllegraGong DISCLAIMER: This video is for educational and non-profit purposes only and the songs are credited. For inspirational purposes only. Please respect the creative work of this choreographer/dancers. Duplicating or recycling these moves in any shape or form for your own use (without permission) is prohibited and "shameful."
- published: 02 Dec 2011
- views: 195910
- author: Gong Allegra
Slovakia 0-4 Armenia (Словакия 0-4 Армения) Euro 2012 qualification HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:51
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Slovakia 0-4 Armenia Словакия 0-4 Армения Euro 2012 qualification Голы: 0:1 -- Мовсисян (57), 0:2 -- Мхитарян (70), 0:3 -- Казарян (80), 0:4 -- Саркисов (90).
http://wn.com/Slovakia_0-4_Armenia_Словакия_0-4_Армения_Euro_2012_qualification_HD
Slovakia 0-4 Armenia Словакия 0-4 Армения Euro 2012 qualification Голы: 0:1 -- Мовсисян (57), 0:2 -- Мхитарян (70), 0:3 -- Казарян (80), 0:4 -- Саркисов (90).
- published: 06 Sep 2011
- views: 104171
- author: MrR0B55
Fram Vocational School
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
Fram Vocational School, is new built vocational school found in wobulenzi - Luwero district on nakaseke road,bukolwa trading centre, Registration of students in proress Academic year starts on 18th Feb 2013!
http://wn.com/Fram_Vocational_School
Fram Vocational School, is new built vocational school found in wobulenzi - Luwero district on nakaseke road,bukolwa trading centre, Registration of students in proress Academic year starts on 18th Feb 2013!
- published: 18 Jan 2013
- author: Tony Namugera
Lady Gaga - "Judas"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Street Jazz II Every Wednesday @ 7.30pm O School www.oschool.com.sg Hello, this is my choreo to Lady Gaga's "Judas".. I know it's been quite some time. Hope you guys like this... And thanks again for always supporting.. Much Love, Fredy
http://wn.com/Lady_Gaga_Judas
Street Jazz II Every Wednesday @ 7.30pm O School www.oschool.com.sg Hello, this is my choreo to Lady Gaga's "Judas".. I know it's been quite some time. Hope you guys like this... And thanks again for always supporting.. Much Love, Fredy
- published: 29 May 2011
- views: 613728
- author: k0szzz
Ebba Grön - Staten Och Kapitalet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:18
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Lyrics: Kapitalet höjer hyrorna och staten bostadsbidragen så kan man fiffla en smula med den järnhårda lönelagen och till och med betala mindre i lön än priset för mat och för hyra för staten skjuter så gärna till om levnadsomkostnaderna blivit allt för dyra. Sida vid sida, tillsammans hjälps dom åt staten och kapitalet, dom sitter i samma båt fast det är inte dom som ror, som ror så svetten lackar och piskan som kittlar, kittlar inte heller deras feta nackar. Skolans uppgift är som sig bör att skola arbetskraften om kvastarna skall sopa bra får man inte slarva med skaften spärrar och kvoter och testprogram är ett system för att sålla agnarna från vetet och för var o en till hans rätta fålla. Sida vid sida, tillsammans stryker de fram staten och kapitalet, två vargar fromma som lamm fast det är inte dom som ror, som ror så att svetten lackar och piskan som kittlar, kittlar inte heller deras feta nackar. Sida vid sida, tillsammans hjälps dom åt staten och kapitalet, dom sitter i samma båt fast det är inte dom som ror, som ror så svetten lackar och piskan som kittlar, kittlar inte heller deras feta nackar. Tempot höjs vid maskinerna, här drillar man eliten produktionen har inte plats för den som blivit illa sliten men för att ingen skall tro att det är något fel med de tunga ackorden betraktas han som ett sjukdomsfall och behandlas av den barmhartiga arbetsvården. Sida vid sida, tillsammans stryker de fram staten och kapitalet, två vargar fromma som lamm men det är inte ...
http://wn.com/Ebba_Grön_Staten_Och_Kapitalet
Lyrics: Kapitalet höjer hyrorna och staten bostadsbidragen så kan man fiffla en smula med den järnhårda lönelagen och till och med betala mindre i lön än priset för mat och för hyra för staten skjuter så gärna till om levnadsomkostnaderna blivit allt för dyra. Sida vid sida, tillsammans hjälps dom åt staten och kapitalet, dom sitter i samma båt fast det är inte dom som ror, som ror så svetten lackar och piskan som kittlar, kittlar inte heller deras feta nackar. Skolans uppgift är som sig bör att skola arbetskraften om kvastarna skall sopa bra får man inte slarva med skaften spärrar och kvoter och testprogram är ett system för att sålla agnarna från vetet och för var o en till hans rätta fålla. Sida vid sida, tillsammans stryker de fram staten och kapitalet, två vargar fromma som lamm fast det är inte dom som ror, som ror så att svetten lackar och piskan som kittlar, kittlar inte heller deras feta nackar. Sida vid sida, tillsammans hjälps dom åt staten och kapitalet, dom sitter i samma båt fast det är inte dom som ror, som ror så svetten lackar och piskan som kittlar, kittlar inte heller deras feta nackar. Tempot höjs vid maskinerna, här drillar man eliten produktionen har inte plats för den som blivit illa sliten men för att ingen skall tro att det är något fel med de tunga ackorden betraktas han som ett sjukdomsfall och behandlas av den barmhartiga arbetsvården. Sida vid sida, tillsammans stryker de fram staten och kapitalet, två vargar fromma som lamm men det är inte ...
- published: 11 Nov 2008
- views: 199265
- author: Notasthinkasudrunkim
Tangerudbakken Push-Ups
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:58
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Gutta i Tangerudbakken Boretslag viser deg hvordan det skal gjøres! :-)
http://wn.com/Tangerudbakken_Push-Ups
Gutta i Tangerudbakken Boretslag viser deg hvordan det skal gjøres! :-)
- published: 20 May 2010
- views: 487049
- author: TiwYfle1
Amilcare Ponchielli - La Danza de las Horas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:37
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Amilcare Ponchielli (Paderno Fasolaro, 31 de agosto o 1 de septiembre de 1834 - Milán, 16 o 17 de enero de 1886) fue un compositor italiano. Actualmente, su obra más conocida es La Gioconda. Carrera: Comenzó a estudiar con su padre, que era organista. A los nueve años ingresó en el conservatorio de Milán. Fue organista en la iglesia de San Hilario en Cremona, donde también fue profesor de música. Fue maestro director de las bandas municipales de Piacenza y Cremona, y para ellas compuso algunas obras. En 1881 fue nombrado maestro de capilla de Santa María la Mayor en Bérgamo. En 1883 entra como profesor en el Conservatorio de Milán. Entre otros alumnos, tuvo a Giacomo Puccini y Pietro Mascagni. Se casó con la cantante Teresa Brambilla. Falleció de pulmonía. Estilo: Sus óperas, representadas con mucho éxito, son óperas italianas con cierta influencia de la gran ópera francesa: gran número de personajes, ballet y participación del coro. Influyó en los compositores posteriores del verismo. Óperas: Il sindaco babbeo, Milán 1851 (perdida) I promessi sposi, Cremona 1856; segunda versión: Milán 1872, basada en la obra de Alessandro Manzoni Bertrando dal Bormio, 1858 (inacabada) La Savoiarda, Cremona 1861; segunda versión: Lina, Milán 1877. Ópera semiseria. Roderico re dei Goti, Piacenza 1863 La vergine di Kermo (1870) Il parlatore eterno, Lecco 1873 I Lituani, Milán 1874; segunda versión: Aldona, San Petersburgo, 1884. La Gioconda, Milán, 1876 - Milán 1880. De esta obra, la pieza ...
http://wn.com/Amilcare_Ponchielli_La_Danza_de_las_Horas
Amilcare Ponchielli (Paderno Fasolaro, 31 de agosto o 1 de septiembre de 1834 - Milán, 16 o 17 de enero de 1886) fue un compositor italiano. Actualmente, su obra más conocida es La Gioconda. Carrera: Comenzó a estudiar con su padre, que era organista. A los nueve años ingresó en el conservatorio de Milán. Fue organista en la iglesia de San Hilario en Cremona, donde también fue profesor de música. Fue maestro director de las bandas municipales de Piacenza y Cremona, y para ellas compuso algunas obras. En 1881 fue nombrado maestro de capilla de Santa María la Mayor en Bérgamo. En 1883 entra como profesor en el Conservatorio de Milán. Entre otros alumnos, tuvo a Giacomo Puccini y Pietro Mascagni. Se casó con la cantante Teresa Brambilla. Falleció de pulmonía. Estilo: Sus óperas, representadas con mucho éxito, son óperas italianas con cierta influencia de la gran ópera francesa: gran número de personajes, ballet y participación del coro. Influyó en los compositores posteriores del verismo. Óperas: Il sindaco babbeo, Milán 1851 (perdida) I promessi sposi, Cremona 1856; segunda versión: Milán 1872, basada en la obra de Alessandro Manzoni Bertrando dal Bormio, 1858 (inacabada) La Savoiarda, Cremona 1861; segunda versión: Lina, Milán 1877. Ópera semiseria. Roderico re dei Goti, Piacenza 1863 La vergine di Kermo (1870) Il parlatore eterno, Lecco 1873 I Lituani, Milán 1874; segunda versión: Aldona, San Petersburgo, 1884. La Gioconda, Milán, 1876 - Milán 1880. De esta obra, la pieza ...
- published: 03 Oct 2008
- views: 146502
- author: ElMiusikman
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Fritt Fram: Det meste og det beste (Høydepunkter)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 87:32
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
En klippshow med det aller beste fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram, som ble sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001. "Kllippshowet" ble laget i 2000 og inneholder defor høydepunkter fra perioden 1999-2000.
Vi befinner oss i år 2073. Vaske er blitt gammel og befinner seg på Hiet Hvilehjem for rike vaskebjørner. En dag får han besøk av en forfatter som ønsker å skrive bok om Asgeir. Vaske forteller gjerne om de morsomme årene de hadde sammen. Men hvor ble det egentlig ble av Asgeir? Han forsvant for over 70 år siden ...
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Det_meste_og_det_beste_Høydepunkter
En klippshow med det aller beste fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram, som ble sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001. "Kllippshowet" ble laget i 2000 og inneholder defor høydepunkter fra perioden 1999-2000.
Vi befinner oss i år 2073. Vaske er blitt gammel og befinner seg på Hiet Hvilehjem for rike vaskebjørner. En dag får han besøk av en forfatter som ønsker å skrive bok om Asgeir. Vaske forteller gjerne om de morsomme årene de hadde sammen. Men hvor ble det egentlig ble av Asgeir? Han forsvant for over 70 år siden ...
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 10183
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Asgeir møter Vaske
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Klipp fra den aller første episoden av den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske dukker opp i Det magiske studio og møter Asgeir for aller første gang.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Asgeir_møter_Vaske
Klipp fra den aller første episoden av den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske dukker opp i Det magiske studio og møter Asgeir for aller første gang.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 2353
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Tre meter høye Asgeir
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir vil finne ut hvordan det er å være tre meter høy, men er det egentlig så greit?
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
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http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Tre_meter_høye_Asgeir
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir vil finne ut hvordan det er å være tre meter høy, men er det egentlig så greit?
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 847
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Asgeir måler bråk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir har lyst til å finne ut hvor høyt folk kan bråke, så han tar seg en tur ut i Oslos gater med en lydmåler for å finne svar.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Asgeir_måler_bråk
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir har lyst til å finne ut hvor høyt folk kan bråke, så han tar seg en tur ut i Oslos gater med en lydmåler for å finne svar.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1252
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Vaske lurer Asgeir
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske har lyst til å lure Asgeir litt, så han gjør seg om til en liten menneskegutt og serverer blant annet vafler med en liten overasskelse.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Vaske_lurer_Asgeir
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske har lyst til å lure Asgeir litt, så han gjør seg om til en liten menneskegutt og serverer blant annet vafler med en liten overasskelse.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 3227
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Asgeirs bursdag
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir er lei seg fordi ingen har hukset bursdagen hans, men Vaske har en overasskelse til han - og det har moren hans også!
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Asgeirs_bursdag
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir er lei seg fordi ingen har hukset bursdagen hans, men Vaske har en overasskelse til han - og det har moren hans også!
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1631
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Vaske tar farvel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske forlater Fritt Fram, da han skal reise ut i verden for å bli internasjonal superstjerne. Han er redd for hvordan folk til å oppføre seg når de ser han, men Det magiske studioet har er overasskelse til han.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Vaske_tar_farvel
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske forlater Fritt Fram, da han skal reise ut i verden for å bli internasjonal superstjerne. Han er redd for hvordan folk til å oppføre seg når de ser han, men Det magiske studioet har er overasskelse til han.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1728
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Jeg vil bli"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:54
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Musikkvideo til sangen "Jeg vil bli" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Jeg_vil_bli
Musikkvideo til sangen "Jeg vil bli" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 2460
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Mamma"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Musikkvideo til sangen "Mamma" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Mamma
Musikkvideo til sangen "Mamma" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 5523
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Skummelt"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Musikkvideo til sangen "Skummelt"" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Skummelt
Musikkvideo til sangen "Skummelt"" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 2000
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Klagesang"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Musikkvideo til sangen "Klagesang" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
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Musikkvideo til sangen "Klagesang" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
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- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1342
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "En cowboy tar banjoen frem"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Musikkvideo til sangen "En cowboy tar banjoen frem"" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_En_cowboy_tar_banjoen_frem
Musikkvideo til sangen "En cowboy tar banjoen frem"" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 532
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "30 røvere"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Musikkvideo til sangen "30 røvere" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_30_røvere
Musikkvideo til sangen "30 røvere" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1629
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Vaskesang"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Musikkvideo til sangen "Vaskesang" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Vaskesang
Musikkvideo til sangen "Vaskesang" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 4207
- author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Ny natt"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Musikkvideo til sangen "Ny natt" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
http://wn.com/Fritt_Fram_Ny_natt
Musikkvideo til sangen "Ny natt" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 868
- author: HAAJHA
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2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Fuel Saturday Qualifying
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Top_Fuel_Saturday_Qualifying
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Funny Car Saturday Qualifying
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Funny_Car_Saturday_Qualifying
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Saturday Qualifying
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Pro_Stock_Saturday_Qualifying
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Motorcycle Saturday Qualifying
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Pro_Stock_Motorcycle_Saturday_Qualifying
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Larry Dixon Warm Up
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
2010 NHRA Top Fuel World Champion Larry Dixon along with Crew Chief Jason McCulloch & crew warm up the Al-Anabi Racing dragster before 1st Round at Sonoma.
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Larry_Dixon_Warm_Up
2010 NHRA Top Fuel World Champion Larry Dixon along with Crew Chief Jason McCulloch & crew warm up the Al-Anabi Racing dragster before 1st Round at Sonoma.
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 930
- author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Doug Kalitta Warm Up
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Doug Kalitta and crew warm up the Kalitta Motorsports, Technicoat Top Fuel dragster in it's new colors.
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Doug_Kalitta_Warm_Up
Doug Kalitta and crew warm up the Kalitta Motorsports, Technicoat Top Fuel dragster in it's new colors.
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 354
- author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Fuel Eliminations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Top_Fuel_Eliminations
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Funny Car Eliminations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Funny_Car_Eliminations
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Eliminations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Pro_Stock_Eliminations
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Motorcycle Eliminations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:34
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Pro_Stock_Motorcycle_Eliminations
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Dragster Top Sportsman 3rd Rd thru Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Top_Dragster_Top_Sportsman_3rd_Rd_thru_Final
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Stock & Super Stock 3rd Rd thru Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Stock_Super_Stock_3rd_Rd_thru_Final
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Super Gas & Super Comp Sunday Eliminations
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
3rd round thru Finals
http://wn.com/2011_NHRA_Fram_Autolite_Nationals_Super_Gas_Super_Comp_Sunday_Eliminations
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![Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/aEufq7Rn7e0/default.jpg "Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]")
Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Présentation du Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** à Anissaras (Crète). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-aquis-bella-beach.htm?xtor=AD-318794
http://wn.com/Framissima_Aquis_Bella_Beach_*****_Voyage_FRAM_Officiel_
Présentation du Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** à Anissaras (Crète). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-aquis-bella-beach.htm?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 1759
- author: VoyagesFRAM
![Framissima Les Oliveres **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Y2JOp05F9P8/default.jpg "Framissima Les Oliveres **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]")
Framissima Les Oliveres **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:03
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Présentation du Framissima Les Oliveres **** sur la Costa Dorada (Espagne). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-les-oliveres.htm?xtor=AD-318794
http://wn.com/Framissima_Les_Oliveres_****_Voyages_FRAM_officiel_
Présentation du Framissima Les Oliveres **** sur la Costa Dorada (Espagne). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-les-oliveres.htm?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 5214
- author: VoyagesFRAM
![Framissima Mare Monte **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/S3OCUhTVOFM/default.jpg "Framissima Mare Monte **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]")
Framissima Mare Monte **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Présentation du Framissima Mare Monte **** à Georgioupolis (Crète). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-mare-monte.htm?xtor=AD-318794
http://wn.com/Framissima_Mare_Monte_****_Voyages_FRAM_officiel_
Présentation du Framissima Mare Monte **** à Georgioupolis (Crète). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-mare-monte.htm?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 3757
- author: VoyagesFRAM
![Framissima Palm Beach **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/9Jl2GWNwaGM/default.jpg "Framissima Palm Beach **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]")
Framissima Palm Beach **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Présentation du Framissima Palm Beach **** à Saly (Sénégal). Plus d'infos et réservations sur www.fram.fr
Voir le lien officiel vers FRAM: http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/senegal/saly/palm-beach-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
http://wn.com/Framissima_Palm_Beach_****_Voyage_FRAM_Officiel_
Présentation du Framissima Palm Beach **** à Saly (Sénégal). Plus d'infos et réservations sur www.fram.fr
Voir le lien officiel vers FRAM: http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/senegal/saly/palm-beach-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 1898
- author: VoyagesFRAM
![Framissima Regency **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/fEX9Yr05ung/default.jpg "Framissima Regency **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]")
Framissima Regency **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Voir la video du Framissima Regency **** à Monastir (Tunisie).
Lien sur le site officiel de FRAM :
http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/tunisie/monastir/regency.html
http://wn.com/Framissima_Regency_****_Voyage_FRAM_Officiel_
Voir la video du Framissima Regency **** à Monastir (Tunisie).
Lien sur le site officiel de FRAM :
http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/tunisie/monastir/regency.html
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 1811
- author: VoyagesFRAM
![Framissima Les Idrissides**** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/XOKqW5zUBhA/default.jpg "Framissima Les Idrissides**** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]")
Framissima Les Idrissides**** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Voir la vidéo du framissima Les idrissides **** à Marrakech (Maroc).
Lien sur le site officiel FRAM : http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/maroc/marrakech/les-idrissides-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
http://wn.com/Framissima_Les_Idrissides****_Voyage_FRAM_Officiel_
Voir la vidéo du framissima Les idrissides **** à Marrakech (Maroc).
Lien sur le site officiel FRAM : http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/maroc/marrakech/les-idrissides-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 4566
- author: VoyagesFRAM
![Framissima Torre Del Barone *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/7F0Ae1EeESY/default.jpg "Framissima Torre Del Barone *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]")
Framissima Torre Del Barone *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Voir la vidéo du Framissima Torre Del Barone **** à Sciacca (Sicile).
Voir le lien vers le site : http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/sicile/sciacca/torre-del-barone-ete-2011.htm?xtor=AD-318794
http://wn.com/Framissima_Torre_Del_Barone_***_Voyage_FRAM_Officiel_
Voir la vidéo du Framissima Torre Del Barone **** à Sciacca (Sicile).
Voir le lien vers le site : http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/sicile/sciacca/torre-del-barone-ete-2011.htm?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 2098
- author: VoyagesFRAM
![Framissima Pamplona *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130118131929im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/_6-GO-Kdn-c/default.jpg "Framissima Pamplona *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]")
Framissima Pamplona *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Voir la vidéo du Framissima Pamplona *** à Playa de palma (Majorque).
Lien vers le site officiel de fRAM: http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/majorque/playa-de-palma/pamplona-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
http://wn.com/Framissima_Pamplona_***_Voyage_FRAM_Officiel_
Voir la vidéo du Framissima Pamplona *** à Playa de palma (Majorque).
Lien vers le site officiel de fRAM: http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/majorque/playa-de-palma/pamplona-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 2287
- author: VoyagesFRAM
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Elas cantam Roberto - Olha - Ivete Sangalo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
http://wn.com/Elas_cantam_Roberto_Olha_Ivete_Sangalo
Roberto Carlos - Amor Pefeito com Claudinha Leitte
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Roberto Carlos Especial 2005 - Amor Perfeito com Claudinha Leitte. Grabação direta do satêlite EchoStar 3 pra Amêrica do Norte da TV GLOBO Internacional. Abraços!! Feliz Natal !!
Amor Perfeito
Roberto Carlos
Composição: Michael Sulivan/Paulo Massadas
Fecho os olhos pra não ver passar o tempo, sinto falta de você
Anjo bom, amor perfeito no meu peito, sem você não sei viver
Vem, que eu conto os dias conto as horas pra te ver
Eu não consigo te esquecer
Cada minuto é muito tempo sem você, sem você
Os segundos vão passando lentamente, não tem hora pra chegar
Até quando te querendo, te amando, coração quer te encontrar
Vem, que nos seus braços esse amor é uma canção
E eu não consigo te esquecer
Cada minuto é muito tempo sem você, sem você
Eu não vou saber me acostumar sem sua mão pra me acalmar
Sem seu olhar pra me entender, sem seu carinho, amor, sem você
Vem me tirar da solidão, fazer feliz meu coração
Já não importa quem errou, o que passou, passou então vem
Vem, vem, vem
Uma das minhas favoritas canções de tudos os tempos!! Que eu dedico com tudo o meu amor e o meu carinho a:
Laura Angélica Juárez Cedeño
http://wn.com/Roberto_Carlos_Amor_Pefeito_com_Claudinha_Leitte
Roberto Carlos Especial 2005 - Amor Perfeito com Claudinha Leitte. Grabação direta do satêlite EchoStar 3 pra Amêrica do Norte da TV GLOBO Internacional. Abraços!! Feliz Natal !!
