- published: 03 May 2006
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- author: khymnistry
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- 1973 oil crisis
- A.T. Kearney
- Abilene, Texas
- Abu Dhabi
- Acres Homes, Houston
- Addicks, Houston
- Afton Oaks, Houston
- Airline hub
- Airline, Texas
- Alabama language
- Alan McGraw
- Albany, Texas
- Aldine, Texas
- Alice, Texas
- Alief, Houston
- Allen's Landing
- Almeda, Houston
- Alpine, Texas
- Alvin, Texas
- Amarillo, Texas
- American Civil War
- Amtrak
- Anahuac, Texas
- Anderson, Texas
- Andrews, Texas
- Angleton, Texas
- Angola
- Annise Parker
- Anson, Texas
- Apache Corporation
- Archer City, Texas
- Arcola, Texas
- Area code 281
- Area code 713
- Area code 832
- Ark-La-Tex
- Arlington, Texas
- Art groups
- Aseismic creep
- Aspermont, Texas
- Astrodome
- Atascocita, Texas
- Athens, Texas
- Atlanta
- Austin County, Texas
- Austin, Texas
- Australia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Baird, Texas
- Baker Hughes
- Baku
- Ballinger, Texas
- Baltimore
- Bammel, Texas
- Bandera, Texas
- Barker, Texas
- Barrett, Texas
- Bastrop, Texas
- Battle of Galveston
- Bay City, Texas
- Bayou City
- Bayou Place
- Baytown, Texas
- BBVA Compass Stadium
- Beasley, Texas
- Beaumont, Texas
- Becky Ames
- Beeville, Texas
- Beijing
- Bellaire, Texas
- Bellville, Texas
- Belton, Texas
- Benjamin, Texas
- Beth Van Duyne
- Betsy Price
- Big Bend (Texas)
- Big Lake, Texas
- Big Spring, Texas
- Bill Hobby
- Bill Keffler
- Bill Whitfield
- Billiards
- Black people
- Blue Ridge, Houston
- Boerne, Texas
- Bonham, Texas
- Booth, Texas
- Boston
- Boston, Texas
- Brackettville, Texas
- Brady, Texas
- Braeburn, Houston
- Brays Oaks, Houston
- Brazos Valley
- Breckenridge, Texas
- Brenham, Texas
- Brentwood, Houston
- Brownfield, Texas
- Brownsville, Texas
- Brownwood, Texas
- Bryan, Texas
- Buffalo Bayou
- Burnet, Texas
- Caldwell, Texas
- Calpine
- Cameron, Texas
- Canadian, Texas
- Canton, Texas
- Canyon, Texas
- Carrollton, Texas
- Carthage, Texas
- Cedar Bayou, Texas
- Center, Texas
- CenterPoint Energy
- Centerville, Texas
- Central Texas
- Channelview, Texas
- Channing, Texas
- Charles England
- Chiba City
- Chicago
- Childress, Texas
- China
- Chinatown, Houston
- Chinese American
- Cimarron, Texas
- Cinco Ranch, Texas
- City
- City (Texas)
- City council
- City Park, Houston
- Clarendon, Texas
- Clarksville, Texas
- Class A office space
- Claude, Texas
- Cleburne, Texas
- Cleveland
- Climate of Houston
- Climate of Texas
- Clodine, Texas
- Cloverland, Houston
- Cloverleaf, Texas
- Clute, Texas
- Clymer Wright
- Coady, Texas
- Coldspring, Texas
- Coleman, Texas
- Colorado City, Texas
- Colt Stadium
- Columbus, Ohio
- Columbus, Texas
- Comanche, Texas
- Compaq Center
- Comptroller
- ConocoPhillips
- Conroe, Texas
- Constellation Field
- Continental Airlines
- Cooper, Texas
- Copperfield, Texas
- Corsicana, Texas
- Cotulla, Texas
- County seat
- Covenant (law)
- Crabb, Texas
- Crane, Texas
- Crestwood, Houston
- Crime in Texas
- Crockett, Texas
- Crosby, Texas
- Crosbyton, Texas
- Cross Timbers
- Crowell, Texas
- Crystal City, Texas
- Cuero, Texas
- Culture of Houston
- Culture of Texas
- Cumings, Texas
- Cut and Shoot, Texas
- Cypress, Texas
- César Pelli
- Daingerfield, Texas
- Dalhart, Texas
- Dallas
- Dallas County, Texas
- Daylight saving time
- Dean Ueckert
- Debra McCartt
- Decatur, Texas
- Deer Park, Texas
- Del Rio, Texas
- Demonym
- Denison, Texas
- Denton, Texas
- Denver
- Detroit
- Devolution
- Dickens, Texas
- Dickinson, Texas
- Dimmitt, Texas
- Discovery Green
- Dobbin, Texas
- Downtown Houston
- Dumas, Texas
- Dyersdale, Texas
- EaDo
- Eagle Pass, Texas
- East Aldine, Texas
- East End, Houston
- East Texas
- Eastland, Texas
- Eastwood, Houston
- Economy of Houston
- Economy of Texas
- Ecuador
- Edge city
- Edinburg, Texas
- Education in Houston
- Education in Texas
- Edwards Plateau
- El Lago, Texas
- El Paso Energy
- El Paso, Texas
- Eldorado, Texas
- Emergency management
- Emory, Texas
- Enron
- EOG Resources
- Fairchilds, Texas
- Fairfield, Texas
- Falfurrias, Texas
- Fall Creek, Texas
- Farwell, Texas
- Fault (geology)
- Fifth Street, Texas
- Fifth Ward, Houston
- Filipino American
- First Ward, Houston
- Fiscal year
- Flag of Houston
- Floresville, Texas
- Floydada, Texas
- Folk art
- Fort Bend Parkway
- Fort Davis, Texas
- Fort Hood
- Fort Stockton, Texas
- Fort Worth, Texas
- Fortune (magazine)
- Fortune 500
- Forum Park, Houston
- Four Corners, Texas
- Fourth Ward, Houston
- France
- Franklin, Texas
- Freeport, Texas
- Fresno, California
- Fresno, Texas
- Friendswood, Texas
- Frontier Oil
- Fulshear, Texas
- Gail, Texas
- Gainesville, Texas
- Galena Park, Texas
- Galveston Bay
- Galveston, Texas
- Garden City, Texas
- Garden Oaks, Houston
- Garland, Texas
- Gatesville, Texas
- Gay pride parade
- Genoa, Houston
- Geography of Houston
- Geography of Texas
- George West, Texas
- Georgetown, Texas
- Gerald D. Hines
- Germany
- Ghost town
- Giddings, Texas
- Gilmer, Texas
- Glen Rose, Texas
- Global city
- Goldthwaite, Texas
- Goliad, Texas
- Gonzales, Texas
- Government of Texas
- Graham, Texas
- Grampian Region
- Granbury, Texas
- Grand Prairie, Texas
- Grangerland, Texas
- Greater Houston
- Greenspoint, Houston
- Greenville, Texas
- Greenway Plaza
- Groesbeck, Texas
- Group 1 Automotive
- Groveton, Texas
- Guayaquil
- Gulf of Mexico
- Gulfton, Houston
- Guthrie, Texas
- Guy, Texas
- Halite
- Hallettsville, Texas
- Halliburton
- Hamilton, Texas
- Handbook of Texas
- Hardy Toll Road
- Harlingen, Texas
- Harris County, Texas
- Harrisburg, Houston
- Haskell, Texas
- Hebbronville, Texas
- Hemphill, Texas
- Hempstead, Texas
- Henderson, Texas
- Henrietta, Texas
- Hereford, Texas
- Hermann Park
- Highlands, Texas
- Hillsboro, Texas
- History of Houston
- History of Texas
- Hockley, Texas
- Hofheinz Pavilion
- Hondo, Texas
- Houmont Park, Texas
- Houston
- Houston Aeros
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- Houston Ballet
- Houston Chronicle
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- Houston Comets
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- Houston Dynamo
- Houston Grand Opera
- Houston Heights
- Houston hip hop
- Houston Mass Murders
- Houston Oilers
- Houston Post
- Houston Press
- Houston Rockets
- Houston Ship Channel
- Houston Symphony
- Houston Texans
- Houston TranStar
- Houston Zoo
- Houston, Texas
- Huelva
- Huffman, Texas
- Hufsmith, Texas
- Humble, Texas
- Huntsville, Texas
- Hurricane Katrina
- Hurricane Rita
- I. M. Pei
- Idylwood, Houston
- Illegal immigration
- Ima Hogg
- Imperial Oaks, Texas
- Indian American
- Indianapolis
- International trade
- Interstate 45
- Irving, Texas
- Istanbul
- Jacinto City, Texas
- Jacksboro, Texas
- James Sanders Holman
- Japan
- Japanese American
- Jasper, Texas
- Jayton, Texas
- Jefferson, Texas
- Joe Adame
- John B. Magruder
- John Burgee
- John Cook (El Paso)
- John Kirby Allen
- John Monaco
- Johnny Isbell
- Johnson City, Texas
- Johnson Space Center
- Jones Hall
- Jourdanton, Texas
- Julian Castro
- Juliff, Texas
- Junction, Texas
- Karachi
- Karnes City, Texas
- Katy, Texas
- Kaufman, Texas
- KBR (company)
- Kemah Boardwalk
- Kendleton, Texas
- Kermit, Texas
- Kerrville, Texas
- KHOU-TV
- Killeen, Texas
- Kinder Morgan
- Kingsville, Texas
- Kingwood, Houston
- Kinwood, Texas
- Klein, Texas
- Kleinbrook, Texas
- Kohrville, Texas
- Korean American
- Kountze, Texas
- KPRC-TV
- KRIV-TV
- KTRK-TV
- KUHA
- KUHF
- KUHT
- La Grange, Texas
- La Marque, Texas
- La Porte, Texas
- Lake Conroe
- Lake Houston
- Lake Jackson, Texas
- Lake Livingston
- Lamesa, Texas
- Lampasas, Texas
- Languages of Texas
- Lanham Lyne
- Larchmont, Houston
- Laredo, Texas
- Las Vegas, Nevada
- League City, Texas
- Leakey, Texas
- Lee Leffingwell
- Lee P. Brown
- Leipzig
- Levelland, Texas
- Lewisville, Texas
- Liberty, Texas
- Life Flight
- Linden, Texas
- Link Valley, Houston
- Lipscomb, Texas
- Littlefield, Texas
- Livingston, Texas
- Llano Estacado
- Llano, Texas
- Lockhart, Texas
- Long Point, Texas
- Longview, Texas
- Los Angeles
- Louetta, Texas
- Louisville, Kentucky
- Luanda
- Lubbock, Texas
- Lufkin, Texas
- Lynchburg, Texas
- Madisonville, Texas
- Magnolia, Texas
- Major League Soccer
- Maplewood, Houston
- Marathon Oil
- Marfa, Texas
- Mark Burroughs
- Marlin, Texas
- Marshall, Texas
- Mason, Texas
- Matador, Texas
- Mayor
- McAllen, Texas
- McKinney, Texas
- McNair, Texas
- Meadows Place, Texas
- Memorial City
- Memphis, Tennessee
- Memphis, Texas
- Menard, Texas
- Menil Collection
- Menninger Clinic
- Mentone, Texas
- Meridian, Texas
- Mertzon, Texas
- Mesa, Arizona
- Mesquite, Texas
- Metropolitan area
- METRORail
- Mexico
- Meyerland, Houston
- Miami
- Miami, Texas
- Midland, Texas
- Midtown, Houston
- Mike Rawlings
- Milwaukee
- Minneapolis
- Minute Maid Park
- Mission Bend, Texas
- Mission, Texas
- Missouri City, Texas
- MLS
- Monahans, Texas
- Montague, Texas
- Montgomery, Texas
- Montrose, Houston
- Moon rocks
- Morgan Quitno
- Morton, Texas
- Mount Vernon, Texas
- Muleshoe, Texas
- Multiracial American
- Nacogdoches, Texas
- NASA
- Nashville, Tennessee
- Nassau Bay, Texas
- Neartown Houston
- Needville, Texas
- New Braunfels, Texas
- New Caney, Texas
- New Territory, Texas
- New York City
- Newton, Texas
- Nice
- Nicknames of Houston
- Non-Hispanic whites
- Nonpartisan
- Norm Archibald
- North Houston, Texas
- North Shore, Houston
- North Texas
- Northcliffe, Texas
- Northeast Texas
- Northside, Houston
- Norway
- NPR
- Oak Forest, Houston
- Oakland, California
- Odessa, Texas
- Oil field
- Oklahoma City
- Omaha, Nebraska
- Orange, Texas
- Orchard, Texas
- Osage Plains
- Ozona, Texas
- Ozone
- Pacific Islander
- Paducah, Texas
- Paint Rock, Texas
- Pakistan
- Pakistani American
- Palestine, Texas
- Palo Pinto, Texas
- Pampa, Texas
- Panhandle, Texas
- Paris, Texas
- Pasadena, Texas
- Pearland, Texas
- Pearsall, Texas
- Pecan Grove, Texas
- Pecan Park, Houston
- Pecos, Texas
- Pennzoil Place
- Perryton, Texas
- Phil Dyer
- Philadelphia
- Philip Johnson
- Phoenix, Arizona
- Piney Woods
- Pittsburg, Texas
- Pittsville, Texas
- Plains, Texas
- Plainview, Texas
- Plano, Texas
- Pleak, Texas
- Poland
- Politics of Houston
- Politics of Texas
- Pope John Paul II
- Popemobile
- Port Arthur, Texas
- Port Bolivar, Texas
- Port Lavaca, Texas
- Port of Houston
- Portal Houston
- Portal Texas
- Porter, Texas
- Portland, Oregon
- Post, Texas
- Poverty threshold
- Powell Point, Texas
- Prairie
- Quanah, Texas
- Quitman, Texas
- Rankin, Texas
- Raul G. Salinas
- Raymondville, Texas
- Refugio, Texas
- Relative humidity
- Reliant Arena
- Reliant Astrodome
- Reliant Stadium
- Republic of China
- Republic of Texas
- Rice Owls
- Rice Stadium
- Rice University
- Richard F. Cortez
- Richardson, Texas
- Richmond Strip
- Richmond, Texas
- Rio Grande Valley
- River Oaks, Houston
- Robert Cluck
- Robert Lee, Texas
- Robertson Stadium
- Robindell, Houston
- Roby, Texas
- Rockport, Texas
- Rocksprings, Texas
- Rockwall, Texas
- Rocky Mountains
- Roman Forest, Texas
- Ron Branson
- Ronald C. Green
- Ronald E. Jones
- Rosenberg, Texas
- Rothko Chapel
- Round Rock, Texas
- Rusk, Texas
- Russia
- Rust Belt
- Salt dome
- Sam Houston
- Sam Houston Park
- San Angelo, Texas
- San Antonio
- San Augustine, Texas
- San Diego
- San Diego, Texas
- San Francisco
- San Jacinto College
- San Jose, California
- San Marcos, Texas
- San Saba, Texas
- Sanderson, Texas
- Sarita, Texas
- Satsuma, Texas
- Saudi Arabia
- Scotland
- Seabrook, Texas
- Seal of Houston
- Seattle
- Second Ward, Houston
- Sediment
- Seguin, Texas
- Seminole, Texas
- Settegast, Houston
- Seymour, Texas
- Sharpstown, Houston
- Sheldon, Texas
- Shell Houston Open
- Shenandoah, Houston
- Shenandoah, Texas
- Shenzhen
- Sherman, Texas
- Shoreacres, Texas
- Sierra Blanca, Texas
- Silverton, Texas
- Simonton, Texas
- Sinton, Texas
- Sixth Ward, Houston
- Skatepark
- Snyder, Texas
- Sonora, Texas
- South Houston, Texas
- South Park, Houston
- South Plains
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- Southcrest, Houston
- Southeast Texas
- Space Center Houston
- Spain
- Spearman, Texas
- Spectra Energy
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- Splendora, Texas
- Sports in Houston
- Sports in Texas
- Spring, Texas
- Stablewood, Houston
- Stafford, Texas
- Stagecoach, Texas
- Stanton, Texas
- Stavanger
- Stephenville, Texas
- Sterling City, Texas
- Stinnett, Texas
- Stratford, Texas
- Subsidence
- Sugar Land Skeeters
- Sugar Land, Texas
- Sun Belt
- Sundance Cinema
- Sunnyside, Houston
- Sunset Limited
- Supercell
- Sweetwater, Texas
- Sysco
- Tahoka, Texas
- Taipei
- Taiwan
- Tamaulipas
- Tamina, Texas
- Tampico
- Targa Resources
- Tavener, Texas
- Template talk Texas
- Template Texas
- Temple, Texas
- Tennessee Titans
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- Texas
- Texas A&M; University
- Texas Bowl
- Texas City, Texas
- Texas Coastal Bend
- Texas cuisine
- Texas Hill Country
- Texas literature
- Texas Medical Center
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- The Alley Theatre
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- The Woodlands, Texas
- Theme park
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Third Ward, Houston
- Thompsons, Texas
- Throckmorton, Texas
- Tilden, Texas
- Time zone
- Timothy L. Hancock
- Tomball, Texas
- Tornado Alley
- Tower block
- Town
- Toyota Center
- Traces, Texas
- Tranquility Park
- Trans-Pecos
- Tucson, Arizona
- Tulia, Texas
- Tulsa, Oklahoma
- Turkey
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- Tyumen
- Unincorporated area
- United Airlines
- United Arab Emirates
- United States
- University of Texas
- University of Utah
- Upper Kirby
- Uptown Houston
- Urban area
- Urban sprawl
- UTC-5
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- Uvalde, Texas
- Van Horn, Texas
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- Vernon, Texas
- Victoria, Texas
- Vietnamese American
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- Virginia DuPuy
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- Waller County, Texas
- Waller, Texas
- Walnut Bend, Houston
- Ward (politics)
- Washington, D.C.
- Water park
- Waxahachie, Texas
- Weatherford, Texas
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- Wellington, Texas
- Wes Perry
- West End (Houston)
- West Texas
- Westbury, Houston
- Westchase, Houston
- Western Australia
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- Weston Lakes, Texas
- Wharton, Texas
- Wheeler, Texas
- White Americans
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- Wichita, Kansas
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Wikitravel
- Williams Tower
- Willis, Texas
- Willowbend, Houston
- Woodbranch, Texas
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- Woodrow Wilson
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- World War I
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- Zoning
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Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi (Arabic: أبو ظبي Abu Dhabi, Father of Deer) is the capital and the second largest city of the United Arab Emirates in terms of population and the largest of the seven member emirates of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western coast. The city proper had an estimated population of 896,800 in 2009.
Abu Dhabi houses important offices of the federal government, and is the seat for the United Arab Emirates Government and the home for the Abu Dhabi Emiri Family and the President of the UAE from this family. Abu Dhabi has grown to be a cosmopolitan metropolis. Its rapid development and urbanisation, coupled with the relatively high average income of its population, has transformed Abu Dhabi to a larger and advanced metropolis. Today the city is the country's center of political, industrial activities, and a major cultural, and commercial centre due to its position as the capital. Abu Dhabi alone generated 56.7% of the GDP of the United Arab Emirates in 2008.
wn.com/Abu_Dhabi -
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (Portuguese: República de Angola, pronounced: [ʁɨˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈɡɔla];Kikongo, Kimbundu, Umbundu: Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in southern Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
The Portuguese were present in some—mostly coastal—points of the territory of what is now Angola, from the 16th to the 19th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples that lived there. In the 19th century they slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in the interior. Angola as a Portuguese colony encompassing the present territory was not established before the end of the 19th century, and "effective occupation", as required by the Berlin Conference (1884) was achieved only by the 1920s. Independence was achieved in 1975, after a protracted liberation war. After independence, Angola was the scene of an intense civil war from 1975 to 2002. The country has vast mineral and petroleum reserves, and its economy has on average grown at a two-digit pace since the 1990s, especially since the end of the civil war. In spite of this, standards of living remain low for the majority of the population, and life expectancy and infant mortality rates in Angola are among the worst-ranked in the world. At the same time, a minority has reached comfortable life standards, and the dominant stratum has succeeded in accumulating considerable wealth, so that social inequality in Angola is one of the highest in the world.
wn.com/Angola -
Atlanta
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
wn.com/Atlanta -
Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
wn.com/Australia -
Austria
Austria (
i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] (
listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
wn.com/Austria -
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (
i/ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn/ AZ-ər-by-JAHN; Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası) is the largest country in the Caucasus region located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having a short borderline with Turkey to the northwest.
Azerbaijan has an ancient and historic cultural heritage. Aside from having been the first Muslim-majority country to have operas, theater and plays, Azerbaijan today is among the Muslim-majority countries where support for secularism and tolerance is the highest. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the first democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world, was established in 1918, but was incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1920. Azerbaijan regained independence in 1991. Shortly thereafter, during the Nagorno-Karabakh War, neighboring Armenia occupied Nagorno-Karabakh, its surrounding territories and the enclaves of Karki, Yukhary Askipara, Barkhudarly and Sofulu. The Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, which emerged in Nagorno-Karabakh, continues to be not diplomatically recognized by any nation and the region is still considered a de jure part of Azerbaijan, despite being de facto independent since the end of the war. Azerbaijan has come under repeated international criticism for its record on human rights.
wn.com/Azerbaijan -
Baku
Baku (Azerbaijani: Bakı, IPA: [bɑˈcɯ]), sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal parts: the downtown and the old Inner City (21.5 ha). Baku's urban population at the beginning of 2009 was estimated at just over two million people. Officially, about 25 percent of all inhabitants of the country live in the metropolitan city area of Baku.
Baku is divided into eleven administrative districts (raions) and 48 townships. Among these are the townships on islands in the Baku Bay and the town of Oil Rocks built on stilts in the Caspian Sea, 60 km (37 mi) away from Baku. The Inner City of Baku along with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower were inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000. According to the Lonely Planet's ranking, Baku is also among the world's top ten destinations for urban nightlife.
wn.com/Baku -
Baltimore
Baltimore ( /ˈbɒltɨmɔr/, colloquially /ˈbɔl.mɔr/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is located in the central area of the state along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. The independent city is often referred to as Baltimore City to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County.
Founded in 1729, Baltimore is the largest seaport in the Mid-Atlantic United States and is situated closer to Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy.
At 620,961 residents in 2010, Baltimore's population has decreased by one-third since its peak in 1950. The Baltimore Metropolitan Area has grown steadily to approximately 2.7 million residents in 2010; the 20th largest in the country. Baltimore is also a principal city in the larger Baltimore–Washington combined statistical area of approximately 8.4 million residents.
wn.com/Baltimore -
Battle of Galveston
The Battle of Galveston or the Second Battle of Galveston was a naval and land battle that occurred on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War when Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder attacked and expelled occupying Union troops from the city of Galveston, Texas.
The First Battle of Galveston was a naval engagement fought on October 4, 1862, during early Union attempts to blockade Galveston Harbor.
Two Confederate cottonclads, The CS Bayou City and the CS Neptune, sailed from Houston to Galveston in an effort to engage the Union Fleet in Galveston Harbor. Outnumbered six to two by the Northern ships, the Neptune was severely damaged by the Union Fleet and eventually sank. While the Neptune was quickly disabled, the Bayou City succeeded in capturing the USS Harriet Lane.
During this time, the USS Westfield was grounded on a sandbar. A three-hour truce was called for by Magruder, but Union Fleet Commander William B. Renshaw, ignoring the negotiation offer, attempted to destroy the grounded Westfield with explosives rather than let it fall into enemy hands.
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Bayou Place
Bayou Place is a 130,000 square foot entertainment complex that houses multiple theaters, bars, and restaurants located in Downtown Houston, Texas, United States. The complex was the former Albert Thomas convention center located in the Houston Theater District at 500 Texas Street (originally built in the late 1960s).
The convention center was made obsolete with the opening in 1987 of the much larger George R. Brown Convention Center on the eastern edge of downtown. After years of discussion (which included possibly turning the building into offices, or demolishing it altogether), Maryland-based developer David Cordish entered into an agreement with the city of Houston in 1991 to redevelop the site. After a few more years of discussions, delays, and construction, it was reopened to the public as an entertainment complex December 31 (New Year's Eve), 1997. At one time the complex had a scheduled completion date in the year 1996.
Cordish Company has had a 50 year lease to manage Bayou Place since 1997.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Boston
Boston (pronounced /ˈbɒstən/ or locally /ˈbɔstən/ ( listen)) is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper, covering only 48.43 square miles, had a population of 617,594 according to the 2010 U.S. Census. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region is home to 7.6 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
In 1630, Puritan colonists from England founded the city on the Shawmut Peninsula. During the late 18th century, Boston was the location of several major events during the American Revolution, including the Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. Several early battles of the American Revolution, such as the Battle of Bunker Hill and the Siege of Boston, occurred within the city and surrounding areas. Through land reclamation and municipal annexation, Boston has expanded beyond the peninsula. After American independence was attained Boston became a major shipping port and manufacturing center, and its rich history now helps attract many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone attracting over 20 million every year. The city was the site of several firsts, including America's first public school, Boston Latin School (1635), and the first subway system in the United States (1897).
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Chicago
Chicago (i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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China
China (i/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.
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Cleveland
Cleveland ( /ˈkliːvlənd/) is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The city is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (97 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Cleveland's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Cleveland is home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
As of the 2010 Census, the city proper had a total population of 396,815 and was the 45th largest city in the United States, and the second largest city in Ohio. It is the center of Greater Cleveland, the largest metropolitan area in Ohio. The Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor Metropolitan Statistical Area in 2011 ranked as the 28th largest in the United States with 2,068,283 people. Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Elyria Combined Statistical Area, which in 2011 had a population of 2,871,084, and ranked as the country's 15th largest.
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Constellation Field
Coordinates: 29°37′26″N 95°38′49″W / 29.624°N 95.647°W / 29.624; -95.647
Constellation Field is a baseball park located in Sugar Land, Texas. It is the home of the Sugar Land Skeeters in the Atlantic League that began play in 2012.. The park also has the ability to host football, soccer, lacrosse, and cheerleading competitions, as well as concerts. Constellation Field has a capacity of 7,500 spectators for baseball games, and 9,500 spectators for concerts.
In December 2010, StarTex Power—a Houston-based power company—bought the naming rights for the ballpark from the team and the City of Sugar Land. The deal is scheduled to last for 10 years. In December 2011, the ballpark's name was changed to Constellation Field after the merger of StarTex Power and Constellation Energy.
Constellation Field has one of the largest scoreboards in minor league baseball. It is also unique in that its shape will resemble Texas' borders. The scoreboard, constructed by TS Sports, rises almost 100 feet above the playing field. Additionally, Constellation Field has a traditional, manually operated scoreboard in the left-field wall.
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Cross Timbers
The term Cross Timbers is used to describe a strip of land in the United States that runs from southeastern Kansas across Central Oklahoma to Central Texas. Made up of a mix of prairie, savanna, and woodland, it forms part of the boundary between the more heavily forested eastern country and the almost treeless Great Plains, and also marks the western habitat limit of many mammals and insects.
No major metropolitan areas lie wholly within the Cross Timbers, although roughly the western half of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex does, including the cities of Fort Worth, Denton, Arlington, and Weatherford. The western suburbs of the Tulsa metropolitan area and the northeastern suburbs of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area also lie within this area. The main highways that cross the region are I-35 and I-35W going north to south (although they tend to skirt the Cross Timbers' eastern fringe south of Fort Worth) and I-40 going east to west. Numerous U.S. Highways also cross the area.
The Cross Timbers are defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as Ecoregion 29, a Level III ecoregion. Some organizations and maps refer to the Cross Timbers ecoregion as the Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains. The Cross Timbers are contained within the WWF Central forest-grasslands transition ecoregion.
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Dallas
Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/) is the third-largest city in the state of Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex is the largest metropolitan area in the South and fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Divided between Collin, Dallas, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties, the city had a population of 1,197,816 in 2010, according to the United States Census Bureau.
The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington metropolitan area (the DFW MSA) that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of 6,371,773. The metroplex economy is the sixth largest in the United States, with a 2010 gross metropolitan product of $374 billion.
Dallas was founded in 1841 and was formally incorporated as a city in February 1856. The city's economy is primarily based on banking, commerce, telecommunications, computer technology, energy, healthcare and medical research, transportation and logistics. The city is home to the third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the nation. Located in North Texas and a major city in the American South, Dallas is the main core of the largest inland metropolitan area in the United States that lacks any navigable link to the sea.
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Denver
Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
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Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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Downtown Houston
Downtown Houston is the largest business district of Houston, Texas, United States. Downtown Houston, the city's central business district, contains the headquarters of many prominent companies. There is an extensive network of pedestrian tunnels and skywalks connecting the buildings of the district. The tunnel system is home to many fast food restaurants, shops and services.
Downtown Houston was the original founding point of the city of Houston. After the Texas Revolution, two New York real estate promoters, John Kirby Allen and Augustus Chapman Allen purchased 6,642 acres (2,688 ha) of land T.F.L. Parrot (John Austin's widow) for $9,428. The Allen brothers first landed in the area where the White Oak Bayou and Buffalo Bayou meet, a spot now known as Allen's Landing. Gail Borden, Jr., a city planner, laid out wide streets for the town.
The city was granted incorporation by the Texas legislature on June 5, 1837. Houston was made as the temporary capital of Texas. In 1840, the town was divided into four wards, each with different functions in the community. The wards are no longer political divisions, but their names are still used to refer to certain areas. By 1906 what is now Downtown was divided among six wards.
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Ecuador
Ecuador (i/ˈɛkwədɔr/ E-kwə-dawr), officially the Republic of Ecuador (Spanish: República del Ecuador [reˈpuβlika ðel ekwaˈðor], which literally translates to the "Republic of the Equator") is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, (along with Chile), that do not have a border with Brazil. The country also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) west of the mainland.
The main spoken language in Ecuador is Spanish. Ecuador straddles the equator, from which it takes its name, and has an area of 275,830 km2 (106,500 sq mi). Its capital city is Quito, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in the 1970s for having the best preserved and least altered historic center in Latin America. The country's largest city is Guayaquil. The historic center of Cuenca, the third largest city in the country, was also declared a World Heritage Site in 1999, for being an outstanding example of a planned inland Spanish style colonial city in the Americas. Ecuador is also home—despite its size—to a great variety of species, many of them endemic, like those of the Galápagos islands. This species diversity makes Ecuador one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world. The new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature, or ecosystem rights.
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Edwards Plateau
The Edwards Plateau is a region of west-central Texas which is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east, the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north, and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west.San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area. The eastern portion of the plateau is the Texas Hill Country.
According to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the following 40 counties comprise the Edwards Plateau:
The bedrock consists primarily of limestone, with elevations ranging between 100 ft. and 3000 ft. Caves are numerous.
The landscape of the Plateau is mostly savanna scattered with trees. It mostly lacks deep soil suitable for farming, though the soil is fertile mollisols and some cotton, grain sorghum and oats are grown. For the most part, though, the thin soil and rough terrain areas are primarily grazing regions, with cattle, sheep and Angora goats predominant. Several rivers cross the region, which generally flow to the south and east through the Texas Hill Country toward the Gulf of Mexico; springs occur (in wet years), however permanent surface water supplies are sparse throughout the area, except for man-made reservoirs. The area is well drained; rainwater flows into the Edwards Aquifer recharge zone at the south of the plateau to feed rivers to the south. Rainfall varies from 15 to 33 in. per year, on average, from northwest to southeast, and the area has a moderate temperature and a reasonably long growing season.
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Fort Hood
Fort Hood is a United States military post located outside of Killeen, Texas. The post is named after Confederate General John Bell Hood. It is located halfway between Austin and Waco, about 60 miles (100 km) from each, within the U.S. state of Texas.
Its origin was the need for wide-open space to test and train with World War II tank destroyers. The War Department announced the location in January 1942, and the initial completion was set for that August. As originally constructed, Fort Hood had an area of 158,706 acres, with billeting for 6,007 officers and 82,610 enlisted personnel. The main cantonment of Fort Hood had a total population of 53,416 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. It is in Bell County, with some portions of the base in Coryell County.
During World War II, tank destroyers were developed to counter German mobile armored units. These were mobile anti-tank guns on armored halftracks or specially developed tanks. Wide-open space was needed for the tank destroyer testing and training, which Texas had in abundance. Andrew Davis (A.D.) Bruce was assigned to organize a new Tank Destroyer Tactical and Firing Center, and he chose Killeen, Texas for the new camp. The War Department announced the selection on 15 January 1942. An initial acquisition of 108,000 acres (169 mi² / 437 km²) was made, and it was estimated that the camp would cost $22,800,000 for the land, facilities, and development of utilities. The date of completion was set for 15 August 1942.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Germany
Germany (i/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.
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Greater Houston
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is a 10-county metropolitan area defined by the Office of Management and Budget. It is located along the Gulf Coast region in the U.S. state of Texas. The metropolitan area is colloquially referred to as "Greater Houston" and is situated in Southeast Texas, just west of the Golden Triangle.
Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States with a population of 6,086,538 as of U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2011 estimates. The population of the metropolitan area is centered in the city of Houston—the largest economic and cultural center of the American South, with a population of 2.1 million.
