Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1899

Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar.

Events[link]

January–March[link]

January 1: Cuba free.

• January 1
  • Spanish rule ends in Cuba.
  • Queens and Staten Island merge with New York City.
• January 6 – Lord Curzon becomes Viceroy of India.
• January 8 – SK Rapid Wien is founded.
• January 10 – The Tau Kappa Epsilon Fraternity is founded at Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois.
• January 17 – The United States takes possession of Wake Island.
• January 19 – Anglo-Egyptian Sudan is formed.
• January 21 – Opel Motors opens for business.

January 21: Opel car.

• January 22 – The leaders of six Australian colonies meet in Melbourne to discuss the confederation of Australia as a whole.
• February 2 – The Australian Premiers' Conference held in Melbourne agrees that Australia's capital (Canberra) should be located between Sydney and Melbourne.
• February 4 – The Philippine–American War begins as hostilities break out in Manila.
• February 6 – Spanish–American War: A peace treaty between the United States and Spain is ratified by the United States Senate.
• February 12–February 14 – Great Blizzard of 1899: Freezing temperatures and snow extend well south into North America, including southern Florida. It is the latest in a series of disasters to Florida's citrus industry.
• February 14 – Voting machines are approved by the U.S. Congress for use in federal elections.
• February 15 – The February Manifesto is issued by the Emperor of Russia subjugating the Diet of Finland to Imperial legislation. The Finnish estates lose their veto in regards to laws interpreted to concern all Russia, including autonomous Finland. The manifesto is viewed as unconstitutional and a coup d'état by the Finns who have come consider their country being in real union with Russia. Furthermore, the manifesto also fails to separate which laws are to be considered local or imperial, leading the Finns to fear that any law could be considered as imperial, therefore in fact stripping the Finnish diet of all its legislative power.
• February 16 – Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur (the first football club in Iceland). is established.
• February 25 – In an accident at Grove Hill, Harrow, London, England, Edwin Sewell becomes the world's first driver of a petrol-driven vehicle to be killed; his passenger, Maj. James Richer, dies of injuries three days later.^[1]
• March 1 – In Afghanistan, Capt. George Roos-Keppel makes a sudden attack on a predatory band of Chamkannis that have been raiding in the Kurram Valley, and captures 100 prisoners with 3,000 head of cattle.
• March 2 – In Washington State, USA, Mount Rainier National Park is established.
• March 4 – Cyclone Mahina sweeps in north of Cooktown, Queensland. A 12 m wave reaches up to 5 km inland, leaving over 400 dead.
• March 6
  • Felix Hoffmann patents aspirin.
  • Bayer registers aspirin as a trademark.

March 6: Aspirin.

• March 8 – The Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899 (prequel for Eintracht Frankfurt) is founded.
• March 20 – At Sing Sing, Martha M. Place becomes the first woman executed in an electric chair.
• March 24 – George Dewey is made Admiral of the US Navy.

April–June[link]

• April 15 – Students at the University of California, Berkeley steal the Stanford Axe from Stanford University yelling at leaders following a baseball game, thus establishing the Axe as a symbol of the rivalry between the schools.
• May 3 – Ferencvárosi TC football club is founded.
• May 13 – Esporte Clube Vitória is founded in Salvador, Brazil.
• May 14 – Three times world champion Nacional is founded.
• May 18 – The First Hague Peace Conference was opened in The Hague by Willem de Beaufort, Minister of Foreign Affairs of The Netherlands.
• May 30 – Female outlaw Pearl Hart robs a stage coach 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Globe, Arizona.
• May 31 – The launch of the Harriman Alaska Expedition.
• June 12 – A tornado completely destroys the town of New Richmond, Wisconsin, killing 117 and injuring more than 200.
• June 22–June 27 – The highest ever recorded individual cricket score, 628 not out, is made by A. E. J. Collins.
• June 25 – Three Denver, Colorado newspapers publish a story (later proved to be a fabrication) that the Chinese government under the Guangxu Emperor is going to demolish the Great Wall of China.
• June 27 – The paperclip is patented by Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor.^[2]
• June 30 – Mile-a-Minute Murphy earns his famous nickname this day, after he becomes the first man to ride a bicycle for one mile (1.6 km) in under a minute on Long Island.