Amor Perfeito
Roberto Carlos
Composição: Michael Sulivan/Paulo Massadas
Fecho os olhos pra não ver passar o tempo, sinto falta de você
Anjo bom, amor perfeito no meu peito, sem você não sei viver
Vem, que eu conto os dias conto as horas pra te ver
Eu não consigo te esquecer
Cada minuto é muito tempo sem você, sem você
Os segundos vão passando lentamente, não tem hora pra chegar
Até quando te querendo, te amando, coração quer te encontrar
Vem, que nos seus braços esse amor é uma canção
E eu não consigo te esquecer
Cada minuto é muito tempo sem você, sem você
Eu não vou saber me acostumar sem sua mão pra me acalmar
Sem seu olhar pra me entender, sem seu carinho, amor, sem você
Vem me tirar da solidão, fazer feliz meu coração
Já não importa quem errou, o que passou, passou então vem
Vem, vem, vem
Uma das minhas favoritas canções de tudos os tempos!! Que eu dedico com tudo o meu amor e o meu carinho a:
Laura Angélica Juárez Cedeño
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 1797961
- author: gmurgel
Os seus botões - Ivete Sangalo - Elas cantam Roberto - Homenagem a Roberto Carlos
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Os seus botões - Roberto Carlos -
Os botões da blusa que voce usava
E meio confusa desabotoava
Iam pouco a pouco me deixando ver
No meio de tudo
Um pouco de voce
Nos lençois macios
Amantes se dão
Travesseiros soltos
Roupas pelo chão
Braços que se abraçam
Bocas que murmuram
Palavras de amor
Enquanto se procuram
Chovia lá fora
E a capa pendurada assistia a tudo
E não dizia nada
E aquela blusa que voce usava
Num canto qualquer
Tranquila esperava
http://wn.com/Os_seus_botões_Ivete_Sangalo_Elas_cantam_Roberto_Homenagem_a_Roberto_Carlos
Os seus botões - Roberto Carlos -
Os botões da blusa que voce usava
E meio confusa desabotoava
Iam pouco a pouco me deixando ver
No meio de tudo
Um pouco de voce
Nos lençois macios
Amantes se dão
Travesseiros soltos
Roupas pelo chão
Braços que se abraçam
Bocas que murmuram
Palavras de amor
Enquanto se procuram
Chovia lá fora
E a capa pendurada assistia a tudo
E não dizia nada
E aquela blusa que voce usava
Num canto qualquer
Tranquila esperava
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 228783
- author: gmurgel
Elas cantam Roberto - Falando Sério (Claudia Leitte)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Claudia Leitte cantou "Falando Sério", uns dos grandes sucessos de Roberto Carlos Braga.
http://wn.com/Elas_cantam_Roberto_Falando_Sério_Claudia_Leitte
Claudia Leitte cantou "Falando Sério", uns dos grandes sucessos de Roberto Carlos Braga.
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 465437
- author: gmurgel
Ivete Sangalo - A Lua Que Eu Te Dei
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Posso te falar dos sonhos
Das flores
De como a cidade mudou
Posso te falar do medo
Do meu desejo, do meu amor...
Posso falar da tarde que cai
E aos poucos deixa ver
No céu a Lua
Que um dia eu te dei...
Gosto de fechar os olhos
Fugir no tempo
De me perder
Posso até perder a hora
Mas sei
Que já passou das seis...
Sei que não há no mundo
Quem possa te dizer
Que não é tua
A Lua que eu te dei...
Pra brilhar
Por onde você for
Me queira bem
Durma bem
Meu Amor...
Eu posso falar
Da tarde que cai
E aos poucos deixa ver
No céu a Lua
Que um dia eu te dei...
Pra brilhar
Por onde você for
Me queira bem
Durma bem
Meu amor...
Durma bem
Me queira bem
Meu Amor...
http://wn.com/Ivete_Sangalo_A_Lua_Que_Eu_Te_Dei
Posso te falar dos sonhos
Das flores
De como a cidade mudou
Posso te falar do medo
Do meu desejo, do meu amor...
Posso falar da tarde que cai
E aos poucos deixa ver
No céu a Lua
Que um dia eu te dei...
Gosto de fechar os olhos
Fugir no tempo
De me perder
Posso até perder a hora
Mas sei
Que já passou das seis...
Sei que não há no mundo
Quem possa te dizer
Que não é tua
A Lua que eu te dei...
Pra brilhar
Por onde você for
Me queira bem
Durma bem
Meu Amor...
Eu posso falar
Da tarde que cai
E aos poucos deixa ver
No céu a Lua
Que um dia eu te dei...
Pra brilhar
Por onde você for
Me queira bem
Durma bem
Meu amor...
Durma bem
Me queira bem
Meu Amor...
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 1427797
- author: gmurgel
Ana Carolina e Seu Jorge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
beautiful song
http://wn.com/Ana_Carolina_e_Seu_Jorge
Caetano Veloso - Sozinho (Ao Vivo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Ao Vivo
http://wn.com/Caetano_Veloso_Sozinho_Ao_Vivo
Jota Quest e o clipe de "Além do Horizonte". Parte 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Jota Quest grava o clipe do novo single "Além do Horizonte" e procura o nome do novo álbum. Assista no Passe Livre, parte 1
http://wn.com/Jota_Quest_e_o_clipe_de_Além_do_Horizonte_Parte_1
Jota Quest grava o clipe do novo single "Além do Horizonte" e procura o nome do novo álbum. Assista no Passe Livre, parte 1
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 408967
- author: gmurgel
É isso ai- Ana carolina e seu jorge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
ana carolina e seu jorge
http://wn.com/É_isso_ai_Ana_carolina_e_seu_jorge
Garganta - Ana Carolina
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
essa música é linda e marcou momentos bons de minha vida
http://wn.com/Garganta_Ana_Carolina
essa música é linda e marcou momentos bons de minha vida
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 165328
- author: gmurgel
Seu Jorge - Carolina
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Para Ana Carolina Dornelas
By: Ighor
http://wn.com/Seu_Jorge_Carolina
Roberto Carlos - Cavalgada Especial 2005
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Roberto Carlos canta: Cavalgada no Especial do 2005. feliz Natal !!!
http://wn.com/Roberto_Carlos_Cavalgada_Especial_2005
Roberto Carlos canta: Cavalgada no Especial do 2005. feliz Natal !!!
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 393557
- author: gmurgel
Roberto Carlos & Ivete Sangalo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
"SE EU NÃO TE AMASSE TANTO ASSIM". CLIPE DO SHOW DE 2005
http://wn.com/Roberto_Carlos_Ivete_Sangalo
"SE EU NÃO TE AMASSE TANTO ASSIM". CLIPE DO SHOW DE 2005
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 372854
- author: gmurgel
Especial Elas Cantam Roberto - Última Parte - Como É Grande o Meu Amor por Você
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Já estamos no TWITTER!!! Siga-nos: http://twitter.com/TVsandyleah
Roberto Carlos e as 20 cantoras escolhidas cantam juntos Como É Grande o Meu Amor Por Você em show de homenagem aos seus 50 anos carreira. Teatro Municipal - São Paulo - Elas Cantam Roberto
http://wn.com/Especial_Elas_Cantam_Roberto_Última_Parte_Como_É_Grande_o_Meu_Amor_por_Você
Já estamos no TWITTER!!! Siga-nos: http://twitter.com/TVsandyleah
Roberto Carlos e as 20 cantoras escolhidas cantam juntos Como É Grande o Meu Amor Por Você em show de homenagem aos seus 50 anos carreira. Teatro Municipal - São Paulo - Elas Cantam Roberto
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 225832
- author: gmurgel
Ivete Sangalo (Se eu não te amasse tanto assim)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
música
http://wn.com/Ivete_Sangalo_Se_eu_não_te_amasse_tanto_assim
Wanessa e Zeze di camargo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
e o amor
http://wn.com/Wanessa_e_Zeze_di_camargo
Zezé Di Camargo e Wanessa em BH - Pai e Filha!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Parte do show Pai e filha (Zezé Di Camargo e Wanessa) no Chevrolet Hall em Belo Horizonte no dia 9/02/2007 by Rodrigo V C.
http://wn.com/Zezé_Di_Camargo_e_Wanessa_em_BH_Pai_e_Filha!
Parte do show Pai e filha (Zezé Di Camargo e Wanessa) no Chevrolet Hall em Belo Horizonte no dia 9/02/2007 by Rodrigo V C.
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 64327
- author: gmurgel
Wanessa Camargo - Turnê Pai e Filha
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Performace de Wanessa Camargo cantando
"Não resisto a nós dois" no show em turnê "Pai e Filha" realizado em Parnaíba-PI (04.02.07)[vídeo piloto de meu irmão]
http://wn.com/Wanessa_Camargo_Turnê_Pai_e_Filha
Performace de Wanessa Camargo cantando
"Não resisto a nós dois" no show em turnê "Pai e Filha" realizado em Parnaíba-PI (04.02.07)[vídeo piloto de meu irmão]
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 15014
- author: gmurgel
avião sem asa 01w
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
montagem
http://wn.com/avião_sem_asa_01w
Annie Lennox - Why
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
New Year 2009 wit Jools Holland Rhythm & Blues Band
http://wn.com/Annie_Lennox_Why
New Year 2009 wit Jools Holland Rhythm & Blues Band
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 244083
- author: gmurgel
Eurythmics - There Must Be An Angel ('live' on Parkinson)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Eurythmics singing an acoustic version 'There Must Be An Angel 'live' on Parkinson.
http://wn.com/Eurythmics_There_Must_Be_An_Angel_'live'_on_Parkinson
Eurythmics singing an acoustic version 'There Must Be An Angel 'live' on Parkinson.
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 1578991
- author: gmurgel
THE SING CAMPAIGN SECOND ANNIVERSARY FILM 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Annie Lennox launched the SING campaign on 1st December 2007 World AIDS Day to be a voice for women and children affected by HIV.
To celebrate SING's second anniversary, Annie is auctioning five very special prizes on eBay.
The money raised will help prevent the spread of HIV in South Africa, where 1,000 people die from AIDS-related causes every day. Moreover, approximately a third of all pregnant women there carry the virus, and without intervention, a third of their children will be born with HIV. Unless they get diagnosed and treated, half of all children with HIV die before their first birthday.
But it doesn't have to be like this. With appropriate intervention and treatment, these babies can be born HIV free. The SING campaign is trying to ensure that every single person living with HIV has access to treatment and support.
Since 2007, SING has raised over $2 million, and helped over 100,000 people affected by HIV in the Eastern Cape of South Africa - but there is much more work to be done, and we need your help to do it.
Find out more at http://www.annielennoxSING.com
http://wn.com/THE_SING_CAMPAIGN_SECOND_ANNIVERSARY_FILM_2009
Annie Lennox launched the SING campaign on 1st December 2007 World AIDS Day to be a voice for women and children affected by HIV.
To celebrate SING's second anniversary, Annie is auctioning five very special prizes on eBay.
The money raised will help prevent the spread of HIV in South Africa, where 1,000 people die from AIDS-related causes every day. Moreover, approximately a third of all pregnant women there carry the virus, and without intervention, a third of their children will be born with HIV. Unless they get diagnosed and treated, half of all children with HIV die before their first birthday.
But it doesn't have to be like this. With appropriate intervention and treatment, these babies can be born HIV free. The SING campaign is trying to ensure that every single person living with HIV has access to treatment and support.
Since 2007, SING has raised over $2 million, and helped over 100,000 people affected by HIV in the Eastern Cape of South Africa - but there is much more work to be done, and we need your help to do it.
Find out more at http://www.annielennoxSING.com
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 64327
- author: gmurgel
Annie Lennox WONDERFUL (acoustic)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
Help Support HIV/AIDs Awareness
AnnieLennoxSing.com
http://wn.com/Annie_Lennox_WONDERFUL_acoustic
Help Support HIV/AIDs Awareness
AnnieLennoxSing.com
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 129826
- author: gmurgel
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 1 of 14 (Intro/Starting Grid)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_1_of_14_Intro_Starting_Grid
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 1106
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 2 of 14 (Start)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:14
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_2_of_14_Start
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 441
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 3 of 14 (Multi Car Crash)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:17
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_3_of_14_Multi_Car_Crash
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 465
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 4 of 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:38
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_4_of_14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 226
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 5 of 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:55
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_5_of_14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 150
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 6 of 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:16
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_6_of_14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 154
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 7 of 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_7_of_14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 126
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 8 of 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:08
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_8_of_14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 110
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 9 of 14 (Richard Lasater Flip)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_9_of_14_Richard_Lasater_Flip
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 324
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 10 of 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_10_of_14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 166
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 11 of 14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:58
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_11_of_14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 168
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 12 of 14 (Joe Bessey Crash)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:46
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_12_of_14_Joe_Bessey_Crash
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 300
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 13 of 14 (Finish)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:27
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_13_of_14_Finish
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 466
- author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 14 of 14 (Post Race)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
http://wn.com/1993_Fram_Filters_500K_at_Talladega_Part_14_of_14_Post_Race
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 780
- author: pokemon56761
1995 NASCAR Busch Series Humminbird Fishfinder 500k
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 77:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
The condensed TNN version of the race.
http://wn.com/1995_NASCAR_Busch_Series_Humminbird_Fishfinder_500k
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 1 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
(Part 1 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
***One of the craziest Busch Series races ever held at Talladega. Apologies for some of the sections audio quality.***
http://wn.com/1998_NASCAR_Busch_Series_At_Talladega_Part_1_of_9
(Part 1 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
***One of the craziest Busch Series races ever held at Talladega. Apologies for some of the sections audio quality.***
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 7921
- author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 2 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:51
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
(Part 2 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
http://wn.com/1998_NASCAR_Busch_Series_At_Talladega_Part_2_of_9
(Part 2 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 4610
- author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 3 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:18
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
(Part 3 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
http://wn.com/1998_NASCAR_Busch_Series_At_Talladega_Part_3_of_9
(Part 3 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 4627
- author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 4 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
(Part 4 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
***Apologies for the audio troubles, the file got corrupted when processing. This is what happens when your software is a POS...***
http://wn.com/1998_NASCAR_Busch_Series_At_Talladega_Part_4_of_9
(Part 4 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
***Apologies for the audio troubles, the file got corrupted when processing. This is what happens when your software is a POS...***
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 2732
- author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 5 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:47
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
(Part 5 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
http://wn.com/1998_NASCAR_Busch_Series_At_Talladega_Part_5_of_9
(Part 5 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 2857
- author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 6 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:56
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
(Part 6 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
http://wn.com/1998_NASCAR_Busch_Series_At_Talladega_Part_6_of_9
(Part 6 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 1879
- author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 7 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:37
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
(Part 7 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
http://wn.com/1998_NASCAR_Busch_Series_At_Talladega_Part_7_of_9
(Part 7 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 1564
- author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 8 of 9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:50
- Updated: 01 Jan 1970
(Part 8 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
http://wn.com/1998_NASCAR_Busch_Series_At_Talladega_Part_8_of_9
(Part 8 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 2427
- author: pokemon56761
87:32
Fritt Fram: Det meste og det beste (Høydepunkter)
En klippshow med det aller beste fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram, som ble send...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Det meste og det beste (Høydepunkter)
En klippshow med det aller beste fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram, som ble sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001. "Kllippshowet" ble laget i 2000 og inneholder defor høydepunkter fra perioden 1999-2000.
Vi befinner oss i år 2073. Vaske er blitt gammel og befinner seg på Hiet Hvilehjem for rike vaskebjørner. En dag får han besøk av en forfatter som ønsker å skrive bok om Asgeir. Vaske forteller gjerne om de morsomme årene de hadde sammen. Men hvor ble det egentlig ble av Asgeir? Han forsvant for over 70 år siden ...
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 10183
- author: HAAJHA
2:39
Fritt Fram: Asgeir møter Vaske
Klipp fra den aller første episoden av den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på N...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Asgeir møter Vaske
Klipp fra den aller første episoden av den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske dukker opp i Det magiske studio og møter Asgeir for aller første gang.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 2353
- author: HAAJHA
2:27
Fritt Fram: Tre meter høye Asgeir
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Tre meter høye Asgeir
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir vil finne ut hvordan det er å være tre meter høy, men er det egentlig så greit?
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 847
- author: HAAJHA
2:23
Fritt Fram: Asgeir måler bråk
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Asgeir måler bråk
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir har lyst til å finne ut hvor høyt folk kan bråke, så han tar seg en tur ut i Oslos gater med en lydmåler for å finne svar.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1252
- author: HAAJHA
2:56
Fritt Fram: Vaske lurer Asgeir
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske ...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Vaske lurer Asgeir
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske har lyst til å lure Asgeir litt, så han gjør seg om til en liten menneskegutt og serverer blant annet vafler med en liten overasskelse.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 3227
- author: HAAJHA
1:24
Fritt Fram: Asgeirs bursdag
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Asgeirs bursdag
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Asgeir er lei seg fordi ingen har hukset bursdagen hans, men Vaske har en overasskelse til han - og det har moren hans også!
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1631
- author: HAAJHA
2:05
Fritt Fram: Vaske tar farvel
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske ...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: Vaske tar farvel
Klipp fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Vaske forlater Fritt Fram, da han skal reise ut i verden for å bli internasjonal superstjerne. Han er redd for hvordan folk til å oppføre seg når de ser han, men Det magiske studioet har er overasskelse til han.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1728
- author: HAAJHA
2:54
Fritt Fram: "Jeg vil bli"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Jeg vil bli" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Jeg vil bli"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Jeg vil bli" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 2460
- author: HAAJHA
2:04
Fritt Fram: "Mamma"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Mamma" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK f...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Mamma"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Mamma" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 5523
- author: HAAJHA
2:50
Fritt Fram: "Skummelt"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Skummelt"" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på N...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Skummelt"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Skummelt"" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 2000
- author: HAAJHA
3:58
Fritt Fram: "Klagesang"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Klagesang" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på N...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Klagesang"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Klagesang" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1342
- author: HAAJHA
5:01
Fritt Fram: "En cowboy tar banjoen frem"
Musikkvideo til sangen "En cowboy tar banjoen frem"" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Frit...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "En cowboy tar banjoen frem"
Musikkvideo til sangen "En cowboy tar banjoen frem"" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 532
- author: HAAJHA
3:29
Fritt Fram: "30 røvere"
Musikkvideo til sangen "30 røvere" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på N...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "30 røvere"
Musikkvideo til sangen "30 røvere" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 1629
- author: HAAJHA
2:18
Fritt Fram: "Vaskesang"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Vaskesang" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på N...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Vaskesang"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Vaskesang" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 4207
- author: HAAJHA
Vimeo results:
25:53
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Föl...
published: 11 Oct 2012
author: Kungahuset
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Följ med bakom kulisserna och ta del av när Karl XI:s vagga plockades fram, silverdopfunten putsades upp och hur blomsterarrangemangen växte fram. I filmen berättas också om Slottskyrkan, musiken och planeringen inför dopdagen.
Filmen spelades in veckorna före dopet och innehåller unikt material som visar Kungliga hovstaternas arbete med att bevara en del av det svenska kulturarvet.
Filmen ingår i utställningen 'Prinsessan Estelle — födelse och dop' som öppnar fredagen den 19 oktober på Kungliga slottet. Läs mer om utställningen på www.kungahuset.se
'Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop' är producerad av Kungliga hovstaterna i samarbete med Mirakelfilm.
2:35
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!...
published: 01 Apr 2011
author: Siggi Hannes
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!
66:16
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjern...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: bestvideomixes.info
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjerne & Burhan G - Tag Hvad Du Vil
Rasmus Seebach - I Mine Øjne
Gym Class Heroes - Stereo Hearts
Nik & Jay - Mod Solnedgangen
Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
Nicole Scherzinger Feat. 50 Cent - Right There
Jessie J - Price Tag
The Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
One Republic - Good Life
Dr. Dre - I Need A Doctor Eminem rap
Bad Meets Evil - Lighters ft. Bruno Mars
Wiz Khalifa - Roll Up
Pink - fucking perfect
Nik & Ras - Fugt i fundamentet
Kato - Sjus
Scotty - Braveheart 2k11
Adele - Rolling In The Deep
Eric Amarillo - Om Sanningen Ska Fram
Lady Gaga - Born This Way
LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem acapella
Svenstrup & Vendelbo - Dybt vand
Pitbull - Give Me Everything ft. Ne-Yo
DJs From Mars - Jennifer Lopez Vs Alex Gaudino - Calabria on the floor
Katy Perry - Last Friday Night
Sak Noel - Loca People
DEV - In The Dark
Michael Rune - Min Indre Stemme
Maroon 5 - Moves Like Jagger
Swedish House Mafia - Save The World
Electric Lady Lab - Touch Me
David Guetta feat Usher – Without you
Pitbull feat. Marc Anthony - Rain Over Me
TAKE THAT . KIDZ
Studio Killers - Ode To The Bouncer
Milk & Sugar vs. Vaya Con Dios - Hey (Nah Neh Nah)
Pitbull ft Ne-Yo AfrojackNayer - Give me everything Tonight
Demi Lovato - Skyscraper (Dj Yaniv Ovadia Remix 2K11)
Britney Spears – Criminal (remix)
DJ Antoine feat. Tom Dice - Sunlight (DJ Antoine vs Mad Mark Original Mix)
Chris Brown – Yeah x3
Rihanna - S&M; - Remix (Mensepid Remaster)
David Guetta feat Flo Rida & Nicki Minaj - Where Them Girls At
Black Eyed Peas - Just Can´t Get Enough (Brisby & Jingles Bootleg)
Brooklyn Bounce and discotronic - the musics got me (hands up club mix)
Alexandra Stan - Get Back (Bazz Catcherz Bootleg Mix)
Lady Gaga - Judas (Alex Soto Remix Edit)
Snoop Dogg - Wet (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
Mohombi - Coconut Tree (Andy P Bootleg Mix) pd
Inna - Sun is Up (Ced Tecknoboy Extended Bootleg Mix)
Jason Derulo - Don't Wanna Go Home (Ti-Mo Bootleg)
Cascada - Au Revoir (Jorg Schmid Remix) By StVo
Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory (Spotlightz! Remix)
Britney Spears - Till The World Ends (K!nky Boyz Bootleg)
Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
LMFAO ft. Lauren Bennett - Party Rock Anthem (Danceboy Shuffeling Remix)
don_omar feat. lucenzo - danza kuduro (t.c.x. mix)
Martin Solveig feat. Dragonette - Hello (Ti-Mo Bootleg Mix)
Scooter – david doesn’t eat
eminem rap (se øverste youtube link for video)
Burhan goes Coolman xtra kor
Avril Lavigne - What The Hell (PJ Project Bootleg)
Joey Moe - Skakmat (Cool says HI rmx)
Outro
1:09
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics ...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: power drive performance
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics shows Pitchers Power Drive teaches proper pitching mechanics that produce 95-98 MPH.