Houston is among the fastest-growing metropolitan areas in the United States. The area grew 25.2 percent between the 1990 and 2000 censuses—adding more than 950,000 people—while the nation's population increased 13.2 percent over the same period. From 2000 to 2007, the area grew by 912,994 people. From 2000 to 2030, the metropolitan area is projected by Woods & Poole Economics to rank fifth in the nation in population growth—adding 2.66 million people. In 2009, Milken Institute/Greenstreet Real Estate Partners ranked Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown as the fifth-best performing metropolitan area; the Houston area had moved up 11 spaces from the previous year's ranking.
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Greenway Plaza
Greenway Plaza is a master-planned mixed-use development off U.S. Highway 59 in Houston, Texas, United States, five miles (8 kilometers) west of Downtown Houston and three miles (5 kilometers) east of Uptown Houston. Greenway Plaza is Houston's first totally planned business-commercial-residential complex developed by the late Kenneth Schnitzer. Greenway Plaza is owned and operated by subsidiaries of Crescent Real Estate Equities Co. (NYSE: CEI). Most buildings within the Greenway Plaza campus are interconnected by environmentally-controlled bridges, and/or tunnels and covered walkways. The late civil engineer Jack Boyd Buckley also worked on the Greenway Plaza design.[citation needed]
The complex, composed of 10 commercial buildings, has more than 4,200,000 sq ft (390,000 m2) of space. Within the complex is the Renaissance Hotel Houston, the Houston City Club, and Tony's - one of Houston's premiere restaurants. The commercial buildings in the complex range from 11 to 31 stories.
Greenway Plaza is located next to the City owned arena occupied by the Lakewood Church. This arena was formerly called "The Summit" and later "Compaq Center" and hosted the Houston Rockets, a professional basketball team, as well as other sporting teams, concerts, and events. Privately owned residential condominiums are also located near Greenway Plaza, just west of Timmons Lane. The Greenway condominiums consist of two 30-story buildings (14 & 15 Greenway Plaza) located at the southwest periphery of the development.[citation needed]
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Guayaquil
Guayaquil (pronounced: [ɡwaʝaˈkil]), officially Santiago de Guayaquil (pronounced: [sanˈtjaɣo ðe ɣwaʝaˈkil]), is the largest and the most populous city in Ecuador, with around 3.8 million residents in the city and nearly 4.1 million in the metropolitan area, as well as the nation's main port. The city is the capital of the Ecuadorian province of Guayas and the seat of the namesake canton.
Guayaquil is located on the western bank of the Guayas River, which flows into the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Guayaquil. Because of its location, the city is the center of Ecuador's business and manufacturing industries.
Guayaquil was founded on July 25, 1538 with the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil (Most Noble and Most Loyal City of St. James of Guayaquil) by Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana. Even before it was founded by the Spanish, it already existed as a native village.
In 1600 Guayaquil had a population of about 2,000 people; by 1700 the city had a population of over 10,000.[citation needed]
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Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (Spanish: Golfo de México) is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent and the island of Cuba. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. In Texas and Louisiana it is often called the "Third Coast," in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The shape of its basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km) wide and filled with sedimentary rocks and debris. It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatan Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With this narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 615,000 mi² (1.6 million km²). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. At its deepest it is 14,383 ft (4,384 m) at the Sigsbee Deep, an irregular trough more than 300 nautical miles (560 km) (550 km) long. The basin contains a volume of roughly 660 quadrillion gallons (2.5 × 106 km3). It was formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics.
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Houston
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
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Houston City Hall
The Houston City Hall building is the headquarters of the City of Houston government. It was constructed in 1938-1939, and is located in Downtown Houston. It is surrounded by skyscrapers and very similar to dozens of other city halls built in the southwest United States during the same time period. It is flanked by Tranquility Park and the Houston Public Library. The simply designed structure featured many construction details that have helped to make this building an architectural classic.
From 1841 to 1939, Houston's municipal government was headquartered at Old Market Square. It was destroyed by fire in the 1870s, and also in 1901, and rebuilt each time. In those days, City Hall was part of the lively commercial atmosphere of the Square. However, by the 1920s, the city leaders decided the site was no longer appropriate for their needs.
In 1929, the city's planning commission urged the establishment of a civic center around a downtown park, Herman Square. However, the Great Depression sidetracked the plans for the new center. When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt instituted the Works Progress Administration program, the city applied for a WPA grant to help finance the construction of a new City Hall. The grant was approved, and construction began in March 1938, continuing for 20 months.
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Houston Heights
Coordinates: 29°47′53″N 95°23′52″W / 29.79807°N 95.39783°W / 29.79807; -95.39783
Houston Heights (often referred to simply as "The Heights") is a community located in northwest-central Houston, Texas (USA).
By 1891 millionaire Oscar Martin Carter and a group of investors established the Omaha and South Texas Land Company. The company purchased 1,756 acres (7.11 km2) of land and established infrastructure, including alleys, parks, schools, streets and utilities, worth $500,000 United States dollars. When Houston Heights was founded, it was a streetcar suburb of Houston which attracted people who did not wish to live in the dense city. It had its own municipality until the City of Houston annexed the Heights in 1919.
After World War II industrial interests moved into the Houston Heights. Marilyn Bardsley of Crime Library stated that the Houston Heights became "decrepit" and "tired" after World War II.In the 1970s the Houston Heights was considered to be a low income area of the city. On December 13, 1970 Dean Corll began luring and killing children from the Houston Heights as part of the Houston Child Murders. For most of the period of his crime spree, Corll lived in or close to Houston Heights as his two teenage accomplices resided there. Other teens from the area were targeted simply because the two teens knew many of them which made it easier to entice them to Corll's various residences during the period.
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Houston Ship Channel
The Houston Ship Channel, located in Houston, Texas, is part of the Port of Houston—one of the United States's busiest seaports. The channel is the conduit for ocean-going vessels between the Houston-area shipyards and the Gulf of Mexico.
The channel is a widened and deepened natural watercourse created by dredging the Buffalo Bayou and the Galveston Bay. Major products, such as petrochemicals and Midwestern grain, are transported in bulk together with general cargo. The original watercourse for the channel, Buffalo Bayou, has its headwaters 30 miles (48 km) to the west of the city of Houston. Today the navigational head of the channel, the most upstream point to which general cargo ships can travel, is at Turning Basin in east Houston.
The Ship Channel has numerous terminals and berthing locations along Buffalo Bayou and Galveston Bay. The major public terminals include Turning Basin, Barbours Cut, and Bayport. There are many private docks as well, including the ExxonMobil Baytown Complex and the Deer Park Complex.
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Huelva
Huelva (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈwelβa]) is a city in southwestern Spain, the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous region of Andalusia. It is located along the Gulf of Cadiz coast, at the confluence of the Odiel and Tinto rivers. According to the 2010 census, the city has a population of 149,410 inhabitants. The city has been inhabited since 3000 BC. The town is home to Recreativo de Huelva, the oldest football club in Spain.
A maritime town between the rivers Anas (modern Guadiana) and Baetis (modern Guadalquivir), it was seated on the estuary of the River Luxia (modern Odiel), and on the road from the mouth of the Anas to Augusta Emerita (modern Mérida).
The city may be the site of Tartessus; by the Phoenicians it was called Onoba. The Greeks kept the name and rendered it Ὄνοβα. It was in the hands of the Turdetani at the time of conquest by Rome, and before the conquest it issued silver coins with Iberian legends. It was called both Onoba Aestuaria or Onuba (used on coinage) during Roman times, or, simply, Onoba. The city was incorporated into the Roman province of Hispania Baetica. The Arabs then called it Walbah and ruled between 712-1250. It suffered substantial damage in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake.
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Indianapolis
Indianapolis /ˌɪndiəˈnæpɵlɨs/ (abbreviated Indy /ˈɪndi/) is the capital of the US state of Indiana, and the county seat of Marion County, Indiana. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population is 829,718. It is Indiana's largest city and, as of the 2010 U.S. Census, is the 12th largest city in the U.S., the second largest city in the Midwest (behind Chicago), the second most populous state capital (after Phoenix, Arizona), and the most populous state capital east of the Mississippi River. Indianapolis is also one of the fastest growing regions in the United States.
For much of its history, Indianapolis has oriented itself around government and industry, particularly manufacturing. Today, Indianapolis has a much more diversified economy, contributing to the fields of education, health care, and finance. Tourism is also a vital part of the economy of Indianapolis, and the city plays host to numerous conventions and sporting events. Of these, perhaps the most well known is the annual Indianapolis 500 and the NHRA U.S. Nationals. Other major sporting events include the Brickyard 400 and the Men's and Women's NCAA Basketball Tournaments. 2012 marked the first time Indianapolis hosted the Super Bowl. Super Bowl XLVI was played at Lucas Oil Stadium, on February 5, 2012 in Downtown Indianapolis. Also held in Lucas Oil Stadium is the Drum Corps International World Championships, and the Music for All Bands of America Grand National Championships.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is the largest city in Turkey, forming the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With a population of 13.4 million, the city is at the center of the second-largest urban area in Europe after Moscow, and among the world's largest cities by population within city limits. Istanbul's vast area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi) is coterminous with Istanbul Province, of which the city is considered capital. Straddling the Bosphorus—one of the world's busiest waterways—in northwestern Turkey, between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea, Istanbul is a transcontinental city, with one third of its population living in Asia but its commercial and historical center in Europe.
Founded around 660 BC as Byzantium on the Seraglio Point, the city now known as Istanbul developed to become one of the most significant cities in history. For nearly sixteen centuries following its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 AD, it served as the capital of four empires — the late classical Roman Empire (330–395), the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire (395–1204 and 1261–1453), the Latin Empire (1204–1261), and the Ottoman Empire (1453–1922). It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times, before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold from which the last caliphate ruled. Although the Republic of Turkey established its capital elsewhere, in Ankara, remnants of Istanbul's previous central role still remain highly visible across the city, with palaces and imperial mosques lining its hills.
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Japan
Japani/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Jones Hall
Coordinates: 29°45′39″N 95°21′54″W / 29.760876°N 95.364994°W / 29.760876; -95.364994
The Jesse H. Jones Hall for the Performing Arts, commonly known as Jones Hall, is a performance venue in Houston, Texas, and the permanent home of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and the Houston Society for the Performing Arts.
Jones Hall is also frequently rented as a venue for contemporary pop musicians and other performers and is estimated to draw over 400,000 audience members yearly.
Officially completed on October 2, 1966 at the cost of $7.4 million, it is named after Jesse H. Jones, a former United States Secretary of Commerce and Houstonian. (For the Hall's opening concert a special work was commissioned of the American composer Alan Hovhaness, the appropriately titled 'Ode to the Temple of Sound'). Construction of the hall was underwritten by Houston Endowment, Inc., a foundation endowed by Jones and his wife. Upon completion, the hall was donated to the city, and today is operated by the Houston First Corporation.
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Karachi
Karachi ( Karācī (help·info), Urdu: کراچی; Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the largest city, main seaport and financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 13 million. Results in April 2012 of Pakistan's latest census initial tabulations show that the district is home to over 21 million people, at a density of nearly 6,000 people per square kilometer (15,500 per square mile). Karachi is the most populous city in the country, one of the world's largest cities in terms of population and also the 10th largest urban agglomeration in the world. It is Pakistan's premier centre of banking, industry, economic activity and trade and is home to Pakistan's largest corporations, including those involved in textiles, shipping, automotive industry, entertainment, the arts, fashion, advertising, publishing, software development and medical research. The city is a major hub of higher education in South Asia and the wider Muslim world.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Luanda
Coordinates: 8°50′18″S 13°14′04″E / 8.83833°S 13.23444°E / -8.83833; 13.23444
Luanda, formerly named São Paulo da Assunção de Loanda, is the capital and largest city of Angola. Located on Angola's coast with the Atlantic Ocean, Luanda is both Angola's chief seaport and its administrative center. It has a population of over 5 million. It is also the capital city of Luanda Province, and the world's third most populous Portuguese-speaking city, behind only São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, both in Brazil.
The city is currently undergoing a major reconstruction, with many large developments taking place that will alter the cityscape significantly. Luanda was ranked the most expensive city to live in for expatriates by Mercer, for 2011.
Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais founded Luanda on 25 January 1576 as "São Paulo da Assumpção de Loanda", with a hundred families of settlers and four hundred soldiers. In 1618 the Portuguese built the fortress called Fortaleza São Pedro da Barra, and they subsequently built two more: Fortaleza de São Miguel (1634) and Forte de São Francisco do Penedo (1765-6). Of these, the Fortaleza de São Miguel is the best preserved.
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Menil Collection
The Menil Collection, located in Houston (Texas, USA) refers either to a museum that houses the private art collection of founders John de Menil and Dominique de Menil, or to the collection itself. Dominique was an heir to the Schlumberger oil-drilling fortune, and John was an executive of that company.
The Renzo Piano-designed museum opened to the public in June 1987 and houses John and Dominique de Menils' privately-assembled collection of twentieth-century art, including over 15,000 paintings, sculptures, prints, drawings, photographs, and rare books. It includes the early to mid-twentieth century works of Yves Tanguy, René Magritte, Max Ernst, Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp, Henri Matisse and Pablo Picasso among others. The museum also maintains an extensive collection of pop art and contemporary art from Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol, Mark Rothko, Robert Rauschenberg and Cy Twombly, among others. Also included in the museum's permanent collection are Antiquities and works of Byzantine, Medieval and Tribal art.
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Miami
Miami ( /maɪˈæmi/ or /maɪˈæmə/) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida and the eighth-most populous county in the United States with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city proper in the United States, with a population of 408,568, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area, and the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. According to the US Census Bureau, Miami's metro area is the seventh most populous and fifth-largest urban area in the United States, with a population of around 5.5 million.
Miami is a major center and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2010, Miami was classified as a Alpha- World City in the World Cities Study Group’s inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked thirty-third among global cities. In 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami "America's Cleanest City", for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets and city-wide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, and the world's fifth-richest city in terms of purchasing power. Miami is nicknamed the "Capital of Latin America", is the 2nd largest U.S. city (after El Paso) with a Spanish-speaking majority, and the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality.
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Milwaukee
Milwaukee /mɪlˈwɔːkiː/ is the largest city in the U.S. state of Wisconsin, the 28th most populous city in the United States, and 39th most populous region in the United States. It is the county seat of Milwaukee County and is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. According to 2010 census data, the City of Milwaukee has a population of 594,833. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area with a population of 1,751,316 as of 2010. Milwaukee is also the regional center of the seven county Greater Milwaukee Area, with an estimated population of 2,014,032 as of 2008.
The first Europeans to pass through the area were French missionaries and fur traders. In 1818, the French-Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area, and in 1846 Juneau's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the City of Milwaukee. Large numbers of German and other immigrants helped increase the city's population during the 1840s and the following decades.
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Minneapolis
Minneapolis (pronunciation:i/ˌmɪniːˈæpəlɪs/), nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City", is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States. Its name is attributed to the city's first schoolteacher, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.
As of the 2010 Census, the population of the city of Minneapolis is 382,578. Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. Known as the Twin Cities, Minneapolis-Saint Paul is the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with approximately 3.3 million residents. The city is abundantly rich in water, with over twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi river, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. Among cities of similar densities, Minneapolis has the most dedicated parkland. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber, and today is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle, with Minneapolis proper containing the fifth highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies. It has cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to the city for theater, visual art, writing, and music. The community's diverse population has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and VOLAGs, as well as private and corporate philanthropy.
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NASA
Coordinates: 38°52′59″N 77°0′59″W / 38.88306°N 77.01639°W / 38.88306; -77.01639
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. Since February 2006, NASA's mission statement has been to "pioneer the future in space exploration, scientific discovery and aeronautics research." On September 14, 2011, NASA announced that it had selected the design of a new Space Launch System that it said would take the agency's astronauts farther into space than ever before and provide the cornerstone for future human space exploration efforts by the U.S.
NASA was established by the National Aeronautics and Space Act on July 29, 1958, replacing its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The agency became operational on October 1, 1958. U.S. space exploration efforts have since been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches.
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Nice
Coordinates: 43°42′12″N 7°15′59″E / 43.7034°N 7.2663°E / 43.7034; 7.2663
Nice ( /ˈniːs/, French pronunciation: [nis]; Niçard Occitan: Niça [classical norm] or Nissa [nonstandard], Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek: Νίκαια, Latin: Nicaea) is the fifth most populous city in France, after Paris, Marseille, Lyon and Toulouse, with a population of 348,721 within its administrative limits on a land area of 71.92 km2 (28 sq mi). The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of about 1 million on an area of 721 km2 (278 sq mi). Located on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast after Marseille.
The city is called Nice la Belle (Nissa La Bella in Niçard), which means Nice the Beautiful, which is also the title of the unofficial anthem of Nice, written by Menica Rondelly in 1912. Nice is the capital of the Alpes Maritimes département and the second biggest city of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille.
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Northeast Texas
Coordinates: 32°26′N 94°59′W / 32.433°N 94.983°W / 32.433; -94.983
Northeast Texas is a region in the northeast corner of the U.S. state of Texas. It is geographically centered around two metropolitan areas strung along Interstate 20: Tyler in the west and Longview/Marshall to the east. Clarksville, Mount Pleasant, Greenville, Paris and Texarkana in the north and the Nacogdoches/Lufkin area, Jacksonville and Palestine to the south are also major cities within the region. Most of Northeast Texas is included in the inter-state region of the Arklatex.
Its climate is warmer and wetter than most of Texas and its geography is more hilly and forested. Its culture is similar to that of Southeast Texas, but does not have as much of a Cajun influence. Many of the largest cities in Northeast Texas still follow a rural Southern way of life, especially in dialect, mannerisms, religion, and cuisine.
The geography is composed mainly of the Piney Woods, a mixed forest of deciduous and conifer flora. The Piney woods cover 23,500 square miles (60,900 km²) of gently rolling or hilly forested land. These woods are part of a much larger region of pine-hardwood forest that extends into Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Northeast Texas lies within the Gulf Coastal Plain and receives more rainfall, 35 to 50 inches (890 to 1270 mm), than the rest of Texas.
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Norway
Norwayi/ˈnɔrweɪ/ (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk)), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and the subantarctic Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of about 5 million. It is the second least densely populated country in Europe. The majority of the country shares a border to the east with Sweden; its northernmost region is bordered by Finland to the south and Russia to the east; in its south Norway borders the Skagerrak Strait across from Denmark. The capital city of Norway is Oslo. Norway's extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea, is home to its famous fjords.
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Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (Pawnee: Uukuhuuwasiri ) is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county).
Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. (These two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively.)
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Pakistan
Pakistan (i/ˈpækɨstæn/ or i/pɑːkiˈstɑːn/; Urdu: پاکستان) (Urdu pronunciation: [paːkɪˈst̪aːn] (
listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان), is a sovereign country in South Asia. It sits at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. It has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and it shares a marine border with Oman.
The territory of modern Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Neolithic Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and has undergone invasions or settlements by Hindu, Persian, Indo-Greek, Islamic, Turco-Mongol, Afghan and Sikh cultures. Thus the area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties, including the Indian Mauryan Empire, the Persian Achaemenid Empire, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate, the Mongol Empire, the Mughal Empire, the Durrani Empire, the Sikh Empire and the British Empire. As a result of the Pakistan Movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and India's struggle for independence, Pakistan was created in 1947 as an independent nation for Muslims from the regions in the east and west of India where there was a Muslim majority. Initially a dominion, Pakistan adopted a new constitution in 1956, becoming an Islamic republic. A civil war in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh.
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Pennzoil Place
Pennzoil Place is a set of two 36-story towers in downtown Houston, Texas, United States. Designed by Philip Johnson and John Burgee and built in 1975, Pennzoil Place is Houston's most award-winning skyscraper and is widely known for its innovative design.
Pennzoil Place, developed and managed by Gerald D. Hines Interests, consists of two 495 ft (151 m) trapezoidal towers placed ten feet apart and sheathed in dark bronze glass and aluminum. The buildings are mirror images of each other. The entire street-level plaza joining the two structures is enclosed in a 115-foot (35 m) glass pyramid-shaped atrium. Deliberately designed as an optical illusion, Pennzoil Place's appearance will vary depending on the different locations from where it is viewed. Pennzoil Place is considered significant in architectural circles for breaking the modernist glass box design made popular by followers of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and for introducing the era of postmodernism. The buildings combined contain 1,400,000 square feet (130,000 m2) of leasable space.
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Philadelphia
Philadelphia ( /ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə/) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States, with a population of 1,526,006 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. Philadelphia is also the commercial, cultural, and educational center of the Delaware Valley, home to 6 million people and the country's fifth-largest metropolitan area. The Philadelphia metropolitan division consists of five counties in Pennsylvania and has a population of 4,008,994. Popular nicknames for Philadelphia are Philly and The City of Brotherly Love, the latter of which comes from the literal meaning of the city's name in Greek (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια ([pʰilaˈdelpʰeːa], Modern Greek: [filaˈðelfia]) "brotherly love", compounded from philos (φίλος) "loving", and adelphos (ἀδελφός) "brother").
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Poland
Polandi/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.
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Port of Houston
The Port of Houston is a port in Houston — the fourth-largest port in the United States. The Port is a 25-mile-long complex of diversified public and private facilities located a few hours' sailing time from the Gulf of Mexico. It is the busiest port in the United States in terms of foreign tonnage, second-busiest in the United States in terms of overall tonnage, and thirteenth-busiest in the world. Though originally the port's terminals were primarily within the Houston city limits, the port has expanded to such a degree that today it has facilities in multiple communities in the surrounding area. In particular the port's busiest terminal, the Barbours Cut Terminal, is located in Morgan's Point.
The Port of Houston is a cooperative entity consisting of both the port authority, which operates the major terminals along the Houston Ship Channel, and more than 150 private companies situated along Buffalo Bayou and Galveston Bay. Many petroleum corporations have built refineries along the channel where they are partially protected from the threat of major storms in the Gulf of Mexico. The petrochemical complex associated with the Port of Houston is one of the largest in the world.
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Rice University
William Marsh Rice University, commonly referred to as Rice University or Rice, is a private research university located on a heavily wooded 295-acre (1.19 km2) campus in Houston, Texas, United States. The university is situated near the Houston Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center.
Opened in 1912 after the murder of its namesake William Marsh Rice, Rice is now a preeminent research university with a distinct undergraduate focus. Its emphasis on undergraduate education is demonstrated by a small student body and 5:1 student-faculty ratio, among the lowest in the top American universities including the Ivy League.Rice alumni are prominent in every sector of society today. The university has produced 101 Fulbright Scholars, 20 Marshall Scholars, and 12 Rhodes Scholars. The university has a very high level of research activity for its size, with $115.3 million in sponsored research funding in 2011. Rice is noted for its applied science programs in the fields of artificial heart research, structural chemical analysis, signal processing, space science, and nanotechnology. It was ranked first in the world in materials science research by the Times Higher Education (THE) in 2010.
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Rio Grande Valley
The Rio Grande Valley (RGV) or the Lower Rio Grande Valley, informally called The Valley, is an area located in the southernmost tip of South Texas. It lies along the northern bank of the Rio Grande, which separates Mexico from the United States.
The Rio Grande Valley is not a valley, but a delta or floodplain containing many oxbow lakes or resacas formed from pinched-off meanders in earlier courses of the Rio Grande. Early 20th-century land developers, attempting to capitalize on unclaimed land, utilized the name "Magic Valley" to attract settlers and appeal to investors. The Rio Grande Valley is also called "El Valle", the Spanish translation of "the valley", by those who live there. The residents of the Rio Grande Valley occasionally refer to the area as "El Magico Valle del Rio Grande" ("The Magical Valley of the Rio Grande"), and also simply by the initials "RGV."
The region is made up of four counties: Starr County, Hidalgo County, Willacy County, and Cameron County. As of January 1, 2008, the Texas State Data Center estimated the population of the Rio Grande Valley at 1,138,872. According to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2008, 86 percent of Cameron County, 90 percent of Hidalgo County, 97 percent of Starr County, and 86 percent of Willacy County are Hispanic.
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Russia
Russiai/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
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Sam Houston Park
Sam Houston Park is a park located in downtown Houston, Texas, and is dedicated to the buildings and culture of Houston's historic past. The park, which was the first to be established in the city, was developed on land purchased by former Mayor Sam Brashier in 1900.
Mayor Brashear appointed Houston’s first park committee to oversee the establishment of a city park in 1899. The 20 acres (81,000 m2) chosen for the park was landscaped into a Victorian-styled village, with footpaths leading past an old mill and across a bridge that traversed a small stream. At that time, the park also included a 52-year old house that had long been used as a school.
The Heritage Society was founded by Houstonians Faith Bybee, Harvin Moore and Marie Phelps in 1954, and Sam Houston Park has been its home ever since.
The purpose of the Society is to preserve the complete history of the community and region through preservation and restoration of historic structures, exhibition of historical artifacts, and presentation of educational programs which focus on Houston and Harris County's diverse past, and its relationship to the present and future.
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San Antonio
San Antonio ( /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the seventh-largest city in the United States of America and the second-largest within the state of Texas, with a population of 1.3 million. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000-2010, and the second from 1990-2000. Located in the American Southwest and the south–central part of Texas, the city serves as the seat of Bexar County. San Antonio has characteristics of other western urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city limits. The city is one of the two principal municipalities of the San Antonio-New Braunfels metropolitan area, the other being New Braunfels. Commonly referred to as Greater San Antonio, the metropolitan area has a population of 2.2 million based on the 2011 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 24th-largest metropolitan area in the United States and third-largest in the state of Texas.
The city was named for San Antonio de Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, Marriage Island and host to SeaWorld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.
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San Diego
San Diego /ˌsæn diːˈeɪɡoʊ/ is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the U.S. Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology enclave. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War and the admission of California to the union.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia (i/ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbi.ə/ or i/ˌsɔːdiː əˈreɪbi.ə/; Arabic: السعودية as-Su‘ūdīyah[citation needed] or incorrectly as-Sa‘ūdīyah, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Su‘ūdīyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab world, after Algeria. It is bordered by Jordan, and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Red Sea lies to its west, and the Persian Gulf lies to the east. Saudi Arabia has an area of approximately 2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 9 million are registered foreign expatriates and an estimated 2 million are illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals comprise an estimated 16 million people.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career as Ibn Saud) in 1932, although the conquests which eventually led to the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud, referred to in Arabic as the Al Saud. The Saudi Arabian government, which has been an absolute monarchy since its inception, refers to its system of government as being Islamic, though this is contested by many due to its strong basis in Salafism, a minority school of thought in Islam. The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.
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Shenzhen
Shenzhen (Mandarin pronunciation: [ʂə́ntʂə̂n]) is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones (SEZs). It currently also holds sub-provincial administrative status, with powers slightly less than a province.
Shenzhen's modern cityscape is the result of the vibrant economy made possible by rapid foreign investment since the institution of the policy of "reform and opening" establishment of the SEZ in the late 1979, before which it was only a small village. Both Chinese and foreign nationals have invested enormous amount of money in the Shenzhen SEZ. More than US$30 billion in foreign investment has gone into both foreign-owned and joint ventures, at first mainly in manufacturing but more recently in the service industries as well. Shenzhen is now reputedly considered as one of the fastest-growing cities in the world.
Being southern mainland China's major financial centre, Shenzhen is home to the Shenzhen Stock Exchange as well as the headquarters of numerous high-tech companies. Shenzhen is also the third-busiest container port in China, after Shanghai and Hong Kong.
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Spain
Spain (i/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.
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Stavanger
Stavanger (Norwegian pronunciation: [stɑˈʋɑŋər] (listen)) is a city and municipality in the county of Rogaland, Norway. Stavanger municipality has a population of 126,469. There are 197,852 people living in the Stavanger conurbation, making Stavanger the fourth largest city, but the third largest urban area, in Norway. Stavanger is the centre of the Stavanger metropolitan area, which has a population of 297,569, and the administrative centre of Rogaland county. The city is commonly referred to as the Petroleum Capital of Norway.
Despite its age, dating back at least to the Viking Age, Stavanger only grew to its position among the most important Norwegian cities in the second half of the 20th century, after oil was discovered in the North Sea. Today, the city is marked by noticeable foreign influences as a result of the presence of several major international oil companies. Stavanger also houses the NATO Joint Warfare Center.
Norway's oldest cathedral, Stavanger domkirke, is situated in the city centre, right next to Breiavatnet lake. The two most popular recreational areas are situated around lakes, namely Mosvatnet and Stokkavatnet.
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Sun Belt
The Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and Southwest (the geographic southern United States). Another rough boundary of the region is the area south of the 36th parallel, north latitude. It is the largest region which the U.S government does not recognize officially (in its postal regions and census).[citation needed] The main defining feature of the Sun Belt is its warm-temperate climate with extended summers and brief, relatively mild winters; Florida, the Gulf Coast, and southern Texas, however, have a true subtropical climate.
The Belt has seen substantial population growth in recent decades (1960s to recent) fueled by milder winters; a surge in retiring baby boomers who migrate domestically; and the influx of immigrants, both legal and illegal. This population boom has been less substantial in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama compared with their western and eastern neighbor states. Also, over the past several decades, air conditioning has made it easier for people to deal with the heat in portions of the region during the summertime. Water shortages are becoming a common problem in the region.
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Taipei
Taipei City (/ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/; [tʰǎipèi]; Chinese: 臺北市 or 台北市; pinyin: Táiběi Shì) is the capital of the Republic of China (Taiwan). Situated at the northern tip of the island of Taiwan, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River; it is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, a port city on the Pacific Ocean. It lies in the two relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung (基隆河) and Xindian (新店溪) rivers, which join to form the Tamsui River along the city's western border. The city proper (Taipei City) is home to an estimated 2,618,772 people. Taipei, New Taipei, and Keelung together form the Taipei metropolitan area with a population of 6,900,273. However, they are administered under different local governing bodies. "Taipei" sometimes refers to the whole metropolitan area, while "Taipei City" refers to the city proper. Taipei City proper is surrounded on all sides by New Taipei.
Taipei is the political, economic, and cultural center of Taiwan. The National Palace Museum which has one of the largest collections of Chinese artifacts and artworks in the world is located in Taipei. Considered to be a global city, Taipei is part of a major industrial area. Railways, high speed rail, highways, airports, and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island. The city is served by two airports – Taipei Songshan and Taiwan Taoyuan.
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Taiwan
Taiwan (i/ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ TY-WAHN; Chinese: 臺灣 or 台灣; pinyin: Táiwān; see below), officially the Republic of China (ROC; Chinese: 中華民國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínguó), is a state in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China now governs the island of Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa), which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and other minor islands. Neighboring states include the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east and northeast, and the Philippines to the south. Taipei is the capital city and economic and cultural centre of the country, and New Taipei is the most populous city.
The earliest evidence of inhabitation of Taiwan dates back to the late Paleolithic era. The island of Taiwan was mainly inhabited by Taiwanese aborigines before being colonized in the 17th century by the Dutch and the Spanish Empire. The first Han Chinese polity on Taiwan began when Koxinga's troops defeated Dutch forces and established the Kingdom of Tungning. The island was subsequently ruled by the Qing Dynasty after the kingdom's defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683, a period that lasted for over 200 years. Following Japan's victory over the Qing Dynasty in the first Sino-Japanese war, Taiwan was ceded to Japan under the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895.
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Tamaulipas
Tamaulipas (Spanish pronunciation: [tamauˈlipas]) officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas (English: Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas) is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 43 municipalities and its capital city is Ciudad Victoria. The capital city was named after Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of Mexico.
It is located in Northeastern Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Veracruz to the southeast, San Luis Potosí to the southwest and Nuevo León to the west. To the north, it has a 370 km (142.9 mi) stretch of the U.S.-Mexico border along the state of Texas.
The name Tamaulipas is derived from Tamaholipa, a Huastec term in which the tam- prefix signifies "place where." As yet, there is no scholarly agreement on the meaning of holipa, but "high hills" is a common interpretation. Another explanation of the state name is Ta ma ho'lipam – “place, where the Lipan prey”.
In addition to the capital city, Ciudad Victoria, the state's largest cities include Reynosa, Matamoros, Nuevo Laredo, and Tampico.
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Texas
Texas (i/ˈtɛksəs/) (Alibamu: Teksi ) is the second most populous and the second most extensive of the 50 United States, and the most extensive state of the 48 contiguous United States. The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in East Texas. Located in the South Central United States, Texas shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the south, and borders the US states of New Mexico to the west, Oklahoma to the north, Arkansas to the northeast, and Louisiana to the east. Texas has an area of 268,820 square miles (696,200 km2), and a growing population of 25.7 million residents.
During the Spanish colonial rule, the area was officially known as the Nuevo Reino de Filipinas: La Provincia de Texas. Antonio Margil de Jesús was known to be the first person to use the name in a letter to the Viceroy of Mexico in July 20, 1716. The name was not popularly used in daily speech but often appeared in legal documents until the end of the 1800s.
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Texas Coastal Bend
The Texas Coastal Bend refers to the flat area of land along the Texas coast. It is home to many cities including Brownsville, Corpus Christi, Kingsville, Port Lavaca, Galveston, Victoria, Beaumont, and Houston. The Coastal Bend includes the barrier islands of Texas and the Laguna Madre. According to the United States 2000 Census the Texas Coastal Bend had a population of 6,332,801.
The Texas Coastal Bend enjoys a rural, urban, and suburban mix of mainly Bi-Cultural, Hispanic and Anglo traditions. African American and Asian/Pacific Islander population and their cultural traditions are well represented throughout this region as well.