July–September[link]

• July 17
  • America's first juvenile court is established in Chicago.
  • NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.
  • Battle of Togbao: The French Bretonnet–Braun mission is destroyed in Chad, by the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr.
• July 19 – The Newsboys Strike takes place when the Newsies of New York go on strike (strike lasts until August 2).
• July 29 – The first Peace Conference ends with the signing of the Hague Convention.
• July 30 – The Harriman Alaska Expedition ends successfully.
• August 3 – The John Marshall Law School is founded in Chicago
• August 10 – Marshall "Major" Taylor wins the world 1-mile professional cycling championship in Montreal, securing his place as the first African American world champion in any sport.^[3]
• August 17 – A hurricane makes landfall in North Carolina's Outer Banks, completely destroying the town of Diamond City.
• August 28 – At least 512 are killed when a debris hill from the Sumitomo Besshi copper mine at Niihama, Shikoku, Japan, collapses after heavy rain; 122 houses, a smelting factory, hospital and many other facilities are destroyed.^{[citation needed]}
• September 6 – The White Star Line's transatlantic ocean liner RMS Oceanic sails on her maiden voyage. At 17,272 gross tons and 704 ft (215 m), she is the largest ship afloat, following scrapping of the SS Great Eastern a decade earlier.^[4]
• September 13 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199m – 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
• September 19 – Alfred Dreyfus is pardoned.

Boer guerrillas during the Second Boer War

October–December[link]

• October 11 – The Second Boer War: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts.
• October 30 – The Augusta High School Building is completed in Augusta, Kentucky; Augusta Methodist College shuts down.
• November 4 – The Alpha Sigma Tau Sorority is founded in Ypsilanti, Michigan.
• November 8 – The Bronx Zoo opens in New York City.
• November 15 – The American Line's SS St. Paul becomes the first ocean liner to report her imminent arrival by wireless telegraphy when Marconi's station at The Needles contacts her 66 nautical miles off the coast of England.
• November 29 – The F.C. Barcelona football club is founded.
• December 2 –
  • Philippine–American War – Battle of Tirad Pass: ("The Filipino Thermopylae") General Gregorio del Pilar and his troops are able to guard the retreat of Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo before being wiped out.
  • During the new moon, a near-grand conjunction of the classical planets and several binocular Solar System bodies occur. The Sun, Moon, Mercury, Mars and Saturn are all within 15° of each other, with Venus 5° ahead of this conjunction and Jupiter 15° behind. Accompanying the classical planets in this grand conjunction are Uranus (technically visible unaided in pollution-free skies), Ceres and Pallas.
• December 16
  • The A.C. Milan is founded.
  • Augusta, KY: Augusta High School burns down due to a heating plant failure.
• December 26 – Second Boer War – Battle of Mafeking: The British inflict a crushing defeat on the Boers.
• December 31 – A large standing stone at Stonehenge falls over, the most recent time this has happened.

Date unknown[link]

• David Hilbert creates the modern concept of geometry with the publication of his book Grundlagen der Geometrie.
• The International Council of Nurses is founded.
• The significance of Chinese oracle bones is discovered.
• The North Carolina General Assembly incorporates the town of Manteo, which was originally laid out as the Dare county seat in 1870.
• Gold is discovered in Nome, Alaska.
• The German Trade Union Congress recognizes Collective bargaining.
• Japan gets the right of extraterritoriality.
• Riro, the last king of Easter Island, on a visit to Valparaíso, Chile, died either from alcohol poisoning or an assassination plot by the Chilean government.^[5]
• HP Sauce is founded.
• Oxo beef stock cubes introduced by Liebig's Extract of Meat Company.