Storen pitching mechanics in slow motion 1000 FPS
1000 frams a sec with the Phantom flex camera
video produced by JJ Miller
music by Sam Burke
www.jjmillerphotography.com
Youtube results:
3:07
Fritt Fram: "Ny natt"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Ny natt" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK...
published: 27 Feb 2012
author: HAAJHA
Fritt Fram: "Ny natt"
Musikkvideo til sangen "Ny natt" fra den populære Barne-TV-serien Fritt Fram. Sendt på NRK fra 1999 til 2001.
Se mere Fritt Fram her:
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL403F5C9247A80E29
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 868
- author: HAAJHA
7:06
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Fuel Saturday Qualifying
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Fuel Saturday Qualifying
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 906
- author: NitroAmerica
5:37
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Funny Car Saturday Qualifying
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Funny Car Saturday Qualifying
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 635
- author: NitroAmerica
5:16
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Saturday Qualifying
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Saturday Qualifying
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 502
- author: NitroAmerica
10:09
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Motorcycle Saturday Qualifying
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Motorcycle Saturday Qualifying
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 621
- author: NitroAmerica
1:26
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Larry Dixon Warm Up
2010 NHRA Top Fuel World Champion Larry Dixon along with Crew Chief Jason McCulloch & crew...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Larry Dixon Warm Up
2010 NHRA Top Fuel World Champion Larry Dixon along with Crew Chief Jason McCulloch & crew warm up the Al-Anabi Racing dragster before 1st Round at Sonoma.
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 930
- author: NitroAmerica
1:14
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Doug Kalitta Warm Up
Doug Kalitta and crew warm up the Kalitta Motorsports, Technicoat Top Fuel dragster in it...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Doug Kalitta Warm Up
Doug Kalitta and crew warm up the Kalitta Motorsports, Technicoat Top Fuel dragster in it's new colors.
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 354
- author: NitroAmerica
6:48
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Fuel Eliminations
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Fuel Eliminations
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 529
- author: NitroAmerica
7:58
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Funny Car Eliminations
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Funny Car Eliminations
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 565
- author: NitroAmerica
6:53
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Eliminations
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Eliminations
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 514
- author: NitroAmerica
6:34
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Motorcycle Eliminations
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Pro Stock Motorcycle Eliminations
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 449
- author: NitroAmerica
6:13
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Dragster Top Sportsman 3rd Rd thru Final
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Top Dragster Top Sportsman 3rd Rd thru Final
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 1349
- author: NitroAmerica
11:14
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Stock & Super Stock 3rd Rd thru Final
...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Stock & Super Stock 3rd Rd thru Final
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 939
- author: NitroAmerica
13:05
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Super Gas & Super Comp Sunday Eliminations
3rd round thru Finals...
published: 13 Dec 2011
author: NitroAmerica
2011 NHRA Fram Autolite Nationals Super Gas & Super Comp Sunday Eliminations
3rd round thru Finals
- published: 13 Dec 2011
- views: 837
- author: NitroAmerica
Vimeo results:
25:53
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Föl...
published: 11 Oct 2012
author: Kungahuset
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Följ med bakom kulisserna och ta del av när Karl XI:s vagga plockades fram, silverdopfunten putsades upp och hur blomsterarrangemangen växte fram. I filmen berättas också om Slottskyrkan, musiken och planeringen inför dopdagen.
Filmen spelades in veckorna före dopet och innehåller unikt material som visar Kungliga hovstaternas arbete med att bevara en del av det svenska kulturarvet.
Filmen ingår i utställningen 'Prinsessan Estelle — födelse och dop' som öppnar fredagen den 19 oktober på Kungliga slottet. Läs mer om utställningen på www.kungahuset.se
'Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop' är producerad av Kungliga hovstaterna i samarbete med Mirakelfilm.
2:35
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!...
published: 01 Apr 2011
author: Siggi Hannes
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!
66:16
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjern...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: bestvideomixes.info
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjerne & Burhan G - Tag Hvad Du Vil
Rasmus Seebach - I Mine Øjne
Gym Class Heroes - Stereo Hearts
Nik & Jay - Mod Solnedgangen
Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
Nicole Scherzinger Feat. 50 Cent - Right There
Jessie J - Price Tag
The Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
One Republic - Good Life
Dr. Dre - I Need A Doctor Eminem rap
Bad Meets Evil - Lighters ft. Bruno Mars
Wiz Khalifa - Roll Up
Pink - fucking perfect
Nik & Ras - Fugt i fundamentet
Kato - Sjus
Scotty - Braveheart 2k11
Adele - Rolling In The Deep
Eric Amarillo - Om Sanningen Ska Fram
Lady Gaga - Born This Way
LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem acapella
Svenstrup & Vendelbo - Dybt vand
Pitbull - Give Me Everything ft. Ne-Yo
DJs From Mars - Jennifer Lopez Vs Alex Gaudino - Calabria on the floor
Katy Perry - Last Friday Night
Sak Noel - Loca People
DEV - In The Dark
Michael Rune - Min Indre Stemme
Maroon 5 - Moves Like Jagger
Swedish House Mafia - Save The World
Electric Lady Lab - Touch Me
David Guetta feat Usher – Without you
Pitbull feat. Marc Anthony - Rain Over Me
TAKE THAT . KIDZ
Studio Killers - Ode To The Bouncer
Milk & Sugar vs. Vaya Con Dios - Hey (Nah Neh Nah)
Pitbull ft Ne-Yo AfrojackNayer - Give me everything Tonight
Demi Lovato - Skyscraper (Dj Yaniv Ovadia Remix 2K11)
Britney Spears – Criminal (remix)
DJ Antoine feat. Tom Dice - Sunlight (DJ Antoine vs Mad Mark Original Mix)
Chris Brown – Yeah x3
Rihanna - S&M; - Remix (Mensepid Remaster)
David Guetta feat Flo Rida & Nicki Minaj - Where Them Girls At
Black Eyed Peas - Just Can´t Get Enough (Brisby & Jingles Bootleg)
Brooklyn Bounce and discotronic - the musics got me (hands up club mix)
Alexandra Stan - Get Back (Bazz Catcherz Bootleg Mix)
Lady Gaga - Judas (Alex Soto Remix Edit)
Snoop Dogg - Wet (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
Mohombi - Coconut Tree (Andy P Bootleg Mix) pd
Inna - Sun is Up (Ced Tecknoboy Extended Bootleg Mix)
Jason Derulo - Don't Wanna Go Home (Ti-Mo Bootleg)
Cascada - Au Revoir (Jorg Schmid Remix) By StVo
Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory (Spotlightz! Remix)
Britney Spears - Till The World Ends (K!nky Boyz Bootleg)
Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
LMFAO ft. Lauren Bennett - Party Rock Anthem (Danceboy Shuffeling Remix)
don_omar feat. lucenzo - danza kuduro (t.c.x. mix)
Martin Solveig feat. Dragonette - Hello (Ti-Mo Bootleg Mix)
Scooter – david doesn’t eat
eminem rap (se øverste youtube link for video)
Burhan goes Coolman xtra kor
Avril Lavigne - What The Hell (PJ Project Bootleg)
Joey Moe - Skakmat (Cool says HI rmx)
Outro
1:09
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics ...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: power drive performance
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics shows Pitchers Power Drive teaches proper pitching mechanics that produce 95-98 MPH.
Storen pitching mechanics in slow motion 1000 FPS
1000 frams a sec with the Phantom flex camera
video produced by JJ Miller
music by Sam Burke
www.jjmillerphotography.com
1:04
Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Présentation du Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** à Anissaras (Crète). Plus d'infos et ré...
published: 29 Mar 2011
author: VoyagesFRAM
Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Présentation du Framissima Aquis Bella Beach ***** à Anissaras (Crète). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-aquis-bella-beach.htm?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 1759
- author: VoyagesFRAM
1:03
Framissima Les Oliveres **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]
Présentation du Framissima Les Oliveres **** sur la Costa Dorada (Espagne). Plus d'infos e...
published: 29 Mar 2011
author: VoyagesFRAM
Framissima Les Oliveres **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]
Présentation du Framissima Les Oliveres **** sur la Costa Dorada (Espagne). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-les-oliveres.htm?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 5214
- author: VoyagesFRAM
1:04
Framissima Mare Monte **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]
Présentation du Framissima Mare Monte **** à Georgioupolis (Crète). Plus d'infos et réserv...
published: 29 Mar 2011
author: VoyagesFRAM
Framissima Mare Monte **** [Voyages FRAM officiel]
Présentation du Framissima Mare Monte **** à Georgioupolis (Crète). Plus d'infos et réservations sur http://www.fram.fr/hotel-mare-monte.htm?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 3757
- author: VoyagesFRAM
1:05
Framissima Palm Beach **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Présentation du Framissima Palm Beach **** à Saly (Sénégal). Plus d'infos et réservations ...
published: 29 Mar 2011
author: VoyagesFRAM
Framissima Palm Beach **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Présentation du Framissima Palm Beach **** à Saly (Sénégal). Plus d'infos et réservations sur www.fram.fr
Voir le lien officiel vers FRAM: http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/senegal/saly/palm-beach-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 1898
- author: VoyagesFRAM
1:05
Framissima Regency **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Voir la video du Framissima Regency **** à Monastir (Tunisie).
Lien sur le site officiel d...
published: 29 Mar 2011
author: VoyagesFRAM
Framissima Regency **** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Voir la video du Framissima Regency **** à Monastir (Tunisie).
Lien sur le site officiel de FRAM :
http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/tunisie/monastir/regency.html
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 1811
- author: VoyagesFRAM
1:05
Framissima Les Idrissides**** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Voir la vidéo du framissima Les idrissides **** à Marrakech (Maroc).
Lien sur le site offi...
published: 29 Mar 2011
author: VoyagesFRAM
Framissima Les Idrissides**** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Voir la vidéo du framissima Les idrissides **** à Marrakech (Maroc).
Lien sur le site officiel FRAM : http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/maroc/marrakech/les-idrissides-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 4566
- author: VoyagesFRAM
1:05
Framissima Torre Del Barone *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Voir la vidéo du Framissima Torre Del Barone **** à Sciacca (Sicile).
Voir le lien vers le...
published: 29 Mar 2011
author: VoyagesFRAM
Framissima Torre Del Barone *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Voir la vidéo du Framissima Torre Del Barone **** à Sciacca (Sicile).
Voir le lien vers le site : http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/sicile/sciacca/torre-del-barone-ete-2011.htm?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 2098
- author: VoyagesFRAM
1:05
Framissima Pamplona *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Voir la vidéo du Framissima Pamplona *** à Playa de palma (Majorque).
Lien vers le site of...
published: 29 Mar 2011
author: VoyagesFRAM
Framissima Pamplona *** [Voyage FRAM Officiel]
Voir la vidéo du Framissima Pamplona *** à Playa de palma (Majorque).
Lien vers le site officiel de fRAM: http://www.fram.fr/voyages-framissima/majorque/playa-de-palma/pamplona-ete-2011.html?xtor=AD-318794
- published: 29 Mar 2011
- views: 2287
- author: VoyagesFRAM
Vimeo results:
25:53
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Föl...
published: 11 Oct 2012
author: Kungahuset
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Följ med bakom kulisserna och ta del av när Karl XI:s vagga plockades fram, silverdopfunten putsades upp och hur blomsterarrangemangen växte fram. I filmen berättas också om Slottskyrkan, musiken och planeringen inför dopdagen.
Filmen spelades in veckorna före dopet och innehåller unikt material som visar Kungliga hovstaternas arbete med att bevara en del av det svenska kulturarvet.
Filmen ingår i utställningen 'Prinsessan Estelle — födelse och dop' som öppnar fredagen den 19 oktober på Kungliga slottet. Läs mer om utställningen på www.kungahuset.se
'Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop' är producerad av Kungliga hovstaterna i samarbete med Mirakelfilm.
2:35
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!...
published: 01 Apr 2011
author: Siggi Hannes
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!
66:16
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjern...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: bestvideomixes.info
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjerne & Burhan G - Tag Hvad Du Vil
Rasmus Seebach - I Mine Øjne
Gym Class Heroes - Stereo Hearts
Nik & Jay - Mod Solnedgangen
Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
Nicole Scherzinger Feat. 50 Cent - Right There
Jessie J - Price Tag
The Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
One Republic - Good Life
Dr. Dre - I Need A Doctor Eminem rap
Bad Meets Evil - Lighters ft. Bruno Mars
Wiz Khalifa - Roll Up
Pink - fucking perfect
Nik & Ras - Fugt i fundamentet
Kato - Sjus
Scotty - Braveheart 2k11
Adele - Rolling In The Deep
Eric Amarillo - Om Sanningen Ska Fram
Lady Gaga - Born This Way
LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem acapella
Svenstrup & Vendelbo - Dybt vand
Pitbull - Give Me Everything ft. Ne-Yo
DJs From Mars - Jennifer Lopez Vs Alex Gaudino - Calabria on the floor
Katy Perry - Last Friday Night
Sak Noel - Loca People
DEV - In The Dark
Michael Rune - Min Indre Stemme
Maroon 5 - Moves Like Jagger
Swedish House Mafia - Save The World
Electric Lady Lab - Touch Me
David Guetta feat Usher – Without you
Pitbull feat. Marc Anthony - Rain Over Me
TAKE THAT . KIDZ
Studio Killers - Ode To The Bouncer
Milk & Sugar vs. Vaya Con Dios - Hey (Nah Neh Nah)
Pitbull ft Ne-Yo AfrojackNayer - Give me everything Tonight
Demi Lovato - Skyscraper (Dj Yaniv Ovadia Remix 2K11)
Britney Spears – Criminal (remix)
DJ Antoine feat. Tom Dice - Sunlight (DJ Antoine vs Mad Mark Original Mix)
Chris Brown – Yeah x3
Rihanna - S&M; - Remix (Mensepid Remaster)
David Guetta feat Flo Rida & Nicki Minaj - Where Them Girls At
Black Eyed Peas - Just Can´t Get Enough (Brisby & Jingles Bootleg)
Brooklyn Bounce and discotronic - the musics got me (hands up club mix)
Alexandra Stan - Get Back (Bazz Catcherz Bootleg Mix)
Lady Gaga - Judas (Alex Soto Remix Edit)
Snoop Dogg - Wet (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
Mohombi - Coconut Tree (Andy P Bootleg Mix) pd
Inna - Sun is Up (Ced Tecknoboy Extended Bootleg Mix)
Jason Derulo - Don't Wanna Go Home (Ti-Mo Bootleg)
Cascada - Au Revoir (Jorg Schmid Remix) By StVo
Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory (Spotlightz! Remix)
Britney Spears - Till The World Ends (K!nky Boyz Bootleg)
Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
LMFAO ft. Lauren Bennett - Party Rock Anthem (Danceboy Shuffeling Remix)
don_omar feat. lucenzo - danza kuduro (t.c.x. mix)
Martin Solveig feat. Dragonette - Hello (Ti-Mo Bootleg Mix)
Scooter – david doesn’t eat
eminem rap (se øverste youtube link for video)
Burhan goes Coolman xtra kor
Avril Lavigne - What The Hell (PJ Project Bootleg)
Joey Moe - Skakmat (Cool says HI rmx)
Outro
1:09
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics ...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: power drive performance
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics shows Pitchers Power Drive teaches proper pitching mechanics that produce 95-98 MPH.
Storen pitching mechanics in slow motion 1000 FPS
1000 frams a sec with the Phantom flex camera
video produced by JJ Miller
music by Sam Burke
www.jjmillerphotography.com
6:09
Roberto Carlos - Amor Pefeito com Claudinha Leitte
Roberto Carlos Especial 2005 - Amor Perfeito com Claudinha Leitte. Grabação direta do satê...
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Roberto Carlos - Amor Pefeito com Claudinha Leitte
Roberto Carlos Especial 2005 - Amor Perfeito com Claudinha Leitte. Grabação direta do satêlite EchoStar 3 pra Amêrica do Norte da TV GLOBO Internacional. Abraços!! Feliz Natal !!
Amor Perfeito
Roberto Carlos
Composição: Michael Sulivan/Paulo Massadas
Fecho os olhos pra não ver passar o tempo, sinto falta de você
Anjo bom, amor perfeito no meu peito, sem você não sei viver
Vem, que eu conto os dias conto as horas pra te ver
Eu não consigo te esquecer
Cada minuto é muito tempo sem você, sem você
Os segundos vão passando lentamente, não tem hora pra chegar
Até quando te querendo, te amando, coração quer te encontrar
Vem, que nos seus braços esse amor é uma canção
E eu não consigo te esquecer
Cada minuto é muito tempo sem você, sem você
Eu não vou saber me acostumar sem sua mão pra me acalmar
Sem seu olhar pra me entender, sem seu carinho, amor, sem você
Vem me tirar da solidão, fazer feliz meu coração
Já não importa quem errou, o que passou, passou então vem
Vem, vem, vem
Uma das minhas favoritas canções de tudos os tempos!! Que eu dedico com tudo o meu amor e o meu carinho a:
Laura Angélica Juárez Cedeño
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 1797961
- author: gmurgel
3:44
Os seus botões - Ivete Sangalo - Elas cantam Roberto - Homenagem a Roberto Carlos
Os seus botões - Roberto Carlos -
Os botões da blusa que voce usava
E meio confusa desabo...
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Os seus botões - Ivete Sangalo - Elas cantam Roberto - Homenagem a Roberto Carlos
Os seus botões - Roberto Carlos -
Os botões da blusa que voce usava
E meio confusa desabotoava
Iam pouco a pouco me deixando ver
No meio de tudo
Um pouco de voce
Nos lençois macios
Amantes se dão
Travesseiros soltos
Roupas pelo chão
Braços que se abraçam
Bocas que murmuram
Palavras de amor
Enquanto se procuram
Chovia lá fora
E a capa pendurada assistia a tudo
E não dizia nada
E aquela blusa que voce usava
Num canto qualquer
Tranquila esperava
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 228783
- author: gmurgel
3:51
Elas cantam Roberto - Falando Sério (Claudia Leitte)
Claudia Leitte cantou "Falando Sério", uns dos grandes sucessos de Roberto Carlos Braga....
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Elas cantam Roberto - Falando Sério (Claudia Leitte)
Claudia Leitte cantou "Falando Sério", uns dos grandes sucessos de Roberto Carlos Braga.
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 465437
- author: gmurgel
3:18
Ivete Sangalo - A Lua Que Eu Te Dei
Posso te falar dos sonhos
Das flores
De como a cidade mudou
Posso te falar do medo
Do meu ...
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Ivete Sangalo - A Lua Que Eu Te Dei
Posso te falar dos sonhos
Das flores
De como a cidade mudou
Posso te falar do medo
Do meu desejo, do meu amor...
Posso falar da tarde que cai
E aos poucos deixa ver
No céu a Lua
Que um dia eu te dei...
Gosto de fechar os olhos
Fugir no tempo
De me perder
Posso até perder a hora
Mas sei
Que já passou das seis...
Sei que não há no mundo
Quem possa te dizer
Que não é tua
A Lua que eu te dei...
Pra brilhar
Por onde você for
Me queira bem
Durma bem
Meu Amor...
Eu posso falar
Da tarde que cai
E aos poucos deixa ver
No céu a Lua
Que um dia eu te dei...
Pra brilhar
Por onde você for
Me queira bem
Durma bem
Meu amor...
Durma bem
Me queira bem
Meu Amor...
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 1427797
- author: gmurgel
3:39
Jota Quest e o clipe de "Além do Horizonte". Parte 1
Jota Quest grava o clipe do novo single "Além do Horizonte" e procura o nome do novo álbum...
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Jota Quest e o clipe de "Além do Horizonte". Parte 1
Jota Quest grava o clipe do novo single "Além do Horizonte" e procura o nome do novo álbum. Assista no Passe Livre, parte 1
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 408967
- author: gmurgel
6:16
Roberto Carlos - Cavalgada Especial 2005
Roberto Carlos canta: Cavalgada no Especial do 2005. feliz Natal !!!...
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Roberto Carlos - Cavalgada Especial 2005
Roberto Carlos canta: Cavalgada no Especial do 2005. feliz Natal !!!
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 393557
- author: gmurgel
8:37
Especial Elas Cantam Roberto - Última Parte - Como É Grande o Meu Amor por Você
Já estamos no TWITTER!!! Siga-nos: http://twitter.com/TVsandyleah
Roberto Carlos e as 20 ...
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Especial Elas Cantam Roberto - Última Parte - Como É Grande o Meu Amor por Você
Já estamos no TWITTER!!! Siga-nos: http://twitter.com/TVsandyleah
Roberto Carlos e as 20 cantoras escolhidas cantam juntos Como É Grande o Meu Amor Por Você em show de homenagem aos seus 50 anos carreira. Teatro Municipal - São Paulo - Elas Cantam Roberto
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 225832
- author: gmurgel
Vimeo results:
25:53
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Föl...
published: 11 Oct 2012
author: Kungahuset
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Följ med bakom kulisserna och ta del av när Karl XI:s vagga plockades fram, silverdopfunten putsades upp och hur blomsterarrangemangen växte fram. I filmen berättas också om Slottskyrkan, musiken och planeringen inför dopdagen.
Filmen spelades in veckorna före dopet och innehåller unikt material som visar Kungliga hovstaternas arbete med att bevara en del av det svenska kulturarvet.
Filmen ingår i utställningen 'Prinsessan Estelle — födelse och dop' som öppnar fredagen den 19 oktober på Kungliga slottet. Läs mer om utställningen på www.kungahuset.se
'Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop' är producerad av Kungliga hovstaterna i samarbete med Mirakelfilm.
2:35
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!...
published: 01 Apr 2011
author: Siggi Hannes
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!
