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Chander Buri O Magic Man - Watch Full Episode 236 of 13th January 2013

Content Patch - January 29th, 2013 - Ep. 037 [Dead Space 3, Blizz. All-Stars, Tomb Raider]

Content Patch - January 31st, 2013 - Ep. 038 [MoH, Arma Tactics, Xfire's Battleground]

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Aden
Aden (/ˈɑːdɛn/ AH-den; Arabic: عدن ʻAdan‎) is a seaport city in South Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some 170 kilometres east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately a million people. Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of a dormant volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a low isthmus. This harbour, Front Bay, was first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the 5th and 7th centuries BCE. The modern harbour is on the other side of the peninsula.
Aden consists of a number of distinct sub-centers: Crater, the original port city; Ma'alla, the modern port; Tawahi, known as "Steamer Point" in the colonial period; and the resorts of Gold Mohur. Khormaksar, located on the isthmus that connects Aden proper with the mainland, includes the city's diplomatic missions, the main offices of Aden University, and Aden International Airport (the former British Royal Air Force station RAF Khormaksar), Yemen's second biggest airport. On the mainland are the sub-centres of Sheikh Othman, a former oasis area; Al-Mansura, a town planned by the British; and Madinat ash-Sha'b (formerly Madinat al-Itihad), the site designated as the capital of the South Arabian Federation and now home to a large power/desalinization facility and additional faculties of Aden University.

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Assam
Assam /əˈsæm/ (Assamese: অসম) also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province (British India), is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country^{[citation needed]}. Assam was one of the original provinces of the British ruled Indian sub-continent and among the original provinces of present day India, having a legislature that dates back to 1937. However, present day Assam has undergone numerous territory alignment changes, with its state map being altered more than any other province's. Known for exquisite natural resources, geography and its important role in India's freedom struggle; Assam has its capital as Dispur, an especialized city circuit region located on the outskirts of its largest metropolis, Guwahati.
Assam is particularly famous for its natural beauty. The landscape includes tea gardens, the river Brahmaputra, and many historical monuments and temples. Swami Vivekananda once said that, "next only to Kashmir, Assam is the most beautiful place in India" A state with an abundance of forest, Assam also has five national parks, around half a dozen other wildlife sanctuaries, and is home to two-thirds of the population of the unique one-horned rhino. When it comes to wildlife, Assam too has successfully conserved the one-horned Indian rhinoceros from near extinction, along with the tiger and numerous species of birds, and it provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. It is becoming an increasingly popular destination for wildlife tourism, and Kaziranga and Manas are both World Heritage Sites.

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Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.

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Belarus
Belarus (ⁱ/bɛləˈruːs/ bel-ə-ROOSS; Belarusian: Беларусь, Russian pronunciation: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ] Russian: Беларусь, Белоруссия, Belarus', Belorussiya), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Vitsebsk). Over forty percent of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
Until the 20th century, the lands of modern-day Belarus belonged to several countries, including the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, Belarus became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). The borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were incorporated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland. The nation and its territory were devastated in World War II, during which Belarus lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 the Belorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR.

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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-fifth of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 33,700,000 km² (13,012,000 sq mi), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
During the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (and then, following union between England and Scotland in 1707, Great Britain) the dominant colonial power in North America and India. The loss of the Thirteen Colonies in North America in 1783 after a war of independence deprived Britain of some of its oldest and most populous colonies.

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Brittany
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] ( listen); Breton: Breizh, pronounced [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a cultural region in the north-west of France. Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain (as opposed to Great Britain). Brittany is considered as one of the six Celtic nations.
Brittany occupies the northwest peninsula of continental Europe in northwest France. It is bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Bay of Biscay to the south. Its land area is 34,023 km² (13,136 sq mi). The historical province of Brittany is divided into five departments: Finistère in the west, Côtes-d'Armor in the north, Ille-et-Vilaine in the north east, Loire-Atlantique in the south east and Morbihan in the south on the Bay of Biscay.
In 1956, French regions were created by gathering departments between them. The Region of Brittany comprises, since then, four of the five Breton departments (80% of historical Brittany), while the remaining area of the old Brittany, the Loire-Atlantique department, around Nantes, forms part of the Pays de la Loire region. This territorial organisation is regularly contested. The Kingdom and the Duchy of Brittany, the province of Brittany, and the modern Region of Brittany cover the Western part of Armorica, as it was known during the period of Roman occupation.

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California
California (pronounced ⁱ/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.

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Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (English /kəˈnɛəri ˈaɪləndz/; Spanish: Islas Canarias [ˈizlas kaˈnaɾjas, ˈihlah kaˈnaɾjas]), also known as the Canaries (Spanish: Canarias), is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union. The islands include (from largest to smallest): Tenerife, Fuerteventura, Gran Canaria, Lanzarote, La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro, La Graciosa, Alegranza, Isla de Lobos, Montaña Clara, Roque del Este and Roque del Oeste. The Canary Islands are legally recognized as a nationality of Spain. Geographically it is a part of the African Continent.^{[citation needed]}
The archipelago's beaches, climate and important natural attractions, especially Teide National Park and Mount Teide (the third tallest volcano in the world measured from its base on the ocean floor), make it a major tourist destination, with over 12 million visitors per year, especially Tenerife, Gran Canaria and Lanzarote. The islands have a subtropical climate, with long warm summers and moderately warm winters. Due to their location above the temperature inversion layer, these islands are ideal for astronomical observation. For this reason, two professional observatories, Teide Observatory on the island of Tenerife and Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma, have been built on the islands.

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Constantinople
Constantinople (Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις, Konstantinoúpolis; Latin: Constantinopolis; Ottoman Turkish: قسطنطینیه, Qostantiniyye; and modern Turkish: İstanbul) was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Latin and the Ottoman Empires. It was founded in AD 330, at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine I, after whom it was named. The city was the largest and wealthiest European city of the Middle Ages, and shared the glories of the Byzantine Empire, which was eventually reduced to the city and its environs.
Although besieged on numerous occasions by various peoples, it was taken only in 1204 by the army of the Fourth Crusade, in 1261 by Michael VIII, and in 1453 by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. An inner wall was erected by Constantine I, and the city was surrounded by a triple wall of fortifications, begun during the 5th century by Theodosius II. The city was built on seven hills as well as on the Bosporus, and thus presented an impregnable fortress enclosing magnificent palaces, domes and towers. The Church of Hagia Sophia, the sacred palace of the emperors, the hippodrome, and the Golden Gate were among the largest of the many churches, public edifices, and monuments lining the arcaded avenues and squares.

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County of Hainaut
The County of Hainaut (French: Comté de Hainaut, Dutch: Graafschap Henegouwen) was a historical region in the Low Countries with its capital at Mons (Bergen). In English sources it is often given the archaic spelling Hainault.
It consisted of what is now the Belgian province of Hainaut and the southern part of the French département Nord. In Roman times, Hainaut was situated in the Roman provinces of Belgica and Germania Inferior and inhabited by Celtic tribes, until Germanic peoples replaced them and ended Roman Imperial rule. Its most important cities were Mons (Bergen), Cambrai (Kamerijk) and Charleroi. Today the historic county of Hainaut is territorially divided between Belgium and France.
The County of Hainaut (pronounced: ĕ nō') arose about 900 in the Lotharingia region, when Duke Reginar I of Lorraine, a grandson of Frankish Emperor Lothair I, appeared as a "Count of Hainaut". After the death of the last Carolingian king in East Francia, Louis the Child in 911, Reginar joined the West Frankish realm under King Charles the Simple. His son and successor Duke Gilbert in 925 in turn submitted himself to the German king Henry the Fowler, whereafter the Duchy of Lotharingia remained a part of the German kingdom at the border with France.

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El Salvador
El Salvador ⁱ/ɛl ˈsælvədɔr/ (Spanish: República de El Salvador, literally 'Republic of The Savior') is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country as well as Central America. El Salvador borders the Pacific Ocean on the west, and the countries of Guatemala to the north and Honduras to the east. Its easternmost region lies on the coast of the Gulf of Fonseca, opposite Nicaragua. As of 2009, El Salvador had a population of approximately 5,744,113 people, composed predominantly of Mestizos.
The colón was the official currency of El Salvador from 1892 to 2001, when it adopted the U.S. Dollar.
In 2010 El Salvador ranked in the top 10 among Latin American countries in terms of the Human Development Index and in the top 3 in Central America (behind Costa Rica and Panama), due in part to ongoing rapid industrialization. In addition, tropical forests and overall forest cover has expanded by nearly 20 percent from the year 1992 to 2010. Making it one of the few countries experiencing reforestation.

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Ethiopia
Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/) (Ge'ez: ኢትዮጵያ ʾĪtyōṗṗyā), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km². Ethiopia is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With its capital at Addis Ababa, it is also the most populous landlocked nation in the world.
Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history, and the Ethiopian dynasty traces its roots to the 2nd century BC. Ethiopia is also one of the oldest sites of human existence known to scientists today, having yielded some of humanity's oldest traces. It may be the region from which Homo sapiens first set out for the Middle East and points beyond. Alongside Rome, Persia, China and India, the Ethiopian Aksum Empire was considered one of the great world powers of the 3rd century. During the Scramble for Africa, Ethiopia was the only African country beside Liberia that retained its sovereignty as a recognized independent country, and was one of only four African members of the League of Nations. After a brief period of Italian occupation, Ethiopia became a charter member of the United Nations. When other African nations received their independence following World War II, many of them adopted the colors of Ethiopia's flag, and Addis Ababa became the location of several international organizations focused on Africa.

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Finland
Coordinates: 65°N 27°E / 65°N 027°E / 65; 027
Finland ⁱ/ˈfɪnlənd/ ( Finnish: Suomi; Swedish: Finland (help·info)), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
Around 5.4 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region. It is the eighth largest country in Europe in terms of area and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Finland is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in Helsinki and local governments in 336 municipalities, and an autonomous region of the Åland Islands. About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area, which consists of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen and Vantaa, and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti and Kuopio.

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France
France (English ⁱ/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] ( listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km² / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.

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Genoa
Genoa /ˈdʒɛnoʊ.ə/ (Italian: Genova [ˈdʒɛːnova] ( listen); Genoese and Ligurian Zena [ˈzeːna]; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is the capital of Liguria and the sixth largest city in Italy, with a population of 608,676 within its administrative limits on a land area of 243.6 km² (94 sq mi). The urban zone of Genoa extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of 718,896. The urban area of Genoa has a population of 800,709. In the metropolitan area live between 859,000 and 1.4 million or 1.5 million people. Genoa is one of Europe's largest cities on the Mediterranean Sea and the largest seaport in Italy.
Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba ("the Superb one") due to its glorious past and impressive landmarks. Part of the old town of Genoa was inscribed on the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 (see below). The city's rich art, music, gastronomy, architecture and history, allowed it to become the 2004's European Capital of Culture. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus.

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Germany
Germany (ⁱ/ˈdʒɜrməni/), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland, pronounced [ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant] ( listen)), is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km² and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader in many fields.
A region named Germania, inhabited by several Germanic peoples, was documented before AD 100. During the Migration Period, the Germanic tribes expanded southward, and established successor kingdoms throughout much of Europe. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation while southern and western parts remained dominated by Roman Catholic denominations, with the two factions clashing in the Thirty Years' War, marking the beginning of the Catholic–Protestant divide that has characterized German society ever since. Occupied during the Napoleonic Wars, the rise of Pan-Germanism inside the German Confederation resulted in the unification of most of the German states into the German Empire in 1871 which was Prussian dominated. After the German Revolution of 1918–1919 and the subsequent military surrender in World War I, the Empire was replaced by the Weimar Republic in 1918, and partitioned in the Treaty of Versailles. Amidst the Great Depression, the Third Reich was proclaimed in 1933. The latter period was marked by Fascism and World War II. After 1945, Germany was divided by allied occupation, and evolved into two states, East Germany and West Germany. In 1990 Germany was reunified.

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Ghana
Ghana ⁱ/ˈɡɑːnə/ is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The word Ghana means "Warrior King" and is derived from the ancient Ghana Empire.
Ghana was inhabited in pre-colonial times by a number of ancient predominantly Akan kingdoms, including the inland Ashanti Empire, the Akwamu, the Akyem, the Bonoman, the Denkyira, and the Fante among others. Non-Akan states created by the Ga also existed as did states by the Dagomba. Prior to contact with Europeans trade between the Akan and various African states flourished due to Akan's gold wealth. Trade with European states began after contact with the Portuguese in the 15th century, and the British established the Gold Coast Crown colony in 1874 over parts but not all of the country.
The Gold Coast achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957, becoming the First sub-Saharan African nation to do so from European Colonialism. The name Ghana was chosen for the new nation to reflect the ancient Empire of Ghana, which once extended throughout much of west Africa.

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Haryana
Haryana /ˌhɑriˈɑːnə/ is a state in India. Constituted in 1966, it is one of two newly created states carved out of the greater Punjab province as a means of creating a stronger national identity. It has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar (VS 1189-1230). It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south. The river Yamuna defines its eastern border with Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. Haryana also surrounds Delhi on three sides, forming the northern, western and southern borders of Delhi. Consequently, a large area of Haryana is included in the National Capital Region. The capital of the state is Chandigarh which is administered as a union territory and is also the capital of Punjab.
Sites in Haryana were part of the Indus Valley and Vedic Civilizations. Several decisive battles were fought in the area, which shaped much of the history of India. These include the epic battle of Mahabharata at Kurukshetra mentioned in the Hindu mythology (including the recital of the Bhagavad Gita by Krishna), and the three battles of Panipat. Haryana was administered as part of the Punjab province of British India, and was carved out on linguistic lines as India's 17th state in 1966. Haryana is now a leading contributor to the country's production of foodgrain and milk. Agriculture is the leading occupation for the residents of the state, the flat arable land irrigated by submersible pumps and an extensive canal system. Haryana contributed heavily to the Green Revolution that made India self-sufficient in food production in the 1960s.

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Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh /hɨˈmɑːtʃəl prəˈdɛʃ/ (Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश [ɦɪmaːtʃəl prəd̪eːʃ] ( listen)) is a state in Northern India. It is spread over 21,495 sq mi (55,670 km²), and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on the south, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east.
Himachal Pradesh is known to be abundant in natural beauty After the Anglo Gorkha War, the British colonial government came into power. In 1950 Himachal was declared as a union territory but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971, Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Republic of India. Himachal has many prestigious boarding schools. Hima means snow in Sanskrit, and the literal meaning of the state's name is In the lap of Himalayas. It was named by one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh, Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma. Its name means "Abode of Snow".^{[citation needed]}
The Economy of the Himachal Pradesh is currently the third fastest growing economy in India. Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. Due to the abundance of perennial rivers, Himachal also sells hydro electricity to other states such as Delhi, Punjab and Rajasthan. The economy of the state is highly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism and agriculture.

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Honolulu
Honolulu /hoʊnoʊˈluːluː/ is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii. Honolulu is the southernmost major U.S. city. Although the name "Honolulu" refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu, the city and county government are consolidated as Honolulu County which covers the entire island. For statistical purposes, the U.S. Census Bureau recognizes the urban part of Honolulu as a census-designated place. Honolulu is a major financial center of the islands of the Pacific Ocean. The population of the census-designated place was 337,256 at the 2010 census, while the population of the city and county was 953,207. Honolulu is the most populous state capital relative to state population.
In the Hawaiian language, Honolulu means "sheltered bay" or "place of shelter". The old name is said to be Kou, a district roughly encompassing the area from Nuuanu Avenue to Alakea Street and from Hotel Street to Queen Street which is the heart of the present downtown district. The city has been the capital of the Hawaiian islands since 1845 and gained historical recognition following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor near the city on December 7, 1941, and as the birthplace of Barack Obama, the 44th and current President of the United States.

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Italy
Italy ⁱ/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km² (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.

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Jalalabad
Jalalabad (Pashto: جلال آباد Jalālābād), formerly called Adinapour (Pashto: آدينه پور) as documented by the 7th century Hsüan-tsang, is a city in eastern Afghanistan. Located at the junction of the Kabul River and Kunar River near the Laghman valley, Jalalabad is the capital of Nangarhar province. It is linked by approximately 95 miles (153 km) of highway with Kabul to the west. Jalalabad is the second-largest city in eastern Afghanistan as well as the centre of its social and business activity. Major industries include papermaking, as well as agricultural products including oranges, rice and sugarcane. Jalalabad is one of the leading trading centres with neighbouring Pakistan.
In 630 Xuan Zang, the famous Chinese Buddhist monk, visited Jalalabad. The city was a major center of Gandhara's Greco-Buddhist culture in the past until it was conquered by Muslim Arabs in the 7th century. However, not everyone converted to Islam at that period as some still refused to accept it. In a book called Hudud-al-Alam, written in 982 CE, it mentions a village near Jalalabad where the local king used to have many Hindu, Muslim and Afghan wives.

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Kennedy Space Center
The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the NASA installation that has been the launch site for every United States human space flight since 1968. Although such flights are currently on hiatus, KSC continues to manage and operate unmanned rocket launch facilities for America's civilian space program from three pads at the adjoining Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. Its iconic Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) is the fourth-largest structure in the world by volume and was the largest when completed in 1965.
Located on Merritt Island, Florida, the center is north-northwest of Cape Canaveral on the Atlantic Ocean, midway between Miami and Jacksonville on Florida's Space Coast. It is 34 miles (55 km) long and roughly 6 miles (10 km) wide, covering 219 square miles (570 km²). A total of 13,100 people worked at the center as of 2011. Approximately 2,100 are employees of the federal government; the rest are contractors.
Since December 1968, all launch operations have been conducted from Pads A and B at Launch Complex 39 (LC-39). Both pads are on the ocean, 3 miles (5 km) east of the VAB. From 1969–1972, LC-39 was the departure point for all six Apollo manned Moon landing missions using the Saturn V, the largest and most powerful operational launch vehicle in history, and was used from 1981–2011 for all Space Shuttle launches. The Shuttle Landing Facility, located just to the north, was used for most Shuttle landings and is among the longest runways in the world.

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Kraków
Kraków (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkrakuf] ( listen)) also Cracow, or Krakow (English /ˈkrækaʊ/), is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River (Polish: Wisła) in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life and is one of Poland's most important economic hubs. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1569; the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1596; the Grand Duchy of Kraków from 1846 to 1918; and Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1999. It is now the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second most important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was already being reported as a busy trading centre of Slavonic Europe in 965. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. The city has a population of approximately 760,000 whereas about 8 million people live within a 100 km radius of its main square.

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Lithuania
Lithuania (ⁱ/ˌlɪθuːˈeɪniə/ or /ˌlɪθjuːˈeɪniə/; Lithuanian: Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos Respublika) is a country in Northern Europe, the largest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark. It borders Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and a Russian exclave (Kaliningrad Oblast) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 3.2 million as of 2011, and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. The Lithuanians are a Baltic people, and the official language, Lithuanian, is one of only two living languages (together with Latvian) in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
For centuries, the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea was inhabited by various Baltic tribes. In the 1230s the Lithuanian lands were united by Mindaugas, who was crowned as King of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the first Lithuanian state, on 6 July 1253. During the 14th century, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the largest country in Europe: present-day Belarus, Ukraine, and parts of Poland and Russia were territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With the Lublin Union of 1569, Lithuania and Poland formed a voluntary two-state union, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth lasted more than two centuries, until neighboring countries systematically dismantled it from 1772 to 1795, with the Russian Empire annexing most of Lithuania's territory.

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Long Island
Long Island is an island located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of New York, just east of Manhattan. Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island contains four counties, two of which are boroughs of New York City (Queens and Brooklyn), and two of which are mainly suburban (Nassau and Suffolk). The term "Long Island" often refers only to Nassau and Suffolk counties in order to differentiate them from New York City, though all four counties are on the island and part of the New York metropolitan area.
As of the 2010 census, Long Island had a population of 7,568,304, making it the most populated island in any U.S. state or territory. It is also the 17th most populous island in the world, ahead of Ireland, Jamaica and the Japanese island of Hokkaidō. Its population density is 5,402 inhabitants per square mile (2,086 /km²). If it were a state, Long Island would rank 13th in population (after Virginia) and first in population density.
Both the longest and the largest island in the contiguous United States, Long Island extends 118 miles (190 km) eastward from New York Harbor to Montauk Point, and has a maximum north-to-south expanse of 23 miles (37 km) between the northern Long Island Sound coast and the southern Atlantic coast. With a land area of 1,401 square miles (3,629 km²), Long Island is the 11th largest island in the United States and the 148th largest island in the world — larger than the 1,214 square miles (3,140 km²) of the smallest state, Rhode Island.

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Montenegro
Montenegro (ⁱ/ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/; or /ˌmɒntɨˈnɛɡroʊ/; Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора [tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡɔ̌ra] ( listen), meaning "Black Mountain") is a country in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the southeast. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City.
In the 10th century, there existed three Slavic principalities on the territory of Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half, Travunia, the west, and Rascia, the north. In 1042, archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in independence of Duklja and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty. Duklja reached its zenith under Vojislav's son, Mihailo (1046–81), and his son Bodin (1081–1101). By the 13th century, Zeta had replaced Duklja when referring to the realm, which at the time was part of the Serbian Grand Principality of the Nemanjić dynasty.

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Nazi Germany
The Third Reich, also Nazi Germany, is the common name for Germany when it was a totalitarian state ruled by Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP). On 30 January 1933 Hitler became chancellor of Germany, quickly eliminating all opposition to rule as sole leader. The state idolized Hitler as its Führer ("leader"), centralizing all power in his hands. Historians have emphasized the hypnotic effect of his rhetoric on large audiences, and of his eyes in small groups. Kessel writes, "Overwhelmingly...Germans speak with mystification of Hitler's 'hypnotic' appeal..." Under the "leader principle", the Führer's word was above all other laws. Top officials reported to Hitler and followed his policies, but they had considerable autonomy. The government was not a coordinated, cooperating body, but rather a collection of factions struggling to amass power and curry favor with the Führer. In the midst of the Great Depression, the Nazi government restored prosperity and ended mass unemployment using heavy military spending and a mixed economy of free-market and central-planning practices. Extensive public works were undertaken, including the construction of the Autobahns. The return to prosperity gave the regime enormous popularity; the suppression of all opposition made Hitler's rule mostly unchallenged.

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New Orleans
New Orleans ( /nuː ˈɔrliənz/ or /ˈnuː ɔrˈliːnz/, locally /nuː ˈɔrlənz/ or /ˈnɔrlənz/; French: La Nouvelle-Orléans [la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃] ( listen)) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city proper was 343,829 as of the 2010 U.S. Census. The New Orleans metropolitan area (New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner Metropolitan Statistical Area) had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a larger trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,214,932.
The city is named after Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France, and is well known for its distinct French Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music (particularly as the birthplace of jazz), and its annual celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is often referred to as the "most unique" in America.

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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km²), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km²), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.

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Northern Cyprus
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti), commonly called Northern Cyprus, is a self-declared state that comprises the northeastern part of the island of Cyprus. Recognised only by Turkey, Northern Cyprus is considered by the international community to be occupied territory of the Republic of Cyprus.
Northern Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula in the north east, westward to Morphou Bay and Cape Kormakitis (the Kokkina/Erenköy exclave marks the westernmost extent of the area), and southward to the village of Louroujina/Akıncılar. A buffer zone under the control of the United Nations stretches between Northern Cyprus and the rest of the island and divides Nicosia, the island's largest city and capital of both states.
Tensions between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot populations in Cyprus culminated in 1974 with a coup d'état, an attempt to annex the island to Greece, and an invasion by Turkey in response. This resulted in the partitioning of the island, the resettlement of many of its inhabitants, and a unilateral declaration of independence by the north in 1983. Due to its lack of recognition, Northern Cyprus is heavily dependent on Turkey for economic, political and military support.

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Rhoads Opera House
The Rhoads Opera House, located in Boyertown, Pennsylvania, caught fire on January 13, 1908 during a church-sponsored stage play. The fire started when a kerosene lamp was knocked over, lighting gasoline from a stereoscopic machine. The stage and auditorium were located on the 2nd floor and all auxiliary exits were either unmarked or locked. One fire escape was available but unable to be accessed through a locked window above a 3 foot sill. 171 people perished when the exit was crowded against to escape the fire. Entire families were wiped out.
According to the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry, Philadelphians contributed relief funds of $18,000. Three morgues were set up and approximately fifteen thousand people attended funerals on a single day. One hundred and five new graves were dug in Boyertown's Fairview Cemetery.
In the days following the fire, Dr. Daniel Kohler, Burgess of Boyertown, appointed a relief committee, to whom the people were asked to report the names of missing persons, and who would arrange a proper and speedy burial of the dead. The Relief Committee would act in tandem with the National Bank of Boyertown (now known as National Penn Bank), to receive and distribute all contributions received from all sources. The Committee met three times a day the first weeks following the fire, once a day the next month and once a week for the next year. Irwin Ehst served as chairman, James Stauffer as secretary. On April 10, 1909, the Berks County Democrat, the newspaper published in Boyertown, PA, printed a detailed report of the income and expenditures of the Relief Committee. Total contributions received equaled $22,075.89. A total of $21,636.44 was expended. The largest contributors noted were Calvin Fegley, Treasurer of Pottstown ($2,000); Eishenlor Brothers Cigar Factory ($1,000) and Boyertown Burial Casket ($600).

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Rome
Rome (/ˈroʊm/; Italian: Roma pronounced [ˈroːma] ( listen); Latin: Rōma) is a city and special comune ("Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and the capital of Lazio (Latin: Latium). With 2.8 million residents in 1,285.3 km² (496.3 sq mi), it is also the country's largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. Between 3.2 and 3.7 million people live in the Rome metropolitan area. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.
Rome's history spans two and a half thousand years. It was the capital city of the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, which was the dominant power in Western Europe and the lands bordering the Mediterranean for over seven hundred years from the 1st century BC until the 7th century AD and the city is regarded as one of the birthplaces of western civilization. Since the 1st century AD Rome has been the seat of the Papacy and, after the end of Byzantine domination, in the 8th century it became the capital of the Papal States, which lasted until 1870. In 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic.

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Russia
Russia ⁱ/ˈrʌʃə/ or /ˈrʊʃə/ (Russian: Россия, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə] ( listen)), also officially known as the Russian Federation (Russian: Российская Федерация, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə] ( listen)), is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk, and the US state of Alaska by the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the eighth most populous nation with 143 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning nine time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources and is the largest producer of oil and natural gas globally. Russia has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.

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Serbia
Serbia ⁱ/ˈsɜrbiə/, officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija, pronounced [rɛpǔblika sř̩bija]), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; additionally, it borders Albania through Kosovo, whose status as part of Serbia is disputed. Serbia covers an area of 88,361 km² and has a population of just over 7.1 million, while the capital and largest city is Belgrade.
The arrival of the Serbs to the Balkans in the 7th century, established several states, eventually forming the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. By the 16th century, Serbia was conquered and occupied by the Ottoman Empire, at times interrupted by the Habsburgs. In the early 19th century the Serbian revolution re-established the country as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory and pioneered the abolition of feudalism in the Balkans. The former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina united with Serbia in 1918. Following World War I, Serbia formed Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples which existed in several forms up until 2006, when the National Assembly of Serbia declared independence and the legal succession to the former State Union. In February 2008 the parliament of UNMIK-governed Kosovo, Serbia's southern province, declared independence, with mixed responses from international governments.

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South Carolina
South Carolina (ⁱ/ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/) is a state in the Southeastern United States. It is bordered to the north by North Carolina; to the south and west by Georgia, located across the Savannah River; and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence from the British Crown during the American Revolution. The colony was originally named by King Charles II of England in honor of his father Charles I (Carolus being Latin for Charles). South Carolina was the 8th state to ratify the US Constitution and become a state which it did on May 23, 1788. South Carolina later became the first state to vote to secede from the Union which it did on December 20, 1860. It was readmitted to the United States on June 25, 1868.
South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 24th most populous of the 50 United States. South Carolina comprises 46 counties. The capital and largest city of the state is Columbia.

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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Spain
Spain (ⁱ/ˈspeɪn/ SPAYN; Spanish: España, pronounced: [esˈpaɲa] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de España), is a sovereign state and a member of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and two autonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco. Furthermore, the town of Llívia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 504,030 square kilometres (194,610 sq mi), it is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union after France, and the fourth largest country in Europe after Russia, Ukraine and France.

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Sweden
Sweden (ⁱ/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige (help·info)), is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund.
At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.4 million. Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54 /sq mi) with the population mostly concentrated to the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population live in urban areas. Sweden's capital city is Stockholm, which is also the largest city.
Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages. In the 17th century, the country expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire. The empire grew to be one of the great powers of Europe in the 17th and early 18th century. Most of the conquered territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were lost during the 18th and 19th centuries. The eastern half of Sweden, present-day Finland, was lost to Russia in 1809. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Sweden by military means forced Norway into a personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, practicing "non-participation in military alliances during peacetime and neutrality during wartime". However, Sweden has been a member of the European Union since 1 January 1995 and is a member of the OECD.

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Togo
Togo, officially the Togolese Republic ⁱ/ˈtoʊɡoʊ/, is a country in West Africa bordered by Ghana to the west, Benin to the east, and Burkina Faso to the north. It extends south to the Gulf of Guinea, on which the capital Lomé is located. Togo covers an area of approximately 57,000 square kilometres (22,000 sq mi) with a population of approximately 6.7 million.
Togo is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with a climate that provides good growing seasons. The official language is French, with many other languages spoken in Togo, particularly those of the Gbe family. The largest religious group in Togo are those with indigenous beliefs, and there are significant Christian and Muslim minorities. Togo is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, La Francophonie and Economic Community of West African States.
From the 11th to the 16th century, various tribes entered the region from all directions. From the 16th century to the 18th century, the coastal region was a major trading centre for Europeans in search of slaves, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast". In 1884, Germany declared Togoland a protectorate. After World War I, rule over Togo was transferred to France. Togo gained its independence from France in 1960.

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Ukraine
Ukraine (ⁱ/juːˈkreɪn/ yew-KRAYN; Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]; Russian: Украина; Crimean Tatar: Ukraina) is a country in Central and Eastern Europe. Ukraine borders the Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after the Russian Federation.
According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically recorded East Slavic state which emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages until it disintegrated in the 12th century. By the middle of the 14th century, Ukrainian territories were under the rule of three external powers—the Golden Horde, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Kingdom of Poland. After the Great Northern War (1700–1721) Ukraine was divided between a number of regional powers and, by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. A chaotic period of incessant warfare ensued, with several internationally recognized attempts at independence from 1917 to 1921, following World War I and the Russian Civil War. Ukraine emerged from its own civil war, and on December 30, 1922 Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic became one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian SSR's territory was enlarged westward during the civil war shortly before, and after World War II, and further south in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the founding members of the United Nations.

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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.

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Vilnius
Vilnius ([ˈvʲɪlʲnʲʊs] ( listen); see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania, and its largest city, with a population of 554,060 (838, 852 together with Vilnius County) as of 2011. It is the seat of the Vilnius city municipality and of the Vilnius district municipality. It is also the capital of Vilnius County. The first known written record of Vilnius as the Lithuanian capital is known from Gediminas' letters in 1323. Vilnius is classified as a Gamma global city according to GaWC studies.
The name of the city originated from the Vilnia River. The city has also been known by many derivate spellings in various languages throughout its history. The most notable non-Lithuanian names for the city include: Polish: Wilno, Belarusian: Вiльнюс, Вiльня, German: Wilna, Latvian: Viļņa, Russian: Вильнюс, Yiddish: ווילנע (Vilne). An older Russian name was Вильна / Вильно (Vilna/Vilno), although Вильнюс (Vilnius) is now used. The names Wilno, Wilna and Vilna have also been used in older English, German, French and Italian language publications. The name Vilna is still used in Finnish, Portuguese, Spanish, and Hebrew.

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Abbot Suger
Suger (c. 1081 – 13 January 1151) was one of the last Frankish abbot-statesmen, a historian, and the influential first patron of Gothic architecture.
Suger's family origins are unknown. Several times in his writings he suggests that his was a humble background, though this may just be a topos or convention of autobiographical writing. In 1091, at the age of ten, Suger was given as an oblate to the abbey of St. Denis, where he began his education. He trained at the priory of Saint-Denis de l'Estrée, and there first met the future king Louis VI of France. From 1104 to 1106, Suger attended another school, perhaps that attached to the abbey of Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire. In 1106 he became secretary to the abbot of Saint-Denis. In the following year he became provost of Berneval in Normandy, and in 1109 of Toury. In 1118, Louis VI sent Suger to the court of Pope Gelasius II at Maguelonne (at Montpellier, Gulf of Lyon), and he lived from 1121 to 1122 at the court of Gelasius's successor, Calixtus II.

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Abdul Fattah Ismail
Abd al-Fattah Ismail Ali Al-Jawfi (1939– 13 January 1986) (Arabic: عبد الفتاح إسماعيل علي الجوفي ʿAbd al-Fattāḥ Ismāʿīl‎) was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Council, head of state of South Yemen, and founder, chief ideologue, and first leader of the Yemeni Socialist Party from 21 December 1978 to 21 April 1980.
Born in July 1939 in the Hugariah district (Taiz) of North Yemen, he was educated in Aden, where he subsequently worked in an oil refinery from 1957 to 1961 as an apprentice. As a co-founder of the Arab Nationalist Movement in South Yemen, he contributed to the formation of a number of Movement cells before he was arrested by the British authorities in Aden for political incitement of workers.
In 1961 he became a school teacher in one of the Aden districts, and at the same time continuing political activity. He was a co-founder of the National Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (NLF). After the NLF started the 14 October 1963 Revolution for the liberation of South Yemen from British colonial rule, Ismail became a full time revolutionary, whereby he undertook the leadership of the NLF underground military wing (fedayeen) in Aden, as well as political activity.

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Adam Matthews
Adam James Matthews (born 13 January 1992) is a Welsh footballer who currently plays as a right back for Scottish Premier League club Celtic and the Welsh national team.
As a child, Matthews attended Penyrheol Comprehensive School in Swansea and before choosing football, was also a talented rugby player including being followed by the Ospreys rugby union side. Matthews' cousins, Liam and Sam, are both members of the academy at Cardiff City.
After playing local football, Matthews was taken on trial at Swansea City but suffered a broken arm and was told to come back when he had recovered from the injury. After returning to fitness Matthews attempted to return to Swansea but was told that their youth system was now full.
Matthews attended a trial at Swansea's South Wales rivals Cardiff City and as the only player of around forty attendants at the trial chosen, signed on academy terms at the age of 8 and, after making his way through the youth side, signed a professional contract in January 2009. On 21 April 2009 Matthews featured in the full side for the first time, when he was named as a substitute in a 2–2 draw with Charlton Athletic.