Among the universal features which connects the populations of this region, are the ever present summer threats of severe hurricane winds and flooding affecting these predominantly flat lands areas. As such, the people of these low topography counties threaded by the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, are subject to regular evacuations and keep a keen sense hurricane awareness.
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Texas Medical Center
The Texas Medical Center is the largest medical center in the world with one of the highest densities of clinical facilities for patient care, basic science, and translational research. Located in Greater Houston, the center contains 50 medicine-related institutions, including 15 hospitals and two specialty institutions, three medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and other health-related practices. All 50 institutions are not-for-profit. Exceeding one thousand acres in size, the center is larger than downtown Dallas. Some member institutions are located outside of the city of Houston. The center is where one of the first and largest air ambulance services was created and where one of the first successful inter-institutional transplant programs was developed. More heart surgeries are performed in the center than anywhere else in the world.
The Texas Medical Center receives 160,000 daily visitors and over six million annual patient visits, including over 18,000 international patients. In 2010, the center employed over 93,500 people, including 20,000 physicians, scientists, researchers and other advanced degree professionals in the life sciences.
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Texas Panhandle
The Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state. The panhandle is a rectangular area bordered by New Mexico to the west and Oklahoma to the north and east. The Handbook of Texas defines the southern border of Swisher County to be the southern boundary of the Texas Panhandle region, though some consider the region to extend as far south as Lubbock County., The Texas Panhandle Press Association accepts members in the actual panhandle and a triangle formed by its southern tier, the southeastern border of New Mexico and a diagonal to the beginning, which includes Lubbock County.
Its land area is 66,883.58 km² (25,823.9 sq mi), or nearly 10 percent of the state's total. There is an additional 162.53 km² (62.75 sq mi) of water area. Its population as of the 2010 census was 427,927 residents, or 1.7 percent of the state's total population. As of the 2010 census, this would put the average population density for the region at 16.6 persons/sq mi. The Panhandle is distinct from North Texas, which is more to the southeast.
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The Orange Show
Jeff McKissack, a mail carrier in Houston, Texas, transformed a small suburban lot near his wood frame house into The Orange Show in honor of his favorite fruit. Between 1956 and 1980, when he died, McKissak used common building materials and recycled junk such as bricks, tiles, fencing, and farm implements to transform his home into an architectural maze of walkways, balconies, arenas and exhibits decorated with mosaics and brightly painted iron figures.
When McKissack died, Houston arts patron Marilyn Oshman formed a non-profit foundation to preserve The Orange Show.[citation needed] The 21 original donors represent a diverse cross-section of Houston: Dominique de Menil, members of the legendary Texas rock band ZZ Top and East End funerary director Tommy Schlitzberger.[citation needed] In 1982, the restored site opened and newly hired staff began to integrate The Orange Show into Houston’s cultural life through a wide variety of programs. Artists, musicians and literary figures that make Houston their home bring depth and dimension to programs, and give the public immediate access to creative thinking.
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Turkey
Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia (mostly in the Anatolian peninsula) and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between East Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. The vast majority of the population are Muslims. The country's official language is Turkish, whereas Kurdish and Zazaki languages are spoken by Kurds and Zazas, who constitute 18% of the population.
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Tyumen
Tyumen (Russian: Тюме́нь; IPA: [tʲʉˈmʲenʲ] ( listen)) is the largest city and the administrative center of Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located on the Tura River 2,144 kilometers (1,332 mi) east of Moscow. Population: 581,758 (2010 Census preliminary results); 510,719 (2002 Census); 476,869 (1989 Census).
Tyumen is the oldest Russian settlement in Siberia. Founded in 1586 to support Russia's eastward expansion, the city has remained one of the most important industrial and economic centers east of the Ural Mountains. Located at the junction of several important trade routes and with easy access to navigable waterways, Tyumen rapidly developed from a small military settlement to a large commercial and industrial city. The central part of Old Tyumen retains many historic buildings from throughout the city's history.
Today Tyumen is one of Russia's most important business centers and is prominent in the political and cultural life of Russia.
Tyumen is the transportation hub and industrial center of Tyumen Oblast—a vast oil-rich region stretching from the Kazakh border to the Arctic Ocean—as well as the home of many companies active in Russia's oil and gas industry.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emiratesi/juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌærəb ˈɛmɪrɨts/ (Arabic: دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة, Al Imārāt al ‘Arabīyah al Muttaḥidah), sometimes simply called the Emirates or the UAE, is a country situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing sea borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
The UAE is a federation of seven emirates (equivalent to principalities), each governed by a hereditary emir, with a single national president. The constituent emirates are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain. The capital is Abu Dhabi, which is also the state's center of political, industrial, and cultural activities.
Prior to independence in 1971, the UAE was known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, in reference to a 19th-century truce between the local sheikhs, hereditary rulers of the territories, and the United Kingdom. The term Pirate Coast was also used by some to refer to the emirates from the 18th to the early 20th century, owing to the preponderance of pirates operating from Emirati ports.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Utah
The University of Utah (also referred to as The U, the U of U or Utah) is a public, coeducational research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
As the state's flagship university, Utah offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and more than 90 graduate degree programs. Graduate studies include the S.J. Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine, Utah's only medical school. As of 2011, there are 23,371 undergraduate students and 7,448 graduate students, for an enrollment total of 30,819; with 84% coming from Utah and 6% coming from foreign countries. Just over 10% of students live on campus.
The university's athletic teams, the Utes, participate in NCAA Division I athletics (FBS for football) as a member of the Pacific-12 Conference. Its football team has received national attention in recent years for winning the 2005 Fiesta Bowl and the 2009 Sugar Bowl.
The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest institution of higher education. It received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900.
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Upper Kirby
Upper Kirby is a commercial district in Houston, Texas, United States.
Upper Kirby contains many businesses, including restaurants. Upper Kirby is east of the Greenway Plaza, southwest of Neartown, north of the city of West University Place, and south of River Oaks.
Upper Kirby is considered to be in an area west of South Shepherd Drive, east of Buffalo Speedway, north of Bissonnet Street, and south of Westheimer Road.
The River Oaks Garden Club Forum of Civics, located in Upper Kirby, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the "Forum of Civics" on October 13, 1988. Formerly a county schoolhouse, the building is currently the administrative center for the River Oaks Garden Club.
The Texas Legislature created the Harris County Improvement District #3, also known as the Upper Kirby Management District, which governs the Upper Kirby area. In 1999 the Houston city council created the Tax Increment Reinvestment Zone 19, which covers 15 acres (61,000 m2).
In 2006 the Upper Kirby district plans to establish a "teen center" at Richmond at Wake Forest geared towards students at Lamar High School, Lanier Middle School, St. John's School, and other Upper Kirby schools and schools near Upper Kirby. Funding issues have delayed establishment of the center.
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Uptown Houston
The Uptown District of Houston is located 6.2 miles (10 km) west of downtown and is centered along Post Oak Boulevard, Westheimer Road (Farm to Market Road 1093), and the Galleria. In its role as a satellite central business district and a center for premier shopping centers and hotels.[citation needed]
The Uptown District is roughly bounded by Woodway Drive to the north, the I-610 (West Loop) to the east, Richmond Avenue to the south, and Yorktown Street to the west.
At 23.6 million square feet (2,193,000 m²) of office space, the Uptown District is the 17th-largest business district in the United States, comparable in size to the downtowns of Denver, and Pittsburgh. The district is home to approximately 2,000 companies and represents more than 11 percent of Houston's total office space.
In 1948 what is now Uptown was 3 miles (4.8 km) outside of the city limits of Houston. A local reporter described the roads as "lonely, unlit, pockmarked booby trap for nocturnal animals and boozed up motorists." Development increased after Gerald D. Hines and other individuals began to develop properties in Uptown in the 1960s.
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West Texas
West Texas is a vernacular term applied to a region in the southwestern quadrant of the United States that primarily encompasses the arid and semi-arid lands in the western portion of the state of Texas.
There is a general lack of consensus regarding the boundaries that separate East Texas and West Texas.Walter Prescott Webb, the American historian and geographer, suggested that the 98th meridian separates East and West Texas. The Texas writer A.C. Greene proposed that West Texas extends west of the Brazos River. Perhaps, the truth is that there is no distinct line that separates East and West Texas. Rather, there are places that are clearly in West Texas and there are places that are clearly in East Texas, and then there are places that fall within a transitional zone between these two regions.
West Texas is often subdivided according to distinct physiographic features. The portion of West Texas that lies west of the Pecos River is often referred to as "Far West Texas" or the "Trans-Pecos," a term first introduced in 1887 by the Texas geologist Robert T. Hill. The Trans-Pecos lies within the Chihuahuan Desert, the most arid portion of the state. Another important subdivision of West Texas is the Llano Estacado, a vast region of high level plains that extends into Eastern New Mexico and the Texas Panhandle. To the east of the Llano Estacado lies the “redbed country” of the Rolling Plains and to the south of the Llano Estacado lies the Edwards Plateau. The Rolling Plains and the Edwards Plateau subregions act as transitional zones between East and West Texas.
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Western Australia
Coordinates: 26°0′S 121°0′E / 26°S 121°E / -26; 121
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state and the second-largest subnational entity in the world. The state has approximately 2.3 million inhabitants (around 10% of the national total), the majority of whom live in the south-west corner of the state.
The first European to visit Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog, who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616. The British established a military outpost at King George Sound, near present-day Albany, in 1826, which was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, including the townsite of the present-day capital, Perth.
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Williams Tower
The Williams Tower (formerly the Transco Tower) is a skyscraper located in the Uptown District of Houston, Texas in the back of the Houston Galleria. It was designed by architects Philip Johnson and John Burgee, in association with Houston-based Morris Architects (formerly Morris-Aubry Architects), and erected in 1983. The tower is among Houston's most visible buildings. The building is the 4th-tallest in Texas, the 22nd-tallest in the United States, and the 102nd-tallest building in the world. It is the tallest building in Houston outside of Downtown Houston, and at the time of its construction was believed to be the world's tallest skyscraper outside of a central business district. The building has the United States headquarters of the Hines Interests real estate firm.
Hines Interests LP was the original developer of the tower. In 2008, an affiliate of Hines purchased the Williams Tower for $271.5 million. The building was offered along with the parking garage, a 2.3 acres (0.93 ha) tract across the street from the Williams Tower, and a 48% stake in the Williams Waterwall and the surrounding park; Hines had already owned the other 52% of the waterwall.
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Annise Parker
Annise Danette Parker (born May 17, 1956) is an American politician and the mayor of Houston since January 2, 2010. She served as an at-large member of the Houston City Council from 1998 to 2003 and city controller from 2004 to 2009.
Parker is Houston's second female mayor, and one of the first openly gay mayors of a major U.S. city.
Parker was born in Houston and raised in the community of Spring Branch, where she attended public schools. Her mother was a bookkeeper, and her father worked for the Red Cross. In 1971, when Parker was 15, her family moved to a U.S. Army base in Mannheim, Germany for two years. In Germany, she volunteered as a candy striper in the Red Cross youth service organization and worked at the base library.
Parker began attending Rice University on a National Merit scholarship in 1974, working several jobs to pay for her room and board. A member of Jones College, she graduated in 1978 with a bachelor's degree in anthropology, psychology and sociology.
Prior to serving as an elected official, Parker worked in the oil and gas industry as a software analyst for over 20 years, including 18 years at Mosbacher Energy. In addition, she co-owned Inklings Bookshop with business partner Pokey Anderson from the late 1980s until 1997 and served as president of the Neartown Civic Association from 1995 to 1997. In 1986, she was president of the Houston GLBT Political Caucus.
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Austria
Austria (i/ˈɒstriə/ or /ˈɔːstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: Republik Österreich (help·info)), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.47 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft). The majority of the population speak local Austro-Bavarian dialects of German as their native language, and German in its standard form is the country's official language. Other local official languages are Burgenland Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria became one of the great powers of Europe and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon I as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. In 1867, the Austrian Empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary.
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Betsy Price
Betsy Price is the 44th mayor of Fort Worth, Texas. She was elected on June 18, 2011, in a nonpartisan race to replace mayor Mike Moncrief, and took office on July 12. She is a Republican who previously served 2½ terms as Tarrant County tax assessor-collector, from 2001 to 2011.
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Black people
The term black people is used in some socially-based systems of racial classification for humans of a dark-skinned phenotype, relative to other racial groups represented in a particular social context. Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified as "black", and often social variables such as class and socio-economic status also play a role, so that relatively dark-skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of "whiteness" and relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for "blackness" in a particular setting.
As a biological phenotype being "black" is often associated with the very dark skin colors of some people who are classified as "black". But, particularly in the United States, the racial or ethnic classification also refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have African ancestry, or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being "African-American". As a result, in the United States the term "black people" is not an indicator of skin color but of socially based racial classification.
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Chinese American
Chinese Americans (Chinese: trad. 華裔美國人, simp. 华裔美国人, pin. Huáyì Měiguórén; t 美籍華人, s 美籍华人, p Měijí Huárén) are Americans of Chinese – particularly Han Chinese – descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans. Many Chinese Americans are immigrants along with their descendants from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, as well as Malaysia, Singapore, and other countries in Southeast Asia and South America that include large populations of Chinese diaspora. Overall demographic research tends to include immigrants from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese who have immigrated from South East Asia into the broadly defined Chinese American category as both the governments of the Republic of China and the United States refer Taiwanese Americans as a separate subgroup of Chinese Americans.
The Chinese American community is the largest overseas Chinese community in North America, closely followed by the Chinese communities in Canada and Mexico. It is also the fourth largest in the Chinese diaspora, behind the Chinese communities in Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The Chinese American community is the largest ethnic group of Asian Americans, comprising 25.9% of the Asian American population as of 2010. They constitute 1.2% of the United States, including those with partial Chinese ancestry. According to the 2010 census, the Chinese American population numbered approximately 3.8 million.
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Clymer Wright
Clymer Lewis Wright. Jr. (July 24, 1932 – January 24, 2011) was a Texas conservative political activist and a crusading journalist later credited with bringing term limits to Houston municipal government and encouraging Ronald W. Reagan to seek the American presidency.
A veteran of the United States Army in the Korean War, Wright was active in the Baptist Church and in the alumni association of his alma mater, the University of Southern Mississippi in Hattiesburg, Mississippi.
During the middle 1950s, as owner and editor of the Fort Bend Reporter in Rosenberg, Texas, Wright survived death threats targeting himself as well as his family, but he joined with state authorities and the Texas Rangers to rid Galveston and Fort Bend County, outside Houston, of organized crime, including brothels and illegal gambling casinos. Wright sold the Fort Bend Reporter as early as 1957. After further changes of ownership, on August 27, 2005, it assumed the name, the Fort Bend Herald and Texas Coaster.
Wright later published a second conservative newspaper, the Houston Tribune.
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César Pelli
César Pelli (born October 12, 1926) is an Argentine American architect known for designing some of the world's tallest buildings and other major urban landmarks. In 1991, the American Institute of Architects (AIA) listed Pelli among the ten most influential living American architects. His many awards include the 1995 AIA Gold Medal which recognizes a body of work of lasting influence on the theory and practice of architecture. Perhaps his most famous work are the Petronas Twin Towers, which were for a time the world's tallest buildings. He also designed the World Financial Center complex in downtown Manhattan, next to the since-fallen World Trade Center.
After studying architecture at the Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Pelli completed his studies at the School of Architecture at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He started his career in the New Haven offices of architect Eero Saarinen.
He emigrated to the United States in 1952 and became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1964. He married Diana Balmori, a renowned landscape and urban designer. They had two children: Denis, a neurobiologist and Professor of Psychology and Neural Science at New York University and Rafael, also a renowned architect.
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Filipino American
Filipino Americans are Americans of Filipino ancestry, including those who migrated from the Philippines. There are over 3.4 million people of Filipino descent residing in the United States, according to the 2010 United States Census. Filipino Americans make up about 1.1% of the country's population and making them the second largest Asian American subgroup. The Philippines is also one of the major sources of immigration into the United States.
The term Filipino American is sometimes shortened to "Fil-Ams", or "Pinoy". Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by the early Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines.
Filipinos in what is now the United States were first documented in the 16th century, with small settlements beginning in the 18th century. Mass migration did not begin until the early 20th Century when the Philippines was ceded by Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris. The Philippines' independence recognized by the United States on July 4, 1946. Immigration was reduced significantly during the 1930s, except for those who served in the United States Navy, and increased following immigration reform in the 1960s.
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Ima Hogg
Ima Hogg (July 10, 1882 – August 19, 1975), known as "The First Lady of Texas", was an American philanthropist, patron and collector of the arts, and one of the most respected women in Texas during the 20th century. Hogg was an avid art collector, and owned works by Picasso, Klee, and Matisse, among others. Hogg donated hundreds of pieces of artwork to Houston's Museum of Fine Arts and served on a committee to plan the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. An enthusiastic collector of early American antiques, she also served on a committee tasked with locating historical furniture for the White House. She restored and refurbished several properties, including the Varner plantation and Bayou Bend, which she later donated to Texas arts and historical institutions who maintain the facilities and their collections today. Hogg received numerous awards and honors, including the Louise E. du Pont Crowninshield Award from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Santa Rita Award from the University of Texas System, and an honorary doctorate in fine arts from Southwestern University.
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Indian American
Indian Americans are Americans whose ancestral roots lie in India. The U.S. Census Bureau uses the term Asian Indian to avoid confusion with the indigenous peoples of the Americas commonly referred to as American Indians.
In North America, the term Indian has an ambiguous meaning. In the western hemisphere, historically and currently, Indian has been commonly used to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. Qualifying terms such as American Indian and East Indian were and are commonly used to avoid ambiguity.
While East Indian remains in use, South Asian is often chosen instead. The U.S. government coined Native American to refer to the indigenous peoples of the United States, but American Indian remains popular among the indigenous and general populations.
People of Indian origin often prefer the term Desi to refer to the diasporic subculture of South Asians. Indian Americans are categorized as Asian Indian (and more broadly, Asian American) by the United States Census Bureau.
It was after the Luce–Celler Act of 1946, that Indian Americans were restored naturalization rights in the United States. A number of Indian Americans came to the U.S. via Indian communities in other countries such as the United Kingdom and Canada, in both of which 2% of the population is currently of Indian origin,Mauritius, nations of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia and Singapore, South Africa, Suriname, Guyana, Fiji, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Trinidad & Tobago, and Jamaica.
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James Sanders Holman
James Sanders Holman (1804–1867) became the first mayor of Houston, Texas in 1837. He served as mayor until 1838.
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Japanese American
Japanese Americans (日系米国人, Nikkei Beikokujin?) are American people of Japanese heritage. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades, it have become the sixth largest group at roughly 1,304,286, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity. In the 2000 census, the largest Japanese American communities were found in California with 394,896, Hawaii with 296,674, Washington with 56,210, New York with 45,237, and Illinois with 27,702.
People from Japan began migrating to the U.S. in significant numbers following the political, cultural, and social changes stemming from the 1868 Meiji Restoration. Particularly after the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Japanese immigrants were sought by industrialists to replace the Chinese immigrants. In 1907, the "Gentlemen's Agreement" between the governments of Japan and the U.S. ended immigration of Japanese workers (i.e., men), but permitted the immigration of spouses of Japanese immigrants already in the U.S. The Immigration Act of 1924 banned the immigration of all but a token few Japanese.
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Joe Adame
Joseph Anthony Adame (born October 20, 1945) is the current mayor of Corpus Christi, Texas.
He was born to Gumercinda and Cayatanio Adame in Spohn Hospital in Corpus Christi TX.
He graduated from Corpus Christi Academy in 1963, then attended Del Mar College in 1964. In 1969, he graduated from Sam Houston State with a Bachelor of Business Administration.
In 1970 he became a licensed Texas real estate broker, and now runs Joe Adame & Associates, a commercial real estate brokerage.
He has served as a past member on the Texas Real Estate Advisory Board at Texas A&M University – College Station, then chairman from 1997–2006.
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John Burgee
John Burgee is an American architect noted for his contributions to Postmodern architecture. He was a partner of Philip Johnson from 1967 to 1991, creating together the partnership firm Johnson/Burgee Architects. Their landmark collaborations included Pennzoil Place in Houston and the AT&T World Headquarters in New York. Burgee eased Johnson out of the firm in 1991, and when it subsequently went bankrupt, Burgee's design career was essentially over. Burgee is retired, and resides in California.
Burgee graduated from the School of Architecture at the University of Notre Dame in 1956, and served on the university's Board of Trustees from 1988 until 2006, when he was named trustee emeritus, and on the School of Architecture's Advisory Council from 1982. He also served on the boards of the Architectural League of New York, Lenox Hill Hospital, Columbia University’s Master of Sciences Program in Real Estate Development, the Parsons School of Design, and the Friends of the Upper East Side Historic District, and was the co-chairman of the Architectural Committee of the Statue of Liberty/Ellis Island Centennial Commission. For the Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies, Burgee was president and chairman.
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John Kirby Allen
John Kirby Allen (1810–1838) was born in Canasareaugh, near Syracuse in the U.S. state of New York. He, along with his older brother, Augustus Chapman Allen, founded Houston, Texas in 1836. John Kirby Allen was never married. He died of congestive fever on August 15, 1838, and was buried at Founders Cemetery in Houston.
When he was seven years old, John took his first job, as a bellboy in a hotel in Orrville. Three years later, he started working as a clerk in a retail shop. At sixteen, he formed a partnership with a friend operating a hat store at Chittenango, New York, where his brother, Augustus Chapman Allen, was professor of mathematics. In 1827, John cashed in his interest in the hat store and followed his brother to New York City, where they were investors in H. and H. Canfield Company until 1832. The brothers then moved to Texas.
The Allen brothers arrived first in Galveston, Texas and then moved to the small town of Saint Augustine. In 1833, John Allen and his brother associated with a group of entrepreneurs in Nacogdoches and started operating a business as land speculators.
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Julian Castro
Julián Castro (born September 16, 1974) is an American politician and the current Mayor of San Antonio, Texas.
Castro was born in San Antonio on September 16, 1974. He is the twin brother of Joaquín Castro, both graduates from Thomas Jefferson High School (San Antonio, TX). He graduated in 1996 from Stanford University, majoring in political science and communications. He said he began thinking about entering politics while at Stanford. He later graduated from Harvard Law School. His brother graduated from both schools with him.
Castro served on the San Antonio City Council from 2001 to 2005, representing District 7. He sought to establish himself as a leader on issues of economic development, education, and environmental protection. Castro ran for Mayor of San Antonio in 2005 and was widely viewed as the front runner in a field that also included retired judge Phil Hardberger and conservative city councilman Carroll Schubert. While Castro received a plurality of the vote in the May 2005 election, he was narrowly defeated by Hardberger in the June 2005 runoff.
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Korean American
Korean Americans (Korean: 한국계 미국인, Hanja: 韓國系美國人, Hangukgye Migukin) are Americans of Korean descent, mostly from South Korea, with a small minority from North Korea. The Korean American community comprises about 0.6% of the United States population, or about 1.7 million people, and is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup, after the Chinese American, Filipino American, Indian American, and Vietnamese American communities. The U.S. is home to the second largest Korean diaspora community in the world after the People's Republic of China.
While people living in North Korea cannot leave or emigrate from their country with rare exceptions, there are numbers of people of North Korean origin living in the U.S., primarily those who fled to the south during the Korean War and then later migrated to the United States. Also, since the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 allowed North Korean defectors to be admitted as refugees, about 130 have settled in the U.S. under that status.
According to the 2010 Census, there were approximately 1.7 million people of Korean descent residing in the United States, making it the country with the second largest Korean population living outside Korea (after the People's Republic of China). The ten states with the largest estimated Korean American populations were California (452,000; 1.2%), New York (141,000, 0.7%), New Jersey (94,000, 1.1%), Virginia (71,000, 0.9%), Texas (68,000, 0.3%), Washington (62,400, 0.9%), Illinois (61,500, 0.5%), Georgia (52,500, 0.5%), Maryland (49,000, 0.8%), and Pennsylvania (41,000, 0.3%). Hawaii was the state with the highest concentration of Korean Americans, at 1.8%, or 23,200 people.
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Lee Leffingwell
Shelly Lee Leffingwell (born October 13, 1939) is the current mayor of Austin, Texas. He was first elected as an Austin city council member in 2005, won re-election in 2008, and was elected mayor in 2009. He was reelected to a second three year term on May 12, 2012 with over 52% of the vote.
Leffingwell is a native of Austin and a retired airline pilot. He graduated from the University of Texas with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, then became an officer and pilot in the United States Navy. After spending five years on active duty, including Vietnam service, Leffingwell left active duty and joined the Navy Reserves, completing a total of 20 years military service. He was a pilot and Captain for Delta Air Lines for almost 32 years, ending his airline career as an international Boeing 767 and MD-11 Captain.
Leffingwell served for more than five years as a consensus appointee to the City of Austin's Environmental Board and was elected by his peers as Chair for the last four of those years.
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Mike Rawlings
Mike Rawlings is the Mayor of Dallas after winning the Dallas Mayoral Election defeating former Dallas Police Chief, David Kunkle. He is also the former CEO of Pizza Hut.
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Pacific Islander
Pacific Islander (or Pacific person; pl: Pacific people; also Oceanic person/people(s) or Oceanians), is a geographic phrase to describe the indigenous inhabitants of any of the three major sub-regions of Oceania: Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia.
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, these three regions, together with their islands, consist of:
Polynesia: The islands scattered across a tangle covering the east-central region of the Pacific Ocean. The triangle is bounded by the Hawaiian islands in the north, New Zealand in the west, and Easter Island in the east. The rest of Polynesia comprises Samoan islands (American Samoa and Samoa), the Cook Islands, French Polynesia (Tahiti and The Society Islands, Marquesas Islands, Austral Islands, and the Tuamotu Archipelago), Niue Island, Tokelau and Tuvalu, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, and Pitcairn Island.
Melanesia: The island of New Guinea, the Bismarck and Louisiade archipelagos, the Admiralty Islands, and Bougainville Island (which make up the independent state of Maluku, Papua New Guinea), the Solomon Islands, the Santa Cruz Islands (part of the Solomon Islands), New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands, Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides), Fiji, Norfolk Island, and various smaller islands.
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Pakistani American
A Pakistani American is any citizen or resident of the United States who has Pakistani heritage.
Muslim immigrants from areas that are now part of Pakistan have been migrating to America and first entered the United States as early as the eighteenth century, working in agriculture, logging, and mining in the western states of California, Oregon, and Washington. The passage of the Luce-Celler Act of 1946 allowed these immigrants to acquire U.S. citizenship through naturalization. Between 1947 and 1965, only 2,500 Pakistani immigrants entered the United States; most of them were students who chose to settle in the United States after graduating from American universities, according to reports from the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. This marked the beginning of a distinct 'Pakistani' community in America. However after President Lyndon Johnson signed the INS Act of 1965 into law, eliminating per-country immigration quotas and introducing immigration on the basis of professional experience and education, the number of Pakistanis immigrating to USA increased dramatically. By 1990, the U.S. Census bureau indicated that there were about 100,000 Pakistani Americans in the United States and by 2005 their population had grown to 210,000.
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Phil Dyer
Phil Dyer (born July 6, 1951) is the current and 37th mayor of Plano, Texas. He was elected in 2009.
He has a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Texas at Austin in 1973. He received his Masters of Business Administration from East Texas State University in 1981. Dyer served on several local boards and committees starting in 1984 and was in the Plano City Council from 1999 through 2005. He is also the president of LegacyTexas Bank.
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Philip Johnson
Philip Cortelyou Johnson (July 8, 1906 – January 25, 2005) was an influential American architect.
In 1930, he founded the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, and later (1978), as a trustee, he was awarded an American Institute of Architects Gold Medal and the first Pritzker Architecture Prize, in 1979. He was a student at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Johnson died in his sleep while at the Glass House retreat. He was survived by his life partner of 45 years, David Whitney, who died later that year at age 66.
Johnson was born in Cleveland, Ohio. He was descended from the Jansen (a.k.a. Johnson) family of New Amsterdam, and included among his ancestors the Huguenot Jacques Cortelyou, who laid out the first town plan of New Amsterdam for Peter Stuyvesant. He attended the Hackley School, in Tarrytown, New York, and then studied at Harvard University as an undergraduate, where he focused on history and philosophy, particularly the work of the Pre-Socratic philosophers. Johnson interrupted his education with several extended trips to Europe. These trips became the pivotal moment of his education; he visited Chartres, the Parthenon, and many other ancient monuments, becoming increasingly fascinated with architecture.
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Pope John Paul II
Blessed Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP. II, Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan Paweł II), born Karol Józef Wojtyła (Polish: [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛf vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920, Wadowice, Republic of Poland – 2 April 2005, Apostolic Palace, Vatican City), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 1978 until his death in 2005. He was the second-longest serving Pope in history and the first non-Italian since 1523.
John Paul II was acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the 20th century. He was instrumental in ending communism in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. Though criticised by progressives for upholding the Church's teachings against artificial contraception and the ordination of women, and by traditionalists for his support of the Church's Second Vatican Council and its reform, he was also widely praised for his firm, orthodox Catholic stances.
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Robert Cluck
Dr. Robert Cluck, M.D., (born March 20, 1939) is the current mayor of Arlington, Texas, and a former obstetrician-gynecologist. He was elected to the office of Mayor of the City of Arlington in May 2003 after serving two terms on the City Council. He represented Council District 4.
Cluck is currently the Vice President for Medical Affairs at Arlington Memorial Hospital, a position he has held since 2002. Prior to that, he was the Medical Director at Arlington Memorial Hospital and Harris Methodist Health Plan.
From 1971 to 1994, Cluck was in private practice as an Obstetrician-Gynecologist in Arlington. After receiving his medical training from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dr. Robert Cluck served in the U.S. Air Force for two years, serving during the Vietnam War as a general medical officer at Clark Air Force Base in the Philippines.
He currently serves on many boards and commissions including the Arlington Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors, the Texas Municipal League Board of Directors, the University of Texas Metroplex Council, and the Workforce Solutions Workforce Governing Board.
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Sam Houston
Samuel "Sam" Houston (March 2, 1793–July 26, 1863), was a nineteenth-century American statesman, politician, and soldier. He was born in Timber Ridge in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, of Scots-Irish descent. Houston became a key figure in the history of Texas and was elected as the first and third President of the Republic of Texas, U.S. Senator for Texas after it joined the United States, and finally as a governor of the state. He refused to swear loyalty to the Confederacy when Texas seceded from the Union in 1861 with the outbreak of the American Civil War, and was removed from office. To avoid bloodshed, he refused an offer of a Union army to put down the Confederate rebellion. Instead, he retired to Huntsville, Texas, where he died before the end of the Civil War.
His earlier life included migration to Tennessee from Virginia, time spent with the Cherokee Nation (into which he later was adopted as a citizen and took a wife), military service in the War of 1812, and successful participation in Tennessee politics. Houston is the only person in U.S. history to have been the governor of two different states (although other men had served as governors of more than one American territory).
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Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt ( /ˈroʊzəvɛlt/ ROH-zə-velt; October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919) was the 26th President of the United States of America (1901–1909). He is noted for his exuberant personality, range of interests and achievements, and his leadership of the Progressive Movement, as well as his "cowboy" persona and robust masculinity. He was a leader of the Republican Party and founder of the short-lived Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party of 1912. Before becoming President, he held offices at the city, state, and federal levels. Roosevelt's achievements as a naturalist, explorer, hunter, author, and soldier are as much a part of his fame as any office he held as a politician. Roosevelt was 42 years old when sworn in as President of the United States in 1901, making him the youngest president ever; he beat out the youngest elected president, John F. Kennedy, by only one year. Roosevelt was also one of only three sitting presidents to have won the Nobel Peace Prize, the other two being Woodrow Wilson and Barack Obama.
wn.com/Theodore_Roosevelt -
Vietnamese American
A Vietnamese American (Vietnamese: Người Mỹ gốc Việt) is an American of Vietnamese descent. They make up about half of all overseas Vietnamese (Người Việt Hải Ngoại) and are the fourth-largest Asian American group.
Mass Vietnamese immigration to the United States started after 1975, after the end of the Vietnam War. Early immigrants were refugee boat people fleeing persecution or poverty. Forced to flee from their homeland and often thrust into poor urban neighborhoods, these newcomers have nevertheless managed to establish strong communities in a short amount of time. More than sixty percent of Vietnamese Americans reside in the states of California, Texas, Washington, Florida, and Virginia.
As a relatively recent immigrant group, most Vietnamese Americans are either first- or second-generation Americans. They have the lowest distribution of people with more than one race among the major Asian American groups. As many as one million people who are five years and older speak Vietnamese at home—making it the seventh-most spoken language in the United States. As refugees, Vietnamese Americans have some of the highest rates of naturalization. In the 2006 American Community Survey, 72% of foreign-born Vietnamese are naturalized US citizens; this combined with the 36% who are born in the United States makes 82% of them United States citizen in total. Of those born outside the United States, 46.5% entered before 1990, 38.8% between 1990 and 2000, and 14.6% entered after 2000.
wn.com/Vietnamese_American -
Virginia DuPuy
Virginia DuPuy was from 2005 until 2010 the mayor of Waco, Texas. She attends Central Presbyterian Church and is also the CEO of DuPuy Oxygen, a Waco-based company. She is married to Les DuPuy.
DuPuy received both her Bachelor of Arts from Baylor University in 1957 and her Master of Arts degree in 1961 from Baylor as well.