66:16
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjern...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: bestvideomixes.info
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjerne & Burhan G - Tag Hvad Du Vil
Rasmus Seebach - I Mine Øjne
Gym Class Heroes - Stereo Hearts
Nik & Jay - Mod Solnedgangen
Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
Nicole Scherzinger Feat. 50 Cent - Right There
Jessie J - Price Tag
The Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
One Republic - Good Life
Dr. Dre - I Need A Doctor Eminem rap
Bad Meets Evil - Lighters ft. Bruno Mars
Wiz Khalifa - Roll Up
Pink - fucking perfect
Nik & Ras - Fugt i fundamentet
Kato - Sjus
Scotty - Braveheart 2k11
Adele - Rolling In The Deep
Eric Amarillo - Om Sanningen Ska Fram
Lady Gaga - Born This Way
LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem acapella
Svenstrup & Vendelbo - Dybt vand
Pitbull - Give Me Everything ft. Ne-Yo
DJs From Mars - Jennifer Lopez Vs Alex Gaudino - Calabria on the floor
Katy Perry - Last Friday Night
Sak Noel - Loca People
DEV - In The Dark
Michael Rune - Min Indre Stemme
Maroon 5 - Moves Like Jagger
Swedish House Mafia - Save The World
Electric Lady Lab - Touch Me
David Guetta feat Usher – Without you
Pitbull feat. Marc Anthony - Rain Over Me
TAKE THAT . KIDZ
Studio Killers - Ode To The Bouncer
Milk & Sugar vs. Vaya Con Dios - Hey (Nah Neh Nah)
Pitbull ft Ne-Yo AfrojackNayer - Give me everything Tonight
Demi Lovato - Skyscraper (Dj Yaniv Ovadia Remix 2K11)
Britney Spears – Criminal (remix)
DJ Antoine feat. Tom Dice - Sunlight (DJ Antoine vs Mad Mark Original Mix)
Chris Brown – Yeah x3
Rihanna - S&M; - Remix (Mensepid Remaster)
David Guetta feat Flo Rida & Nicki Minaj - Where Them Girls At
Black Eyed Peas - Just Can´t Get Enough (Brisby & Jingles Bootleg)
Brooklyn Bounce and discotronic - the musics got me (hands up club mix)
Alexandra Stan - Get Back (Bazz Catcherz Bootleg Mix)
Lady Gaga - Judas (Alex Soto Remix Edit)
Snoop Dogg - Wet (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
Mohombi - Coconut Tree (Andy P Bootleg Mix) pd
Inna - Sun is Up (Ced Tecknoboy Extended Bootleg Mix)
Jason Derulo - Don't Wanna Go Home (Ti-Mo Bootleg)
Cascada - Au Revoir (Jorg Schmid Remix) By StVo
Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory (Spotlightz! Remix)
Britney Spears - Till The World Ends (K!nky Boyz Bootleg)
Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
LMFAO ft. Lauren Bennett - Party Rock Anthem (Danceboy Shuffeling Remix)
don_omar feat. lucenzo - danza kuduro (t.c.x. mix)
Martin Solveig feat. Dragonette - Hello (Ti-Mo Bootleg Mix)
Scooter – david doesn’t eat
eminem rap (se øverste youtube link for video)
Burhan goes Coolman xtra kor
Avril Lavigne - What The Hell (PJ Project Bootleg)
Joey Moe - Skakmat (Cool says HI rmx)
Outro
1:09
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics ...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: power drive performance
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics shows Pitchers Power Drive teaches proper pitching mechanics that produce 95-98 MPH.
Storen pitching mechanics in slow motion 1000 FPS
1000 frams a sec with the Phantom flex camera
video produced by JJ Miller
music by Sam Burke
www.jjmillerphotography.com
Youtube results:
0:38
Zezé Di Camargo e Wanessa em BH - Pai e Filha!
Parte do show Pai e filha (Zezé Di Camargo e Wanessa) no Chevrolet Hall em Belo Horizonte ...
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Zezé Di Camargo e Wanessa em BH - Pai e Filha!
Parte do show Pai e filha (Zezé Di Camargo e Wanessa) no Chevrolet Hall em Belo Horizonte no dia 9/02/2007 by Rodrigo V C.
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 64327
- author: gmurgel
2:59
Wanessa Camargo - Turnê Pai e Filha
Performace de Wanessa Camargo cantando
"Não resisto a nós dois" no show em turnê "Pai e Fi...
published: 12 May 2011
author: gmurgel
Wanessa Camargo - Turnê Pai e Filha
Performace de Wanessa Camargo cantando
"Não resisto a nós dois" no show em turnê "Pai e Filha" realizado em Parnaíba-PI (04.02.07)[vídeo piloto de meu irmão]
- published: 12 May 2011
- views: 15014
- author: gmurgel
10:18
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 1 of 14 (Intro/Starting Grid)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 1 of 14 (Intro/Starting Grid)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 1106
- author: pokemon56761
9:14
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 2 of 14 (Start)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 2 of 14 (Start)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 441
- author: pokemon56761
9:17
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 3 of 14 (Multi Car Crash)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 3 of 14 (Multi Car Crash)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 465
- author: pokemon56761
8:38
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 4 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 4 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 226
- author: pokemon56761
9:55
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 5 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 5 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 150
- author: pokemon56761
9:16
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 6 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 6 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 154
- author: pokemon56761
7:18
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 7 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 7 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 126
- author: pokemon56761
5:08
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 8 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 8 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 110
- author: pokemon56761
7:56
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 9 of 14 (Richard Lasater Flip)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 9 of 14 (Richard Lasater Flip)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 324
- author: pokemon56761
8:35
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 10 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 10 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 166
- author: pokemon56761
8:58
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 11 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 11 of 14
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 168
- author: pokemon56761
7:46
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 12 of 14 (Joe Bessey Crash)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 12 of 14 (Joe Bessey Crash)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 300
- author: pokemon56761
8:27
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 13 of 14 (Finish)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 13 of 14 (Finish)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 466
- author: pokemon56761
5:48
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 14 of 14 (Post Race)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, A...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1993 Fram Filters 500K at Talladega Part 14 of 14 (Post Race)
NASCAR Busch Grand National Series
Fram Filters 500K
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
July 24, 1993
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 780
- author: pokemon56761
Vimeo results:
25:53
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Föl...
published: 11 Oct 2012
author: Kungahuset
Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop
Tisdagen den 22 maj 2012 döptes Prinsessan Estelle i Slottskyrkan på Kungliga slottet. Följ med bakom kulisserna och ta del av när Karl XI:s vagga plockades fram, silverdopfunten putsades upp och hur blomsterarrangemangen växte fram. I filmen berättas också om Slottskyrkan, musiken och planeringen inför dopdagen.
Filmen spelades in veckorna före dopet och innehåller unikt material som visar Kungliga hovstaternas arbete med att bevara en del av det svenska kulturarvet.
Filmen ingår i utställningen 'Prinsessan Estelle — födelse och dop' som öppnar fredagen den 19 oktober på Kungliga slottet. Läs mer om utställningen på www.kungahuset.se
'Förberedelser inför Prinsessan Estelles dop' är producerad av Kungliga hovstaterna i samarbete med Mirakelfilm.
2:35
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!...
published: 01 Apr 2011
author: Siggi Hannes
STELPUR - KÚRUM ÁFRAM
http://www.menn.is Þjóðarátak: Kúrum áfram! - Stelpur hættið að hugsa með klofinu!
66:16
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjern...
published: 23 Dec 2011
author: bestvideomixes.info
Dj Panduro & Dj COOL - Video Yearmix 2011
Tracklist
Intro
Rihanna - California King Bed
Nik & Jay - Gi' Mig Dine Tanker
Ankerstjerne & Burhan G - Tag Hvad Du Vil
Rasmus Seebach - I Mine Øjne
Gym Class Heroes - Stereo Hearts
Nik & Jay - Mod Solnedgangen
Bruno Mars - The Lazy Song
Nicole Scherzinger Feat. 50 Cent - Right There
Jessie J - Price Tag
The Black Eyed Peas - Just Can't Get Enough
One Republic - Good Life
Dr. Dre - I Need A Doctor Eminem rap
Bad Meets Evil - Lighters ft. Bruno Mars
Wiz Khalifa - Roll Up
Pink - fucking perfect
Nik & Ras - Fugt i fundamentet
Kato - Sjus
Scotty - Braveheart 2k11
Adele - Rolling In The Deep
Eric Amarillo - Om Sanningen Ska Fram
Lady Gaga - Born This Way
LMFAO - Party Rock Anthem acapella
Svenstrup & Vendelbo - Dybt vand
Pitbull - Give Me Everything ft. Ne-Yo
DJs From Mars - Jennifer Lopez Vs Alex Gaudino - Calabria on the floor
Katy Perry - Last Friday Night
Sak Noel - Loca People
DEV - In The Dark
Michael Rune - Min Indre Stemme
Maroon 5 - Moves Like Jagger
Swedish House Mafia - Save The World
Electric Lady Lab - Touch Me
David Guetta feat Usher – Without you
Pitbull feat. Marc Anthony - Rain Over Me
TAKE THAT . KIDZ
Studio Killers - Ode To The Bouncer
Milk & Sugar vs. Vaya Con Dios - Hey (Nah Neh Nah)
Pitbull ft Ne-Yo AfrojackNayer - Give me everything Tonight
Demi Lovato - Skyscraper (Dj Yaniv Ovadia Remix 2K11)
Britney Spears – Criminal (remix)
DJ Antoine feat. Tom Dice - Sunlight (DJ Antoine vs Mad Mark Original Mix)
Chris Brown – Yeah x3
Rihanna - S&M; - Remix (Mensepid Remaster)
David Guetta feat Flo Rida & Nicki Minaj - Where Them Girls At
Black Eyed Peas - Just Can´t Get Enough (Brisby & Jingles Bootleg)
Brooklyn Bounce and discotronic - the musics got me (hands up club mix)
Alexandra Stan - Get Back (Bazz Catcherz Bootleg Mix)
Lady Gaga - Judas (Alex Soto Remix Edit)
Snoop Dogg - Wet (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
Mohombi - Coconut Tree (Andy P Bootleg Mix) pd
Inna - Sun is Up (Ced Tecknoboy Extended Bootleg Mix)
Jason Derulo - Don't Wanna Go Home (Ti-Mo Bootleg)
Cascada - Au Revoir (Jorg Schmid Remix) By StVo
Lady Gaga - The Edge Of Glory (Spotlightz! Remix)
Britney Spears - Till The World Ends (K!nky Boyz Bootleg)
Alexandra Stan - Mr. Saxobeat (Ced Tecknoboy Bootleg Mix)
LMFAO ft. Lauren Bennett - Party Rock Anthem (Danceboy Shuffeling Remix)
don_omar feat. lucenzo - danza kuduro (t.c.x. mix)
Martin Solveig feat. Dragonette - Hello (Ti-Mo Bootleg Mix)
Scooter – david doesn’t eat
eminem rap (se øverste youtube link for video)
Burhan goes Coolman xtra kor
Avril Lavigne - What The Hell (PJ Project Bootleg)
Joey Moe - Skakmat (Cool says HI rmx)
Outro
1:09
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics ...
published: 25 Mar 2012
author: power drive performance
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics - Pitchers Power Drive
Drew Storen Pitching Mechanics
Video of Nationals pitcher Drew Storen pitching mechanics shows Pitchers Power Drive teaches proper pitching mechanics that produce 95-98 MPH.
Storen pitching mechanics in slow motion 1000 FPS
1000 frams a sec with the Phantom flex camera
video produced by JJ Miller
music by Sam Burke
www.jjmillerphotography.com
Youtube results:
77:18
1995 NASCAR Busch Series Humminbird Fishfinder 500k
The condensed TNN version of the race....
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1995 NASCAR Busch Series Humminbird Fishfinder 500k
The condensed TNN version of the race.
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 445
- author: pokemon56761
7:26
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 1 of 9
(Part 1 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 1 of 9
(Part 1 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
***One of the craziest Busch Series races ever held at Talladega. Apologies for some of the sections audio quality.***
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 7921
- author: pokemon56761
7:51
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 2 of 9
(Part 2 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 2 of 9
(Part 2 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 4610
- author: pokemon56761
8:18
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 3 of 9
(Part 3 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega...
published: 25 Aug 2012
author: pokemon56761
1998 NASCAR Busch Series At Talladega - Part 3 of 9
(Part 3 of 9)
NASCAR Busch Series
Touchstone Energy 300
Talladega Superspeedway
Talladega, Alabama
April 25, 1998
- published: 25 Aug 2012
- views: 4627
- author: pokemon56761
photo: White House / Pete Souza
17 Jan 2013
AMY TEIBEL. Associated Press= JERUSALEM (AP) — Israel's premier on Wednesday dismissed President Barack Obama's reported displeasure with his hard-line policies toward the Palestinians, a sisgn that the two could be headed for a showdown. Polls suggest Benjamin Netanyahu is poised to win Israel's elections next week and continue in office ... could suffer in unprecedented ways if the Israeli government doesn't change its policies....(size: 10.2Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / INABA Tomoaki
16 Jan 2013
YURI KAGEYAMA. AP Business Writers= TOKYO (AP) — Boeing Co.'s 787 planes were grounded for safety checks Wednesday by two major Japanese airlines after one was forced to make an emergency landing in the latest blow for the new jet ... The 787, known as the Dreamliner, is Boeing's newest and most technologically advanced jet, and the company is counting heavily on its success ... The grounding was done voluntarily by the airlines ... The U.S ... U.S....(size: 11.1Kb)
photo: GFDL
17 Jan 2013
TOKYO. Aviation regulators on Thursday grounded most of the world's 787 Dreamliner fleet until a fire risk linked to the plane's batteries can been fixed, deepening a crisis for its US manufacturer Boeing. Regulators in Japan, India and Chile followed the lead of the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in ordering an indefinite halt to all operations, after a Japanese Dreamliner on Wednesday was forced into an emergency landing ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: French MoD photo
16 Jan 2013
BAMAKO, Mali -- After a punishing bombing campaign failed to halt the advance of al-Qaida-linked fighters, France pledged Tuesday to triple the size of its force in Mali, sending in hundreds more troops as it prepared for a land assault to dislodge the militants occupying the country's northern half ... On Tuesday, France announced that it was increasing the number of troops from 800 to 2,500 ... "We have one objective ... On Tuesday, U.S ... ....(size: 3.6Kb)
photo: AP / Ouahab Hebbat
18 Jan 2013
(CNN) — Nearly two days after Islamist militants abducted an undetermined number of hostages — including Westerners — at a gas plant in a remote section of Algeria, “ongoing activity at various locations” was continuing, a British official said Friday ... The official said a “significant” number of British nationals were among the victims in the incident, and others were unaccounted for ... But U.S ... ....(size: 8.7Kb)
noodls
18 Jan 2013
(Source. Norske Skogindustrier ASA). 18 Jan 2013. Relocation of Norske Skog's headquarters to Oslo. The President and CEO, Sven Ombudstvedt, has signed a lease contract for Norske Skog's new headquarters at Skøyen. The headquarters will be located centrally at Skøyen in Fram Eiendom's new building in 49 Karenslyst Allé in Oslo. The move will take place in early June 2013 ... Norske Skog media.....(size: 2.8Kb)
Tulsa World
18 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON - Most Americans think jarring economic problems will erupt if lawmakers fail to increase the government's borrowing limit. Yet they're torn over how or even whether to raise it, leaning toward Republican demands that any boost be accompanied by spending cuts. According to an Associated Press-GfK poll, 53 percent say that if the debt limit is not extended and the U.S ... By ALAN FRAM & JENNIFER AGIESTA Associated Press ... ....(size: 4.4Kb)
US News
18 Jan 2013
By ALAN FRAM and JENNIFER AGIESTA, Associated Press. WASHINGTON (AP) — Most Americans think jarring economic problems will erupt if lawmakers fail to increase the government's borrowing limit. Yet they're torn over how or even whether to raise it, leaning toward Republican demands that any boost be accompanied by spending cuts ... defaults, the country will face a major economic crisis ... to pay its debts ... debt than any other nation ... ....(size: 4.5Kb)
noodls
17 Jan 2013
(Source. Government of Norway). Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide will take part in the Arctic Frontiers conference in Tromsø on 21 January. On the same day, Mr Eide will also sign the Host Country Agreement between Norway and the Arctic Council, which will now have a permanent secretariat in Tromsø. Members of the press are invited ... The venue is the Fram Centre in Tromsø. ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
noodls
16 Jan 2013
(Source. Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd) Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. (Head Office. Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; President ... (Head Office ... Shareholders ... (49.5%). The license is located in Northern North Sea approximately 60km northeast of the producing Fram oil field....(size: 1.7Kb)
noodls
16 Jan 2013
(Source. GDF SUEZ SA). The Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy awarded shares in four exploration licences to GDF SUEZ, within the « Awards in Predefined Areas (APA) round » 2012 ... GDF SUEZ E&P; Norge is the operator of the Gjøa oil and gas field since January 2011 and is a partner in producing Fram, Njord, Snøhvit, Vega South fields as well as the Gudrun and Hyme fields, currently under development ... The new licences are. ... (noodl....(size: 3.2Kb)
noodls
16 Jan 2013
(Source. State of Arizona). 2013 POLICY AGENDA. Building on the Four Comerstones of Refonn. Tempered by economie adversity, empowered by bold leadership, Arizona is building a lasting framework of success through government transformation ... • Take advantage of the enormous economie benefits fram injecting ahnost $2 billion into A1izona's econo my, which will save and create thousands of well pay ing jobs in the health care sector ... l....(size: 54.0Kb)
Detroit news
15 Jan 2013
By Andrew Miga Associated Press Comments. Washington — Northeastern lawmakers hoping to push a $50.7 billion Superstorm Sandy aid package through the House face roadblocks by fiscal conservatives seeking offsetting spending cuts to pay for recovery efforts as well as cuts for projects they say are unrelated to the Oct. 29 storm ... "I think we'll be all right," he said ... 3 ... Associated Press reporter Alan Fram contributed to this report....(size: 11.0Kb)
noodls
15 Jan 2013
(Source. State of Arizona). 2013 POLICY AGENDA. Building on the Four Comerstones of Refonn. Tempered by economie adversity, empowered by bold leadership, Arizona is building a lasting framework of success through government transformation ... • Take advantage of the enormous economie benefits fram injecting ahnost $2 billion into A1izona's econo my, which will save and create thousands of well pay ing jobs in the health care sector ... l....(size: 54.1Kb)
PhysOrg
14 Jan 2013
Most of the sea ice that leaves the Arctic, exits through the Fram Strait ... The area of the ice floating through the Fram Strait is now about 200 thousand km2 larger than in the late 1950s, which is similar to the total area of the United Kingdom ... Our climate models also show that the Arctic is loosing sea ice, but it is not known how they represent the ice export in the Fram Strait....(size: 2.4Kb)
US News
11 Jan 2013
By ALAN FRAM, Associated Press. WASHINGTON (AP) — President Barack Obama had a clear political edge in his fight with Republicans over the fiscal cliff, and used it to his advantage. In the upcoming battle over federal borrowing and spending, the leverage will be more evenly divided and the outcome less predictable ... Next come three deadlines that will almost certainly become entwined ... Q ... A. Most wouldn't and it seems unlikely ... Q ... A ... Q ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
The News & Observer
10 Jan 2013
Email Print Order Reprint Share This. Text. tool name. tool goes here. By ALAN FRAM - Associated Press. By ALAN FRAM The Associated Press. WASHINGTON -- President Barack Obama had a clear political edge in his fight with Republicans over the fiscal cliff, and used it to his advantage. In the upcoming battle over federal borrowing and spending, the leverage will be more evenly divided and the outcome less predictable ... Q ... A ... Q ... A ... Q ... A ... Q ... A ... Q ... A ... Zip....(size: 16.7Kb)
Newsday
09 Jan 2013
Galleries. SKI. Save on winter sports vacations with ski-and-stay packages from Discover Lehigh, the marketing company for the region ... Prices and details vary ... By comparison, the tickets are normally from $52 for an adult, and the hotel from $153 a night. INFO. SPA ... Or receive $25 off a person on nightly rates May 16-Sept. 15 ... 9 ... Hurtigruten has eliminated the single supplement on two trans-Atlantic repositioning voyages aboard the MS Fram ... 18....(size: 8.2Kb)
For other uses, see Fram (disambiguation).
 Fram in Antarctica in Roald Amundsen's expedition |
|
| Career |  |
|---|---|
| Name: | Fram |
| Builder: | Colin Archer, Larvik, Norway |
| Launched: | 1892 |
| In service: | 1893 |
| Out of service: | 1912 |
| Fate: | Preserved; on display at the Fram Museum, Oslo |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | Schooner |
| Tonnage: | 402 grt[1] |
| Length: | 127 ft 8 in (38.9 m) |
| Beam: | 34 ft (10.36 m) |
| Draft: | 15 ft (4.57 m) |
| Propulsion: | Triple expansion steam engine, 220 hp (164 kW) Sails |
| Speed: | 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph) |
| Complement: | 16 |
Fram ("Forward") is a ship that was used in expeditions of the Arctic and Antarctic regions by the Norwegian explorers Fridtjof Nansen, Otto Sverdrup, Oscar Wisting, and Roald Amundsen between 1893 and 1912. It was designed and built by the Norwegian shipwright Colin Archer for Fridtjof Nansen's 1893 Arctic expedition in which Fram was supposed to freeze into the Arctic ice sheet and float with it over the North Pole.
Fram is said to have sailed farther north (85°57'N) and farther south (78°41'S) than any other wooden ship. Fram is preserved at the Fram Museum in Oslo, Norway.
Contents |
Construction[link]
Nansen's ambition was to explore the Arctic farther north than anyone else. To do that, he would have to deal with a problem that many sailing on the polar ocean had encountered before him: the freezing ice could crush a ship. Nansen's idea was to build a ship that could survive the pressure, not by pure strength, but because it would be of a shape designed to let the ice push the ship up, so it would "float" on top of the ice.
Fram is designed as a three masted schooner with a total length of 39 meters and width of 11 meters. The ship is both unusually wide and unusually shallow in order to better withstand the forces of pressing ice.