Births[link]

January–March[link]

• January 1 – Jack Beresford, British Olympic rower (d. 1977)
• January 6 – Heinrich Nordhoff, German automotive engineer (d. 1968)
• January 7 – Francis Poulenc, French composer (d. 1963)
• January 11 – Eva Le Gallienne, English actress (d. 1991)
• January 12 – Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1965)
• January 14 – Carlos Romulo, Filipino diplomat (d. 1985)
• January 15 – Goodman Ace, American actor, comedian, and writer (d. 1982)
• January 17
  • Al Capone, American gangster (d. 1947)
  • Nevil Shute, English author (d. 1960)
• January 20 – Kenjiro Takayanagi, Japanese television development pioneer (d. 1990)
• January 21 – Dr John Bodkin Adams, suspected British serial killer (d. 1983)
• January 23 – Alfred Denning, Baron Denning, English lawyer, judge and Master of the Rolls (d. 1999)
• January 30 – Max Theiler, South African virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
• February 2 – Herbie Faye, American actor (d. 1980)
• February 3
  • Doris Speed, British actress (d. 1994)
  • Lao She, Chinese author (d. 1966)
• February 6 – Ramón Novarro, Mexican actor (d. 1968)
• February 7 – Earl Whitehill, American baseball player (d. 1954)
• February 15
  • Georges Auric, French composer (d. 1983)
  • Gale Sondergaard, American actress (d. 1985)
• February 17 – Leo Najo, American baseball player (d. 1978)
• February 22
  • George O'Hara, American actor (d. 1966)
  • Dechko Uzunov, Bulgarian painter (d. 1986)
  • Ian Clunies Ross, Australian scientist (d. 1959)
• February 23 – Erich Kästner, German writer (d. 1974)
• February 26
  • Alec Campbell, Australian WWI soldier, last Australian Gallipoli veteran (d. 2002)
  • Max Petitpierre, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1994)
• February 27 – Charles Best, Canadian medical scientist (d. 1978)
• March 8
  • Eric Linklater, American author (d. 1974)
  • Elmer Keith, American rancher, author, firearms enthusiast (d. 1984)
• March 11 – King Frederick IX of Denmark (d. 1972)
• March 13 – John Hasbrouck Van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
• March 18 – Jean Goldkette, French-born musician (d. 1962)
• March 24 – Dorothy C. Stratton, American director of the SPARS during World War II (d. 2006)
• March 27 – Gloria Swanson, American actress (d. 1983)
• March 28 – August Anheuser Busch, Jr., Founder of Anheuser-Busch brewery company (d. 1989)
• March 28 – Harold B. Lee, eleventh president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1973)
• March 29 – Lavrentiy Beria, Soviet official (d. 1953)

April–June[link]

• April 1 – Gustavs Celmiņš, Latvian fascist leader (d. 1968)
• April 4 – Hillel Oppenheimer, German-born Israeli botanist (d. 1971)
• April 7 – Robert Casadesus, French pianist (d. 1972)
• April 9 – Hans Jeschonnek, German general (d. 1943)
• April 16 – Osman Achmatowicz, Polish chemist (d. 1988)
• April 21 – Percy Lavon Julian, American scientist (d. 1975)
• April 22 – Vladimir Nabokov, Russian-born writer (d. 1977)
• April 23 – Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
• April 24 – Oscar Zariski, Russian mathematician (d. 1986)
• April 27 – Walter Lantz, American animator (d. 1994)
• April 29
  • Duke Ellington, American jazz musician, bandleader (d. 1974)
  • Mary Petty, American illustrator (d. 1976)
• May 8 – Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
• May 10
  • Fred Astaire, American singer, dancer, and actor (d. 1987)
  • Dimitri Tiomkin, Ukrainian-born composer (d. 1979)
• May 12 – Indra Devi, Baltic-born yogi and actress (d. 2002)
• May 15 – Jean-Étienne Valluy, French general (d. 1970)
• May 24 – Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (d. 1938)
• May 24 – Kazi Nazrul Islam, Bangladeshi National poet (d. 1976)
• May 30 – Irving Thalberg, American film producer (d. 1936)
• June 1 – Edward Charles Titchmarsh, British mathematician (d. 1963)
• June 2 – Lotte Reiniger, German-born silhouette animator (d. 1981)
• June 3 – Georg von Békésy, Hungarian biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1972)
• June 12 – Fritz Albert Lipmann, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1986)
• June 13 – Carlos Chávez, Mexican composer (d. 1978)
• June 14 – Yasunari Kawabata, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1972)
• June 26 – Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (d. 1918)
• June 27 – Juan Trippe, American airline entrepreneur and pioneer (d. 1981)
• June 30 – Harry Shields, American jazz clarinettist (d. 1971)

July–September[link]