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African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States that have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.
African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term.
African-American history starts in the 16th century with African slaves who quickly rose up against the Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón and progresses to the present day, with Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there have been events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, including slavery, racism, Reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement.

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Akira Kaji
Akira Kaji (加地亮, Kaji Akira^?) (born January 13, 1980 in Minamiawaji, Hyōgo) is a Japanese professional football player. He is a specialist on the right-hand side of the pitch playing as a full back or a wide midfielder. He currently plays for J. League side Gamba Osaka.
After graduating from Takigawa Daini High School, Kaji joined Cerezo Osaka in 1998. He made his first league appearance on July 25, 1998 against Avispa Fukuoka. At the club, he found it difficult to break into the first team and was loaned out to J. League Division 2 side Oita Trinita at the start of the 2000 season.
After spending 2 years at Oita, Kaji came back to Division 1 in 2002 to play for F.C. Tokyo. The manager Hiromi Hara made him a regular and assigned a more attacking role. His club won the 2004 J. League Cup by beating Urawa Red Diamonds in the final which ended 0-0 after the extra time. The penalty shoot-out was required and his successful conversion as the last penalty taker for Tokyo finally broke the deadlock.

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Albert Lamorisse
Albert Lamorisse (French: [lamɔʁis]; 1922–1970) was a French filmmaker, film producer, and writer, who is best known for his award winning short films which he began making in the late 1940s, and also for inventing the famous strategic board game Risk in 1957. He was born in Paris, France.
He first came into prominence - just after Bim - for directing and producing White Mane (1953), an award winning short film that tells a fable of how a young boy befriends an untamable wild white stallion in the marshes of Camargue (the Petite Camargue).
His best known work is the short film The Red Balloon (1956), which earned him the Palme d'Or Grand Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, and an Oscar for writing the best original screenplay in 1956.
Lamorisse also wrote, directed and produced the well-regarded films Stowaway in the Sky (1960) and Circus Angel, as well as the documentaries Versailles and Paris Jamais Vu. In addition to films, he created the popular strategy board game Risk in 1957.
Lamorisse and his wife had three children: Pascal, a son, and two daughters named Sabine and Fanny. Pascal and Sabine were featured in The Red Balloon. Albert Lamorisse died in a helicopter crash while filming the documentary Le Vent des amoureux (The Lovers' Wind), during a helicopter-tour of Iran in 1970. His son and his widow completed the film, based on his production notes, and released the film eight years later, in 1978. It was nominated for a posthumous Oscar for best documentary.

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Alexandre Pliuschin
Alexandre Pliuschin (Russian: Александр Плюшкин, born January 13, 1987 in Chişinău) is a Moldovan road bicycle racer for UCI Continental Team Leopard Trek. He won the National Road Race Champion (2008, 2010, 2011).
Pliuschin also represented Moldova in the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, having participated in the Men's Road Race and the Men's Individual Pursuit.

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Alexandre Ribot
Alexandre-Félix-Joseph Ribot (French pronunciation: [alɛksɑ̃dʁ ʁibo]; 7 February 1842 – 13 January 1923) was a French politician, four times Prime Minister.
Ribot was born in Saint-Omer, Pas-de-Calais. After a brilliant academic career at the University of Paris, where he was lauréat of the faculty of law, he rapidly made his mark at the bar. He was secretary of the conference of advocates and one of the founders of the Sociéte de legislation comparée. During 1875 and 1876 he was successively director of criminal affairs and secretary-general at the ministry of justice. In 1877 he entered politics, playing a conspicuous part on the committee of legal resistance during the Brogue ministry; in the following year he was returned to the chamber as a moderate republican member for Boulogne, in his native département of Pas-de-Calais.
His impassioned yet reasoned eloquence gave him an influence which was increased by his articles in the Parlement in which he opposed violent measures against the unauthorized congregations. He devoted himself especially to financial questions, and in 1882 was reporter of the budget. He became one of the most prominent republican opponents of the Radical party, distinguishing himself by his attacks on the short-lived Gambetta ministry. He refused to vote the credits demanded by the Ferry cabinet for the Tongking expedition, and helped Georges Clemenceau overthrow the ministry in 1885. At the general election of that year he was a victim of the Republican rout in the Pas-de-Calais, and did not re-enter the chamber till 1887.

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Alfred Fuller
Alfred Carl Fuller (January 13, 1885 – December 4, 1973) was a Canadian-born American businessman. He was the original "Fuller Brush Man."
Fuller was born on an Annapolis Valley farm in Welsford, Kings County, Nova Scotia. He moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1903 at the age of 18 to live with his sister. A few years later, in 1906, with a $75.00 investment, he started the Fuller Brush Company in Hartford, Connecticut, selling brushes door to door. By 1919, the company had achieved sales of more than $1 million per year.
Fuller Brush went on to be recognized throughout North America, even inspiring two comedy films, The Fuller Brush Man (1948) and The Fuller Brush Girl (1950). In 1961 Fuller recorded the secrets to his success on Folkways Records on an album entitled, Careers in Selling: An Interview with Alfred C. Fuller.^{[citation needed]} The company remained in the Fuller family’s hands until 1968, when it was acquired by Sara Lee Corporation.
Fuller divorced his wife Evelyn in 1930. Fuller maintained a lifelong connection with his native Nova Scotia, buying a home in Yarmouth, where he and his family spent most summers.^{[citation needed]}

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Ali Nasir Muhammad
Ali Nasir Muhammad Husani (Arabic: علي ناصر محمد الحسني‎) (born 1939) was twice president of South Yemen. He served as Chairman of the Presidential Council from 26 June 1978 - 27 December 1978. In April 1980, South Yemeni president Abdul Fattah Ismail resigned and went into exile. His successor was Ali Nasir Muhammad who took a less interventionist stance toward both North Yemen and neighbouring Oman. On January 13, 1986, a violent struggle began in Aden between Ali Nasir's supporters and supporters of the returned Ismail. Fighting lasted for more than a month and resulted in thousands of casualties, Ali Nasir's ouster, and Ismail's death. Muhammad's term had lasted from 21 April 1980 to 24 January 1986. Some 60,000 people, including the deposed Ali Nasir, fled to North Yemen. He was succeeded by Haidar Abu Bakr al-Attas.
Mohammed was a member of the National Front, ar. الجبهة القومية (NF) as well as the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP - الحزب الاشتراكي اليمني ) after the YSP was formed from the UPONF in October 1978. During the 1994 Civil War in Yemen, he pushed his supporters to operate alongside the forces of Sana'a government and against the recently re-established Democratic Republic of Yemen, seeking revenge for his ouster. The southern secession was repressed in July 1994 after the surrender of Aden and Mukalla strongholds.

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Anatole de Grunwald
Anatole "Tolly" de Grunwald (25 December 1910 –13 January 1967) was a British film producer and screenwriter.
Anatole de Grunwald was born in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), Russia, the son of a diplomat in the service of Tsar Nicholas II. He was seven years old when his father was forced to flee with his family to England during the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. He grew up in England, studied at Cambridge and the Sorbonne and started a career as a journalist. He turned to screenwriting in 1939 for the British film industry, then became a producer.
He was appointed managing director of Two Cities Films, and later formed his own production company with his brother, Dimitri De Grunwald in 1946. De Grunwald contributed to the scripts of many of his productions, including The Winslow Boy (1948) and The Holly and the Ivy (1952). Most of his films were British productions, although in the 1960s he did venture to the United States to produce a few films, then returned to England for the remainder of his career. Anatole de Grunwald's final film efforts included The V.I.P.s (1963) and The Yellow Rolls-Royce (1965). He worked in close collaboration with the director Anthony Asquith and the dramatist Terence Rattigan, with whom he made several films.

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Andre Kostelanetz
André Kostelanetz (Russian: Андрей Костеланец, December 22, 1901 – January 13, 1980) was a popular orchestral music conductor and arranger, one of the pioneers of easy listening music.
Born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kostelanetz escaped in 1922 after the Russian Revolution.^{[citation needed]} He arrived in the United States that year, and in the 1920s, conducted concerts for radio. In the 1930s, he began his own weekly show on CBS, André Kostelanetz Presents.
Kostelanetz was known for arranging and recording light classical music pieces for mass audiences, as well as orchestral versions of songs and Broadway show tunes. He made numerous recordings over the course of his career, which had sales of over 50 million and became staples of beautiful music radio stations.^{[citation needed]} For many years, Kostelanetz also conducted the New York Philharmonic in pops concerts and recordings, in which they were billed as Andre Kostelanetz and His Orchestra.
André Kostelanetz may be best known to modern audiences for a series of easy listening instrumental albums on Columbia Records from the 1940s until 1980. Kostelanetz actually started making this music before there was a genre called "easy listening"^{[citation needed]}. He continued until after some of his contemporaries, including Mantovani, had stopped recording.

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Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventh President of the United States (1829–1837). Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814), and the British at the Battle of New Orleans (1815). A polarizing figure who dominated the Second Party System in the 1820s and 1830s, as president he destroyed the national bank and relocated most Indian tribes from the Southeast to west of the Mississippi River. His enthusiastic followers created the modern Democratic Party. The 1830–1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy.
Jackson was nicknamed "Old Hickory" because of his toughness and aggressive personality; he fought in duels, some fatal to his opponents. He was a rich slaveholder, who appealed to the common men of the United States, and fought politically against what he denounced as a closed, undemocratic aristocracy. He expanded the spoils system during his presidency to strengthen his political base.

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Antoinette Bourignon
Antoinette Bourignon de la Porte (January 13, 1616 – October 30, 1680) was a Flemish mystic. From an early age she was under the influence of religion, which took in course of time a mystical turn.
Born in Lille with a facial deformity, Antoinette belonged to a rich Catholic family. She left her family and home after being proposed to, unwilling to marry. She started a girls' correction home with inheritance money. When one of the girls died, she fled to Ghent and Mechelen. With a follower she moved to Amsterdam, where she met Jean de Labadie, Comenius and Anna Maria van Schurman. There she published her ideas. Her religious enthusiasm, peculiarity of views and disregard of all sects raised both zealous persecutors and warm adherents. In 1671 she inherited the island Nordstrand not far from Husum, where she moved with a few followers and started a commune. She set up a printing press and carried on the liveliest literary controversy, calling herself the new Eve until her press was confiscated by the local government. The Lutheran clergy no longer tolerating her actions, she moved to East-Friesland and founded a hospital. On her way to Amsterdam she died at Franeker, Friesland, on 30 October 1680. She left a large number of followers, which dwindled rapidly away.

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Antonio Tartaglia
Antonio Tartaglia (born 13 January 1968 in Casalbordino) is an Italian bobsledder who competed in the 1990s. Together with teammate Günther Huber he won a gold medal in the two-man event at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano (Shared with Canada).
Tartaglia also won a silver medal in the two-man event at the 1997 FIBT World Championships in St. Moritz.

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Art Ross
Arthur Howey "Art" Ross (January 13, 1886 – August 5, 1964) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman and executive from 1905 until 1954. Regarded as one of the best defenders of his era by his peers, he was one of the first to skate with the puck up the ice rather than pass it to a forward. He was on Stanley Cup championship teams twice in a playing career that lasted thirteen seasons; in January 1907 with the Kenora Thistles and 1908 with the Montreal Wanderers. Like other players of the time, Ross played for several different teams and leagues, and is most notable for his time with the Wanderers while they were members of the National Hockey Association (NHA) and its successor, the National Hockey League (NHL). In 1911 he led one of the first organized player strikes over increased pay. When the Wanderers' home arena burned down in January 1918, the team ceased operations and Ross retired as a player.
After several years as an on-ice official, he was named head coach of the Hamilton Tigers for one season. When the Boston Bruins were formed in 1924, Ross was hired as the first coach and general manager of the team. He would go on to coach the team on four separate occasions until 1945 and stayed as general manager until his retirement in 1954. Ross helped the Bruins finish first place in the league ten times and to win the Stanley Cup three times; Ross personally coached the team to one of those victories. After being hired by the Bruins, Ross, along with his wife and two sons, moved to a suburb of Boston, and became an American citizen in 1938. He died near Boston in 1964.

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Ashmit Patel
Ashmit Amit Patel (born 13 January 1978) is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films.
Patel was born to a Gujarati Hendre Patel Hindu family in Mumbai. He is the son of Amit Patel and Asha Patel, the younger brother of Amisha Patel, and the grandson of the famous lawyer-politician Barrister Rajni Patel who was the Congress Pradesh Committee President of Mumbai (then Bombay). His birth name is an amalgamation of his parents' names.
Patel studied at the Cathedral and John Connon School in Mumbai and later attended the University of Texas at Austin in United States, from which he received a Bachelor's Degree in Business in 2000. After graduation he worked in his father's business for a while, but later decided to act in films like his sister.
Patel started his career as an assistant director and worked with Vikram Bhatt in the making of his films, Aap Mujhe Achche Lagne Lage (2002), Awara Paagal Deewana (2002), Raaz (2002) and Footpath (2003). He made his acting debut with the film Inteha directed by Vikram Bhatt. In 2004, he appeared alongside Mallika Sherawat and Emraan Hashmi in the thriller Murder, a Bollywood inspiration of Unfaithful. The film was his first commercial success.

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Atoosa Rubenstein
Atoosa Rubenstein (born Atoosa Behnegar in Tehran, Iran in 1972) was the editor-in-chief of Seventeen magazine. She was also the founding editor of CosmoGIRL!. She is currently the founder of Big Momma Productions, Inc. and Atoosa.com.
Her father, Mansoor Behnegar, a colonel in the Iranian air force, moved the family to Queens, New York when she was three. They later relocated to Malverne, Long Island.
As an undergraduate student at Barnard College, Rubenstein became a public relations intern at Lang Communications, the company that bought Sassy magazine. Though she loved the magazine industry, she had to work at Carvel and retail stores to pay her bills. Rubenstein had to drop out of her sorority and take night classes to take part in her second internship, which led to a position in the editorial department of American Health magazine. She was a member of the Alpha Chi Omega Sorority at Barnard College.
Columbia University honored Rubenstein in 2004 by naming her one of the top 250 alumni through the ages. She was also recognized by the Girl Scout Council of Greater New York as a Woman of Distinction. Rubenstein has been featured in Crain's New York Business “40 Under 40” and Folio's “30 Under 30.” In addition to her professional work, she is a member of The Candie’s Foundation Board of Directors, which helps educate young people about the consequences of teen pregnancy.

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Ben Jonson
Benjamin "Ben" Jonson (c. 11 June 1572 – 6 August 1637) was an English Renaissance dramatist, poet and actor. A contemporary of William Shakespeare, he is best known for his satirical plays, particularly Volpone, The Alchemist, and Bartholomew Fair, which are considered his best, and his lyric poems. A man of vast reading and a seemingly insatiable appetite for controversy, Jonson had an unparalleled breadth of influence on Jacobean and Caroline playwrights and poets.
Jonson claimed his family was of Scottish Border country descent, and this claim may have been supported by the fact that his coat of arms bears three spindles or rhombi, a device shared by a Borders family, the Johnstones of Annandale. His father died a month before Ben's birth, and his mother remarried two years later, to a master bricklayer. Jonson attended school in St. Martin's Lane, and was later paid for by a friend to go to Westminster School, where one of his teachers was William Camden. Jonson remained friendly with Camden, whose broad scholarship evidently influenced his own style, until the latter's death in 1623. On leaving, Jonson was once thought to have gone on to the University of Cambridge, but Jonson himself contradicts this, saying that he did not go to university, but was put to a trade, probably bricklaying, immediately: a legend recorded by Thomas Fuller indicates that he worked on a garden wall in Lincoln's Inn. He soon had enough of the trade and spent some time in the Low Countries as a volunteer with the regiments of Francis Vere. In conversations with poet William Drummond of Hawthornden, subsequently published as the Hawthornden Manuscripts, Jonson reports that while in the Netherlands he killed an opponent in single combat and stripped him of his weapons.

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Bill Bailey
Bill Bailey (born Mark Bailey; 13 January 1964) is an English comedian, musician and actor. As well as his extensive stand-up work, Bailey is well known for his role in Black Books and his appearances on Never Mind the Buzzcocks, Have I Got News for You, and QI.
Bailey was listed by the Observer as one of the 50 funniest acts in British comedy in 2003. In 2007 and again in 2010, he was voted the 7th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups.
Bailey was born in Bath, Somerset and spent most of his childhood in Keynsham, a town situated between Bath and Bristol in the West of England. His father was a medical practitioner and his mother was a hospital ward sister. His maternal grandparents lived in an annexe, built on the side of the house by his maternal grandfather who was a stonemason and builder. Two rooms at the front of the family house were for his father's surgery.
Bailey was educated at King Edward's School, an independent school in Bath where he was initially a highly academic pupil winning most of the prizes. However, at about the age of 15 years, he started to become distracted from school work when he realised the thrill of performance as a member of a school band called Behind Closed Doors, which played mostly original work. He was the only pupil at his school to study A-level music and he passed with an A grade. He also claims to have been good at sport (captain of KES 2nd XI cricket team 1982), which often surprised his teachers. He would often combine music and sport by leading the singing on the long coach trip back from away rugby fixtures. It was here that he was given his nickname Bill by his music teacher, Ian Phipps, for being able to play the song "Won't You Come Home Bill Bailey" so well on the guitar.

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Bob Forsch
Robert Herbert Forsch (January 13, 1950 – November 3, 2011) was an American right-handed starting pitcher who spent most of his sixteen years in Major League Baseball (MLB) with the St. Louis Cardinals (1974–1988) before finishing his playing career with the Houston Astros (1988–1989). He was a member of the 1982 World Series Champions and National League (NL) pennant winners in 1985 and 1987.
A twenty-game winner in 1977, he is third amongst all Cardinals pitcher in victories with 163. He is also the only player in team history to pitch more than one no-hitter, achieving it twice in 1978 and 1983. Along with Ken Forsch, they are the only brothers to have each performed the feat in the majors.
Forsch graduated from Hiram Johnson High School in Sacramento, California, and attended Sacramento City College. He was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 26th round of the 1968 Major League Baseball Draft as a third baseman, eight rounds after his brother was selected by the Houston Astros. He compiled a .223 batting average with four home runs before he was converted to a pitcher with the Cards' low A affiliate, the Lewiston Broncs, in 1970. Forsch went 41-37 with a 3.96 earned run average over four and a half seasons pitching in their farm system.

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Brandon Tartikoff
Brandon Tartikoff (January 13, 1949 – August 27, 1997) was a television executive who was credited with turning around NBC's low prime time reputation with such hit series as Hill Street Blues, L.A. Law, ALF, Family Ties, The Cosby Show, Cheers, Seinfeld, Miami Vice, The Golden Girls, Knight Rider, The A-Team, St. Elsewhere, Night Court, Hunter, Highway to Heaven, Matlock, Remington Steele, A Different World, 227 and Empty Nest.
Tartikoff also helped develop Punky Brewster, for which he named the title character after a girl he had a crush on in school. Punky Brewster's pet dog Brandon was named after Tartikoff. He was also involved in the creation of the acclaimed Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Beggars and Choosers.
Born in Freeport, New York, Tartikoff was a graduate of the Lawrenceville School and Yale University, and started his career at WLS-TV in Chicago, Illinois. While attending Yale, Tartikoff worked as an account executive and sales manager of WNHC-TV in New Haven, Connecticut and Hartford, Connecticut. After graduating from Yale, he took a series of jobs in advertising and local television. Tartikoff spent vacations in Los Angeles looking for a job in network television.

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Brock Adams
Brockman "Brock" Adams (January 13, 1927 – September 10, 2004) was an American politician and member of Congress. Adams was a Democrat from Washington and served as a U.S. Representative, Senator, and United States Secretary of Transportation before retiring in January 1993.
Adams was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and attended the public schools in Portland, Oregon. He attended the University of Washington at Seattle where in 1948 he was elected president of the student government (ASUW) and was the first student to both serve in that post and receive the President’s Medal of Excellence as the University’s top scholar. He graduated in 1949 and was admitted to Harvard Law School, where he earned his law degree in 1952. Adams served in the U.S. Navy from 1944 to 1946, and was admitted to the Washington state bar in 1952, opening a private practice in Seattle. Adams taught law at the American Institute of Banking from 1954 to 1960, and served as United States Attorney for the Western District of Washington from 1961 to 1964.

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Bryan Arguez
Bryan Joshua Arguez (born January 13, 1989 in Miami) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder for Montreal Impact in Major League Soccer.
Arguez was selected by D.C. United in the first round (eleventh overall) of the 2007 MLS SuperDraft. However, he never made a first-team appearance for the club. Arguez signed with Hertha BSC of the German Bundesliga on January 25, 2008, for a fee of €200,000, having never played a competitive match for D.C. United. Arguez made his lone league appearance on February 2, 2008, against Eintracht Frankfurt
On 3 August 2009, Arguez was brought in for a trial by Belgian club Charleroi. Later that month, he turned down an offer from FSV Frankfurt. After two years and only one Fußball-Bundesliga match, he was released by Hertha BSC in December 2009. After his release, Arguez was invited to train with Brazilian team Flamengo.
Arguez signed with Miami FC in the USSF Division 2 Professional League in January 2010, and was immediately sent on loan by his parent company, Traffic Sports, to Estoril Praia, but he returned to the United States in April, having never made a first team appearance for the Portuguese club. He subsequently played seven games for Miami, but was released by the team mid-season.

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Camargo Guarnieri
Mozart Camargo Guarnieri (February 1, 1907, Tietê, São Paulo – January 13, 1993, São Paulo) was a Brazilian composer.
He was registered at birth as Mozart Guarnieri, but when he began a musical career, he decided his first name was too pretentious and subject to puns. Thus he adopted his mother's maiden name Camargo as a middle name, and thenceforth signed himself M. Camargo Guarnieri. In 1948, he legally changed his name to Mozart Camargo Guarnieri, but continued to sign only the initial of his first name. One of his brothers was named Rossine, a Portuguese misspelling of Rossini Guarnieri, another one Verdi Guarnieri.
He studied piano and composition at the São Paulo Conservatório, and subsequently worked with Charles Koechlin in Paris. Some of his compositions received important prizes in the United States in the 1940s, giving Guarnieri the opportunity of conducting them in New York, Boston, Los Angeles and Chicago. A distinguished figure of the Brazilian national school, he served in several capacities; conductor of the São Paulo Orchestra, member of the Academia Brasileira de Música, and Director of the São Paulo Conservatório, where he taught composition and orchestral conducting. In 1936 he was the first conductor of the Coral Paulistano choir. His œuvre comprises symphonies, concertos, cantatas, two operas, chamber music, many piano pieces, and over fifty canções. He is universally recognised as the most important Brazilian composer after Heitor Villa-Lobos. Shortly before his death in 1993, he was awarded the Gabriela Mistral Prize by the Organization of American States as the greatest contemporary composer of the Americas.

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Canute IV of Denmark
Canute IV, later known as Canute the Holy or Canute the Saint (Danish: Knud IV den Hellige or Sankt Knud), (c. 1042 – 10 July 1086) was King of Denmark from 1080 until 1086. Canute was an ambitious king who sought to strengthen the Danish monarchy, devotedly supported the Roman Catholic Church, and had designs on the English throne. Slain by rebels in 1086, he was the first Dane to be canonized. He was recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as patron saint of Denmark in 1101, under the name of San Canuto.
Canute was born c. 1042, one of the many illegitimate sons of Sweyn II Estridsson. He is first noted as a member of Sweyn's 1069 raid of England, and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports that Canute was one of the leaders of another raid against England in 1075. When returning from England in 1075, the Danish fleet stopped in the County of Flanders. Because of its hostility towards William I of England, Flanders was a natural ally for the Danes. He also led successful campaigns to Sember and Ester, according to skald Kálfr Mánason.

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Carles Rexach
Carles Rexach i Cerdà (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈkarɫəz rəˈʃak]) (born 13 January 1947 in Pedralbes, Barcelona, Catalonia), also referred to as Charly Rexach, is a former Spanish Catalan footballer and manager. He has spent the majority of his career at FC Barcelona. Rexach first joined the club as a junior player when he was 12. He was a player at the club for 22 years and then worked for them as a scout, coach and manager for another 22 years. Rexach formed a successful partnership with Johan Cruyff, both on and off the field. As players they helped FC Barcelona win La Liga in 1974, the club's first win in 14 years. He also served as assistant coach to Cruyff during the Dream Team era between 1988 and 1996. Rexach also served as caretaker manager of the club on three occasions before he was appointed manager in 2001.
Rexach made his senior debut for FC Barcelona in 1965 in a Copa del Generalísimo game against Racing de Santander and scored the fourth goal in a 4–0 win. Between 1965 and 1967 he also played for CD Condal, the reserve team. In 1971 he shared the Pichichi Trophy with Atlético's Gárate, scoring 17 goals in 29 games.

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Carlo Tagliabue
Carlo Tagliabue (Mariano Comense, January 13, 1898 – Monza, April 5, 1978) was an Italian baritone.
After studies with Leopoldo Gennai and Annibale Guidotti he made his debut in Lodi, Lombardy, in Loreley and Aida. His debuts in Genoa (1923), Torino, La Scala (1930), Rome (1931), and Naples (1931) were all in Tristan und Isolde (sung in Italian). He also performed in Wagner's Götterdämmerung, Tannhäuser and Lohengrin. However, Tagliabue would go on to excel in the Verdian repertoire, especially La forza del destino, Aida, Rigoletto, La traviata, Nabucco, and Otello. He created the role of Basilio in Respighi's La fiamma in 1934.
His international career included Buenos Aires' Teatro Colón (1934), the Metropolitan Opera, New York (1937-39), and San Francisco Opera and Covent Garden, London (1938). Tagliabue's last performance was in 1955 at La Scala, at the famous performance of La traviata conducted by Carlo Maria Giulini and directed by Luchino Visconti, where Maria Callas scandalized the public by throwing her shoes off.

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Carol Cleveland
Carol Cleveland (born 13 January 1942, London) is a British actress/comedienne, most notable for her appearances as the only significant female performer on Monty Python's Flying Circus.
Born in London, she moved to the United States with her mother and U.S. Air Force stepfather at an early age. She was brought up in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; San Antonio, Texas; and later Pasadena, California where she attended John Marshall Junior High School and Pasadena High School. She is a former Miss California Navy and appeared as Miss Teen Queen in MAD Magazine at age 15.
Cleveland returned with her family to London in 1960, and studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art.
A stage actress and model who had appeared as an extra in The Persuaders!, a secretary in The Saint, and other TV shows and films, she started to appear as an extra in BBC comedy productions, including The Two Ronnies, Morecambe and Wise and Spike Milligan.
This brought her to the attention of the production team of Monty Python's Flying Circus. She appeared in 30 of the 45 episodes in the series. Sometimes referred to as the "other Python" or "the seventh Python" or even "The Female Python", though she thinks this is too much (the Pythons themselves performed and wrote their own material). She played an archetypal blonde bombshell. Stage directions for her first sketch described her as "a blonde buxom wench in the full bloom of womanhood". Privately called "Carol Cleavage" by the other Pythons, she called herself the "glamour stooge". Cleveland starred in all four of the Monty Python films, including the dual roles of Zoot and Dingo, twin leaders of the maidens in the Castle Anthrax, in Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Her mother, Pat, appeared in Monty Python on several occasions, once as a mental patient with an axe embedded in her head.

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Cesare Maniago
Cesare "Hail Cesare" Maniago (born January 13, 1939 in Trail, British Columbia) is a retired National Hockey League goaltender, most notably for the Minnesota North Stars, for whom he remains the 2nd all-time leader in games played in goal.
Originally the property of the Toronto Maple Leafs, the young goalie played seven games for the Leafs in the 1960-61 season. Picked up by the Montreal Canadiens in the inter-league draft the following season, Maniago underwent a lengthy apprenticeship in the minor leagues, spending the better part of five years on the farm. The high point of his years with Montreal was a 14 game stint in relief of the ailing Jacques Plante during the 1963 season. He had a sparkling season for the Minneapolis Bruins of the Central Hockey League in 1965, winning the league's most valuable player award, after which he was dealt to the New York Rangers. Maniago competed against Ed Giacomin and Don Simmons for the starting goal position in 1966, playing 28 games for the last place team. On March 12, 1966, in Chicago, Maniago earned the questionable distinction of allowing the Chicago Blackhawks' star left winger Bobby Hull's 51st goal of the season, the first time in league history that any player had scored more than 50 goals in one year. (After the game, Maniago insisted that Chicago's crafty forward Eric Nesterenko had interfered with him during the play: “Nesterenko lifted the blade of my stick, and the puck went under it.”) Giacomin firmly won the job the next season as the much-improved Rangers made the playoffs, and Maniago played in just six games as his backup.

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Charles the Fat
Charles the Fat (Latin: Carolus Pinguis; 13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876, King of Italy from 879, western Emperor (as Charles III) from 881, King of East Francia from 882, and King of West Francia from 884. In 887, he was deposed in East Francia, Lotharingia, and possibly Italy, where the records are not clear. In January 888, just a few weeks after his deposition, he died.
Granted lordship over Alemannia in 876 by the divisio regnorum (division) of Louis the German's kingdom, he succeeded in Italy upon the abdication of his older brother Carloman, incapacitated by a stroke. Crowned Emperor in 881 by Pope John VIII, his succession to the territories of his brother Louis the Younger the following year reunited the entire Kingdom of the East Franks (later Germany). Upon the death of his cousin Carloman II, he inherited all of West Francia (later France) also, thus reviving, if only briefly, the entire Carolingian Empire.
Usually considered lethargic and inept – he is known to have had repeated illnesses and is believed to have suffered from epilepsy – he twice purchased peace with Viking raiders, including at the famous siege of Paris in 886. Nevertheless, contemporary opinion of him was not nearly so negative as modern historiographical opinion, which itself is seeing a turnaround.

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Chris Wiggins
Chris Wiggins (born January 13, 1931) is an English actor.
He started out as a banker in his home country before he began his acting career in Canada, where he moved in 1952.
Wiggins is probably best recognized for his role as Jack Marshak, the benevolent, resourceful expert on the occult in the syndicated television horror show Friday the 13th: The Series, and which ran from 1987 to 1990. Another well known role was Johann Robinson (Father) on Swiss Family Robinson.
He won a Canadian Film Award in 1969 for best Actor for his role in The Best Damn Fiddler from Calabogie to Kaladar.
In addition to his television and film work, Wiggins was also a very popular radio actor, making over 1,200 appearances in various series over the years, particularly on CBC Radio. One of his most popular roles was that of Dante, the insufferably brilliant (and insufferably arrogant) computer that ran the Aleph-9: the high-speed interdimensional spacecraft belonging to Johnny Chase: Secret Agent of Space. Wiggins' also made numerous guest appearances on such CBC Radio programs as CBC Playhouse, Nightfall, Vanishing Point and dozens of others.

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Christoph Graupner
Christoph Graupner (January 13, 1683 in Kirchberg – May 10, 1760 in Darmstadt) was a German harpsichordist and composer of high Baroque music who lived and worked at the same time as Johann Sebastian Bach, Georg Philipp Telemann and George Frideric Handel.
Born in Hartmannsdorf near Kirchberg in Saxony, Graupner received his first musical instruction from his uncle, an organist named Nicolaus Kuester. Graupner went to the University of Leipzig where he studied law (as did many composers of the time) and then completed his musical studies with Johann Kuhnau, the cantor of the Thomaskirche (St Thomas' Church).
In 1705 Graupner left Leipzig to play the harpsichord in the orchestra of the Hamburg Opera under the direction of Reinhard Keiser, alongside a young violinist named Handel. In addition to playing the harpsichord, Graupner composed six operas in Hamburg, some of them in collaboration with Keiser, a popular composer of operas in Germany.
In 1709 Graupner accepted a post at the court of Hesse-Darmstadt and in 1711 became the court orchestra’s Hofkapellmeister (court chapel master). Graupner spent the rest of his career at the court in Hesse-Darmstadt, where his primary responsibilities were to provide music for the court chapel. He wrote music for nearly half a century, from 1709 to 1754, when he became blind. He died six years later.

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Clark Ashton Smith
Clark Ashton Smith (13 January 1893 – 14 August 1961) was a self-educated American poet, sculptor, painter and author of fantasy, horror and science fiction short stories. He achieved early local recognition, largely through the enthusiasm of George Sterling, for traditional verse in the vein of Swinburne. As a poet, Smith is grouped with the West Coast Romantics (alongside Ambrose Bierce, Joaquin Miller, Sterling, Nora May French, and others) and remembered as 'The Last of the Great Romantics' and 'The Bard of Auburn'. As a member of the Lovecraft circle, (Smith's literary friendship with H. P. Lovecraft lasted from 1922 until Lovecraft's death in 1937), Smith remains second only to Lovecraft in general esteem and importance amongst contributors to the pulp magazine Weird Tales, where some readers objected to his morbidness and violation of pulp traditions. (It has been said of him that "Nobody since Poe has so loved a well-rotted corpse.") His work is marked chiefly by an extraordinarily wide and ornate vocabulary, a cosmic perspective and a vein of sardonic and sometimes ribald humor.

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Dachine Rainer
Dachine Rainer (13 January 1921 - 19 August 2000) was an American born English writer.
Dachine Rainer was born Sylvia Newman in New York on January 13, 1921, the daughter of Polish Jews, and grew up in Manhattan. As a child her political views were influenced by the executions in 1927 of the Italian anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. She earned a scholarship to study English Literature at Hunter College and around this time settled on her nom de plume. During the next 20 years she had poems, essays, and articles published in many American periodicals, among them The New Republic and The Nation. In 1958 her novella 'A Room at the Inn' was published, followed two years later by another book called 'The Uncomfortable Inn'. The latter of which was reviewed by Rebecca West and the two subsequently became friends upon Rainer moving to London in 1961. Rainer is buried in Highgate Cemetery, where her tombstone reads "Poet and Anarchist".