She married Leslie Carr DuPuy, Jr. in 1959.
Dupuy was reelected mayor in a landslide election in May 2008 in which she received over six times as many votes as the challenger. After re-election, DuPuy expressed her plans for the upcoming years as mayor to the Waco Tribune-Herald:
“I’m looking forward to another two years and being a part of what’s going on in Waco. I plan on seeing continued development in downtown Waco and along the Brazos River Corridor. I’m looking forward to the overall development plans from the dam back up to the mammoth site. We hope to get started on that this year.”
She said she sees opportunities for the city to work with local colleges and hospitals to help develop a biotechnology industry in Waco.
wn.com/Virginia_DuPuy -
Woodrow Wilson
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913. Running against Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party candidate Theodore Roosevelt and Republican candidate William Howard Taft, Wilson was elected President as a Democrat in 1912.
In his first term as President, Wilson persuaded a Democratic Congress to pass major progressive reforms. Historian John M. Cooper argues that, in his first term, Wilson successfully pushed a legislative agenda that few presidents have equaled, and remained unmatched up until the New Deal. This agenda included the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Farm Loan Act and an income tax. Child labor was curtailed by the Keating–Owen Act of 1916, but the U.S. Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional in 1918. He also had Congress pass the Adamson Act, which imposed an 8-hour workday for railroads. Wilson, after first sidestepping the issue, became a major advocate for the women's suffrage.
wn.com/Woodrow_Wilson -
World War I
World War I (WWI), which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939 (World War II), and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918. It involved all the world's great powers, which were assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (based on the Triple Entente of the United Kingdom, France and Russia) and the Central Powers (originally centred around the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; but, as Austria–Hungary had taken the offensive against the agreement, Italy did not enter into the war). These alliances both reorganised (Italy fought for the Allies), and expanded as more nations entered the war. Ultimately more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, largely because of enormous increases in lethality of weapons, thanks to new technology, without corresponding improvements in protection or mobility. It was the sixth-deadliest conflict in world history, subsequently paving the way for various political changes such as revolutions in the nations involved.
wn.com/World_War_I
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Pride
- Truth Slips
- Hold On
- I'm Alive
- One Chance
- Give Me Back My Heart
- Misery
- She's a Mystery
- Now
- 1000 Songs
- Under Your Skin
- Chasing the Dream
- It's Already Written, Part 1
- I Like That
- Twizala (intro)
- Twizala
- Ain't Nothing Wrong
- My Promise
- Keep It on the Low
- What You Say
- Love You Down
- Allright
- Bye Bye Love
- Didn't Give a Damn (interlude)
- Didn't Give a Damn
- She Is
- It's Already Written, Part 2 (Thunder)
- Dumb Rock 2
- It's a Shame
- Chicken Little
- Intro
- Home for the Holidays
- Our Puffy Little Lives
- The Day She Cracked
- I'm a Girl
- Heave
- The Time of the Fall of Love
- True Love Forever
- Dumb Rock 1
- Weathervane
- Part One
- Big Three
- This Lousy Picture I Took
- Waves
- I'm Not Sayin' (I'm Just Sayin')
- Ugly Tree
- #12 Looks Just Like You
- Caeser, Nero, Next
- An Alternative to Sleep
- Water
- Ditty One
- Buddy
- Romp
- Sex, Guns and Ear Protection
- Waves
- Let's Use All the Hangers
- Cover
- How Was Your Day
- Banner Year
- Peddel (Sic)
- Nine
- Sunday in December
- Ocean
- Keith Moon
- Intermission - Let's Go to the Kitchen
- Sunrise
- Overhead
- Bender
- [untitled]
- We're Not Done Yet
- The Weather
- Old 61
- 17
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Houston, Texas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
When most people think of Houston, Texas they think of oil, banking and big business and while this is true, Houston is also a very hip, fun, cool town with lots of entertainment day and night.To top it off, people are very friendly. A special thanks to the Greater Houston Convention and Visitor's Bureau. Check this and other great vacation features on the internet's first travel network: www.hooligantv.com
http://wn.com/Houston,_Texas
When most people think of Houston, Texas they think of oil, banking and big business and while this is true, Houston is also a very hip, fun, cool town with lots of entertainment day and night.To top it off, people are very friendly. A special thanks to the Greater Houston Convention and Visitor's Bureau. Check this and other great vacation features on the internet's first travel network: www.hooligantv.com
Houston TX Night Freeway Tour
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:28
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
video follows us-59 to i-610 west loop to us-290 nw freeway . then to i-45s north freeway in the woodlands texas through the northern metro to us-59 tx 288 south of downtown houston
http://wn.com/Houston_TX_Night_Freeway_Tour
video follows us-59 to i-610 west loop to us-290 nw freeway . then to i-45s north freeway in the woodlands texas through the northern metro to us-59 tx 288 south of downtown houston
- published: 14 Feb 2010
- views: 94193
- author: ScrewdUPClickV2
Houston TX -- Texaplex
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Updated: 29 Jan 2013
If you're considering moving to Houston and would like free relocation package, please call Better Homes and Gardens at 1-800-836-4374. Visit texaplex.com for more videos and information about the Texaplex and the great state of Texas! If you'd like a branded version of this video for your business (with a pre-roll and post-roll ad, as well as your logo watermark), visit texaplex.com Photo Credits (for Creative Commons licensed photos) are here: www.texaplex.com
http://wn.com/Houston_TX_-_Texaplex
If you're considering moving to Houston and would like free relocation package, please call Better Homes and Gardens at 1-800-836-4374. Visit texaplex.com for more videos and information about the Texaplex and the great state of Texas! If you'd like a branded version of this video for your business (with a pre-roll and post-roll ad, as well as your logo watermark), visit texaplex.com Photo Credits (for Creative Commons licensed photos) are here: www.texaplex.com
- published: 25 Jan 2010
- views: 68700
- author: Texaplex
Uptown Houston, Texas At Night
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:42
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
video tours the central area of uptown houston , a skyrise area located west of town with some unique architecture and upscale shopping and dining . shows the willaims tower the 4th tallest building in texas , the famous galleria one of americas biggest malls ,
http://wn.com/Uptown_Houston,_Texas_At_Night
video tours the central area of uptown houston , a skyrise area located west of town with some unique architecture and upscale shopping and dining . shows the willaims tower the 4th tallest building in texas , the famous galleria one of americas biggest malls ,
- published: 29 Aug 2010
- views: 29645
- author: ScrewdUPClickV2
I-610 Houston,TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:53
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
video follows the legendary i-610 . you will not see more level 4 to 5 stacks along the route anywhere else on the interstate highway system .. the famous uptown skyline, the reliant staduim , and the houston ship channel bridge
http://wn.com/I-610_Houston,TX
video follows the legendary i-610 . you will not see more level 4 to 5 stacks along the route anywhere else on the interstate highway system .. the famous uptown skyline, the reliant staduim , and the houston ship channel bridge
- published: 02 Feb 2010
- views: 18683
- author: ScrewdUPClickV2
West Coast Swing Flash Mob 2010—Houston, TX—1080p HD!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Led by a pair of fearless pioneers on August 21st 2010, Damon & Lisa D'Amico of D'Amico Dance, hundreds of followers descended upon an unsuspecting Mall, Memorial City Mall, that is... With music in full swing, some of the best West Coast Swing dancers in Houston took the stage... Houston will never be the same. They quickly came together, for just a few minutes... they rocked the house to the amazement of on-lookers and just as it started they quickly disbanded, like the spell'd been broken... but we all know that we've only just begun. Edited by Robert Broussard, Enjoy! Notice there are two AWESOME HD (High-Definition) versions (720p & 1080p) that are not selected by default. For best results, play the HD versions by using the "Pop out" button. Let the video cache locally if necessary. Play it often and play it LOUD--the audio mix sounds great—especially with a glass of wine or two. :)
http://wn.com/West_Coast_Swing_Flash_Mob_2010—Houston,_TX—1080p_HD!
Led by a pair of fearless pioneers on August 21st 2010, Damon & Lisa D'Amico of D'Amico Dance, hundreds of followers descended upon an unsuspecting Mall, Memorial City Mall, that is... With music in full swing, some of the best West Coast Swing dancers in Houston took the stage... Houston will never be the same. They quickly came together, for just a few minutes... they rocked the house to the amazement of on-lookers and just as it started they quickly disbanded, like the spell'd been broken... but we all know that we've only just begun. Edited by Robert Broussard, Enjoy! Notice there are two AWESOME HD (High-Definition) versions (720p & 1080p) that are not selected by default. For best results, play the HD versions by using the "Pop out" button. Let the video cache locally if necessary. Play it often and play it LOUD--the audio mix sounds great—especially with a glass of wine or two. :)
- published: 31 Aug 2010
- views: 242286
- author: TheSwampDaddy
Enter Shikari - 'Quelle Surprise' - Live in Houston, Tx.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Test drive of new song 'Quelle Surprise' live from The Warehouse, Houston, Texas on the 18th March 2011. (Edited by Rou) For those complaining about the sound quality, it was recorded with a tiny mic on top of a camera. What do you expect? This isn't a music video... this isn't a professionally shot live video, there was no budget for this... This is us playing a new song and recording it so everyone can at least have some idea of what it's going to be like. This is DIY. Deal with it. Rou
http://wn.com/Enter_Shikari_'Quelle_Surprise'_Live_in_Houston,_Tx
Test drive of new song 'Quelle Surprise' live from The Warehouse, Houston, Texas on the 18th March 2011. (Edited by Rou) For those complaining about the sound quality, it was recorded with a tiny mic on top of a camera. What do you expect? This isn't a music video... this isn't a professionally shot live video, there was no budget for this... This is us playing a new song and recording it so everyone can at least have some idea of what it's going to be like. This is DIY. Deal with it. Rou
- published: 22 Mar 2011
- views: 136491
- author: AmbushReality
Oh My! Pocket Pies! (Houston, TX) : VendrTV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:23
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Normally, when I think of comfort food, it's all the stuff that's bad for me. So, when I discovered a locally sourced, mostly organic food truck serving comfort classics I was all over it. Oh My! Pocket Pies! serves homemade pie pockets that are deep fried until golden brown. And the flavors? Well, they're all classics grandma used to make! chicken pot pie, Sailsbury steak, even s'mores! To top it off, everything is eco friendly and bio degradable. They even compost all of their plates and bring them back to the farmers! Yum! Learn more at ohmypocketpies.com
http://wn.com/Oh_My!_Pocket_Pies!_Houston,_TX_VendrTV
Normally, when I think of comfort food, it's all the stuff that's bad for me. So, when I discovered a locally sourced, mostly organic food truck serving comfort classics I was all over it. Oh My! Pocket Pies! serves homemade pie pockets that are deep fried until golden brown. And the flavors? Well, they're all classics grandma used to make! chicken pot pie, Sailsbury steak, even s'mores! To top it off, everything is eco friendly and bio degradable. They even compost all of their plates and bring them back to the farmers! Yum! Learn more at ohmypocketpies.com
- published: 15 Sep 2010
- views: 5624
- author: HungryNation
The City of Houston, Texas 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
a video of the city of Houston. -Houston is the fourth-largest city in the United States and the largest city in the state of Texas. As of the 2009 US Census estimate, the city had a population of 2.2 million within an area of 600 square miles (1600 km). -Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. -Houston has the third tallest skyline in North America and one of the top 10 in the world. The city has a seven-mile (11 km) system of tunnels and sky-walks linking buildings in downtown which contain shops, restaurants, and convenience stores. This system enables pedestrians to avoid the summer heat and rain showers while walking from one building to another.
http://wn.com/The_City_of_Houston,_Texas_2010
a video of the city of Houston. -Houston is the fourth-largest city in the United States and the largest city in the state of Texas. As of the 2009 US Census estimate, the city had a population of 2.2 million within an area of 600 square miles (1600 km). -Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. -Houston has the third tallest skyline in North America and one of the top 10 in the world. The city has a seven-mile (11 km) system of tunnels and sky-walks linking buildings in downtown which contain shops, restaurants, and convenience stores. This system enables pedestrians to avoid the summer heat and rain showers while walking from one building to another.
- published: 16 Jun 2010
- views: 43896
- author: timosha21
RemoteKontrol Performing at Toyota Center (Houston TX)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:16
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
From October 30, 2010... RemoteKontrol performing at the toyota center in Houston, Texas... during half-time for the Houston Rockets vs Denver Nuggets game... Enjoy!
http://wn.com/RemoteKontrol_Performing_at_Toyota_Center_Houston_TX
From October 30, 2010... RemoteKontrol performing at the toyota center in Houston, Texas... during half-time for the Houston Rockets vs Denver Nuggets game... Enjoy!
- published: 01 Nov 2010
- views: 150584
- author: REM0TEKONTROL
Spring Texas ( TX ) - The Woodlands ~ Welcome To Spring Texas ~ Houston TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:37
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Spring Texas www.springtexas.com ~ Old Town Spring Texas 77386, 77381, 77383 Spring Texas | Spring Texas Review | Spring Texas Bonus | Spring Texas Hotel | Buy Spring Texas Spring Texas | Spring Texas Review | Spring Texas Software. Does Spring Texas Really Work? ~ Before you Buy Spring...
http://wn.com/Spring_Texas_TX_The_Woodlands_~_Welcome_To_Spring_Texas_~_Houston_TX
Spring Texas www.springtexas.com ~ Old Town Spring Texas 77386, 77381, 77383 Spring Texas | Spring Texas Review | Spring Texas Bonus | Spring Texas Hotel | Buy Spring Texas Spring Texas | Spring Texas Review | Spring Texas Software. Does Spring Texas Really Work? ~ Before you Buy Spring...
- published: 21 May 2011
- views: 9941
- author: macfabster
Radiohead: Identikit 2012-03-03 Houston TX US (HD center rail)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Updated: 22 Jan 2013
3rd strike from my hotel... may not work - then everything will have to wait till I'm home...
http://wn.com/Radiohead_Identikit_2012-03-03_Houston_TX_US_HD_center_rail
3rd strike from my hotel... may not work - then everything will have to wait till I'm home...
- published: 04 Mar 2012
- views: 66335
- author: allbearsrule
Coffee & Cars sounds - September 2010 - Houston, TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:27
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Coffee & Cars. These are some of the cars at the event, there was a bigger turnout than last month. The white Vette almost ran us over, but look and you will see a red Viper that almost lost it too. Check out www.hightechcorvette.com Follow us on Facebook http
http://wn.com/Coffee_Cars_sounds_September_2010_Houston,_TX
Coffee & Cars. These are some of the cars at the event, there was a bigger turnout than last month. The white Vette almost ran us over, but look and you will see a red Viper that almost lost it too. Check out www.hightechcorvette.com Follow us on Facebook http
- published: 07 Sep 2010
- views: 55526
- author: hightechcorvette
Charice Sings Alone (Houston, TX)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Updated: 29 Jan 2013
Live in Houston, Texas
http://wn.com/Charice_Sings_Alone_Houston,_TX
Kiss - I Stole Your Love - Houston, Texas 09/01/77 -Rare Video!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
KISS I STOLE YOUR LOVE LIVE 1977 (houston the 1st night)
http://wn.com/Kiss_I_Stole_Your_Love_Houston,_Texas_09_01_77_-Rare_Video!!!
KISS I STOLE YOUR LOVE LIVE 1977 (houston the 1st night)
- published: 03 Jun 2007
- views: 49167
- author: REASONTOLIVE87
Jared Leto's After Show Acoustic "From Yesterday" Houston,TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
MORE @ WWW.MYSPACE.COM/SEVASTRA Jared Leto Playing an Acoustic Set for the fans who stayed hours after the Taste of Chaos Show to meet the band. Song - "From Yesterday" 3-05-07 Houston,Tx
http://wn.com/Jared_Leto's_After_Show_Acoustic_From_Yesterday_Houston,TX
MORE @ WWW.MYSPACE.COM/SEVASTRA Jared Leto Playing an Acoustic Set for the fans who stayed hours after the Taste of Chaos Show to meet the band. Song - "From Yesterday" 3-05-07 Houston,Tx
- published: 06 Mar 2007
- views: 134309
- author: Anthony Black
Linkin Park - Live in Texas 2003 (Full DVD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 68:29
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Houston, Texas / Irving, Texas Reliant Stadium / Texas Stadium 2nd August 2003 / 3rd August 2003 Summer Sanitarium - 'Live in Texas' DVD This show was taken from the official live DVD : ''Live in Texas'' Filmed in Houston,TX (02.08.2003) and Dallas/Irving, TX (03.08.2003) Setlist: 01. Don't Stay - 01:25 02. Somewhere I Belong - 04:34 03. Lying From You - 08:09 04. Papercut - 11:43 05. Points Of Authority - 14:50 06. Runaway - 18:16 07. Faint - 21:53 08. From The Inside - 24:43 09. Figure.09 - 27:45 10. With You - 31:36 11. By Myself - 34:56 12. P5hng Me A*wy - 40:17 13. Numb - 46:18 14. Crawling - 49:26 15. In The End - 53:13 16. A Place For My Head - 56:48 17. One Step Closer - 1:01:35 For more info check out the official Live Guide on lplive.net : Houston, TX : lplive.net Dallas/Irving, TX: lplive.net
http://wn.com/Linkin_Park_Live_in_Texas_2003_Full_DVD
Houston, Texas / Irving, Texas Reliant Stadium / Texas Stadium 2nd August 2003 / 3rd August 2003 Summer Sanitarium - 'Live in Texas' DVD This show was taken from the official live DVD : ''Live in Texas'' Filmed in Houston,TX (02.08.2003) and Dallas/Irving, TX (03.08.2003) Setlist: 01. Don't Stay - 01:25 02. Somewhere I Belong - 04:34 03. Lying From You - 08:09 04. Papercut - 11:43 05. Points Of Authority - 14:50 06. Runaway - 18:16 07. Faint - 21:53 08. From The Inside - 24:43 09. Figure.09 - 27:45 10. With You - 31:36 11. By Myself - 34:56 12. P5hng Me A*wy - 40:17 13. Numb - 46:18 14. Crawling - 49:26 15. In The End - 53:13 16. A Place For My Head - 56:48 17. One Step Closer - 1:01:35 For more info check out the official Live Guide on lplive.net : Houston, TX : lplive.net Dallas/Irving, TX: lplive.net
- published: 23 Mar 2012
- views: 230344
- author: PheonixLPLive220
Bootsy Collins - I'd Rather be with you
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:27
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Bootsy Collins LIVE Houston TX 1976
http://wn.com/Bootsy_Collins_I'd_Rather_be_with_you
Slim Thug FEAT. Paul Wall & ZRo - HOUSTON
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
MICHAEL ARTIS TEAMS UP WITH HOUSTON'S POWER HOUSE SLIM THUG PAUL WALL & ZRO TO CREATE A VISUAL FOR THE NEW HOUSTON TEXANS THEME SONG OFF SLIM THUG'S NEW MIX TAPE ENTITLED HOUSTON!!! DIRECTED BY MICHAEL ARTIS WWW.MICHAELARTISFILMS.COM FOLLOW ON TWITTER @MICHAEL_ARTIS @PAULWALLBABY @SLIMTHUGGA @ZROMOCITYDON
http://wn.com/Slim_Thug_FEAT_Paul_Wall_ZRo_HOUSTON
MICHAEL ARTIS TEAMS UP WITH HOUSTON'S POWER HOUSE SLIM THUG PAUL WALL & ZRO TO CREATE A VISUAL FOR THE NEW HOUSTON TEXANS THEME SONG OFF SLIM THUG'S NEW MIX TAPE ENTITLED HOUSTON!!! DIRECTED BY MICHAEL ARTIS WWW.MICHAELARTISFILMS.COM FOLLOW ON TWITTER @MICHAEL_ARTIS @PAULWALLBABY @SLIMTHUGGA @ZROMOCITYDON
- published: 06 Jan 2012
- views: 1134535
- author: Michael Artis
Downtown in H~Town (Houston, TX)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
I love to see Downtown in H~Town
http://wn.com/Downtown_in_H~Town_Houston,_TX
Army Drill For Martial Law Terrorizes Residents in Houston, TX
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
Jan. 28th abclocal.go.com This video may contain copyrighted material. Such material is made available for educational purposes only. This constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in Title 17 USC section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
http://wn.com/Army_Drill_For_Martial_Law_Terrorizes_Residents_in_Houston,_TX
Jan. 28th abclocal.go.com This video may contain copyrighted material. Such material is made available for educational purposes only. This constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in Title 17 USC section 107 of the US Copyright Law.
- published: 29 Jan 2013
- views: 38483
- author: selfownership1
Bill Hicks ★ The Early Years 1984 ★ at the ANNEX in Houston, Tx.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:49
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Bill Hicks, performance in the early years of 1984 at the Annex in Houston Texas FAIR USE NOTICE: This Video may contain copyrighted (©) material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available to advance understanding of ecological, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, moral, ethical, and social justice issues, etc. It is believed that this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 USC Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior general interest in receiving similar information for research and educational purposes. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use All comedy and filming production are the intellectual property of those listed. If you enjoy the comedy, please honor the rights of the owners to receive compensation for their gifts and effort - purchase their work.
http://wn.com/Bill_Hicks_★_The_Early_Years_1984_★_at_the_ANNEX_in_Houston,_Tx
Bill Hicks, performance in the early years of 1984 at the Annex in Houston Texas FAIR USE NOTICE: This Video may contain copyrighted (©) material the use of which has not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available to advance understanding of ecological, political, human rights, economic, democracy, scientific, moral, ethical, and social justice issues, etc. It is believed that this constitutes a 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 USC Section 107, this material is distributed without profit to those who have expressed a prior general interest in receiving similar information for research and educational purposes. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use All comedy and filming production are the intellectual property of those listed. If you enjoy the comedy, please honor the rights of the owners to receive compensation for their gifts and effort - purchase their work.
- published: 22 Jan 2011
- views: 27119
- author: princessdingling
MykFresh Performing "Strip Tease" in HOUSTON TX Oct 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Updated: 03 Feb 2013
MykFresh performs his new single "Strip Tease" in Houston, TX on Halloween weekend Oct 2012 on the South West side with Ju Promotions. For full show visit "LilRonny" channel. For All Booking 214-392-8696 / UrbanSouth@gmail.com / @CallMePookie (twitter) Label: FamLife Entertainment, LLC / @FamLife700 Twitter :: @MykFresh
http://wn.com/MykFresh_Performing_Strip_Tease_in_HOUSTON_TX_Oct_2012
MykFresh performs his new single "Strip Tease" in Houston, TX on Halloween weekend Oct 2012 on the South West side with Ju Promotions. For full show visit "LilRonny" channel. For All Booking 214-392-8696 / UrbanSouth@gmail.com / @CallMePookie (twitter) Label: FamLife Entertainment, LLC / @FamLife700 Twitter :: @MykFresh
- published: 05 Dec 2012
- views: 7314
- author: Mykfresh211
photo: AP / Manish
02 Feb 2013
NEW DELHI — A crowd of Tibetans came here to India’s capital last week, bearing flags and political banners and a bittersweet admixture of hope and despair. A grim countdown was under way. The number of Tibetans who have set themselves on fire to protest Chinese rule in Tibet had reached 99, one short of an anguished milestone. Enlarge This Image. Freetibet.org, via Associated Press ... Related ... Connect With Us on Twitter ... (Mr ... Mr ... ....(size: 10.7Kb)
photo: AP / Manu Brabo
01 Feb 2013
Hillary Clinton, the outgoing US secretary of state, has warned that Iran is stepping up its support for Syrian President Bashar al-Assad while Russia is continuing to send money and arms to the regime. Clinton on Thursday accused Tehran of sending into Syria "more personnel" to support and advise military security forces in their fight against the armed opposition ... "The Iranians have been actively involved from the very beginning ... ....(size: 19.0Kb)
photo: AP / Elise Amendola
02 Feb 2013
BOSTON. Harvard University said Friday it issued academic sanctions against about 60 students who were forced to withdraw from school for a period of time in a cheating scandal that involved the final exam in a class on Congress, drawing criticism from a high-profile alumnus. The school implicated as many as 125 students in the scandal when officials first addressed the issue last year. . ... . ... . ... ....(size: 5.1Kb)
photo: US Navy / MCS2 Matthew D. Leistikow
03 Feb 2013
At least 33 people were killed on Sunday after a suicide bomber and two gunmen attacked a police headquarters in Kirkuk, northern Iraq, official sources said, the third major attack in the region in several weeks. By News Wires (text). . A suicide bomber driving a car and gunmen disguised in police uniforms killed at least 33 people in the Iraqi city Kirkuk on Sunday when they tried to storm the police headquarters ... (REUTERS). IRAQ....(size: 8.5Kb)
photo: AP / Harouna Traore
02 Feb 2013
UNITED NATIONS. The United Nations expressed alarm Friday over reported mob lynchings and other reprisal killings of Tuaregs and Arabs as the Malian army retakes control of the north of the country. Adama Dieng, a special adviser to UN leader Ban Ki-moon on the prevention of genocide, said there have been "serious allegations" of summary executions by the Malian army, which could amount to "atrocity crimes." ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
The Examiner
04 Feb 2013
Judging by trends in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, chances for important rainfall will be increasing in Houston over the next two weeks ... It still seems likely that another important rain event will unfold over Houston and the western Gulf Coast around February 15 ... Larry Cosgrove, Houston Weather Examiner ... Houston TX And Vicinity Weather Forecast, Tuesday, November 22, 2011....(size: 7.2Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
04 Feb 2013
Enlightening New Book Reflects on Improving Relationships with People. Pearland, TX (PRWEB) February 03, 2013 Everyone is influenced by the different types relationships they have established with other people, otherwise known as our neighbors ... Dr ... About the Author ... Wade is a native of Chicago and an Associate Professor at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas ... He is currently living in the Houston area with his wife and son ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
04 Feb 2013
Experienced professionals will help staff learn new skills. Houston, TX (PRWEB) February 04, 2013 Seeing the need to improve customer service standards, MyFeePlan.com has initiated a mentorship program where senior staff members will help guide new hires to become experienced experts. “We are a growing company, and as such we are always bringing on new customer service professionals,” said company spokesman Josh Fraser ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
Universe Today
04 Feb 2013
Want to stay on top of all the space news? Follow @universetoday on Twitter. The largest fragment of meteorite NWA 7325 (Photo © Stefan Ralew / sr-meteorites.de) ... Remove this ad ... Irving’s team’s findings on NWA 7325 will be presented at the 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference to be held in Houston, TX, on March 18-22. Read more in this Sky & Telescope article by Kelly Beatty. Inset image ... '); } //--> Remove this ad....(size: 3.0Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
04 Feb 2013
Valentine's Day deals for watches are now online at the http.//www.watchesshop.org website. Special discounted pricing is now effect for the February 14th holiday and discounts of up to 80 percent off are now available for online purchases. Houston, TX (PRWEB) February 04, 2013 More than 4.1 billion dollars are spent during the holiday season in the U.S. and a large percentage of this amount is jewelry like watches. The Watches Shop Co ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)
The Examiner
04 Feb 2013
Underpaid, misunderstood, overworked, and unappreciated, that’s often how the average high school coach leaves from work ... Why? ... LaToya Easter-Gisentaner, Houston Adrenaline Junkie Examiner. Born and raised in Greenville, TX, a small town outside of Dallas, LaToya Easter-Gisentaner comes from a single parent household with two younger sisters. She played various sports growing up and attended the University of Houston Central Campus ... ....(size: 7.7Kb)
The Examiner
04 Feb 2013
Hot on the heels of her Super Bowl performance, pop star Beyonce announced the upcoming Mrs. Carter World Tour on Sunday. In a clip promoting the trek, the singer is dressed like a queen in regal attire. Beyonce performed some of her hits at this year's Super Bowl, which also included a brief on-stage reunion with Destiny's Child members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams ... Beyonce Mrs ... Carter World Tour trailer ... DALLAS, TX ... FT ... HOUSTON, TX....(size: 9.9Kb)
StreetInsider
04 Feb 2013
2013 Tour kicks off in Europe April 15th North American Tour Begins June 28th. Tweet. NEW YORK, Feb ... (Photo ... The tour will travel to over twenty cities throughout North America this summer, including Brooklyn, New York at the Barclays Center, Atlanta, Georgia, at the Gwinnett Center, Houston, Texas at the Toyota Center, Toronto, Ontario at Air Canada Centre, and Boston, Massachusetts at TD Garden ... The Mrs ... The Mrs ... Dallas, TX ... Houston, TX ... 9....(size: 12.7Kb)
Houston Chronicle
04 Feb 2013
Houston delegation should be standing in line to back city pension reform in Austin ... Houston Chronicle ... The city of Houston has a familiar errand at the top of its legislative agenda in 2013. tweaking state law to bring city of Houston firefighters' pension under greater local control through a process known as "meet and confer," similar to that agreed to by police and municipal employee pension boards ... Shame on the Houston delegation....(size: 14.4Kb)
TSN Canada
04 Feb 2013
San Antonio, TX (Sports Network) - San Antonio Spurs forward ......(size: 0.4Kb)
Houston Chronicle
04 Feb 2013
HOUSTON CHRONICLE ... The agency is based southeast of downtown Houston ... HOUSTON CHRONICLE. Subscribe to the Houston Chronicle and receive access to the Chronicle for iPad App ... HOUSTON CHRONICLE Copyright 2013 HOUSTON CHRONICLE ... Houston mural artist Daniel Anguilu ... LocalUS & WorldSportsBusinessEntertainmentLifestyleJobsCarsReal Estate The Houston Chronicle is the premier local news provider for the country's 4th largest city....(size: 9.6Kb)
Houston Chronicle
04 Feb 2013
Drugs might have been involved in a fatal crash on the North Freeway south of Tidwell Road Sunday morning, a Houston Police Department investigator said ... Subscribe to the Houston Chronicle and receive access to the Chronicle for iPad App ... Houston Chronicle Copyright 2013 Houston Chronicle ... The Houston Chronicle is owned by the Hearst Corporation ... Houston Chronicle ... Box 4260 Houston, Texas 77210–4260....(size: 8.8Kb)
Houston Chronicle
04 Feb 2013
Houston finally got its Super Bowl shot - and it had nothing to do with football ... Houston supergroup Destiny's Child hit the stage, looking and sounding spectacular, for a medley that included "Booty-licious" and "Independent Women." ... Subscribe to the Houston Chronicle and receive access to the Chronicle for iPad App ... Houston Chronicle Copyright 2013 Houston Chronicle ... New businesses in Houston ... Houston artist Daniel Anguilu....(size: 16.7Kb)
This article is about the U.S. city. For other uses, see Houston (disambiguation).
| Houston | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
| City of Houston | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname(s): Space City (official), more. . . | |||
 |
|||
 Houston
|
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| Coordinates: 29°45′46″N 95°22′59″W / 29.76278°N 95.38306°W / 29.76278; -95.38306Coordinates: 29°45′46″N 95°22′59″W / 29.76278°N 95.38306°W / 29.76278; -95.38306 | |||
| Country |  United States |
||
| State |  Texas |
||
| Counties | Harris, Fort Bend, and Montgomery | ||
| Incorporated | June 5, 1837 | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor–council | ||
| • Mayor | Annise Parker | ||
| Area | |||
| • City | 1,699.81 km2 (656.3 sq mi) | ||
| • Land | 1,642.05 km2 (634.0 sq mi) | ||
| • Water | 57.7 km2 (22.3 sq mi) | ||
| Elevation | 13 m (43 ft) | ||
| Population (2010 US Census)[1][2] | |||
| • City | 2,099,451(4th U.S.) | ||
| • Density | 1,505/km2 (3,623/sq mi) | ||
| • Urban | 3,822,509 (10th U.S.) | ||
| • Metro | 5,946,800 (5th U.S.) | ||
| • Demonym | Houstonian | ||
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ||
| Area code(s) | 713, 281, 832 | ||
| FIPS code | 48-35000[3] | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 1380948[4] | ||
| Website | houstontx.gov | ||
Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti [5]) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2).[1][6] Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.[7]
Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou.[8] It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.[9]
Rated as a global city, Houston's economy has a broad industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics, and transportation. It is also leading in health care sectors and building oilfield equipment; only New York City is home to more Fortune 500 headquarters.[10][11] The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled and second in total cargo tonnage handled.[12] The city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. It is home to many cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has an active visual and performing arts scene in the Theatre District and offers year-round resident companies in all major performing arts.[13]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Houston
See also: Historical events of Houston
In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs—Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen—from New York, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88 km2) of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city.[14] The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the popular general at the Battle of San Jacinto,[14] who was elected President of Texas in September 1836.
Houston was granted incorporation on June 5, 1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor.[15] In the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County (now Harris County) and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas.[16] In 1840, the community established a chamber of commerce in part to promote shipping and waterborne business at the newly created port on Buffalo Bayou.[17]
By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton.[16] Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston.[18] After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.
In 1900, after Galveston was struck by a devastating hurricane, efforts to make Houston into a viable deepwater port were accelerated.[19] The following year, oil discovered at the Spindletop oil field near Beaumont prompted the development of the Texas petroleum industry.[20] In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt approved a $1 million improvement project for the Houston Ship Channel. By 1910 the city's population had reached 78,800, almost doubling from a decade before. An integral part of the city were African Americans, who numbered 23,929 or nearly one-third of the residents.[21] They were developing a strong professional class based then in the Fourth Ward.
