Hattusili Iii

Tuesday, 27 November 2012

Laura Folch. Taller Creatiu amb escolars de Primària.

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Tarhuntassa
Tarhuntassa is an as-yet undiscovered Bronze Age city south of Hattusa. Speculations of its site include Konya, Rough Cilicia, the Gok Su valley, and the vicinity of Kayseri.[1] The site of Kilise Tepe has also been proposed for it. Still others speculate that Tarhuntassa may be a Kaskan name for the city the Greeks called Troy. Its name means "City of Tarhunt (the Luwian storm god)" in the Luwian language, and likely had a Luwian-speaking majority when it was named.
In the early 13th century BC, Muwatalli II moved the Hittite capital from Hattusa to Tarhuntassa, officially as the result of an omen. His son Mursili III later moved the capital back to Hattusa (KBo 21.15 i 11-12). After Hattusili III deposed Mursili, the new king appointed Muwatalli's son Kurunta as king in Tarhuntassa. The treaty which survives mostly refers to the appointed king as "Ulmi-Tessup", and so some scholars believe that Ulmi-Tessup and Kurunta are two different rulers of Tarhuntassa.
Tudhaliya IV re-ratified Kurunta as king in a treaty inscribed in bronze. At this time, Kurunta was leading his forces to war with Parha. This treaty, unlike previous treaties involving Tarhuntassa, calls to witness the Hittites' vassal kings of Mira and the Seha River Land on the Aegean coast. This implies that Tarhuntassa's stature was now a matter of importance for all western Anatolia.

wn.com/Tarhuntassa

Alluwamna
Alluwamna was a king of the Hittites (Middle Kingdom), ca. mid 15th century BC (short chronology). He was a successor of Telipinu as his son-in-law.
There is a seal of Alluwamna named Tabarna seal.
Son of Alluwamna, who later became a king, was Hantili II. One text of Alluwamna records the granting of land to his son Hantili.
Wife of Alluwamna was called Harapšeki.

wn.com/Alluwamna
Ammuna
Ammuna was a King of the Hittites ca. 1486–1466 BC (short chronology). The land seems to have suffered badly during his reign, and he lost a considerable amount of territory.
He was the son of the King Zidanta I and grandson of Hantili I. He killed his father to became a king and had a large family.
A fragmentary chronicle of Ammuna's reign is known. The annals seem to indicate that Ammuna successfully plundered Neša, but was fighting it again soon after. He also seems to have fought against the city of Šattiwara and the city of Šuluki.
His successor was his son Huzziya I, but he also had a daughter, Ištapariya.

wn.com/Ammuna
Arnuwanda I
Arnuwanda I was a king of the Hittite empire. He became a ruler by marriage and was very religious.
Arnuwanda became a king by marriage. His wife was Ašmu-nikal, daughter of king Tudhaliya I. He became a successor of Tudhaliya as his son-in-law. He began his reign under a co-regency with Tudhaliya. His campaigns include an unsuccessful expedition against the kingdom of Arawa.
Arnuwanda's parents are not known. He was a son-in-law of Tudhaliya and Nikal-mati. He had two sons: prince Ašmi-Šarruma and king Tudhaliya II. There is a very fragmentary text in which Arnuwanda names his son Tudhaliya as his future successor.

wn.com/Arnuwanda_I
Hantili I
Hantili I was a king of the Hittites during the Hittite Old Kingdom. His reign lasted for 30 years, from c. 1526-1496 B.C.
According to the Telepinu Proclamation, Hantili was the royal cup-bearer to Mursili I, king of the Hittites. Hantili was married to Ḫarapšili, Mursili's sister. Around the year 1526 B.C., Hantili, with the help of Zidanta, his son-in-law, assassinated Mursili. Afterwards, Hantili succeeded him as king of the Hittites.
There are only a few scattered sources left that describe the reign of Hantili. During his reign, he continued the militaristic traditions of the kings before him. One of Hantili's main concerns was maintaining Hittite control in Syria. He journeyed to the city of Carchemish to conduct a military campaign, most likely against the Hurrians, longtime enemies of the Hittites. The success of this campaign is unknown.
After the conclusion of this campaign, he made his return journey to Hattusa, the Hittite capital. While on this journey, he reached the city of Tegarama, which is possibly the modern day Turkish city of Gürün. At this point, the Telepinu Proclamation states that Hantili started to develop paranoia, saying to himself, "What is this (that) I have done? [Why] did I listen to [the words of] Zidanta, my [son-in-law? As soon as] he reigned [as king], the gods sought (justice for) the blood of Muršili".