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Dai Llewellyn
Sir David St Vincent "Dai" Llewellyn, 4th Baronet (2 April 1946 – 13 January 2009) was a Welsh socialite. He was born in Aberdare, the son of 1952 Summer Olympics gold medallist showjumper Sir Harry Llewellyn, 3rd Baronet and the Hon Christine de Saumarez, who was the daughter of the 5th Baron de Saumarez, a family from Guernsey with British naval ties. Llewellyn's middle name, St Vincent, was chosen by the family in recognition of the friendship between James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez and John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent.
Llewellyn grew up at the family homes of Gobion Manor and Llanfair Grange, both near Abergavenny, and was educated at Hawtreys Preparatory School and Eton College. He did not complete his time at Eton, being moved to Milton Abbey School. He then attended Aix-en-Provence University in Southern France and worked as a travel agent, journalist, male model and as the social secretary of the Clermont Club and the Dorcester club.
Llewellyn was a Knight of the Order of St Lazarus of Jerusalem, a humanitarian charity, and in 1992 drove relief convoys in Yugoslavia.

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Daniel Oss
Daniel Oss (born 13 January 1987 in Trento) is an Italian professional road bicycle racer who is currently racing with Italian Liquigas-Cannondale cycling team on the UCI ProTour.
In 2004, Oss' first results on the track and road were outstanding: he excelled in the National Student Track Championships in Pordenone, collecting three podiums in the pursuit; in the same year gained third place in the Madison at the European Student Championships in Fiorenzuola d'Arda.
After a year in the dark, Oss returned to the limelight in 2006 succeeding to finish in five races including Ponton, Isolates Vicentina, Cremona Pessina and Bibano of Godega. In 2007, he won two smaller competitions while in 2008, besides three other competitions, he also participated in the World Championships in Varese, coming home in eighth place in the Under 23 time-trial.
In 2009, Oss turned professional, joining the team Liquigas; he entered the top 10 for the first time in a professional race during the Tour of Catalunya, it was in the prologue, in which he finished ninth place, four seconds detached from the winner Thor Hushovd. During the same year, he participated in the National Track Championships and came first in the Pursuit along with companions Jacopo Guarnieri, Elijah Viviani and Davide Cimolai. Towards the end of the season, he was able to finish in the top five of a number of professional races: two fourth places in the Tour of Missouri and fifth in the Gran Premio Industria e Commercio di Prato.

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Daniel Scheinig
Daniel Scheinig (born 13 January 1988) is a German footballer who plays as a right-winger for SV Babelsberg 03.
Having played as a youth for various clubs in Berlin, it was on the outskirts of the city where he made his breakthrough in senior football. He signed for SV Falkensee-Finkenkrug in 2007, helping them win the Verbandsliga Brandenburg in his first season. After an impressive 2010–11 season, in which he scored 19 goals in 27 games, he signed for SV Babelsberg of the 3. Liga, for whom he made his debut in August 2011, when he replaced Malick Bolivard in a 1–1 draw with Kickers Offenbach.

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Daniil Shafran
Daniil Borisovich Shafran (Russian: Даниил Борисович Шафран, January 13, 1923 – February 7, 1997) was a great Soviet Russian cellist.
Daniil Shafran was born in Petrograd (later Leningrad, then Saint Petersburg) in 1923. Even from before his birth he was surrounded by music. His mother and father were music students when he was born. His father, Boris Shafran, went on to be principal cellist of the Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra and his mother, Frida Moiseyevna, was a pianist. He recounted how, as his mother went into labour, his father was practicing passages from Haydn's D major Concerto in preparation for a recital, and was reluctant to go to the hospital until he had mastered a difficult technical passage.
Shafran was initially taught by his father, whom he had long begged for lessons. When aged eight and a half, "my father met me brandishing a small cello. 'I bought you a cello', he cried. 'Sit down and we'll start studying'". His father was a serious musician and strict teacher and after year and a half under his tutelage, Shafran had absorbed many of the values that he held throughout his life: diligent and regular practice and the importance of striving for the highest goals. A key principle established was to overcome technical obstacles by learning to play far beyond the demands of the work, and Shafran learned to be "mercilessly strict with myself when practicing".

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Danny Oakes
Danny Oakes (July 18, 1911– January 13, 2007) was a midget car hall of fame driver.
He became interested in racing when he delivered morning and evening newspapers in his hometown of Santa Barbara, California. His favorite day was Monday. He viewed Model T cars powered by Frontenac motors parked outside a downtown Santa Barbara restaurant when the professional racecar drivers from San Francisco came to town. Oakes fantasized about the day he would become a race driver.
He began attending races at Ascot Speedway. He built a black roadster with chrome wheels that he drove to the track. The car led to an opportunity to be a mechanic on a bootlegger's racecar. Oakes drove the car at warmups at area racetracks.
Oakes began racing at Legion Ascot Speedway in 1932 at age 21 in the Class C for beginners. Legion Ascot Speedway closed down in 1936, and Oakes switched to midget cars. He won the Pacific Coast championship three times. Oakes was one of the drivers who was unable to race in the prime of his life during the four years of World War II, as all racing halted during the war. Oakes was a flight inspector at Lockheed.

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Darrell Rasner
Darrell Wayne Rasner (born January 13, 1981 in Carson City, Nevada) is a starting pitcher for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles of the Japanese Pacific League.
Rasner attended the University of Nevada, where he was a health ecology major. He was selected by the Montreal Expos in the second round (46th overall) of the 2002 Major League Baseball Draft.
Rasner began his major league career with the Washington Nationals, pitching in a few games late in the 2005 season. He was claimed off waivers by the New York Yankees in the 2005 off-season.
Rasner recorded his first major league win on September 3, 2006, in a game he started for the Yankees against the Minnesota Twins. Rasner went 6 innings, allowing 4 hits, 1 earned run, 2 strikeouts and no walks in a 10-1 victory.
On May 19, 2007, in a start against the New York Mets, Rasner was struck on the right hand by a ball hit by Endy Chávez, a former teammate with the Nationals. He fractured his right index finger and did not pitch in the major leagues again that season, though he pitched at several levels of the minor leagues on rehab assignments.

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Dinah Pfizenmaier
Dinah Pfizenmaier (born 13 January 1992 in Bielefeld) is a German tennis player.
Pfizenmaier has won a total of seven ITF titles and her best world ranking of 190 came on 14 May 2012.
Pfizenmaier played her first Grand Slam at the 2012 French Open. She qualified for the main draw by defeating Kristýna Plíšková 2–6, 6–2, 6–1, Misaki Doi 6–4, 3–6, 6–2 and Mónica Puig 5–7, 7–5, 6–2. In the first round of the main draw she defeated local talent Caroline Garcia 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 to set up a clash with world number one Victoria Azarenka.

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Donny Hathaway
Donny Edward Hathaway (October 1, 1945 – January 13, 1979) was an American soul singer-songwriter and musician. Hathaway contracted with Atlantic Records in 1969 and with his first single for the Atco label, "The Ghetto, Part I" in early 1970, Rolling Stone magazine "marked him as a major new force in soul music."
His collaborations with Roberta Flack scored high on the charts and won him the Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal for the duet, "Where Is the Love" in 1973.
His body was found outside the luxury hotel Essex House in New York City; his death was ruled a suicide.
Hathaway, the son of Drusella Huntley, was born in Chicago. He lived with his grandmother, Martha Pitts, also known as Martha Crumwell, in the Carr Square housing project, in St Louis. Hathaway began singing in a church choir with his grandmother, a professional gospel singer, at the age of three. He graduated from Vashon High School in 1963. He studied music on a fine arts scholarship at Howard University in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc. He also formed a jazz trio to work around the local area with drummer Ric Powell while there, but during 1967 left Howard without a degree, after receiving job offers in the music business.

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Douglas Wilder
Lawrence Douglas Wilder (born January 17, 1931) is the first African American to be elected as governor of Virginia and first African-American governor of any state since Reconstruction. Wilder served as the 66th Governor of Virginia from 1990 to 1994. When earlier elected as Lieutenant Governor, he was the first African American elected to statewide office in Virginia. His most recent political office was Mayor of Richmond, Virginia, which he held from 2005 to 2009.
Wilder was born in Richmond, the seventh of eight children of Robert and Beulah (Richards) Wilder. The grandson of American slaves, he was named after the poet Paul Laurence Dunbar and the abolitionist Frederick Douglass. He attended George Mason Elementary School and Armstrong High School, then racially segregated. He did his undergraduate work at Virginia Union University, where he graduated with a degree in chemistry in 1951. Wilder is a prominent life member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity.
Wilder served in the Korean War, earning a Bronze Star for heroism at Pork Chop Hill. He rose to leadership in his first experience in an integrated organization, as President Truman had desegregated the military in 1948. After his service, Wilder earned a law degree at Howard University School of Law under the G.I. Bill. Virginia university law schools did not then admit African Americans. He graduated in 1959 and returned to Richmond to co-found the law firm of Wilder, Gregory, and Associates.

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Edgardo Cozarinsky
Edgardo Cozarinsky (born 1939 in Buenos Aires, Argentina) is a writer and filmmaker. He is best known for writing Vudú urbano.
His family name goes back to his great grandparents, Jewish^{[citation needed]} immigrants from Kiev and Odessa at the end of the 19th century, his first name tells of his mother's infatuation with Edgar Allan Poe.
After an adolescence mostly spent in neighbourhood cinemas showing double bills of old Hollywood films and reading an inordinate amount of fiction in Spanish, English and French (favourite authors - Stevenson, Conrad, some Henry James), he studied literature at Buenos Aires University, wrote for local and Spanish cinephile magazines and published an early essay on James which developed out of graduation work - El laberinto de la apariencia (The Labyrinth of Appearance, 1964), a book he later suppressed. He was barely twenty when he became acquainted with Borges, Bioy Casares and Silvina Ocampo, all writers of prestige whom he saw frequently during his years in Buenos Aires. In 1973 he won a literary prize with an essay on gossip as narrative device in James and Proust. In 1974 he published Borges y el cine, a book enlarged in every reprint (Spain, 1978 and 2002, and translations) which he also does not want reprinted now.

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Edmund Spenser
Edmund Spenser (c. 1552 – 13 January 1599) was an English poet best known for The Faerie Queene, an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I. He is recognised as one of the premier craftsmen of Modern English verse in its infancy, and one of the greatest poets in the English language.
Edmund Spenser was born in East Smithfield, London around the year 1552 though there is some ambiguity as to the exact date of his birth. As a young boy, he was educated in London at the Merchant Taylors' School and matriculated as a sizar at Pembroke College, Cambridge. While at Cambridge he became a friend of Gabriel Harvey, and later consulted him, despite their differing views on poetry.
In July 1580, Spenser went to Ireland in the service of the newly appointed Lord Deputy, Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton. Then he served with the English forces during the Second Desmond Rebellion. After the defeat of the native Irish he was awarded lands in County Cork that had been confiscated in the Munster Plantation during the Elizabethan conquest of Ireland. Among his acquaintances in the area was Walter Raleigh, a fellow colonist.

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Edmund White
Edmund Valentine White III (born January 13, 1940) is an American novelist, as well as a writer of memoirs and an essayist on literary and social topics. Much of his writing is on the theme of same-sex love. Probably his best-known books are The Joy of Gay Sex (1977) (written with Charles Silverstein) and his trio of autobiographic novels, A Boy's Own Story (1982), The Beautiful Room Is Empty (1988) and The Farewell Symphony (1997).
Edmund Valentine White was born in the United States of America on 13 January 1940, in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Incestuous feelings existed in White's family; his mother was attracted to him. White spoke of his own sexual attraction to his father in an interview: "I think with my father he was somebody who every eye in the family was focused on and he was a sort of a tyrant and nice-looking, the source of all power, money, happiness, and he was implacable and difficult. He was always spoken of in sexual terms, in the sense he left our mother for a much younger woman who was very sexy but had nothing else going for her. He was a famous womanizer. And he slept with my sister!" He has also stated: "Writing has always been my recourse when I've tried to make sense of my experience or when it's been very painful. When I was 15 years old, I wrote my first (unpublished) novel about being gay, at a time when there were no other gay novels. So I was really inventing a genre, and it was a way of administering a therapy to myself, I suppose."

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Edward Sexby
Colonel Edward Sexby or Saxby (1616 – 13 January 1658) was an English Puritan soldier and Leveller in the army of Oliver Cromwell. Later he turned against Cromwell and plotted his assassination.
Edward Sexby was born in Suffolk in 1616 but little else is known about his life before the English Civil War. Reportedly he was a son of a gentleman, had been an apprentice as a grocer in London and may have had family connections to Cromwell. In 1643 he was a trooper in Cromwell's Roundhead cavalry regiment. He adopted Leveller ideals, was involved in the Putney Debates and resisted attempts to come into an agreement with Charles I. He may have been involved in the capture of the king at Holdenby House in 1647.
Later that year he opposed the idea of disbanding the army and left but later reappeared as a captain in 1649. He was appointed as governor of the isle of Portland. In 1650 he was sent to Scotland as a commander of an infantry regiment and also raised a regiment to fight in Ireland. He took part in the siege of Tantallon Castle. In July 1651 he was accused of keeping money that should have gone to his subordinates. This crime led to him being removed from the command of his regiment and it being passed to Thomas Reade. The same year he was sent to Bordeaux to support the Fronde rebellion but achieved little; he returned to England in August 1653.

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Eero Koivistoinen
Eero Koivistoinen (born 13 January 1946) is a Finnish jazz musician and saxophone player, who started his career in the mid-1960s. Koivistoinen has worked as a musician, composer, arranger, conductor, producer and educator. He first heard jazz from the records his sailor brother had brought in from his travels. As a youngster Koivistoinen studied classical violin, saxophone and also composition at the Sibelius Academy, and later jazz at Berklee College of Music in Boston. His first line-up featured the drummer Edward Vesala and bassist Pekka Sarmanto. Koivistoinen was also a member of the seminal Finnish rock band Blues Section in the years 1967 and 1968. In 1968 he released his first solo album, a "literary record" called Valtakunta which featured songs composed to the texts of such poets as Pentti Saarikoski, Jarkko Laine, Tuomas Anhava and Hannu Mäkelä; interpreted by the vocalists Vesa-Matti Loiri, Eero Raittinen and Seija Simola. Eero Koivistoinen's later solo albums such as Wahoo (1972) enjoy a considerable international reputation. His hip hop-influenced 2006 album X-Ray features such people as the vocalists Charles Salter and Bina Nkwazi, DJ LBJ (also known as Jonas Verwijnen) and the rap artist Redrama (also known as Lasse Mellberg).

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Elisa Bonaparte
Maria Anna (Marie Anne) Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi Levoy, Princesse Française, Duchess of Lucca and Princess of Piombino, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Countess of Compignano (3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820), was the fourth surviving child and eldest surviving daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino, making her the younger sister of Napoleon Bonaparte. Her other elder siblings were Joseph and Lucien, and her younger siblings were Louis, Pauline, Caroline and Jerome.
As Princess of Piombino and Lucca, then Grand Duchess of Tuscany, she was his only sister to possess real political power, though her sharp tongue often caused troubles in her relations with him. Highly interested in the arts, particularly the theatre, she encouraged them in the territories over which she ruled.
Élisa was born in Ajaccio, Corsica. She was christened Maria-Anna, but later adopted the nickname "Élisa" as her official name (it was originally given to her as a nickname by her brother Lucien, to whom she was very close in childhood). In June 1784, a bursary allowed her to attend the Maison royale de Saint-Louis at Saint-Cyr, where she was frequently visited by her brother Napoleon during her studies. The Legislative Assembly decreed the Maison's closure on 16 August 1792 and Élisa left on 1 September to be taken back to Ajaccio by Napoleon.

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Elsa Martinelli
Elsa Martinelli (born 30 January 1935) is an Italian actress and former fashion model.
Born Elisa Tia in Grosseto, Tuscany, she moved to Rome with her family and in 1953 was discovered by Roberto Capucci who introduced her to the world of fashion. She became a model and began playing small roles in films. She appeared in Claude Autant-Lara's Le Rouge et le noir (1954), but her first important film role came the following year with The Indian Fighter opposite Kirk Douglas. Douglas claims to have spotted her on a magazine cover and hired her for his production company, Bryna Productions. In 1956 she won the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the 6th Berlin International Film Festival for playing the title role in Mario Monicelli's Donatella.
From the mid 1950s through the late 1960s, she divided her time between Europe and the USA appearing films such as Four Girls in Town (1957) with George Nader, Manuela (1957) with Trevor Howard, Prisoner of the Volga (1959) with John Derek, Hatari! (1962) with John Wayne, The Pigeon That Took Rome (1962) with Charlton Heston, The Trial with Anthony Perkins, The V.I.P.s (1963) with Orson Welles, Rampage (1963) with Robert Mitchum, and Woman Times Seven (1967) with Lex Barker. In Candy (1968), her co-stars were Charles Aznavour, Marlon Brando, Richard Burton, James Coburn, Walter Matthau and Ringo Starr.

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Ernest Hemingway
Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 – July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. Hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, and won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of these are considered classics of American literature.
Hemingway was raised in Oak Park, Illinois. After high school he reported for a few months for The Kansas City Star, before leaving for the Italian front to enlist with the World War I ambulance drivers. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. His wartime experiences formed the basis for his novel A Farewell to Arms. In 1922, he married Hadley Richardson, the first of his four wives. The couple moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent, and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s "Lost Generation" expatriate community. The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway's first novel, was published in 1926.

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Ernie Irvan
Virgil Earnest Irvan, more commonly known as Ernie Irvan (born January 13, 1959) is a former race driver in NASCAR. He is best remembered for his comeback after a serious head injury at Michigan International Speedway which earned him numerous awards and respect from his fellow drivers. He is inducted in numerous halls of fame and was named one of NASCAR's 50 Greatest Drivers in 1998.
Irvan began his racing career driving karts in California in 1968 at the age of nine. He won the California Championship at the age of 15. In 1974, Irvan finished second in the country in his class at the national kart championship races. In 1975, Irvan moved up to stock cars at the age of 16 at Stockton 99 Speedway and was victorious in his first race on asphalt in a semi-main event. From then until 1981 Ernie raced every weekend at Madera and Stockton, CA, winning numerous feature events. He missed his high school graduation ceremony to race at Riverside, CA. During this time, he lost best friend Tim Williamson in a racing accident at Riverside, just months before he was slated to test in Winston Cup.

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Ernie Kovacs
Ernie Kovacs (January 23, 1919 – January 13, 1962) was an American comedian and actor.
Kovacs' uninhibited, often ad-libbed, and visually experimental comedic style came to influence numerous television comedy programs for years after his death in an automobile accident. Such iconic and diverse shows as Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, Saturday Night Live, The Uncle Floyd Show, Captain Kangaroo, Sesame Street, The Electric Company, and TV hosts such as David Letterman and Craig Ferguson have been influenced by Kovacs. Chevy Chase thanked him during his acceptance speech for his Emmy award for SNL. Chase appeared in the 1982 documentary called Ernie Kovacs: Television's Original Genius, speaking again of the impact Kovacs had on his work.
On or off screen, Kovacs could be counted on for the unexpected, from having marmosets as pets to wrestling a jaguar on his live Philadelphia television show. When working at WABC (AM) as a morning-drive radio personality and doing a mid-morning television show for NBC, Kovacs disliked eating breakfast alone while his wife was sleeping in after her Broadway performances. His solution was to hire a taxi driver to come into their apartment with his own key and whose job was to make breakfast for them both, then take him to the WABC studios.

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Essington Lewis
Essington Lewis, CH (13 January 1881 – 2 October 1961) was an Australian industrialist.
He was born in Burra, South Australia, on 13 January 1881. After joining Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) - now BHP Billiton - in 1904, he rose through the company ranks to become Managing Director in 1926 and Chairman in 1950, a position he held until his death in 1961. For the whole of his period as M.D., he had a close working relationship and personal friendship with Chairman of Directors Harold Gordon Darling (1885 – 1950).
During his travels to Germany and Japan in the 1930s, Lewis realised the threat of these countries to Australia. Accordingly, he helped establish the Commonwealth Aircraft Corporation and many munitions facilities meaning Australia was better prepared for industrialisation when the war started in 1939. During World War II he also served as Director-General of Munitions. Lewis supported the establishment of the motor industry in Australia in 1948, being rewarded by being able to purchase the first commercially produced Holden 48/215.

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Ferdinand Ries
Ferdinand Ries (b. Bonn, baptised 28 November 1784, d. Frankfurt am Main, 13 January 1838) was a German composer.
Born into a musical family of Bonn, Ries was a friend and pupil of Beethoven who published in 1838 a collection of reminiscences of his teacher, co-written with Franz Wegeler. He was also a composer who left eight symphonies, a violin concerto, eight piano concertos and numerous other works in many genres, including 26 string quartets. Of these, the symphonies, some chamber works—most of them with piano—and his piano concertos have been recorded, demonstrating a style which is not surprisingly somewhere between that of the Classic and early Romantic eras.
The French dissolved the Electoral court of Bonn and disbanded its orchestra, but in the early months of 1803 the penniless Ries managed to reach Vienna, with a letter of introduction to Beethoven, who had received some early instruction at Bonn from Ries's father, Franz Anton. Beethoven took great care of the young man, teaching him piano, sending him to Albrechtsberger for harmony and composition and securing for him positions as piano tutor in aristocratic households in Baden and Silesia. Ries made his public debut as a pianist in July 1804, playing Beethoven's C minor concerto, Op. 37, with his own cadenza, to glowing reviews.

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Frances Sternhagen
Frances Hussey Sternhagen (born January 13, 1930) is an American actress. Sternhagen has appeared on and off Broadway, in movies, and on TV since the 1950s.
Sternhagen, who is of German descent, was born in Washington, D.C., the daughter of Gertrude (née Hussey) and John M. Sternhagen, a U.S. Tax Court judge. He was also a part time singer on the side. Sternhagen was educated at the Madeira and Potomac schools in McLean, Virginia. At Vassar College she was elected head of the Drama Club "after silencing a giggling college crowd at a campus dining hall with her interpretation of a scene from Richard II, playing none other than Richard himself". She also studied at the Perry Mansfield School of the Theatre, and New York's Neighborhood Playhouse.
She met her husband, actor and drama teacher Thomas Carlin (who died in 1991), at Catholic University of America. They had six children—Paul (Wife - Becky Timms, Son - Payton Carlin), Amanda, Tony, Sarah, Peter, and John—several of whom are also professional actors and musicians.

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Frank Fixaris
Frank Fixaris (May 6, 1934 in Torrington, Connecticut – January 13, 2006 in Falmouth, Maine) was an American sportscaster, anchor, and reporter, spending the majority of his career at WGME-TV [1] in Portland, Maine. He also co-hosted a morning radio show on WJAB [2] after his television run.
Fixaris attended college in Boston, Massachusetts and graduated from Emerson College [3] in 1956. He then worked at several radio stations early in his career before taking the job as a sports anchor at WGME in 1965 (then WGAN) and continued there until 1995. He served as sports director there from 1967 until 1992. Coincidentally Fixaris' cousin, former Major League Baseball player Jimmy Piersall, also worked as a sportscaster.
He was the color commentator of the Maine Mariners [4], and later the Portland Pirates of the American Hockey League. Although offered several network positions (particularly with CBS, as well as the New York Islanders), he chose to remain in Maine. He was co-awarded one of the James H. Ellery Memorial Awards by the AHL for his outstanding work in 1978. In honor of his many years of work with the Mariners/Pirates, the press box at the Cumberland County Civic Center [5] bears his name as a memorial tribute. Fixaris is also remembered annually with an award in his name issued by the Portland Fire Department, as well as two scholarships for students studying communication science at Saint Joseph's College of Maine [6].

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Frank Kooiman
Frank Kooiman (born January 13, 1970 in Vlaardingen, Netherlands) is a retired Dutch football (soccer) goalkeeper. He made his debut in Dutch professional football on 1994-09-25 for Sparta Rotterdam, replacing Edward Metgod in a game against Vitesse Arnhem.

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Frank Shuster
Frank Shuster, OC (September 5, 1916 – January 13, 2002) was a Canadian comedian best known as a member of the comedy duo Wayne and Shuster (Johnny Wayne being the other half).
Born in Toronto, Ontario, he grew up in Niagara Falls. In 1996, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
He was married to Ruth Shuster and had two children: Rosie and Steve. Rosie Shuster was a comedy writer for Saturday Night Live and other television programs, and former wife of Lorne Michaels. Steve Shuster is also in the entertainment industry.
He was also the cousin of Joe Shuster, co-creator of Superman.

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Franks
The Franks (Latin: Franci or gens Francorum) were a confederation of Germanic tribes first attested in the third century AD as populating a broad strip of land on the right bank of the Lower and Middle Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a kingdom on Roman-held soil that was acknowledged by the Romans after 357. In the climate of the collapse of imperial authority in the West, the Frankish tribes were united under the Merovingians and conquered all of Gaul except Septimania in the 6th century. The Salian political elite was one of the most active forces in spreading Christianity over western Europe. The Franks had created one of the most strong and stable barbaric kingdoms.
The Merovingian dynasty, descended from the Salians, founded one of the Germanic monarchies which replaced the Western Roman Empire from the fifth century. The Frankish state consolidated its hold over large parts of western Europe by the end of the eighth century, developing into the Carolingian Empire which dominated most of Western Europe. This empire would gradually evolve into France and the Holy Roman Empire.

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Félix Tisserand
François Félix Tisserand (13 January 1845 – 20 October 1896) was a French astronomer.
Tisserand was born at Nuits-Saint-Georges, Côte-d'Or. In 1863 he entered the École Normale Supérieure, and on leaving he went for a month as professor at the lycée at Metz. Urbain Le Verrier offered him a post in the Paris Observatory, which he entered as astronome adjoint in September 1866. In 1868 he took his doctor's degree with a thesis on Delaunay's Method, which he showed to be of much wider scope than had been contemplated by its inventor. Shortly afterwards he went out to Kra Isthmus to observe the 1868 solar eclipse. He was part of a French expedition together with the Édouard Stephan and Georges Rayet. The French astronomers where accompanied by Mongkut, the King of Siam who had calculated the location and the date of the eclipse by himself two years ago and prepared a comfortable watching place for the scientists.
In 1873 he was appointed director of the observatory at Toulouse, where he published his Recueil d'exercices sur le calcul infinitesimal, and in 1874 became corresponding member of the Académie des Sciences. He took part in the French expeditions of 1874 to Japan, and in 1882 to Martinique to observe the transits of Venus. In 1878 he was elected a member of the Académie des Sciences in succession to Le Verrier, and became a member of the Bureau des Longitudes. In the same year he was appointed professeur suppliant to Liouville, and in 1883 he succeeded Puiseux in the chair of celestial mechanics at the Sorbonne.

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Gabriel Gabrio
Gabriel Gabrio (13 January 1887 – 31 October 1946) was a French stage and film actor whose career began in cinema in the silent film era of the 1920s and spanned more than two decades. Gabrio is possibly best recalled for his roles as Jean Valjean in the 1925 Henri Fescourt-directed adaptation of Victor Hugo's Les Misérables, Cesare Borgia in the 1935 Abel Gance-directed biopic Lucrèce Borgia and as Carlos in the 1937 Julien Duvivier-directed gangster film Pépé le Moko, opposite Jean Gabin.
Gabriel Gabrio was born Édouard Gabriel Lelièvre in Reims,France as the youngest of sixteen children. Gabrio's father worked for the Pommeray Champagne cellars. At a young age he developed a keen interest in puppet theater. As a teen, Gabrio grew to an impressive height of 6 feet 2 inches and after a stint as an apprentice glass window painter, set his sights on a career as a stage actor.
At the out break of World War I, the blue-eyed Gabrio enlisted in the French Army and served four years during the hostilities. After being demobilized, Gabrio relocated to Paris where he performed in such theaters as the Gaîté Rochechouart, the Théâtre des Ambassadeurs, the Comédie Montaigne and the Odéon in roles by George Bernard Shaw and William Shakespeare, among others.

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Gaius Marius
Gaius Marius (157 BC – January 13, 86 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. He was elected consul an unprecedented seven times during his career. He was also noted for his dramatic reforms of Roman armies, authorizing recruitment of landless citizens, eliminating the manipular military formations, and reorganizing the structure of the legions into separate cohorts. Marius defeated the invading Germanic tribes (the Teutones, Ambrones, and the Cimbri), for which he was called "the third founder of Rome." His life and career were significant in Rome's transformation from Republic to Empire.
Marius was born in 157 BC in the town of Arpinum in southern Latium. The town had been conquered by the Romans in the late 4th century BC and was given Roman citizenship without voting rights. Only in 188 BC did the town receive full citizenship. Although Plutarch claims that Marius' father was a laborer, this is almost certainly false since Marius had connections with the nobility in Rome, he ran for local office in Arpinum, and he had marriage relations with the local nobility in Arpinum, which all combine to indicate that he was born into a locally important family of equestrian status. The problems he faced in his early career in Rome show the difficulties that faced a "new man" (novus homo).

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Gaj Singh
Gaj Singh (Hindi: गज सिंह) (born 13 January 1948) is a former member of the
Indian parliament and a former High Commissioner of India. He was the Maharaja of Jodhpur from 1952 until the royal powers, privileges and privy purses were abolished by an amendment to the Constitution of India in 1971.
Gaj Singh was born the only son of Maharaja Hanwant Singh of Jodhpur by his wife, Maharani Krishna Kumari of Dhrangadhra. Singh belongs to the Suryavanshi (Origin from the Surya-Kula) family of Rajputs. He succeeded to the titles and dignities of his father when only four years of age, in 1952, when his father died suddenly in a plane crash. He was enthroned shortly afterwards.
The infant and his siblings were raised by their mother, Rajmata Krishna Kumari. At the age of eight, Gaj Singh was sent first to Cothill House, a prep school in Oxfordshire, England, and then to Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford, where he obtained a degree in Philosophy, Politics and Economics.
Singh's full title as Maharaja was His Highness Raj Rajeshwar Saramad-i-Raja-i-Hind Maharajadhiraja Maharaja Shri GAJ SINGHJI II Sahib Bahadur, Maharaja of Marwar

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George Chapman
George Chapman (c. 1559 – 12 May 1634) was an English dramatist, translator, and poet. He was a classical scholar whose work shows the influence of Stoicism. Chapman has been identified as the Rival Poet of Shakespeare's sonnets by William Minto, and as an anticipator of the Metaphysical Poets of the 17th century. Chapman is best remembered for his translations of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and the Homeric Batrachomyomachia.

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George Fox
George Fox (July 1624 – 13 January 1691) was an English Dissenter and a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers or Friends.
The son of a Leicestershire weaver, Fox lived in a time of great social upheaval and war. He rebelled against the religious and political authorities by proposing an unusual and uncompromising approach to the Christian faith. He travelled throughout Britain as a dissenting preacher, for which he was often persecuted by the authorities who disapproved of his beliefs.
Fox married Margaret Fell, the widow of one of his wealthier supporters; she was a leading Friend. His ministry expanded and he undertook tours of North America and the Low Countries, between which he was imprisoned for over a year. He spent the final decade of his life working in London to organize the expanding Quaker movement.
Though his movement attracted disdain from some, others such as William Penn and Oliver Cromwell viewed Fox with respect. His journal, first published after his death, is known even among non-Quakers for its vivid account of his personal journey.

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George Gurdjieff
George Ivanovich Gurdjieff (Armenian: Գեորգի Իվանովիչ Գյուրջիև, Georgian: გიორგი გურჯიევი, Greek: Γεώργιος Γεωργιάδης, Russian: Гео́ргий Ива́нович Гюрджи́ев, January 13, 1866 – October 29, 1949) was an influential spiritual teacher of the early to mid-20th century who taught that the vast majority of humanity lives their entire lives in a state of hypnotic "waking sleep", but that it was possible to transcend to a higher state of consciousness and achieve full human potential. Gurdjieff developed a method for doing so, calling his discipline "The Work" (connoting "work on oneself") or "the Method" according to his principles and instructions,. Gurdjieff's method for awakening one's consciousness is different from that of the fakir, monk or yogi, so his discipline is also called (originally) the "Fourth Way". At one point he described his teaching as being "esoteric Christianity".
At different times in his life, Gurdjieff formed and closed various schools around the world to teach the work. He claimed that the teachings he brought to the West from his own experiences and early travels expressed the truth found in ancient religions and wisdom teachings relating to self-awareness in people's daily lives and humanity's place in the universe. The title of his third series of writings, Life Is Real Only Then, When 'I Am', expresses the essence^{[citation needed]} of his teachings. His complete series of books is entitled All and Everything.

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George Thorn
George Henry Thorn (12 October 1838 – 13 January 1905) was a Premier of Queensland, Australia.
Thorn was born in Sydney, New South Wales, a son of George Thorn, one of the founders of the city of Ipswich and a member of the first Queensland legislative assembly. He was schooled at The King's School, Parramatta and the University of Sydney. In 1867 he became the member for the electorate of West Moreton in Queensland. Thorn was Postmaster General for the colony between 1874 and 1876.
He became Premier on 5 June 1876, and resigned from the position on 8 March 1877, however he remained in the ministry of his successor, John Douglas until February 1878. Thorn became Queensland commissioner to the 1878 Paris Exposition. On his return from Europe, he was re-elected to parliament twice more, finally retiring in 1902.