President Woodrow Wilson opened the deepwater Port of Houston in 1914, seven years after digging began. By 1930, Houston had become Texas's most populous city and Harris the most populous county.[22]
When World War II started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products during the war.[23] Ellington Field, initially built during World War I, was revitalized as an advanced training center for bombardiers and navigators.[24] The M.D. Anderson Foundation formed the Texas Medical Center in 1945. After the war, Houston's economy reverted to being primarily port-driven. In 1948, several unincorporated areas were annexed into the city limits, which more than doubled the city's size, and Houston proper began to spread across the region.[15][25]
In 1950, the availability of air conditioning provided impetus for many companies to relocate to Houston resulting in an economic boom and producing a key shift in the city's economy toward the energy sector.[26][27]
The increased production of the local shipbuilding industry during World War II spurred Houston's growth,[28] as did the establishment in 1961 of NASA's "Manned Spacecraft Center" (renamed the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in 1973), which created the city's aerospace industry. The Astrodome, nicknamed the "Eighth Wonder of the World",[29] opened in 1965 as the world's first indoor domed sports stadium.
During the late 1970s, Houston experienced a population boom as people from Rust Belt states moved to Texas in large numbers.[30] The new residents came for the numerous employment opportunities in the petroleum industry, created as a result of the Arab Oil Embargo.
The population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. The late 1980s saw a recession adversely affecting the city's economy.
Since the 1990s, as a result of the recession, Houston has made efforts to diversify its economy by focusing on aerospace and health care/biotechnology and by reducing its dependence on the petroleum industry. In 1997, Houstonians elected Lee P. Brown as the city's first African American mayor.[31]
In June 2001, Tropical Storm Allison dumped up to 40 inches (1,000 mm) of rain on parts of Houston, causing the worst flooding in the city's history; the storm cost billions of dollars in damage and killed 20 people in Texas.[32] By December of that same year, Houston-based energy company Enron collapsed into the third-largest ever U.S. bankruptcy during an investigation surrounding fabricated partnerships that were allegedly used to hide debt and inflate profits.
In August 2005, Houston became a shelter to more than 150,000 people from New Orleans who evacuated from Hurricane Katrina.[33] One month later, approximately 2.5 million Houston area residents evacuated when Hurricane Rita approached the Gulf Coast, leaving little damage to the Houston area. This was the largest urban evacuation in the history of the United States.[34][35]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Houston
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2); this comprises 634.0 square miles (1,642 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) of water.[36] Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain, and its vegetation is classified as temperate grassland and forest. Much of the city was built on forested land, marshes, swamp, or prairie, which are all still visible in surrounding areas. Flatness of the local terrain, when combined with urban sprawl, has made flooding a recurring problem for the city.[37] Downtown stands about 50 feet (15 m) above sea level,[38] and the highest point in far northwest Houston is about 125 feet (38 m) in elevation.[39][40] The city once relied on groundwater for its needs, but land subsidence forced the city to turn to ground-level water sources such as Lake Houston, Lake Conroe and Lake Livingston.[15][41] The city owns surface water rights for 1.2 billion gallons of water a day in addition to 150 million gallons a day worth of groundwater.[42]
Houston has four major bayous passing through the city. Buffalo Bayou runs through downtown and the Houston Ship Channel, and has three tributaries: White Oak Bayou, which runs through the Houston Heights community northwest of Downtown and then towards Downtown; Braes Bayou, which runs along the Texas Medical Center; and Sims Bayou, which runs through the south of Houston and downtown Houston. The ship channel continues past Galveston and then into the Gulf of Mexico.
Geology[link]
Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.[43][44]
The Houston area has over 150 active faults (estimated to be 300 active faults) with an aggregate length of up to 310 miles (500 km),[45][46][47] including the Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system which runs through the center of the city. There have been no significant historically recorded earthquakes in Houston, but researchers do not discount the possibility of such quakes having occurred in the deeper past, nor occurring in the future. Land in some communities southeast of Houston is sinking because water has been pumped out from the ground for many years. It may be associated with slip along the faults; however, the slippage is slow and not considered an earthquake, where stationary faults must slip suddenly enough to create seismic waves.[48] These faults also tend to move at a smooth rate in what is termed "fault creep",[41] which further reduces the risk of an earthquake.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Houston
Houston's climate is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa in Köppen climate classification system). While not necessarily part of "Tornado Alley" like much of the rest of Texas, Spring supercell thunderstorms do sometimes bring tornadoes to the area. Prevailing winds are from the south and southeast during most of the year, bringing heat across the continent from the deserts of Mexico and moisture from the Gulf of Mexico.[49]
During the summer months, it is common for the temperature to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 99 days per year above 90 °F (32 °C).[50] However, the humidity results in a heat index higher than the actual temperature. Summer mornings average over 90 percent relative humidity and approximately 60 percent in the afternoon.[51] Winds are often light in the summer and offer little relief, except near the immediate coast.[52] To cope with the heat, people use air conditioning in nearly every vehicle and building in the city; in 1980 Houston was described as the "most air-conditioned place on earth".[53] Scattered afternoon showers and thunderstorms are common in the summer. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Houston was 109 °F (43 °C) on September 4, 2000[2] and August 28, 2011.[3]
Winters in Houston are mild. The average high in January, the coldest month, is 63 °F (17 °C), while the average low is 43 °F (6 °C). Snowfall is very rare. Recent snow events in Houston include a storm on December 24, 2004 when one inch (2.5 cm) fell and more recent snowfalls on December 10, 2008. This was the earliest snowfall ever recorded in Houston. In addition, it set another milestone marking the first time in recorded history that snowfall has occurred in two consecutive years, and was the third accumulating snowfall occurring in the decade of 2000–2010. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Houston was 5 °F (−15 °C) on January 23, 1940.[54] Houston receives a high amount of rainfall annually, averaging about 50 inches a year. These rains tend to cause floods over portions of the city.
Houston has excessive ozone levels and is ranked among the most ozone-polluted cities in the United States.[55] Ground-level ozone, or smog, is Houston's predominant air pollution problem, with the American Lung Association rating the metropolitan area's ozone level as the 8th worst in the United States in 2011.[56] The industries located along the ship channel are a major cause of the city's air pollution.[57] Houston's air quality has been compared by the Citizens League for Environmental Action Now to Beijing and Los Angeles.[58]
| Climate data for Houston (George Bush Intercontinental Airport (KIAH)), 1981-2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 84 (29) |
91 (33) |
96 (36) |
95 (35) |
99 (37) |
105 (41) |
105 (41) |
109 (43) |
109 (43) |
99 (37) |
89 (32) |
85 (29) |
109 (43) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 62.9 (17.2) |
66.3 (19.1) |
73.0 (22.8) |
79.6 (26.4) |
86.3 (30.2) |
91.4 (33.0) |
93.7 (34.3) |
94.5 (34.7) |
89.7 (32.1) |
82.0 (27.8) |
72.5 (22.5) |
64.3 (17.9) |
79.68 (26.49) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 43.2 (6.2) |
46.5 (8.1) |
52.5 (11.4) |
59.4 (15.2) |
67.6 (19.8) |
73.5 (23.1) |
75.1 (23.9) |
74.8 (23.8) |
69.8 (21.0) |
60.9 (16.1) |
52.1 (11.2) |
44.6 (7.0) |
60.00 (15.56) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 5 (−15) |
6 (−14) |
21 (−6) |
31 (−1) |
44 (7) |
52 (11) |
62 (17) |
54 (12) |
45 (7) |
29 (−2) |
19 (−7) |
7 (−14) |
5 (−15) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 3.38 (85.9) |
3.20 (81.3) |
3.41 (86.6) |
3.31 (84.1) |
5.09 (129.3) |
5.93 (150.6) |
3.79 (96.3) |
3.76 (95.5) |
4.12 (104.6) |
5.70 (144.8) |
4.34 (110.2) |
3.74 (95) |
49.77 (1,264.2) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10 | 8 | 9 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 104 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 45 | 50 | 54 | 58 | 62 | 68 | 70 | 68 | 66 | 64 | 52 | 51 | 59 |
| Source no. 1: NOAA [59] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: Average Precip Days [60] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[link]
Further information: Geographic areas of Houston and List of Houston neighborhoods
Houston was incorporated in 1837 under the ward system of representation. The ward designation is the progenitor of the nine current-day Houston City Council districts. Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside the Interstate 610 Loop. The inside encompasses the central business district and many residential neighborhoods that predate World War II. More recently, high-density residential areas have been developed within the loop. The city's outlying areas, suburbs and enclaves are located outside of the loop. Beltway 8 encircles the city another 5 miles (8.0 km) farther out.
Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role.[61][62] Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that parking be available to tenants and customers. Such restrictions have had mixed results. Though some[62] have blamed the city's low density, urban sprawl, and lack of pedestrian-friendliness on these policies, the city's land use has also been credited with having significant affordable housing, sparing Houston the worst effects of the 2008 real estate crisis.[63] The city issued 42,697 building permits in 2008 and was ranked first in the list of healthiest housing markets for 2009.[64]
Voters rejected efforts to have separate residential and commercial land-use districts in 1948, 1962, and 1993. Consequently, rather than a single central business district as the center of the city's employment, multiple districts have grown throughout the city in addition to downtown which include Uptown, Texas Medical Center, Midtown, Greenway Plaza, Memorial City, Energy Corridor, Westchase, and Greenspoint.
Government and politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Houston
The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government.[65] Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan.[65][66] The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the city council.[67] The current mayor of Houston is Annise Parker, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot whose second term in office will expire at the end of 2013.[68] Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.[68]
The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979.[69] At-large council members represent the entire city.[67] Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, two additional districts were to be added.[70] The City of Houston's official 2010 census count was 600 shy of the required number; however, as the city was expected to grow beyond 2.1 million shortly thereafter, the two additional districts were added and the positions filled during the August 2011 elections. The districts are labeled A through K while the at-large positions are numbered 1 through 5.
The city controller is elected independently of the mayor and council. The controller's duties are to certify available funds prior to committing such funds and processing disbursements. The city's fiscal year begins on July 1 and ends on June 30. Ronald Green is the city controller, serving his first term as of January 2010.
As the result of a 1991 referendum in Houston, a mayor is elected for a two-year term, and can be elected to as many as three consecutive terms. The term limits were spearheaded by conservative political activist Clymer Wright.[71] The city controller and city council members are also subject to the same two-year, three-term limitations.
Houston is considered to be a politically divided city whose balance of power often sways between Republicans and Democrats. Much of the city's wealthier areas vote Republican, while the city's middle class, working class, and minority areas vote Democratic. According to the 2005 Houston Area Survey, 68 percent of non-Hispanic whites in Harris County are declared or favor Republicans while 89 percent of non-Hispanic blacks in the area are declared or favor Democrats. About 62 percent Hispanics (of any race) in the area are declared or favor Democrats.[72] The city has often been known to be the most politically diverse city in Texas, a state known for being generally conservative.[72] As a result the city is often a contested area in statewide elections.[72] In 2010, Houston became the first US city with a population over 1 million to elect a gay mayor, by appointing Annise Parker.
Economy[link]
| Top publicly traded companies in Houston for 2011 with Texas and U.S. ranks |
|||||
| Texas | Corporation | US | |||
| 2 | ConocoPhillips | 4 | |||
| 5 | Marathon Oil | 29 | |||
| 7 | Sysco | 67 | |||
| 8 | Enterprise Products Partners | 80 | |||
| 9 | Plains All American Pipeline | 99 | |||
| 14 | Halliburton | 144 | |||
| 17 | Baker Hughes | 170 | |||
| 19 | Waste Management, Inc | 196 | |||
| 20 | National Oilwell Varco | 202 | |||
| 23 | Apache Corporation | 206 | |||
| 25 | KBR | 242 | |||
| 29 | CenterPoint Energy | 279 | |||
| 32 | Kinder Morgan | 294 | |||
| 34 | Enbridge Energy Partners | 309 | |||
| 35 | Calpine | 349 | |||
| 38 | Cameron International | 375 | |||
| 39 | EOG Resources | 377 | |||
| 41 | Frontier Oil | 389 | |||
| 44 | Group 1 Automotive | 413 | |||
| 45 | Targa Resources | 416 | |||
| 46 | Spectra Energy | 441 | |||
| 48 | El Paso Energy | 481 | |||
| Notes | |||||
| Revenues for year ending 2010 | |||||
| Energy and oil (19 companies) | |||||
| Source: Fortune[73] | |||||
Main article: Economy of Houston
Further information: List of companies in Houston
Houston is recognized worldwide for its energy industry—particularly for oil and natural gas—as well as for biomedical research and aeronautics. Renewable energy sources—wind and solar—are also growing economic bases in Houston.[74][75] The ship channel is also a large part of Houston's economic base. Because of these strengths, Houston is designated as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network and by global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney.[11]
The Houston area is a leading center for building oilfield equipment.[76] Much of Houston's success as a petrochemical complex is due to its busy man-made ship channel, the Port of Houston.[77] The port ranks first in the United States in international commerce, and is the tenth-largest port in the world.[12][78] Unlike most places, high oil and gasoline prices are beneficial for Houston's economy as many of its residents are employed in the energy industry.[79]
The Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2010 was $385 billion, larger than Austria's, Poland's or Saudi Arabia's GDP.[80] Only 21 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceeding Houston's regional gross area product. Mining, which in Houston consists almost entirely of exploration and production of oil and gas, accounts for 26.3% of Houston's GAP, up sharply in response to high energy prices and a decreased worldwide surplus of oil production capacity; followed by engineering services, health services, and manufacturing.[81]
File:Houstonecon.jpg
A graph showing the major sectors of the Houston economy.[82]
The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston-area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit, and 24,000 local jobs generated.[83][84] This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the UH System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5 percent of graduates are still living and working in the region.[84]
In 2006, the Houston metropolitan area ranked first in Texas and third in the U.S. within the Category of "Best Places for Business and Careers" by Forbes magazine.[85] Foreign governments have established 92 consular offices in metropolitan Houston, the third highest in the nation.[86] Forty foreign governments maintain trade and commercial offices here and 23 active foreign chambers of commerce and trade associations.[87] Twenty-five foreign banks representing 13 nations operate in Houston, providing financial assistance to the international community.[88]
In 2008, Houston received top ranking on Kiplinger's Personal Finance Best Cities of 2008 list which ranks cities on their local economy, employment opportunities, reasonable living costs and quality of life.[89] The city ranked fourth for highest increase in the local technological innovation over the preceding 15 years, according to Forbes magazine.[90] In the same year, the city ranked second on the annual Fortune 500 list of company headquarters,[91] ranked first for Forbes Best Cities for College Graduates,[92] and ranked first on Forbes list of Best Cities to Buy a Home.[93] In 2010, the city was rated the best city for shopping, according to Forbes.[94]
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Houston
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 2,396 |
|
|
| 1860 | 4,845 | 102.2% | |
| 1870 | 9,332 | 92.6% | |
| 1880 | 16,513 | 77.0% | |
| 1890 | 27,557 | 66.9% | |
| 1900 | 44,633 | 62.0% | |
| 1910 | 78,800 | 76.6% | |
| 1920 | 138,276 | 75.5% | |
| 1930 | 292,352 | 111.4% | |
| 1940 | 384,514 | 31.5% | |
| 1950 | 596,163 | 55.0% | |
| 1960 | 938,219 | 57.4% | |
| 1970 | 1,232,802 | 31.4% | |
| 1980 | 1,595,138 | 29.4% | |
| 1990 | 1,630,553 | 2.2% | |
| 2000 | 1,953,631 | 19.8% | |
| 2010 | 2,099,451 | 7.5% | |
Houston is a multicultural city, in part because of its many academic institutions and strong industries as well as being a major port city. Over 90 languages are spoken in the city.[95] The city has among the youngest populations in the nation,[96][97][98] partly due to an influx of immigrants into Texas.[99] An estimated 400,000 illegal aliens reside in the Houston area.[100]
According to the 2010 Census, Whites made up 51% of Houston's population; 26% of the total population were non-Hispanic whites. Blacks or African Americans made up 24% of Houston's population. American Indians made up 0.7% of Houston's population. Asians made up 6% of Houston's population (1.7% Vietnamese, 1.3% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.9% Pakistani, 0.4% Filipino, 0.3% Korean, 0.1% Japanese), while Pacific Islanders made up 0.1%. Individuals from some other race made up 15.2% of the city's population, of which 0.2% were non-Hispanic. Individuals from two or more races made up 3.3% of the city's population. People of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 44% of Houston's population; 32% of Houston's population is of Mexican heritage; the next five Hispanic groups are those of Salvadoran, Honduran, Guatemalan, Colombian and Puerto Rican heritage, respectively.[101][102]
As of the 2000 Census, there were 1,953,631 people and the population density was 3,371.7 people per square mile (1,301.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 49.3% White, 25.3% African American, 5.3% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.5% from some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. In addition, Hispanics and Latinos made up 37.4% of Houston's population while non-Hispanic whites made up 30.8%,[103] down from 62.4% in 1970.[104]
The median income for a household in the city was $37,000, and the median income for a family was $40,000. Males had a median income of $32,000 versus $27,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,000. Nineteen percent of the population and 16 percent of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 26% of those under the age of 18 and 14% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Houston
See also: Nicknames of Houston, List of events in Houston, List of people raised in Houston, and Sister cities of Houston
Houston is a diverse city with a large and growing international community.[105] The metropolitan area is home to an estimated 1.1 million (21.4 percent) residents who were born outside the United States, with nearly two-thirds of the area's foreign-born population from south of the United States–Mexico border.[106] Additionally, more than one in five foreign-born residents are from Asia.[106] The city is home to the nation’s third-largest concentration of consular offices, representing 86 countries.[107]
Many annual events celebrate the diverse cultures of Houston. The largest and longest running is the annual Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, held over 20 days from late February to early March, which happens to be the largest annual livestock show and rodeo anywhere in the world.[108] Another large celebration is the annual night-time Houston Pride Parade, held at the end of June.[109] Other annual events include the Houston Greek Festival,[110] Art Car Parade, the Houston Auto Show, the Houston International Festival,[111] and the Bayou City Art Festival, which is considered to be one of the top five art festivals in the United States.[112][113]
Houston received the official nickname of "Space City" in 1967 because it is the location of NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. Other nicknames often used by locals include "Bayou City," "Magnolia City,", "New Houston" a 2005 Reference to The New Orleans natives who left New Orleans during the Hurricane Katrina catastrophe and help contribute to a rich black culture in Houston Texas and "H-Town."
Arts and theatre[link]
The Houston Theater District, located downtown, is home to nine major performing arts organizations and six performance halls. It is the second-largest concentration of theater seats in a downtown area in the United States.[114][115][116] Houston is one of few United States cities with permanent, professional, resident companies in all major performing arts disciplines: opera (Houston Grand Opera), ballet (Houston Ballet), music (Houston Symphony Orchestra), and theater (The Alley Theatre).[13][117] Houston is also home to folk artists, art groups and various small progressive arts organizations.[118] Houston attracts many touring Broadway acts, concerts, shows, and exhibitions for a variety of interests.[119] Facilities in the Theater District include the Jones Hall—home of the Houston Symphony Orchestra and Society for the Performing Arts—and the Hobby Center for the Performing Arts.
The Museum District's cultural institutions and exhibits attract more than 7 million visitors a year.[120][121] Notable facilities the include The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Museum of Natural Science, the Contemporary Arts Museum Houston, the Station Museum of Contemporary Art, Holocaust Museum Houston, and the Houston Zoo.[122][123][124] Located near the Museum District are The Menil Collection, Rothko Chapel, and the Byzantine Fresco Chapel Museum.
Bayou Bend is a 14-acre (5.7 ha) facility of the Museum of Fine Arts that houses one of America's best collections of decorative art, paintings and furniture. Bayou Bend is the former home of Houston philanthropist Ima Hogg.[125]
The National Museum of Funeral History is located in Houston near the George Bush Intercontinental Airport. The museum houses the original Popemobile used by Pope John Paul II in the 1980s along with numerous hearses, embalming displays and information on famous funerals.
Venues across Houston regularly host local and touring rock, blues, country, dubstep, and Tejano musical acts. While Houston has never been a widely renowned for its music scene,[126] Houston hip-hop has become a significant, independent music scene, producing some of most famed hip-hop artists and creating a sound which has become largely influential in the South as well as other hip-hop scenes.[127]
Tourism and recreation[link]
The Theater District is a 17-block area in the center of downtown Houston that is home to the Bayou Place entertainment complex, restaurants, movies, plazas, and parks. Bayou Place is a large multilevel building containing full-service restaurants, bars, live music, billiards and Sundance Cinema. The Houston Verizon Wireless Theater stages live concerts, stage plays, and stand-up comedy. Space Center Houston is the official visitors’ center of NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. The Space Center has many interactive exhibits including moon rocks, a shuttle simulator, and presentations about the history of NASA's manned space flight program. Other tourist attractions include the Galleria (Texas's largest shopping mall located in the Uptown District), Old Market Square, the Downtown Aquarium, and Sam Houston Race Park. SplashTown Waterpark Houston is a water park located north of Houston. Earth Quest Adventures is a theme park planned to open in 2013/2014.
Houston is home to 337 parks including Hermann Park, Terry Hershey Park, Lake Houston Park, Memorial Park, Tranquility Park, Sesquicentennial Park, Discovery Green, and Sam Houston Park. Within Hermann Park are the Houston Zoo and the Houston Museum of Natural Science. Sam Houston Park contains restored and reconstructed homes which were originally built between 1823 and 1905.[128] There is a proposal to open the city's first botanic garden at Herman Brown Park.[129]
Of the 10 most populous U.S. cities, Houston has the most total area of parks and green space, 56,405 acres (228 km2)[130] The city also has over 200 additional green spaces—totaling over 19,600 acres (79 km2) that are managed by the city—including the Houston Arboretum and Nature Center. The Lee and Joe Jamail Skatepark is a public skatepark owned and operated by the city of Houston, and is one of the largest skateparks in Texas consisting of 30,000 (2,800 m2) square foot in-ground facility. The Gerald D. Hines Waterwall Park—located in the Uptown District of the city—serves as a popular tourist attraction, weddings, and various celebrations. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Houston the 23rd most walkable of the 50 largest cities in the United States.[131]
Tourism and Recreation as early as 1899[link]
Like the New Orleans Mardi Gras, No-Tsu-Oh, was a carnival that was celebrated in Houston from 1899 until World War I. Even in 1899, generating commerce was important and the carnival was a week long festival bringing people to Houston in November. No-Tsu-Oh featured parades and a football game between the University of Texas and the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas (now Texas A&M University). No-Tsu-Oh is Houston spelled backwards. Backwards spelling was a character of No-Tsu-Oh, with the King of the festival being Nottoc (cotton) until King Nottoc was replaced by King Retaw (water) in 1914 in honor of the completion of the Houston Ship Channel. With the beginning of World War I, came the end of the carnival. [132]
Media[link]
Further information: List of newspapers in Houston, List of television stations in Texas, List of radio stations in Texas, and List of films featured in Houston
The primary network-affiliated television stations are KPRC-TV (NBC), KHOU-TV (CBS), KTRK-TV (ABC), and KRIV-TV (Fox).
The Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan area is served by one public television station and two public radio stations. KUHT (HoustonPBS) is a PBS member station and is the first public television station in the United States. Houston Public Radio is listener-funded and comprises two NPR member stations: KUHF (KUHF News) and KUHA (Classical 91.7). KUHF is news/talk radio and KUHA is a classical music station. The University of Houston System owns and holds broadcasting licenses to KUHT, KUHF, and KUHA. The stations broadcast from the Melcher Center for Public Broadcasting, located on the campus of the University of Houston.
Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned by the family of former Lieutenant Governor Bill Hobby of Houston. The only other major publication to serve the city is the Houston Press—a free alternative weekly with a weekly readership of more than 300,000.[133]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Houston
Seventeen school districts exist within the city of Houston. The Houston Independent School District (HISD) is the seventh-largest school district in the United States.[134] HISD has 112 campuses that serve as magnet or vanguard schools—specializing in such disciplines as health professions, visual and performing arts, and the sciences. There are also many charter schools that are run separately from school districts. In addition, some public school districts also have their own charter schools.
The Houston area encompasses more than 300 private schools,[135][136][137] many of which are accredited by Texas Private School Accreditation Commission recognized agencies. The Houston Area Independent Schools offer education from a variety of different religious as well as secular viewpoints.[138] The Houston area Catholic schools are operated by the Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston.
Colleges and universities[link]
Further information: List of colleges and universities in Houston
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Four distinct state universities are located in Houston. The University of Houston is a nationally recognized top-tier research university, and is the flagship institution of the University of Houston System.[139][140][141][142] The institution ranks among the Top 50 American Research Universities.[143] The third-largest university in Texas, UH has nearly 40,000 students on its 667 acre campus in southeast Houston.[144] The University of Houston–Clear Lake and the University of Houston–Downtown are stand-alone universities; they are not branch campuses of the University of Houston. Located in the historic community of Third Ward is Texas Southern University—one of the largest historically black colleges and universities in the United States.
Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students, is widely recognized as one of the top twenty universities in the nation, and it has a number of distinguished graduate programs and research institutes such as the James A. Baker Institute for Public Policy. The university's undergraduates are among the most select in the nation.[145]
Three community college districts exist with campuses in and around Houston. The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston. The northwestern through northeastern parts of the city are served by various campuses of the Lone Star College System, while the southeastern portion of Houston is served by San Jacinto College. The Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems are within the 10 largest institutions of higher learning in the United States.
Healthcare[link]
Main article: Texas Medical Center
See also: List of hospitals in Texas
Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions.[146] All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and local, national, and international community well-being. Employing more than 73,600 people, institutions at the medical center include 13 hospitals and two specialty institutions, two medical schools, four nursing schools, and schools of dentistry, public health, pharmacy, and virtually all health-related careers. It is where one of the first—and still the largest—air emergency service, Life Flight, was created, and a very successful inter-institutional transplant program was developed. More heart surgeries are performed at the Texas Medical Center than anywhere else in the world.[147]
Some of the academic and research health institutions at the center include MD Anderson Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, Memorial Hermann Hospital, The Methodist Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital, and University of Houston College of Pharmacy.
The Baylor College of Medicine has annually been considered within the top ten medical schools in the nation; likewise, the MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as one of the top two U.S. hospitals specializing in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report since 1990.[148][149] The Menninger Clinic, a renowned psychiatric treatment center, is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine and The Methodist Hospital System.[150] With hospital locations nationwide and headquarters in Houston, the Triumph Healthcare hospital system is the third largest long term acute care provider nationally.[151]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in Houston
Highways[link]
The predominant form of transportation in Houston is the automobile with 71.7 percent of residents driving alone to work[152] This is facilitated through Houston's freeway system, comprising 739.3 miles (1,189.8 km) of freeways and expressways in a ten-county metropolitan area.[153] However, the Texas Transportation Institute's annual Urban Mobility Report found that Houston had the fourth-worst congestion in the country with commuters spending an average of 58 hours in traffic in 2009.[154]
Houston's highway system has a hub-and-spoke freeway structure serviced by multiple loops. The innermost loop is Interstate 610, which encircles downtown, the medical center, and many core neighborhoods with around a 10-mile (16 km) diameter. Beltway 8 and its freeway core, the Sam Houston Tollway, form the middle loop at a diameter of roughly 25 miles (40 km). A proposed highway project, State Highway 99 (Grand Parkway), would form a third loop outside of Houston. As of 2010, only two out of eleven segments of State Highway 99 have been completed. Houston is located along the route of the proposed Interstate 69 NAFTA superhighway that would link Canada, the U.S. industrial Midwest, Texas, and Mexico. Other spoke freeways either planned or under construction include the Fort Bend Parkway, Hardy Toll Road, Crosby Freeway, and the future Alvin Freeway.
Houston's freeway system is monitored by Houston TranStar—a partnership of four government agencies that are responsible for providing transportation and emergency management services to the region.[155]
Transit systems[link]
The Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (METRO) provides public transportation in the form of buses, light rail, and lift vans. METRO's various forms of public transportation still do not connect many of the suburbs to the greater city.
METRO began light rail service on January 1, 2004 with the inaugural track ("Red Line") running about 8 miles (13 km) from the University of Houston–Downtown (UHD), which traverses through the Texas Medical Center and terminates at Reliant Park. METRO is currently in the design phase of a 10-year expansion plan that will add five more lines to the existing system.[156]
Amtrak, the national rail passenger system, provides service to Houston via the Sunset Limited (Los Angeles–New Orleans), which stops at a train station on the north side of the downtown area. The station saw 14,891 boardings and alightings in fiscal year 2008.[157]
Airports[link]
Houston is served by three airports, two of which are commercial that served 52 million passengers in 2007 and managed by the Houston Airport System.[158] The Federal Aviation Administration and the state of Texas selected the "Houston Airport System as Airport of the Year" for 2005,[159] largely because of its multi-year, $3.1 billion airport improvement program for both major airports in Houston.
The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the sixth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and fourteenth-busiest worldwide.[160] Bush Intercontinental currently ranks third in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations.[161] In 2006, the United States Department of Transportation named George Bush Intercontinental Airport the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States.[162] The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.
Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year. Bush Intercontinental became United Airline's largest airline hub.[163] The airline retained a significant operational presence in Houston while offering more than 700 daily departures from the city.[164][165] In early 2007, Bush Intercontinental Airport was named a model "port of entry" for international travelers by U.S. Customs and Border Protection.[166]
The second-largest commercial airport is William P. Hobby Airport (named Houston International Airport until 1967) which operates primarily small to medium-haul domestic flights. Houston's aviation history is showcased in the 1940 Air Terminal Museum located in the old terminal building on the west side of the airport. Hobby Airport has been recognized with two awards for being one of the top five performing airports in the world and for customer service by Airports Council International.[167]
Houston's third municipal airport is Ellington Airport (a former U.S. Air Force base) used by military, government, NASA, and general aviation sectors.[168]
Architecture[link]
Main article: Architecture of Houston
See also: List of tallest buildings in Houston
Houston has the third tallest skyline in North America and one of the top 10 in the world.[169][170] A seven-mile (11 km) system of tunnels and skywalks link downtown buildings containing shops and restaurants, enabling pedestrians to avoid summer heat and rain while walking between buildings.
In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 10th tallest building in the United States and the 30th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on height to roof. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on height to roof, it is the 13th tallest in the United States and the 36th tallest in the world. As of 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space.[171]
Centered on Post Oak Boulevard and Westheimer Road, the Uptown District boomed during the 1970s and early 1980s when a collection of mid-rise office buildings, hotels, and retail developments appeared along Interstate 610 west. Uptown became one of the most prominent instances of an edge city. The tallest building in Uptown is the 64-floor, 901-foot (275 m)-tall, Philip Johnson and John Burgee designed landmark Williams Tower (known as the Transco Tower until 1999). At the time of construction, it was believed to the be the world's tallest skyscraper outside of a central business district. The Uptown District is also home to buildings designed by noted architects I. M. Pei, César Pelli, and Philip Johnson. In the late 1990s and early 2000s decade, there was a mini-boom of mid-rise and high-rise residential tower construction, with several over 30 stories tall.[172][173][174] In 2002, Uptown had more than 23 million square feet (2,100,000 m²) of office space with 16 million square feet (1,500,000 m²) of Class A office space.[175]
-
The Niels Esperson Building stood as the tallest building in Houston from 1927 to 1929.
-
The JP Morgan Chase Tower is the tallest building in Texas and the tallest 5-sided building in the world.
-
The Williams Tower in the Uptown District is the tallest building in the United States outside of a central business district.
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The Bank of America Center is an example of postmodern architecture construction designed by award winning architect Philip Johnson.
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in Houston
Houston has sports teams for every major professional league, except the National Hockey League.
Minute Maid Park (home of the Astros) and Toyota Center (home of the Rockets and Aeros), are located in Downtown. Houston has the NFL's first retractable-roof stadium, Reliant Stadium (home of the Texans). BBVA Compass Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium for the Dynamo, located in East Downtown (EaDo) and is the first soccer specific stadium in a downtown area in MLS. In addition, Reliant Astrodome, the first domed stadium in the world. Other sports facilities include Robertson Stadium (home of the Houston Cougars football team), Hofheinz Pavilion (Houston Cougars basketball), Rice Stadium (Rice Owls football), and Reliant Arena.
Houston was home to the now defunct WNBA Comets from 1997-2008. The Comets won 4 WNBA Championships which is still the most championships of any sports team in Houston. The AFL/NFL Oilers called Houston home from 1960-1998 when the team moved to Tennessee and became the NFL Titans.
The city has hosted several major professional and college sporting events, including the annual Shell Houston Open golf tournament. Houston hosts the annual NCAA College Baseball Minute Maid Classic every February and NCAA football's Texas Bowl in December.