wn.com/Hantili_I
Hantili II
Hantili II was a king of the Hittites (Middle Kingdom), ca. mid 15th century BC (short chronology). He was a friend of King Paddatiššu.
He was a son of King Alluwamna and Queen Harapšeki and grandson of King Telipinu. He is mentioned on the offering lists as a son of Alluwamna. Hantili's possible nephew was Zidanta II.
Hantili was the first great king in several generations to receive the royal blood from his father.

wn.com/Hantili_II
Hattusili I
Hattusili I (Ḫattušili I) was a king of the Hittite Old Kingdom. He reigned ca. 1586–1556 BC (short chronology).
He used the title of Labarna at the beginning of his reign. It is uncertain whether he is the second king so identified, making him Labarna II, or whether he is identical to Labarna I, treated as his predecessor in Hittite chronologies.
During his reign, he moved the capital from Neša (Kaneš, near modern Kültepe) to Ḫattuša (near modern Boghazkoy), taking the throne name of Ḫattušili to mark the occasion.
He is the earliest Hittite ruler for whom contemporary records have been found. In addition to "King of Ḫattuša", he took the title "Man of Kuššara", a reference to the prehistoric capital and home of the Hittites, before they had occupied Neša.
A cuneiform tablet found in 1957 written in both the Hittite and the Akkadian language provides details of six years of his reign. In it, he claims to have extended Hittite domain to the sea, and in the second year, to have subdued Alalakh and other cities in Syria. In the third year, he campaigned against Arzawa in western Anatolia, then returned to Syria to spend the next three years retaking his former conquests from the Hurrians, who had occupied them in his absence.

wn.com/Hattusili_I
Hattusili II
Hattusili II (Hittite: "from Hattusa") may have been a king of the Hittite Empire (New kingdom) ca. the early 14th century BC (short chronology).
His existence is disputed. In the treaty between Muwatalli II and Talmi-Šarruma of Aleppo, reference is made to a ruler named Hattusili, but it is debated whether the reference is to an otherwise unknown Hittite ruler, or rather to Hattusili I.

wn.com/Hattusili_II
Hattusili III
Hattusili III (Hittite: "from Hattusa") was a king of the Hittite empire (New Kingdom or Late Empire) ca. 1267–1237 BC (short chronology).
He was the fourth and last son of Mursili II. His mother was queen Gassulawiya and his brother was Muwatalli II.
Hattusili married Puduhepa, a priestess of Ishtar, who later became Hittite queen.
Mursili appointed Hattusili as priest of Sausga of Samuha, and Hattusili remained loyal to the Ishtar of Samuha to the end of his days.
His older brother Muwatalli moved his seat in Tarhuntassa and appointed him governor of Hattusa.
Hattusili was a commander of Hittite forces during the famous Battle of Kadesh against Egypt in 1274 BC. Hattusili as governor, also reconquered Nerik and became the High Priest of its storm god. Hattusili named his eldest son and crown prince Nerikkaili in honor of this achievement.
His nephew, Mursili III (or Urhi-Teshub) moved the capital back to Hattusa (KBo 21.15 i 11-12), rendering Hattusili's governorship redundant. Mursili then deposed him from Nerik, triggering a civil war. Hattusili defeated and exiled his nephew. Hattusili renamed Urhi-Teshup's sibling Ulmi-Teshup "Kurunta" (or: married her off to Kurunta), and appointed Kurunta over Tarhuntassa in his place. After this, Hattusili elevated a junior son Tudhaliya IV as crown prince instead.

wn.com/Hattusili_III
Hittites
The Hittites were a Bronze Age Indo-European speaking people of Anatolia. They established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia c. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height c. the 14th century BC, encompassing a large part of Anatolia, north-western Syria about as far south as the mouth of the Litani River (in present-day Lebanon), and eastward into upper Mesopotamia. The Hittite military made successful use of chariots. By the mid-14th century BC (under king Suppiluliuma I), they had carved out an empire that included most of Asia Minor as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. After c. 1180 BC, the empire disintegrated into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states, some surviving until the 8th century BC.
Their Hittite language was a member of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. Natively, they referred to their land as Hatti, and to their language as Nesili (the language of Nesa). The conventional name "Hittites" is due to their initial identification with the Biblical Hittites in 19th century archaeology. Despite the use of "Hatti", the Hittites should be distinguished from the Hattians, an earlier people who inhabited the same region until the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC, and spoke a non-Indo-European language known as Hattic.