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Georgi Kaloyanchev
Georgi Todorov Kaloyanchev (Bulgarian: Георги Калоянчев) is a Bulgarian actor. He was born in the city of Burgas on January 13, 1925. He studied in the former theatrical school in Sofia. Immediately after graduating he started playing in the Ivan Vazov National Theatre. His first role was in the movie Utro nad rodinata (1951) where he stars as the jipsy Sali.
in Bulgarian: Рапсодия в бяло; in English: Rhapsody in White
in Bulgarian: Големите игри; in English: The Big Games
in Bulgarian: След края на Света; in English: After the End of the World; in Greek: Meta to telos tou kosmou; in German: Nach dem Ende der Welt )
in French: Tragédie burlesque
in Bulgarian: Фатална нежност; in English: Fatal Tenderness
in Bulgarian: Пантуди; in English: Pantudi
in Bulgarian: Бай Ганьо тръгва из Европа; in English: Bai Ganyo on His Way to Europe
in Bulgarian: Под игото; in English: Under the Yoke
in Bulgarian: Бай Ганьо; in English: Bai Ganio
in Bulgarian: Карнавалът; in English: The Carnival
in Bulgarian: Брачни шеги; in English: Marital Jokes

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Gloria Yip
Gloria Yip Wan-Yee (Chinese: 葉蘊儀, born January 13, 1973 in Hong Kong, the elder of two sisters and daughter of prominent businessman Yip Shao) is a Hong Kong actress and singer of Guangdong ancestry, best known for her four films with director Lam Ngai Kai, and to Western audiences, her "special appearance" in Lam's Riki-Oh: The Story of Ricky and principal supporting role in the cult classic Saviour of the Soul. Among her more frequent collaborators are Yuen Biao, Lai Kai Ming, and Wong Jing. Her early roles were primarily cute and comedic, while her more recent, post-divorce roles, have primarily been dramatic.
She was discovered as a teenager by a Japanese talent scout. Like many movie stars in Hong Kong, she has also pursued a career as a singer, touring in Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea, and she has released more than half a dozen CDs.
In her homeland, she retains a reputation for wholesomeness, and the philandering of her husband, leading to a divorce in 2000, caused a media stir. While she was married, she went into semi-retirement, enjoyed being a mother, and pursued interests in arts and crafts, primarily embroidery and clay sculpture. She graduated from Hong Kong Art School in 2008.

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Gregorio Fuentes
Gregorio Fuentes (Arrecife July 11, 1897 - Cojimar January 13, 2002) was a fisherman and the first mate of the Pilar - the boat belonging to the American writer Ernest Hemingway.
Fuentes was born on Lanzarote in the Canary Islands, and migrated to Cuba when he was ten years old. In 1938, Fuentes replaced the Pilar's original first mate, Carlos Gutierrez, after Hemingway's mistress, Jane Mason, hired him away to be the first mate of her boat after becoming jealous of Hemingway's relationship with Martha Gellhorn.
Fuentes, a life-long cigar smoker, died from cancer in Cojimar in 2002, never having read The Old Man and the Sea. He was 104 years old.
Fuentes is credited by some as a model for Hemingway's protagonist, Santiago, in The Old Man and the Sea, though this is most likely the result of Fuentes' longevity and how he purposefully grew into the incarnation of the role of Santiago for tourists visiting Cojimar.
Hemingway himself stated that Santiago was "based on no one in particular".
That Fuentes worked closely and knew Hemingway very well is undeniable. However, if anyone can claim credit for being the inspiration for Santiago, it was Hemingway's original first mate, Carlos Gutierrez.

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Guillermo Coria
Guillermo Sebastián Coria (born 13 January 1982 in Rufino, Santa Fe Province), nicknames include El Mago (The Magician in Spanish), is a retired professional tennis player from Argentina who was runner-up in the 2004 French Open. He was named after tennis champion and compatriot Guillermo Vilas.
As a junior, Coria won the boy's singles title at the 1999 French Open by beating his friend and fellow Argentine, David Nalbandian, 6–4, 6–3 in the final. One month later at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships, Coria and Nalbandian teamed up to win the boy's doubles title by beating Todor Enev and Jarkko Nieminen, 7–5, 6–4.
Coria turned professional in 2000, finishing 2003, 2004, and 2005 as a top-10 player. He was one of the fastest players on the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) tour, consistently showing great performances in clay-court tournaments. His playing style was that of a counter-puncher.
Coria tested positive for nandrolone in April 2001 and was initially suspended for two years. Coria claimed that the only supplement he was taking was a multivitamin made by a New Jersey supplements company. His family had a private lab test the multivitamin, which found them contaminated with steroids. Subsequently, the ATP reduced his suspension to only the seven months that had already passed. Coria sued the company for more than $10 million in lost prize money and endorsements and settled after the third day of the trial for an undisclosed amount.

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Gwen Verdon
Gwenyth Evelyn “Gwen” Verdon (January 13, 1925 – October 18, 2000) was an actress and dancer who won four Tony awards for her musical comedy performances. With flaming red hair and an endearing quaver in her voice, Verdon was a critically acclaimed dancer on Broadway in the 1950s and 1960s. She is also strongly identified with her second husband, director–choreographer Bob Fosse, remembered as the dancer–collaborator–muse for whom he choreographed much of his work and as the guardian of his legacy after his death.
Verdon was born in Culver City, California, the second child of Gertrude Lilian (née Standring; October 24, 1896 – October 16, 1956) and Joseph William Verdon (December 31, 1896 – June 23, 1978), who were British immigrants to the United States by way of Canada. Her brother was William Farrell Verdon (August 1, 1923 – June 10, 1991). The Verdon family could be described as "showpeople." Her father was an electrician at MGM Studios, and her mother was a former vaudevillian of the Denishawn dance troupe, as well as a dance teacher.

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Harold Shipman
Harold Fredrick Shipman (14 January 1946 – 13 January 2004) was an English doctor and one of the most prolific serial killers in recorded history with 250+ murders being positively ascribed to him.
On 31 January 2000, a jury found Shipman guilty of 15 murders. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and the judge recommended that he never be released.
After his trial, the Shipman Inquiry, chaired by Dame Janet Smith, investigated all deaths certified by Shipman. About 80% of his victims were women. His youngest victim was a 41-year-old man. Much of Britain's legal structure concerning health care and medicine was reviewed and modified as a direct and indirect result of Shipman's crimes, especially after the findings of the Shipman Inquiry, which began on 1 September 2000 and lasted almost two years. Shipman is the only British doctor who has been found guilty of murdering his patients.
Shipman died on 13 January 2004, after hanging himself in his cell at Wakefield Prison in West Yorkshire.
Harold Frederick Shipman was born in Nottingham, England, the second of four children of Vera and Harold Shipman, a lorry driver. His working class parents were devout Methodists. Shipman was particularly close to his mother, who died of cancer when he was 17. Her death came in a manner similar to what later became Shipman's own modus operandi: in the later stages of her disease, she had morphine administered at home by a doctor. Shipman witnessed his mother's pain subside in light of her terminal condition, up until her death on 21 June 1963.

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Henri Langlois
Henri Langlois (13 November 1914, İzmir, Ottoman Empire – 13 January 1977) was a French film archivist and cinephile. A pioneer of film preservation, Langlois was an influential figure in the history of cinema. His film screenings in Paris in the 1950s are often credited with providing the ideas that led to the development of the auteur theory.
Langlois was co-founder of the Cinémathèque Française with Georges Franju and Jean Mitry and also co-founder of the International Federation of Film Archives (FIAF) in 1938. Through close collaboration with the Cinémathèque's longtime Chief Archivist, Lotte Eisner, he worked to preserve films and film history in the post-war era. An eccentric who was often at the center of controversy for his methods, he also served as a key influence on the generation of young cinephiles and critics who would become the French New Wave.
In 1974, Langlois received an honorary Academy Award for "his devotion to the art of film, his massive contributions in preserving its past and his unswerving faith in its future."

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Henry Ford
Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. As owner of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. Ford spent most of his life making headlines, good, bad, but never indifferent. Celebrated as both a technological genius and a folk hero, Ford was the creative force behind an industry of unprecedented size and wealth that in only a few decades permanently changed the economic and social character of the United States. He is credited with "Fordism": mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout most of North America and in major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation but arranged for his family to control the company permanently.

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Henry II of Castile
Henry II (Seville, 13 January 1334 – 29 May 1379 in Santo Domingo de la Calzada), better known as Henry of Trastámara (Spanish: Enrique de Trastámara, Galician: Henrique de Trastamar), 1st Conde de Trastámara, before his coronation, was the illegitimate son of Alfonso XI of Castile and Eleanor of Guzmán. He took the throne after defeating and killing his half-brother Peter of Castile in the Castilian Civil War (1366–1369).
As head of a band of mercenaries, and with the aid of Bertrand du Guesclin, he drove Peter from his throne in 1366. He was then defeated the next year at the Battle of Nájera, and Peter was restored, when Peter lost the aid of some of his mercenaries. Henry re-invaded with French allies and defeated Peter at the Battle of Montiel in 1369; within days he captured the king and summarily executed his half brother personally. Henry then went to war against Portugal and England in the Hundred Years' War. For most of his reign he had to fight off the attempts of John of Gaunt, a son of Edward III of England, to claim the Castilian throne in right of his second wife, Peter's daughter, Infanta Constance of Castile.

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Hilary of Poitiers
Hilary of Poitiers (c. 300 – c. 368) was Bishop of Poitiers and is a Doctor of the Church. He was sometimes referred to as the "Hammer of the Arians" (Latin: Malleus Arianorum) and the "Athanasius of the West." His name comes from the Latin word for happy or cheerful. His optional memorial in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints is 13 January. In the past, when this date was occupied by the Octave Day of the Epiphany, his feast day was moved to 14 January.
Hilary was born at Poitiers about the end of the 3rd century A.D. His parents were pagans of distinction. He received a good education, including what had even then become somewhat rare in the West, some knowledge of Greek. He studied, later on, the Old and New Testament writings, with the result that he abandoned his Neo-Platonism for Christianity, and with his wife and his daughter (traditionally named Saint Abra) were baptized and received into the Church .
So great was the respect in which he was held by the citizens of Poitiers that about 353, although still a married man, he was unanimously elected bishop. At that time Arianism was threatening to overrun the Western Church; to repel the disruption was the great task which Hilary undertook. One of his first steps was to secure the excommunication, by those of the Gallican hierarchy who still remained orthodox, of Saturninus, the Arian Bishop of Arles, and of Ursacius and Valens, two of his prominent supporters.

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Ian Hendry
Ian Hendry (13 January 1931 – 24 December 1984) was an English film and television actor. He is best known for his work on several British TV series of the early 1960s such as The Avengers, and for his roles in 1970s films such as Get Carter (1971).
Hendry was born in Ipswich, Suffolk and educated at Culford School. His acting career began in 1959 and within a year he had landed the lead role of Dr. Geoffrey Brent in the crime series Police Surgeon. The series only ran for twelve episodes but Hendry was next cast in the very similar role of Dr. David Keel in a new action-adventure series entitled The Avengers. Initially, Hendry was the star of this series, which co-starred Patrick Macnee as John Steed. However, production of the first season was curtailed by a strike and Hendry used the opportunity to depart the series and begin a film career. (The Avengers continued for the rest of the decade with Macnee as its star.)^{[citation needed]}
Hendry had a lead role in films such as The October Wedding (1959), Live Now - Pay Later (1962), Girl In The Headlines (1963), The Hill (1965) opposite Sean Connery and in Roman Polanski's Repulsion (also 1965). He appeared in TV series such as Armchair Theatre, Danger Man, The Saint, The Gold Robbers, The Persuaders, Dial M For Murder, Churchill's People, Thriller (UK TV series), The New Avengers, Van Der Valk, Supernatural, Crown Court, For Maddie With Love, The Enigma Files, Bergerac, The Chinese Detective, Jemima Shore Investigates and Brookside. Earlier he had taken the lead role as struck-off solicitor Alex Lambert in the TV series The Informer (1966–67).

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Ifni War
The Ifni War, sometimes called the Forgotten War in Spain (la Guerra Olvidada), was a series of armed incursions into Spanish West Africa by Moroccan insurgents and Sahrawi rebels that began in October 1957 and culminated with the abortive siege of Sidi Ifni.
The war, which may be seen as part of the general movement of decolonization that swept Africa throughout the latter half of the 20th century, was conducted primarily by elements of the Moroccan Army of Liberation which, no longer tied down in conflicts with the French, committed a significant portion of its resources and manpower to the capture of Spanish possessions.
The city of Sidi Ifni was incorporated into the Spanish colonial empire in 1860. The following decades of Franco-Spanish collaboration resulted in the establishment and extension of Spanish protectorates south of the city, and Spanish influence obtained international recognition in the Berlin Conference of 1884. In 1946, the region's various coastal and inland colonies were consolidated as Spanish West Africa.

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Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as "indigenous" according to one of the various definitions of the term, though there is no universally accepted definition.
In the late twentieth century, the term began to be used primarily to refer to ethnic groups that have historical ties to groups that existed in a territory prior to colonization or formation of a nation state, and which normally preserve a degree of cultural and political separation from the mainstream culture and political system of the nation state within the border of which the indigenous group is located. The political sense of the term defines these groups as particularly vulnerable to exploitation and oppression by nation states. As a result, a special set of political rights in accordance with international law have been set forth by international organizations such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organization and the World Bank. The United Nations have issued a Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples to protect the collective rights of indigenous peoples to their culture, identity, language, employment, health, education and natural resources. Depending on which precise definition of "indigenous people" used, and on the census, estimates of a world total population of Indigenous people range from 220 million Indigenous peoples in 1997 to 350 million in 2004.

wn.com/Indigenous_peoples
Jacek Gmoch
Jacek Gmoch (born 13 January 1939 in Pruszków) is a former Polish footballer, who later became a trainer and selector of the Polish National Team.
While having a successful football career he graduated in communication from the Warsaw University of Technology. Gmoch begun playing for Znicz Pruszków, to move on for a successful career in Legia Warsaw. With Legia, he won the Polish Cup twice (in 1964 and 1966) and contributed to the beginning of the successful 1968–69 season. He also became a player for the national Team of Poland (29 caps).
Following a major injury in a friendly match, Gmoch began a coaching career, starting in Legia Warsaw in 1969-71. Having been offered the assistant's job at Kazimierz Górski, he lasted from 1971–74. Moved to U.S. to follow his scientific career (1975–6). He returned to qualify the National Team to 1978 Mundial in Argentina (5th place). He later moved to Norway in 1979 and Greece until 2003 where he became one of the most successful and recognised coaches.

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Jacek Majchrowski
Prof. dr hab. Jacek Maria Majchrowski (born 13 January 1947 in Sosnowiec) is the mayor of the Royal Capital City of Kraków, a lawyer and historian, and a professor at Jagiellonian University.
Majchrowski was born on 13 January 1947 in Sosnowiec. He became a member of the Democratic Left Alliance, a major left-wing Polish political party, but suspended his membership for the duration of his mayorship in Kraków. He has written 14 history books, specializing mostly in the history of Polish political thought and doctrines.

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James Berrett
James Trevor Berrett (born 13 January 1989 in Halifax, West Yorkshire, England) is an Irish professional footballer currently playing for League One side Carlisle United and the Republic of Ireland U21 as a midfielder.
Berrett is a product of the Huddersfield Town academy, he made his début at Boundary Park when he came on as a 69th minute substitute in the 1–1 draw with Oldham Athletic in April 2007.
Berrett made his full debut in Huddersfield's third round FA Cup win over Premier League side Birmingham City on 5 January 2008. The following week he made his first full league debut in Huddersfield's 3–1 defeat at home to Gillingham.
His first goal for the Terriers came in the 3–2 win against Bristol Rovers at the Memorial Stadium on 22 March 2008.
On 13 May, he signed a new two-year deal at the Galpharm Stadium. On 6 August, he scored to give Huddersfield the lead in their centenary match against Arsenal at the Galpharm Stadium where Town lost 2–1 in the end.
Since Stan Ternent's departure as Huddersfield manager, caretaker boss Gerry Murphy has deployed Berrett in a sweeper role as part of a back five. Then, following Lee Clark's decision to revert to the 4–4–2 formation, Berrett found himself out of the team again, but following an illness to Anthony Pilkington, just before the game against Crewe Alexandra in February 2009, he got back in the starting line-up and scored a goal, but Huddersfield lost the match 3–1.

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James Joyce
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century. Joyce is best known for Ulysses (1922), a landmark work in which the episodes of Homer's Odyssey are paralleled in an array of contrasting literary styles, perhaps most prominently the stream of consciousness technique he perfected. Other major works are the short-story collection Dubliners (1914), and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Finnegans Wake (1939). His complete oeuvre includes three books of poetry, a play, occasional journalism, and his published letters.
Joyce was born to a middle class family in Dublin, where he excelled as a student at the Jesuit schools Clongowes and Belvedere, then at University College Dublin. In his early twenties he emigrated permanently to continental Europe, living in Trieste, Paris and Zurich. Though most of his adult life was spent abroad, Joyce's fictional universe does not extend beyond Dublin, and is populated largely by characters who closely resemble family members, enemies and friends from his time there; Ulysses in particular is set with precision in the streets and alleyways of the city. Shortly after the publication of Ulysses he elucidated this preoccupation somewhat, saying, "For myself, I always write about Dublin, because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I can get to the heart of all the cities of the world. In the particular is contained the universal."

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James Lomenzo
James "JLo" LoMenzo (born January 13, 1959 in Brooklyn, New York) is a metal bassist known for his roles as a former member of White Lion and Megadeth. He is also known for his work in Black Label Society .
In the late 1970s, he started in a band called "Empty Sky," a rock band with hints of jazz. The band was based out of Brooklyn and was one of the biggest up-and-coming young bands. James was the lead singer and bass guitarist. The band consisted of Robert Littera at lead guitar, Julie Pontecorvo on Trumpet, Marco Lagana on trombone, Frank Bonanno on tenor saxophone, Oscar Olivera on drums, Vincent Chirico on rhythm guitar and John Buccellato on electric piano. The band broke up as the members began to mature and take their separate career paths.
He played bass with Clockwork, his first original hard rock band in 1980 to 1983. He then went on to play in the band Rondinelli with Ray Gillen before joining White Lion in 1984.
He played bass with White Lion from 1984 to 1991, and later with Zakk Wylde's side-project Lynyrd Skynhead who evolved into Pride & Glory and released one 1994 album. Although he left the band during their 1994 tour, he returned to play on Zakk Wylde's 1996 solo album Book of Shadows. He had a brief stint in the recording studio with Ozzy Osbourne in 1994 but the sessions were not used, and Ozzmosis was re-recorded by different musicians the next year. In 1995, James, along with Pride & Glory drummer Brian Tichy joined Slash's Snakepit as touring musicians.He was a member of David Lee Roth's band in the late '90s and early '00s and performed on his album Diamond Dave.

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James Oglethorpe
James Edward Oglethorpe (22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785) was a British general, Member of Parliament, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia. As a social reformer, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prisons, in the New World.
Oglethorpe was born in Surrey, the son of Sir Theophilus Oglethorpe (1650–1702) of Westbrook Place, Godalming and his wife Lady Eleanor Oglethorpe (1662–1732). He entered Corpus Christi College, Oxford in 1714, but in the same year left to join the army of Prince Eugene of Savoy. Through the recommendation of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough he became aide-de-camp to the prince, and during the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18 he served with distinction in the campaign against the Turks.
After his return to England, he was elected Member of Parliament for Haslemere in 1722. He became a leading humanitarian. In 1728 in Parliament, he advocated reform of the terrible conditions experienced by sailors in the British Royal Navy by publishing an anonymous pamphlet, 'The Sailors Advocate.'

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James Posey
James Mikely Mantell Posey, Jr. (born January 13, 1977) is an American professional basketball player, who most recently played small forward for the Indiana Pacers of the NBA.
Posey attended and played basketball at Chamberlin Middle School and Chamberlin High School in Twinsburg, Ohio. He grew up with NFL cornerback Kelly Herndon who also went to Chamberlin.
Posey came to Xavier University in the 1995–96 season, but under Prop 48 rules, was ineligible, so sat out his freshman year. Posey ranks 16th on Xavier's all-time scoring list with 1,455 points and 10th on Xavier's all-time rebounding list with 801. Posey led XU in rebounding in each of his three seasons as a Musketeer. Posey earned a long list of honors while at Xavier, including the 1998 Atlantic 10 Championship "Most Outstanding Player" Award in helping XU win its first-ever A-10 Tournament Championship. Posey earned the A-10's "Sixth Man Award" twice and was named 1999 A-10 First Team and 1999 A-10 Defensive Player of the Year. He did all of that while not being a consistent starter in the Xavier lineup, almost always coming off the bench and Posey became well sought after from several sports agents such as Bill Duffy, Andy Miller, Craig McKenzie and Mark Bartelstein. With their permission Posey allowed his interviews to be held in front of the media of the Cincinnati Enquirer.

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Jan van Goyen
Jan Josephszoon van Goyen (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjɑn vɑn ˈɣoˑjən]; 13 January 1596 – 27 April 1656) was a Dutch landscape painter. Van Goyen was an extremely prolific artist; approximately twelve hundred paintings and more than one thousand drawings by him are known.
Jan van Goyen was the son of a shoemaker and started as an apprentice in Leiden, the town of his birth. Like many Dutch painters of his time, Jan van Goyen studied art in the town of Haarlem with Esaias van de Velde. At age 35, he established a permanent studio at Den Haag (The Hague). Crenshaw tells (and mentions the sources) that Van Goyen's landscape paintings rarely fetched high prices, but he made up for the modest value of individual pieces by increasing his production, painting thinly and quickly with a limited palette of inexpensive pigments. Despite his market innovations, he always sought more income, not only through related work as an art dealer and auctioneer but also by speculating in tulips and real estate. Although the latter was usually a safe avenue of investing money, in Van Goyen's experience it led to enormous debts. Paulus Potter rented one of his houses. Though he seems to have kept a workshop, his only registered pupils were Nicolaes van Berchem, Jan Steen, and Adriaen van der Kabel. The list of painters he influenced is much longer.

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Jay McInerney
John Barrett McInerney Jr. ( /ˈmækɨnɜrni/; born January 13, 1955 in Hartford, Connecticut) is an American writer. His novels include Bright Lights, Big City; Ransom; Story of My Life; Brightness Falls; and The Last of the Savages. He edited The Penguin Book of New American Voices, wrote the screenplay for the 1988 film adaptation of Bright Lights, Big City, and co-wrote the screenplay for the television film Gia, which starred Angelina Jolie. He was the wine columnist for House & Garden magazine, and his essays on wine have been collected in Bacchus & Me (2000) and A Hedonist in the Cellar (2006). His most recent novel is titled The Good Life, published in 2006, and since April 2010 he is a wine columnist for The Wall Street Journal. In 2009 he published a book of short stories which spanned his entire career entitled How It Ended which was named one of the 10 best books of the year by The New York Times.
McInerney studied writing with Raymond Carver and once worked as a fact-checker at The New Yorker. He achieved fame with his first published novel Bright Lights, Big City. Published in 1984, the novel was unique at the time for its depiction of cocaine culture in second-person narrative. The title is taken from a 1961 blues song by Jimmy Reed. The novel established McInerney's reputation as part of a new generation of writers. Labelled the 'literary brat pack' in a 1987 article in the Village Voice, McInerney, Bret Easton Ellis and Tama Janowitz were presented as the new face of literature: young, iconoclastic and fresh. Five novels followed in rapid succession: Ransom, Story of My Life, Brightness Falls, The Last of the Savages and Model Behavior.

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Jay Reatard
Jimmy Lee Lindsey Jr. (May 1, 1980 – January 13, 2010), better known by the stage name Jay Reatard, was an American musician from Memphis, Tennessee. Lindsey was signed to Matador Records. He released recordings as a solo artist and as a member of The Reatards and Lost Sounds.
Lindsey's recording career began at the age of 15, when a home-made demo tape he had sent in to Goner Records caught the ear of former-Oblivian and Goner Records’ owner, Eric Friedl. Lindsey's introduction to Friedl and his Oblivians bandmates had come that same year when the Oblivians had returned home to Memphis as an opening act for Rocket from the Crypt. Upon seeing the act live, Lindsey became enamored with their sloppy, lo-fi music and set forth creating his own brand of heavily distorted garage rock music. Friedl was impressed by Lindsey's demos and signed him to his label, later commenting, "I loved the racket so we did the record, and I've been a fan of everything he's done since. He's a pretty amazing kid."

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Jeff Morrow
Irving "Jeff" Morrow (January 13, 1907 – December 26, 1993) was an American actor educated at the Pratt Institute in his native New York City. He was a commercial artist prior to turning to acting.
As early as 1927, Morrow acted onstage as Irving Morrow in Pennsylvania. He later appeared in such plays as Penal Law, and Once in a Lifetime, as well as repertory in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, Twelfth Night, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth.
After serving in the U.S. Army during World War II, Morrow spent the late 1940s on the stage and in radio, where he won the title role in the Dick Tracy radio series. He appeared in many Broadway productions, notably Three Wishes for Jamie, Billy Budd, the Maurice Evans production of Macbeth, and the Katharine Cornell production of Romeo and Juliet.
Morrow turned to film acting relatively late in his career, commencing with the Biblical epic The Robe in 1953. Often parodied as the 'Cro-Magnon Man' for his prominent brow, Morrow spent much of the 1950s appearing in a mix of A-budget epics in supporting parts, or 'B' Westerns such as The Siege at Red River (1954) and science fiction films as a leader and screen hero, usually paired with a busty and beautiful actress.^{[citation needed]}

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Jews
The Jews (Hebrew: יְהוּדִים‎‎ ISO 259-3 Yhudim Israeli pronunciation [jehuˈdim]), also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and an ethnoreligious group, originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation.Converts to Judaism, whose status as Jews within the Jewish ethnos is equal to those born into it, have been absorbed into the Jewish people throughout the millennia.
In Jewish tradition, Jewish ancestry is traced to the Biblical patriarchs Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the second millennium BCE. The modern State of Israel defines itself as a Jewish state in its Basic Laws, and Israel's Law of Return states: "Every Jew has the right to come to this country as an oleh." Israel is the only country where Jews are a majority of the population. Jews achieved political autonomy twice before in ancient history. The first of these periods lasted from 1350 to 586 BCE, and encompassed the periods of the Judges, the United Monarchy, and the Divided Monarchy of the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, ending with the destruction of the First Temple. The second was the period of the Hasmonean Kingdom spanning from 140 to 37 BCE. Since the destruction of the First Temple, most Jews have lived in diaspora. A minority in every country in which they live (except Israel), they have frequently experienced persecution throughout history, resulting in a population that has fluctuated both in numbers and distribution over the centuries.

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Joannie Rochette
Joannie Rochette (born January 13, 1986) is a Canadian figure skater. She is the 2010 Olympic bronze medalist, the 2009 World silver medalist, the 2008 and 2009 Four Continents silver medalist, the 2004 Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, and a six-time (2005–10) Canadian national champion.
Rochette was born in Montreal, Quebec, and raised in Île Dupas.
On February 21, 2010, two days before the beginning of ladies' figure skating competition at the winter Olympics in Vancouver, her mother, Thérèse Rochette, died of a heart attack at age 55 at Vancouver General Hospital after arriving to watch her compete; Rochette chose to remain in the competition and skate in her mother's honour. At her mother's funeral, she placed her Olympic bronze medal on the casket for some time.
Rochette is currently a spokesperson for the "iheartmom" campaign at the University of Ottawa Heart Institute, which deals with raising awareness for heart disease in women. She has also worked with World Vision.
Joannie began skating when she was just two years old after her mother took her to the rink.

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Joe Pass
Joe Pass (born Joseph Anthony Jacobi Passalaqua, January 13, 1929 – May 23, 1994) was an Italian-American jazz guitarist of Sicilian descent. He is generally considered to be one of the greatest jazz guitarists of the 20th century. His extensive use of walking basslines, melodic counterpoint during improvisation, use of a chord-melody style of play and outstanding knowledge of chord inversions and progressions opened up new possibilities for jazz guitar and had a profound influence on future guitarists.
Born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, Joe Pass, the son of Mariano Passalaqua, a Sicilian-born steel mill worker, was raised in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. Born into a non-musical family, Pass started to play the guitar after being inspired by actor Gene Autry's portrayal of a guitar-playing cowboy. He received his first guitar, a Harmony model bought for $17, on his 9th birthday. Pass' father recognized early that his son had "a little something happening" and pushed him constantly to pick up tunes by ear, play pieces not written specifically for the instrument, practice scales and not to "leave any spaces" - that is, to fill in the sonic space between the notes of the melody.

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Johann Georg Walch
Johann Georg Walch (June 17, 1693 – January 13, 1775) was a German Lutheran theologian.
He was born at Meiningen, where his father, Georg Walch, was general superintendent. He studied at Leipzig and Jena, amongst his teachers being JF Buddeus, whose only daughter he married. He published in 1716 a work, Historia critica Latinae linguae, which soon came into wide use. Two years later he became professor extraordinarius of philosophy at Jena. In 1719 ha was appointed professor ordinarius of rhetoric, in 1721 of poetry, and in 1724 professor extraordinarius of theology. In 1728 he became professor ordinarius of theology, and in 1750 professor primarius.
His theological position was that of moderate orthodoxy, greatly influenced by the philosophy and controversies of the Deistic period. His university lectures and published works ranged over the wide fields of church history in its various branches, particularly the literature and the controversies of the church, dogmatics, ethics and pastoral theology.

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John Mallory Asher
John Mallory Asher (born January 13, 1971) is an American actor, director, writer and cinematographer.
He is perhaps best known for his performance as Gary, on the USA Networks' series spinoff of the movie Weird Science.
Asher was born John Mallory in Los Angeles, California to actor Edward Mallory and actress Joyce Bulifant. He was adopted by Bulifant's third husband, producer/director William Asher.
Asher married Jenny McCarthy on September 11, 1999. The couple divorced in September, 2005. They have a son named Evan (born May 18, 2002). Evan has autism.

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John McNaughton
John McNaughton (born January 13, 1950) is an American film and television director, originally from Chicago, Illinois.
His first feature film, made in 1986, was Henry: Portrait of a Serial Killer, a film McNaughton directed, co-wrote, and co-produced. Numerous complications plagued the controversial film, delaying its theatrical release until 1989. The film made Time magazine's and Roger Ebert's ten best lists and won best picture honors at Fantasporto and the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film.
His other works include the films Mad Dog and Glory and Wild Things, the documentary Condo Painting as well as episodes of Homicide: Life on the Street, John From Cincinnati, Masters of Horror and the pilot episode for Push, Nevada.
In February 2006, Variety reported that McNaughton was signed to direct Backstabbers, a film that would re-unite him with Stephen Peters, the writer of Wild Things and that film's two lead actresses, Neve Campbell and Denise Richards. The project is reportedly not a Wild Things sequel.

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Johnny Cash
John R. "Johnny" Cash (February 26, 1932 – September 12, 2003), was an American singer-songwriter, actor, and author, who has been called one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century. Although he is primarily remembered as a country music icon, his songs and sound spanned many other genres including rockabilly and rock and roll—especially early in his career—as well as blues, folk, and gospel. This crossover appeal led to Cash being inducted in the Country Music Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
Cash was known for his deep, distinctive bass-baritone voice; for the "boom-chicka-boom" sound of his Tennessee Three backing band; for his rebelliousness, coupled with an increasingly somber and humble demeanor; for providing free concerts inside prison walls; and for his dark performance clothing, which earned him the nickname "The Man in Black". He traditionally started his concerts by saying, "Hello, I'm Johnny Cash." and usually following it up with his standard "Folsom Prison Blues".

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Johnny Podres
John Joseph Podres (September 30, 1932 – January 13, 2008) was an American left-handed starting pitcher in Major League Baseball who spent most of his career with the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers. He is perhaps best remembered for being named the Most Valuable Player of the 1955 World Series, pitching a shutout in Game 7 against the New York Yankees to help bring the Dodgers their first World Series title. He later led the National League in earned run average and shutouts in 1957, and in winning percentage in 1961.
Podres helped the Dodgers win World Series championships in 1955, 1959, 1963 and 1965, although he did not pitch in the 1965 World Series itself. After the Dodgers lost the first two games to the New York Yankees, Podres pitched a complete game, seven-hit victory on his 23rd birthday in Game 3. In the climactic Game 7, Podres pitched a 2–0 shutout to bring Brooklyn its only World Series championship. Podres was given the first-ever World Series MVP Award by Sport magazine and presented with a red two-seater Corvette. Later he was honored as the Sportsman of the Year by Sports Illustrated magazine.

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Josefine Preuß
Josefine Preuß (born 13 January 1986) is a German actress.
Preuß was born in Zehdenick, Brandenburg, near Berlin. Her breakthrough role was Anna Reichenbach in Schloss Einstein (Einstein Castle), a broadcast for children, in which she starred from 1999 to 2001. Preuß also starred in numerous other movies and broadcasts like Abschnitt 40 or Klassenfahrt - Geknutscht wird immer. She won the German TV Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2005^{[citation needed]} Since 2005, she has been playing Lena, the lead role in the family comedy Türkisch für Anfänger (Turkish for Beginners). As "Josi" she hosts Quergelesen, a TV show for children about books.

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Josh Freeman
Joshua Tyler "Josh" Freeman (born January 13, 1988) is the starting quarterback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League. He was selected 17th overall by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the 2009 NFL Draft. He played college football at Kansas State.
Freeman passed for over 7,000 yards at Grandview High School where he was a four-star rated prospect by both Rivals.com and Scout.com. As a sophomore, he threw for 1,946 yards and 24 passing touchdowns, leading Grandview to a 9–3 record and a spot in the quarterfinals of the Class 4 playoffs. In addition, he set 10 school records during his career at Grandview, including career passing yards (7,175), passing touchdowns (78), attempts (809), completions (385), yards passing in a game (404) and touchdowns in a game (6). As a junior, he topped 2,400 yards through the air with 23 touchdowns. As a senior, he was the #4 pro-style rated quarterback in the country by Rivals.com as well as being ranked as the #92 overall prospect in the nation by Rivals and the top player in the state of Missouri. He was the #9 quarterback nationally. He led Grandview to a 7–4 record, a district title and a berth in the sectional round of the Missouri state playoffs. He also completed 151-of-286 passes (53%) for 2,622 yards and 33 touchdowns in 2005. He also earned first team Class 4 all-state honors from the Missouri Sportswriters and Sportscasters Association. Freeman was selected to the Kansas City Star All-Metro team and was the 2005 Thomas A. Simone Award winner as the top player in the Kansas City metro area.

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Josip Broz Tito
Marshal Josip Broz Tito (Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [jɔ̂sip brɔ̂ːz tîtɔ]; born Josip Broz; Cyrillic: Јосип Броз Тито; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1945 until his death in 1980. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, due to his successful economic and diplomatic policies, Tito was seen by most as a benevolent dictator, and was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal policies successfully maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, working with Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt.
Josip was born as the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz in the village of Kumrovec within Austria-Hungary (modern-day Croatia). Drafted into the army, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia.