• July 1 – Charles Laughton, English-American stage and film actor (d. 1962)
• July 5 – Marcel Achard, French play and scriptwriter (d. 1974)
• July 7
  • George Cukor, American film director (d. 1983)
  • Jesse Wallace, American naval officer, 29th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1961)
• July 10 – John Gilbert, American actor (d. 1936)
• July 11 – E. B. White, American writer (d. 1985)
• July 15 – Seán Lemass, Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 1971)
• July 17 – James Cagney, American actor (d. 1986)
• July 21
  • Hart Crane, American poet (d. 1932)
  • Ernest Hemingway, American author and journalist (d. 1961)
• July 22 – King Sobhuza II of Swaziland (d. 1982)
• July 29
  • Walter Beall, American baseball player (d. 1959)
  • Alice Terry, American film actress (d. 1987)
• August 4 – Ezra Taft Benson, 13th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1994)
• August 9 – Paul Kelly, stage & film actor (d. 1956)
• August 13 – Alfred Hitchcock, British film director (d. 1980)
• August 24
  • Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine writer (d. 1986)
  • Albert Claude, Belgian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1983)
• August 27 – Byron Foulger, American actor (d. 1970)
• August 28 – Vernon Huber, American Rear admiral (United States); 36th Governor of American Samoa (d. 1967)
• August 29
  • Lyman Lemnitzer, American general (d. 1988)
  • Rufino Tamayo, Mexican painter (d. 1991)
• August 30 – Ray Arcel, American boxing trainer (d. 1994)
• September 1 – Andrei Platonovich Klimentov, Russian-born Soviet writer (d. 1951)
• September 3 – Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Australian biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
• September 9
  • Brassaï, French photographer (d. 1984)
  • Waite Hoyt, American baseball player (d. 1984)
• September 13 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian fascist politician, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
• September 17 – Harold Bennett, British actor (d. 1981)
• September 21 – Frederick Coutts, 8th General of The Salvation Army (d. 1986)
• September 28 – Boris Yefimov, Russian political cartoonist (d. 2008)

October–December[link]

• October 1 – Ernest Haycox, American writer (d. 1950)
• October 3 – Gertrude Berg, American actress (d. 1966)
• October 4 – Franz Jonas, former President of Austria (d. 1974)
• October 5 – George, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1963)
• October 9 – Bruce Catton, American Civil War historian, Pulizer Prize winner (1954) (d. 1978)
• October 19 – Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• October 20 – Evelyn Brent, American actress (d. 1975)
• October 30 – Katarina Marinič, Slovenia's oldest person. (d. 2010)
• November 5 – Forrest Lewis, American actor (d. 1977)
• November 7 – Yitzhak Lamdan, Russian-born Israeli poet and columnist (d. 1954)
• November 13 – Vera Caspary, American screenwriter, novelist, playwright (d. 1987)
• November 15
  • Avdy Andresson, Estonian Minister of War in Exile (d. 1990)
  • Iskander Mirza, first President of Pakistan (d. 1969)
• November 17 – Douglas Shearer, American film sound engineer (d. 1971)
• November 18 – Eugene Ormandy, Hungarian conductor (d. 1985)
• November 21 – Jobyna Ralston, American actress (d. 1967)
• November 22 – Hoagy Carmichael, American composer, pianist, singer, actor, and bandleader (d. 1981)
• November 23 – Manuel dos Reis Machado, Brazilian martial arts Master (d. 1974)
• November 24 – Soraya Tarzi, Afghan feminist and queen (d. 1968)
• November 26 – Mona Bruns, American actress on the stage, films, radio, and television (d. 2000)
• December 14 – Deford Bailey, Country musician (d. 1982)
• December 2
  • John Barbirolli, English conductor (d. 1970)
  • Ray Morehart, American baseball player (d. 1989)
• December 3 – Hayato Ikeda, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1965)
• December 8 – John Qualen, Canadian-American actor (d. 1987)
• December 9 – Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (d. 1937)
• December 15 – Harold Abrahams, British athlete (d. 1978)
• December 16
  • Noël Coward, English actor, playwright, and composer (d. 1973)
  • Aleksander Zawadzki, former President of Poland (d. 1964)
• December 18 – Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian author and philosopher (d. 1990)
• December 25
  • Humphrey Bogart, American actor (d. 1957)
  • Frank Ferguson, American actor (d. 1978)
• December 28 – Eugeniusz Bodo, Polish actor (d. 1943)
• December 29 – Nie Rongzhen, Chinese Communist military leader (d. 1992)
• December 31 – Friedrich Panse, German psychiatrist (d. 1973)