wn.com/Hittites
Huzziya I
Huzziya I was a king of the Hittites (Old Kingdom), ruling for 5 years, ca. 1466–1461 BC (short chronology).
Huzziya was a son of Ammuna and grandson of Zidanta I. He was apparently not first in line to the succession.
He had a sister Ištapariya and a brother-in-law, Telipinu.
Ištapariya was killed in a political intrigue.

wn.com/Huzziya_I
Huzziya II
Huzziya II was a king of the Hittites. He was killed by Muwatalli I, who seized the throne and was possibly the Gal Mesedi of the royal bodyguard.
His wife was queen Šummiri (pronounced SOOH-MEE-REE).

wn.com/Huzziya_II
Kurunta
Kurunta was a Hittite king, a son of Muwatalli II born in the 13th century BC, and cousin of Tudhaliya IV. Kurunta is a Luwian name; he also bore the Hurrian name Ulmi-Tessup.
He was named after an Anatolian tutelary deity in the Late Bronze Age frequently associated with stags.
The sources on Kurunta's life include two treaties between Hattusa and Tarhuntassa, mention in the so-called Tawagalawa Letter, numerous seals, and a rock inscription.
Muwatalli entrusted Kurunta to his brother Hattusili III to raise in his own household. Hattusili's son Tudhaliya, in his later treaty with Kurunta, claims that the two developed a deep bond of friendship.
A significant event in Muwatalli's reign, which probably influenced the later course of Kurunta's life, was his transfer of the Hittite court to Tarhuntassa in south-central Anatolia.
In the struggle for the throne between Mursili III and Hattusili, Kurunta gave his loyalty to Hattusili. His reward was rich: after seizing the throne, Hattusili granted him vassal kingship over Tarhuntassa, his father's former capital. In that treaty he bore the name Ulmi-Tessup. However, most of the territory under Tarhuntassa's nominal sway had fallen into the hands of Lukkan warriors acting with support from Ahhiyawa. Kurunta apparently spent all of Hattusili's reign slowly reconquering the lost territory.

wn.com/Kurunta
Labarna I
Labarna I was the traditional first King of the Hittites, ca. the early 16th century BC (short chronology). He was the traditional founder of the Hittite Old Kingdom (fl. ca. 1600 – 1450 BC), though his existence is sometimes questioned by modern scholars. His wife was Tawannanna.
Labarna was not the first in line to the throne. PU-Sarruma designated Labarna as his successor after his own sons revolted against him. Upon PU-Sarruma's death, Labarna and Papahdilmah, one of PU-Sarruma's sons, contended for the throne, with Labarna emerging victorious.
What little is known about him is culled mainly from the Edict of Telipinu, which states that he overwhelmed his enemies and "made them borders of the sea", a statement which may refer to conquests as far as the Mediterranean coast in the south, and the Black Sea in the north. He installed his sons as governors in several cities including Tuwanuwa, Hupisna, Landa, and Lusna (the identities of these cities are uncertain, but thought to perhaps be Tyana, Heraclea Cybistra, Laranda, and Lystra). Through his conquests, he was responsible for laying the groundwork for the Hittite empire that was to come.

wn.com/Labarna_I
Maathorneferure
Maathorneferure was an Ancient Egyptian queen, the Great Royal Wife of Ramesses II.
Maathorneferure was a daughter of the Hittite king Hattusili III and his wife, Queen Puduhepa. She was the sister of the crown prince Nerikkaili of Hatti and the sister of the later Hittite king Tudhaliya IV.
Maathorneferure was married to the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 34th year of his reign, becoming the Great King's Wife. Her original name is unknown, but her Egyptian name translates as "One who sees Horus, the invisible splendor of Ra".
Egypt and the Hittite empire had been increasingly at odds since the demise of the kingdom of the Mitanni, and Maathorneferure's marriage to the Egyptian king was the conclusion of the peace process which had begun with the signing of a peace treaty thirteen years earlier.
On the Marriage Stela it is claimed that "The daughter of the great chief of Kheta marched in [front] of the army [...]" (Breasted)
Maathorneferure first lived at the royal palace at Pi-Ramesse. Records indicate that she later lived in the royal harem at Mi-wer (Gurob). Maathorneferure is mentioned on a papyrus.