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Jüri Uluots
Jüri Uluots (13 January 1890 – 9 January 1945) was an Estonian prime minister, journalist, prominent attorney and distinguished Professor and Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Tartu.
Uluots was born in Kirbla Parish, Lääne County in 1890 and studied law at St. Petersburg University in 1910 – 1918. He subsequently taught Roman and Estonian law at the University of Tartu until 1944. Uluots was also an editor of the Kaja newspaper from 1919–1920, and editor-in-chief of Postimees from 1937–38.
Uluots was elected to the Riigikogu, the Estonian parliament, for 1920–1926, and from 1929 through 1932. He was speaker of the Riigivolikogu (lower chamber) from 4 April 1938 to 14 October 1939. Uluots then served as prime minister from 1939 until June 1940 when Soviet troops entered Estonia and installed a new Soviet puppet government led by Johannes Vares, whereas Uluots' constitutional government went underground (and later, in exile). The communist puppet government was never recognized by the United States, United Kingdom and other western powers who considered it, and the August 1940 annexation of Estonia into USSR, illegal .

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Kalifa Tillisi
Khalifa Mohammed Tillsi (Arabic: خليفة محمد التليسي‎ ;9 May 1930 – 13 January 2010) was a well known Libyan historian, translator, and linguist.
He was born in Tripoli, Libya, on 9 May 1930, where he first became a teacher then entered politics. In 1952 he worked in the Libyan Parliament where he became its Secretary General in 1962. He reached the peak of his political career when became a minister for information in Hussein Maziq's cabinet from 1965 to 1967, Libya's Ambassador to Morocco in 1967 - 1969.
After the political change in Libya in 1969, he had been trialed by the Libyan People's Court, and sentenced to four years in prison. The sentence was suspended and was forced into early retirement at the age of 39. In 1974 he founded a Libyan - Tunisian publishing company ( Arabic book house). He was the first president of the Libyan Literature and Writers association in 1977 and was appointed the Secretary General of the Arabic Writers Association in 1978 and in 1981 he became the Secretary General of the Arabic Publishers Association.

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Kamran Akmal
Kamran Akmal (Urdu: کامران اکمل; born 13 January 1982) is a Pakistani cricketer who has played Tests, ODIs and T20Is for Pakistan as a wicket-keeper.
He is a quick-scoring batsman and a wicket-keeper, who has achieved 6 centuries in Test innings. However, his first century was vital - his 109 from the number eight position at Mohali, coming in with Pakistan in a lead of 39 against India in the first Test, ensured that the visitors could draw the match. His form against the touring English in 2005 made him one of the most important players in the team. Naturally, he is a batsman that plays lower down the order but has sometimes opened in both Test and One-day cricket. As an opener he has scored two back to back centuries in ODIs against England. Coming in lower down the order in Test matches, he played one memorable innings. He saved Pakistan from a score of 39/6, scoring a century, to a competitive 245 which helped Pakistan win the match and the series.
His batting was highly productive in early 2006 as he scored seven international hundreds within the space of 6 months. Since his tour of England in Summer 2006 however his batting form dwindled and steadily become worse. His wicket-keeping also worsened and dropped many catches on both the England tour and on a tour to South Africa in early 2007. He then scored an international hundred in the Bangladeshi tour of Pakistan in 2008. He later moved to have some injuries and did not play for some days but later he was again brought into the team.

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Kay Francis
Kay Francis (January 13, 1905 – August 26, 1968) was an American stage and film actress. After a brief period on Broadway in the late 1920s, she moved to film and achieved her greatest success between 1930 and 1936, when she was the number one female star at the Warner Brothers studio, and the highest-paid American film actress. Some of her film-related material and personal papers are available to scholars and researchers in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives.
Francis was born Katharine Edwina Gibbs in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in 1905. Her parents, Joseph Sprague Gibbs and his actress wife Katharine Clinton Francis, were married on December 3, 1903 in New York City at the Church of the Transfiguration, and they moved to Oklahoma City the following year. But, by the time Katharine was four, her father had left. Joseph Gibbs, who stood 6’4”, gave his daughter the gift of height – she was Hollywood's tallest leading lady (5 ft 9 in) in the 1930s. (Ingrid Bergman and Alexis Smith matched her in height, but did not become stars in Hollywood until the 1940s.)

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Keith Coogan
Keith Coogan (born January 13, 1970) is an American actor. He is a grandson of actor Jackie Coogan.
Coogan was born Keith Eric Mitchell in Palm Springs, California, the son of Leslie Diane Coogan Mitchell, an actress. He changed his name to "Keith Coogan" in 1986, two years after the death of his grandfather Jackie Coogan.
Coogan began acting in commercials at the age of five, but appeared on TV as early as two years old. As a child, he appeared on episodes of The Waltons, The Love Boat, Fantasy Island, Laverne and Shirley, Mork & Mindy, Eight is Enough, Knight Rider, Growing Pains, Silver Spoons, Fame, and CHiPs.
Keith Coogan also appeared as 'William' in the adaptation of Ray Bradbury's "All Summer In A Day" that aired on PBS in 1982 by the Learning Corporation of America.
He has also starred in films such as Adventures in Babysitting, Cousins, Hiding Out, Cheetah, Toy Soldiers, Book of Love, and Don't Tell Mom the Babysitter's Dead, as well as straight-to-video releases such as Python, Soulkeeper and Downhill Willie. He guest-starred on Joan of Arcadia and Married to the Kellys.

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Kelly Hrudey
Kelly Hrudey (born January 13, 1961) is a former NHL ice hockey goaltender and current hockey broadcaster with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. During his NHL career, Hrudey played for the New York Islanders (1983–1989), Los Angeles Kings (1989–1996), and San Jose Sharks (1996–1998).
Hrudey played junior hockey for three years with the WHL Medicine Hat Tigers. He was drafted in the second round (38th overall) of the 1980 NHL Entry Draft by the New York Islanders. Hrudey first played for the Indianapolis Checkers, New York's minor league affiliate, and moved to the main club in the 1984–85 season.
He was the Islanders' goaltender in 1987 when they defeated the Washington Capitals in the longest game in club history, a four-overtime Game 7 thriller known as the "Easter Epic", which was won on a goal by Pat LaFontaine after 68:47 of overtime. Hrudey made 73 saves (a playoff record) in a 3–2 Islander victory that ended just before 2am on Easter morning.
Later in 1987, he was the third string goaltender on Team Canada during the 1987 Canada Cup, but did not appear in a game.

wn.com/Kelly_Hrudey
Kevin McClatchy
Kevin S. McClatchy (born January 13, 1963, Sacramento, California) is the former owner of the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team. He led a group of investors that purchased the team in 1996, and served as the team's CEO and lead owner until 2007, when Bob Nutting took over as lead owner, and McClatchy and Nutting hired Frank Coonelly to become CEO.
Prior to purchasing the Pirates, he owned the minor-league Modesto A's^{[citation needed]}. In addition to his baseball work, he is a director of The McClatchy Company, a newspaper publisher owned by his family (he succeeeded Gary B. Pruitt as chairman of the board of the company in April 2012). McClatchy is an alumnus of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.
Kevin is an alumnus of the Trinity-Pawling School in Pawling, New York.
Kevin McClatchy was the leader and plurality investor in a group that paid $95 million for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1996. McClatchy immediately assumed the posts of chief executive officer and managing general partner, which are the offices traditionally staffed directly by owners in Major League Baseball.

wn.com/Kevin_McClatchy
Klaus Brandner
Klaus Brandner (born 13 January 1949 in Kalletal) is a German politician and member of the SPD.

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Kofi Abrefa Busia
Kofi Abrefa Busia (11 July 1913 – 28 August 1978) was Prime Minister of Ghana from 1969–72. He was born in Wenchi, in the then British colony of Gold Coast (now called Ghana). He was educated at Methodist School, Wenchi, Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast, then at Wesley College, Kumasi from 1931–32. He later became a teacher at Achimota Secondary School. He gained his first degree with Honours in Medieval and Modern History from the University of London, through correspondence during this period. He then went on to study at University College, Oxford, where he was the college's first African student. He took a BA (Hons) in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (1941, MA) 1946) and a DPhil in Social Anthropology in 1947, with a thesis entitled The position of the chief in the modern political system of Ashanti: a study of the influence of contemporary social changes on Ashanti political institutions.
He served as a district commissioner from 1942 to 1949, and was appointed first lecturer in African Studies. He became the first African to occupy a Chair at the University of Gold Coast. In 1951 he was elected by the Ashanti Confederacy to the Legislative Council. In 1952 he was Leader of Ghana Congress Party which later merged with the other opposition parties to form the United Party (UP).

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Korean American
Korean Americans (Korean: 한국계 미국인, Hanja: 韓國系美國人, Hangukgye Migukin) are Americans of Korean descent, mostly from South Korea, with a small minority from North Korea. The Korean American community comprises about 0.6% of the United States population, or about 1.7 million people, and is the fifth largest Asian American subgroup, after the Chinese American, Filipino American, Indian American, and Vietnamese American communities. The U.S. is home to the second largest Korean diaspora community in the world after the People's Republic of China.
While people living in North Korea cannot leave or emigrate from their country with rare exceptions, there are numbers of people of North Korean origin living in the U.S., primarily those who fled to the south during the Korean War and then later migrated to the United States. Also, since the North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004 allowed North Korean defectors to be admitted as refugees, about 130 have settled in the U.S. under that status.
According to the 2010 Census, there were approximately 1.7 million people of Korean descent residing in the United States, making it the country with the second largest Korean population living outside Korea (after the People's Republic of China). The ten states with the largest estimated Korean American populations were California (452,000; 1.2%), New York (141,000, 0.7%), New Jersey (94,000, 1.1%), Virginia (71,000, 0.9%), Texas (68,000, 0.3%), Washington (62,400, 0.9%), Illinois (61,500, 0.5%), Georgia (52,500, 0.5%), Maryland (49,000, 0.8%), and Pennsylvania (41,000, 0.3%). Hawaii was the state with the highest concentration of Korean Americans, at 1.8%, or 23,200 people.

wn.com/Korean_American
Kostis Palamas
Kostis Palamas (Greek: Κωστής Παλαμάς; 13 January [O.S. 8 January] 1859 – 27 February 1943) was a Greek poet who wrote the words to the Olympic Hymn. He was a central figure of the Greek literary generation of the 1880s and one of the cofounders of the so-called New Athenian School (or Palamian School, or Second Athenian School) along with Georgios Drosinis, Nikos Kampas, Ioanis Polemis.
Born in Patras, he received his primary and secondary education in Mesolonghi. In 1880s, he worked as a journalist. He published his first collection of verses, the "Songs of My Fatherland", in 1886. He held an administrative post at the University of Athens between 1897 and 1926, and died during the German occupation of Greece during World War II. His funeral was a major event of the Greek resistance: the funerary poem composed and recited by fellow poet Angelos Sikelianos roused the mourners and culminated in an angry demonstration of a 100,000 people against Nazi occupation.
Palamas wrote the lyrics to the Olympic Hymn, composed by Spyridon Samaras. It was first performed at the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games. The Hymn was then shelved as each host city from then until the 1960 Winter Olympics commissioned an original piece for its edition of the Games, but the version by Samaras and Palamas was declared the official Olympic Anthem in 1958 and has been performed at each edition of the Games since the 1960 Winter Olympics.

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Laura Ludwig
Laura Ludwig (born 13 January 1986 in Berlin) is a professional German beach volleyball player. Currently forming a pair with compatriot Sara Goller, she represents Hertha BSC.
Initially paired with Jana Köhler, Ludwig won the U18 European Championship and later the U18 World Championship in Pattava Beach (Thailand). After surviving a stroke which nearly ended her career, she bounced back after changing to her current partner, Sara Goller. Together, Ludwig and Goller became 2006 German champions, won the U23 European Championships in St. Pölten and ended fourth in the women's European Championships the same year in Den Haag. They continued their line of success in 2007, defending the German title and winning the Silver medal in the European Championships in Valencia. Ludwig and Goller ended the 2007 season as leaders in the German women's ranking and are placed 7th overall.

wn.com/Laura_Ludwig
Lee Seung Gi
Lee Seung Gi (Hangul: 이승기, Hanja: 李昇基) was born on 13 January 1987. He is a South Korean singer, actor and MC. He is well known as the MC for television programme Strong Heart, from 2009 to March 2012.
Scouted by singer Lee Sun Hee, Lee Seung Gi trained for 2 years before debuting on 5 June 2004 at the age of 17. "Because You're My Girl", his debut song from his first album The Dream Of A Moth, was a ballad which created "liking older women" syndrome in South Korea. With this song, he won the 'Best Newcomer award in various music awards ceremonies in 2004 (such as M.net KM Music Festival, SBS Music Awards and MBC Best 10 Singers Music Festival). In 2007, he also won the "Best Male Solo Artist" award in the M.net KM Music Festival with his song "White Lie" from his third album Story Of Separation.
Lee Seung Gi released a digital single Will You Marry Me in 2009. With this single, he received the "Digital Single Bonsang" award in the 24th Golden Disk Awards. In 2010, he recorded a duet version of his 2007 song Smile Boy with South Korean figure skater Kim Yuna, and the song was the official 2010 FIFA World Cup commercial song in South Korea. He also received the "Digital Single Bonsang" award for the second consecutive time in the 25th Golden Disk Awards with his song "Love Taught Me To Drink".

wn.com/Lee_Seung_Gi
Leo Visser
Leendert ("Leo") Visser (born 13 January 1966 in Haastrecht, Zuid-Holland) is s a former Dutch Speed skater, who in 1989 won the World Allround championship, the same year in which Visser also became European champion.
At the 1988 Olympics in Calgary he won a silver medal on the 5000 m and a bronze medal on the 10 000 meter. Four years later, at the 1992 Olympics in Albertville, Visser won a bronze medal on both the 1,500 and the 5,000 metres, two distances which was coincidently won by the two Norwegians Johann Olav Koss and Geir Karlstad.
After his career as a speed skater, Visser became a pilot and he is now captain on the Boeing 777 for Dutch airline KLM.
Source: www.isu.org

wn.com/Leo_Visser
Liam Hemsworth
Liam Hemsworth (born 13 January 1990) is an Australian actor. He took the role of Josh Taylor in the soap opera Neighbours and as "Marcus" on the children's television series The Elephant Princess and appeared in the American film The Last Song, released on March 31, 2010. Hemsworth's elder brothers, Luke and Chris, are also actors and provided a path for Hemsworth to emulate.
Hemsworth was born in Melbourne, Australia. He is the son of Leonie, an English teacher, and Craig Hemsworth, a social-services counselor. He has two older brothers, Chris and Luke Hemsworth, who also work as actors. Hemsworth has said that though there is competition for jobs among them, it is friendly: "We are brothers and we are always competitive, but it is a good thing, it pushes us and we are always happy whenever someone books something."
When Hemsworth was in year 8, he and his family relocated to Phillip Island, a small island. Hemsworth says he spent much of his time there surfing with his brothers. In March 2009, Hemsworth moved to the United States to pursue his career there. He and his brother Chris first stayed in the guest house of Chris's agent William Ward before renting their own Los Angeles apartment in which they currently reside.

wn.com/Liam_Hemsworth
Lionel Groulx
Lionel-Adolphe Groulx (French pronunciation: [ɡʁu]; January 13, 1878–May 23, 1967) was a Canadian Roman Catholic priest, historian and Quebec nationalist.
Groulx was born at Chenaux, Quebec, Canada, the son of a farmer and lumberjack, and died in Vaudreuil, Quebec. After his seminary training and studies in Europe, he taught at Valleyfield College in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield, and then the Université de Montréal. In 1917 he co-founded a monthly journal called Action Française, becoming its editor in 1920.
Groulx was one of the first Quebec historians to study Confederation: he insisted on its recognition of Quebec rights and minority rights, although he believed a combination of corrupt political parties and French Canadian minority status in the Dominion had failed to deliver on those promises, as the Manitoba conflict exposed. Groulx believed that only through national education and the Quebec government could the economic and social inferiority of French Canadians be repaired. Groulx was quite successful promoting his brand of ultramontanism.

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Liz Anderson
Liz Anderson (January 13, 1927 [1] – October 31, 2011) was an American country music singer/songwriter who was one of a wave of a new generation of female vocalists in the genre during the 1960's to write and record her own songs on a regular basis. Writing in The New York Times Bill Friskics-Warren noted, "Like her contemporary Loretta Lynn, Ms. Anderson gave voice to female survivors, inhabiting their struggles in a soprano at times alluring, at times sassy." [2]
Anderson received two Grammy Award nominations in 1967, for "Best Female Country Vocal Performance" for her Top 5 hit, the self-penned "Mama Spank" and with Bobby Bare and Norma Jean for "Best Country Vocal - Group" for another top 5 hit "The Game of Triangles".
Anderson also wrote many of the early hits for her daughter, Lynn Anderson whose recording career began less than a year after her mother's, and several hits for other artists, notably Merle Haggard, "(My Friends Are Gonna Be) Strangers" and "I'm a Lonesome Fugitive". Haggard later named his band "The Strangers" after the hit, "All My Friends Are Gonna Be Strangers".

wn.com/Liz_Anderson
Lorrie Moore
Lorrie Moore (born Marie Lorena Moore on January 13, 1957) is an American fiction writer known mainly for her humorous and poignant short stories.
Marie Lorena Moore was born in Glens Falls, New York, and nicknamed "Lorrie" by her parents. She attended St. Lawrence University. At 19, she won Seventeen magazine's fiction contest. After graduating from St. Lawrence, she moved to Manhattan and worked as a paralegal for two years.
In 1980, Moore enrolled in Cornell University's M.F.A. program, where she was taught by Alison Lurie. Upon graduation from Cornell, Moore was encouraged by a teacher to contact agent Melanie Jackson. Jackson sold her collection, Self-Help, composed almost entirely of stories from her master's thesis, to Knopf in 1983.
Moore writes frequently about failing relationships and terminal illness and is known for her mordant wit and pithy one-liners. Her stories often take place in the Midwest.
Her short story collections are Self-Help, Like Life, and the New York Times bestseller Birds of America. She has contributed to The Paris Review. Her first story to appear in The New Yorker, "You're Ugly, Too," was later included in The Best American Short Stories of the Century, edited by John Updike. Another story, "People Like That Are the Only People Here," also published in The New Yorker, was reprinted in the 1998 edition of the annual collection The Best American Short Stories; the tale of a young child falling sick, the piece was loosely paterned on events in Moore's own life. The story was also included in the 2005 anthology Children Playing Before a Statue of Hercules, edited by David Sedaris.

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Lourdes Arévalos
Lourdes Verónica Arévalos Elias (born January 13, 1984, in San Lorenzo, Paraguay) represented her country in the Miss Universe 2006 pageant, held in Los Angeles, USA on July 23, 2006. She won the title of 3rd Runner-up. In the same year she represented Paraguay in the Reina Sudamericana 2006 beauty pageant and won the title of 2nd Runner-up.

wn.com/Lourdes_Arévalos
Lyonel Feininger
Lyonel Charles Feininger (July 17, 1871 – January 13, 1956) was a German-American painter, and a leading exponent of Expressionism. He also worked as a caricaturist and comic strip artist.
Lyonel Feininger was born to German-American violinist and composer Karl Feininger and American singer Elizabeth Feininger. He was born and grew up in New York City, but traveled to Germany at the age of 16 in 1887 to study. In 1888, he moved to Berlin and studied at the Königliche Akademie Berlin under Ernst Hancke. He continued his studies at art schools in Berlin with Karl Schlabitz, and in Paris with sculptor Filippo Colarossi. He started as a caricaturist for several magazines including Harper's Round Table, Harper's Young People, Humoristische Blätter, Lustige Blätter, Das Narrenschiff, Berliner Tageblatt and Ulk.
In 1900, he met Clara Fürst, daughter of the painter Gustav Fürst. He married her in 1901, and they had two daughters. In 1905, he separated from his wife after meeting Julia Berg. He married Berg in 1908 and had several children with her.

wn.com/Lyonel_Feininger
Maler Müller
Friedrich Müller (13 January 1749 – 23 April 1825), German poet, dramatist and painter, is best known for his slightly sentimental prose idylls on country life. Usually known as Maler Müller (i.e. Painter Müller).
Müller was born in Kreuznach. He showed a talent for art in his youth, and studied painting at Zweibrücken, where his fascinating personality and varied endowments won him the favor of court circles. At 18, he published several collections of etchings which attracted much attention with their originality. In 1774-1775, he settled in Mannheim, where he soon acquired a reputation as a poet. In 1777 he was appointed court painter.
In 1778 he was enabled by a public subscription to visit Italy, which remained his home for the rest of his life. In 1780 he became a Roman Catholic. He was unfavourably influenced by the study of Italian models, and gradually became estranged from painting through failures and distress. He devoted himself instead to the study of the history of art. He became a sort of ambulant antiquary, and his services as cicerone were especially in demand among German visitors to Rome.

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Mansour Rahbani
Mansour Rahbani (Arabic: منصور الرحباني, Manṣūr Al-Raḥbāni‎), (1925 – January 13, 2009) was a Lebanese composer, musician, poet and producer, known as one of the Rahbani brothers.
He received his first musical education on the hands of Father Paul el Achkar, following which he studied Eastern music, musical scores, melodies, Harmony, counterpoint, orchestration and musical analysis. Rahbani was also thoroughly acquainted with rare and valuable references such as the Kamel el Khalay book, the compositions of Al-Kindi and Al-Farabi, and the Shehabiya research in Arab musical melodies. Rahbani studied for nine years under the guidance of Bertrand Robillard, who is considered to be the main catalyst which allowed the young Rahbani’s talent to shine through. In the words of composer Mohamed Abdel Wahab, Mansour’s musical gift changed the fate of Eastern music and song.^{[citation needed]}
During his musical education he collaborated with his brother Assi in creating the Rahbani brothers. They took their new artistic direction to the Lebanese Radio in 1945. The delivery of a ‘Rahbanian’ song was not an easy task;^{[citation needed]} however, it had faced up to the strong current of the traditional song and heritage, which dominated the entirety of the Eastern World since the beginning of the twentieth century, through Salma Hegazi and Abdou El-Hamoli.^{[citation needed]}

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Mara Buneva
Mara Buneva (Bulgarian and Macedonian: Мара Бунева) (1902 in Tetovo, Ottoman Empire – January 13, 1928, Skopje, Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was a Bulgarian revolutionary, member of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. She is famous for the assassination of a Serbian official Velimir Prelić after which she committed suicide. In the Republic of Macedonia Buneva is regarded as a Bulgarophile traitor.
After the Serbian annexation of Vardar Macedonia, Buneva moved to Bulgaria, where she studied in Sofia University and married a Bulgarian officer. Later on direct orders by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) in 1927, she went back to Yugoslavia with a conspiratorial mission. At the appointed time on January 13, 1928, she intercepted Prelić on his way to lunch and shot the official after which she shot herself. Prelić died in hospital a few days later and was buried in Skopje. Her act was part of a violent resistance movement against Serbian policies of forced assimilation of the Macedonian Bulgarians. Prelić had been known for ordering arrests and tortures of young locals, members of Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization (MYSRO), who openly opposed the Serbian rule.

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Marc Potvin
Marc Potvin (January 29, 1967 – January 13, 2006) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player in the National Hockey League. He was the cousin of Denis Potvin and Jean Potvin.
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Potvin, second cousin of Hall of Famer Denis Potvin, was selected by the Detroit Red Wings in the ninth round, 169th overall, in the 1986 NHL Entry Draft. During his career, he played for four different NHL teams: the Red Wings (1990–91 to 1991–92), Los Angeles Kings (1992–93 to 1993–94), Hartford Whalers (1993–94), and Boston Bruins (1994–95 to 1995–96). In 121 NHL games, he scored 3 goals and had 5 assists for 8 points. He also amassed 456 penalty minutes. In 13 NHL playoff games, he scored no goals, had one assist and 50 penalty minutes.
For the 1998–99 season, Potvin was the assistant coach for the Adirondack Red Wings of the American Hockey League. The next season, he made the jump to head coach for the Mississippi Sea Wolves of the ECHL. After only one season there, he became the head coach of the Springfield Falcons of the AHL, where he stayed for two seasons. Part way through the 2003–04 season, he took over the head coach position of the Adirondack IceHawks in the UHL. He would continue coaching the team (renamed the Adirondack Frostbite) in Glens Falls, New York.

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Marc Staal
Marc Staal (born January 13, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman and alternate captain for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League. He is the younger brother of Eric Staal of the Carolina Hurricanes, and older brother of Jordan Staal of the Pittsburgh Penguins and Jared Staal, who plays in the Hurricanes organization. Of the four brothers, Marc is the only defenseman.
Staal grew up playing minor hockey in his hometown of Thunder Bay, ON and was a minor hockey teammate of future NHL'ers Tom Pyatt, Ryan Parent and Taylor Chorney with the Thunder Bay Kings AAA program.
He was selected 2nd overall in the 2003 OHL Priority Selection by the Sudbury Wolves after a solid season with the Minor Midget Kings.
Staal played junior hockey from 2003–2007 for the Sudbury Wolves in the Ontario Hockey League where he was the team's captain, and led the Wolves to their first trip to the OHL finals in 30 years.[1] He was drafted by the New York Rangers in 2005 NHL Entry Draft in the 1st round, 12th pick overall.

wn.com/Marc_Staal
Marcel Camus
Marcel Camus (21 April 1912 – 13 January 1982) was a French film director.
He was born in Chappes, Ardennes, France and died in Paris. He is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery.
He directed nearly a dozen films, including Orfeu Negro (also known as Black Orpheus), which won the Golden Palm at the 1959 Cannes Film Festival and the 1960 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
In 1960, Camus made a second Brazlilian-themed film, Os bandeirantes. Twenty years after Orfeu Negro, Camus returned to Brazilian themes for what would prove to be his last film, Bahia (also known as Otalia da Bahia and Os pastores da noite), based a novel by Brazilian novelist Jorge Amado. These films, however, failed to recapture the success of Orfeu Negro. In 1970, Camus had a moderate success with a World War II comedy, Le Mur de l'Atlantique (The Atlantic Wall), starring the well-known French comedian Bourvil.
Camus studied art and intended to become an art teacher. However, World War II interrupted his plans. He spent part of the war in a German prisoner-of-war camp.

wn.com/Marcel_Camus
Marco Pantani
Marco Pantani (13 January 1970 – 14 February 2004) was an Italian road racing cyclist, widely considered one of the best climbers in professional road bicycle racing. He won both the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia in 1998, being the first Italian since Felice Gimondi in 1965 to win the Tour de France. He is the last cyclist to win the Giro and the Tour in the same year.
His attacking style and aggressive riding turned him into a fan favorite in the late 1990s. He was known as 'Il Pirata' because of his shaved head and the bandana and earrings he always wore. At 1.72 m and 57 kg, Marco Pantani had the classic build for a mountain climber. His style contrasted with that of time-trialling experts such as the five-times Tour winner Miguel Indurain.
Despite the fact that he never tested positive, his career was beset by doping allegations. In the 1999 Giro d'Italia, he was expelled due to his irregular blood values. Although he was disqualified for "health reasons", it was implied that Pantani's high haematocrit was the product of EPO use. Following later accusations, Pantani went into a depression from which he never fully recovered. He died of acute cocaine poisoning in 2004.

wn.com/Marco_Pantani
Margaret Leighton
Margaret Leighton (26 February 1922 – 13 January 1976) was an English actress. She had an exquisite sense of grandeur and refinement. She created the role of Hannah Jelkes in Tennessee Williams' The Night of the Iguana.
Born in Barnt Green, Worcestershire, Leighton made her stage debut as Dorothy in Laugh With Me (1938), which was also performed that year for BBC Television. She became a star of the Old Vic. Her Broadway debut was as the Queen in Henry IV (1946) starring Laurence Olivier and Ralph Richardson during a visit to America of the Old Vic company, which performed a total of five plays from its repertoire before returning to London.
After appearing in two British films, including the starring role of Flora MacDonald opposite David Niven in Bonnie Prince Charlie (1948), the tall willowy actress played second female lead in Alfred Hitchcock's Under Capricorn (1949) starring Ingrid Bergman, Joseph Cotten, and Michael Wilding. She starred with Walter Pidgeon in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer crime/mystery Calling Bulldog Drummond (1951).

wn.com/Margaret_Leighton
Maria Sibylla Merian
Maria Sibylla Merian (April 2, 1647 – January 13, 1717) was a naturalist and scientific illustrator who studied plants and insects and made detailed paintings about them. Her detailed observations and documentation of the metamorphosis of the butterfly make her a significant, albeit not well known, contributor to entomology.
Maria Sibylla Merian was born on April 2, 1647 in Frankfurt, Germany, into the family of Swiss engraver and publisher Matthäus Merian the Elder. Her father died three years later and in 1651 her mother married still life painter Jacob Marrel. Marrel encouraged Merian to draw and paint. At the age of 13 she painted her first images of insects and plants from specimens she had captured.
In 1665 Merian married Marrell's apprentice, Johann Andreas Graff. Two years later she had her first child, Johanna Helena, and the family moved to Nuremberg. While living there, Maria Sibylla continued painting, working on parchment and linens, and creating designs for embroidery patterns. She took on many students, which helped the family financially, and increased their social standing. This provided her with access to the finest gardens, maintained by the wealthy and elite.

wn.com/Maria_Sibylla_Merian
Mario Yepes
Mario Alberto Yepes Díaz (born 13 January 1976) is a Colombian professional footballer, who plays as a defender for Serie A club Milan. He has also been the captain of the Colombian national team since 2008.
When Mario Yepes started his playing career in 1994 with Cortuluá, he was playing as a forward before Cortulua's coach converted him to a libero (sweeper). His career really took off after he signed for his home town club Deportivo Cali in 1998. He won two Colombian championships with Deportivo Cali.
In 1999, he joined River Plate in Argentina, where he became a star and won two Argentine Primera championships. In spite of the fact that several Italian and English clubs wanted to recruit him, he signed for FC Nantes Atlantique in January 2002 where his nickname was “El Rey.”. He became one the best central defenders of the French first division and joined Paris Saint-Germain in 2004, where his nickname was "Super Mario" as a reference to his defensive abilities and fitness levels. In 2008 he joined Chievo Verona of Italy. He signed a new contract in summer 2009.

wn.com/Mario_Yepes
Marjorie Lawrence
Marjorie Florence Lawrence CBE (17 February 1907 – 13 January 1979) was an Australian soprano, particularly noted as an interpreter of Richard Wagner's operas. She was the first soprano to perform the immolation scene in Götterdämmerung by riding her horse into the flames as Wagner had intended. She was afflicted by polio from 1941. Her autobiography was filmed in 1955 as Interrupted Melody, with Eleanor Parker acting the role and Eileen Farrell singing for her. Lawrence later served on the faculty of the School of Music at Southern Illinois University Carbondale.
Lawrence was born at Deans Marsh, 135 km (84 mi) south west of Melbourne, Victoria. She was the fifth of six children of William Lawrence, the local butcher, and Elizabeth (née Smith) Lawrence, church organist. Her mother died when Lawrence was two and she was raised by her father's mother. Lawrence attended local schools, joined the choir at St Pauls Church of England and was a soloist by age ten. Her interest in opera was sparked by gramophone records of Nellie Melba and Clara Butt. She won a number of vocal competitions when aged in her teens, and at the age of 18 she travelled to Melbourne for work. She received voice lessons from Ivor Boustead but had to return home due to financial hardship. Lawrence failed to gain a place at the Royal South Street competitions in Ballarat but went on to win the Sun Aria at Geelong in 1928. Australian baritone John Brownlee advised her to study in Paris with Cécile Gilly. Lawrence boarded with a French family and, under Gilly's tuition, was able to extend her voice's upper range.

wn.com/Marjorie_Lawrence
Mark Alexander Boyd
Mark Alexander Boyd (13 January 1562 – 10 April 1601) was a Scottish poet and soldier of fortune. He was born in Ayrshire, Scotland. His father was from Pinkell, Carrick in Ayrshire. Boyd left Scotland for France as a young man. There he studied civil law. He took part in the religious wars of the League, fighting on the Catholic side.
He had two collections of Latin poems published, in 1590 and 1592, at a time when he was in south-west France. He returned to Scotland only at the end of his life. He is now remembered for one poem in Scots, a sonnet which was attributed to him in 1900, and which Ezra Pound called "the most beautiful sonnet in the language"

wn.com/Mark_Alexander_Boyd
Mark Bosnich
Mark Bosnich (born 13 January 1972) is an Australian former football (soccer) goalkeeper and sports pundit. As a player, he played in the English Premier League for Aston Villa, Manchester United and Chelsea as well as representing Australia 17 times during his career. He also played in his native country playing for Sydney United, Central Coast Mariners and Sydney Olympic.
Bosnich was born and grew up in Liverpool, New South Wales and Fairfield, Sydney and attended Liverpool Boys High School.^{[citation needed]} Bosnich played for Sydney Croatia youth team before moving to England. In 1988, at the age of 16, he moved to England to join Manchester United and made his debut for them in a First Division fixture against Wimbledon on 30 April 1990.
He only played two more games for the club before returning to Sydney Croatia briefly in 1991–92 season. He returned to England signing for Aston Villa on a free transfer on 28 February 1992. During Bosnich's time at Old Trafford, Manchester United won the FA Cup and European Cup Winners' Cup, but he did not make the squad for either win.

wn.com/Mark_Bosnich
Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren (Dutch: Maarten van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was the eighth President of the United States (1837–1841). Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President (1833–1837) and the tenth Secretary of State, under Andrew Jackson (1829–1831).
Van Buren was a key organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the Second Party System, and the first president not of British or Irish descent—his family was Dutch. He was the first president to be born an American citizen, his predecessors having been born British subjects before the American Revolution. He is also the only president not to have spoken English as his first language, having grown up speaking Dutch, and the first president from New York.
As Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State and then Vice President, Van Buren was a key figure in building the organizational structure for Jacksonian democracy, particularly in New York State. As president, he did not want the United States to annex Texas, an act which John Tyler would achieve eight years after Van Buren's initial rejection. Between the bloodless Aroostook War and the Caroline Affair, relations with Britain and its colonies in Canada also proved to be strained.

wn.com/Martin_Van_Buren
Mary Slessor
Mary Mitchell Slessor (2 December 1848 – 13 January 1915) was a Scottish missionary to Nigeria. Her determined work and strong personality allowed her to be trusted and accepted by the locals, spreading Christianity and promoting women's rights.
Mary was born in Aberdeen and moved to Dundee at the age of 11 when her family was looking for work. Her father was an alcoholic who had to stop his work as a shoemaker and eventually became a mill labourer and then survived a heart attack. Mary's mother ensured that she attended church and made her a half time worker at a jute mill, working for half the day and attending the mill school for the other half. She developed a strong interest in religion and joined a local mission teaching the poor. One famous story from this time is that of the Red Headed Lady: Mary dared a gang of boys that she would not flinch as they swung a metal weight closer and closer to her face; she successfully stayed still, and the boys were so ashamed of themselves they decided to attend her Sunday School and the leader of the gang became a Christian. Mary also noticed all of the boys coming back every Sunday. Two years later Mary was on a boat to Africa.^{[citation needed]}

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Mauro Forghieri
Mauro Forghieri (born January 13, 1935) is an Italian Formula One car designer.
Forghieri was born in Modena, the only child of Reclus and Afra Forghieri. His father, a turner, did war work during World War II for the Ansaldo mechanical workshops of Naples. After the conflict, he took up work in the Ferrari workshop in Maranello.
Meanwhile, Forghieri completed the Liceo Scientifico and obtained a degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Bologna. Despite his initial interest in aviation design, he accepted an offer from Ferrari, where he had been introduced by his father. He became part of the racing team in 1962, with the position of Chief of the Technical Department for racing cars.
He was later promoted to Technical Director of the Racing Department. In 1970, Forghieri designed the Ferrari 312 series (consisting of the 312 and 312B formula one cars and 312P and 312PB sportscars). Under his guidance Ferrari won the driver's F1 world championship title four times, with John Surtees (1964), Niki Lauda (1975 and 1977), and Jody Scheckter (1979). Ferrari also won the constructors F1 world championship title eight times.