Major league sports teams in the Houston area:[link]
| Club | League | Sport | Venue | Established | Championships |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Houston Astros | MLB 1962-Present | Baseball | Colt Stadium 1962–1964 Astrodome 1965 – 1999 Minute Maid Park 2000-Present |
1962 | 1 National League Pennant Title – 2005 |
| Houston Texans | NFL 2002-Present | Football | Reliant Stadium 2002-Present | 2002 | |
| Houston Rockets | NBA 1967-Present | Basketball | San Diego Sports Arena 1967–1971 Hofheinz Pavilion 1971–1975 Compaq Center 1975–2003 Toyota Center 2003 – present |
1967 | 2 NBA Titles – 1994, 1995 4 Western Conference Championship Titles – 1981, 1986, 1994, 1995 |
| Houston Dynamo | MLS 2005-Present | Soccer | Robertson Stadium 2005-2011 BBVA Compass Stadium 2012 – present |
2005 | 2 MLS Cup Titles-2006,2007 2 Western Conference Championship Titles – 2006, 2007 1 Eastern Conference Championship Title-2011 |
| Houston Aeros | IHL 1994-2001 AHL 2001-Present |
Hockey | Compaq Center 1994–2003 Toyota Center 2003 – present |
1994 | 1 Turner Cup – 1999 1 Calder Cup –2003 3 Conference Championship Titles – 1999, 2003, 2011 |
| Sugar Land Skeeters | ALPB 2012-Present | Minor League Baseball | Constellation Field 2012 – present | 2012 |
Crime[link]
Houston's murder rate ranked 46th of U.S. cities with a population over 250,000 in 2005 (per capita rate of 16.3 murders per 100,000 population).[176] In 2010, the city's murder rate (per capita rate of 11.8 murders per 100,000 population) was ranked sixth among U.S. cities with a population of over 750,000 (behind New York City, Chicago, Detroit, Philadelphia, and Los Angeles)[177] according to the FBI.
Murders fell by 37 percent from January to June 2011, compared with the same period in 2010. Houston's total crime rate including violent and nonviolent crimes decreased by 11 percent.[178]
Houston—due to its size and proximity to major illegal drug exporting nations—is a significant hub for trafficking of cocaine, marijuana, heroin, MDMA, and methamphetamine.[179] In the early 1970s, Houston, Pasadena and several coastal towns were the site of the 'Houston Mass Murders' which at the time were the deadliest case of serial killing in American history.[180][181]
Sister cities[link]
Houston has 17 sister cities[182] designated by Sister Cities International—a nonprofit citizen diplomacy network creating and strengthening partnerships between U.S. and international communities in an effort to increase global cooperation at the municipal level, to promote cultural understanding, and to stimulate economic development. Many of Houston's sister cities, including Abu Dhabi, Baku, Luanda, Stavanger, Tampico, and Tyumen are, like Houston, important cities in the oil industry.
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Further reading[link]
- Houston, Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online
- Houston, New York Has a Problem, City Journal, Summer 2008
- 174 Years of Historic Houston Houstonhistory.com. 2007. Retrieved on 2007-01-13.
- A thumb-nail history of the city of Houston, Texas, from its founding in 1836 to the year 1912, published 1912, hosted by the Portal to Texas History, republished 2007 by Copano Bay Press.
- True stories of old Houston and Houstonians: historical and personal sketches / by S. O. Young., published 1913, hosted by the Portal to Texas History, republished 2007 by Copano Bay Press.
- Allen, O. Fisher (1936). City of Houston from Wilderness to Wonder. Self Published. NA. .
- Johnston, Marguerite (1991). Houston, The Unknown City, 1836–1946. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 0-89096-476-9.
- Miller, Ray (1984). Ray Miller's Houston. Gulf Publishing Company. ISBN 0-88415-081-X.
- Slotboom, Oscar F. "Erik" (2003). Houston Freeways. Oscar F. Slotboom. ISBN 0-9741605-3-9. [4]
- Wilson, Ann Quin (1982). Native Houstonian – A Collective Portrait. The Donning Company – Houston Baptist University Press. 80-27644.
External links[link]
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- City of Houston official website
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- Houston at the Open Directory Project
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| Enter Shikari | |
|---|---|
 Live at Heaven Nightclub, London in 2009. |
|
| Background information | |
| Also known as | Hybryd (1999–2003) |
| Origin | St Albans, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Genres | Electronicore Post-hardcore,[1] trancecore,[2] metalcore[3] |
| Years active | 2003–present |
| Labels | Ambush Reality, Tiny Evil, PIAS Recordings, Hopeless |
| Website | www.entershikari.com |
| Members | |
| Rou Reynolds Rory Clewlow Chris Batten Rob Rolfe |
|
Enter Shikari are a British rock/hardcore group that combine post-hardcore and various heavy metal sub-genres such as metalcore and alternative metal with elements of various electronic genres such as electronica, dubstep, trance and occasionally drum and bass creating a very strong electronicore sound, formed in 2003 in St Albans, Hertfordshire.[4][5] The band is named after a boat belonging to Roughton "Rou" Reynolds' uncle, and a character in a play which he wrote before forming the band, both of which are named Shikari.[6] Shikari also means 'Hunter' in Marathi, Persian, Hindi, Nepali, Urdu, Punjabi and Bengali.[7] Their debut album, Take to the Skies was released on 19 March 2007 and reached #4 in the Official UK Album Chart. Their second album, titled Common Dreads, was released on 15 June 2009 and debuted on the UK Albums Chart at 16.[8] Their third studio album, A Flash Flood of Colour was released on 16 January 2012 and was positioned at the top of the UK Album Chart for almost its entire week of release, however it eventually debuted on the chart at 4. The band are currently embarking on the A Flash Flood of Colour World Tour.
Contents |
Biography[link]
[edit] Beginnings and Take to the Skies (1999–2008)
Main article: Take to the Skies
In 1999 a band named Hybryd formed consisting of Rou on guitar, Chris on bass and Rob on drums. They released an EP under the name 'Commit No Nuisance' and featured the tracks 'Perfect Pygmalion' and 'Fake'. In 2003, Hybryd became Enter Shikari. They revolutionised their sound by recruiting Rory to play Guitar so that Rou could concentrate on electronics. Enter Shikari formed in St Albans, England in 2004. The band features Roughton "Rou" (/raʊ/) Reynolds on vocals and electronics, Liam 'Rory' Clewlow on guitar, Chris Batten on bass guitar and Rob Rolfe on drums. All four members are from St Albans, Hertfordshire.[4]
During 2003 and 2004, the band released three demo EPs that were available from their gigs and their website. They had another demo EP planned for release in 2005, (although no such EP materialized only recordings surfaced online) for this the first versions of Return To Energiser and Labyrinth were recorded, early versions of Ok Time For Plan B and We Can Breathe In Space were also recorded around this time but it's unclear if these were destined for the EP. In August 2006 they released a video of, the (only 100 copies) single "Mothership" which became the single of the week on the iTunes store. Their first physical single featured re-recorded versions of "Sorry You're Not a Winner/OK Time for Plan B", which had previously been featured on one of the demo EPs. It was released on 30 October 2006. It was limited to 1000 copies of each format and sold out within the first week of release. In mid January 2007, Enter Shikari's first single, "Mothership", entered the UK singles chart for one week at number 151, on Downloads only (despite its physical formats not being eligible for charts [at the band's request]). This was followed a week later by "Sorry You're Not a Winner/OK Time for Plan B", which charted at number 182 on the singles chart (despite its physical formats being ineligible for charts [at the band's request]) and number 146 in the Download Chart. In addition "Sorry You're Not a Winner/OK Time for Plan B" featured on EA Sports video game title NHL 08 and also Madden 08. Enter Shikari secured a spot on the Gibson/MySpace stage at 2006's Download Festival. They have also had interviews with popular music press such as Kerrang! and Rock Sound. On 4 November 2006, they became only the second unsigned band to ever sell out London Astoria (the first being The Darkness).
They also made the NME's "New Noise 2007", a list of the bands it considers most likely to achieve success in the coming year (previous years lists have included the likes of Arcade Fire, Hot Chip and Bloc Party).
The next single released was "Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour", on 5 March 2007. This was the band's second single to be released from their forthcoming debut album. It contained a re-recorded version of the song "Anything Can Happen in the Next Half Hour". It reached 27 in the Official UK chart. The band's debut album, Take to the Skies, was released on 19 March 2007 and on 25 March it reached number 4 in the UK Official Album Charts. It contained re-recordings of many of the songs that had featured on the demo EPs and singles that were released prior to the release of the album.
During the month of March 2007 it was announced they would be playing at Download Festival, Reading and Leeds Festivals, Give it a Name, Glastonbury Festival, Oxegen festival in Ireland and Rock am Ring in Germany. On 30 March 2007, Enter Shikari announced that their next single would be "Jonny Sniper"[9] and would be released on 18 June. The song's video was premiered on 21 May. The single received bad reviews from NME.[10]
On 6 June 2007 they performed a live show on BBC Radio 1 for Zane Lowe at BBC Radio Theatre.
They played an eleven date headline tour in October/November 2007 including their biggest ever headline gig in the 4,921 capacity Brixton Academy. The band released a compilation EP titled The Zone on 12 November.
Enter Shikari have performed over 500 gigs as of 2007 and played on the Gibson/MySpace stage at 2006's Download Festival. On 14 May 2007, Enter Shikari started their first North America tour. This followed into three more North American tours.
In January 2008, Enter Shikari performed in Australia and New Zealand for the first time as part of the Big Day Out Festival. The band also did a number of side-shows in Australia, including two sold out shows at the Hi-Fi Bar in Melbourne.
They played at Projekt Revolution in Milton Keynes on 29 June 2007, alongside Linkin Park, Jay-Z, N.E.R.D, The Bravery, InnerPartySystem and Pendulum.
On 13 May 2008, the band released the first in a series of videos called "Enter Shikari: In the 'Low". The videos, posted on the band's YouTube page, showcased the band as they recorded their new single, "We Can Breathe In Space, They Just Don't Want Us To Escape", and demoed new material. One of the new songs set to feature on the album was 'Step Up', which was first performed at Milton Keynes Pitz on 28 June 2008, the warm up show to Projekt Revolution the following day.
On 8 August 2008, it was announced that "We Can Breathe In Space, They Just Don't Want Us To Escape" would be released as a single. It was said to be a drastic re-working of the song originally demoed by the band back in 2005, but was not to be included in the band's second album.
They completed a tour of the UK and Ireland which took place over the course of 6 weeks; from 30 September to 4 November 2008; and consisted of 28 shows. A DVD compilation of live footage filmed by band / crew along with some TV footage was to be released to coincide with the tour according to a Kerrang! interview with the band, but has not been released as of yet.
[edit] Common Dreads (2009–2010)
Main article: Common Dreads
It was confirmed by NME that Enter Shikari had finished working on their second album, Common Dreads, in March 2009 and announced that they would tour the UK and Europe during 2009. They also made available a free download of a new song, Antwerpen from their website.[11] On 15 April 2009 Juggernauts was played on Radio 1 as Zane Lowe's "Hottest Track in the World" and was released as a single on 1 June 2009. The B-side of the single is "All Eyes On The Saint". The band also had help from musician Danny Sneddon who helped with the recording of Juggernauts.[12] On 1 May Kerrang featured their track-by-track of the album. Metal Hammer were the first to review the album online with a track-by-track.[13] Since it was announced in an interview with Andy Copping on Scuzz on their "The Digital Darkside: Download Special" that there would be 2 secret bands playing at Download Festival 2009, it has been heavily speculated that Enter Shikari would play one of these slots. They were confirmed to be one of the secret bands on 9 June 2009.[14] Enter Shikari also featured at Reading and Leeds Festivals on 29 and 30 August 2009, playing songs from Common Dreads, as well as acoustic variations of 'Juggernauts', 'No Sleep Tonight' and 'Adieu' from Take To The Skies.
Common Dreads was released through Ambush Reality on 15 June 2009 and debuted at #16 on the UK top 40 album chart. The second single that has been released from Common Dreads was No Sleep Tonight.[15] The 7-inch vinyl, CD single and MP3 download was released on 17 August 2009. A slightly modified version of the song "Wall" was released as a radio single, and a video for the song "Zzzonked" made of clips of a live show which was played at Norwich UEA, was also released.
A 2-disc version of Common Dreads was due to be released in January 2010.[16] Frontman Rou Reynolds announced that "We’ve got a different artist for each single from Hospital Records to do drum ‘n’ bass remixes so we’ll be releasing that as a 12". Then we're doing the same thing with (dubstep label) True Tiger who've done a dubstep remix of each single." however it was later said in a Radio 1 interview that in fact they were only having their main singles remixed.
The new single "Thumper"[17] was released on 19 January 2010, on BBC Radio One, As well the new single "Tribalism", which was first played on Radio 1, 16 February 2010. These songs come off the new B-sides and remixes album Tribalism, which was released on 22 February 2010.
Since March 2009, drummer Rob Rolfe has not been able to perform at United States shows due to a denial of a visa. Rob has chosen Fellsilent drummer, Christopher Mansbridge to fill in for these dates.[18] Although, on 9 July 2010 Rob stated in a Twitter post that he had obtained a visa. On 30 September 2010 Rob passed through customs at an airport in Houston for Enter Shikari's North American tour in October/November, and confirmed this in a Twitter post stating simply "America, I'm back".
Throughout February–March 2010, Enter Shikari joined the Australian summer festival Soundwave along with other bands such as A Day to Remember and Architects, playing shows in Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. The band then continued to tour Japan with A Day to Remember and Escape the Fate and in April–May 2010, they served as a support act, along with August Burns Red and Silverstein on A Day to Remember's Toursick.
[edit] Live From Planet Earth and A Flash Flood of Colour (2010–present)
On 14 June 2010, Enter Shikari announced that they had returned to the studio to do a "one off new track" called "Destabilise" which was released as a download on 26 October 2010, and a limited edition coloured 7-inch vinyl on 29 November 2010.
During June and July 2010, the band took part in the Warped Tour in USA and afterwards, they played a few festivals such as headlining Redfest and supporting The Prodigy at Milton Keynes Bowl. Following this, they performed an exclusive show at the venue Underworld situated in Camden which was filmed and recorded and features on the live DVD, 'Live From planet Earth'.
In August 2010, Enter Shikari returned to Australian shores for a headlining national tour, playing sold out shows in Adelaide, Sydney and Melbourne and near-sellout shows in Perth and Brisbane. On 2 October 2010, the band went on their headlining "Destabilise" Tour in North America with Haste the Day, Sleeping With Sirens, MSWHITE, and LightsGoBlue.[citation needed] The band then supported 30 Seconds to Mars on their Into The Wild Tour leg of UK arenas in November and December 2010.[19]
Also, at the end of 2010, the band collaborated with UK drum and bass band The Qemists on their single Take it Back which was released on 28 March 2011.
On 21 March 2011, it was confirmed that Enter Shikari will be playing at the Reading and Leeds festivals in late August and on 26 April 2011, the band confirmed a mainland European tour starting in Kiev, Ukraine on 7 September, and ending in Tilburg, Holland on 3 October 2011. Also, on 14 June 2011, the band confirmed a UK and Ireland tour which will take part during the month of October. Support for these two tours will be provided from Your Demise and letlive.
In May 2011, the band traveled to Bangkok, Thailand to record their third studio album. Recording began on 8 May 2011, and finished on 14 June 2011. On 19 May 2011, they released the single; "Quelle Surprise". It was originally planned to be the first single released from the new album however, Rou Reynolds has since confirmed that it won't feature, and instead will be a stand alone single much like Destabilise.[20]
In June 2011, the band signed to Hopeless Records in the US, and embarked on the Vans Warped Tour for the second year in a row.[21]
On 11 July 2011, the band released their third live album and first DVD, bundled together as Live From Planet Earth. Distribution of the non limited edition version of Live From Planet Earth and other Enter Shikari stock has been affected however following a fire at the PIAS distribution warehouse in London, after it was set on fire by rioters following the 2011 England riots. This was announced via the bands' Facebook after many fans discovered that the fire had affected the bands' label Ambush Reality, and Rou confirmed a majority of the stock had indeed gone up in flames in an interview with Rocksound.[22]
In the fall and winter of 2011, Enter Shikari will embark on a US tour called "The Dead Throne Tour" with The Devil Wears Prada, Whitechapel, and For Today.
On 8 September 2011, the band announced that the first single from their 'as yet untitled' third album will be called "Sssnakepit." The single was announced for release on 20 September 2011 along with a video recorded for the track at Dingwalls Club in Camden Town, London. [23] A video of the first live performance of the song posted on the band's Facebook shows the rap hardcore influences in the song, as well as the title suggests a further political theme. The band had also been playing another new song live titled "Arguing with Thermometers", during their European fall tour. The debut performance of this song took place on 12 September in Warsaw, Poland.
During the band's show in St.Petersburg, Russia, on 8 September 2011, bassist Chris Batten revealed that the band's third album was set for release in January 2012.
On 19 September 2011, Sssnakepit was played twice in a row on Zane Lowes show as his 'Hottest Track In The World'. The music video (produced by Stand Your Ground Media) for Sssnakepit was released the same week. 'Arguing with Thermometers' was announced to be on the new album on Lowe's show, when a live studio session was played. [24]
A leak from UK Magazine Rock Sound revealed that Enter Shikari's third studio album will be titled "A Flash Flood of Colour" and will be released on 9 January 2012, however, due to shipping issues the band has since moved the release date back a week to 16 January. It was also revealed in the leak that the band are planning a March 2012 UK tour.
On 4 December 2011, the band posted this on their Facebook page: "we've kept this news under our hats for now, BUT, who's interested in hearing another new track?? WELL... if you keep your eyes peeled on our wall tomorrow, we'll give you the details. tease tease." Sure enough, the next day "Gandhi Mate, Gandhi" was released on the band's YouTube page and iTunes. It was also broadcast on the Zane Lowe show on BBC Radio 1.[25]
On 5 January 2012 the band released the studio version of "Arguing With Thermometers" on their YouTube page. It was also played on Zane Lowe's BBC Radio 1 show in the morning as his "Hottest Track In The World". The official video for the song was uploaded to the band's YouTube page on 17 January 2012. A few days prior to the song's release the band showcased a still shot of the video, seeing Rou dressed as a news reporter called "Phillis McCleavland".
The band released their new album on 16 January 2012, and played three album release shows. The first was for HMV in London at the Borderline. People who had pre-ordered the album via HMV were automatically entered into a prize draw to gain access to the release show as no tickets were sold. The second show was in Kingston upon Thames, at the Hippodrome. This was for Banquet Records and tickets were sold with special offers available if the ticket was bought with an album. The final show was played in Leeds, West Yorkshire.
At the end of the first week of the album being released, the album reached number four in the U.K charts.
The band began their first tour of "A Flash Flood Of Colour" on 10 March 2012 at the Melkweg in Amsterdam, Holland; with two weeks worth of dates across mainland Europe and the United Kingdom, ending with a sold out show at Hammersmith Apollo in London on 23 March 2012. Support came from Young Guns, The James Cleaver Quintet (Europe only) and Tek-One (UK only).[26]
Soon after, that band took the "A Flash Flood of Colour World Tour" to America for a 7 week stint, with support from letlive. and At The Skylines.[27]
The bands Summer 2012 plans feature festivals across Europe, including festivals such as Radio 1's Big Weekend, Reading and Leeds Festivals, Pukkelpop, FM4 Frequency Festival, Sonisphere in Spain, T in the Park, Rock am Ring and Rock im Park, and many more, ranging from the end of May to the end of August.[28]
Band members[link]
- Roughton "Rou" Reynolds — lead vocals, programming, keyboards, synthesizers, acoustic guitar
- Liam "Rory" Clewlow — guitars, backing vocals
- Chris Batten — bass, backing vocals
- Rob Rolfe — drums, percussion, backing vocals
Discography[link]
Main article: Enter Shikari discography
- Take to the Skies (2007)
- Common Dreads (2009)
- A Flash Flood of Colour (2012)
Ambush Reality[link]
Ambush Reality is an independent record label that only releases music by Enter Shikari. Formed in July 2006, it is co-owned and run by the members of the band and their friends.[29] The band has decided that, in order to tour in the United States, they will have to sign with a major record label in America.[30] On 28 August 2007, Ambush Reality said that Take to the Skies came out in North America in October 2007, with Ambush Reality joining Interscope Records imprint Tiny Evil. Ambush Reality signed a distribution deal with Warner Music in order to make the album Common Dreads and future releases more accessible outside the UK and also more widely advertised and promoted.[31] As of 8 December 2010 Enter Shikari / Ambush Reality have left distribution through Warner and will distribute throughout UK/Europe/Japan/Australia via PIAS Entertainment Group. As of 21 June 2011, Enter Shikari's releases in North America and Canada will be via independent record label Hopeless Records.[32]
Side projects[link]
Reynolds has produced music as part of a side project with the name "Rout"[3], which he sometimes performs in small venues and before shows. He previously used the names "Shark & Blitz" and "Routron 5000".[33] The music develops on his penchant for electronics, resulting in a drum and bass/jungle/dubstep sound. Some songs feature samples of Rou and friends fooling around as well as iconic lines from movies or songs.
Frontman Rou Reynolds has also set up his own clothing company Step Up Clothing [4].
Drummer Rob Rolfe also performs as a DJ under the alias "Sgt. Rolfy" specialising in freeform hardcore music.
Enter Shikari promoted the film Zeitgeist: Moving Forward through their website, encouraging their fans to join the Zeitgeist Movement, stating: "Single-handedly the biggest influence on all that is Enter Shikari!".
Reynolds was also involved in hardcore side project JBM along with his friend Matt Pendell.
Accolades and Readers Poll Results[link]
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Enter Shikari | Kerrang! Awards 2006: Best British Newcomer | Nominated[34] |
| 2007 | Enter Shikari | NME: John Peel Award for Musical Innovation | Won[35] |
| 2007 | Enter Shikari | Kerrang! Awards 2007: Spirit Of Independence | Won[36] |
| 2007 | Enter Shikari | Kerrang! Awards 2007: Best Live Band | Won[37] |
| 2007 | "Sorry You're Not a Winner" | Kerrang! Awards 2007: Best Single | Nominated[38] |
| 2007 | Enter Shikari | BT Digital Awards: Breakthrough Artist of the Year | Won[39] |
| 2009 | Enter Shikari | Kerrang! Awards 2009: Best Live Band | Nominated[40] |
| 2010 | Enter Shikari | Kerrang! Awards 2010: Best British Band | Nominated[40] |
| 2012 | Enter Shikari | Kerrang! Awards 2012: Best Live Band | Pending[41] |
| A Flash Flood of Colour | Kerrang! Awards 2012: Best Album | Pending[41] | |
| Rou Reynolds | Kerrang! Awards 2012: Hero of the Year | Pending[41] |
- Miscellaneous
- Rock Sound's poll for 'who will make it in 2007'.[42]
- Ourzone Reader's Poll: Best Live Band 2011.[43]
- Ourzone Reader's Poll: Who Will Own 2012.[44]
References[link]
- ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Enter Shikari - AllMusic". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/enter-shikari-p857147/biography. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ Mawer, Sharon. "Take to the Skies - Enter Shikari". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/take-to-the-skies-r1027348/review. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ Carino, Paul. "Common Dreads - Enter Shikari". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/common-dreads-r1596479. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ a b "Enter Shikari Biography - AOL Music". Music.aol.com. http://music.aol.com/artist/enter-shikari/biography/514438. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ "Enter Shikari Announce Australian Tour | News". Kill Your Stereo. http://www.killyourstereo.com/news/6857/enter-shikari-announce-australian-tour/. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
- ^ Access All Areas.net.au. "Enter Shikari | Artist Interviews". Access All Areas. http://www.accessallareas.net.au/artists/Enter_Shikari.php. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ "shikari - definition of shikari by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". Thefreedictionary.com. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/shikari. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ "Radio 1 - The Official Chart with Reggie Yates - The Official UK Top 40 Albums Chart". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ Enter Shikari Announce New Single! - Smash Music
- ^ "Enter Shikari - Enter Shikari - Track Reviews". Nme.Com. http://www.nme.com/reviews/enter-shikari/8672. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ "Enter Shikari finish new album, confirm tour dates". http://www.nme.com/news/enter-shikari/43312.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Enter Shikari Review: ‘Common Dreads’ Track-By-Track". http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/uncategorized/enter-shikari-review-common-dreads-track-by-track.
- ^ [2]
- ^ "Enter Shikari announce dates". idiomag. 24 June 2009. http://www.idiomag.com/peek/89879/enter_shikari. Retrieved 2009-08-28.
- ^ "Exclusive: Enter Shikari Announce Remix Records". http://www.rocksound.tv/news/article/exclusive-enter-shikari-announce-remix-records.
- ^ Zane Lowe (19 January 2010). "Zane Lowe's Hottest Records blog: Hottest Record - Enter Shikari - Thumper". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/zanelowe/2010/01/hottest_record_enter_shikari_t.html. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ http://www.smashmusic.co.uk/news/650/Enter_Shikari_Drummer_Rob_Rolfe_Denied_Visa_For_US_Tour_Dates
- ^ "Enter Shikari to support 30 Seconds To Mars". http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2010/06/enter_shikari_to_support_30_se.html. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
- ^ "punkrockvideos.com - enter shikari warped tour interview video". http://www.punkvideosrock.com/news/?p=1276. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ Jentzen, Aaron (27 June 2011). "Vans Warped tour sizzles in San Antonio". San Antonio Express-News. http://www.mysanantonio.com/default/article/Vans-Warped-tour-sizzles-in-San-Antonio-1441269.php. Retrieved 2011-06-29.
- ^ "Enter Shikari Frontman Comments On PIAS Fire And UK Riots". http://www.rocksound.tv/news/article/enter-shikari-frontman-comments-on-pias-fire-and-uk-riots. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ^ "Enter Shikari announce new single 'Snakepit' | News". Nme.Com. 8 September 2011. http://www.nme.com/news/nme/59108. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
- ^ Bhamra, Satvir (24 September 2011). "Enter Shikari – "Sssnakepit" Music Video". Amplified.tv. http://amplified.tv/2011/09/24/enter-shikari-sssnakepit-music-video/. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
- ^ "Stream: Enter Shikari Post “Gandhi Mate, Gandhi” From New Album A Flash Flood Of Color". The 1st Five. http://www.the1stfive.com/news/stream-enter-shikari-post-gandhi-mate-gandhi-from-new-album-a-flash-flood-of-color. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ "SHORT EUROPE TRIP MARCH 2012". Enter Shikari. http://www.entershikari.com/short-europe-trip-march-2012/. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "USA/Canada April/May shows". Enter Shikari. http://www.entershikari.com/usacanada-aprilmay-shows//. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "UK/Euro Summer Festivals". Enter Shikari. http://www.entershikari.com/euro-uk-summer-festivals/. Retrieved 2012-04-08.
- ^ "MySpace.com - Ambush Reality - St Albans /, UK - Rock / Hardcore / Trance - www.myspace.com/ambushreality". Profile.myspace.com. http://profile.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=user.viewprofile&friendID=94438211. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ Up for Discussion Jump to Forums. "U.K.'s Enter Shikari Scores Without Label". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003566805. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ Enter Shikari Official Forum • View topic - USA Label Update?[dead link]
- ^ "Enter Shikari Sign With Hopeless Records". Alt Press. http://www.altpress.com/news/entry/enter_shikari_sign_with_hopeless_records. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ UK. "Routron 5000 (S&B UP NOW!) | Gratis muziek, tourneedata, foto's, video's". Myspace.com. http://www.myspace.com/routron5000. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ "Kerrang! Awards 2006 Blog: Best British Newcomer". Kerrang.typepad.com. http://kerrang.typepad.com/kerrang_awards_2006_blog/2006/08/best_british_ne.html. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ^ Mike Diver. "NME Awards: winners in full". http://drownedinsound.com/news/1689011-nme-awards--winners-in-full.
- ^ http://blog.kerrangawards.com/2007/08/spirit_of_independence.html#more
- ^ http://blog.kerrangawards.com/2007/08/best_live_band.html#more
- ^ Fletcher, Alex (August 24, 2007). "Kerrang Awards 2007: The Winners". Digital Spy (Hearst Corporation). http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a73558/kerrang-awards-2007-the-winners.html. Retrieved May 10, 2012.
- ^ "Muse win BT Digital Music Award". http://www.nme.com/news/muse/31529.
- ^ a b http://blog.kerrangawards.com/2009/2009/08/best_british_band.shtml
- ^ a b c "And the nominees are...". Kerrang! (Bauer Media Group). May 2, 2012. http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2012/05/and_the_nominees_are_2.html. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
- ^ http://www.rock-sound.net/view_news.php?headline=ENTER-SHIKARI-WIN&id=2004102713
- ^ By Richard on 3 December 2011 (3 December 2011). "2011 Ourzone Readers Poll results | Ourzone Magazine". Ourzonemag.com. http://ourzonemag.com/oz/2011-ourzone-readers-poll-results. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
- ^ By Richard on 3 December 2011 (3 December 2011). "2011 Ourzone Readers Poll results | Ourzone Magazine". Ourzonemag.com. http://ourzonemag.com/oz/2011-ourzone-readers-poll-results. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
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| Jared Leto | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Leto at the 66th Venice International Film Festival in 2009. |
|
| Born | (1971-12-26) December 26, 1971 (age 40) Bossier City, Louisiana, U.S. |
| Other names | Bartholomew Cubbins, Angakok Panipaq |
| Occupation | Musician, composer, singer, songwriter, producer, actor, director, photographer |
| Years active | 1992–present |
| Relatives | Shannon Leto (brother) |
| Website | |
| jaredleto.com | |
Jared Joseph Leto (born December 26, 1971) is an American actor, director, producer, musician, and occasional model. Leto has appeared in both big budget Hollywood films and smaller projects from independent producers and art houses. He rose to prominence for playing Jordan Catalano in the teenage drama My So-Called Life (1994). He later made his film debut in How to Make an American Quilt (1995) and received first notable critical praise for his performance in Prefontaine (1997). Leto played supporting roles in The Thin Red Line (1998) and Girl, Interrupted (1999), as well as the lead role in the horror film Urban Legend (1998), and earned critical acclaim after portraying heroin addict Harry Goldfarb in Darren Aronofsky's Requiem for a Dream (2000). He has worked with director David Fincher in Fight Club (1999) and Panic Room (2002). Since the 2000s, Leto has been nominated for awards for his work in such films as American Psycho (2000), Highway (2002), Lord of War (2005), Lonely Hearts (2006), Chapter 27 (2007), and Mr. Nobody (2009).
Leto is the lead vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and main songwriter for 30 Seconds to Mars. He formed the rock band in 1998 in Los Angeles, California, along with his older brother Shannon Leto. Signed with Immortal and Virgin, 30 Seconds to Mars released their self-titled debut album in 2002 to positive reviews. The band's follow-up album, A Beautiful Lie (2005), went platinum in several countries. This Is War, the band's third album, arrived in December 2009. Leto has also directed music videos, including the MTV Video Music Award nominated "The Kill" (2006), "Kings and Queens" (2009), and "Hurricane" (2010).
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Jared Joseph Leto was born December 26, 1971, in Bossier City, Louisiana. His parents divorced when he was a child, leaving him in the care of his mother, Constance.[1] This separation led to a traveling life with young Jared moving with his family – mother Constance Leto, older brother Shannon Leto and grandfather – from his native Louisiana to different cities in Colorado, Virginia, Wyoming, and Haiti.[2] "My mom's father was in the Air Force," Leto explained, "so moving around a lot was a normal way of life."[3] His father remarried and died soon after.[1] Leto has two younger half-brothers from his father's second marriage. Leto wanted to help his family and became a dishwasher at small snack-bar at 12, and he was a doorman at 16.[4] Constance Leto always encouraged children’s craving for art.[3] "I grew up in environment of actors, musicians, photographers, artists and different theatrical persons," he stated in an interview with Kerrang!; "Through this atmosphere there were no any clear boundaries and straight lines. We were proclaiming a freedom of creation and self-expression."[5] His first musical instrument was a broken-down piano and he grew up singing classic rock, from Pink Floyd to Led Zeppelin.[6]
After dropping out briefly in the 10th grade, Leto decided to return and focus on his education at the private Flint Hill School in Oakton, Virginia, but graduated from Emerson Preparatory School in Washington, D.C., in 1989.[1] When he finished school, Leto enrolled at Philadelphia's University of the Arts and majored in painting.[1] However, after developing an interest in acting, he transferred to New York City's School of Visual Arts, where he majored in filmmaking.[1] While he was a student there, he wrote and starred in his own short film, Crying Joy.[2]
Acting career[link]
1992–97: Early work[link]
In 1992, Leto moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting.[2] Leto got his first roles in TV shows like Camp Wilder (1992) and Almost Home (1993) before he becoming a regular in the 1994 series My So-Called Life[7] as the object of Claire Danes' affection, Jordan Catalano.[8] In 1994, Leto also made his television film debut in Cool and the Crazy.[9] Gaining a reputation as a teen idol, Leto landed his first film role in the 1995 drama How to Make an American Quilt.[10] Leto later co-starred with Christina Ricci in The Last of the High Kings and appeared in Switchback.