wn.com/Maathorneferure
Mursili I
Mursili I was a king of the Hittites ca. 1556–1526 BC (short chronology), and was likely a grandson of his predecessor, Hattusili I. His sister was Ḫarapšili and his wife was queen Kali.
Mursili is credited with the conquest of the kingdom of Yamhad and its capital, Aleppo, in northern Syria. Ca. 1531 BC, Mursili led an unprecedented march of 2000 km south into the heart of Mesopotamia where he sacked the city of Babylon, bringing an end to the Amorite dynasty of Hammurabi. This raid did not result in any Hittite control over Babylonia, but did result in the emergence of the Kassites as the rulers there.
When Mursili returned to his kingdom, he was assassinated in a conspiracy led by his brother-in-law, Hantili I (who took the throne), and Hantili's son-in-law, Zidanta I. His death inaugurated a period of social unrest and decay of central rule, followed by the loss of the conquests made in Syria.

wn.com/Mursili_I
Mursili II
Mursili II (also spelled Mursilis II) was a king of the Hittite Empire (New kingdom) ca. 1321–1295 BC (short chronology).
Mursili II was the younger son of Suppiluliuma I, one of the most powerful rulers of the Hittite Empire. He was the younger brother of Arnuwanda II and had sister and one more brother.
Mursili is known to have had several children with his first wife Gassulawiya including three sons named Muwatalli, Hattusili III and Halpasulupi. A daughter named Massanauzzi (referred to as Matanaza in correspondence with the Egyptian king Ramesses II) was married to Masturi, a ruler of a vassal state. Mursili had further sons with a second wife named Tanuhepa. The names of the sons of this second wife have not been recorded however.
Mursili III, Queen Maathorneferure and Tudhaliya IV were grandchildren of Mursili II.
Mursili assumed the Hittite throne after the premature death of Arnuwanda II who, like their father, fell victim to the plague which ravaged the Hatti in the 1320s BC. He was greeted with contempt by Hatti's enemies and faced numerous rebellions early in his reign, the most serious of which were those initiated by the Kaskas in the mountains of Anatolia, but also by the Arzawa kingdom in southwest Turkey because he was perceived to be an inexperienced ruler who only became king due to the early death of Arnuwanda. Mursili records the scorn of his foes in his Annals:

wn.com/Mursili_II
Muwatalli I
Muwatalli I was a king of the Hittites.
Muwatalli killed his predecessor Huzziya II. He was the Chief of the Royal Bodyguard of Huzziya, but later he killed him. He was maybe Huzziya's younger brother.
Muwatalli's Chief of the Royal Bodyguard was called Muwa. Muwattalli himself was killed in a palace by Himuili, the Chief of the Palace Servants, and Kantuzili, the Overseer of the Gold Chariot Fighters.
His wife was called Walanni.

wn.com/Muwatalli_I
Pamba (king)
Pamba is the name of a king of the Hatti in the early 22nd century BC (short chronology) (or the 23rd century BC (middle chronology)).
Pamba's name is mentioned in a report of Naram-Suen of Akkad regarding a battle against an alliance of 17 kings, including Pamba, king of the Hatti, and Zipani, king of Kanesh. The text is the earliest known mention of the Hatti people; the extant copy of the report dates to ca. 1400 BC, nearly a millennium later.

wn.com/Pamba_(king)
Pharaoh
Pharaoh ( /ˈfeɪ.roʊ/ or /fɛ.roʊ/) is a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Egyptian rulers of all periods. The title originates in the term "pr-aa" which means "great house" and describes the royal palace. The title of Pharaoh started being used for the king during the New Kingdom, specifically during the middle of the eighteenth dynasty.
Pharaoh, meaning "Great House", originally referred to the king's palace, but by the reign of Thutmose III (ca. 1479-1425 BC) in the New Kingdom, had become a form of address for the person of the king.
The term pharaoh ultimately was derived from a compound word represented as pr-`3, written with the two biliteral hieroglyphs pr "house" and `3 "column". It was used only in larger phrases such as smr pr-`3 'Courtier of the High House', with specific reference to the buildings of the court or palace itself. From the twelfth dynasty onward the word appears in a wish formula 'Great House, may it live, prosper, and be in health', but again only with reference to the royal palace and not the person.