Deaths[link]

January–June[link]

• January 16 – Emilio Castelar y Ripoll, President of the First Spanish Republic (b. 1832)
• January 23 – Romualdo Pacheco, Governor of California (b. 1831)
• January 31 – Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma, Princess-consort of Bulgaria (b. 1870)
• February 6
  • Leo von Caprivi, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1831)
  • Prince Alfred of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (b. 1874)
• February 16 – Félix Faure, President of France (b. 1841)
• February 25 – Paul Reuter, German-born news agency founder (b. 1816)
• March 3 – William P. Sprague, American politician from Ohio (b. 1827)
• March 6 – Princess Kaʻiulani, last monarch of Hawaii (b. 1875)
• April 5 – T. E. Ellis, Welsh politician (b. 1859)
• April 7 – Pieter Rijke, Dutch physicist (b. 1812)
• April 16 – Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet and revolutionary (b. 1875)
• April 22 – Johann Köler, Estonian painter (b. 1826)
• May 24 – William Brett, 1st Viscount Esher, British law lord (b. 1817)
• June 3 – Johann Strauss, Jr., Austrian composer (b. 1825)
• June 4 – Eugenio Beltrami, Italian mathematician (b. 1835)
• June 7 – Augustin Daly, American theatrical impresario and playwright (b. 1838)
• June 10 – Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)

July–December[link]

• July 18 – Horatio Alger, Jr., American writer (b. 1832)
• July 21 – Robert G. Ingersoll, American politician (b. 1833)
• July 27 – Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa, German chess-master (b. 1818)
• August 9 – Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia, Russian Grand Duke, younger brother of Nicholas II of Russia (b. 1871)
• August 16 – Robert Bunsen, German chemist (b. 1811)
• September 2 – Ernest Renshaw, British tennis player (b. 1861)
• September 12 – Cornelius Vanderbilt II, American railway magnate (b. 1843)
• September 17 – Charles Alfred Pillsbury, American industrialist (b. 1842)
• October 2 – Percy Pilcher, British aviation pioneer & glider pilot (b. 1866)
• October 30 – William Henry Webb, American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1816)
• November 16
  • Vincas Kudirka, Lithuanian doctor, poet, and national hero (b. 1858)
  • Julius Hermann Moritz Busch, German publicist (b. 1821)
• November 21 – Garret Hobart, 24th Vice President of the United States (b. 1844)
• November 23 – Thomas Henry Ismay, British owner of the White Star Line (b. 1837)
• November 24 – Abdallahi ibn Muhammad, Sudanese political and religious leader (killed in battle) (b. 1846)
• December 2 – Gregorio del Pilar, Filipino general (killed in battle) (b. 1875)
• December 10 – King Ngwane V of Swaziland (b. 1876)
• December 19 – Henry Ware Lawton, American general (b. 1843)
• December 22 – Dwight L. Moody, American evangelist (b. 1837)

References[link]

George Albert Smith
edit data
8th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
May 21, 1945 (1945-05-21) – April 4, 1951 (1951-04-04)
Predecessor	Heber J. Grant
Successor	David O. McKay
President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
June 21, 1943 (1943-06-21) – May 21, 1945 (1945-05-21)
End reason	Became President of the Church
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
October 8, 1903 (1903-10-08) – May 21, 1945 (1945-05-21)
Called by	Joseph F. Smith
End reason	Became President of the Church
LDS Church Apostle
October 8, 1903 (1903-10-08) – April 4, 1951 (1951-04-04)
Called by	Joseph F. Smith
Reason	Death of Brigham Young, Jr.
Reorganization at end of term	Marion G. Romney ordained
Personal details
Born	George Albert Smith (1870-04-04)April 4, 1870 Salt Lake City, Utah Territory
Died	April 4, 1951(1951-04-04) (aged 81) Salt Lake City, Utah
Resting place	Salt Lake City Cemetery 40°46′37.92″N 111°51′28.8″W / 40.7772°N 111.858°W / 40.7772; -111.858
Spouse	Lucy Emily Woodruff
Children	3
Signature

George Albert Smith, Sr. (April 4, 1870 – April 4, 1951) was the eighth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Early life[link]

Born in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, Smith was one of nineteen children of Mormon apostle John Henry Smith and one of his plural wives, Sarah Farr. His grandfather, for whom he was named, was also an LDS Church apostle as well as a cousin of Church founder Joseph Smith, Jr. John Henry Smith and George Albert Smith are the only father and son pair to have been members of the Quorum of the Twelve at the same time, having served in the Quorum together between 1903 and 1910.