Nansen commissioned the shipwright Colin Archer from Larvik to construct a vessel with these characteristics. Fram was built with an outer layer of greenheart wood to withstand the ice and almost without a keel to handle the shallow waters Nansen expected to encounter. The rudder and propeller were designed to be retracted into the ship. The ship was also carefully insulated to allow the crew to live on board for up to five years. The ship also included a windmill, which ran a generator to provide electric power for lighting by electric arc lamps.
Initially, Fram was fitted with a steam engine. Prior to Amundsen's expedition to the South Pole in 1910, the engine was replaced with a diesel engine, a first for polar exploration vessels.
Expeditions[link]
Fram was used in several expeditions:
Nansen's 1893–1896 Arctic expedition[link]
Main article: Nansen's Fram expedition
Wreckage found at Greenland from USS Jeannette which was lost off Siberia, and driftwood found in the regions of Svalbard and Greenland, suggested that an ocean current flowed beneath the Arctic ice sheet from east to west, bringing driftwood from the Siberian region to Svalbard and further west. Nansen had Fram built in order to explore this theory.
He undertook an expedition that came to last three years. When Nansen realised that Fram would not reach the North Pole directly by the force of the current, he and Hjalmar Johansen set out to reach the pole by ski. Reaching 86° 14' north, he had to turn back to spend the winter at Franz Joseph Land. Nansen and Johansen survived on walrus and polar bear meat and blubber. Finally meeting British explorers, the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, they managed to reach Norway only days before the Fram arrived back there. The ship had spent nearly three years beset in the ice, reaching 85° 57' N.[2]
Sverdrup's 1898–1902 Canadian Arctic islands expedition[link]
In 1898, Otto Sverdrup led a scientific expedition to the Canadian Arctic islands. Fram was slightly modified for this journey, its freeboard being increased. Fram left harbour on 24 June 1898, with 17 men on board. Their aim was to chart the lands of the Arctic Islands, and to sample the geology, flora and fauna. The expeditions lasted till 1902, leading to charts covering 260,000 km2, more than any other Arctic expedition.[3]
Amundsen's 1910–1912 South Pole expedition[link]
Main article: Amundsen's South Pole expedition
Fram was used by Roald Amundsen in his southern polar expedition from 1910 to 1912, the first to reach the South Pole, during which it reached 78° 41' S.
[edit] Preservation of Fram
The ship was left to decay in storage between 1912 and the late 1920s, when Lars Christensen, Otto Sverdrup and Oscar Wisting initiated efforts to preserve her. In 1935 the ship was installed in the Fram Museum where she now stands.
Named after Fram[link]
- Fram Island (Ostrov Frama), an island close to the Komsomolskaya Pravda Islands, Laptev Sea
- Framheim (literally "Home of the Fram"), Amundsen's Base at the Bay of Whales in Antarctica during his quest for the South Pole
- Fram Rupes, an escarpment on Mercury
- Fram crater, a small crater on Mars, visited by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity in 2004
- Fram Basin, the deepest point in the Arctic Ocean
- Fram Strait, a passage from the Arctic Ocean to the Greenland Sea and Norwegian Sea, between Greenland and Spitsbergen.
- Fram, a play by Tony Harrison, premièred at the National Theatre London, 2008
- In Arthur Ransome's children's book, Winter Holiday, the children use the name, Fram, for their Uncle Jim's houseboat, trapped in the ice on the lake which becomes the inspiration for some of their adventures.
[edit] Other ships named Fram
- A ship built in 1958 and named after Axel Enström was later renamed Fram.[4]
- Harald V, the King of Norway has had a number of sailboats for regatta use named Fram. He became world champion in sailing with Fram X in 1987 and is currently[when?] racing in Fram XVI (2006).
- A passenger vessel built in 2006 for Hurtigruten Group was named MS Fram after the original Fram. It operates in the Arctic Ocean and for cruises around Antarctica.
References[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fram |
Notes
- ^ Amundsen, Roald, The South Pole; an Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the Fram, 1910–12, Volume 2, Appendix I, "The Fram" (1912). Translated by Sydpolen.
- ^ Apsley Cherry-Garrard, The Worst Journey in the World, Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1922, p. xxii
- ^ Gerard Kenney Ships of Wood and Men of Iron: A Norwegian-Canadian Saga of Exploration in the High Arctic, ISBN 0-88977-168-5, 1984
- ^ poosu.net on the Finnish Fram
Bibliography
- Antarctic exploration ship Fram
- The Fram Museum website (English version)
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Coordinates: 59°54′12″N 10°41′58″E / 59.90333°N 10.69944°E / 59.90333; 10.69944
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This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (May 2012) |
| Alexandra Stan | |
|---|---|
_SAM_2829.jpg) |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Alexandra Stan |
| Born | (1989-06-10) 10 June 1989 (age 23) |
| Origin | Constanța, Romania |
| Genres | House, pop, dance |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, entertainer, model, dancer |
| Instruments | Vocals |
| Years active | 2009–present |
| Labels | Maan Music, Media Pro Music, Ultra Records |
| Website | alexandrastan.ro |
Alexandra Stan (sometimes stylized as Alexandra Staи) (born June 10, 1989) is a Romanian singer-songwriter. She released her debut single, "Lollipop (Param Pam Pam)", in late 2009. The song impacted Romanian mainstream radios in early 2010, peaking at number-eighteen. Her sophomore release, "Mr. Saxobeat", became her worldwide breakthrough hit, selling almost 1,000,000 copies in less than a year and reaching the top five in over twenty countries such as New Zealand and the United Kingdom and the top thirty in Australia, Canada and United States. She released her debut album in August 2011, entitled Saxobeats. The album spawned another single called "Get Back (ASAP)".
Contents |
Early life and early career[link]
Alexandra Stan was born in Constanța.[1] She studied at the "Traian" High School in Constanța, and as of 2011 she is enrolled in her second year as a student at the Faculty of Management Andrei Saguna.[1] In the past, she took part in various music-related contests with a notable appearance at the Mamaia Festival vocal performance-section.[1] She took one year of canto lessons. During an interview, she stated that she believes in God and she has her religious principles, and she does believe in the Church.[2]
[edit] Saxobeats era (2009–present)
In 2009, Stan released her debut promotional single, "Lollipop (Param Pam Pam)"[3] The song was out in late 2009 but impacted some major Romanian mainstream radio stations in early 2010, with an A-list addiment in May 2010. During summer 2010, she premiered a new track "Show Me The Way" and toured Romania. In September 2010, Stan premiered her second release "Mr. Saxobeat". In less than two months, the song became her greatest hit in Romania, peaking at number-one on the Romanian Top 100 and defending the position for eight consecutive weeks.[4] The song was commercially successful worldwide. In early 2011, it entered the Spanish Singles Chart and debuted inside the top ten of the French Singles Chart as well as in the Canadian Hot 100. It has firstly hit the #1 position in Italy and Denmark, then in Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. In late May, "Saxobeat" became the first Romanian song to reach #1 in Germany since "Dragostea din Tei". It was a number-one in Austria, Germany and Switzerland for twenty weeks in total. It was also a top-five success in over twenty countries, including #2 in Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Netherlands, Norway and Scotland, as well as #3 in Spain, Sweden and the UK Singles Chart. In New Zealand it peaked at number-four, while on the Brasil Hot 100 at.number-six while in Australia, Canada and the US Billboard Hot 100 at #21, #24, 25 and 29 respectively. It was also a #1 in the UK Dance Chart and in the US Hot Dance Airplay for seven weeks (the longest run in the 2010s).
After the success of "Mr. Saxobeat", Stan released a follow-up "Get Back (ASAP)". So far, it peaked at number-one in Slovakia, at number-four in the Romanian Top 100, at number-eight in Finland and inside the top twenty in over five countries. The song "Lollipop" was re-released for international digital markets exclusively, but with no success. In summer 2011, Stan released another single, "Million", featuring famed German rapper Carlprit. As of September, 2011 the song has received little airplay in France and missed the top forty. Its music video's shots started on December 6, 2011.
On August 29, 2011, Alexandra Stan released her debut album, entitled "Saxobeats". It features eight tracks plus five remixes. The album was first released in France, then in Germany, Switzerland, Romania, Spain, Poland and Italy.[5][6] It was released in the United States and Canada on October 25, through Ultra Records. It is yet to be released in the UK. Her fourth overall single "1,000,000" ft. German rap star Carlprit has just been sent to mainstream radio stations in Belgium, France and Romania.[7] As of January 14, 2012, "1,000,000" has currently peaked at #13 on the Romanian Airplay Chart, its highest peak on the chart to date.[8]
Stan received multiple certification awards for "Mr. Saxobeat", including platinum in Australia[9] and Spain,[10] Platinum in Denmark[11] and Sweden[12] and Multi-Platinum in Italy.[13] At the 2011 Romanian Music Awards she received two nominations for "Mr. Saxobeat" ("Best Dance" and "Best Song", winning the latter) and two nods for herself "Best Female" and winning the "Borderbreaker Award". She was also nominated for Best European Act at the 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards, after winning Best Romanian Act where she was nominated alongside rapper Guess Who and Puia, singer Smiley and band Fly Project. In November, Stan lost the Best European to Lena Meyer-Landrut from Germany.
Discography[link]
Main article: Alexandra Stan discography
- Saxobeats (2011)
Singles[link]
| Single | Year |
|---|---|
| "Lollipop (Param Pam Pam)" | 2010 |
| "Mr. Saxobeat" | 2011 |
| "Get Back (ASAP)" | |
| "1.000.000" (featuring Carlprit) |
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Award | Category | Recipent | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Romanian Music Awards | "Best Song" | "Mr. Saxobeat" | Won |
| "Best Female" | "Alexandra Stan" | Nominated | ||
| "Best Dance" | "Mr. Saxobeat" | Nominated | ||
| "Border Breaker" | "Alexandra Stan" | Won | ||
| 2011 MTV Europe Music Awards | "Best Romanian Act" | "Alexandra Stan" | Won | |
| "Best European Act" | "Alexandra Stan" | Nominated | ||
| European Border Breakers Award[14] | "European Border Breakers Award" | "Alexandra Stan" | Won | |
| 2012 | RRA Awards | "Best Pop-Dance Song" | "Get Back (ASAP)" | Won |
References[link]
- ^ a b c "Artist | Alexandra Stan". alexandrastan.ro. http://www.alexandrastan.ro/artist/. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ Scris de Valy (2010-11-15). "Making of "Mr. Saxobeat" video". Urban.ro. http://www.urban.ro/muzica/videoclipuri/video-making-of-alexandra-stan-mr-saxobeat/. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ "Video | Alexandra Stan - Part 3". alexandrastan.ro. http://www.alexandrastan.ro/category/video/page/3/. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ "Top 29 piese romanesti (saptamana 8 - 14 noiembrie)" (in Romanian). urban.ro. 16 November 2010. http://www.monden.info/topuri/top-29-piese-romanesti-saptamana-8-14-noiembrie/. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ "Saxobeats - Alexandra Stan - empik.com". http://www.empik.com/saxobeats-stan-alexandra,p1044930546,muzyka-p. Retrieved 17/09/2011.
- ^ "L'ALBUM DI ALEXANDRA STAN SARA' IN TUTTI I MIGLIORI NEGOZI DI DISCHI DAL 27 SETTEMBRE 2011!!!!". http://www.facebook.com/AlexandraStanItalia/posts/207494089315089. Retrieved 15/09/2011.
- ^ http://www.monitorulsv.ro/Monden/2011-10-06/Alexandra-Stan-si-a-lansat-single-ul-1000000-in-premiera-la-Pro-FM
- ^ http://charly1300.com/romaniaairplay/romaniaairplay106.htm>
- ^ "Top 50 Singles Chart - Australian Record Industry Association". Ariacharts.com.au. http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display_singles.asp?chart=1U50. Retrieved 2011-09-26.
- ^ "Top 50 Canciones" (in Spanish). PROMUSICAE. Week 21, 2011. http://www.promusicae.org/files/listastonos/historial/TOP%2050%20CANCIONES%2011_21.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-02.
- ^ "Certificeringer | ifpi.dk" (in Danish). IFPI Danmark. http://ifpi.dk/?q=certificeringer&page=7. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
- ^ "Veckolista Singlar - Vecka 27, 8 juli 2011". Sverigetopplistan. GLF. 8 July 2011. http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/lista?liid=41&dfom=20110629&newi=0&mode=list. Retrieved 9 July 2011.
- ^ "FIMI certifications" (in Italian). fimi. FIMI Italy. 8 May 2011. http://www.fimi.it/temp/cert_Nielsen_week2611.pdf. Retrieved 3 July 2011.
- ^ "Another Border Breaker...". Alexandra Stan's Official Page. http://www.facebook.com/AlexandraStanOfficial/posts/124009641038844. Retrieved 07/10/2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Alexandra Stan |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Stan, Alexandra |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Romanian singer |
| Date of birth | 10 June, 1989 |
| Place of birth | Constanța, Romania |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Lady Gaga | |
|---|---|
 Lady Gaga performing on The Monster Ball Tour in 2010 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta |
| Born | (1986-03-28) March 28, 1986 (age 26) New York, New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, dance, electronic |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, performance artist, record producer, dancer, businesswoman, activist |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano, keyboards |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels | Def Jam, Cherrytree, Streamline, Kon Live, Interscope |
| Website |
 Lady Gaga's signature |
Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (/ˈstɛfəniː dʒʌrməˈnɑːtə/ STE-fə-nee jurr-mə-NAH-tə; born March 28, 1986), known by her stage name Lady Gaga, is an American singer and songwriter. Born and raised in New York City, she primarily studied at the Convent of the Sacred Heart and briefly attended New York University's Tisch School of the Arts before withdrawing to focus on her musical career. She began performing in the rock music scene of Manhattan's Lower East Side, and was signed with Streamline Records by the end of 2007. During her employment as a songwriter for the record company, her vocal abilities captured the attention of recording artist Akon, who signed her to his label Kon Live Distribution.
Lady Gaga came to prominence as a recording artist following the release of her debut album The Fame (2008), which was a critical and commercial success that topped charts around the world and included the international number-one singles "Just Dance" and "Poker Face". After embarking on the The Fame Ball Tour, she followed the album with The Fame Monster (2009), which spawned the worldwide hit singles "Bad Romance", "Telephone" and "Alejandro". The album's success allowed her to embark on the eighteen-month long Monster Ball Tour, which later became one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time. Her most recent album Born This Way (2011) topped the charts of most major markets and generated more international chart-topping singles, including "Born This Way", "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory". Besides her musical career, she involves herself with humanitarian causes and LGBT activism.
Influenced by David Bowie, Michael Jackson, Madonna and Queen, Lady Gaga is recognized for her flamboyant, diverse and outré contributions to the music industry through her fashion, performances and music videos. She has sold an estimated 23 million albums and 64 million singles worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time and her singles are some of the best selling worldwide.[1] Her achievements include five Grammy Awards and 13 MTV Video Music Awards. Lady Gaga has consecutively appeared on Billboard magazine's Artists of the Year (scoring the definitive title in 2010), ranked fourth in VH1's list of 100 Greatest Women in Music, is regularly placed on lists composed by Forbes magazine and was named one of the most influential people in the world by Time magazine.[2][3] In 2012, Gaga was ranked at number four on Billboard's list of top moneymakers of 2011, grossing more than $25 million.[4]
Contents |
Biography[link]
1986–2004: Early life[link]
Lady Gaga was born Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta on March 28, 1986 in New York City to parents Cynthia (née Bissett) and Joseph Germanotta, an Internet entrepreneur.[5][6] Descending from Italian and more distant French-Canadian roots, Gaga is the elder of two children.[7][8] Her sister, Natali, a fashion student, was born in 1992.[9][10] Despite her seemingly affluent upbringing in the family home in Manhattan's Upper West Side, Gaga has stressed that she did not come from a wealthy background, stating that her parents "both came from lower-class families, so we've worked for everything—my mother worked eight to eight out of the house, in telecommunications, and so did my father."[11][12]
From the age of 11, Gaga – who was raised Roman Catholic – attended the Convent of the Sacred Heart, a private all-girls Roman Catholic school on Manhattan's Upper East Side.[13][14][15] She described her academic life in high school as "very dedicated, very studious, very disciplined" but also "a bit insecure": "I used to get made fun of for being either too provocative or too eccentric, so I started to tone it down. I didn't fit in, and I felt like a freak."[16][17] Acquaintances dispute that she did not fit in at school. "She had a core group of friends; she was a good student. She liked boys a lot, but singing was No. 1," recalled a former high school classmate.[18] Gaga began playing the piano at the age of 4, went on to write her first piano ballad at 13, and started to perform at open mike nights by the age of 14.[19][20] Her passion for musical theatre brought her lead roles in high school productions, including Adelaide in Guys and Dolls and Philia in A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum.[21] She also appeared in a very small role as a mischievous classmate in the television drama series The Sopranos in a 2001 episode titled "The Telltale Moozadell" in addition to unsuccessfully auditioning for parts in New York shows.[11][22]
When her time at the Convent of the Sacred Heart came to an end, her mother encouraged her to apply for the Collaborative Arts Project 21 (CAP21), a musical theatre training conservatory at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts.[11] After becoming one of twenty students to gain early admission, she eventually lived in an NYU dorm on 11th Street by the age of 17.[21] CAP21 prepared her for her future career focus in "music, art, sex and celebrity" where, in addition to sharpening her songwriting skills, she composed essays and analytical papers on art, religion, social issues and politics, including a thesis on pop artists Spencer Tunick and Damien Hirst.[20][23][24] With CAP21, she also tried out for and won auditions, including the part of an unsuspecting diner customer for MTV's Boiling Points, a prank reality television show.[11][25] But Gaga felt more creative than some of her classmates. "Once you learn how to think about art, you can teach yourself," she said.
2005–07: Career beginnings[link]
Gaga withdrew from CAP21 at 19, in the second semester of her sophomore year, deciding to focus on her musical career.[26] Her father agreed to pay her rent for a year, on the condition that she re-enroll at Tisch if unsuccessful. "I left my entire family, got the cheapest apartment I could find, and ate shit until somebody would listen," she remembers.[21] Settled in a small apartment on Rivington Street towards the summer of 2005, Gaga recorded a couple of songs with hip-hop singer Grandmaster Melle Mel, for an audio book accompanying the children's book The Portal in the Park, by Cricket Casey.[11][27] She also began a band called the Stefani Germanotta Band (SGBand) with some friends from NYU – guitarist Calvin Pia, bassist Eli Silverman, drummer Alex Beckham and booking manager Frank Fredericks – in September of that year.[11][21] The band played a mixture of songs: some self-penned alongside classic rock numbers like Led Zeppelin's "D'yer Mak'er".[11] Playing in bars like the Greenwich Village's The Bitter End and the Lower East Side's the Mercury Lounge, the band developed a small fan base and caught the eye of music producer Joe Vulpis.[11] Soon after arranging time in Vulpis' studio in the months that followed, SGBand were selling their extended plays Words and Red and Blue (both 2005) at gigs around New York while becoming a local fixture of the downtown Lower East Side club scene.[21]
SGBand reached their career peak at the 2006 Songwriters Hall of Fame New Songwriters Showcase at The Cutting Room in June where Wendy Starland, a musician, appeared as a talent scout for music producer Rob Fusari. Starland informed Fusari – who was searching for a female singer to front a new band – of Gaga's ability and contacted her. With SGBand disbanded, Gaga traveled daily to New Jersey to work on songs she had written and compose new material with the music producer.[11] While in collaboration, Fusari compared some of her vocal harmonies to those of Freddie Mercury, lead singer of Queen.[28] It was Fusari who helped create the moniker Gaga after the Queen song "Radio Ga Ga". Gaga was in the process of trying to come up with a stage name when she received a text message from Fusari that read "Lady Gaga."[29] He explained, "Every day, when Stef came to the studio, instead of saying hello, I would start singing 'Radio Ga Ga'. That was her entrance song" and that the text message was the result of a predictive text glitch that changed "radio" to "lady". She texted back, "That's it," and declared, "Don't ever call me Stefani again."[29][30] The New York Post, however, has reported that this story is incorrect, and that the name resulted from a marketing meeting.[18]
Although the musical relationship between Fusari and Gaga was unsuccessful at first, the pair soon set up a company titled Team Lovechild in which they recorded and produced electropop tracks and sent them to music industry bosses.[11] Joshua Sarubin, the head of A&R at Def Jam Recordings, responded positively and vied for the record company to take a chance on her "unusual and provocative" performance. After having his boss Antonio "L.A." Reid in agreement, Gaga was signed to Def Jam in September 2006 with the intention of having an album ready in nine months.[11] However, she was dropped by the label after only three months – an unfortunate period of her life that would later inspire her treatment for the music video for her 2011 single "Marry the Night".[31][32] Devastated, Gaga returned to the solace of the family home for Christmas and the nightlife culture of the Lower East Side.[11]
She became increasingly experimental: fascinating herself with emerging neo-burlesque shows, go-go dancing at bars dressed in little more than a bikini in addition to experimenting with drugs.[11][14] Her father, however, did not understand the reason behind her drug intake and could not look at her for several months.[14][30] "I was onstage in a thong, with a fringe hanging over my ass thinking that had covered it, lighting hairsprays on fire, go-go dancing to Black Sabbath and singing songs about oral sex. The kids would scream and cheer and then we'd all go grab a beer. It represented freedom to me. I went to a Catholic school but it was on the New York underground that I found myself."[23] It was then when she became romantically involved with a heavy metal drummer in a relationship and break-up she likened to the musical film Grease: "I was his Sandy, and he was my Danny, and I just broke." He later became an inspiration behind some of her later songs.[33]
During this time, she met performance artist Lady Starlight, who helped mold her on-stage persona.[34] Starlight explained that, upon their first meeting, Gaga wanted to perform with her to songs she had recorded with Fusari. Like SGBand, the pair soon began performing at many of the downtown club venues like the Mercury Lounge, The Bitter End, and the Rockwood Music Hall. Their live performance art piece was known as "Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue" and, billed as "The Ultimate Pop Burlesque Rockshow", was a low-fi tribute to 1970s variety acts.[35][36] Soon after, the two were invited to play at the 2007 Lollapalooza music festival in August that year.[37] The show was critically acclaimed, and their performance received positive reviews.[20][35] Having initially focused on avant-garde electronic dance music, Gaga had found her musical niche when she began to incorporate pop melodies and the glam rock of David Bowie and Queen into her music.[38]
While Gaga and Starlight were busy performing, producer Rob Fusari continued to work on the songs he had created with Gaga. Fusari sent these songs to his friend, producer and record executive Vincent Herbert.[39] Herbert was quick to sign her to his label Streamline Records, an imprint of Interscope Records, upon its establishment in 2007.[40] Gaga later credited Herbert as the man who discovered her, adding "I really feel like we made pop history, and we're gonna keep going."[39] Having served as an apprentice songwriter under an internship at Famous Music Publishing, which was later acquired by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, Gaga subsequently struck a music publishing deal with Sony/ATV.[41] As a result, she was hired to write songs for Britney Spears and labelmates New Kids on the Block, Fergie, and the Pussycat Dolls.[41] At Interscope, singer-songwriter Akon recognized her vocal abilities when she sang a reference vocal for one of his tracks in studio.[42] Akon then convinced Interscope-Geffen-A&M Chairman and CEO Jimmy Iovine to form a joint deal by having her also sign with his own label Kon Live, making her his "franchise player."[31][43]
As 2007 came to a close, her former management company introduced her to songwriter and producer RedOne, whom they also managed.[44] The first song she produced with RedOne was "Boys Boys Boys", a mash-up inspired by Mötley Crüe's "Girls, Girls, Girls" and AC/DC's "T.N.T.".[30][44] Gaga continued her collaboration with RedOne in the recording studio for a week on her debut album and also joined the roster of Cherrytree Records, an Interscope imprint established by producer and songwriter Martin Kierszenbaum, after co-writing four songs with Kierszenbaum including the singles "Christmas Tree" and "Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)".[41] Despite her secure record deal, she admitted that there was fear about her being too "racy", "dance-orientated" and "underground" for the mainstream market. Her response: "My name is Lady Gaga, I've been on the music scene for years, and I'm telling you, this is what's next."[15]
[edit] 2008–10: The Fame and The Fame Monster
By 2008, Gaga had relocated to Los Angeles in order to work extensively with her record label to complete her debut album and set up her own creative team Haus of Gaga, modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory.[30][45] The Fame was first released on August 19, 2008 to slow radio play. Gaga supported it by performing around Europe and in small gay clubs around the US in addition to being billed as a supporting artist on the North American leg of New Kids on the Block's reunion concert tour.[46][47] A sleeper hit, lead single "Just Dance" had preceded the album's release by four months but only hit the summit of the international charts in January 2009, provoking the instant success of the album, earning her first Grammy Award nomination (for Best Dance Recording) and becoming one of the best-selling singles worldwide.[46][48] Gaga achieved a greater unexpected success when "Poker Face", another sleeper hit, reached number one in most major music markets worldwide in early 2009, selling 9.8 million singles worldwide.[49][50] The follow-up single won the award for Best Dance Recording at the 52nd Grammy Awards over nominations for Song of the Year and Record of the Year.