wn.com/Pharaoh
Pithana
Pithana was a Hittite Bronze Age king of the Anatolian city Kussara. He reigned during the 17th century BC. During his reign he conquered the city of Kanesh, heart of the Assyrian trading colonies network in Anatolia, and core of the Hittite-speaking territories.
He was succeeded by his son, Anitta, who is best known for conquering Hattusa, the future Hittite capital, and memorializing his achievement using the Hittite language.

wn.com/Pithana
Piyusti
Piyusti or Piyušti was a king of Hattusa during the 17th century BC (short chronology). He is mentioned in the Anitta text as being defeated by Anitta on at least two occasions.
In the second encounter, Piyusti and his auxiliary troops were defeated at the town of Šalampa. Later, Anitta was able to storm the city of Hattusa at night after its defenders were weakened by famine. Anitta utterly destroyed and cursed the Hittite capital. The later Hittite kings had to completely rebuild the city.

wn.com/Piyusti
Puduhepa
Puduhepa (Hittite: Pudu-Ḫepa, or Pudu-Kheba) was a Hittite queen married to the King Hattusili III. She has been referred to as "one of the most influential women known from the Ancient Near East".
Puduhepa was born at the beginning of the 13th century BCE in the city of Lawazantiya in Kizzuwatna (ie. Cilicia, a region south of the Hittite kingdom). Her father Bentepsharri was the head priest of the tutelary divinity of the city, Ishtar, and Puduhepa grew up to exercise the function of priestess of this same goddess.
On his return from the Battle of Kadesh, the Hittite general Hattushili met Puduhepa and, it was said, Ishtar instructed him to take her as his wife. She went with him then to the kingdom of Hapissa. When her spouse successfully rose to the Hittite throne by defeating his nephew Mursili III, Puduhepa became a queen.
She had an important role to play in the Hittite court and international diplomacy of the period. She would appear constantly by the side of her husband as he made his rulings and decisions. It appears however that she was portrayed reigning hand in hand with her husband rather than subservient to the king.

wn.com/Puduhepa
Tahurwaili
Tahurwaili was a king of the Hittites (Middle Kingdom), ca. mid 15th century BC (short chronology). He was a cousin of Telipinu.
As a first cousin of Telipinu, he must have been the son of one of Ammuna's brothers. This would have made him a direct male descendent of Zidanta I, so that his royal blood stemmed ultimately from Zidanta’s wife. It was tenuous, but the blood line was carried on.
Tahurwaili made a parity treaty with Eheya of Kizzuwatna. Its terms were very similar to those between Paddatiššu and Hantili II.

wn.com/Tahurwaili
Trevor R. Bryce
Trevor Robert Bryce (born 1940) is a Hittitologist specializing in ancient and classical Near-eastern history. He lives in Brisbane in a small unit where he is semi retired.
His book, The Kingdom of the Hittites, is much read among English-speaking readers since the study of the Hittites has predominantly been a German-dominated field. A new improved and updated edition of this popular book, featuring 90 additional pages, was published in 2005 by Professor Bryce. Bryce is a professor in the School of History, Philosophy, Religion, and Classics at The University of Queensland.
He has two children and five grandchildren. His son is a widely acclaimed Doctor who has produced documentaries associated with Aboriginal health.

wn.com/Trevor_R._Bryce
Tudhaliya I
Tudhaliya I (sometimes referred to as Tudhaliya II, or even Tudhaliya I/II) was a king of the Hittite empire (New kingdom) ca. the early 14th century BC (short chronology).
Proper numbering of the Hittite rulers who bore the name Tudhaliya is problematical. There was a Hattian era figure who bore the name Tudhaliya who may or may not have ruled as king. Other reconstructions insert a Tudhaliya directly after Muwatalli I, but before the Tudhaliya discussed here.
Some scholars call Tudhaliya I the first king of the New Kingdom, or Empire. Others give this honor to Suppiluliuma I. Tudhaliya may have been the grandson of the Middle Kingdom ruler Huzziya II. He may have been the direct successor of Muwatalli I, having overthrown him. The exact sequence of succession at the beginning of the New Kingdom is uncertain, however, because of the difficulty of placing Hattusili II. Tudhaliya I's reign includes a period of co-regency with Arnuwanda I, his son-in-law and adopted son.
The most famous event of Tudhaliya's reign was his conquest of the land Assuwa. Assuwa is believed to be the origin of Asia. Further, there were many component territories within Assuwa, including the lands Taruisa and Wilusiya, which are now generally accepted to be references to Troy/Ilios, although there is not enough evidence at this time to explain how these two lands came to apply to a single location.