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Max Nonne
Max Nonne (13 January 1861, Hamburg – 12 August 1959) was a German neurologist.
Max Nonne received his early education at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg, Freiburg, and Berlin, obtaining his doctorate in 1884 at Hamburg University. Afterwards he served as an assistant in the Heidelberg medical clinic under Wilhelm Heinrich Erb (1840-1921) and in the surgical clinic in Kiel under Johannes Friedrich August von Esmarch (1823-1908), later settling in Hamburg as a neurologist (1889). During the same year he became head physician in the department of internal medicine at the Red Cross Hospital. In 1896 he was appointed director of neurology at the Eppendorf Hospital, Hamburg.
Nonne became a titular professor of neurology in 1913, and in 1919 began teaching classes in neurology at the newly founded University of Hamburg, where in 1925 he became professor ordinarius. Here he worked with Alfons Maria Jakob (1884-1931).
Max Nonne was one of the four German physicians asked to investigate Vladimir Ilich Lenin during the Russian leaders' final disease.

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Metastasio
Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi, better known by his pseudonym of Metastasio, (January 3, 1698 – April 12, 1782) was an Italian poet and librettist, considered the most important writer of opera seria libretti.
Metastasio was born in Rome, where his father, Felice Trapassi, a native of Assisi, had taken service in the Corsican regiment of the papal forces. Felice married a Bolognese woman, Francesca Galasti, and became a grocer in the Via dei Cappellari. The couple had two sons and two daughters; Pietro was the younger son.
Pietro, while still a child, is said to have attracted crowds by reciting impromptu verses on a given subject. On one such occasion in 1709, two men of distinction stopped to listen: Giovanni Vincenzo Gravina, famous for legal and literary erudition as well as his directorship of the Arcadian Academy, and Lorenzini, a critic of some note. Gravina was attracted by the boy's poetic talent and personal charm, and made Pietro his protégé; in the course of a few weeks he adopted him. Felice Trapassi was glad to give his son the chance of a good education and introduction into society.

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Michael Bond
Thomas Michael Bond, OBE (born 13 January 1926) is an English author, most celebrated for his Paddington Bear series of books.
Bond was born in Newbury and raised in Reading, Berkshire, where his visits to Reading Station to watch the,"Cornish Riviera Express", go steaming through started a love of trains. He was educated at Presentation College, a Catholic school in Reading.
In February 1943, Michael Bond survived an air raid in Reading. The building in which he was working collapsed under him, killing 41 people and injured many more. Later in World War II, he served in both the Royal Air Force and the Middlesex Regiment of the British Army.
Bond began writing in 1945 and sold his first short story to the magazine London Opinion. In 1958, after producing a number of plays and short stories and while working as a BBC television cameraman (where he worked on Blue Peter for a time), his first book, A Bear Called Paddington, was published. This was the start of Bond's most famous series of books, telling tales of a bear from "Darkest Peru", whose Aunt Lucy sends him to England, carrying a jar of marmalade. The Brown family found the bear at Paddington Station, and adopted him, naming the bear after the station. By 1967, Bond was able to give up his BBC job to work full-time as a writer. Paddington's adventures have been published in nearly twenty countries, and have inspired pop bands, race horses, plays, hot air balloons and a TV series. Bond stated in December 2007 that he did not plan to continue the adventures of Paddington Bear in further volumes.

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Michael Brecker
Michael Leonard Brecker (March 29, 1949 – January 13, 2007) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. Acknowledged as "a quiet, gentle musician widely regarded as the most influential tenor saxophonist since John Coltrane," he has been awarded 15 Grammy Awards as both performer and composer and was inducted into Down Beat Jazz Hall of Fame in 2007.
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and raised in Cheltenham Township, a local suburb, Michael Brecker was exposed to jazz at an early age by his father, an amateur jazz pianist. He grew up a part of the generation of jazz musicians who saw rock music not as the enemy but as a viable musical option. Brecker began studying clarinet, then moved to alto saxophone in school, eventually settling on the tenor saxophone as his primary instrument. He graduated from Cheltenham High School in 1967 and after only a year at Indiana University, Michael Brecker moved to New York City in 1969 where he carved out a niche for himself as a dynamic and exciting jazz soloist. He first made his mark at age 21 as a member of the jazz-rock band Dreams—a band that included his older brother Randy, trombonist Barry Rogers, drummer Billy Cobham, Jeff Kent and Doug Lubahn. Dreams was short-lived, lasting only a year, but Miles Davis was seen at some gigs prior to his recording Jack Johnson.

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Michael Cuccione
Michael James Cuccione (January 5, 1985 – January 13, 2001) was a Canadian actor, singer, dancer, author, and cancer research activist. He was born in Burnaby, British Columbia, and raised in neighbouring Coquitlam by his parents Domenic and Gloria Cuccione. He had an older sister, Sophia, and a younger brother, Steven.
On July 25, 1994, when Michael was 9, he was diagnosed with stage 2A Hodgkin's lymphoma, a form of cancer affecting the lymph nodes. It was treated with five months of chemotherapy, but returned the following year. His second bout with the disease metastasized to his lungs. He required massive doses of chemotherapy, a bone marrow transplant, and twelve radiation treatments around his heart and lungs. He was then cancer free, but the treatment left him with permanent lung and respiratory problems.
Michael became a well-known campaigner for cancer research and awareness. The singer/actor established The Michael Cuccione Foundation for Cancer Research and turned his love for music into a fundraising effort by recording a five-song CD, Make a Difference. He also co-authored a book with his grandmother titled, There are Survivors: The Michael Cuccione Story about his experiences battling cancer; his effort eventually raised C$500,000, which was donated to the British Columbia's Children's Hospital. Michael made many in-person appearances on television, radio, at schools and hospitals, and other fundraising events.

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Michael Peña
Michael Anthony Peña (born January 13, 1976) is an American film and television actor. He is best known for his roles in the films Crash, World Trade Center, Shooter, Observe and Report, 30 Minutes or Less and Tower Heist.
Peña, a Mexican-American, was born in Chicago, Illinois, where his father worked at a button factory and his mother was an assistant to a social worker. Both of Peña's parents were originally farmers. Peña attended Hubbard High School in Chicago. He has been associated with Scientology. Peña and his wife Brie Shaffer welcomed their first child in September 2008, a boy named Roman.
Though Peña has been a regular in independent productions since 1994, his breakthrough performances came in 2004 in two Best Picture Oscar-winning Paul Haggis penned films, Million Dollar Baby and Crash. The latter was also directed by Haggis, while the former was helmed by Clint Eastwood. Though both films are critically acclaimed, Peña received attention for his particularly emotional performance in Crash. The following year, he appeared on the Golden Globe winning series, The Shield. In 2006, he starred in Oliver Stone's film based on the September 11, 2001 attacks, World Trade Center. He also had a small role in Alejandro González Iñárritu's Academy Award nominated and Golden Globe-winning film Babel. This gives him the rare distinction of having appeared in three consecutive Oscar nominated films. He also starred alongside Mark Wahlberg in Shooter as novice FBI agent Nick Memphis.

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Michael Rupp
Michael "Mike" Francis Rupp (born January 13, 1980) is an American professional ice hockey player currently playing for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Rupp played high school hockey at St. Edward High School in Lakewood, Ohio. He was originally drafted in the first round, 9th overall by the New York Islanders in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft. Unsigned, and still playing in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) with the Erie Otters, he returned to the draft and was selected 76th overall in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft by the New Jersey Devils.
Mike played his first professional season in 2000–01 with the Albany River Rats of the American Hockey League (AHL), an affiliate of the Devils. Rupp made his NHL debut in the 2002–03 season with the Devils where he helped them win the Stanley Cup, scoring the Cup-clinching goal. Rupp is the only player in Stanley Cup history to have his first playoff goal be the Stanley Cup winning goal.
The following season in 2003–04, Rupp was traded by the Devils with a second round draft pick to the Phoenix Coyotes for Jan Hrdina on March 5, 2004. After the NHL lockout Rupp was traded by the Coyotes along with Jason Chimera and Cale Hulse to the Columbus Blue Jackets for Geoff Sanderson and Tim Jackman on October 8, 2005. Columbus declined to submit Rupp (a restricted free agent) a qualifying offer in June 2006.

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Mike Whitlow
Michael William "Mike" Whitlow (born 13 January 1968 in Northwich, Cheshire) is an English former professional footballer and Head Coach of Youth at Football League Two side Burton Albion.
As a player he was a defender from 1987 to 2007. He notably played for Leeds United, and in the Premier League for Leicester City and Bolton Wanderers, and in the Football League for Sheffield United and Notts County
As a player, Whitlow was primarily used as left-back. He began his professional career at Leeds United, whom he joined from non-league Witton Albion in November 1988. He spent four seasons at Leeds, and played slightly below 100 games for the team. In March 1992, Whitlow was sold to Leicester City for a £250,000 transfer fee.
At Leicester, Whitlow became a first-team regular, and was a member of the side that won the 1997 League Cup. In total, he played 180 games for the Foxes, and scored nine goals. He then moved on to Bolton Wanderers in September 1997 for a £500,000 fee. At Bolton, Whitlow is remembered for being sent off in the dramatic 2000 playoff semi-final against Ipswich Town that Ipswich went on to win 5-3 after extra time, following a Jim Magilton equaliser in the last minute of normal time. The following season, Whitlow missed most of the action because of injury, but he returned to the side just in time for the playoffs, where Bolton this time got promoted to the Premier League.

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Mirko Soltau
Mirko Soltau (born 13 January 1980) is a German footballer who plays for Heidenauer SV.

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Nadezhda von Meck
Nadezhda Filaretovna von Meck (Russian: Надежда Филаретовна фон Мекк; 10 February [O.S. 29 January] 1831 – 13 January [O.S. 1 January] 1894) was a Russian businesswoman, who is best known today for her artistic relationship with Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. She supported him financially for 13 years, enabling him to devote himself full-time to composition, but she stipulated that they were never to meet. She was the dedicatee of his Symphony No. 4 in F minor. She was also an influential patron of the arts in general, active in providing financial support to Nikolai Rubinstein and Claude Debussy.
She was born Nadezhda Filaretovna Frolovskaya, into a family with large landholdings. From an early age her father, Filaret Frolovsky, embraced a love of music. From her mother, Anastasia Dimitryevna Potemkina, came her own energy, determination and business acumen.
A serious music student in her youth, she became a very capable pianist with a good knowledge of the repertoire. She also became widely familiar with literature and history, a master at foreign languages and appreciated the visual arts. She also read works by philosophers Arthur Schopenhauer and Russian idealist Vladimir Solovyov.

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Nancy Bird Walton
Nancy Bird-Walton, AO, OBE, DStJ (16 October 1915 – 13 January 2009) was a pioneering Australian aviatrix, and was the founder and patron of the Australian Women Pilots' Association.
In the 1930s, defying the traditional role of females of her time, she became a fully qualified pilot at the age of 19, and became the youngest Australian woman to gain a pilot's licence.
Born in Kew, New South Wales, Australia on 16 October 1915 as Nancy Bird, she wanted to fly almost as soon as she could walk. As a teenager during the Depression in Australia, Nancy Bird found herself in the same position as many other children of the time, leaving school at 13 to assist her family. In 1933, at the age of 18, her passion drove her to take flying lessons. Sir Charles Kingsford Smith, who was the first man to fly across the mid-Pacific, had just opened a pilots' school near Sydney, and she was among his first pupils. Most women learnt to fly for recreation, but Nancy planned to fly for a living.
When she was awarded a commercial pilot's licence at the age of 18, through a legacy of 200 pounds from a great aunt plus money loaned from her father, (which she paid back), Nancy bought her first aircraft, a de Havilland Gipsy Moth. Soon after Nancy Bird and her friend Peggy McKillop took off on a barnstorming tour, dropping in on country fairs and giving joyrides to people who had never seen an aircraft before, let alone a female pilot. Whilst touring, Bird met Reverend Stanley Drummond. He wanted her to help set up a flying medical service in outback New South Wales. In 1935, she was hired to operate the service, named the Far West Children's Health Scheme. Bird's own Gipsy Moth was used as an air ambulance. She bought a better-equipped aircraft, and began covering territory not yet reached by the Royal Flying Doctor Service. She told others that it was rewarding but lonely work.

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Nate Silver
Nathaniel Read "Nate" Silver (born January 13, 1978) is an American statistician, psephologist, and writer. Silver first gained public recognition for developing PECOTA, a system for forecasting the performance and career development of Major League Baseball players, which he sold to and then managed for Baseball Prospectus from 2003 to 2009.
In 2007, writing under the pseudonym "Poblano," Silver began to publish analyses and predictions related to the 2008 United States presidential election. At first this work appeared on the political blog Daily Kos, but in March 2008 Silver established his own website, FiveThirtyEight.com. By summer of that year, after he revealed his identity to his readers, he began to appear as an electoral and political analyst in national print, online, and cable news media.
The accuracy of his November 2008 presidential election predictions—he correctly predicted the winner of 49 of the 50 states—won Silver further attention and commendation. The only state he missed was Indiana, which went for Barack Obama by 0.9%. He also correctly predicted the winner of all 35 Senate races that year.

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Nathaniel Motte
Nathaniel Warren Seth Motte (born January 13, 1984) is an American singer, songwriter, producer, performer, film composer, instrumentalist, and playwright from Parsons, Kansas. He is a member of the electronic pop duo 3OH!3 with Sean Foreman.
Nathaniel Motte was born on January 13, 1984 in Parsons, Kansas. He moved to Parsons in 1987. His mother is French American, and his father is a United States professor of French Literature. Nathaniel Motte is bilingual having been raised in a bilingual household. He also has dual French-United States citizenship. He attended Foothills Elementary, Casey Middle School, Boulder High School, and the University of Colorado at Boulder. He graduated with a major in Environmental, Population, and Organismal Biology in 2006. Motte was accepted to medical school at the University of Colorado in Denver in 2007.
Nathaniel Motte took piano lessons at a young age, and began to play guitar at home with his brother and father. He began to DJ at the age of 18, playing in local bars and clubs in Boulder. He began producing music shortly thereafter, using programs like Acid and Reason to make songs at home while he was attending the University of Colorado. He now uses primarily Apple’s Logic as his production program, although he continues to work in other programs.

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Nell Rankin
Nell Rankin (January 3, 1924 – January 13, 2005) was an American operatic mezzo-soprano. Although a successful opera singer internationally, she spent most of her career at the Metropolitan Opera where she worked from 1951-1976. Rankin was particularly admired for her portrayals of Amneris in Verdi's Aida and the title role in Bizet's Carmen. Opera News said, "Her full, generous tone and bold phrasing, especially in the Italian repertory, were unique among American mezzos of her generation.
Born in Montgomery, Alabama, Rankin was raised in a musical family. Along with her parents and siblings, Rankin grew up playing various musical instruments. She began performing at the age of four on the radio by singing for commercials. As a teenager she studied voice with Jeanne Lorraine at the Birmingham Conservatory. In order to pay for her lessons with Lorraine, Rankin rented the Huntingdon College pool and spent her summers teaching the children of Montgomery to swim. Helen Traubel visited the conservatory to perform a recital in 1943 while Rankin was a student. Determined to succeed in an opera career, Rankin went backstage and persuaded Traubel's accompanist, Coenraad V. Bos, to hear her sing. On Bos's advice, she moved to New York City to continue her studies with Karin Branzell. Her sister Ruth Rankin, a soprano with similar ambitions, moved with her.

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Nicole Eggert
Nicole Elizabeth Eggert (born January 13, 1972) is an American actress. Notable roles include Jamie Powell in the television series Charles in Charge and Summer Quinn in the TV Series Baywatch. In 1999 Nicole guest starred on Boy Meets World. She has made a couple of Christmas movies that premeired on Lifetime. Eggert was most recently a contestant on the VH1 reality show Celebrity Fit Club.
Eggert was born in Glendale, California, the daughter of a talent agent and an executive. Eggert's quest for stardom started when her mother entered her in beauty contests. At age five, Eggert was Miss Universe in the petite division. An agent saw her and offered her a role in a Johnson's Baby Shampoo commercial.
In 1980, Eggert, aged eight, landed a role in the movie Rich and Famous, opposite Jacqueline Bisset and Candice Bergen, playing Bergen's character's young daughter.
Eggert had a recurring role on Who's The Boss? from 1985-1986 as Marci Ferguson, who was a friend of Samantha Micelli (Alyssa Milano). In January 1987, she starred on the television show Charles in Charge as Jamie Powell. After the show was canceled in 1990, she was featured as one of the many lifeguards on seasons 3 and 4 on the syndicated show, Baywatch. She appeared on the show from 1992 to 1994. She appeared on Married with Children in episode Enemies as Shannon (1996).

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Nikolai Khabibulin
Nikolai Ivanovich Khabibulin (Russian: Николай Иванович Хабибулин, born January 13, 1973) is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Edmonton Oilers of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is known by his nickname The Bulin Wall He has previously played for the Winnipeg Jets, Phoenix Coyotes, Tampa Bay Lightning and Chicago Blackhawks.
Khabibulin has won two Olympic medals (gold and bronze) and was named Best Goaltender at the 2002 Winter Olympics. He was the first Russian goalie ever to win the Stanley Cup, doing so with the Tampa Bay Lightning in 2004. He is also a 4-time NHL All-Star.
He was selected in the ninth round of the 1992 NHL Entry Draft by the Winnipeg Jets. In the 1993–94 season Nikolai played with the touring Russian Penguins and by the start of the NHL season in January 1995 was playing in the NHL. In 1996, he moved with the Jets to Phoenix, Arizona, where they became the Coyotes. In his five seasons with the Jets/Coyotes franchise, he played in 60 games three times (including two instances playing 70 games), a heavy workload for a goaltender. Although the Coyotes made the playoffs each of these years, some claimed that this heavy workload led Khabibulin to be fatigued for the playoffs, contributing to the team's failure to make it to the second round of the playoffs.

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Norman Panama
Norman Panama (April 21, 1914 – January 13, 2003) was an American screenwriter and film director born in Chicago, Illinois. He collaborated with a former schoolfriend, Melvin Frank to form a writing partnership which endured for three decades. He also wrote gags for comedians such as Bob Hope's radio program and for Groucho Marx.
The most famous films he directed were Li'l Abner (1959), the Danny Kaye film The Court Jester (1956), and the Bob Hope film How to Commit Marriage (1969). He wrote Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House (1948), Road to Utopia (1946), and The Court Jester, among other movies.
He won an Edgar Award for A Talent for Murder (1981), a play he co-wrote with Jerome Chodorov.
Panama continued to write and direct through the 1980s.
He died in 2003 in Los Angeles, California from complications due to Parkinson's disease.

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Odo of France
Odo (or Eudes) (c. 860–1 January 898) was a King of Western Francia, reigning from 888 to 898. He was a son of Robert the Strong, count of Anjou, whose branch of the family is known as the Robertians.
Odo is also known as the Duke of France and Count of Paris.
Odo was the eldest son of Robert the Great, Duke of the Franks and Marquis of Neustria, belonging to the branch known as the Robertians. After his father's death in 866, Odo inherited his father's title of Marquis of Neustria. Odo lost this title in 895 when King Charles the Bald appointed Hugh the Abbot to the title, but regained it following the death of Hugh. In the interim, between 890 and 894, he held the post of Count of Paris. Odo was also the lay abbot of St. Martin of Tours.
Odo married Théodrate of Troyes and had two known sons, Arnulf (born probably about 885) and Guy (born probably about 888), neither of whom lived past the age of fifteen.
For his skill and bravery in resisting the attacks of the Vikings at the Siege of Paris, Odo was chosen by the western Franks to be their king following the removal of emperor Charles the Fat. He was crowned at Compiègne in February 888 by Walter, Archbishop of Sens.

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Orlando Bloom
Orlando Jonathan Blanchard Bloom (born 13 January 1977) is an English actor. He had his break-through roles in 2001 as the elf-prince Legolas in The Lord of the Rings and in 2003 as blacksmith Will Turner in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series. He subsequently established himself as a lead in Hollywood films, including Elizabethtown and Kingdom of Heaven. He appeared in the ensemble films New York, I Love You, Sympathy for Delicious, and Main Street. Bloom made his professional stage debut in West End's In Celebration at the Duke of York's Theatre, St. Martin's Lane, which ended its run on 15 September 2007. On 12 October 2009, Bloom was named a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador.
Orlando Bloom was born in Canterbury, Kent, England, and has one sister, Samantha Bloom, who was born in 1975.
His mother, Sonia Constance Josephine (née Copeland), was born in the British section of Kolkata, India, the daughter of Betty Constance Josephine Walker and Francis John Copeland, who was a physician and surgeon. Through her, Bloom is a cousin of photographer Sebastian Copeland. Bloom's maternal grandmother's family lived in Tasmania, Australia, Japan, and India, and were of English descent, some of them having originally come from Kent. During his childhood, Bloom was told that his father was his mother's husband, Jewish South African-born anti-Apartheid novelist Harry Saul Bloom; however, when he was thirteen (nine years after Harry's death), Bloom's mother revealed to him that his biological father was actually Colin Stone, his mother's partner and family friend. Stone, the principal of the Concorde International language school, was made Orlando Bloom's legal guardian after Harry Bloom's death. Bloom is named after the 16th century composer Orlando Gibbons.^{[citation needed]}

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Oskar Minkowski
Oskar Minkowski held a professor at at the University of Breslau and is most famous for his research on diabetes. He is the brother of the mathematician Hermann Minkowski and father of astrophysicist Rudolph Minkowski. Born into a family of Lithuanian Jews, he later converted to Christianity.
Minkowski worked with Josef von Mering on the study of diabetes at the University of Strasbourg. Their landmark study in 1889 in dogs induced diabetes by removing their pancreas. It was Minkowski who performed the operation and made the crucial link to recognize that the symptoms of the treated dogs were due to diabetes. Thus they were able to indicate that the pancreas contained regulators to control blood sugar; they also provided model for the study of diabetes. Their work led other doctors and scientists to pursue further research on the relation of the pancreas to diabetes, and ultimately resulted in the discovery of insulin as a treatment for the disease.
In recognition of the discovery by Minkowski the European Association for the Study of Diabetes annually awards the Minkowski Prize for outstanding original work of a younger investigator in diabetes research.

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Patrick Dempsey
Patrick Galen Dempsey (born January 13, 1966) is an American actor, known for his role as neurosurgeon Dr. Derek Shepherd ("McDreamy") on the medical drama Grey's Anatomy. Prior to Grey's Anatomy he made several television appearances and was nominated for an Emmy Award. He has also appeared in several films, including Sweet Home Alabama, Made of Honor, Valentine's Day, Flypaper, Freedom Writers, and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.
Dempsey was born in Lewiston, Maine, and grew up in Buckfield, Maine. His mother, Amanda M. (née Caisson), was a school secretary, and his father, William A. Dempsey, was an insurance salesman. He attended Buckfield High School and St. Dominic Regional High School. He was an adept juggler, tying for second in a national juggling competition. He was also an accomplished skier and while in high school won the Maine state slalom championship.
As a child, Dempsey attended Camp Wekeela located in Hartford, Maine.
Dempsey was diagnosed with dyslexia at age twelve. He told Barbara Walters on her 2008 Oscar special that he thinks dyslexia "made him what he is today." “It’s given me a perspective of — you have to keep working,” Dempsey told Walters. “I have never given up.”

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Patrick McGoohan
Patrick Joseph McGoohan (March 19, 1928 – January 13, 2009) was an American-born actor, brought up in Ireland and England, where he established an extensive stage and film career, with his most notable roles in the 1960s television series Danger Man (renamed Secret Agent when exported to the US), and The Prisoner, which he co-created. McGoohan wrote and directed several episodes of The Prisoner himself, occasionally using the pseudonyms Joseph Serf and Paddy Fitz. Later in his career he moved to America and subsequently appeared as the killer in four Columbo episodes, twice winning an Emmy. He was featured in David Cronenberg's Scanners (1981), and played King Edward I aka Longshanks in Mel Gibson's Braveheart (1995).
McGoohan was born in Astoria, Queens, New York City, to Thomas McGoohan and Rose Fitzpatrick, who were living in the United States after emigrating from Ireland to look for work. He was brought up Roman Catholic. Shortly after he was born, McGoohan's parents moved back to Mullaghmore, County Leitrim, Ireland, and, seven years later, they moved to Sheffield, England. McGoohan attended St Vincent's school in Sheffield, but following the outbreak of World War II he was evacuated to Loughborough, Leicestershire. There he attended Ratcliffe College, where he excelled in mathematics and boxing.

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Paul Feyerabend
Paul Karl Feyerabend (January 13, 1924 – February 11, 1994) was an Austrian-born philosopher of science best known for his work as a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked for three decades (1958–1989). He lived a peripatetic life, living at various times in England, the United States, New Zealand, Italy, Germany, and finally Switzerland. His major works include Against Method (published in 1975), Science in a Free Society (published in 1978) and Farewell to Reason (a collection of papers published in 1987). Feyerabend became famous for his purportedly anarchistic view of science and his rejection of the existence of universal methodological rules. He is an influential figure in the philosophy of science, and also in the sociology of scientific knowledge.

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Paul Gavarni
Paul Gavarni was the nom de plume of Sulpice Guillaume Chevalier (13 January 1804, Paris – November 23, 1866), a French caricaturist, born in Paris. He began life as an engineer's draughtsman, but soon turned his attention to his proper vocation as a cartoonist.
Most of his best work appeared in Le Charivari, but some of his bitterest and most earnest pictures, the fruit of a visit to London, appeared in L'Illustration. He also illustrated Balzac's novels, and Eugene Sue's Wandering Jew.
He is said to have taken his nom de plume from the place where he made his first published sketch. He was born in Paris of poor parents, and started in life as a workman in an engine-building factory. At the same time he attended the free school of drawing. In his first attempts to turn his abilities to some account he met with many disappointments, but was at last entrusted with the drawing of some illustrations for a journal of fashion. Gavarni was then thirty-four years of age. His sharp and witty pencil gave to these generally commonplace and unartistic figures a life-likeness and an expression which soon won for him a name in fashionable circles. Gradually he gave greater attention to this more congenial work, and finally ceased working as an engineer to become the director of the journal Les Gens du monde.

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Paul Higgins
Paul Higgins (born January 13, 1962 in Saint John, New Brunswick) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played 25 games in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs.
Higgins was drafted in the 10th Round, 200th overall by the Toronto Maple Leafs in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. Higgins appeared in 25 regular season games from 1981–82 to 1982–83. His only appearance in the post season was a single game in 1982–83 against the Minnesota North Stars in Game 4 of the Norris Division Semi-Finals at Maple Leaf Gardens. Higgins dressed in favour of the injured Jim Korn. His primary role in hockey was as a fighter and he was compared to the likes of Tiger Williams. In the 25 NHL regular season games that Higgins played, he was assessed 152 minutes in penalties.
NHL Regular Season

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Paul Ulrich Villard
Paul Ulrich Villard (28 September 1860 – 13 January 1934) was a French chemist and physicist, born in Saint-Germain-au-Mont-d'Or, Rhône, 28 September 1860. He discovered gamma rays in 1900 while studying the radiation emanating from radium.
Villard graduated from the École Normale Supérieure in 1881 and taught in several Lycées, ending with a Lycée in Montpellier. He would maintain a laboratory position at the Ecole Normale Supérieure until his retirement. At the time when he discovered what we now call gamma rays, Villard was working in the chemistry department of the École Normale Supérieure rue d'Ulm, Paris.
Villard is also credited with the discovery of argon hydrate. He spent the early part of his career (1888–1896) focusing on similar compounds at high pressure.
Villard investigated the radiation from radium salts that escaped from a narrow aperture in a shielded container onto a photographic plate, through a thin layer of lead that was known to stop alpha rays. He was able to show that the remaining radiation consisted of a second and third type of rays. One of those was deflected by a magnetic field (as were the familiar "canal rays") and could be identified with Rutherford's beta rays. The last type was a very penetrating kind of radiation which had not been identified before...

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Penelope Ann Miller
Penelope Ann Miller (born Penelope Andrea Miller; January 13, 1964), sometimes credited as Penelope Miller, is an American actress. She began her career on Broadway, and starred in several major Hollywood films, particularly in the early 1990s, and has continued appearing in supporting roles in both film and television.
Miller was born in Los Angeles, the middle daughter of Beatrice (née Ammidown), a costume designer, publicist, and journalist, and Mark Miller, a television actor and producer. Her mother was Aristotle Onassis's god-daughter and an editor of Harper's Bazaar. She has an older sister, Marisa Miller, who is also a film actress, and a younger sister, Savannah Miller, who is a social worker.
Miller graduated from high school in Los Angeles, then moved (aged 18) to New York City to study theatre.
Her Broadway theatre break came in 1985 when she was cast in the lead (opposite Matthew Broderick) in the Neil Simon play Biloxi Blues. (She would also star with Broderick in the 1988 film version of that play.)

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Phil Whyman
Phil Whyman (born January 13, 1971 in Nottingham) is an English musician, artist and television star who first came to prominence on Living TV's ghosthunting show Scream Team where he was one of the 'contestants' who travelled throughout the UK investigating strange phenomena while living on an AirStream bus (a large vintage American tour bus); the show has been compared to Big Brother with ghosts and, while viewing figures were promising, there was only ever one series. Scream Team was produced by Ben Devlin a London based producer with his MakingTime Productions. It was also shown on the now defunct British cable and satellite station ftn.
Shortly after the end of Scream Team, he was approached to join Living TV's flagship show Most Haunted (working alongside Yvette Fielding and Karl Beattie) in the role of paranormal investigator, and proved popular with fans in seasons 2 to 4 when he left the show to concentrate on other areas of the media.
He now runs his Dead Haunted Nights where he takes the public on overnight paranormal investigations of supposedly haunted properties throughout the United Kingdom. Dead Haunted Nights became a limited company in February 2008.

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Philipp Jakob Spener
Philipp Jakob Spener (January 13, 1635, Rappoltsweiler – February 5, 1705, Berlin) was a German Christian theologian known as the "Father of Pietism."
Spener was born in Ribeauvillé in Upper Alsace ( now part of France, at the time part of the Holy Roman Empire). After a brief time at the grammar school of Colmar, he went to Strasbourg in 1651, where he devoted himself to the study of philology, history and philosophy, and won his degree of master (1653) by a disputation against the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes. He then became private tutor to the princes Christian and Charles of the Palatinate, and lectured in the university on philology and history. From 1659 to 1662 he visited the universities of Basel, Tübingen and Geneva, and commenced the study of heraldry, which he pursued throughout his life. In Geneva especially his religious views and tendencies were turned in the direction of mysticism.
Spener returned to Strasbourg in 1663, where he was appointed preacher without pastoral duties, with the right of holding lectures. Three years afterwards he was invited to become the chief pastor in the Lutheran Church at Frankfurt. Here he published his two chief works, Pia desideria (1675) and Allgemeine Gottesgelehrtheit (1680), and began that form of pastoral work which resulted in the movement called Pietism. In 1686 he accepted the invitation to the first court chaplaincy at Dresden. But the Elector John George III, at whose personal desire the post had been offered to him, was soon offended when Spener condemned the morals of John George's court. Spener refused to resign his post, and the Saxon government hesitated to dismiss him. But in 1691 the Saxon representative at Berlin induced the court of Brandenburg to offer him the rectorship of St Nicholas in Berlin with the title of "Konsistorialrat."

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Philippa of Hainault
Philippa of Hainault, or, Philippe (d'Avesnes) de Hainaut (24 June 1314 – 15 August 1369) was the Queen consort of King Edward III of England. Edward, Duke of Guyenne, her future husband, promised in 1326 to marry her within the following two years. She was married to Edward, first by proxy, when Edward dispatched the Bishop of Coventry "to marry her in his name" in Valenciennes (second city in importance of the county of Hainaut) in October 1327. The marriage was celebrated formally in York Minster Cathedral on 24 January 1328, some months after Edward's accession to the throne of England. In August 1328, he also fixed his wife’s dowry.
Philippa acted as regent on several occasions when her husband was away from his kingdom and she often accompanied him on his expeditions to Scotland, France, and Flanders. Philippa won much popularity with the English people for her kindness and compassion, which were demonstrated in 1347 when she successfully persuaded King Edward to spare the lives of the Burghers of Calais. It was this popularity that helped maintain peace in England throughout Edward's long reign. The eldest of her fourteen children was Edward, the Black Prince, who became a renowned military leader. Philippa died at the age of fifty-five from an illness closely related to dropsy. The Queen's College, Oxford was founded in her honour.