The Fame itself was nominated for Album of the Year while winning Best Dance/Electronica Album at the same ceremony.[51] Contemporary critics lauded the album, describing it as an exploration of her obsession with fame and the intricacies of a rich and famous lifestyle, noting its combination of genres "from Def Leppard drums and hand claps to metal drums on urban tracks", the inspiration drawn from 1980s synthpop and incorporation of dance music with clear hooks.[31] The Fame went to number one in Austria, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Switzerland and the UK and appeared in the top five in Australia, the US and 15 other countries.[52][53] It also stayed atop the Dance/Electronic Albums chart for 106 non-consecutive weeks and, since its release, has sold over 12 million copies worldwide.[54] The album's success spawned many 2009 honors including Billboard magazine's Rising Star award and the accumulation of 3 of 9 MTV Video Music Awards nominations, winning Best New Artist with the video for her single "Paparazzi" gaining Best Art Direction and Best Special Effects.[55][56] In addition to being an opening act on the Pussycat Dolls' Doll Domination Tour during the first half of 2009 in Europe and Oceania, she also embarked on her own six-month critically appreciated worldwide concert tour The Fame Ball Tour which ran from March to September 2009.[57][58]
While she traveled the globe, she wrote The Fame Monster, an EP of eight songs released in November 2009. Each song, dealing with the darker side of fame from personal experience, is expressed through a monster metaphor. Making Gaga the first artist in digital history to have three singles (alongside "Just Dance" and "Poker Face") to pass the four million mark in digital sales, its lead single "Bad Romance" topped the charts in eighteen countries and reached the top two in the US, Australia and New Zealand while accruing the Grammy Awards for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Best Short Form Music Video.[59] The second single "Telephone", which features singer Beyoncé, was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals and became Gaga's fourth UK number one single; its accompanying music video, although controversial, received positive reception from contemporary critics who praised her for "the musicality and showmanship of Michael Jackson and the powerful sexuality and provocative instincts of Madonna."[60][61] Her following single "Alejandro" paired Gaga with fashion photographer Steven Klein for a music video similarly as controversial – critics complimented its ideas and dark nature but the Catholic League attacked Gaga for her alleged use of blasphemy.[62] Despite the controversy surrounding her music videos, they made Gaga the first artist to gain over one billion viral views on video-sharing website YouTube.[63] At the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards, Gaga won 8 of her 13 nominations, including Video of the Year for "Bad Romance" (with "Telephone" also nominated), which made her the first female artist to be nominated twice for the award.[64][65] In addition, The Fame Monster garnered a total of six nominations at the 53rd Grammy Awards – equating to the amount of Grammy nominations her debut received – winning Best Pop Vocal Album and earning her a second-consecutive nomination for Album of the Year.[66][67]
The success of the album allowed Gaga to start her second worldwide concert tour, The Monster Ball Tour, just weeks after the release of The Fame Monster and months after having finished The Fame Ball Tour.[68] Upon finishing in May 2011, the critically acclaimed and commercially accomplished tour ran for over one and a half years and grossed $227.4 million, making it one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time and the highest-grossing for a debut headlining artist.[69] Concerts performed at Madison Square Garden in New York City were filmed for a HBO television special titled Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden. The special accrued one of its five Emmy Award nominations and has since been released on DVD and Blu-ray.[70] Gaga also performed songs from the album at international events such as the 2009 Royal Variety Performance where she sang "Speechless", a power ballad, in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II; the 52nd Grammy Awards where her opening performance consisted of the song "Poker Face" and a piano duet of "Speechless" in a medley of "Your Song" with Elton John; and the 2010 BRIT Awards where a performance of an acoustic rendition of "Telephone" followed by "Dance in the Dark" dedicated to the late fashion designer and close friend, Alexander McQueen, supplemented her hat-trick win at the awards ceremony.[71] Other performances may have included her participation in Michael Jackson's This Is It concert series at London's O2 Arena. "I was actually asked to open for Michael on his tour," she stated. "We were going to open for him at the O2 and we were working on making it happen. I believe there was some talk about us, lots of the openers, doing duets with Michael on stage."[72]
In 2009 she collaborated with consumer electronic company Monster Cable Products to create a pair of in-ear jewel-encrusted headphones titled Heartbeats. "They are designed to be the first ever fashion accessories that double as the absolute best sonically sounding headphones in the world," she commented.[73] Gaga also partnered with Polaroid in January 2010 as their Creative Director.[74] Excited about "blending the iconic history of Polaroid and instant film with the digital era," Gaga unveiled the first trio of new products called Grey Label: a pair of picture-taking sunglasses, a paperback-sized mobile printing unit and an updated version of the traditional Polaroid camera at the 2011 Consumer Electronics Show.[75] But her collaboration with past producer Rob Fusari led to her production team, Mermaid Music LLC, being sued in March 2010 when he claimed that he was entitled to a 20% share of the company's earnings. Gaga's lawyer, Charles Ortner, described the agreement with Fusari as "unlawful" and declined to comment, but five months later, the New York Supreme Court dismissed both the lawsuit and a countersuit by Gaga.[76][77] In addition to such strife, Gaga was tested borderline positive for lupus, but claimed not to be affected by the symptoms. The revelations caused considerable dismay among fans, leading to Gaga addressing the matter in an interview with Larry King, saying she hopes to avoid symptoms by maintaining a healthy lifestyle.[78][79]
[edit] 2011–present: Born This Way
Gaga released her second studio album and third major release, Born This Way, on May 23, 2011. Described as a marriage of electronic music with metal, rock 'n' roll, pop and anthemic style melodies with sledge-hammering dance beats and referred to as an album "about what what keeps us up at night and what makes us afraid," Gaga characterized it as "something so much deeper than a wig or lipstick or a fucking meat dress" and, upon hearing it, Akon remarked that she is taking music to the "next level."[80][81] Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its range of different styles and her vocals.[82][83] Born This Way sold 1.108 million copies in its first week in the US, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and topped the charts in more than 20 other countries.[84] In addition to exceeding 8 million copies in worldwide sales, Born This Way received 3 Grammy Award nominations, including her third consecutive for Album of the Year.[85]
In the months prior to its unveiling, Gaga released the singles "Born This Way", "Judas" and "The Edge of Glory" alongside promotional single "Hair". The eponymous lead single, first sung live at the 53rd Grammy Awards in a performance that saw Gaga emerge from an egg-like vessel, deals with self-acceptance regardless of race or sexual orientation. The single debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the 19th number-one debut and the 1,000th number-one single in the history of the charts.[86] It sold more than 3 million digital copies in the US by October 2011, becoming her eighth consecutive single to exceed sales of 2 million and, with worldwide sales of 8.2 million copies by November 2011, one of her five best-selling singles worldwide.[87] Critics noted artistic and cultural references and praised the concept of the song's accompanying music video, in which Gaga gives birth to a new race amidst surrealistic images.[88][89] The video for "Judas", in which Gaga portrays Mary Magdalene, and Biblical figures such as Jesus Christ and Judas Iscariot are also featured, was criticized for its religious references but received acclaim for its overall delivery and praise from others who claimed that there was nothing offensive about it.[90] "Judas" also peaked within the top ten in several major musical markets, while "The Edge of Glory", first a commercial success in digital outlets, was later released as a single to critical appreciation, accompanied by a video which was notably stripped down from her usually "extravagant" efforts.[91][92] She released "You and I" and "Marry the Night" as the following singles from Born This Way. Although their "crazy and ambitious" videos were praised for their audacity, both songs failed to match the similar international success that their predecessors achieved.[93]
Gaga continued her musical endeavors by pairing with veteran artists like Tony Bennett to record a jazz version of "The Lady Is a Tramp".[94] She also recorded a duet with Cher on a "massive" and "beautiful" track, which Gaga "wrote a long time ago, and I've never put it on one of my own albums for, really, no particular reason."[95] Gaga also lent her vocals to an original duet with Elton John for the animated feature film Gnomeo & Juliet. The song, "Hello, Hello", was released without Gaga's vocals but the duet version features in the film.[96][97] She also continued her live appearances throughout 2011, performing a one-of-a-kind concert at the Sydney Town Hall on July 13 in promotion of Born This Way and at the celebration of former US president Bill Clinton's 65th birthday, wearing a blond wig as a nod to the famous performance of Marilyn Monroe for John F. Kennedy and changing the lyrics to "You and I" specifically for the performance.[98] Televised appearances comprised her own Thanksgiving Day television special entitled A Very Gaga Thanksgiving which was critically lauded, attained 5.749 million American viewers, and spawned the release of her fourth extended play A Very Gaga Holiday.[99] Her second performance on Saturday Night Live saw her singing a selection of Born This Way songs alongside appearing in number of sketches with Justin Timberlake and Andy Samberg.[100] In March 2012, Gaga was ranked at number four on Billboard's list of top moneymakers of 2011, grossing $25,353,039 dollars, which includes sales from Born This Way and her Monster Ball Tour.[4]
In early 2012, Gaga stated that songs for a new album were "beginning to flourish" as she worked with producer Fernando Garibay, while the accompanying tour for Born This Way was materializing.[101][102] Gaga's manager, Vincent Herbert, revealed that Gaga will is working on her upcoming album during the tour, stating that the material is "insane, great records."[103] The Born This Way Ball Tour began on April 27, 2012, at the Olympic Stadium in Seoul, South Korea.[104] The tour was met with protests from several religious groups who denounced the tour as satanic and against religious values, resulting in protests mainly from the Islamic Defenders Front, causing a cancellation in the Indonesian city of Jakarta, where Gaga was denied a license to perform. The concert however was still in question as concert promoters were optimistic that the performance will in fact go on. However, due to threats of violence from Muslim hardliners, Gaga decided to cancel the concert although 52,000 tickets have sold out in just a few days.[105][106][107] On May 20, 2012, Gaga guest-starred on the 23rd season finale of The Simpsons entitled "Lisa Goes Gaga".[108]
Artistry[link]
Influences[link]
Gaga's parents, who exposed her to artists like The Beatles, Stevie Wonder, Queen, Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, The Grateful Dead, Led Zeppelin and Elton John had significant influence on her childhood and, presently, still do.[109] "I am a real family girl. When it comes to love and loyalty, I am very old-fashioned. And I am quite down-to-earth for such an eccentric person," she insists.[110] "I'm quite traditional in the family sense. I've always been that way."[109] According to Gaga, Joanne Germanotta – her aunt who died of lupus aged 19 – lives on through her and inspires all of her music and art.[111] Joanne's date of death is tattooed on Gaga's body and, despite dying 12 years before her birth, Gaga commented, "I really believe I have two hearts. I think I actually carry two souls in my body, and that I'm living out the rest of her life and her goodness – she died a virgin, she died never having experienced all these things that we all get to love and experience in our lives."[112] Another spiritual influence on Gaga has been the Indian physician, public speaker and writer Deepak Chopra. Labeling him a "true inspiration", she stated that "he's always reminded me to work in a life of service to my fans and to fulfill my vision and my destiny" in addition to thinking about Chopra when it comes to her work as a musician: "I want so much for it to go beyond the music for my fans."[113]
Musically, Gaga takes influence from numerous musicians from dance-pop singers like Madonna and Michael Jackson to glam rock artists like David Bowie and Queen whilst employing the theatrics of artists like Andy Warhol and of her musical theatre roots in performance.[31][114][115] The Queen song "Radio Ga Ga" inspired her stage name: "I adored Freddie Mercury and Queen had a hit called 'Radio Gaga'. That's why I love the name [...] Freddie was unique—one of the biggest personalities in the whole of pop music," she commented.[18][114][116] Gaga receives regular comparisons to recording artist Madonna who admits that she sees herself reflected in Gaga.[117] In response to the comparisons, Gaga stated, "I don't want to sound presumptuous, but I've made it my goal to revolutionize pop music. The last revolution was launched by Madonna 25 years ago" in addition to commenting that "there is really no one that is a more adoring and loving Madonna fan than me. I am the hugest fan personally and professionally."[114][118] Like Madonna, Gaga has continued to reinvent herself and, over the years of her career, has drawn musical inspiration from a diverse mix of artists including Whitney Houston, Grace Jones, Cyndi Lauper, Blondie singer Debbie Harry, Scissor Sisters, Prince, Marilyn Manson, Yoko Ono, and Britney Spears.[119]
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Gaga has been influenced by a wide-range of artists as to which she has played homages to, including Madonna (left) and Bruce Springsteen. (Right)
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Gaga has mentioned Spears in several interviews, and revealed, "Britney certainly doesn’t need any freakin’ tips from me! Britney Spears is the queen of pop. I was learning from her."[120] Gaga also paid tribute to Spears during the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards with the MTV Video Vanguard Award, adding that the pop singer "taught us all how to be fearless, and the industry wouldn't be the same without her."[121]
Gaga has identified fashion as a major influence and has been stylistically compared to English eccentrics Leigh Bowery and Isabella Blow and to American recording artist Cher.[14][26][110][122] She commented that "as a child, she somehow absorbed Cher's out-there fashion sense and made it her own."[122] She has considered Donatella Versace her muse and the late British fashion designer and close friend Alexander McQueen as an inspiration, admitting that "I miss Lee every time I get dressed" while channeling him in some of her work.[14][78] Modeled on Andy Warhol's Factory, Gaga has her own creative production team, which she handles personally, called the Haus of Gaga, who create many of her clothes, stage props, and hairdos.[123] Her adoration of fashion came from her mother, who she stated was "always very well kept and beautiful."[6] "When I'm writing music, I'm thinking about the clothes I want to wear on stage. It's all about everything altogether—performance art, pop performance art, fashion. For me, it's everything coming together and being a real story that will bring back the super-fan. I want to bring that back. I want the imagery to be so strong that fans will want to eat and taste and lick every part of us."[26] The Global Language Monitor named "Lady Gaga" as the Top Fashion Buzzword with her trademark "no pants" a close third.[124] Entertainment Weekly put her outfits on its end of the decade "best-of" list, saying, "Whether it's a dress made of Muppets or strategically placed bubbles, Gaga's outré ensembles brought performance art into the mainstream."[125] Gaga made her runway debut at Thierry Mugler's Paris fashion show in March 2011 where she wore items from Nicola Formichetti's debut women's wear collection.[126] In June of the same year, she won the Council of Fashion Designers of America Award for Fashion Icon.[127] Time Magazine placed Gaga on their "All-Time 100 Fashion Icons List" amongst some of Gaga's inspirations such as Michael Jackson, Madonna, and the The Beatles, stating: "Lady Gaga is just as notorious for her outrageous style as she is for her pop hits. After all, Gaga, born Stefani Germanotta, has sported outfits made from plastic bubbles, Kermit the Frog dolls, and raw meat."[128] She has since devoted her time as a fashion columnist for V magazine, where she has written about her creative process, her studying of the world of pop culture, and her ability to tune into the evolution of pop-culture meme.[129]
In August 2011 she sent to her 15 millions followers that she had at that time on Twitter, a quote about creativity from the book "Creativity"[130] by Osho,[131] which led journalists, on October 28, of the same year, on her arrival to India for the inauguration of a big Formula One motorsport event,[132] to ask her about her connection to him, to which Gaga said she was influenced by his work and that for her, "the creativity is the greatest way of rebellion": "Equality", she concluded, "is one of the most important things in my life".[133]
Musical style[link]
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A 30-second sample of Lady Gaga's "Just Dance" featuring the chorus sung by Lady Gaga and Colby O'Donis in the range of B3 to C♯, backed by a synth marching beat. The song became her first international hit single and sold 7.7 million copies worldwide.