Smith attended high school at Brigham Young Academy, graduating in 1884. He next graduated from the University of Deseret (later the University of Utah) in 1888. In 1896, he had joined the Republican Party and campaigned for William McKinley, who became President of the United States.^{[citation needed]} He also favored Theodore Roosevelt, McKinley's successor.^{[citation needed]}

While surveying for a railroad as a young man, Smith's eyesight was permanently impaired by glare from the sun.^[1] After 1903, Smith found his frequent travels debilitating, and began to show prominent symptoms of physical weakness. He was eventually diagnosed with lupus erythematosus, a chronic debilitating autoimmune disease.

Smith was known for his patriotism, joining various American patriotic groups and was an ardent supporter of the Boy Scouts. In 1934, the National Council of the Boy Scouts of America awarded him the prestigious Silver Buffalo Award. Smith was an avid genealogist and family historian and was named National Vice President of the Sons of the American Revolution in 1922.

Marriage and family[link]

On May 25, 1892, Smith married Lucy Emily Woodruff, the grand-daughter of Wilford Woodruff, in the Manti Temple. The couple later had three children. Lucy had spent much of her time growing up in the household of her grandfather Wilford Woodruff, and looked on him as almost more of a father than a grandfather.^[2] Smith's son George Albert Smith, Jr. became a professor at Harvard Business School.

• 

  George Albert Smith, ca. 1890

• 

  Lucy Emily Woodruff, wife of George Albert Smith

LDS Church service[link]

Just prior to his marriage to Lucy, Smith served as a Mutual Improvement Association missionary throughout many areas in Southern Utah.

Smith and his new wife Lucy were missionaries in the LDS Church's Southern States Mission under President J. Golden Kimball from 1892 to 1894. Smith was appointed mission secretary.

Smith was called to be a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in 1903. From 1920 until 1923 Smith served as president of the British and European Missions of the church. In this capacity, he preached in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Germany. From 1921 to 1935, Smith was the general superintendent of the church's Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association. In 1935 he was succeeded in this position by Albert E. Bowen.

With the death of President Rudger Clawson, in 1943, Smith was sustained as President of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and served in the position for two years.

Administration as President of the Church[link]

Smith became president of the church on May 21, 1945 with the death of Heber J. Grant. When World War II ended, Smith helped send supplies to Europe and was also known for his efforts to revitalize missionary work. He publicly denounced the activities and political influence of the American Ku Klux Klan. Smith dedicated the Idaho Falls Idaho Temple on September 23, 1945. Over his lifetime, he traveled approximately a million miles fulfilling church assignments.^[3]

George Albert Smith was the first president of the church to visit Mexico while in office. He went there to complete the reconciliation and return to the church of a group of apostate Mexicans known as the "Third Conventionists".^[4]

Death[link]

Smith died in Salt Lake City from systemic lupus erythematosus.^[5] He was buried at Salt Lake City Cemetery.

• 

  George Albert Smith's grave marker
• 

  Front side of monument to four generations of a branch of the Smith family, prominent in LDS history.
• 

  Back side of monument to four generations of a branch of the Smith family, prominent in LDS history.

Works[link]

• Smith, George Albert (1951). Sayings of a Saint. Alice K. Chase. 
• —— (1948). Sharing the Gospel With Others: Excerpts from the Sermons of President Smith. compiled by Preston Nibley. Deseret News Press. 
• —— (1996). Robert McIntosh and Susan McIntosh.. ed. The Teachings of George Albert Smith, Eighth President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Bookcraft, Inc.. 
• —— (2011). Teachings of Presidents of the Church: George Albert Smith. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. 