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Pope Eugene IV
Pope Eugene IV (1383 – 25 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was pope from 3 March 1431 until his death.
He was born in Venice to a rich merchant family, a Correr on his mother's side. Condulmer entered the Order of Saint Augustine at the monastery of St. George in his native city. At the age of twenty-four he was appointed by his uncle Pope Gregory XII as Bishop of Siena and came into prominence. In Siena, the political class objected to a 24-year old bishop who was a foreigner. Therefore, the issue was not pressed, and he resigned the appointment, becoming instead his uncle's papal treasurer, protonotary and Cardinal Priest of San Clemente. Pope Martin V named him Cardinal Priest of the Basilica di Santa Maria in Trastevere.
He made himself useful to Pope Martin V and was quickly elected to succeed him in the papal conclave of 1431. He was crowned as Eugene IV at St. Peter's Basilica on 11 March 1431. By a written agreement made before his election he pledged to distribute to the cardinals one-half of all the revenues of the Church and promised to consult with them on all questions of importance, both spiritual and temporal. Upon assuming the papal chair, Eugene IV took violent measures against the numerous Colonna relatives of his predecessor Martin V, who had rewarded them with castles and lands. This at once involved him in a serious contest with the powerful house of Colonna that nominally supported the local rights of Rome against the interests of the Papacy. A truce was soon arranged.

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Pope John Paul II
Blessed Pope John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP. II, Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan Paweł II), born Karol Józef Wojtyła (Polish: [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛf vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920, Wadowice, Republic of Poland – 2 April 2005, Apostolic Palace, Vatican City), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 1978 until his death in 2005. He was the second-longest serving Pope in history and the first non-Italian since 1523.
John Paul II was acclaimed as one of the most influential leaders of the 20th century. He was instrumental in ending communism in his native Poland and eventually all of Europe. John Paul II significantly improved the Catholic Church's relations with Judaism, Islam, the Eastern Orthodox Church, and the Anglican Communion. Though criticised by progressives for upholding the Church's teachings against artificial contraception and the ordination of women, and by traditionalists for his support of the Church's Second Vatican Council and its reform, he was also widely praised for his firm, orthodox Catholic stances.

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Qaasim Middleton
Qaasim Asani Malik Seawright-Middleton is an American child actor, singer and musician best known for his role on The Naked Brothers Band. Qaasim is also known for his role on the HBO documentary movie The Music in Me.
Qaasim Middleton was born in Brooklyn, New York. He is the son of Keith Middleton "Wild Child" of the cast of Stomp (rap group hydra/actor) and actress/singer-songwriter Toni Seawright, the first African American Miss Mississippi (and 4th runner-up in Miss America). His younger brother is Zuhri Khalil Ayele Mandara Middleton, who has performed on Noggin's Jack's Big Music Show and The Naked Brothers Band.
Middleton is the guitar player for The Naked Brothers Band. He is the newest member to the band; he is the replacement for Cole Hawkins/Joshua Kaye in the Naked Brothers Band. In the show, it is revealed that he is greatly influenced by Jimi Hendrix.
He was also featured in HBO's The Music in Me where he performed as a percussionist. Originally a drummer, he recently began playing the guitar for The Naked Brothers Band. He's also a trained dancer in Hip Hop/Ballet/Modern/Jazz and his favorite dance is African Dance. He recently started tap dancing.

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Qi Hui
Qi Hui (齐晖, born 1985-01-13 in Fuzhou, Fujian) is a Chinese swimmer. She specialises in breaststroke but is also a world-class individual medlay swimmer. Technically perfect and undoubtedly very hard-working and talented, Qi has a career that has been marked by lots of ups and downs over the years.
Qi first got noticed at the 1997 Chinese National Games, where the 12-year-old placed 4th in the 200 breast (2:30.77). She made her international debut in the 1998 Goodwill Games in New York. She won silver behind Japan's Masami Tanaka in the 200 breast (2:28.44 to 2:28.71) at the 1998 Asian Games in Bangkok, where she was the youngest athlete in the Chinese delegation.
Qi continued climbing up the world rankings in 1999. At the World Short Course Championships in Hong Kong, she placed 3rd behind Tanaka and South Africa's Olympic champion Penny Heyns in the 200 breast (2:25.05). A few months later, she broke 1992 Olympic champion Kyoko Iwasaki's Asian record (50m) with a 2:26.51. This ranked her 4th globally in 1999.

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Rakesh Sharma
Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, AC, Hero of the Soviet Union, (born January 13, 1949) is a former Indian Air Force test pilot, and Cosmonaut aboard Soyuz T-11 as part of an Intercosmos Research Team. Sharma was the first Indian to travel in space.
Rakesh Sharma was born in 1949 in [[Patiala], Punjab, India in a Hindu gaur Brahmin family and was schooled at St. George's Grammar School (Hyderabad) & Kendriya Vidyalaya Tirumalagiri, Hyderabad. He joined the NDA as an Air Force cadet in July 1966. He was commissioned into the Indian Air Force as a Pilot Officer in 1970. In 1971 operations against Pakistan, he flew various missions in his MiG aircraft with distinction.
Sharma joined the Indian Air Force and progressed rapidly through the ranks. Sharma, then a Squadron Leader and pilot with the Indian Air Force embarked on a historic mission in 1984 as part of a joint space program between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Soviet Intercosmos space program, and spent eight days in space aboard the Salyut 7 space station. Launched along with two Soviet cosmonauts aboard Soyuz T-11 on the 3 April 1984, was 35-year-old Sharma. During the flight, Sharma conducted multi-spectral photography of northern India in anticipation of the construction of hydroelectric power stations in the Himalayas. In a famous conversation, he was asked by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi how India looked from space, to which he replied, ''Main binaa jhijhak ke keh sakta hoon.., Sare Jahan Se Achcha" (a reference to an iconic poem used in India's freedom struggle, usually referred to as 'Saare jahaan se achha Hindustan haamara, ' our land of Hindustan, is the Best in the world').

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Raoul Jobin
Raoul Jobin, CC (April 8, 1906 – January 13, 1974) was a French-Canadian operatic tenor, particularly associated with the French repertory.
Born Joseph Roméo Jobin in Québec City, Québec, where he first took private voice lessons before studying with Emile Larochelle at the Laval University. He then went to Paris to continue his studies with Mme d'Estainville-Rousset (singing) and Abby Chéreau (stage skills), his exceptional voice quickly captured attention and he made his debut at the Paris Opéra on July 3, 1930, as Tybalt in Roméo et Juliette.
From then on, his career made rapid progress. He quickly sang principal tenor roles at both the Opéra and the Opéra-Comique, as well as in many cities throughout France, Lyons, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Marseilles, etc. He sang mainly the French repertoire, with occasional incursions into the Italian repertoire. With the outbreak of the war, he returned to North America.
He made his debut at the Metropolitan Opera on February 19, 1940, as des Grieux in Manon. He remained with the company until 1950, where he sang many roles alongside such singers as Lily Pons, Bidu Sayao, Licia Albanese, Rise Stevens, under conductors such as Wilfrid Pelletier and Thomas Beecham, among many others. He made regular appearances in San Francisco, Chicago, Boston, New Orleans, etc., also appearing in Mexico City, Rio de Janeiro, and Buenos Aires.

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Rauf Denktaş
Rauf Raif Denktaş, or Denktash (27 January 1924 – 13 January 2012), also referred to as Babatürk after his death, was a Turkish Cypriot politician, barrister and jurist elected in 1973 as the Vice-President of the Republic of Cyprus. He later became recognised by Turkey as the founding President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC), claiming that position from 1983 to 2005.
Denktaş was born in Paphos to judge Raif Mehmet Bey and Emine Hanim, Turkish Cypriots. He graduated from The English School, Nicosia in Cyprus. Following his graduation he worked as a translator in Famagusta after that as a court clerk and then as a teacher for one year in the English School. He later went to Istanbul and London, training first as a teacher and then as a barrister at Lincoln's Inn. He graduated in 1947 and returned home to practice law.
In 1948 Denktaş served as a member of the Consultative Assembly in search of self-government for Cyprus and became a member of the Turkish Affairs Committee. He was a crown prosecutor 1949–1958.

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Renato Bruson
Renato Bruson (born 13 January 1934) is an Italian operatic baritone. Bruson is widely considered one of the most important Verdi baritones of the late 20th and early 21st century. He was born in Granze near Padua, Italy.
Bruson's passion for music matured in the parish choir when he was a child. He began his music studies at the conservatory of Padua where he was awarded a scholarship that allowed him to attend the courses in the face of economic problems. He did not receive much support from his family, who considered him a good-for-nothing. In his own words: "They thought that I only wanted to study music because I had no desire to work. At that time, the general feeling where I lived was that if someone worked, they had a future, whereas those who studied, especially if they studied music, were considered failures who would never find their path in life." However, he could continue his studies with the help of the administration of the conservatory and the support of friends.
Bruson made his operatic debut as the Conte di Luna in Il trovatore at the Teatro Lirico Sperimentale in Spoleto in 1960. The following year he was Riccardo in I puritani at the Teatro dell'Opera di Roma in Rome. His first Metropolitan Opera appearance was as Enrico in Lucia di Lammermoor in 1969. In 1970 he started his collaboration with conductor Riccardo Muti in Un ballo in maschera in Florence. He made his debut at La Scala in 1972 as Antonio in Donizetti's Linda di Chamonix, at the Edinburgh International Festival in 1972 as Ezio in Attila, at Covent Garden in 1975 in the role of Renato in Un ballo in maschera, substituting with great success for Piero Cappuccilli. He debuted at the Vienna State Opera in 1978 with Macbeth, with such a success that the prestigious Austrian theatre awarded him with the important title of Kammersänger. In the 1980s he turned to the 18th century with Mozart's Don Giovanni and to Italian verismo with Umberto Giordano's Andrea Chénier.

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Richard Addinsell
Richard Stewart Addinsell (13 January 1904 – 14 November 1977) was a British composer, best known for film music, primarily his Warsaw Concerto, composed for the 1941 film Dangerous Moonlight (also known under the later title Suicide Squadron).
Richard Addinsell was born in Woburn Square, London, to William Arthur Addinsell, who was a chartered accountant, and his wife, Annie Beatrice Richards. The younger of two brothers, Addinsell was educated at home before attending Hertford College, Oxford, to study Law but left after just 18 months. He then became interested in music.
In 1925, he enrolled at the Royal College of Music but lasted only two terms before leaving, again without obtaining any formal qualification. By this time Addinsell was already collaborating with Noel Gay, among others, in an André Charlot Revue. More work for Charlot in 1927 was followed in 1928 by a collaboration with Clemence Dane on Adam's Opera at The Old Vic. In 1929, he completed his informal education by touring Europe to visit major theatrical and musical centres such as Berlin and Vienna.

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Richard Moll
Charles Richard Moll (born January 13, 1943) is an American actor and voice artist,best known for playing Bull Shannon, the bailiff on the NBC sitcom Night Court from 1983 to 1992. Moll has also done extensive work as a voice actor, typically using his deep voice to portray villainous characters in cartoons and video games.
Moll was born Charles Richard Moll in Pasadena, California, the son of Violet Anita (née Grill), a nurse, and Harry Findley Moll, a lawyer. He attended the University of California, Berkeley and was a member of Kappa Alpha Order fraternity.
In the 1977 film Brigham, Moll (credited as Charles Moll) appeared as Joseph Smith Jr., founder of the Mormon Church and related religious movements. Moll would go on to often portray hulking or imposing characters due to his height of about 6'8".
In 1981, Moll co-starred with Jan-Michael Vincent and Kim Basinger in the movie Hard Country. In 1982, under layers of makeup, he played the sorcerer Xusia in The Sword and the Sorcerer. He played the abominable snowman in the 1981 film Caveman. Later that year, he shaved his head for the role of Hurok in the science fiction B movie Metalstorm: The Destruction of Jared-Syn, but the producers of Night Court liked the look so much in his audition that they asked him to keep it. Superficially hulking and intimidating, Bull is actually rather gentle and naive. Moll also used the Bull persona in commercials for Washington's Lottery.

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Rip Taylor
Charles Elmer "Rip" Taylor, Jr. (born January 13, 1934) is an American actor and comedian.
Taylor was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Elizabeth, a waitress, and Charles Elmer Taylor, Sr., a musician. As a young man, Taylor served in the Korean War while in the U.S. Army Signal Corps.
After serving a stint in the Army, Taylor appeared in two episodes of The Monkees television series in 1968. He continued to work as a voice performer in the 1970s NBC cartoon series Here Comes the Grump (as the title character) and in the second Addams Family cartoon series (as Uncle Fester).
Throughout the 1970s Rip Taylor was a frequent celebrity guest panelist on game shows such as Hollywood Squares, To Tell the Truth, and The Gong Show, and substituted for Charles Nelson Reilly on The Match Game. He became a regular on Sid & Marty Krofft's Sigmund and the Sea Monsters, playing Sheldon, a sea-genie who lived in a conch shell. In addition, Taylor was also a regular on The Brady Bunch Hour, playing a role of neighbor / performer Jack Merrill. He also hosted a short-lived send-up of beauty pageants called The $1.98 Beauty Show created by Gong Show producer/host Chuck Barris, in 1978. Taylor appeared as a celebrity on the slot-machine version of Match Game. On one episode of Super Password in 1988, gameplay went awry after another celebrity guest, Patty Duke, inadvertently gave away the password and host Bert Convy lost control of the show. Taylor reacted to the craziness first by throwing a stool, and then ripping off his toupee, something he claimed to have never done on the air before.

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Robert Stack
Robert Stack (January 13, 1919 – May 14, 2003) was a multilingual American actor and television host. In addition to acting in more than 40 feature films, he starred in the 1959–63 television series The Untouchables, and later hosted Unsolved Mysteries.
Robert Stack was born Charles Langford Modini Stack in Los Angeles, California, but his first name (selected by his mother) was changed to Robert by his father. He spent his early childhood growing up in Europe. He became fluent in French and Italian at an early age, but he did not learn English until returning to Los Angeles. Stack's parents divorced when he was a year old, and he was raised by his mother, Mary Elizabeth (née Wood). His father, James Langford Stack, a wealthy advertising agency owner, died when Stack was nine. He always spoke of his mother with the greatest respect and love. When he collaborated with Mark Evans on his autobiography, Straight Shooting, he included a picture of him and his mother. He captioned it, "Me and my best girl." His grandfather was an opera singer named Charles Wood, who went by the name "Modini".

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Robert Still
Robert Still (10 June, 1910–13 January, 1971) was an English composer, educator and amateur tennis player.
Robert Still was born in London on 10 June 1910. He was a direct descendent of the Elizabethan Bishop of Bath and Wells John Still, the author of the farce Gammer Gurton's Needle, and Peter Still, solicitor to George III.
He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Oxford, where he gained the degrees of BA, MA, and BMus. He studied under C. H. Kitson, Basil Allchin and Gordon Jacob. Later in life he studied with Hans Keller. At Eton and Oxford he developed an interest in racquet games, winning a Blue and in later life playing real tennis for the Marylebone Cricket Club.
After Oxford, he returned to Eton to teach music, leaving there in 1938 to become conductor and arranger of the Ballet Trois Arts, a travelling company. By this time he had written a few songs and a light opera, Love and Learning, for the Windsor Operatic Society. He had been their conductor whilst teaching at Eton.

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Roland Petit
Roland Petit (January 13, 1924 – July 10, 2011) was a French choreographer and dancer. He trained at the Paris Opéra Ballet school, and became well known for his creative ballets.
Petit was born in Villemomble, France an area near Paris, France. Petit trained at the Paris Opéra Ballet school under Gustave Ricaux and Serge Lifar and began to dance with the corps de ballet in 1940. He founded the Ballets des Champs-Élysées in 1945 and the Ballets de Paris in 1948, at Théâtre Marigny, with Zizi Jeanmaire as star dancer.
Petit collaborated with Serge Gainsbourg, Yves Saint-Laurent and César Baldaccini and participated in several French and American films. He returned to the Paris Opéra in 1965 to mount a production of Notre Dame de Paris (with music by Maurice Jarre). He continued to rule ballets for the largest theatres of France, Italy, Germany, Great Britain, Canada, and Cuba.
In 1968, his ballet Turangalîla provoked a small revolution within the Paris Opéra. Four years later, in 1972, he founded the Ballet National de Marseille with the piece “Pink Floyd Ballet”. He directed the Ballet for the next 26 years. For the décor of his ballets, he would work in close collaboration with the painter Jean Carzou (1907–2000), but also with other artists such as Max Ernst.^{[citation needed]}

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Ronan Rafferty
Ronan P. Rafferty (born 13 January 1964) is an Northern Irish professional golfer, who formerly played on the European Tour.
Rafferty was born in Newry, Northern Ireland. He won the Boys Amateur Championship aged fifteen and played in the Walker Cup aged seventeen. He tied for first place with Peter McEvoy in the 1980 English Open Amateur Stroke Play Championship for the Brabazon Trophy.
The most notable achievement of Rafferty's professional career came in 1989, when he finished top of the European Tour Order of Merit. He came close to breaking the then record for consecutive cuts made on the European Tour in the early 1990s, before struggling for form amid injuries later in the decade. He failed to finish inside the top 100 on the Order of Merit between 1998 and 2004. In total he has seven wins on the tour, all of which came between 1989 and 1993.
Rafferty now plays few tournaments, and is involved in broadcasting, where he works as a commentator and analyst, and golf course design. He regularly appeared on Setanta Golf's coverage of the PGA Tour.

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Ronny Turiaf
Ronny Turiaf (born January 13, 1983) is a French professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association. Turiaf has been a member of the French national basketball team.
Turiaf grew up in Martinique then attended high school in Paris and Gonzaga University in the United States. At Gonzaga, Turiaf played for the Bulldogs basketball team and was the leading West Coast Conference scorer in his senior year. After graduating from Gonzaga, Turiaf entered the 2005 NBA Draft and was picked by the Los Angeles Lakers, where he would play until 2008. He has since played for the Golden State Warriors, the New York Knicks, the Washington Wizards and now the Miami Heat.
Turiaf spent most of his childhood in Martinique, a French overseas department in the Caribbean Sea. Following the advice from his father, Turiaf moved to Paris in 1998, at the age of 15, to attend the National Institute of Physical Education (Insep), a school that combines rigorous secondary education with elite-level athletic training.

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Roy Cazaly
Roy Cazaly (13 January 1893 – 10 October 1963) was an Australian rules football player famous for his high marks and ruck work, which gave rise to the phrase "Up There Cazaly".
Cazaly was born in Albert Park, a suburb of Melbourne, on 13 January 1893. He was the tenth child of English-born James Cazaly and his wife Elizabeth Jemima (née McNee), a midwife and herbalist from Scotland.
He learnt his football at the local state school, quickly becoming its first-choice ruckman. He made his debut in the Victorian Football League for St Kilda in 1911. His first game came during a players' strike, when many of St Kilda's regular senior players refused to play as a result of a dispute with the club's committee over dressing rooms. He played 99 matches with St Kilda.
In 1920 he left St Kilda, signing with South Melbourne. He coached that club in 1922, and won South's most consistent player award in 1926.
Cazaly was famous for his ability to take spectacular marks despite his small stature, and at South Melbourne a teammate, Fred "Skeeter" Fleiter, would often yell "Up there, Cazaly", a phrase that would become synonymous with Australian rules football. He initially developed his marking ability by jumping at a ball strung up in a shed at his home, and held his breath as he jumped, an action that he believed lifted him higher. He also possessed the capacity to kick a football over 65 metres. In 2009 The Australian nominated Cazaly as one of the 25 greatest footballers never to win a Brownlow Medal.

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Salvador Novo
Salvador Novo López (30 July 1904 – 13 January 1974) was a Mexican writer, poet, playwright, translator, television presenter, entrepreneur, and the official chronicler of Mexico City, his birthplace and home. As a noted intellectual, he influenced popular perceptions of politics, media, the arts, and Mexican society in general. He was a member of Los Contemporáneos, a group of Mexican writers, as well as of the Mexican Academy of the Language.
Novo defied the machismo and conservative Catholicism prevalent in 20th century Mexican culture by making almost no efforts to conceal his sexuality. He was, however, accepted by the Mexican government. He held official posts related to culture, was elected to the Mexican Language Academy, and had a television program on Mexico City's history. Towards the end of his life, he dyed his hair a bright carrot color and wore many ostentatious rings and colored suits. He has been compared to Oscar Wilde, but unlike Wilde, Novo never suffered the setback of scandal or persecution and remained an accepted and respected member of society and governmental circles until his death. In fact, some sectors resented the fact that a gay writer would align himself so closely with the government and media after the repression of social movements in the 1960s and 1970s.

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Schuyler Colfax
Schuyler Colfax, Jr. ( /ˈskaɪlər ˈkoʊlfæks/; March 23, 1823 – January 13, 1885) was a United States Representative from Indiana (1855–1869), Speaker of the House of Representatives (1863–1869), and the 17th Vice President of the United States (1869–1873). To date, he is one of only two Americans (John Nance Garner in the 20th century being the other) to have served as both House speaker and vice president.
President Ulysses S. Grant and Colfax, 46 and 45 respectively at the time of their inauguration, were the youngest Presidential team until the inauguration of Bill Clinton and Al Gore in 1993.
Colfax was born in New York City to Schuyler Colfax, Sr. and Hannah Stryker. His grandfather, William Colfax, had served in George Washington's Life Guard during the American Revolution, became a general in the New Jersey militia and married Hester Schuyler, a cousin of general Philip Schuyler.
In 1836, Colfax moved with his mother and stepfather to New Carlisle, Indiana. As a young man, Colfax contributed articles on Indiana politics to the New York Tribune and formed a friendship with the editor, Horace Greeley. He established a reputation as rising young Whig and at 19 became the editor of the pro-Whig South Bend Free Press. In 1845, Colfax purchased the newspaper and changed its name to the St. Joseph Valley Register.

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Sebastian Kneißl
Sebastian Kneißl (born 13 January 1983 in Lindenfels) is a German footballer who currently plays for 1. FC Schweinfurt 05.
After beginning as a youth player in Germany with KSG Mitlechtern, FC 07 Bensheim and Eintracht Frankfurt, Kneißl signed for English side Chelsea in 2000. He stayed with Chelsea for five years, and although he did not make any league appearances, he spent loan spells in Scotland with Dundee, where he played in 11 league games, scoring one goal, and in Belgium with Westerlo. After leaving Chelsea in 2005 he played for German clubs SV Wacker Burghausen and Fortuna Düsseldorf, before returning to England with AFC Wimbledon in September 2007, where he made one league appearance before leaving in October 2007. He signed for Wivenhoe Town in December 2007, but left after just one league appearance. He next signed for SpVgg Weiden in July 2008, before moving to current club 1. FC Schweinfurt 05 in January 2009 on another free transfer.
Kneißl represented Germany at the 2002 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship, in which Germany finished second, and 2003 FIFA World Youth Championship.

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Sergei Brylin
Sergei Vladimirovich Brylin (Russian: Серге́й Влади́мирович Бры́лин; born January 13, 1974) is a Russian professional ice hockey center currently playing for Metallurg Novokuznetsk of the Kontinental Hockey League. He is a three-time Stanley Cup champion with the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League.
Brylin can successfully play all three forward positions, albeit usually in a defensive role, and has been called upon to play on any of the top 3 lines. His quiet work ethic and versatility made him a valuable part of the team. Brylin has won three Stanley Cup championships with the Devils in 1995, 2000, and 2003. Brylin is one of five Devils who have played for all three of their championship teams, the only others being Martin Brodeur, Scott Niedermayer, Scott Stevens, and Ken Daneyko.
On July 1, 2008, the Devils turned down the option to have Brylin return for another year and ten days later he signed with SKA St. Petersburg of the KHL.
After hopes of returning to the Devils for one more season faded, Brylin signed with Metallurg Novokuznetsk for the 2011-12 KHL season.

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Shad Gaspard
Shad Chad Javier Romane Chittick Gaspard (born January 13, 1981) is an American professional wrestler of Haitian and Curaçaon descent. He is currently signed with Inoki Genome Federation (IGF). Born in Brooklyn, New York, he is best known for his time with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE), where he once teamed with his partner JTG who is currently wrestling on the Raw brand where they worked as the tag team, Cryme Tyme. He is also an actor, bodybuilder, model, and former security guard.
Shad is the son of Benjamin Gaspard, a former street enforcer for street gangs and personal security guard in the early 1970s, who now owns Mcfay Contracting Inc. Shad is the third of six siblings.
At five years old Shad’s father began training him in boxing and at age eight, he began training in a mixture of different martial arts. As a student, Shad loved to fight and quickly developed into an aggressive fighter, winning many fights as an amateur. His mother gave him the nickname “Beast” as a result of his aggressiveness. At the age of sixteen, Shad began prize fighting for promoter “Hardbody Harrison”, a former World Championship Wrestling wrestler and FX Tough Man Champion, in bar fighting tournaments such as Boxing, Kickboxing, Mixed Martial Arts (MMA), and tough man competitions. Even though Shad was only sixteen years old, he competed against adults who were older than he was by five to twenty years. Gaspard holds won-loss records as a No Holds Barred fighter (35-7) and an amateur boxer (57-26).

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Shakti Samanta
Shakti Samanta (Bengali: শক্তি সামন্ত) (13 January 1926 – 9 April 2009) was an Indian film director and producer, who founded Shakti Films in 1957, which is most known for films such as Howrah Bridge, China Town, Kashmir Ki Kali, An Evening in Paris, Kati Patang and Amar Prem.
He received Filmfare Awards for Best Film for Aradhana, Anuraag and Amanush, which was also made in Bengali, a language in which he made six films, including an Indo-Bangladesh joint production in 1984.
Born in Burdwan West Bengal, he received his education at Dehradun, staying with his uncle. He graduated in 1944 from Calcutta University.
After completing his education he wanted to become an actor in the Hindi film industry at Bombay, so moved closer to the city. He took a school teacher's job in Dapoli, about 200 kilometres from Mumbai. He eventually joined the film industry in 1948 as an assistant director starting with Satish Nigam in Raj Kapoor starrer Sunhere Din, subsequently he worked with directors like Gyan Mukherjee, and Phani Majumdar at Bombay Talkies, in Tamasha, Baadbaan and Dhobi Doctor.

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Shelagh Fogarty
Shelagh Fogarty, born 13 January 1966 in Liverpool, Merseyside, England, is a radio and television presenter and journalist. She formerly hosted the BBC Radio 5 Live breakfast show with Nicky Campbell.
Fogarty is the youngest of seven children. Her Irish parents moved to England in the late 1950s. She went to the Mary Help of Christians High School, a girls' Catholic grammar school, (now called the St John Bosco Arts College) on Stonebridge Lane in Croxteth. She studied French, Spanish and Portuguese at Durham University, graduating in 1988, and spending a year out in Barcelona. Learning her trade, she worked as a BBC trainee at Radio Humberside, Radio Guernsey, Radio Bristol, Radio Sheffield and Radio Merseyside.
Fogarty joined Radio 4 in 1994, and went freelance in 1999.
She then moved on to Radio 5 Live where she co-presented Weekend Breakfast before moving to co-host the Breakfast programme with Nicky Campbell. In April 2011, Fogarty took over from Gabby Logan on the lunchtime show.. The show covers news, sport and interviews. Each day there is a special feature. On Mondays the feature is the sports team. Health is covered on Tuesdays. The programme is broadcast from Westminster on Wednesdays when Fogarty is joined by John Pienaar, a guest journalist and three members of parliament to cover Prime Minister's Questions. Thursday's consumer desk includes Martin Lewis. Five Life on Fridays looks at work and lifestyle.

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Shivkumar Sharma
Shivkumar Sharma (born January 13, 1938, Jammu, India) is an Indian Santoor player. The Santoor is a folk instrument from Kashmir and Jammu. Sharma is often referred to by the title Pandit.
Born in Jammu to the singer Uma Dutt Sharma. His mother tongue is Dogri. In a 1999 interview to rediff.com, Shivkumar said that his father started teaching him vocals and tabla when he was just five. He goes on to say that Uma Dutt Sharma did "extensive research" on Santoor, and decided that Shivkumar should be the first Musician to play Indian Classical Music on Santoor. So he started learning Santoor at the age of thirteen, and made Uma Dutt Sharma's dream come true. He gave his first public performance in Bombay in 1955.
Shivkumar Sharma is the master instrumentalist of the Santoor, after some years as a vocalist. He is credited with making the Santoor a popular Classical Instrument. In a 1999 interview to rediff.com, Shivkumar said that it was his father who decided that he should play the Santoor and that he never thought he would be choosing it when he started learning music. He composed the music of Shantaram's Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baje in 1956. He recorded his first solo album in 1960.

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Shonda Rhimes
Shonda Rhimes (born January 13, 1970) is an American screenwriter, director and producer. Rhimes is best known as the creator, head writer, and executive producer of acclaimed television series Grey's Anatomy and its spin-off Private Practice. In May 2007, Rhimes was named one of Time magazine's 100 people who help shape the world. Rhimes was an executive producer for the medical drama series Off the Map, and developed the ABC drama series, Scandal, which debuted midseason April 5, 2012. She is also developing an upcoming period drama television pilot Gilded Lillys.
Rhimes was born in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of a university administrator and a college professor. Rhimes resided in Park Forest South, Illinois (now University Park) with four siblings. Rhimes has stated that she exhibited an early affinity for storytelling and that her time spent as a candy striper while in high school sparked an interest in hospital environments. Rhimes attended Marian Catholic High School, before enrolling at Dartmouth College, where she earned her Bachelor's Degree. At Dartmouth, she divided her time between fiction and directing and performing in plays. After college, she relocated to San Francisco with an older sibling and obtained a job in advertising. Rhimes would later relocate to Los Angeles to attend USC to study screenwriting. Rhimes was ranked at the top of her class and earned the prestigious Gary Rosenberg Writing Fellowship Award. Rhimes earned a Master of Fine Arts from the University of Southern California's School of Cinema-Television.

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Solomon Bundy
Solomon Bundy (May 22, 1823 – January 13, 1889) was a United States Representative from New York.
Born in Oxford, Chenango County, Bundy attended Oxford Academy. He taught school for several years, and studied law; he was admitted to the bar in 1859 and commenced practice in Oxford. While studying law, he served as justice of the peace and clerk of the Board of Supervisors of Chenango County, and district attorney of Chenango County (1862–1865). He was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1877 - March 3, 1879). He was not a candidate for renomination in 1878.
After his political career ended, he resumed practicing law. He died in Oxford, where he was interned in Riverview Cemetery.

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Sophia of Prussia
Princess Sophie of Prussia (Sophie Dorothea Ulrike Alice; 14 June 1870 – 13 January 1932) was Queen of the Hellenes as the wife of King Constantine I.
On 14 June 1870, Sophia was born in the New Palace in Potsdam, Prussia, to then Crown Prince Frederick of Prussia (later German Emperor) and Victoria, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom, herself the eldest daughter of Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Consort. She was christened the following month, though all the men present were in uniform, as Prussia had declared war on France. Sophia's mother described the event to Queen Victoria: "The Christening went off well, but was sad and serious; anxious faces and tearful eyes, and a gloom and foreshadowing of all the misery in store spread a cloud over the ceremony, which should have been one of gladness and thanksgiving".
Sophie was known as "Sossy" during her childhood (the name was thought to have been picked because it rhymed with "Mossy", the nickname of her younger sister Princess Margaret). Sophia was also a sister of William II, German Emperor, Princesses Charlotte and Victoria of Prussia, as well as Princes Henry, Waldemar and Sigismund of Prussia.

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Sophie Tucker
Sophie Tucker (January 13, 1886 – February 9, 1966) was a Russian/Ukrainian-born American singer and actress. Known for her stentorian delivery of comical and risqué songs, she was one of the most popular entertainers in America during the first half of the 20th century. She was widely known by the nickname "The Last of the Red Hot Mamas."
Tucker was born Sonya Kalish (Russian Соня Калиш) to a Jewish family in Tulchyn, Ukraine. Her family emigrated to the United States when she was an infant, and settled in Hartford, Connecticut. The family changed its name to Abuza, and her parents opened a restaurant.
She started singing for tips in her family's restaurant. In 1903, at the age of 17, she was briefly married to Louis Tuck, from which she decided to change her name to Tucker. She bore a son with Tuck, named Bert. (She would marry twice more in her life, but neither marriage lasted more than five years.)
She continued performing in the U.S. and the United Kingdom until shortly before her death from lung cancer in 1966, at the age of 80. She was interred at Emanuel Cemetery in Wethersfield, Connecticut.

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Spanish people
The term Spanish people (or Spaniards) has two distinct meanings: Traditionally, it applies to people native to any part of Spain. More recently, it has also come to have a legal meaning, referring to people who hold Spanish citizenship.
Within Spain there are a number of nationalisms and regionalisms, reflecting the country's complex history. The official language of Spain is Spanish (also known as Castilian), a standard language based on the mediaeval dialect of the Castilians of north-central Spain. There are several commonly spoken regional languages. With the exception of Basque, the languages native to Spain are Romance languages.
There are substantial populations outside Spain with ancestors who emigrated from Spain; most notably in Latin America.
The earliest modern humans inhabiting Spain are believed to have been Neolithic peoples who may have arrived in the Iberian Peninsula as early as 35,000–40,000 years ago. In more recent times the Iberians are believed to have arrived or developed in the region between the 4th millennium BC and the 3rd millennium BC, initially settling along the Mediterranean coast. Celts settled in Spain during the Iron Age. Some of those tribes in North-central Spain, which had cultural contact with the Iberians, are called Celtiberians. In addition, a group known as the Tartessians and later Turdetanians inhabited southwestern Spain and who are believed to have developed a separate civilization of Phoenician influence. The seafaring Phoenicians, Greeks, and Carthaginians successively founded trading colonies along the Mediterranean coast over a period of several centuries. The Second Punic War between the Carthaginians and Romans was fought mainly in what is now Spain and Portugal.

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Stefania Belmondo
Stefania Belmondo (born 13 January 1969) is an Italian former cross-country skier, two time olympic champion and four time world champion in her career.
Belmondo was born in Vinadio, in the province of Cuneo (Piedmont), the daughter of a housewife and an electric company employee. In her career she skied with the G.S. Forestale.
She started to ski at the age of three in the Piedmontese mountains of her native city. She made her debut at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in 1987. The next season she joined the main national team of Italy, and then participated at the 1988 Winter Olympics, held in Calgary, Canada. In 1989, she won a World Cup event for her first time, in Salt Lake City, and ended that season second overall.
At the 1991 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, she won a bronze medal in the 15 km trial, and a silver in the 4 × 5 km. The 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville brought the first gold medal for Belmondo, in the 30 km specialty. At the 1993 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, she won golds in the 5 km + 10 km combined pursuit and the 30 km, and a silver in the 4 × 5 km before an injury to her right hallux required a surgery, and caused a 4 month absence from competition.