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Continually experimenting with new musical ideas and images, Gaga's musical and performance style is the subject of much analysis and scrutiny from critics. She professes that she is "liberating" herself by constantly reinventing her sound and image, insisting that she has been drawn to such a practice since her childhood.[134] Vocally, Gaga possesses the range of a contralto and exhibits "overwhelming expression, instinctive vocal phrasing, '80s rock reminiscent chest belts and animalistic vocal ticks" while being able to move through 2.4 octaves.[135][136] Refusing to lip sync, Gaga – whose range is frequently compared to those of Madonna and Gwen Stefani – has manipulated her vocal style over the course of her career yet considers Born This Way (2011) "much more vocally up to par with what I've always been capable of."[137][138] In summation of her voice, Entertainment Weekly wrote, "There's an immense emotional intelligence behind the way she uses her voice. Almost never does she overwhelm a song with her vocal ability, recognizing instead that artistry is to be found in nuance rather than lung power."[139]
Although her early lyrics have been criticized for lacking intellectual stimulation, "[Gaga] does manage to get you moving and grooving at an almost effortless pace."[140] She admits that her songwriting has been misinterpreted; her friend and blogger Perez Hilton articulated her message in a clearer way: "you write really deep intelligent lyrics with shallow concepts." Gaga opined, "Perez is very intelligent and clearly listened to my record from beginning to end, and he is correct."[141] "I love songwriting. It's so funny – I will just jam around in my underwear or I could be washing my dishes. I wrote several songs just at the piano," she confesses.[141] Gaga believes that "all good music can be played at a piano and still sound like a hit."[142] She has covered a wide variety of topics in her songs: while The Fame (2008) meditates on the lust for stardom, The Fame Monster (2009) expresses fame's dark side through monster metaphors. Born This Way (2011) is sung in English, French, German and Spanish and includes common themes in Gaga's controversial songwriting like love, sex, religion, money, drugs, identity, liberation, sexuality, freedom and individualism.[143][144]
The structure of her music is said to echo classic 1980s pop and 1990s Europop.[145] Her debut album The Fame (2008) provoked The Sunday Times to assert "in combining music, fashion, art and technology, [Gaga] evokes Madonna, Gwen Stefani circa 'Hollaback Girl', Kylie Minogue 2001 or Grace Jones right now" and a critic from The Boston Globe to comment that she draws "obvious inspirations from Madonna to Gwen Stefani... in [her] girlish but sturdy pipes and bubbly beats."[146][147] Music critic Simon Reynolds wrote that "Everything about Gaga came from electroclash, except the music, which wasn't particularly 1980s, just ruthlessly catchy naughties pop glazed with Auto-Tune and undergirded with R&B-ish beats."[148] The follow-up The Fame Monster (2009), saw Gaga's taste for pastiche, drawing on "Seventies arena glam, perky ABBA disco and sugary throwbacks like Stacey Q" while Born This Way (2011) also draws on the records of her childhood and still has the "electro-sleaze beats and Eurodisco chorus chants" of its predecessor but includes genres as diverse as opera, heavy metal, disco, and rock and roll.[143] "There isn't a subtle moment on the album, but even at its nuttiest, the music is full of wide-awake emotional details," wrote Rolling Stone, who concluded: "The more excessive Gaga gets, the more honest she sounds."[144]
Music videos and performances[link]
With constant costume changes, backup dancers, and provocative visuals, Gaga's music videos are often described as short films.[149] "Being provocative is not just about getting people's attention. It's about saying something that really affects people in a real way, in a positive way," she professes.[149] Exploring bondage and sadomasochism in addition to highlighting prevalent feminist themes, "the three central themes that shape Lady Gaga's music videos are sex, violence, and power."[150] "Vaudevillian and carnal, Lady Gaga has got the knack of sending rape-like fantasies—in songs and videos that double as catch club hits—to the top of the charts," wrote one critic.[151] "Whether it is physical violence or sexual exploitation, these videos offer vivid depictions of male power over women's bodies," wrote another.[150] While she labels herself "a little bit of a feminist" (she rejects man-hating feminism) and asserts that she is "sexually empowering women,"[151] Gaga strives to empower young women to stand up for what they believe in.[150] She also attempts to liberate her fans so they can feel "less alone."[152] "She not only reiterates her assertion of total originality," professed pop critic Ann Powers, "but also finesses it until it's both a philosophical stance about how constructing a persona from pop-cultural sources can be an expression of a person's truth—a la those drag queens Gaga sincerely admires—and a bit of a feminist act."[153] In summation of her videos, Rolling Stone used the rhetoric: "does anyone look to a Lady Gaga video for restraint?"[93]
Her performances are described as "highly entertaining and innovative"; the blood-spurting performance of "Paparazzi" at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was described as "eye-popping" by MTV.[154] She continued the "blood soaked" theme during The Monster Ball Tour, in which she wore a revealing leather corset and was "attacked" by a performer dressed in black who gnaws on her throat, causing "blood" to spurt down her chest, after which she lies "dying" in a pool of blood. Her performances of that scene in England triggered protests from family groups and fans in the aftermath of a local tragedy, in which a taxi driver had murdered 12 people.[155] "What happened in Bradford is very fresh in people's minds and given all the violence which happened in Cumbria just hours earlier, it was insensitive," said Lynn Costello of Mothers Against Violence.[156] Her unconventionality continued at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards: performing in drag as her male alter ego, Jo Calderone, and delivering a lovesick monologue before a performance of her song "You and I".[157] Some have defended her flamboyant and provocative behavior. "Well, she's Lady Gaga," Chris Rock said. "She's not 'Lady Behave Yourself.' Do you want great behavior from a person named Gaga? Is this what you were expecting?"[158] As Gaga's choreographer and creative director, Laurieann Gibson provided material for her shows and videos for four years. However, the pair parted in November 2011; Gaga replacing her with Gibson's assistant Richard Jackson.[159] Gaga admits to being a perfectionist when it comes to her elaborate shows. "I'm very bossy. I can scream my head off if I see one light fixture out. I'm very detailed – every minute of the show has got to be perfect."[149]
Public image[link]
See also: Lady Gaga on Twitter
While Rolling Stone named Gaga the "Queen of Pop" in 2011, public reception of Gaga's music, fashion sense and persona are mixed.[160] Her status as a role model, self-esteem booster for her fans, trailblazer and fashion icon who breathes new life into the industry is by turns affirmed and denied.[161] Gaga's albums have received mostly positive reviews and critics have pointed out her unique place in pop music, the need for new movements in popular culture, the attention Gaga brings to modern social issues, and the inherently subjective nature of her art.[162] In view of her influence on modern culture and her rise to global fame, sociologist Mathieu Deflem of the University of South Carolina has organized a course titled "Lady Gaga and the Sociology of Fame" since spring 2011 with the objective of unravelling "some of the sociologically relevant dimensions of the fame of Lady Gaga."[163] When Gaga briefly met with US president Barack Obama at a Human Rights Campaign fundraiser, he described the interaction as "intimidating" as she was dressed in 16-inch heels making her undoubtedly the tallest woman in the room.[164]
Contrary to her outré style, the New York Post described her early look as like "a refugee from Jersey Shore" with "big black hair, heavy eye makeup and tight, revealing clothes."[18] Gaga is a natural brunette; she bleached her hair blonde because she was often mistaken for Amy Winehouse.[6] She has nine tattoos on the left side of her body (her father has banned etchings on her right): a unicorn head with a ribbon wrapped around its horn that says "Born This Way"; a small heart with "dad" written inside it; several white roses; a treble clef; three daises; "Tokyo Love" with a little heart; "Little Monsters" written in cursive; a peace symbol, which was inspired by John Lennon, whom she stated was her hero; and a curling German script on her left arm quoting the poet Rainer Maria Rilke, her favorite writer, commenting that his "philosophy of solitude" spoke to her.[116][165] In a question posed about the necessary procedure to attach the prosthetics to give the unconventional appearance of recent horn-like ridges on her cheekbones, temples, and shoulders, Gaga responded, "They're not prosthetics, they're my bones." She also clarified that they were not the result of plastic surgery, believing such surgery to only be the modern byproduct of fame-induced insecurity to which she does not subscribe. The interviewer's further probing brought Gaga to the conclusion that they are an artistic representation of her inner inspirational light and part of the "performance piece" that is her musical persona: an inevitability of her becoming who she now is.[166]
Towards the end of 2008, comparisons were made between the fashions of Gaga and recording artist Christina Aguilera that noted similarities in their styling, hair, and make-up.[14] Aguilera stated that she was "completely unaware of [Gaga]" and "didn't know if it [was] a man or a woman."[14] Gaga released a statement in which she welcomed the comparisons due to the attention providing useful publicity, saying, "She's such a huge star and if anything I should send her flowers, because a lot of people in America didn't know who I was until that whole thing happened. It really put me on the map in a way."[167][168] When interviewed by Barbara Walters for her annual ABC News special 10 Most Fascinating People in 2009, Gaga dismissed the claim that she is intersex as an urban legend. Responding to a question on this issue, she stated, "At first it was very strange and everyone sorta said, 'That's really quite a story!' But in a sense, I portray myself in a very androgynous way, and I love androgyny."[169] In addition to Aguilera's statement, comparisons continued into 2010, when Aguilera released the music video of her single "Not Myself Tonight". Critics noted similarities between the song and its accompanying music video with Gaga's video for "Bad Romance".[170] There have also been similar comparisons made between Gaga's style and that of fashion icon Dale Bozzio from the band Missing Persons. Some have considered their respective images to be strikingly parallel although fans of Missing Persons note that Bozzio had pioneered the look more than thirty years earlier.[171]
While devout followers call Gaga "Mother Monster", Gaga often refers to her fans as "Little Monsters" which has been tattooed on "the arm that holds my mic" in dedication.[172][173] Her treatment of her "Little Monsters" has inspired criticism, due to the highly commercial nature of her music and image.[174] To some, this dichotomy contravenes the concept of outsider culture. Camille Paglia in her 2010 cover story "Lady Gaga and the death of sex" in The Sunday Times asserts that Gaga "is more an identity thief than an erotic taboo breaker, a mainstream manufactured product who claims to be singing for the freaks, the rebellious and the dispossessed when she is none of those."[175][176] Writing for The Guardian, Kitty Empire opined that the dichotomy "...allows the viewer to have a 'transgressive' experience without being required to think. At [her performance's] core, though, is the idea that Gaga is at one with the freaks and outcasts. The Monster Ball is where we can all be free. This is arrant nonsense, as the scads of people buying Gaga's cunningly commercial music are not limited to the niche worlds of drag queens and hip night creatures from which she draws her inspiration. But Gaga seems sincere."[177]
Philanthropy[link]
Besides her career in music, Gaga has also contributed to various charities. For natural disasters, Gaga has helped various relief efforts. Although declining an invitation to appear on the single "We Are the World 25" to benefit victims of the 2010 Haiti earthquake, she donated the proceeds of her January 24, 2010 concert at New York's Radio City Music Hall to the country's reconstruction relief fund.[178] All profits from her official online store on that day were also donated. Gaga announced that an estimated total of US$500,000 was collected for the fund.[179] Hours after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami hit Japan on March 11, 2011, Gaga tweeted a message and a link to Japan Prayer Bracelets. All revenue from a bracelet she designed in conjunction with the company was donated to relief efforts.[180] As of March 29, 2011, the bracelets raised $1.5 million.[181] However, attorney Alyson Oliver filed a lawsuit against Gaga in Detroit in June 2011, noting that the bracelet was subject to a sales tax and an extra $3.99 shipping charge was added to the price. She also believed that not all proceeds from the bracelets would go to the relief efforts, demanding a public accounting of the campaign and refunds for people who had bought the bracelet. Gaga's spokesperson called the lawsuit "meritless" and "misleading".[182] On June 25, 2011, Gaga performed at MTV Japan's charity show in Makuhari Messe, which benefited the Japanese Red Cross.[183]
HIV and AIDS[link]
Gaga also contributes in the fight against HIV and AIDS, focusing on educating young women about the risks of the disease. In collaboration with Cyndi Lauper, Gaga joined forces with MAC Cosmetics to launch a line of lipstick under their supplementary cosmetic line, Viva Glam. Titled Viva Glam Gaga and Viva Glam Cyndi for each contributor respectively, all net proceeds of the lipstick line were donated to the cosmetic company's campaign to prevent HIV and AIDS worldwide.[184] In a press release, Gaga declared, "I don't want Viva Glam to be just a lipstick you buy to help a cause. I want it to be a reminder when you go out at night to put a condom in your purse right next to your lipstick."[185] The sales of Gaga-endorsed Viva Glam lipstick and lipgloss have raised more than $202 million to fight HIV and AIDS.[3]
Born This Way Foundation[link]
Main article: Born This Way Foundation
As a humanitarian, she has launched her own non-profit organization, the Born This Way Foundation, which focuses on youth empowerment and issues like self-confidence, well-being, anti-bullying, mentoring, and career development. "My mother and I have initiated a passion project. We call it the Born This Way Foundation," Gaga said in a statement about the foundation, which takes its name from the 2011 single and album. "Together we hope to establish a standard of Bravery and Kindness, as well as a community worldwide that protects and nurtures others in the face of bullying and abandonment." The foundation will work with a number of partners, including the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The California Endowment and the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard University.[186] She also jumped into the debate surrounding SB 1070, Arizona's recently-enacted anti-immigration law, after premiering her Born This Way song "Americano" on the Guadalajara stop of The Monster Ball Tour in Mexico, telling the local press that she could not "stand by many of the unjust immigration laws" in the US.[187] A devoted advocate for the LGBT community, Gaga is also an outspoken activist for LGBT rights worldwide.[188] On February 29, 2012, Gaga and Oprah Winfrey visited Harvard University to launch her Born This Way Foundation.
LGBT advocacy[link]
Gaga attributes much of her early success as a mainstream artist to her gay fans and is considered to be a gay icon.[189] Early in her career she had difficulty getting radio airplay, and stated, "The turning point for me was the gay community. I've got so many gay fans and they're so loyal to me and they really lifted me up. They'll always stand by me and I'll always stand by them. It's not an easy thing to create a fanbase."[190] She thanked FlyLife, a Manhattan-based LGBT marketing company with whom her label Interscope works, in the liner notes of The Fame, saying, "I love you so much. You were the first heartbeat in this project, and your support and brilliance means the world to me. I will always fight for the gay community hand in hand with this incredible team."[191] One of her first televised performances was in May 2008 at the NewNowNext Awards, an awards show aired by the LGBT television network Logo, where she sang her song "Just Dance".[192] In June of the same year, she performed the song again at the San Francisco Pride event.[193]
After The Fame was released, she revealed that the song "Poker Face" was about her bisexuality. In an interview with Rolling Stone, she spoke about how her boyfriends tended to react to her bisexuality, saying "The fact that I'm into women, they're all intimidated by it. It makes them uncomfortable. They're like, 'I don't need to have a threesome. I'm happy with just you'."[33] When she appeared as a guest on The Ellen DeGeneres Show in May 2009, she praised DeGeneres for being "an inspiration for women and for the gay community".[194] She proclaimed that the October 11, 2009 National Equality March rally on the National Mall was "the single most important event of her career." As she exited, she left with an exultant "Bless God and bless the gays,"[195] similar to her 2009 MTV Video Music Awards acceptance speech for Best New Artist a month earlier.[196] At the Human Rights Campaign Dinner, held the same weekend as the rally, she performed a cover of John Lennon's "Imagine" declaring that "I'm not going to [play] one of my songs tonight because tonight is not about me, it's about you." She changed the original lyrics of the song to reflect the death of Matthew Shepard, a college student murdered because of his sexuality.[197]
Gaga attended the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards accompanied by four service members of the United States Armed Forces (Mike Almy, David Hall, Katie Miller and Stacy Vasquez), all of whom, under the United States military's "Don't ask, don't tell" (DADT) policy, had been prohibited from serving openly because of their sexuality.[198] In addition, Gaga wore a meat dress to the ceremony which was supplemented by boots, a purse and a hat that were all fabricated from the flesh of a dead animal.[199] Partly awarded in recognition of the dress, Vogue.com UK named her one of the Best Dressed people of 2010 while Time magazine's named the dress the Fashion Statement of 2010, it received divided opinions – evoking the attention of worldwide media but invoking the fury of animal rights organization PETA.[200][201][202] She denied any intention of causing disrespect to any person or organization and wished for the dress to be interpreted as a statement of human rights with focus upon those in the LGBT community, adding that "If we don't stand up for what we believe in and if we don't fight for our rights, pretty soon we're going to have as much rights as the meat on our own bones."[203]
She later released three videos on YouTube urging her fans to contact their Senators in an effort to overturn the policy. In late September 2010 she spoke at the Servicemembers Legal Defense Network's "4the14K" Rally in Deering Oaks Park in Portland, Maine. The name of the rally signified the number – an estimated 14,000 – of service members discharged under the DADT policy at the time. During her remarks, she urged members of the U.S. Senate (and in particular, moderate Republican Senators from Maine, Olympia Snowe and Susan Collins) to vote in favor of legislation that would repeal the DADT policy. Following this event, editors of The Advocate commented that she had become "the real fierce advocate" for gays and lesbians, one that Barack Obama had promised to be.[204][205]
Gaga appeared at Europride, a pan-European international event dedicated to LGBT pride, held in Rome in June 2011. In a nearly twenty-minute speech, she criticized the intolerant state of gay rights in many European countries and described homosexuals as "revolutionaries of love" before performing acoustic renderings of "Born This Way" and "The Edge of Glory" in front of thousands at the Circus Maximus.[206][207] She stated that "Today and every day we fight for freedom. We fight for justice. We beckon for compassion, understanding and above all we want full equality now".[208] Gaga revealed that she is often questioned why she dedicates herself to "gayspeak" and "how gay" she is, to which, she told the audience: "Why is this question, why is this issue so important? My answer is: I am a child of diversity, I am one with my generation, I feel a moral obligation as a woman, or a man, to exercise my revolutionary potential and make the world a better place." She then joked: "On a gay scale from 1 to 10, I'm a Judy Garland fucking 42."[209]
Discography[link]
For the full list, see Lady Gaga discography.
- The Fame (2008)
- The Fame Monster (2009)
- Born This Way (2011)
Filmography[link]
- Lady Gaga Presents the Monster Ball Tour: At Madison Square Garden (2011)
- A Very Gaga Thanksgiving (2011)
- "Lisa Goes Gaga" (The Simpsons episode) (2012)
- Men in Black 3 (Plays the role of an alien.) (2012)[210]
Concert tours[link]
- The Fame Ball Tour (2009)
- Fame Kills: Starring Kanye West and Lady Gaga (2009–10) (cancelled)
- The Monster Ball Tour (2009–11)
- The Born This Way Ball Tour (2012–13)
See also[link]
 |
Book: Lady Gaga |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- List of awards and nominations received by Lady Gaga
- Honorific nicknames in popular music
- List of best-selling music artists
References[link]
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- ^ Kennedy, Gerrick (2011-11-14). "Lady Gaga dismisses longtime creative director Laurieann Gibson". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/music_blog/2011/11/lady-gaga-dismisses-longtime-creative-director-laurieann-gibson.html. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
- ^ Molanphy, Chris (2011-06-29). "Introducing the Queen of Pop". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/introducing-the-queen-of-pop-20110629. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- ^ Buckner, Michael (2009-12-28). "The Year in Style | Lady Gaga". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2009/12/24/style/YEARGAGA1227_index.html. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- Caramanica, Jon (2009-05-03). "An Artist Whose Chief Work Is Herself". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/arts/music/04gaga.html. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- Vineyard, Jennifer (2009-07-07). "Lady Gaga, You Are No Grace Jones". MTV. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/07/27/lady-gaga-you-are-no-grace-jones/. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- Lewis, Luke (2009-08-09). "Lady Gaga Vs. Roisin Murphy – Spot The Difference". Yahoo!. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/newmusicalexpress/2110/lady-gaga-vs-roisin-murphyspot-the-difference/. Retrieved 2010-06-18. [dead link]
- "Kylie Minogue thinks there's an element of her in Lady Gaga". Hollywood News. 2010-06-13. http://www.hollywoodnews.com/2010/06/15/kylie-minogue-thinks-theres-an-element-of-her-in-lady-gaga/. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ "Lady Gaga: The Fame". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/music/the-fame. Retrieved 2009-01-09.
- Browne, David (2010-01-09). "Is Lady GaGa a saviour of Pop?". Entertainment Weekly 1091 (2). ISSN 1049-0434.
- Andres, Joanna (2010-04-09). "Heather Cassils: Lady Gaga's Prison Yard Girlfriend". Out. http://out.com/detail.asp?id=26601. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- "Lady Gaga Fashion – Vote on 15 of Lady Gaga's Outfits". Elle. 2009-12-01. http://www.elle.com/Fashion/Fashion-Spotlight/Celebrity-Fashion-Lady-Gaga. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2010-10-30). "US College Offering Lady GaGa Degree". MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/lady-gaga/news/244144-us-college-offering-lady-gaga-degree. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
- Deflem, Mathieu. "SOCY 398D – Lady Gaga and the Sociology of the Fame". University of South Carolina. http://www.cas.sc.edu/socy/faculty/deflem/gaga.html. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
- Katharine Q. Seelye (October 28, 2010). "Beyond ABCs of Lady Gaga to the Sociology of Fame". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/29/us/29gaga.html.
- ^ Dwyer, Devin. "President Obama Calls Lady Gaga 'A Little Intimidating'". ABCNews. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2011/10/president-obama-calls-lady-gaga-a-little-intimidating/. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
- ^ "Lady GaGa Only Allowed To Tattoo Left Side Of Her Body". MTV. 2011-03-24. http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/lady-gaga/263359-lady-gaga-tattoos-father-google. Retrieved 2011-11-27.
- Odell, Amy (2009-08-11). "Lady Gaga shows off new German quote tattoo while on tour in Japan". Daily News (News Corporation). http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2009/08/11/2009-08-11_lady_gaga_shows_off_new_german_quote_tattoo_while_on_tour_in_japan.html. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
- Swerling, Hannah (2011). "Gaga". Elle.
- ^ Blasberg, Derek (April 13, 2011). "Lady Gaga: The Interview". Harper's Bazaar (New York: Hearst Communications) (3594): 156–162. ISSN 0017-7873. OCLC 719731102. http://www.harpersbazaar.com/magazine/feature-articles/lady-gaga-interview. Retrieved 2011-05-10.
- ^ Reporter, Daily Mail (2009-02-03). "So who copied who? Lookalikes Lady GaGa and Christina Aguilera". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1135704/So-copied-Lookalikes-Lady-GaGa-Christina-Aguilera-embroiled-style-row.html. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
- ^ Temple, Sonic (2008-12-31). "GaGa: I'm thankful for Christina". OK! (Northern & Shell). http://www.ok.co.uk/celebnews/view/6299/GaGa-I-m-thankful-for-Christina/. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
- ^ Walters, Barbara (2009-12-30). "Lady Gaga: 'I Love Androgyny'". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/video/playerIndex?id=9640579. Retrieved 2010-05-03.
- ^ Thrills, Adrian (2010-05-02). "Christina Aguilera Copies Lady GaGa". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1269136/Christina-Aguilera-copies-Lady-GaGa-dons-PVC-outfit-new-video.html. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
- ^ Tarradell, Mario (2009-12-14). "Dale Bozzio should be flattered...maybe". The Dallas Morning News. http://musicblog.dallasnews.com/archives/2009/12/dale-bozzio-should-be-flattere.html. Retrieved 2010-11-03.
- ^ Hattenstone, Simon (2011-05-14). "Lady Gaga: Lording it". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/may/14/lady-gaga-interview. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- ^ Odell, Amy (2010-02-03). "Lady Gaga dedicates her new 'Little Monsters' tattoo to her fans". Daily News (News Corporation). http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2010/02/03/2010-02-03_lady_gaga_dedicates_her_new_little_monsters_tattoo_to_her_fans.html. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
- ^ Caramanica, Jon (2009-05-03). "An Artist Whose Chief Work Is Herself". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/arts/music/04gaga.html. Retrieved 2010-06-17.
- ^ Paglia, Camille (2010-09-12). "Lady Gaga and the death of sex". The Sunday Times. http://www.shakenstir.co.uk/index.php/features/gaga-and-the-death-of-sex/features/20608/. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ Fynes-Clinton, Jane (2010-09-15). "Lady Gaga's grab for attention enough to make you gag". The Courier-Mail. http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/opinion/lady-gagas-grab-for-attention-enough-to-make-you-gag/story-e6freri6-1225923966643. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ Empire, Kitty (2010-02-21). "Lady Gaga at MEN arena, Manchester". The Guardian (london). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/feb/21/lady-gaga-men-arena-manchester. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2010-02-05). "Lady Gaga Explains Her Absence From 'We Are The World' Recording". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1631353/lady-gaga-explains-her-absence-from-we-world-recording.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (2010-01-27). "Lady Gaga Says She Raised $500,000 For Haiti Relief". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1630614/20100127/lady_gaga.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2011-03-21). "Lady Gaga Designs Japanese Tsunami Relief Wristband". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1659769/japanese-tsunami-bracelet-lady-gaga.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ Mangalindan, JP (2011-03-29). "Today in Tech: Lady Gaga gives to Zynga, Apple delaying iPhone 5?". CNN. http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/03/29/today-in-tech-lady-gaga-gives-to-zynga-apple-delaying-iphone-5/. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ "Lady Gaga sued over fundraising for Japan". Associated Press. MSNBC. June 29, 2011. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43582514/ns/us_news-giving/t/lady-gaga-sued-over-fundraising-japan/. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
- ^ Schwartz, Rob (2011-04-14). "Lady Gaga to Appear at MTV Japan Charity Event". Billboard (Prometheus Global Media). http://www.billboard.com/news/lady-gaga-to-appear-at-mtv-japan-charity-1005135862.story. Retrieved 2011-04-15.