wn.com/Tudhaliya_I
Tudhaliya II
Tudhaliya II (also Tudhaliya III) was a king of the Hittite empire (New kingdom) ca. 1360? – 1344 BC (short chronology). His mother was Ašmu-nikal.
The Hittite empire suffered serious losses of territory during Tudhaliya's reign, with even the capital itself being burnt down. But, under the able guidance of Tudhaliya's son, the future Suppiluliuma I, the Hittites began to make a recovery while Tudhaliya still sat on the throne.
The proper numbering of the Hittite rulers who bore the name Tudhaliya is problematic. There was a Hattian era figure who bore the name Tudhaliya who may or may not have ruled as king. Other reconstructions insert a Tudhaliya directly after Muwatalli I, but before the more famous ruler frequently credited with founding the Empire. The Tudhaliya discussed in this article will be generally found as either "the second" or "the third".

wn.com/Tudhaliya_II
Tudhaliya III
Tudhaliya III was a short-lived king of the Hittite Empire (New Kingdom) ca. 1344 BC (short chronology); he may have been the son and successor of Hattusili II, however he is normally viewed as the son and immediate successor of Tudhaliya II (according to the king count used here). He is never explicitly known to have been king at all. The Hittite texts refer to him as "Tudhaliya the child" (or, as an alternate translation, "Tudhaliya the Young(er)". He was killed by a group of officers that included his successor, and quite probably brother, Suppiluliuma I.
There is some difficulty concerning numbering of the Tudhaliyas (and Hattusilis) of the Hittite empire. This Tudhaliya is normally not included in Hittite king lists, and his father will often be seen listed as Tudhaliya III.

wn.com/Tudhaliya_III
Tudhaliya IV
Tudhaliya IV was a king of the Hittite Empire (New kingdom), and the younger son of Hattusili III. He reigned ca. 1237 BCE–1209 BCE. His mother was called Puduhepa.
Tudhaliya was likely born in his father's court in Hattusa, after his brother and crown prince Nerikkaili, but still while their father was governing on his brother Muwatalli II's behalf. He was a good friend of Kurunta, and Hattusili ordered that they stay on good terms.
After Hattusili as King wrote up a treaty with "Ulmi-Tessup" which confirmed Kurunta's rule over Tarhuntassa, Hattusili elevated Tudhaliya over his older brother to be his crown prince. Tudhaliya as king drew up a bronze tablet treaty confirming the links between him and Kurunta. During his reign, 13 dams were built after a severe drought, one of which still survives to this day at Alacahöyük.[1]
He suffered a severe defeat at the hands of Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria in the Battle of Nihriya, ca 1230 BCE.
Tudhaliya had a sister, queen Maathorneferure. He had two sons, who were the last two kings of the Hittites before their empire fell due to the Sea People.

wn.com/Tudhaliya_IV
Zidanta I
Zidanta I was a king of the Hittites (Old Kingdom), ruling for 10 years, ca. 1496–1486 BC (short chronology). According to the Edict of Telepinu, this king became a ruler by murder.
Zidanta was married to a daughter of the King Hantili I. He encouraged and helped Hantili to kill Mursili I and become king. At the end of Hantili's life, Zidanta killed Pišeni, the legitimate heir, together with Pišeni's children and foremost servants, and so made it possible for himself to become king. The royal blood was once again preserved through the female line.
It is known that his wife's name ends with either -ša or -ta.
Zidanta was killed by his very own son, Ammuna, who then succeeded him. Zidanta's grandson was Huzziya I.