Notes[link]

External links[link]

Media related to George Albert Smith at Wikimedia Commons

• Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: George Albert Smith

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Al Capone
Capone in 1931
Born	(1899-01-17)January 17, 1899 Brooklyn, New York, United States
Died	January 25, 1947(1947-01-25) (aged 48) Palm Island, Florida, United States
Charge(s)	Tax evasion
Penalty	11 year sentence in Alcatraz
Occupation	Gangster, bootlegger, criminal, racketeer, boss of Chicago Outfit
Spouse	Mae Capone
Children	Albert Francis Capone

Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone (January 17, 1899 – January 25, 1947) was an American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate. The Chicago Outfit, which subsequently became known as the "Capones", was dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging liquor, and other illegal activities such as prostitution, in Chicago from the early 1920s to 1931.

Born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City to Italian immigrants, Capone became involved with gang activity at a young age after being expelled from school at age 14.^[1] In his early twenties, he moved to Chicago to take advantage of a new opportunity to make money smuggling illegal alcoholic beverages into the city during Prohibition. He also engaged in various other criminal activities, including bribery of government figures and prostitution. Despite his illegitimate occupation, Capone became a highly visible public figure. He made donations to various charitable endeavors using the money he made from his activities, and was viewed by many to be a "modern-day Robin Hood".^[2]

Capone's public reputation was damaged in the wake of his supposed involvement in the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, when seven rival gang members were executed.^[3] Capone was convicted on federal charges of tax evasion, and sentenced to federal prison. His incarceration included a term at the then-new Alcatraz federal prison. In the final years of Capone's life, he suffered mental and physical deterioration due to late-stage neurosyphilis, which he had contracted in his youth. On January 25, 1947, he died from cardiac arrest after suffering a stroke.

Early life[link]

Young Capone and his mother, Teresa

Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born in the borough of Brooklyn in New York on January 17, 1899.^[4] His parents, Gabriele (December 12, 1864 – November 14, 1920) and Teresina Capone (December 28, 1867 – November 29, 1952), were immigrants from Italy. His father, Gabriele, was a barber from Castellammare di Stabia, a town about 16 mi (26 km) south of Naples, and his mother, Teresa, was a seamstress and the daughter of Angelo Raiola from Angri, a town in the Province of Salerno.^[5]

Gabriele and Teresa had nine children: Alphonse "Scarface Al" Capone, James Capone (also known as Richard Two-Gun Hart), Raffaele Capone (also known as Ralph "Bottles" Capone, who took charge of his brother's beverage industry), Salvatore "Frank" Capone, John Capone, Albert Capone, Matthew Capone, Rose Capone, and Mafalda Capone (who married John J. Maritote). The Capone family immigrated to the United States, first immigrating from Italy to Rijeka, Croatia in 1893, traveling on a ship to U.S and settled at 95 Navy Street,^[4] in the Navy Yard section of downtown Brooklyn. Gabriele Capone worked at a nearby barber shop at 29 Park Avenue.^[4] When Al was 11, the Capone family moved to 38 Garfield Place^[4] in Park Slope, Brooklyn.

Capone showed promise as a student, but had trouble with the rules at his strict parochial Catholic school. He dropped out of school at the age of 14, after being expelled for hitting a female teacher in the face.^[1] He worked at odd jobs around Brooklyn, including a candy store and a bowling alley.^[6] During this time, Capone was influenced by gangster Johnny Torrio, whom he came to regard as a mentor.^[7]

Career[link]

After his initial stint with small-time gangs that included the Junior Forty Thieves and the Bowery Boys, Capone joined the Brooklyn Rippers and then the powerful Five Points Gang based in Lower Manhattan. During this time, he was employed and mentored by fellow racketeer Frankie Yale, a bartender in a Coney Island dance hall and saloon called the Harvard Inn. Capone received the scars that gave him the nickname "Scarface" in a fight.^[3] After he inadvertently insulted a woman while working the door at a Brooklyn night club, Capone was attacked by her brother Frank Gallucio; his face was slashed three times on the left side. Yale insisted that Capone apologize to Gallucio, and later Capone hired him as a bodyguard.^[8][9] When photographed, Capone hid the scarred left side of his face. He said the injuries were war wounds.^[8][10] Capone was called "Snorky" by his closest friends.^[11]