- ^ Wilson, Benji (2010-04-10). "Lady Gaga gets lippy: The pop star teams with Mac to raise Aids awareness". Daily Mail. London. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/you/article-1264165/Lady-Gaga-gets-lippy-The-pop-star-teams-Mac-raise-Aids-awareness.html. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Chao, Ning (Undated). "Going Gaga". Marie Claire. http://www.marieclaire.com/celebrity-lifestyle/celebrities/interviews/lady-gaga-interview. Retrieved 2011-01-06.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2011-11-02). "Lady Gaga Launches Born This Way Foundation". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1673633/lady-gaga-born-this-way-foundation.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
- ^ Latina Staff (2011-05-10). "From Fernando to Alejandro: the Latinos Behind Lady Gaga" (in Spanish). Latina. http://www.latina.com/entertainment/music/fernando-alejandro-latinos-behind-lady-gaga. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
- ^ Zak, Dan (2009-10-12). "For Gay Activists, The Lady Is a Champ". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/11/AR2009101101892_2.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
- ^ Thomas, Matt (2009-07-09). "Going Gaga". Fab (Pink Triangle Press) 54 (9): 45.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2009-05-07). "Lady Gaga On Success: 'The Turning Point For Me Was The Gay Community'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1610781/20090506/lady_gaga.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ The Fame (Liner notes). Lady Gaga. Interscope Records. 2008. 2726601.
- ^ "NewNowNext Awards". 2008-05-03. http://www.logotv.com/video/franchise.jhtml?ctid=1956. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ "2008 Main Stage Line-Up". San Francisco Pride. 2008-06-13. http://www.sfpride.org/celeb/mainstage_08.html. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ "Lady GaGa's wacky headgear almost knocks out chat show host Ellen DeGeneres". Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). 2009-05-13. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1181210/Lady-GaGas-wacky-headgear-knocks-chat-host-Ellen-DeGeneres.html. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ Brand, Fowler (2009-10-12). "Kanye Who? Lady Gaga Teams Up With President Obama". E! Entertainment Television (E! Online). http://uk.eonline.com/uberblog/b148428_kanye_who_lady_gaga_teams_up_with.html. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2009-08-14). "Lady Gaga's Shocking 2009 VMA Fashion Choices". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1621407/20090914/lady_gaga.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
- ^ Carter, Nicole (2009-12-10). "Lady Gaga performs her version of 'Imagine' at the Human Rights Campaign dinner in Washington D.C". Daily News. News Corporation. http://www.nydailynews.com/gossip/2009/10/12/2009-10-12_lady_gaga_performs_her_version_of_imagine_at_the_human_rights_campaign_dinner_in.html. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Zezima, Katy (2010-09-20). "Lady Gaga Goes Political in Maine". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/us/politics/21gaga.html. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
- ^ Roberts, Laura (2010-09-14). "Lady Gaga's meat dress divides opinion". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/music-news/8001267/Lady-Gagas-meat-dress-divides-opinion.html. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ VOGUE.COM UK VOGUE.COM UK – The Best Dressed People of the Year 2010
- ^ Luscombe, Belinda (2010-12-09). "Lady Gaga – The Top 10 Everything of 2010 – TIME". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2035319_2034464,00.html. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
- ^ Winterman, Denise; Kelly, Jon (2010-09-14). "Five interpretations of Gaga's meat dress". BBC (BBC Online). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-11297832. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ Lee, Ann (2010-09-14). "Lady Gaga defends meat dress by claiming she's no 'piece of meat'". Metro. http://www.metro.co.uk/music/840850-lady-gaga-defends-meat-dress-by-claiming-shes-no-piece-of-meat. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
- ^ "Gaga: We've Found Our Fierce Advocate". The Advocate. 2010-09-28. http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2010/09/21/Lady_Gaga_Weve_Found_Our_Fierce_Advocate/. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
- ^ McGann, Laura (2008-12-08). "Obama: I'm a 'Fierce Advocate' for Gay and Lesbians". The Washington Independent. http://washingtonindependent.com/22526/obama-im-a-fierce-advocate-for-gay-and-lesbians. Retrieved 2010-09-28.
- ^ Blauvelt, Christian (2011-06-13). "Lady Gaga speaks out at massive Europride event in Rome: Can she meaningfully affect gay rights? – VIDEO". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/06/13/lady-gaga-rome-europride-gay-rights/. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ "Lady GaGa Performs At EuroPride In Rome". MTV. 2011-06-13. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/lady-gaga/news/276972-lady-gaga-europride-italy-gay-rights. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ "Lady Gaga champions gay rights at EuroPride". Metro. London. 2011-06-12. http://www.metro.co.uk/music/866055-lady-gaga-champions-gay-rights-at-europride. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Wockner, Rex (2011-06-16). "Australians accept marriage equality". The Bay Area Reporter. http://www.ebar.com/news/article.php?sec=news&article=5784. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ^ Review: Unnecessary ‘Men in Black 3’ just O‘K’ compared to predecessors - a-e - The Lantern - Ohio State University
Further reading[link]
- Herbert, Emily (2010). Lady Gaga: Queen of Pop. John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84454-963-4.
- Goodman, Elizabeth (2010). Lady Gaga: Critical Mass Fashion. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-66840-6.
- Morgan, Johnny (2010). Gaga. Sterling Publishing. ISBN 1-4027-8059-1.
- Parvis, Sarah (2010). Lady Gaga. Andrews McMeel Publishing. ISBN 0-7407-9795-6.
- Phoenix, Helia (2010). Lady Gaga: Just Dance—The Biography. Orion Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4091-1567-0.
- Monster Anthems (2011) by Robert Christgau
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lady Gaga |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Lady Gaga |
- Official website
- Lady Gaga at Allmusic
- Lady Gaga at AllRovi
- Lady Gaga discography at Discogs
- Lady Gaga on Facebook
- Lady Gaga at the Internet Movie Database
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Lady Gaga collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Works by or about Lady Gaga in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Slide show Vanity Fair
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Germanotta, Stefani Joanne Angelina |
| Alternative names | Lady Gaga |
| Short description | American pop singer |
| Date of birth | March 28, 1986 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
File:Amilcareponchielli.jpg
Amilcare Ponchielli
Amilcare Ponchielli (Italian pronunciation: [aˈmilkare ponˈkjɛlli], August 31, 1834 – January 16, 1886) was an Italian composer, mainly of operas.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Born in Paderno Fasolaro, now Paderno Ponchielli, near Cremona, Ponchielli won a scholarship at the age of nine to study music at the Milan Conservatory, writing his first symphony by the time he was ten years old.
Two years after leaving the conservatory he wrote his first opera -- it was based on Alessandro Manzoni's great novel The Betrothed (I promessi sposi) -- and it was as an opera composer that he eventually found fame.
His early career was disappointing. Maneuvered out of a professorship is very good at the Milan Conservatory that he had won in a competition, he took small-time jobs in small cities, and composed several operas, none successful at first. In spite of his disappointment, he gained much experience as the bandmaster (capobanda) in Piacenza and Cremona, arranging and composing over 200 works for wind band. Notable among his "original" compositions for band are the first-ever concerto for euphonium (Concerto per Flicornobasso, 1872), fifteen variations on the Neapolitan song "Carnevale di Venezia", and a series of festive and funeral marches that resound with the pride of the newly unified Italy and the private grief of his fellow Cremonese. The turning point was the big success of the revised version of I promessi sposi in 1872, which brought him a contract with the music publisher G. Ricordi & Co. and the musical establishment at the Conservatory and at La Scala. The ballet Le due gemelle (1873) confirmed his success.
The following opera, I Lituani (The Lithuanians) (1874), was also well received, being performed later at Saint Petersburg (as Aldona - November 20, 1884). His best known opera is La Gioconda, which his librettist Arrigo Boito adapted from the same play by Victor Hugo that had been previously set by Mercadante (Il giuramento, 1837) and Carlos Gomes (Fosca, 1873). It was first produced in 1876 and revised several times. The version that has become so popular today was first given in 1880.
In 1876 he started working on I mori di Valenza (the project dates back to 1873), an opera he never finished, although it was completed later by Arturo Cadore and performed posthumously in 1914.
After La Gioconda, Ponchielli wrote the monumental biblical melodrama in four acts Il figliuol prodigo (Milan, Teatro alla Scala, December 26, 1880) and Marion Delorme, from another play by Victor Hugo (Milan, Teatro alla Scala, March 17, 1885). In spite of their rich musical invention, neither of these operas met with the same success but both exerted great influence on the composers of the rising generation, like Giacomo Puccini, Pietro Mascagni and Umberto Giordano.
In 1881, Ponchielli was appointed maestro di cappella of the Bergamo Cathedral, and from the same year he was a professor of composition at the Milan Conservatory, where among his students were Puccini, Mascagni and Emilio Pizzi.
He died in Milan and was interred there in the Cimitero Monumentale.
Legacy[link]
Although in his lifetime Ponchielli was very popular and influential, in introducing an enlarged orchestra and more complex orchestration, the only one of his operas regularly performed today is La Gioconda. It contains the great tenor romanza "Cielo e mar", a superb duet for tenor and baritone "Enzo Grimaldo",[1] the soprano set-piece "Suicidio!" and the ballet music "The Dance of the Hours", known even to the non-musical from its use in Walt Disney's Fantasia (1940), Alan Sherman's novelty song, "Hello Muddah, Hello Fadduh", and other popular works.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Faulkner, Anne Shaw: What we hear in music, p.542, Kessinger Publishing (2005) ISBN 1-4191-6805-3
Bibliography[link]
- Kaufman: Annals of Italian Opera: Verdi and his Major Contemporaries; Garland Publishing, New York and London, 1990. (contains premiere casts and performance histories of Ponchielli's operas)
- Budden, Julien (1992), 'Ponchielli, Amilcare' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
- Various authors: Amilcare Ponchielli; Nuove Edizioni, Milan, 1985
- Various authors: Amilcare Ponchielli 1834-1886, Cremona, 1984
- Sirch-Howey: The Doctrine of a Critical Edition of the Band Music of Amilcare Ponchielli (http://philomusica.unipv.it/annate/2004-5/saggi/sirchhowey/index.html)
An Amilcare Ponchielli Bibliography-
Books, Collections, Proceedings and Correspondence
- "All'illustre Maestro Ponchielli." Cesare Bignami to Amilcare Ponchielli. November 20, 1875. Conservatorio Universitario de Musica, Montevideo, Uruguay.
- Adami, Giuseppe. Giulio ricordi e i suoi musicisti. Milano: Edizioni Fratelli Treves, 1933.
- Albarosa, Nino, comp. Amilcare Ponchielli, 1834-1886: Saggi e ricerche nel 150 anniversario della nascita. Casalmorano: cassa rurale ed artigiana di Casalmorano, 1987.
- Amilcare Ponchielli to Egregio Avvocato. January 3, 1877. Music Library, General Manuscript Collection, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.
- Cesari, Gaetano. Amilcare Ponchielli nell'arte del suo tempo (ricordi e carteggi). Cremona, 1934.
- Damerini, Adelmo. Amilcare Ponchielli. Torino: Arione, 1940.
- DeNapoli, G. Amilcare Ponchielli (1834-1886): La vita, le opere, l'epistolario, le onoranze. Cremona, 1936.
- Ferraris, Castelli Maria, and Giampiero Tintori. Amilcare Ponchielli. Cremona: Centro Culturale, 1984.
- Gordon, John. "'Circe,' La Gioconda, and the Opera House of the Mind." In Bronze by Gold, 277-93.
- Habla, Bernhard, ed. Kongressberichte Oberschützen/Burgenland 1988; Toblach/ Südtirol 1990. Proceedings. Tutzing: Hans Schneider Tutzing, 1992.
- Hanslick, Eduard. "Gioconda." In Die Moderne Oper. Vol. iv. Musikalisches Skizzenbuch. Berlin: Hofmann, 1888.
- Ligasacchi, Giovanni. "Amilcare Ponchielli e la musica per banda." Proceedings of Il Repertorio Sommerso: Musica storica per la banda d'oggi. Palermo: Regione Siciliana, Assessorato dei beni culturali e ambientale e della pubblica istruzione, 2000.
- Mandelli, Alfonso. Inaugurazione del monumento ad Amilcare Ponchielli avvenuta in Cremona il 18 Settembre 1892. Cremona, 1892.
- Mandelli, Alfonso. Le distrazioni di A. Ponchielli. Cremona, 1897.
- Ponchielli, Amilcare, Francesco Cesari, Stefania Franceschini, and Raffaella Barbierato. Tuo affezionatissimo Amilcare Ponchielli: lettere 1856-1885. Padova: Il Poligrafo, 2010.
- Ponchielli, Amilcare. Pezzi per organo. Edited by Marco Ruggeri. Cremona: Turris Cremona, 1999.
- Rolandi, U. Nel centenario Ponchielliano: Amilcare Ponchielli librettista. Como, 1935.
- Shaw, George. Shaw's Music. Edited by D. H. Laurence. London, 1981.
- Sirch, Licia. Ponchielli e la musica per banda: atti della tavola rotonda, ridotto del teatro Ponchielli, 27 Aprile 2001. Proceedings. Pisa: ETS, 2005.
- Stock, Gilbert. "Das Kennfigur-System als Neuer Zugang zu Richard Wagners 'Leitmotiv'-Technik." In Der 'Komponist' Richard Wagner im Blick der Aktuellen Musikwissenschaft, 81-94. Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Hartel, 2003.
- Tedeschi, Rubens. Addio, fiorito asil. Il melodramma Italiano da Boito al Verismo. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1978.
- Tomasi, G. Lanza. Guida all'opera. Milan, 1971.
- Wolf, Hugo. "Gioconda." In Hugo Wolfs Musikalische Kritiken, edited by Richard Batka and Heinrich Werner. Vaduz: Sandig, 2004.
- Zondergeld, Rein A. "Der Traum von Perfektion: Arrigo Boito, Librettist und Komponist." In Oper und Operntext, by Matthias Henneberger. Vol. 60. Heidelberg: Winter, 1985.
Periodicals
- "Con Verdi y Bellini." Scherzo - revista de musica 15 (2000): 126-27.
- "Metropolitan Opera: La Gioconda." Opera News, February 3, 1990, 22.
- "Obituary: Amilcare Ponchielli." The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 27, no. 457 (February 1, 1886): 94.
- "Ponchielli's Opera "I promessi sposi"" The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 21, no. 454 (December 1, 1880): 598-99.
- "Ponchielli's Opera "La Gioconda"" The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 21, no. 450 (August 1, 1880): 395-96.
- "Ponchielli's Opera "The Prodigal Son"" The Musical Times and Singing Class Circular 22, no. 457 (March 1, 1881): 123-24.
- "The Revival of Amilcare Ponchielli's "Concerto Per Ficorno Basso"--Opus 155, Cremona, 1872." ITEA Journal, 1996, 42-49.
- Albright, William. "La Gioconda. Amilcare Ponchielli." The Opera Quarterly 7, no. 4 (1990): 167-72.
- Angeloni, Beppe, and Giampiero Tintori. Amilcare Ponchielli. Milano: Nuove edizioni, 1985.
- Arcais, Francesco. "Un maestro di musica Italiano: Amilcare Ponchielli." Nuova antalogia, 3rd ser., 1 (February 1, 1886): 459-74.
- Arias, Enrique Alberto. "Ponchielli's "I Lituani" - Its Historical, Stylistic, and Literary Sources." Lituanus 37, no. 2 (June 1991): 89-96.
- Arrighi, Gino. "La dinastia musicale dei Puccini: proposte e quesiti." Quaderni pucciniani 5 (1982).
- Ashbrook, William. "La Gioconda: Amilcare Ponchielli." The Opera Quarterly 18, no. 1 (2002): 128.
- Bassi, Adriano. "Messa Solenne di Amilcare Ponchielli: analisi." Rivista internazionale di musica sacra 6, no. 4 (1985): 408.
- Bissoli, Francesco, and Amilcare Ponchielli. La lina di Ponchielli nel solco di un genere medio. Lucca: Libreria musicale Italiana, 2010.
- Caldini, Sandro. "Amilcare Ponchielli's "Capriccio"" The Double Reed 24, no. 1 (2001): 43.
- Campagnolo, Stefano. Problemi e metodi della filologia musicale: tre tavole rotonde. Lucca: Musica/Realta-LIM, 2000.
- Canning, Hugh. "Opera around the World: Italy - Palermo: "La Gioconda"" Opera, 2011, 814.
- Cognazzo, Roberto. "Distrazione fatale: la strana sorte di Amilcare Ponchielli." Arte organaria e organistica: periodico trimestrale 15, no. 67 (2008): 42.
- Damerini, Adelmo. "Una lettera inedita di A. Ponchielli." Musica d'oggi xvii (1935): 141-42.
- Descotes, Maurice. "Du Drame à l'Opéra: Les Transpositions Lyriques du Théâtre De Victor Hugo." Revue d'Histoire du Theatre 34, no. 2 (1982): 103.
- Farina, S. "Amilcare Ponchielli." Gazzetta musicale di Milano, 1900.
- Favia-Artsay, Aida. "Did Mascagni Write Cavalleria?" The Opera Quarterly 7, no. 2 (1990): 83.
- Fernandez-Martin, Luis Maria. "La Gioconda: Amilcare Ponchielli." Melomano: La revista de musica clasica 10, no. 102 (2005): 28.
- Forlani, Maria Giovanna. "Ricordo di Amilcare Ponchielli: Roderico, l'ultimo re dei goti, un'opera perduta di Ponchielli, rappresentata in prima assoluta a piacenza nel Carnevale 1863/64." Strenna piacentina 111 (1986).
- Franceschini, Stefania. "Tanti librettisti per un'opera di Ponchielli a lungo rimaneggiata (1856-1874)." Nuova rivista musicale Italiana 30, no. 3-4 (1996): 364.
- Gavazzeni, Gianandrea. "Considerazioni su di un centenario: A. Ponchielli." In trent'anni di musica, 57-62. Milan, 1958.
- Gossett, Philip. "Source Studies and Opera History." Cambridge Opera Journal 21, no. 2 (2009): 111-18.
- Howey, Henry. "Italian Bandmaster Ponchielli Left a Legacy of Over 300 Works." The Instrumentalist, 2003, 30-34.
- Innaurato, Albert. "A Primal Force." Opera News, February 3, 1990, 16.
- Klein, J. W. "Ponchielli: a Forlorn Figure." The Chesterian xxxiv (1959-60): 116-22.
- Knabel, Reiner. "Opera Around the World: Germany - Karlsruhe: ["La Gioconda"]." Opera, 2011, 936.
- Levine, Robert. ". Amilcare Ponchielli." The Opera Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1988): 140-41.
- Mila, M. "Caratteri della musica di Ponchielli." Pan ii (1934): 481-89.
- Mogridge, Geoffrey. "Opera Around the World: Croatia - Split." Opera, 2011, 1206.
- Morini, M. "Destino postumo dei mori di Valenza." La Scala, no. 91 (1957): 37-42.
- Osborne, Conrad L. "Depth Perception." Opera News, 2009, 22-25.
- Polignano, Antonio. "Costanti stilistiche ed elementi di drammaturgia musicale nelle due versioni del finale d'atto della Gioconda di Ponchielli (1876-1879)." Rivista Italiana di musicologia 27, no. 1-2 (1992): 327.
- Polignano, Antonio. "La storia della Gioconda attraverso il carteggio Ponichielli- ricordi." Nuova rivista musicale Italiana 21, no. 2 (1987): 228.
- Ponchielli, Amilcare. ""Dance of the Hours" from "La Gioconda" (1880)." International Piano, 2010, 39.
- Roman, Zoltan. "Italian Opera Premieres and Revivals in the Hungarian Press, 1864-1894." Periodica musica 6 (1988): 16-20.
- Sartori, C. "Il primo rimaneggiamento dei "Promessi sposi"" Rassegna dorica, March 20, 1938.
- Sirch, Licia. "Manoscritti di musica per banda di Amilcare Ponchielli." Muova rivista musicale Italiana 22, no. 2 (1988): 211-14.
- Sirch, Licia. "Ponchielli e il Sindaco Babbeo: l'esordio teatrale di un musicista a Milano nel 1851." Studi musicali 36, no. 1 (2007): 191-229.
- Tebaldini, G. "Amilcare Ponchielli." Musica d'oggi xvi (1934): 239-52.
- Tebaldini, G. "Il mio maestro." La Scala, no. 29 (1952): 32-36.
Dissertations
- Andreani, Elisabetta. Heinrich Heine e l'Italia: traduzioni e intonazioni nella seconda metà dell'Ottocento. Thesis, Universita degli studi di Milano. Milano, 2008.
- Bultema, Darci Ann. “The Songs of Amilcare Ponchielli.” Diss., North Dakota State University. UMI, 2009.
- Edwards, Geoffrey Carleton. “Grand Et Vrai: Portrayals of Victor Hugo's Dramatic Characters in 19th-century Italian Opera.” Diss., Northwestern University, 1991.
- Franceschini, Stefania. “Amilcare Ponchielli prima della Gioconda: gli anni della formazione.” Diss., Universita degli studi di Venezia. Venice, 1993.
- Franini, Piera Anna. “Trent'anni di vita musicale al teatro grande (1871-1901).” Diss., Cattolica del sacro cuore. Milano, 1992.
- Nicolaisen, Jay Reed. “Italian Opera in Transition 1871-1893.” Diss., University of California, Berkeley. 1977.
- Paglialonga, Phillip Orr. “Summary of Dissertation Performances: One Concerto Performance, One Chamber Music Performance and Two Clarinet Recitals (Performance).” Diss., University of Michigan. 2008.
- Redshaw, Jacqueline Gail Eastwood. “Chamber Music for the E-Flat Clarinet.” Diss., The University of Arizona. 2007.
- Schwartz, Arman Raphael. “Modernity Sings: Rethinking Realism in Italian Opera.” Diss., University of California, Berkeley. 2009.
- Tanner, Brian David. “Summary of Dissertation Performances: One Opera Project and Two Voice Recitals.” Diss., University of Michigan. 2010.
- Vetere, Mary-Lou Patricia. “Italian Opera from Verdi to Verismo: Boito and La Scapigliatura.” Diss., State University of New York at Buffalo. 2010.
External links[link]
- Stanford list of Ponchielli operas
- Opera Italiana: Amilcare Ponchielli (in English)
- Free scores by Amilcare Ponchielli at the International Music Score Library Project
- La Gioconda at Project Gutenberg (a recording)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ponchielli, Amilcare |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | August 31, 1834 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | January 16, 1886 |
| Place of death | |
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