wn.com/Zidanta_I
Zidanta II
Zidanta II (ca. 1450) was a king of the Hittites (Middle Kingdom), ca. late 15th century BC from 1480 to 1490 (short chronology).
He was probably a nephew of Hantili II and had a wife Yaya. Zidanta made peace through the means of a parity treaty with a ruler named Pilliya, his counterpart in Kizzuwatna. This was the last parity treaty ever signed by a Hittite king to a king of Kizzuwatna.
He was succeeded by Huzziya II although their relation remains unclear.

wn.com/Zidanta_II

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Hattusili III
Apology of Hattusili III
Title	King of the Hittites
Predecessor	Mursili III
Successor	Tudhaliya IV
Religion	Hittite religion
Spouse	Puduhepa Babylonian Princess
Children	Nerikkaili Tudhaliya IV Maathorneferure Kiluš-Ḫepa Gaššulawiya
Parents	Mursili II Queen Gassulawiya

Hattusili III (Hittite: "from Hattusa") was a king of the Hittite empire (New Kingdom or Late Empire) ca. 1267–1237 BC (short chronology).^[1]

1 Family
2 Biography
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

Family [link]

He was the fourth and last son of Mursili II. His mother was queen Gassulawiya and his brother was Muwatalli II.

Hattusili married Puduhepa, a priestess of Ishtar, who later became Hittite queen.

Biography [link]

Mursili appointed Hattusili as priest of Sausga of Samuha, and Hattusili remained loyal to the Ishtar of Samuha to the end of his days.

His older brother Muwatalli moved his seat in Tarhuntassa and appointed him governor of Hattusa.

Hattusili was a commander of Hittite forces during the famous Battle of Kadesh against Egypt in 1274 BC. Hattusili as governor, also reconquered Nerik and became the High Priest of its storm god. Hattusili named his eldest son and crown prince Nerikkaili in honor of this achievement.

His nephew, Mursili III (or Urhi-Teshub) moved the capital back to Hattusa (KBo 21.15 i 11-12), rendering Hattusili's governorship redundant. Mursili then deposed him from Nerik, triggering a civil war. Hattusili defeated and exiled his nephew. Hattusili renamed Urhi-Teshup's sibling Ulmi-Teshup "Kurunta" (or: married her off to Kurunta), and appointed Kurunta over Tarhuntassa in his place. After this, Hattusili elevated a junior son Tudhaliya IV as crown prince instead.

Hattusili and the Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II sealed a written peace treaty based upon Hittite models which, due to Egyptian monumental copies of it, has become the earliest well known treaty in history, establishing a long-lasting peace between the two rival empires. Ramesses married Hattusili's daughter, known the by the Egyptian name of Maathorneferure. Years later he married another Hittite princess.

An archive of over 200 letters have been found from the royal palace at Hattusa which show that Hattusili exchanged letters with numerous Near Eastern kings including Ramesses II. They are an important primary source for this period.

References [link]

^ Bryce, Trevor (1998). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-924010-4. , pp.xiii-xiv

External links [link]

Reign of Hattusili III
The Eternal Treaty from the Hittite perspective by Trevor Bryce, BMSAES 6 (2006), pp. 1–11

Preceded by Mursili III	Hittite king ca. 1267–1237 BC	Succeeded by Tudhaliya IV

Hittite kings

Hattic kings

c. 23rd–18th centuries BC	Pamba Pithana Piyusti Anitta Tudhaliya PU-Sarruma

Old Kingdom

c. 16th–15th centuries BC	Labarna I Hattusili I Mursili I Hantili I Zidanta I Ammuna Huzziya I Telipinu

Middle Kingdom

c. mid-to-late 15th century BC	Alluwamna Tahurwaili Hantili II Zidanta II Huzziya II Muwatalli I

New Kingdom

c. 14th–12th centuries BC	Tudhaliya I Arnuwanda I Hattusili II Tudhaliya II Tudhaliya III Suppiluliuma I Arnuwanda II Mursili II Muwatalli II Mursili III Hattusili III Tudhaliya IV Arnuwanda III Suppiluliuma II

Persondata
Name	Hattusili 03
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

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Contents

Family [link]

Biography [link]

See also [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Hattusili_III

Related pages:

http://it.wn.com/Hattušili III

http://id.wn.com/Hattusili III

http://es.wn.com/Hattusil III

http://ru.wn.com/Хаттусили III

http://pt.wn.com/Hatusil III

http://pl.wn.com/Hattusili III

http://fr.wn.com/Hattushili III

http://de.wn.com/Hattušili III.