1997–99: Early critical success[link]
Leto took his first leading role in 1997's Prefontaine, a biography of 1970's Olympic hopeful Steve Prefontaine.[11] For the role, Leto immersed himself in the runner's life, meeting with members of the family and Prefontaine's friends. He bore a striking resemblance to the real Prefontaine, also adopting athlete's voice and upright running style.[12] The transformation was so complete, that when the runner's sister, Linda, first saw him in character, she broke down and cried.[13] Critical response praised Leto's acting; Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "With hypnotic blue eyes and dirty blond hair, Leto captures the rock-star style Prefontaine affected, and he looks natural in fiery performances on the track, as well as off, where Pre affected a brash, confrontational style," while Lisa Alspector of the Chicago Reader felt that "As the driven competitor who learns to make hubris work for him, Jared Leto gives a complex performance that suggests a deep, intriguing interior to the character even as he maintains a convincing one-dimensional facade."[14][15]
After landing the lead role of a British aristocrat in the 1998 drama Basil, Leto starred in the teen horror film Urban Legend.[16] He plays a school journalist and love interest of Alicia Witt’s character. Together, they go up against a crazed killer that is recreating urban legend massacres. The film was a massive success commercially, though critics mostly disliked the film.[17] Leto was then pleased to get a role in the World War II film The Thin Red Line, as part of a cast including Sean Penn, Nick Nolte and Adrien Brody. The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards and was a moderate success at the box office.[18] In 1999, he appeared as a gay high school teacher who attracts the attentions of Robert Downey, Jr. in James Toback's Black and White. The same year, he co-starred with Winona Ryder and Angelina Jolie in James Mangold's Girl, Interrupted, a film that tells the story of mental patient Susanna Kaysen, and which was adapted from Kaysen's memoir of the same name. Leto was nominated for a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award in the category of Best Supporting Actor for his performance, but lost to Michael Clarke Duncan for The Green Mile. He was also seen in David Fincher's cult classic Fight Club, a film adaptation of Chuck Palahniuk's novel of the same name. While Edward Norton and Brad Pitt were the lead roles, Leto took the supporting role of a bleached blond Angel Face that was beaten almost beyond recognition.
2000–06: Worldwide recognition[link]
Leto played the supporting role of Paul Allen in Mary Harron's American Psycho, a film based on Bret Easton Ellis's novel of the same name. He then starred as heroin addict Harry Goldfarb in Darren Aronofsky's Requiem for a Dream.[19] To prepare for his role in the film, Leto decided to live on the streets of New York City and refrain from having sex with his then fiancé, Cameron Diaz, for two months prior to shooting.[20] He lost 28 pounds to realistically play his heroin addicted character.[21] After the shooting of the film, Leto moved to Portugal, shaved his head and lived in a monastery for several months to gain weight.[22][23] He admits that playing the part of Harry Goldfarb was "sadomasochistic... the hardest thing I've done".[20] The same year, Leto played Glen Walker, an up-and-coming country rocker, in Adam Collis' directorial debut Sunset Strip.[24] In 2001, he co-produced and had uncredited parts in Sol Goode.[25]
After the critical success of Requiem for a Dream, Leto's next role was as the lead character in 2002's Highway. Set in 1994, Leto is caught with a gangster's wife and flee to Seattle with his best friend Jake Gyllenhaal in the week preceding Kurt Cobain's suicide. He was nominated for a Video Premiere Award for his performance. In 2002, Leto worked again with director David Fincher in Panic Room, playing a villain who terrorizes Jodie Foster.[26] The film grossed over $30 million in its opening weekend in the United States, the best performance of a film Leto has appeared in to date.[27] He was also in Phone Booth, playing an actor in a theater production of Drockula. He and Colin Farrell's character have a quick scene in an alley. The scene was deleted from the film, but restored when the film was aired on television.[28]
After spending two years pursuing a career in music, Leto returned to film work in 2004 in the supporting role of Hephaestion in Oliver Stone's Alexander.[29] The film failed domestically, with Stone attributing its poor reception to disapproval of the depiction of Alexander's bisexuality, but it succeeded internationally, with revenue of $139 million outside the United States.[30][31] The following year Leto portrayed Nicolas Cage’s younger brother Vitaly Orlov in the action-drama Lord of War. The film was well-received by most critics and received a special mention for excellence in film making from the National Board of Review.[32][33] In 2005, he was also in Hubert Selby Jr: It/ll Be Better Tomorrow, a documentary on the life and work of writer Hubert Selby, Jr.[34] Leto later starred in 2006's Lonely Hearts.[35] Playing Fernandez, he co-starred with Salma Hayek who played the role Martha. The film received mixed responses but Leto's performance was praised by many critics who wrote "it's worth seeing for Leto's performance alone."[36]
2007–present: Recent roles and the future[link]
Following Lonely Hearts, Leto starred in Jarrett Schaefer's directorial debut Chapter 27, which premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.[37] In the film, he plays Mark David Chapman, the murderer of John Lennon. Leto gained 67 pounds for the role.[38] Gaining the weight, he said, was tougher than dieting himself into skeletal shape for his role as drug addict Harry Goldfarb in Requiem for a Dream.[39] The abruptness of Leto's weight gain gave him gout.[40] He had to use a wheelchair due to the stress of the sudden increase in weight put on his body.[41] After the shooting of the film, Leto quickly went on a liquid diet. He explained, "I've been fasting ever since. I've been doing this very strange, like, lemon and cayenne pepper and water fast. I didn't eat any food for 10 days straight; I think I lost 20 pounds that first 10 days."[42][43] Losing the excess weight after Chapter 27 proved a challenge. "It took about a year to get back to a place that felt semi-normal," he said; "I don't know if I'll ever be back to the place I was physically. I'd never do it again; it definitely gave me some problems."[44] The film received mixed to negative reviews, and was generally considered a disappointment.[45] Leto's performance, however, was well-received by critics; Joe Neumaier of the New York Daily News wrote "Jared Leto gives such a gripping portrayal it's equally hard to look away" and continued "Leto's drawling, blotchy, creepy performance sets it apart," while Rex Reed praised Leto saying "a galvanizing performance by an unrecognizable Jared Leto that can truly be called unforgettable."[46][47]
During this period Leto focused increasingly on his band, turning down such films as Clint Eastwood's World War II film Flags of Our Fathers.[48] On having to say no to Eastwood, Leto explained: "That's a dream come true when Clint Eastwood asks you to be in his film. I was devastated that I couldn't be a part of the film. But I had commitments, a record I had worked on for a couple of years was coming out. It was a very, very important time. It was a make or break time. It was one of those decisions that you make where you can see two paths and I think I made the right decision for myself. I'd love to work with Clint Eastwood in the future, he's one of my heroes."[49] He was also chosen by Joby Harold to play Clayton Beresford in 2007's Awake.[50] He later turned down the role due to scheduling conflicts with his band and was replaced by Hayden Christensen.[51]
In 2009, Leto returned to acting with Mr. Nobody. Leto's role as Nemo Nobody required him to play the character as far aged as 118.[52] The film was mostly funded through European financiers, and was given limited release.[53] Variety's Boyd Van Hoeij praised Leto, saying "The closest the film comes to having a gravitational center are in the scenes set in 2092. What makes them soar is not the imaginative staging of the future, but Leto's performance."[54] Bruce Kirkland of Jam! described Leto's acting as "marvelously full-blooded, brain-spinning, tour-de-force performance."[55] Leto was nominated for the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 66th Venice International Film Festival for his performance.
In 2011, Leto narrated TT3D: Closer to the Edge, a documentary film about the TT, the world-famous annual motorcycle race that takes place on the Isle of Man.[56] The film was well-received both critically and commercially.[57] Grossing £1.14 million, it is the seventh biggest documentary hit of all time in the United Kingdom.[58]
Music career[link]
Main article: 30 Seconds to Mars
1998–2002: Early years[link]
.jpg)
Leto told Lime magazine, "I’ve been creating music since when I was a child. It's an inseparable part of my life. There have always been lots of people around me who love music, even in my childhood. My brother began to play drums when he was only 5 years old."[59] In 1998, Leto founded 30 Seconds to Mars along with his older brother Shannon Leto. The band's name, said Leto, "has little to do with space, the universe or anything like that. It is a name that works on several different levels. Most importantly, it is a good representation of our sound. It's a phrase that is lyrical, suggestive, cinematic, and filled with immediacy. It has some sense of otherness to it."[60] In 1998, 30 Seconds to Mars signed a contract with Immortal and Virgin.[61] In 2001, guitarists Kevin Drake and Solon Bixler and bassist Matt Wachter joined the band. When 30 Seconds to Mars first started, Jared refused to let his name be used to promote the band.[62] He wrote the majority of their songs.[63] Before the album was released, Puddle of Mudd invited 30 Seconds to Mars to open a six-week tour for them in the spring of 2002.[64] The band later embarked on a North American tour to support Incubus.[65]
2002–04: Debut album and early success[link]
30 Seconds to Mars released the self-titled debut album in 2002, produced by Bob Ezrin, Brian Virtue and the band itself. It received generally positive reviews, and was compared to Pink Floyd, Tool, and Brian Eno.[66] The album debuted and peaked at number 107 on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top Heatseekers.[67] It produced two singles, "Capricorn (A Brand New Name)" and "Edge of the Earth", which reached the top ten on the UK Rock Chart.[68] The former also became a Mainstream Rock top 40 hit and reached number one on the Heatseekers Songs.[69] Over the years, the album has sold more than two million copies worldwide.[70] In 2003, Solon Bixler left the band due to issues primarily related to touring and was replaced by Tomo Miličević.[71] 30 Seconds to Mars toured extensively opening concerts for bands such as Our Lady Peace, Sevendust, and Chevelle, and took a slot on the 2003 Lollapalooza tour.[72]
[edit] 2005–08: A Beautiful Lie and mainstream success
It took three years to record A Beautiful Lie, with the bandmates traveling to four different continents to work with Leto on his film sets. A Beautiful Lie differs notably from the band's self-titled debut album, both musically and lyrically. Whereas the eponymous concept album's lyrics focus on human struggle and astronomical themes, A Beautiful Lie's lyrics are more personal and the music introduces intense screaming vocals and synth effects.[73] "On the first record I created a world, then hid behind it," Leto said. "With A Beautiful Lie, it was time to take a more personal and less cerebral approach. Although this record is still full of conceptual elements and thematic ideas it is ultimately much more wrapped around the heart than the head. It's about brutal honesty, growth, change. It's an incredibly intimate look into a life that is in the crossroads. A raw emotional journey. A story of life, love, death, pain, joy, and passion. Of what it is to be human."[74]
Released in 2005, A Beautiful Lie was the band's mainstream breakthrough. It has since been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), and has reached platinum and gold status in several countries, with a sales total of over 3.5 million.[75] It was led by "Attack" which was the most added track on alternative radio in its first week, becoming a Modern Rock top 30 hit.[76] 30 Seconds to Mars began their first headlining tour, Forever Night Never Day, in March 2006.[77] At the same time, the band released the album's second single, "The Kill", which enjoyed mainstream success; it set a record for the longest-running hit in the history of the Hot Modern Rock Tracks when it remained on the national airplay chart for more than 50 weeks, following its number three peak in 2006.[78] Leto directed the music video for the single under the pseudonym of Bartholomew Cubbins, a recurring character in the Dr. Seuss universe. Inspired by Stanley Kubrick's The Shining, Leto said, "The idea of isolation, identity, and self discovery were all elements present in the song. I thought this light homage was a good starting point and it soon grew to include many more elements outside of Kubrick's original piece."[79] Nominated for two MTV Video Music Awards, the band won the MTV2 Award. The music video garnered a lot of recognition, including two MTV Australia Awards and a Chainsaw Award. In October 2006, the band began their Welcome to the Universe Tour, sponsored by MTV2 and were supported by Head Automatica, The Receiving End of Sirens, Cobra Starship, Rock Kills Kid, and several other bands including Street Drum Corps.[80]
File:The 97X Green Room Volume 2.JPG
Leto's artwork for The 97X Green Room: Volume 2.
In 2006, Leto created the cover art for The 97X Green Room: Volume 2, a compilation of live music in which appears 30 Seconds to Mars song "Was It a Dream?".[81] Proceeds from the album's sales benefited The Nature Conservancy.[81] "From Yesterday", the third single from A Beautiful Lie, had major success, reaching number one on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks and becoming 30 Seconds to Mars second top 10 hit.[82] The short film for the single, directed by Leto, is the first ever American music video shot in the People's Republic of China in its entirety.[83] Leto said that the video was inspired by Bernardo Bertolucci's The Last Emperor as well as the work of the Japanese director Akira Kurosawa. He explained, "That and the passion and the history of the Chinese culture. I thought it would be the perfect setting to tell the story of 'From Yesterday,' and it ended up one of those really unique things that the song and the visual images kind of collided and made something completely new."[84] In March 2007, Matt Wachter left the group to spend more time with his family and was replaced by Tim Kelleher, performing live only.[85]
"A Beautiful Lie" was released as the album's fourth single in some territories, including Portugal, where it reached number eight on the chart.[86] The music video for the song, directed by Leto under the pseudonym of Angakok Panipaq, was the first one ever to be shot 200 miles north of the Arctic Circle in Greenland.[87] Proceeds from the video's sales benefited the Natural Resources Defense Council.[88] "Shooting in Greenland was a dream come true and one of the most exciting adventures we've ever had as a band," Leto said. "Although incredibly challenging and at times it seemed just out of our reach, once we finally arrived the beauty and magnificence of the terrain, the wonderful culture of the people, and the amazing journey itself were all inspiring beyond belief. Almost everyone has heard of global warming by now but for the people of Greenland it is a real and tangible problem of today, not an issue of tomorrow. This journey changed our lives."[87] The music video received a largely positive response, winning the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video and the MTV Asia Award for Favorite Video. In 2008, Leto also remixed "The Only One" for The Cure's extended play Hypnagogic States.[89]
2008–09: Virgin Records lawsuit[link]
Despite their growing momentum, 30 Seconds to Mars soon found themselves at war with their label, Virgin Records. The band had attempted to sign with a new label after the A Beautiful Lie Tour, prompting Virgin to file a lawsuit for $30 million, claiming that the band had failed to produce three of the five records they were obligated to deliver under their 1999 contract with the now-defunct Immortal Records.[90] Leto responded to some of the claims in the suit stating, "under California law, where we live and signed our deal, one cannot be bound to a contract for more than seven years." 30 Seconds to Mars had been contracted for nine years, so the band decided to exercise their "legal right to terminate our old, out-of-date contract, which, according to the law is null and void."[91]
After nearly a year of the lawsuit battle, the band announced on April 28, 2009, that the case had been settled.[92] The suit was resolved following a defence based on a contract case involving actress Olivia de Havilland decades before. Leto explained, "The California Appeals Court ruled that no service contract in California is valid after seven years, and it became known as the De Havilland Law after she used it to get out of her contract with Warner Bros."[93] 30 Seconds to Mars then decided to re-sign with EMI (the parent label of Virgin).[94] Leto said the band had "resolved our differences with EMI" and the decision had been made because of "the willingness and enthusiasm by EMI to address our major concerns and issues, (and) the opportunity to return to work with a team so committed and passionate about 30 Seconds to Mars".[95]
[edit] 2009–present: This Is War and critical acclaim
.jpg)
Leto described the band's third album, This Is War, as a concept album, saying it was created in an "intense two-year period, where it felt like the whole world was falling apart and massive changes were going on."[96][97] In a bid to involve their fans for This Is War, 30 Seconds to Mars held The Summit where they invited fans to provide backing vocals and percussion. At the first, in Los Angeles, people showed up from all over the world, so they repeated The Summit in eight countries and extended the event digitally.[98] The band also invited fans to submit close-up shots of their faces in order to make 2,000 different individual covers for the album.[99]
This Is War was released in December 2009, produced by Flood, Steve Lillywhite and 30 Seconds to Mars. The album peaked at number one on the Tastemaker Albums, number two on the Alternative Albums and Digital Albums, number four on the Rock Albums, and number 18 on the Billboard 200.[100] Its first two singles, "Kings and Queens" and "This Is War", peaked at number one on the Alternative Songs and reached number four on the Rock Songs.[101] The short film for "Kings and Queens", called "The Ride," was directed by Leto and premiered at The Montalban Theater in Los Angeles on November 9, 2009. [102] The music video features a Critical Mass Crank Mob movement.[103] "It's a lyrical and slightly metaphorical surreal journey through the city of Angels, from downtown Los Angeles to Santa Monica Pier," Leto said.[104] The video received four nominations at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards in the categories of Best Art Direction, Best Direction, Best Rock Video, and Video of the Year, winning the Best Rock Video Award.[105] The band shot the music video for "This Is War" with director Edouard Salier in 2010, but was released a year later, in April 2011. Leto told MTV News, "'This Is War' is the first video that I let someone else direct, and let's just say we won't be doing that again anytime soon."[106]
The third single, "Closer to the Edge", reached number seven on the Alternative Songs, becoming the band's fifth Modern Rock top 10 hit. It holds the record for most weeks spent at the number one during 2010 on the UK Rock Chart when it remained at the top for eight consecutive weeks.[107] The song's music video was directed by Leto and premiered on June 7, 2010, in New Zealand.[108] The short film is a collage of tour footage, fan commentary and pictures of the band from their youth. It was shot in 89 cities in 27 different countries during the band's Into the Wild Tour.[109] The music video was received with highly positive reviews by critics and garnered awards and nominations from Rock Sound, Fuse, and MTV.
"I didn’t expect all this to happen, but it’s a good thing that it happens, only because of the conversation that it may provoke, about these sort of things, and looking at art and creative expression and weighing that against protecting the viewers from the exhibition of certain behaviors."
—Jared Leto, director and writer of "Hurricane" due to its censor[110]
In 2009, Kanye West announced that he and Leto recorded a song named "Hurricane" together.[111] However, West's vocal contribution to the song was ultimately removed because of legal issues surrounding the rights of each record company.[112] The collaboration was later released on the deluxe edition of This Is War and became the album's fourth single in some territories.[113] The music video for the single was directed by Leto and premiered on MTV on November 29, 2010.[114] Leto described the song as "a meditation on the violence of sex, and the sex of violence."[115] He described the concept saying, "It's a surrealistic nightmare dream-fantasy through the desolate empty streets of New York City at night. There's no people, there's no cars and you see the band as we encounter some fears and some fetishes, a series of challenges. It's a really ambitious, really cinematic short film."[116] "Hurricane" was controversially received and was censored because of its elements of violence, nudity and sex.[117] The short film was later released with a clean version that can air on television.[118] Despite its censorship, "Hurricane" was praised by critics and was nominated for several awards, including the MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction.[119] It was named the Most Epically Unforgettable Video of 2010 by MTV and won the O Music Award for Best NSFW Music Video.
Other projects[link]
Television work[link]
In 1998, Leto appeared and provided additional photography for "Alaska's Bush Pilots," an hour long episode of Wild Life Adventures.[120] He also guest hosted "Posehn, Papa and Mars", an episode from the second series of Player$. Leto is also featured in Hollywood High, a documentary television film about the depiction of drug addiction in film.[121] In 2006, he narrated the Andrew Goldberg's documentary The Armenian Genocide.[122] Leto hosted the 2008 MTV Asia Awards on August 2, 2008, at the Arena of Stars in Genting, Malaysia.[123]
Leto has appeared in several television commercials: one for the U.S. market, a Levi's Jeans commercial that aired in 1993.[124] Other commercial appearances came in television spots for Hugo Boss in 2011. Leto, who is the face of the campaign for the HUGO Just Different fragrance, was directed by Jonas Åkerlund.[125]
Philanthropy[link]
Leto attended the Amnesty International campaign to support human rights, marking the 60th anniversary of the United Nation's Universal Declaration of Human Rights.[126] As part of the campaign, he also made a short film. He supports the The Art of Elysium, which encourages working actors, artists and musicians to voluntarily dedicate their time and talent to children who are battling serious medical conditions.[127] He donated an item to watchmaker Nixon to be made into a watch, the sale of which benefitted the MusiCares MAP Fund—a pool of resources set aside to address addiction and recovery needs of members of the music community.[128]
In June 2008, Leto and his bandmates joined Habitat for Humanity to work on a home being repaired and renovated through the Habitat for Humanity of Greater Los Angeles Area's "A Brush With Kindness" programme.[129] In advance of the build, the band organized an auction of "build slots" to give fans the opportunity to volunteer alongside them and their family and friends.[129] In less than a week, six extra workers were enlisted and over $10,000 was raised to fund additional Habitat for Humanity projects.[129] Leto also supported Habitat for Humanity Malaysia in Sentul in August 2008.[130]
In April 2009, he attended An Evening of Women, an event that raises funds for the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center.[131] In October 2009, Leto raised money to the campaign against California Proposition 8, an initiative to overturn the state Supreme Court decision that had legalized same-sex marriage.[132] Leto spoke out in support of LGBT rights group Freedom Action Inclusion Rights (FAIR).[133] He took part in an online auction of celebrity-signed prints of Shepard Fairey's "Defend Equality Love Unites," a poster in support of gay marriage.[133] Leto decided to make his poster different than the rest, by writing the words of the Proposition 8 ballot on it and then setting it on fire. He then placed the ashes in a jar, writing on it: "Here lies within, the remains of Proposition 8, may it rest in peace."[132]
After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Leto and his bandmates raised $100,100 for Haitian relief.[134] The charity auction included concert tickets, an exclusive backstage meet and greet, and dinner with the band.[135] 30 Seconds to Mars has also supported the people of Haiti through the Echelon Project "House for Haiti" and the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief.[136] Leto released a book of photographs taken during his trip to Haiti in 2011, in a bid to raise funds for the earthquake-ravaged country.[137] He has connected with and helped various organizations since arriving in Haiti, including Sean Penn's J/P Haitian Relief Organization.[138] Leto spent a year in the Caribbean country during his childhood, and he returned there in January 2011 to "reconnect" with his former home following the devastating tremor of January 2010.[137]
30 Seconds to Mars donated items to a Red Cross auction to assist people affected by the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami.[139]
Instruments[link]
- black custom McSwain guitar 25-1/2” scale (named Artemis)
- white custom McSwain guitar (named Pythagoras)
- Gibson SG Special in black
- Gibson SG 1961 Reissue in white
Note: Both McSwain guitars have a gryphon drawn by Leto built into the body.
In the media[link]
Leto was twice named one of People magazine's "50 Most Beautiful People" in 1996 and 1997, and was listed among the "Teen Idols of the '90s".[140] He appeared on People's "Hottest Bachelors" in 2006 and 2007, and "Best Chests" in 2009.[141][142] Leto was nominated several times as one of the "Sexiest Vegetarians" by PETA.[143] He won a Chainsaw Award for Prince of Darkness in 2006.[144] In 2011, he was nominated the NME Award for Hottest Man and TRL Award for Best Look.[145][146]
Personal life[link]
Relationships[link]
Leto began dating Cameron Diaz in 1999 and the couple became engaged in 2000.[147] In 2003, they ended their four-year relationship.[148]
Political convictions[link]
Leto is vegan and a strict vegetarian.[149][150] In 2008, he supported the Proposition 2 and attended the Yes! On Prop 2 benefit gala to stop animal cruelty held in Los Angeles, California.[151] In July 2010, he supported WWF's Text For Tigers charity campaign to aid in saving wild tigers from extinction.[152]
In October 2006, Leto and his bandmates began their Welcome to the Universe Tour, which was "environmentally sound" according to an interview with then-bassist Matt Wachter. "Jared and Shannon put together this thing called Environmentour which is illustrating ways—alternatives—to kind of clean up some of the mess we leave behind. We fueled the bus with vegetable oil," he explained.[153]
The Leto-directed music video of "A Beautiful Lie" was the first one ever to be shot 200 miles north of the Arctic Circle in Greenland.[154] Determined to offset the impact that filming would have on the environment, Leto and the band worked with the Natural Resources Defense Council to develop strategies that would minimize fuel consumption on the shoot and purchased North American Blend Green Tags (a renewable energy certificate product) from the Bonneville Environmental Foundation.[154] 30 Seconds to Mars also launched abeautifullie.org, which includes information about current environmental issues, ways to participate in environmental activities and more. In addition, people can make donations through the site to support the Natural Resources Defense Council.[154]
In the 2008 presidential election, Leto supported Senator Barack Obama of Illinois.[155] At the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards, Leto and his bandmates wore Obama T-shirts.[155]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | How to Make an American Quilt | Beck | |
| 1996 | Last of the High Kings, TheThe Last of the High Kings | Frankie Griffin | Also known as Summer Fling |
| 1997 | Prefontaine | Steve Prefontaine | |
| 1997 | Switchback | Lane Dixon | |
| 1998 | Basil | Basil | |
| 1998 | Urban Legend | Paul Gardener | |
| 1998 | Thin Red Line, TheThe Thin Red Line | Second Lieutenant Whyte | Satellite Special Achievement Award for Outstanding Motion Picture Ensemble |
| 1999 | Black and White | Casey | |
| 1999 | Fight Club | Angel Face | Nominated—Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Action Team |
| 1999 | Girl, Interrupted | Tobias "Toby" Jacobs | Nominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 2000 | American Psycho | Paul Allen | Nominated—National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 2000 | Requiem for a Dream | Harry Goldfarb | Nominated—Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor Nominated—Chlotrudis Award for Best Cast Nominated—Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor Nominated—Florida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Cast Nominated—Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor Nominated—National Board of Review Award for Best Actor Nominated—New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor Nominated—Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Cast Nominated—Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor Nominated—Stockholm Film Festival Award for Best Actor |
| 2000 | Sunset Strip | Glen Walker | |
| 2001 | Sol Goode | Rock Star Wannabe | Uncredited cameo; also co-producer |
| 2002 | Highway | Jack Hayes | Nominated—Video Premiere Award for Best Actor |
| 2002 | Panic Room | Junior | |
| 2002 | Phone Booth | Actor | Uncredited cameo |
| 2004 | Alexander | Hephaestion | |
| 2005 | Hubert Selby Jr: It/ll Be Better Tomorrow | Himself | Documentary film |
| 2005 | Lord of War | Vitaly Orlov | Nominated—National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor |
| 2006 | Lonely Hearts | Raymond Fernandez | Austin Film Festival Award for Best Actor Nominated—San Sebastián International Film Festival Award for Best Actor |
| 2007 | Chapter 27 | Mark David Chapman | Also executive producer Zurich Film Festival Award for Best Performance Nominated—Stockholm Film Festival Award for Best Actor |
| 2009 | Mr. Nobody | Nemo Nobody | Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival Award for Best Performance Nominated—Karlovy Vary International Film Festival Award for Best Actor Nominated—Sitges Film Festival Award for Best Actor Nominated—Stockholm Film Festival Award for Best Actor Nominated—Venice Film Festival – Volpi Cup for Best Actor |
| 2011 | TT3D: Closer to the Edge | Narrator | Documentary film |
| Year | Title | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | "Kill, TheThe Kill" | Music video Fuse Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Video Inspired by Film Kerrang! Readers Choice Award for Best Video MTV Australia Video Music Award for Best Rock Video MTV Australia Video Music Award for Video of the Year MTV Video Music Award – MTV2 Award Nominated—MTV Australia Video Music Award – Viewer's Choice Nominated—MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video Nominated—Virgin Media Music Award for Best Video |
| 2006 | "From Yesterday" | Music video Rock on Request Award for Best Video Yahoo! Australia Music Award for Greatest Epic Video of All Time Nominated—Kerrang! Readers Choice Award for Best Video Nominated—Rock Sound Readers Choice Award for Best Video |
| 2008 | "Beautiful Lie, AA Beautiful Lie" | Music video MTV Asia Award for Favorite Video MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video MTV Gold Video Plays Award Rock on Request Award for Best Video Nominated—Kerrang! Award for Best Video Nominated—Rock Sound Readers Choice Award for Best Video Nominated—TMF Award for Best International Video |
| 2009 | "Kings and Queens" | Music video MTV Gold Video Plays Award MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video Rock on Request Award for Best Video Rock Sound Readers Choice Award for Best Video Nominated—Fuse Award for Best Video Nominated—Kerrang! Award for Best Video Nominated—MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video Nominated—MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction Nominated—MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year |
| 2010 | "Closer to the Edge" | Music video Wild and Young Award for Best International Video MTV Gold Video Plays Award Nominated—Rock Sound Readers Choice Award for Best Video |
| 2010 | "Hurricane" | Music video MTV Buzzworthy Award for Most Epically Unforgettable Video of the Year MTV Fan Music Award for Best Group Video O Music Award for NSFW Music Video Nominated—Kerrang! Award for Best Video Nominated—MTV Video Music Award for Best Cinematography Nominated—MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction Nominated—MTV Video Music Award for Best Editing |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992– 1993 |
Camp Wilder | Dexter | 2 episodes |
| 1993 | Almost Home | Rick Aiken | Episode: "The Fox and the Hound" |
| 1994– 1995 |
My So-Called Life | Jordan Catalano | 19 episodes |
| 1994 | Cool and the Crazy | Michael | TV film |
| 1998 | Wild Life Adventures | Himself | Episode: "Alaska's Bush Pilots" |
| 2003 | Player$ | Himself | Episode: "Posehn, Papa and Mars" |
| 2003 | Hollywood High | Himself | Documentary film |
| 2006 | Armenian Genocide, TheThe Armenian Genocide | Narrator | Documentary film |
Discography[link]
Main article: 30 Seconds to Mars discography
- 30 Seconds to Mars studio albums
- 30 Seconds to Mars (2002)
- A Beautiful Lie (2005)
- This Is War (2009)
References[link]
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- ^ Brown, August (November 29, 2009). "30 Seconds to Mars soars". Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-ca-30-seconds-to-mars29-2009nov29,0,7437853.story. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Lewis, Hilary (April 29, 2009). "30 Seconds To Mars, EMI Settle $30 Million Lawsuit, Ink New Deal". Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/30-seconds-to-mars-emi-settle-30-million-lawsuit-ink-new-deal-2009-4. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (April 29, 2009). "Exclusive: 30 Seconds To Mars Talk Settlement With EMI". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1610285/20090429/30_seconds_to_mars.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (December 8, 2009). "30 Seconds To Mars Get Deep, Dirty On This Is War". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1627758/20091207/story.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Harris, Chris (December 8, 2009). "30 Seconds To Mars Sing About Survival on “This Is War”". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/30-seconds-to-mars-sing-about-survival-on-this-is-war-20091208. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Benson, John (August 10, 2009). "30 Seconds to Mars looks to fans for input". The Hollywood Reporter (Prometheus Global Media). http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/30-seconds-mars-fans-input-87500. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ "30 Seconds To Mars To Produce 2,000 Album Covers". Rock Sound. September 15, 2009. http://www.rocksound.tv/news/article/30-seconds-to-mars-to-produce-2000-album-covers. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
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- ^ "Thirty Seconds to Mars new single, "This Is War" claims the number 1 spot". Altsounds Ltd. July 20, 2010. http://hangout.altsounds.com/news/120219-thirty-seconds-to-mars-new-single-this-is-war-claims-the-number-1-spot.html. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ ""This is War" Listening Event & "Kings and Queens" Video Premiere This Monday in Los Angeles". Buzznet (Buzz Media). November 7, 2009. http://30secondstomars.buzznet.com/user/journal/5086491/war-listening-event-kings-queens/. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (November 12, 2009). "30 Seconds To Mars Almost Didn't Finish 'Kings And Queens' Video". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1626160/20091112/30_seconds_to_mars.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Baltin, Steve (October 19, 2009). "30 Seconds to Mars Stay Home for 'Kings and Queens' Video". Spinner (AOL Inc.). http://www.spinner.com/2009/10/19/30-seconds-to-mars-stay-home-for-kings-and-queens-video/. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (August 3, 2010). "Jared Leto 'Blown Away' By 30 Seconds To Mars' VMA Noms". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1645028/jared-leto-blown-away-by-30-seconds-mars-vma-noms.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Newman, Jason (April 6, 2011). "New Video: 30 Seconds To Mars, 'This Is War'". MTV Buzzworthy (MTV Networks). http://buzzworthy.mtv.com/2011/04/06/30-seconds-to-mars-this-is-war-video/. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ "Top 40 Rock & Metal Singles – 28th August 2010". The Official Charts Company. http://www.theofficialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/10/2010-08-28/. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ "30 Seconds To Mars: an inside look at their biggest year yet". Kerrang! (Bauer Media Group). December 01, 2010.
- ^ Montgomery, James (August 16, 2010). "30 Seconds To Mars Save Souls In 'Closer To The Edge' Video". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1645808/20100816/30_seconds_to_mars.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (December 1, 2010). "30 Seconds To Mars' Jared Leto Clears Up 'Hurricane' Controversy". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1653378/30-seconds-mars-jared-leto-clears-up-hurricane-controversy.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (April 15, 2009). "Kanye West Working With 30 Seconds To Mars On New Album". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1609314/kanye-west-working-with-30-seconds-mars-on-new-album.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (December 7, 2009). "30 Seconds To Mars' This Is War Has Monks, But No Kanye West". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1627733/30-seconds-mars-this-war-has-monks-but-no-kanye.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Sciarretto, Amy (November 8, 2010). "Thirty Seconds to Mars to Release Deluxe Edition of "This is War"". Artistdirect. http://www.artistdirect.com/entertainment-news/article/thirty-seconds-to-mars-to-release-deluxe-edition-of-this-is-war/7846793. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (November 29, 2010). "30 Seconds To Mars Unveil Epic 'Hurricane' Film". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1653163/30-seconds-mars-unveil-epic-hurricane-video.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (September 27, 2010). "30 Seconds To Mars Call 'Hurricane' Video 'Meditation On The Violence Of Sex'". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1648773/30-seconds-mars-call-hurricane-video-meditation-on-violence-sex.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (October 18, 2010). "30 Seconds To Mars Call 'Hurricane' Video 'Surrealistic Nightmare Dream-Fantasy'". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1650214/30-seconds-mars-call-hurricane-video-surrealistic-nightmare-dreamfantasy.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Vick, Megan (November 30, 2010). "Video Ban: 30 Seconds to Mars Too Sexual For MTV". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. http://www.billboard.com/column/viralvideos/video-ban-30-seconds-to-mars-too-sexual-1004132701.story. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ "30 Seconds To Mars Releases Clean Version Of Controversial “Hurricane” Video, Makes Last.fm Best Of 2010". CBS Radio (CBS Interactive). December 23, 2010. http://buzz103.radio.com/2010/12/23/30-seconds-to-mars-release-official-clean-version-of-controversial-hurricane-video/. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ Montgomery, James (July 21, 2011). "30 Seconds To Mars Call VMA Nominations 'Humbling'". MTV (MTV Networks). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1667688/30-seconds-to-mars-video-music-awards-nomination-reaction.jhtml. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
- ^ "Jared Leto". Yahoo! Movies. http://sg.movies.yahoo.com/Jared+Leto/biography/182255/milestones/. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ Rollins, Peter C. (2003). The Columbia Companion to American History on Film: How the Movies Have Portrayed the American Past. Columbia University Press. pp. 524. ISBN 978-0-231-11222-2.
- ^ "The Armenian Genocide – PBS Documentary". Two Cats Productions. http://www.twocatstv.com/armenian-genocide/. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Jared Leto To Host MTV Asia Awards". Oh No They Didn't (Buzz Media). May 30, 2008. http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/23997711.html. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Jared Leto in a Levi's commercial from 1993 (Video)". CastTV. http://www.casttv.com/video/m1j6lg1/jared-leto-in-a-levi-s-commercial-from-1993-video. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ Millar, Jamie (July 7, 2011). "Jared Leto interview for Hugo Just Different fragrance". GQ. Condé Nast Publications. http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/style/articles/2011-07/04/gq-grooming-jared-leto-hugo-just-different-fragrance-interview. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Universal Declaration of Human Rights – Rhyming Couplets" (PDF). Amnesty International. http://www.amnesty.org/ar/library/asset/ACT30/077/2011/ar/13ccef43-d2e9-4a9c-8c04-d2bf6ced93fc/act300772011en.pdf. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ Saunders, Tim (January 6, 2009). "Stars To Shine In Charity Heaven". Look to the Stars. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/1849-stars-to-shine-in-charity-heaven. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Jared Leto's Charity Work, Events and Causes". Look to the Stars. http://www.looktothestars.org/celebrity/416-jared-leto. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ a b c "30 Seconds to Mars and Hollywood For Habitat For Humanity Unite". Oh No They Didn't (Buzz Media). June 30, 2008. http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/25138216.html. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Jared joins Habitat for Humanity on a visit to Sentul". Abeautifullie.org. August 20, 2008. http://abeautifullie.org/news.aspx?DiaryID=941. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ Saunders, Tim (April 24, 2009). "Stars To Come Out For An Evening Of Women". Look to the Stars. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/2418-stars-to-come-out-for-an-evening-of-women. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ a b Malkin, Marc (October 13, 2009). "Jared Leto Gets Fired Up Over Gay Marriage". E! Online (NBCUniversal). http://eonline.com/news/marc_malkin/jared_leto_gets_fired_up_over_gay/148781. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ a b "Celebs Get Artistic For Gay Marriage Equality". Access Hollywood (NBCUniversal). October 14, 2009. http://www.accesshollywood.com/shepard-fairey-art-project-channels-celebs-for-gay-marriage-equality_article_24198. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "30 Seconds To Mars Announce Support". Rock Sound. January 29, 2010. http://www.rocksound.tv/news/article/30-seconds-to-mars-announce-support. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ Malkin, Marc (January 19, 2010). "Jared Leto Remembers Life in Haiti: "It Was Magical"". E! Online (NBCUniversal). http://eonline.com/news/marc_malkin/jared_leto_remembers_life_in_haiti_it/162903. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ Sally, Catrina K. (January 29, 2010). "30 Seconds To Mars Raises $100,100 For Haiti". Look to the Stars. http://www.looktothestars.org/news/3767-30-seconds-to-mars-raises-100100-for-haiti. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ a b "30 Seconds To Mars frontman to publish book to help Haiti". Kerrang! (Bauer Media Group). February 3, 2011. http://www.kerrang.com/blog/2011/02/30_seconds_to_mars_frontman_to.html. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ Naillon, Buffy (January 7, 2011). "Help Haiti, 30STM frontman posts more Haiti pictures". Examiner.com (Clarity Digital Group). http://www.looktothestars.org/news/3767-30-seconds-to-mars-raises-100100-for-haiti. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Artists and songwriters from the EMI family unite for Japan". Altsounds Ltd. April 5, 2011. http://hangout.altsounds.com/news/128215-artists-songwriters-emi-family-unite-japan.html. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "The 50 Most Beautiful People in the World". People (Time Inc.) 43 (18): 177. May 6, 1995.
- ^ "Single in 50 States". People (Time Inc.) 65 (25): 127. June 26, 2006.
- ^ "Best Chests!". People (Time Inc.) 71 (25): 110. June 29, 2009.
- ^ Sherrow, Michelle (June 15, 2011). "PETA’s Feelin’ Hot, Hot, Hot". People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. http://www.peta.org/b/thepetafiles/archive/2011/06/15/peta-s-feelin-hot-hot-hot.aspx. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Fuse Fangoria Chainsaw Awards Winners Announced". MoviesOnline. http://www.moviesonline.ca/movienews_10169.html. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Shockwaves NME Awards: Matt Bellamy named Hottest Man". NME (IPC Media). February 24, 2011. http://www.nme.com/news/muse/55095. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "I Trl Awards 2011 sbarcano a Firenze, oggi comincia la sfida" (in Italian). MTV Italy (MTV Networks). February 21, 2011. http://www.mtvnews.it/news/i-trl-awards-2011-sbarcano-a-firenze-oggi-comincia-la-sfida/. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ Mimon, Diana. "Cameron Diaz Biography". About.com. The New York Times Company. http://gossip.about.com/od/celebrityprofiles/p/Cameron_Diaz.htm. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
- ^ "Back on the Market". People (Time Inc.) 59 (25): 85. June 30, 2003.
- ^ Flavell, Shawna (March 26, 2010). "Jared Leto Is 'Sacrificing Tofu'". People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. http://www.peta.org/b/thepetafiles/archive/2010/03/26/jared-leto-is-sacrificing-tofu.aspx. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
- ^ DuDell, Michael Parrish (March 31, 2008). "Jared Leto Get’s Back In Shape With Raw Food Diet". Ecorazzi. http://www.ecorazzi.com/2008/03/31/jared-leto-gets-back-in-shape-with-raw-food-diet/. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
- ^ "Ellen and Portia Party to Spread Awareness for Animals". PopSugar.com (Sugar Inc.). September 29, 2008. http://www.popsugar.com/Photos-Ellen-DeGeneres-Portia-De-Rossi-Proposition-2-Party-2117006. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
- ^ Kart, Jeff (July 26, 2010). "Texting for Tigers: Roar Against Extinction With Your Phone". Got2BeGreen. http://www.got2begreen.com/green-lifestyles/green-projects/texting-for-tigers-roar-against-extinction-with-your-phone/. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
- ^ Pascarella, Tony (December 4, 2006). "30 Seconds to Mars (Matt Wachter) – 12.02.06". AbsolutePunk. Buzz Media. http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=193334. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
- ^ a b c "30 Seconds to Mars' short film "A Beautiful Lie," takes the band on journey to the Arctic". Abeautifullie.org. January 30, 2008. http://abeautifullie.org/press/2008-01-30_abl_launch.html. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
- ^ a b Colothan, Scott (November 7, 2008). "30 Seconds To Mars Show Support For Barack Obama At MTV EMAs". Gigwise.com (Giant Digital). http://www.gigwise.com/news/47345/30-Seconds-To-Mars-Show-Support-For-Barack-Obama-At-MTV-EMAs. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
External links[link]
| Find more about Jared Leto on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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Images and media from Commons |
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Quotations from Wikiquote |
- Official website
- Jared Leto on Twitter
- Jared Leto at the Internet Movie Database
- Jared Leto at AllRovi
- Jared Leto at Yahoo! Movies
- Jared Leto at the Notable Names Database
- Jared Leto collected news and commentary at The Guardian
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Leto, Jared |
| Alternative names | Leto, Jared Joseph (birth name) |
| Short description | American actor and musician |
| Date of birth | December 26, 1971 |
| Place of birth | Bossier City, Louisiana, California, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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| Bootsy Collins | |
|---|---|
 Bootsy Collins, 2009 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | William Earl Collins |
| Born | (1951-10-26) October 26, 1951 (age 60) |
| Genres | Funk, psychedelic soul, rhythm and blues |
| Occupations | Musician, record producer |
| Instruments | Electric bass, guitar, drums, vocals |
| Years active | 1970–present |
| Labels | Westbound, Ace, Warner Bros., Casablanca, Shout, Columbia, P-Vine |
| Associated acts | Parliament-Funkadelic, Bootsy's Rubber Band, James Brown, Axiom Funk, Praxis, Material, Fatboy Slim, Snoop Dogg, Deee-Lite, Buckethead |
| Website | www.bootsycollins.com |
William Earl "Bootsy" Collins (born October 26, 1951) is an American funk bassist, singer, and songwriter.
Rising to prominence with James Brown in the late 1960s, and with Parliament-Funkadelic in the '70s, Collins's driving bass guitar and humorous vocals established him as one of the leading names in funk.[1] Collins is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, inducted in 1997 with fifteen other members of Parliament-Funkadelic.
Contents |
Biography[link]
1960s-1970s[link]
With his elder brother Phelps "Catfish" Collins, and Kash Waddy and Philippé Wynne, Collins formed a funk band called The Pacemakers in 1968.
In March 1970, after most of the members of James Brown's band quit over a pay dispute, The Pacemakers were hired as Brown's backing band and they became known as The J.B.'s. (They are often referred to as the "original" J.B.'s to distinguish them from later line-ups that went by the same name.) Although they worked for Brown for only 11 months, the original J.B.'s played on some of Brown's most intense funk recordings, including "Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine", "Super Bad", "Soul Power", and "Talkin' Loud and Sayin' Nothing".
After parting ways with James Brown, Bootsy returned to Cincinnati and formed House Guests with his brother Phelps Collins, Rufus Allen, Clayton "Chicken" Gunnels, Frank Waddy, Ronnie Greenaway and Robert McCullough. The House Guests released two singles on the House Guests label as well as a third as The Sound of Vision on the House Guests label.
Collins next moved to Detroit, following the advice of singer and future Parliament member Mallia Franklin. Franklin introduced both Collins brothers to George Clinton, and 1972 saw both of the Collins brothers, along with Waddy, join Funkadelic. Bootsy played bass on most of Funkadelic and Parliament's albums through 1980, garnering several songwriting credits as well.
In 1976 Bootsy, Catfish, Waddy, Joel Johnson, Gary "Mudbone" Cooper, Robert Johnson and The Horny Horns formed Bootsy's Rubber Band, a separate touring unit of Clinton's P-Funk collective. The group recorded four albums together, the first three of which are often considered to be among the quintessential P-Funk recordings. The group's 1978 album Bootsy? Player of the Year reached the top of the R&B album chart and spawned the #1 R&B single "Bootzilla".
Like Clinton, Bootsy took on several alter egos, from Casper the Funky Ghost to Bootzilla, "the world's only rhinestone rockstar monster of a doll", as parts of the evolving character of an alien rock star who grew gradually more bizarre as time went on (see P-Funk mythology). He also adopted his trademark "space bass" around this time.
Bootsy also released a 1980 album, Sweat Band, on George Clinton's Uncle Jam label with a group billed as Bootsy's Sweat Band.
1980s-1990s[link]
In 1984, Bootsy collaborated with Jerry Harrison of Talking Heads to produce "Five Minutes", a dance record sampled and edited from Ronald Reagan's infamous "Five Minutes" speech. The record was credited to "Bonzo goes to Washington" (also referenced in the 1985 Ramones song "Bonzo goes to Bitburg", derived from Reagan's starring role as Professor Peter Boyd in the 1951 comedy film Bedtime for Bonzo).
In 1990, Bootsy collaborated with Deee-Lite on their massive hit "Groove Is in the Heart" where he contributed additional vocals. Although he also appeared in the music video playing the bass, the bassline in the song is actually a sample of a Herbie Hancock song called "Bring Down the Birds". Bootsy's Rubber Band became the defacto backing musicians for Deee-Lite during a world tour.
In 1992, Bootsy joined with guitarist Stevie Salas and drummer Buddy Miles to form the funk-metal fusion group Hardware. The trio released one album, Third Eye Open, before disbanding.
Bootsy collaborated with bluegrass legends Del McCoury, Doc Watson and Mac Wiseman to form the GrooveGrass Boyz. They produced a fusion of bluegrass and funk.
In 1994, Bootsy contributed extensively to the Soup Dragons' last album, Hydroponic.[2]
In 1995, Bootsy played in the remake of Jimi Hendrix's "If 6 Was 9," for Axiom Funk, a Funkadelic-like one-off supergroup produced by Bill Laswell and featuring (Funkadelic members) George Clinton, Bernie Worrell, Bootsy Collins, (the guitar of the late) Eddie Hazel, Gary Shider and Bill Laswell. The group released only one album, and the song also appeared in the soundtrack of the movie Stealing Beauty.
Bootsy has collaborated extensively with Bill Laswell and made appearances on two Fatboy Slim records, as well as reading a poem at the end of FatBoy Slims's release in the LateNightTales DJ mix series. Bootsy provided "vocal spice" on the TobyMac album Welcome to Diverse City. He also appears on Nicole C. Mullens' latest album, Everyday People. He has also worked with the Lo-Fidelity Allstars on the album Don't be Afraid of Love, with Praxis, and with Buckethead on several occasions, for example on Buckethead's first album, Bucketheadland. Bootsy was featured in the 2002 film Standing in the Shadows of Motown. In 2004 he appeared on Snoop Dogg's Rhythm & Gangsta album and on the cover of "The Joker" on the Fatboy Slim album Palookaville.[3] He also performed a cover of "Power of Soul" on Power of Soul: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix'.
2000s[link]
In 2005, Bootsy Collins added vocals to fellow bassist Victor Wooten's album Soul Circus. He also served as "Heineken's Amsterjam 2005" curator and master of ceremonies on Randall's Island, New York, and appeared with Madonna, Iggy Pop, Little Richard, and The Roots' Questlove, in an American TV commercial for the Motorola ROKR phone.
In October 2005, Collins co-wrote a song celebrating the resurgence of his hometown team, the Cincinnati Bengals of the National Football League called "Fear Da Tiger" which features "raps" written and performed by several Bengals players, including defensive end Duane Clemons, offensive tackle Stacy Andrews, and center Ben Wilkerson. An edited version of the song was made into a music video which features cameos by many other Bengals players. It has garnered tremendous local airplay and is viewable on Bengals.com Additionally, Cincinnati Bell is offering "Fear Da Tiger" as a free ringtone for its wireless customers in both polyphonic and MP3 formats. Collins appeared with Little Richard, Bernie Worrell, and other notable musicians as the band playing with Hank Williams, Jr. for the Monday Night Football opening during for the 2006 season. Collins was the only all star to return with Williams for the 2007 season.
He also sings "Marshal Law", the theme song of the Cincinnati Marshals indoor football team. He debuted the song on April 29,[year missing] at halftime of a Marshals home game against the West Palm Beach Phantoms.
In 2006, ABC Entertainment / A Charly Films Release released a DVD/CD from Bootsy Collins and the New Rubber Band's concert at the 1998 North Sea Jazz Festival. In the same year, Collins split from long-time friend and guitarist Odhran "The Bodhran" Rameriz, citing creative differences as the reason.
Also in 2006, Collins recorded music for the animated television series Loonatics Unleashed. Collins also voiced the character Bootes Belinda in the episode The Music Villain.[4]
In April 2007, Bootsy announced plans to begin a restaurant/club with Cincinnati area restaurateur Jeff Ruby called "Bootsy's." The venue operated 2008-2010 before closing. It featured live musical acts, a museum dedicated to Bootsy's musical career and Spanish, Central and South American cuisine.
In June 2007, Bootsy Collins, along with Phelps Collins, Clyde Stubblefield, John "Jabo" Starks, and Bernie Worrell, participated in the recording of the soundtrack for the movie Superbad.
In July 2007, Bootsy also told Billboard magazine that he was working on a project by the name of Science Faxtion and an album called Living On Another Frequency in which he serves as bassist and co-producer along with his lead vocalist Greg Hampton. The band also features guitarist Buckethead and drummer Brain.[5] The album was released in November 2008.[6]
Collins promoted Rock the Vote for its 2008 campaign together with Buckethead.[7]
Bootsy produced Junkyard Waltz by funk band Freekbass from Ohio, which was released in October 2008.
Bootsy has been mentioned in the song "Genius of Love" by Tom Tom Club in the line "Clinton's musicians such as Bootsy Collins raise expectation to a new intention", while "Got more bass than Bootsy Collins" is a line in the song "Rumble in the Jungle" by the Fugees. His influence in popular culture is seen in that he has been referenced by a number of television series. In The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air episode "Sooooooul Train", Geoffrey sneaks into the Soul Train tapings posing as Bootsy Collins, while in The Mighty Boosh episode "The Legend of Old Gregg" an alien creature named 'The Funk' lands on Bootsy's house, giving him his ability to play the bass guitar "like some kinda delirious funky priest", as well as the ability to see around corners. His song "I'd Rather Be With You" was featured in the movie Baby Boy and on January 26, 2007, Bootsy, a native of Cincinnati, gave the commencement address at the graduation ceremony at The Art Institute of Ohio - Cincinnati. Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea, who cited Collins as one of his primary influences, appeared in unmistakably Bootsy-esque clothing in the video for RHCP's "Dani California", and Bootsy's "What's a Telephone Bill?" was sampled for 2Pac's "Str8 Ballin'" track off the THUG LIFE album.
In 2009 Collins collaborated with Talib Kweli and Hi-Tek on the track "Internet Connection".[8]
In October 2010 Bootsy was awarded a Bass Player Magazine Lifetime Achievement Award at the Key Club in Los Angeles.
In March 2011 Bootsy and his wife visited Franklin L. Williams M.S #7's Little Kids Rock program.
On 15 April 2011, Bootsy appeared on Later... with Jools Holland, performing a memorable snippet of funk with Jools.
In June 2011 Bootsy played the 10th Annual Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival in Manchester, TN.
In the Fall of 2011, Bootsy began being featured in a TV commercial for Old Navy, in which he is making "boots", made by boots, made by Bootsy" to be sold at Old Navy.
Bass guitars[link]
Bootsy's original "Space Bass" and its replacement (before recovery from theft) was made in Warren, Michigan by Larry Pless of Gus Zoppi's music store. The first Space Bass had a mahogany body and maple neck, white finish, and mirror pick guard. (This is the Space Bass on the cover of 1976 album " Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band ")[9]
Collins' current signature instrument is a custom-built star-shaped bass guitar he calls the "Space Bass", built for him by Manuel "Manny" Salvador of GuitarCraft in 1998. In 2006 Collins made an agreement with Traben to make a signature Bootsy Collins model bass called the "Bootzilla". During the 2010 NAMM Show, Collins' new signature bass guitar was released by Warwick, a customized Infinity Bass called "Bootsy Collins Black Star Signature Bass" or "Bootsy Collins Orange Star Signature Bass", depending on the color of the stars on it.
Bootsy Collins' Funk University[link]
In July 2010, Collins, in partnership with former child actor Cory Danziger,[10] launched Funk University ("Funk U"), an online-only bass guitar school in which he also serves as curator and lead professor. Funk University offers an intense curriculum tailored for intermediate to advanced bass players as well as anyone interested in a deeper understanding of funk. The curriculum is based on bass theory, history of funk, and Collins' own musical history given by Collins himself, augmented by lessons and exercises in bass and rhythm from guest bassist professors such as Les Claypool, Meshelle Ndegeocello, John B (Williams) and Victor Wooten. Enrolled students gain access to the virtual campus which, in addition to the multimedia lectures, includes a comprehensive subject library containing audio and multimedia music files, tablatures, and articles. Students participate in interactive questionnaires, polls, competitions (including track submissions), and are subjected to regular reviews by faculty members, who have designated "office hours" during which students can ask questions. Students and faculty can post or reply in the university's online forum (the Cafeteria).[11] Eventually, the curriculum will be expanded to include other instruments.[12]
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Year | Band | Album title | Record label |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | Bootsy's Rubber Band | Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band | Warner Bros. Records |
| 1977 | Bootsy's Rubber Band | Ahh... The Name Is Bootsy, Baby! | Warner Bros. Records |
| 1978 | Bootsy's Rubber Band | Bootsy? Player of the Year | Warner Bros. Records |
| 1979 | Bootsy's Rubber Band | This Boot is Made for Fonk-N | Warner Bros. Records |
| 1980 | Bootsy Collins | Ultra Wave | Warner Bros. Records |
| 1980 | Sweat Band | Sweat Band | Uncle Jam/Columbia Records |
| 1982 | Bootsy Collins | The One Giveth, the Count Taketh Away | Warner Bros. Records |
| 1988 | Bootsy Collins | What's Bootsy Doin'? | Columbia Records |
| 1990 | Bootsy's Rubber Band | Jungle Bass | 4th & Broadway |
| 1992 | Praxis | Transmutation (Mutatis Mutandis) | Axiom |
| 1994 | Bootsy's New Rubber Band | Blasters of the Universe | Rykodisc |
| 1994 | Zillatron | Lord of the Harvest | Rykodisc |
| 1994 | Praxis | Sacrifist | Subharmonic |
| 1995 | Bootsy's New Rubber Band | Keepin' Dah Funk Alive 4-1995 | Rykodisc |
| 1997 | Bootsy Collins | Fresh Outta 'P' University | WEA/Black Culture |
| 1998 | Bootsy's Rubber Band | Live in Louisville 1978 | Disky |
| 2001 | Bootsy's Rubber Band | Live in Oklahoma 1976 | Funk to the Max |
| 2002 | Bootsy Collins | Play with Bootsy | WEA International |
| 2006 | Bootsy's New Rubber Band | Live in Concert 1998 | ABC Entertainment/Charly Films |
| 2006 | Bootsy Collins | Christmas Is 4 Ever | Shout Factory |
| 2008 | Science Faxtion | Living on Another Frequency | Mascot Records |
| 2009 | Bootsy Collins | The Official Boot-Legged-Bootsy-CD | Bootzilla |
| 2011 | Bootsy Collins | Tha Funk Capital of the World | Mascot Records |
Singles[link]
| Year | Song title | Peak chart positions |
|---|---|---|
| U.S. R&B Singles | ||
| 1976 | "I'd Rather be with You" | 25 |
| "Stretching Out (In a Rubber Band)" | 18 | |
| 1977 | "Can't Stay Away" | 19 |
| "Psychoticbumpschool" | 69 | |
| "The Pinocchio Theory" | 6 | |
| 1978 | "Bootzilla" | 1 |
| "Hollywood Squares" | 17 | |
| 1979 | "Bootsy Get Live" | 38 |
| "Jam Fan (Hot)" | 13 | |
| 1980 | "Mug Push" | 25 |
| 1981 | "F-Encounter" | 51 |
| 1982 | "Body Slam!" | 12 |
| "Shine-O-Myte (Rag Popping)" | 78 | |
| "Take a Lickin' and Keep on Kickin'" | 29 | |
| 1988 | "Party on Plastic (What's Bootsy Doin'?)" | 27 |
Promotional videos[link]
- Party on Plastic (What's Bootsy Doin'?) (1988)
- Undacova Funk (feat. Snoop Dogg) (2002)
- Play With Bootsy (2002)
References[link]
- ^ Planer, Lindsay. "Stretchin' Out in Bootsy's Rubber Band - Bootsy's Rubber Band". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r31268. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ "Soup Dragons". TrouserPress.com. http://www.trouserpress.com/entry.php?a=soup_dragons. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ Misty Thomas (2004-10-04). "Fatboy Slim — Album: Palookaville". JIVE Magazine. http://www.jivemagazine.com/review.php?rid=760. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
- ^ Epstein, Daniel Robert (2006-10-10). "Bootsy Collins interview". SuicideGirls. http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Bootsy+Collins/. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
- ^ Up for Discussion Jump to Forums. "Collins Looks To Future with Science Faction". Billboard.com. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/search/google/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003596926. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ "Bootzilla Productions". Bootsycollins.com. http://www.bootsycollins.com/news.html. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Reflection Eternal - Internet Connection 2009 NEW!!!". YouTube. 2009-02-25. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rla0zZyWTjY. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ The Creation of the Space Bass by Larry Pless
- ^ O'Neal, Sean. "Bootsy Collins establishes first-ever Funk University, declares himself "Professor Bootsy" | Music | Newswire". The A.V. Club. http://www.avclub.com/articles/bootsy-collins-establishes-firstever-funk-universi,41456/. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ "Bootsy Collins Funk University - Online Bass Guitar School". Thefunkuniversity.com. 2011-07-01. http://www.thefunkuniversity.com/. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ Braiker, Brian (2010-05-24). "Bootsy Collins Launching Funk University - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/bootsy-collins-launching-funk-university/story?id=10704312. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
External links[link]
- Official website
- Bootsy's Funk University
- Bootsy bio on Allmusic
- Collins Looks To Future with Science Faction, Billboard, 2007.
- Rob Fitzpatrick, Bootsy Collins: 'The freak show never ended', The Guardian, April 14, 2011.
- Bootsy Collins RBMA lecture
|
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Collins, Bootsy |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1951-10-26 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Bootsy_Collins
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Bootsy Collins
http://nl.wn.com/Bootsy Collins
http://pt.wn.com/Bootsy Collins
http://de.wn.com/Bootsy Collins
http://it.wn.com/Bootsy Collins
http://pl.wn.com/Bootsy Collins
http://es.wn.com/Bootsy Collins
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootsy_Collins
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Slim Thug | |
|---|---|
 Slim Thug at the KDHT studio in 2005. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Stayve Jerome Thomas |
| Born | (1980-09-08) September 8, 1980 (age 31) Houston, Texas |
| Genres | Hip hop Gangsta rap |
| Years active | 1998–present |
| Labels | Swishahouse, Boss Hogg Outlawz, Interscope, E1 |
| Associated acts | Boss Hogg Outlawz, Bun B, Chalie Boy, Chamillionaire, Z-Ro, Mike Jones, T.I. |
| Website | www.bosshoggoutlawz.com |
Stayve Jerome Thomas (born September 8, 1980),[1] better known as Slim Thug, Boss Hogg or Thug Boss, is an American rapper. He gained mainstream attention for his contribution to the popular single from rapper Mike Jones, "Still Tippin'".
Contents |
Early life[link]
Slim Thug grew up in Houston's Northside neighborhood of Homestead/Scenic Woods. Slim says that his rap name come from the fact that as a teenager, he was very tall and skinny before he filled out.[citation needed] He stands 6'6" tall. The Thug part comes from people's assumptions of him due to his fresh braids and sunglasses.[citation needed] At age 17, he performed freestyle raps at local high school parties. He began his rap career with Swishahouse in the late 1990s. After realizing how much money he could make distributing his own mixtapes, he parted ways with Swishahouse on good terms and formed his own independent label, Boss Hogg Outlawz.[2] Thomas bought two record stores and worked in real estate.[1]
Music career[link]
Already Platinum (2005–2008)[link]
Slim Thug's debut album with Star Trak Entertainment & Interscope Records, Already Platinum, was released in July 2005 after many delays.[1] It premiered on #2 on the Billboard 200 albums chart and sold 130,000 copies in its first week.[3] Singles included "3 Kings" (featuring T.I. and Bun B), and "I Ain't Heard of That" (featuring Pharrell and Bun B). Slim Thug appeared on Still Tippin' with Mike Jones and Paul Wall, Beyoncé Knowles's #1 single "Check on It" and Gwen Stefani's "Luxurious". With the Boss Hogg Outlawz, Slim Thug released three albums, Boyz N Blue (2004), Serve & Collect (2007) and Back by Blockular Demand: Serve & Collect II (2008). He left Star Trak & Interscope Records in 2008.[4]
Boss of All Bosses (2009)[link]
Slim Thug's second solo album Boss of All Bosses was released in 2009. Although not as successful as his debut album Boss of All Bosses debuted at #15 on the Billboard 200 with 32,000 copies sold in the first week released. It included the single "I Run".
Tha Thug Show (2010–present)[link]
Slim Thug's third studio album Tha Thug Show. His first single was "Gangsta" which featured Z-Ro. His second single featured rapper/singer B.o.B entitled "So High". It was released November 30, 2010.
Other Ventures[link]
Acting career[link]
In October 2009 he appeared on The Daily Show, in a parody discussing the effects of the recession upon wealthy rappers such as himself.[5] The skit was filmed in part at The Lion's Den Recordings in Houston, Texas.
Personal life[link]
Slim Thug dated singer LeToya Luckett until 2006.[6][7] He claimed the two broke up as a result of his cheating and having a child with another woman.[8]
According to MTV News, Lupe Fiasco's video for "Hip Hop Saved My Life" was based on Slim Thug's life story. "It is based on Slim Thug," Fiasco revealed.[9] On June 7, 2010, Vibe released controversial statements Slim Thug had made regarding treatment of black men by black and white women saying "it’s hard to find [a successful black man] so Black women have to bow down and let it be known that they gotta start working hard; they gotta start cooking and being down for they man more. ...White women treat they man like a king."[10]
The article stirred many varied reactions from bloggers and online commentators.[7][11][12] Cultural critic and Columbia University professor Marc Lamont Hill,[13] singers Aubrey O'Day, D. Woods,[14] and Talib Kweli[15] have all responded publicly to his comments.
Discography[link]
Main article: Slim Thug discography
- Studio albums
- 2005: Already Platinum
- 2009: Boss of All Bosses
- 2010: Tha Thug Show
- 2012: Hogg Life
Awards and Nominations[link]
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | "Still Tippin'" | MTV2 Award | Nominated |
| 2006 | "Check On It" | Best R&B Video | Won |
References[link]
- ^ a b c Kellman, Andy (2005). "Slim Thug: Biography". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p452088/biography. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
- ^ Rashbaum, Alyssa (October 27, 2004). "Slim Thug: No One-Sided Hustler". You Hear It First (MTV News). http://www.mtv.com/news/yhif/slim_thug/. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
- ^ Harris, Chris (July 20, 2005). "R. Kelly Fights Off Slim Thug And Bow Wow To Hold #1". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1506012/20050720/kelly_r.jhtml. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (April 15, 2008). "Slim Thug Is Ready To Be His Own Boss Again: MC Says He'll Be Free Of Record Deal Within The Week". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1585472/20080414/slim_thug.jhtml. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
- ^ Matt Tobey: The Daily Show and Slim Thug's Music Video "Still a Boss" – Comedy Central Insider Blog
- ^ Waldron, Clarence (2006-09-11). "LeToya: ex-Destiny's Child member tops charts; says everything is 'cool' with her and Beyonce.". Jet (magazine). http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_10_110/ai_n26705291/. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ a b Langhorne, Cyrus (2010-06-07). "Slim Thug On Interracial Dating, "White Women Treat They Man Like A King & Black Women Feel They Ain't Gotta"". SOHH.com. http://www.sohh.com/2010/06/slim_thug_on_interracial_dating_white_wo.html. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ "Slim Thug On Why He & LeToya Broke Up". BET.com. 2010-03-10. http://blogs.bet.com/entertainment/spotlight/2010/03/10/slim-thug-on-why-he-letoya-broke-up/. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ Rodriguez, Jayson (April 11, 2008). "Lupe Fiasco's Latest Single, 'Hip-Hop Saved My Life,' Honors Southern Rap Heroes Bun B, Slim Thug". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1585211/20080410/fiasco__lupe.jhtml. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
- ^ Rhett, Starrene (2010-06-07). "Slim Thug: 'Black Women Need To Stand By Their Man More'". VIBE.com. http://www.vibe.com/posts/slim-thug-black-women-need-stand-their-man-more. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ "Battle Of The Sexes: Bloggers Debate Slim Thug's Blog About Black Women". VIBE.com. 2010-06-08. http://www.vibe.com/content/battle-sexes-bloggers-debate-slim-thugs-blog-about-black-women. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ Runteldat (2010-06-08). "Was Slim Thug Offensive Towards Black Women?". BET.com. http://blogs.bet.com/entertainment/spotlight/2010/06/08/slim-thug-offensive/. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ Hill, Marc Lamont (2010-06-08). "An open letter to Slim Thug". TheLoop21.com. http://theloop21.com/society/open-letter-slim-thug. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ "A Woman's Side: Aubrey O'Day, D. Woods Respond To Slim Thug". VIBE.com. 2010-06-10. http://www.vibe.com/content/womans-side-aubrey-oday-d-woods-respond-slim-thug. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ "A Man's Side: Talib Kweli Responds To Slim Thug". VIBE.com. 2010-06-10. http://www.vibe.com/posts/talib-kwli-things-slim-thug-said-are-real-problems-our-community. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
External links[link]
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Thug, Slim |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American rapper |
| Date of birth | September 8, 1980 |
| Place of birth | Houston, Texas |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Slim_Thug
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Slim Thug
http://nl.wn.com/Slim Thug
http://pt.wn.com/Slim Thug
http://de.wn.com/Slim Thug
http://it.wn.com/Slim Thug
http://pl.wn.com/Slim Thug
http://cs.wn.com/Slim Thug
http://es.wn.com/Slim Thug
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slim_Thug
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