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Stefano Del Sante
Stefano Del Sante (born 13 January 1987) is an Italian footballer who plays for Mantova.
Del Sante started his career at hometown club Perugia where he played twice in Serie B 2004–05. After the bankrupt of Perugia, he chose not to follow the new team at Serie C1 and joined Fiorentina Primavera Team. In summer 2006, he was loaned to Serie C1 side Pizzighettone but after a handful appearances, he joined Serie C2 side Varese on loan in January 2007. In 2008-09 season, he scored 15 goals for the Lega Pro Seconda Divisione Champion as team top scorer.
In June 2009, Varese signed him in co-ownership deal for €120,000. But at Lega Pro Prima Divisione, he have to compete with Matteo Momentè and Pietro Tripoli to pair for Osariemen Ebagua in 2 strikers or 3 strikers formation. He won promotion to Serie B as runner-up and playoffs winner.
In July 2010 he was loaned back to Prima Divisione, for Pavia, but in January 2011 he was exchanged with Marco Veronese of Lecco.

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Stephen Foster
Stephen Collins Foster (July 4, 1826 – January 13, 1864), known as the "father of American music", was the pre-eminent songwriter in the United States of the 19th century. His songs — such as "Oh! Susanna", "Camptown Races", "Old Folks at Home" ("Swanee River"), "Hard Times Come Again No More", "My Old Kentucky Home", "Old Black Joe", "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair", and "Beautiful Dreamer" — remain popular over 150 years after their composition.
Foster attended private academies in Allegheny, Athens, and Towanda, Pennsylvania. He received an education in English grammar, diction, the classics, penmanship, Latin and Greek, and mathematics. In 1839, his elder brother William was serving his apprenticeship as an engineer at nearby Towanda and thought Stephen would benefit from being under his supervision. The site of the Camptown Races is 30 miles from Athens, and 15 miles from Towanda. Stephen attended Athens Academy from 1839 to 1841. He wrote his first composition, Tioga Waltz, while attending Athens Academy, and performed it during the 1839 commencement exercises; he was 14. It was not published during the composer's lifetime, but it is included in the collection of published works by Morrison Foster. In 1842, Athens Academy was destroyed in a fire.

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Stephen Hendry
Stephen Gordon Hendry, MBE (born 13 January 1969) is a retired Scottish professional snooker player. In 1990, he was the youngest-ever snooker World Champion, at the age of 21. He has won the World Championship a record seven times and was snooker's world number one for eight consecutive years between 1990 and 1998, and again in 2006/2007. Hendry has the distinction of holding the most world ranking titles (36) and leads the field of snooker players with 775 competitive century breaks. He also holds the record with Ronnie O'Sullivan for the most competitive maximum breaks, with 11.
Hendry started playing snooker in 1981, aged 12. Two years later he won the Scottish U-16 Championship. He also appeared on BBC's Junior version of Pot Black. The following year he won the Scottish Amateur Championship and also became the youngest ever entrant in the World Amateur Championship. In 1985, after retaining the Scottish Amateur Championship, he turned professional. At 16 years and three months old he was the youngest ever professional.

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Sven Wetzel
Sven Wetzel (born 13 January 1987) is a German international rugby union player, playing for the TSV Handschuhsheim in the Rugby-Bundesliga and the German national rugby union team.
He made his debut for Germany in an ENC match against Poland on 20 November 2010.
Sven Wetzel's personal statistics in club and international rugby:

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Sydney Brenner
Sydney Brenner, CH FRS (born 13 January 1927) is a South African biologist and a 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate, shared with H. Robert Horvitz and John Sulston.
Brenner made significant contributions to work on the genetic code, and other areas of molecular biology.
He established the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism for the investigation of developmental biology, and founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, U.S..
Brenner was born in the small town of Germiston, South Africa. His parents were Jewish immigrants. His father came to South Africa from Lithuania in 1910, and his mother, from Riga, Latvia, in 1922. Educated at Germiston High School and the University of the Witwatersrand, he went on to complete a D.Phil. from Exeter College, Oxford.
He was married to Dr. May Brenner (née Covitz, subsequently Balkind) from December 1952 until her death in January 2010; their children include Belinda, Carla, Stefan, and his stepson Jonathan Balkind from his wife's first marriage. He lives in Ely, Cambridgeshire.

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Takis Lemonis
Takis Lemonis (Greek: Τάκης Λεμονής; born 13 January 1960) is a former Greek football player, former manager of Cypriot champion Omonia.
Takis Lemonis played for local club Attikos before playing for Olympiakos from 1978 until 1987. He also played for Levadiakos (1988 - 1991) and Panionios (1992 - 1993). During his playing career Lemonis was capped twice by the Greek national football team.
Having stopped football as a player, Lemonis studied coaching in England and, in 1996, became head coach at Asteras Zografou. In 2000, he returned to Olympiakos as the assistant coach and, after the dismissal of Ioannis Matzourakis, as head coach. Lemonis had domestic success at Olympiakos by winning two championships in a row but internationally fell short of the fans' expectations and was dismissed in October 2002. He has since coached APOEL F.C. in Cyprus (2003), Kallithea FC (2005) and Levadiakos upon their return to the Alpha Ethniki for the 2006 season.
Olympiakos under the leading of Takis Lemonis won the championship with 12 points difference in 2001 and beat AEK in a match practically final of the championship with a 4-3 in an impressive match in April 2002. He also managed to win AEK 6-1 and Panathinaikos 1-4 in Leoforos, Panathinaicos' historical castle, which together with this season's 4-0 against Panathinaicos again are the biggest domestic victories a Greek team has ever achieved during the last 20 years. However, Olympiacos did miserably in the Champions League (lost 3-0 to Maccabi Haifa) and Lemonis was quickly fired.

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Tamil people
Tamil people (Tamil: தமிழர், tamiḻar ^?), are an ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, India and the north-eastern region of Sri Lanka. Historic and post 15th century emigrant communities are also found across the world, notably Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, South Africa, Australia, Canada, Réunion (France) and the UK. Since the early BCE, urbanization and mercantile activity along the western and eastern coast of what is today Kerala and Tamil Nadu led to the development of four large Tamil political states (Chera, Chola, Pandya and Pallavas) and a number of small petty states warring amongst themselves for dominance. Between the 3rd century BCE and the 3rd century CE Tamil people also produced native literature that came to be called Sangam literature. In centuries BCE religions such as Jainism, Buddhism and Vedic religion was spread amongst the populace.
Tamils were noted for their military, religious and mercantile activities beyond their native borders. Pandyas and Cholas were historically active in Sri Lanka. Pallava traders and religious leaders travelled to South East Asia and played an important role in the cultural Indianisation of the region. Locally developed scripts such as Grantha and Pallava script induced the development of many native scripts such as Khmer, Javanese and Thai.

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Tania Vicent
Tania Vicent (born January 13, 1976 in Laval, Quebec) is a Canadian short track speed skater, who competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics. On February 22, along with Alanna Kraus, Anouk Leblanc-Boucher and Kalyna Roberge, Vicent won a silver medal for Canada in the 3000m relay. She won the bronze medal in Nagano and at Salt Lake city.
She won her fourth consecutive Olympic 3,000 metre relay medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics, skating alongside Jessica Gregg, Kalyna Roberge and Marianne St-Gelais.

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Ted Demme
Edward K. "Ted" Demme (October 26, 1963 – January 13, 2002) was an American film director and producer.
Born in New York City, Demme grew up in Rockville Centre on Long Island, New York and attended South Side Senior High School. He graduated from SUNY-Cortland in 1985. His media career likely began with a radio show at WSUC-FM (SUNY-Cortland) in Cortland, NY. His show was a mix of comedy and talk radio with the usual sidekick, as well as some music and was widely listened to on and off campus. He was the nephew of movie producer and director Jonathan Demme. His career had modest beginnings — starting as a production assistant at MTV, he later became a producer in the On-Air Promotions Department and created the cable network's seminal hip-hop show Yo! MTV Raps and directed other projects for them, including the infamous black-and-white rants starring then-unknown chain-smoking comedian Denis Leary.
Over the course of his career, he established a group of actors that he chose to work with on more than one occasion. The most frequently used of these was Denis Leary, who he directed as a lead or star in No Cure for Cancer, The Ref, Denis Leary: Lock 'n Load, and Monument Ave.. Leary also worked as a producer on the 2001 crime drama film Blow which starred Johnny Depp as George Jung. Other actors he frequently used included:

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Teddy Pendergrass
Theodore DeReese "Teddy" Pendergrass (March 26, 1950 – January 13, 2010) was an American R&B/soul singer and songwriter. Pendergrass first rose to fame as lead singer of Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes in the 1970s before a successful solo career at the end of the decade. In 1982, he was severely injured in an auto accident in Philadelphia, resulting in his being paralyzed from the waist down. After his injury, he founded the Teddy Pendergrass Alliance, a foundation that helps those with spinal cord injuries. Pendergrass commemorated 25 years of living after his spinal cord injury with star filled event, 'Teddy 25 - A Celebration of Life' at Philadelphia's Kimmel Center. His last performance was on a PBS special at Atlantic City's Borgata Casino in November 2008.
Pendergrass was born Theodore DeReese Pendergrass at Thomas Jefferson Hospital in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was the only child of Jesse Pendergrass and Ida Geraldine Epps. When Pendergrass was still very young, his father left the family; Jesse Pendergrass was murdered when Teddy was 12. Pendergrass grew up in Philadelphia and sang often at church. He dreamed of being a pastor and got his wish when, at 10, he was ordained a minister (according to author Robert Ewell Greene). He also took up drums during this time and was a junior deacon of his church. Pendergrass attended Thomas Edison High School for Boys in North Philadelphia (now closed). He sang with the Edison Mastersingers. He dropped out in the eleventh grade to enter the music business, recording his first song "Angel With Muddy Feet." The recording, however, was not a commercial success.

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Theophilos Kairis
Theophilos Kairis (or Kaires; 19 October 1784 – 13 January 1853, Greek: Θεόφιλος Καΐρης; baptismal name Θωμᾶς, Thomas) was a Greek priest and revolutionary. He was born in Andros, Cyclades, Ottoman Greece, as a son of a distinguished family.
Kairis studied in the theological school of Smyrna and was ordained a Greek Orthodox priest. He spoke many languages ranging from Ancient Greek, Latin, Italian, French, German, and English, that would allow him to participate in organizing the Greek War of Independence and to one day build the "Orphanotropheio" (Ὀρφανοτροφεῖο; Greek for "Orphanage"), a progressive school that embraced the modern university system. Kairis studied with Benjamin of Lesbos at the school of Kydonies, Asia Minor, and was introduced to contemporary science and Greek interpretations of natural science.
Kairis studied in Pisa and Paris, and shared to the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment. He studied mathematics, natural sciences and philosophy. Kairis also had an interest in archaeology, making some major findings upon his native island of Andros. He also had an interest in botany and cataloged many of the plants of his local area, as well as documenting pharmacologic properties of various plants.

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Thomas Dyer
Thomas Dyer (January 13, 1805 – June 6, 1862; buried in Connecticut) served as mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1856–1857) for the Democratic Party. He also served as the founding president of the Chicago Board of Trade.

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Thomas Lord
Thomas Lord (23 November 1755 – 13 January 1832) was an English professional cricketer who played first-class cricket from 1787 to 1802. He made a brief comeback, playing in one further match in 1815. Overall, Lord made 90 known appearances in first-class cricket. He was mostly associated with Middlesex and with Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) as a ground staff bowler.
Lord is best remembered as the founder of Lord's Cricket Ground.
Lord was born in Thirsk, Yorkshire, in what is now the town museum. His father was a Roman Catholic yeoman, who had his lands sequestered for supporting the Jacobite rising in 1745 and afterwards he had to work as a labourer. The Lord family later moved to Diss, Norfolk, where Thomas Lord was brought up. Once he was out of childhood, Lord moved to London and got a job as a bowler and general attendant at the White Conduit Club in Islington.
Lord is known to have begun playing about 1780 but his first recorded game was on his "own ground", now referred to as Lord's Old Ground, at the current site of Dorset Square on 31 May 1787 when he played for Middlesex v Essex. Lord has never been given much credit as a player but the match records of the 1790s indicate that he was a very good bowler, although it is true that his opposition was not always of the highest standard.

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Tim Matavž
Tim Matavž (born 13 January 1989) is a Slovenian football player who plays as a striker for the Dutch club PSV Eindhoven.
Matavž began his football career at the age of 6 playing for NK Bilje. In 2004 he moved to ND Gorica youth squads. He was promoted to their senior squad in 2006/07 season and played a total of 30 matches in the Slovenian first division, 1.SNL, scoring 11 goals in the process.
On 30 August 2007, at the age of 18, he signed a 5 year contract for FC Groningen. On 26 September 2007 he scored four goals in KNVB Cup in a match against IJsselmeervogels, but later moved to FC Emmen on loan and remained there until January 2009.
On 13 March 2009 Matavž scored his first goal in the Eredivisie in a 2–0 victory over Roda JC. Soon he began scoring for Groningen on regular basis in all competitions. On 24 February 2010 Matavž extended his contract with club until 2013. On 6 February 2011 in a match against Willem II Matavž scored his first hat-trick in Eredivisie.
Eredivisie giants PSV Eindhoven were in the talks with FC Groningen to buy him before the transfer window closed. On 31 August 2011, Matavž eventually signed a five-year, contract with PSV.

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Ton du Chatinier
Ton du Chatinier (born 13 January 1958 in Utrecht) is a retired football player from the Netherlands, who is an assistant manager with FC Anzhi Makhachkala. He used to play as a defender. At FC Utrecht Du Chatinier took over as a head coach from Willem van Hanegem at the end of 2008, and parted company at the end of the 2010–11 season.

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Tord Grip
Tord Grip (born 13 January 1938) is a Swedish football manager. Prior to England's exit in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, he was one of Sven-Göran Eriksson's assistant coaches of the English national football team.
Grip began his football career as a teenager playing for Ytterhogdals IK, in which he as most footballers of his generation also played bandy, later playing part-time in the top flight for Degerfors IF and AIK while studying for his degree in Physical Education. He became a player/manager at KB Karlskoga in 1969 and has since managed several other Swedish, Italian and Swiss clubs. He has also managed the Norwegian men's national team, the Swedish women's senior team and men's under-16 team and has had two spells as assistant manager of the Swedish men's national team.
After his second period as assistant manager of the national team, in 1998 Grip took up a coaching position at Italian club S.S. Lazio as the assistant of fellow Swedish manager Sven-Göran Eriksson. When Eriksson was appointed England National Team Coach in 2000 he brought Grip with him from Lazio as assistant manager, and he remained in the post until the end of the 2004 European Championships and with England until 2006

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Trace Adkins
Tracy Darrell "Trace" Adkins (born January 13, 1962) is an American country music artist and actor. He made his debut in 1996 with the album Dreamin' Out Loud, released on Capitol Records Nashville. Since then, Adkins has released seven more studio albums and two Greatest Hits compilations. In addition, he has charted more than 20 singles on the Billboard country music charts, including the Number One hits "(This Ain't) No Thinkin' Thing", "Ladies Love Country Boys", and "You're Gonna Miss This", which peaked in 1997, 2007, and 2008, respectively. "I Left Something Turned on at Home" went to #1 on Canada's country chart. All but one of his studio albums have received gold or platinum certification in the United States; his highest-selling to date is 2005's Songs About Me, which has been certified 2× Multi-Platinum for shipping two million copies.
He has also made several appearances on television, including as a panelist on the game shows Hollywood Squares and Pyramid, as a finalist on The Celebrity Apprentice, as the voice for recurring character Elvin on King of the Hill, and in television commercial voice-overs for the KFC fast food restaurant chain. In addition, Adkins has written an autobiography entitled A Personal Stand: Observations and Opinions from a Free-Thinking Roughneck, which was released in late 2007. He has appeared in numerous films, including The Lincoln Lawyer.

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Traci Bingham
Traci Bingham (born January 13, 1968) is an American actress, model and television personality who is best known for playing Jordan Tate on the television series Baywatch between 1996 and 1998.
Bingham was born in west Cambridge, Massachusetts to a librarian mother and an aircraft technician father. Her mother is black and her father is of Cherokee Native American and Italian descent.
In 1991, she appeared in the video for Good Vibrations by Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch. Eight years later, she appeared in the video for I Really Like It by Harlem World featuring Mase and Kelly Price.
Bingham began her career in minor acting roles. Aside from Baywatch, Bingham's appearances include the television series D.R.E.A.M. Team and Beverly Hills, 90210, and the film Demon Knight. She also played minor roles in the popular American sitcoms The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and Married with Children.
Bingham has appeared on a number of reality television programmes. In 2004 she was in the second series of The Surreal Life. Her cast mates included Ron Jeremy, Vanilla Ice, Erik Estrada, Tammy Faye Bakker and Trishelle Cannatella. Two years later, she flew to England to appear in Celebrity Big Brother where she made it to the final six contestants and was evicted on the final night of the show. She befriended Maggot, the rapper from Goldie Looking Chain, but was ridiculed by the singer Pete Burns. She selected Families of SMA as the charity to receive a donation from her participation in the show because her niece had died from Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In 2007, Bingham appeared on VH1's The Surreal Life: Fame Games and won the $100,000 Goldenpalace.net Grand Prize. In 2008, Bingham appeared on Fox Reality's Gimme My Reality Show! competing with six other celebrities to get their own reality show.

wn.com/Traci_Bingham
Trevor Rabin
Trevor Charles Rabin (born 13 January 1954) is a South African born musician, best known as a guitarist, vocalist and songwriter for the British progressive rock band Yes from 1982–1994, then as a film composer.
Rabin was born into a family of classical musicians in Johannesburg, South Africa, where his father Godfrey was lead violinist for the Johannesburg Philharmonic Orchestra and also a lawyer. Educated at Parktown Boys' High School in Johannesburg, he took formal piano training before discovering the guitar at age 12. He joined one of his first bands, The Other, when he was 13. His parents encouraged his talents toward rock music, although Rabin would maintain his interest in classical music throughout his career. Rabin also briefly studied orchestration at the University of Johannesburg and trained to be a conductor; he later arranged and conducted for many artists in South Africa.
Rabin's early influences included Arnold Schoenberg, Tchaikovsky, Cliff Richard and the Shadows, The Beatles and Jimi Hendrix. He also dabbled with progressive and heavy rock with his first band, The Conglomeration, as well as joining the prominent anti-apartheid rock band Freedom's Children for a year in 1972. During this same period, Rabin became a highly sought after session guitarist and bassist, playing with many jazz bands in South Africa. When Rabin fulfilled his obligation to the South African Army at age 19, he served with the entertainment division.

wn.com/Trevor_Rabin
Triinu Kivilaan
Triinu Kivilaan (born January 13, 1989 in Viljandi, Estonia) is an Estonian vocalist and former model, best known as a former member of the popular girl group Vanilla Ninja. She had been modelling for several years when she replaced Maarja Kivi in the group in 2004, having met the other members of the group a year earlier. A key factor, allegedly, in her being selected to join the group was the similarities between her and Kivi's appearance. Kivilaan was (by several years) the youngest member of the group, and continued with her education despite Vanilla Ninja's busy schedule.
When Kivilaan joined the group, Vanilla Ninja had already been chosen to represent Switzerland at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005. Kivilaan's arrival jeopardised Vanilla Ninja's participation in the Contest, as she was only 15 years old, and after the appearance of young participants such as 1986 winner Sandra Kim, the Eurovision had set an age requirement that all participants must be at least 16. Kivilaan initially claimed to be 17 years old, but the Swiss selectors doubted this and discovered her true age. For a while it looked like the group would have to withdraw, but the fact that Kivilaan would reach her 16th birthday four months before the Contest meant that the European Broadcasting Union allowed the girls to compete.

wn.com/Triinu_Kivilaan
Vasily Kalinnikov
Vasily Sergeyevich Kalinnikov (Russian: Василий Сергеевич Калинников; January 13 [O.S. January 1] 1866 – January 11, 1901 [O.S. December 29, 1900]) was a Russian composer of two symphonies, several additional orchestral works and numerous songs, all of them imbued with characteristics of folksong. His symphonies, particularly the First, were frequently performed in the early 20th century.
His younger brother Viktor Kalinnikov (1870–1927) was also a composer, mainly of choral music.
Kalinnikov was a policeman's son. He studied at the seminary at Oryol, becoming director of the choir there at fourteen. Later he went to the Moscow Conservatory but could not afford the tuition fees. On a scholarship he went to the Moscow Philharmonic Society School, where he received bassoon and composition lessons from Alexander Ilyinsky. He played bassoon, timpani and violin in theater orchestras and supplemented his income working as a music copyist.
In 1892, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky recommended Kalinnikov to be the director of the Maly Theater, and later that same year to the Moscow Italian Theater. However, due to his worsening tuberculosis, Kalinnikov had to resign from his theater appointments and move to the warmer southern clime of the Crimea. He lived at Yalta for the rest of his life, and it was there that he wrote the main part of his music, including his two symphonies and the incidental music for Alexey Tolstoy's Tsar Boris. Exhausted, he died of tuberculosis on January 11, 1901, just before his 35th birthday.

wn.com/Vasily_Kalinnikov
Veronica of Milan
Blessed Veronica of Milan (c. 1445 – 13 January 1497) was an Italian nun in the Augustinian Order. She was reputed to have received frequent visions of the Virgin Mary, and her local cultus was confirmed by Pope Leo X in 1517.
Veronica grew up in the small town of Binasco, Italy, not far from Milan. She and her family were poor and she worked with her mother and father, doing chores and in the fields. Her parents set their daughter on the path to Christian virtues, as it was said that her father was a scrupulously honest man, never selling a horse without first disclosing its faults or imperfections to the buyer. As she developed a desire for saintliness and perfection, she became tired of the joking and songs of her companions, even hiding her head and weeping as she worked.
Having no formal education, she attempted, unsuccessfully, to teach herself to read. While making this effort one night, the Virgin Mary is supposed to have appeared to Veronica, telling her that while some of her pursuits were necessary, her reading was not. Instead, the Virgin taught her in the form of three mystical letters:

wn.com/Veronica_of_Milan
Victor de Laprade
Pierre Martin Victor Richard de Laprade (January 13, 1812 - December 13, 1883), known as Victor de Laprade, was a French poet and critic.
He was born at Montbrison, Loire, of a modest provincial family. After completing his studies at Lyon, he produced, in 1839, a small volume of religious verse, Les Parfums de Madeleine. This was followed in 1840 by La colère de Jesus, in 1841 by the religious fantasy of Psyche, and in 1844 by Odes et poèmes. In 1845 Laprade visited Italy on a mission of literary research, and in 1847 he was appointed professor of French literature at Lyon. The Académie française, by a single vote, preferred Émile Augier at the election in 1857, but in the following year Laprade was chosen to fill the place vacated by Alfred de Musset.
In 1861 Laprade was removed from his post at Lyon owing to the publication of a poem satirising the Second Empire (Les Musées d'Etat), and in 1871 was elected to the National Assembly as a conservative. A statue was erected in his memory at Montbrison.

wn.com/Victor_de_Laprade
Vitaly Scherbo
Vitaly Venediktovich Scherbo (or Shcherbo) (Russian: Виталий Венедиктович Щербо, Belarusian: Віталь Венядзіктавіч Шчэрба), born 13 January 1972 in Minsk, Byelorussian SSR, is a Belarusian and former Soviet artistic gymnast. Arguably one of the most successful male gymnast of all time, he is the only male gymnast ever to have won a world title on all 8 events (Individual All-Around in 1993, Team in 1991, Floor in 1994, 1995 and 1996, Horizontal Bar in 1994, Parallel Bars in 1993 and 1995, Pommel Horse in 1992, Rings in 1992, Vault in 1993 and 1994). At the 1992 Olympics, he won 6 of 8 events (team, all-around, and 4 of 6 event finals - more golds at a single Olympics than any other gymnast in Olympic history), becoming the most successful athlete at the 1992 Summer Olympics.
Scherbo was introduced to gymnastics at the age of seven by his mother in an attempt to channel the energy of her highly intelligent but uncontrollable young son. The coaches at his local club fared no better but, recognizing his talent, arranged for him to be sent to a state boarding school for young athletes. There he continued to delight and infuriate his tutors in equal measure, making huge progress as a gymnast but refusing to submit to any discipline.

wn.com/Vitaly_Scherbo
Wayne Coyne
Wayne Michael Coyne (born January 13, 1961) is the lead singer, guitarist, and songwriter for the band The Flaming Lips.
Coyne was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on January 13, 1961, the son of Thomas Coyne and Dolores "Dolly" Jackson. The fifth of six children, Coyne moved with his family from Pittsburgh's Troy Hill neighborhood to Oklahoma in early-1961. Coyne grew up in Norman, OK. Coyne preferred listening to music and playing pickup football. He and his brothers dubbed themselves “The Fearless Freaks” for their brutal backyard football games. Tommy Coyne, Coyne's older brother, described the games as a "semi-civilized gang fight."
Coyne earned money in high school as a fry cook for a Long John Silver's restaurant in Oklahoma City. During his second year of employment there was a rash of robberies in Oklahoma City. The restaurant was robbed and Coyne and other employees were held at gunpoint and forced to lie on the ground. Coyne was certain he was going to die. The assistant manager couldn't open the restaurant's safe, however, and the robbers eventually fled. Coyne believes "this is really how you die...one minute you're just cooking up someone's order of french fries and the next minute you're laying on the floor and they blow your brains out. There's no music, there's no significance, it's just random."

wn.com/Wayne_Coyne
White Lion
White Lion is an American/Danish hard rock/heavy metal band that was formed in New York City in 1983 by Danish vocalist Mike Tramp and American guitarist Vito Bratta. Mainly active in the 1980s and early 1990s, releasing their debut album Fight to Survive in 1985. The band achieved success with their #8 hit "Wait" and #3 hit "When the Children Cry" from their second album, the double platinum selling Pride. The band continued their success with their third album, Big Game which achieved Gold status and their fourth album Mane Attraction which included a supporting tour. White Lion disbanded in 1992 and not long after their first compilation album, The Best of White Lion was released.
Tramp reformed White Lion with all new musicians in 1999 and again following a failed attempt to reform the original line up and several legal issues in 2004. The new White Lion released a live album in 2005 and a brand new studio album Return of the Pride in 2008.
After moving from Denmark to Spain and to New York in 1983, vocalist Mike Tramp (formerly of the bands Mabel and Studs) met Staten Island guitarist Vito Bratta (formerly of Dreamer) and decided to form a band. The two recruited drummer Nicki Capozzi and bassist Felix Robinson (formerly of Angel) and named the group White Lion.

wn.com/White_Lion
Wilhelm Mauser
Wilhelm Mauser, (May 2, 1834 - January 13, 1882) was a German weapon designer and manufacturer/industrialist.
Mauser was born in Oberndorf am Neckar, Germany. His father and his four brothers were gunsmiths.
Together with his brother Paul Mauser (1838 - 1914) Wilhelm Mauser designed the Mauser Model 1871 rifle, the first of a successful line of Mauser rifles and pistols. The rifle was adopted as the Gewehr 71 or Infanterie-Gewehr 71 and was the first metal cartridge weapon of the German Empire. While Paul was the more technical of the two, Wilhelm handled this business side of the factory.
The Mauser company later developed the Gewehr 98 and Karabiner 98k rifle series. The Gewehr 98 itself was the latest in a line of Mauser rifles that were introduced in 1898.

wn.com/Wilhelm_Mauser
Wilhelm Wien
Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto Fritz Franz Wien (German pronunciation: [ˈviːn]; 13 January 1864 – 30 August 1928) was a German physicist who, in 1893, used theories about heat and electromagnetism to deduce Wien's displacement law, which calculates the emission of a blackbody at any temperature from the emission at any one reference temperature.
He also formulated an expression for the black-body radiation which is correct in the photon-gas limit. His arguments were based on the notion of adiabatic invariance, and were instrumental for the formulation of quantum mechanics. Wien received the 1911 Nobel Prize for his work on heat radiation.
Wien was born at Gaffken near Fischhausen (Rybaki), Province of Prussia (now Primorsk, Russia) as the son of landowner Carl Wien. In 1866, his family moved to Drachstein near Rastenburg (Rastembork).
In 1879, Wien went to school in Rastenburg and from 1880-1882 he attended the city school of Heidelberg. In 1882 he attended the University of Göttingen and the University of Berlin. From 1883-85, he worked in the laboratory of Hermann von Helmholtz and, in 1886, he received his Ph.D. with a thesis on the diffraction of light upon metals and on the influence of various materials upon the color of refracted light. From 1896 to 1899, Wien lectured at the prestigious RWTH Aachen University. In 1900 he went to the University of Würzburg and became successor of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.

wn.com/Wilhelm_Wien
Willem Slijkhuis
Willem Slijkhuis (Willem Frederik "Wim" Slijkhuis; 13 January 1923 – 28 June 2003) was a Dutch athlete, who during his career from 1939 until 1954 for a long time was one of the world’s best middle distance runners. He excelled in all distances from 1500 to 5000 metres.
Born in Leiden on 13 January 1923, Slijkhuis began his international sports career shortly after World War II, having competed nationally since 1939. In 1946, he won a silver medal in the 5000 m at the European Championships in Oslo.
Two years later he took part in the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, and was a favourite to win a medal. In the 5000 m he finished third, behind Belgian Gaston Reiff and the legendary Emil Zátopek; nevertheless Slijkhuis was not satisfied. In the 1500 m, his second event, he could have done better, but started his final sprint to the finish line too late to catch the two leading Swedes, who finished narrowly ahead of him. In spite of this, realising 3:50.4 he equalled his own Dutch record, set two years earlier. Slijkhuis' achievements were overshadowed, however, by the performances of compatriot Fanny Blankers-Koen, who won four gold medals at the same Olympics.

wn.com/Willem_Slijkhuis
William Brydon
William Brydon CB (10 October 1811 – 20 March 1873) was an assistant surgeon in the British East India Company Army during the First Anglo-Afghan War, famous for being the only member of an army of 4,500 men to reach safety in Jalalabad at the end of the long retreat from Kabul.
He was born in London of Scottish descent. He studied medicine at University College London and at the University of Edinburgh.
The British Army began its retreat from Kabul in January 1842, following the killing of the two British representatives there. The nearest British garrison was in Jalalabad, 90 miles (140 km) away, and the army would need to go through mountain passes with the January snow hindering them.
Under the command of Major-General William George Keith Elphinstone, 4,500 military personnel and 12,000 civilian camp followers including wives and children set out for Jalalabad on 6 January 1842, on the understanding that they had been offered safe passage. Afghan tribesmen intercepted them and proceeded to massacre them during the next seven days.

wn.com/William_Brydon
William Hung
William James Hung Hing Cheong (Traditional Chinese: 孔慶翔, Simplified Chinese: 孔庆翔, Cantonese Yale: Hung2 Hing3 Cheung4, Pinyin: Kǒng Qìngxiáng; born January 13, 1983), commonly known as William Hung, is an American singer who gained fame in early 2004 as a result of his off-key audition performance of Ricky Martin's hit song "She Bangs" on the third season of the television series American Idol.
Originally from Sha Tin, Hong Kong, Hung moved to Camden, New Jersey in 1993 and graduated from the John H. Francis Polytechnic High School in Los Angeles. He was a student at University of California, Berkeley, and later dropped out to pursue his music career. As of January 2012 Hung has largely retired from music and serves as a technical crime analyst for the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department.
While studying civil engineering at the University of California, Berkeley, Hung auditioned for the third season of American Idol in San Francisco in September 2003. He was the final auditioner on the January 15, 2004, installment, the coup de grâce of an hour-long episode that showcased other would-be pop stars, mostly lacking in talent.

wn.com/William_Hung
Wyatt Earp
Wyatt Berry Stapp Earp (March 19, 1848 – January 13, 1929) was an American investor and law enforcement officer who served in several Western frontier towns. He was also at different times a farmer, teamster, bouncer, saloon-keeper, miner and boxing referee. He is best known for his part in the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral during which three outlaw Cowboys were killed. The 30-second gunfight defined the rest of his life. Earp's modern-day reputation is that of the Old West's "toughest and deadliest gunman of his day."
Earp spent his early life in Iowa. His first wife Urilla Sutherland Earp died while pregnant less than a year after they married. Within the next two years he was arrested, sued twice, escaped from jail, then was arrested three more times for "keeping and being found in a house of ill-fame". He landed in the cattle boomtown of Wichita, Kansas where he became a deputy marshal for one year and developed a solid reputation as a lawman. In 1876 he followed his brother James to Dodge City, Kansas where he became an assistant marshal. In the winter of 1878 he went to Texas to gamble where he met John Henry "Doc" Holliday whom Earp credited with saving his life.

wn.com/Wyatt_Earp
Yannis Tsarouchis
Yannis Tsarouchis (13 January 1910-1989) was a Greek painter.
Born in Piraeus, he studied at the Athens School of Fine Arts (1929–1935). He was also a student of Photios Kontoglou, who introduced him to Byzantine iconography, while he also studied popular architecture and dressing customs. Together with Dimitris Pikionis, Kontoglou and Angeliki Hatzimichali he led the movement for the introduction of Greek tradition in painting.
From 1935 to 1936 he visited Istanbul, Paris and Italy. He came in contact with the Renaissance art and Impressionism. He discovered the works of Theophilos Hatzimihail and met influential artists such as Henri Matisse and Alberto Giacometti.
He returned to Greece in 1936 and two years later he produced his first personal exhibition in Athens. He later fought in the Greco-Italian War in 1940. In 1949, he and other artists, including Nikos Hadjikyriakos-Ghikas, Yannis Moralis, Nikos Nikolaou, Nikos Engonopoulos and Panayiotis Tetsis, established the "Armos" art group. In 1951 he had exhibitions in Paris and London. In 1958 he participated in the Venice Biennale. In 1967 he moved to Paris.

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Yuan Chonghuan
Yuan Chonghuan (simplified Chinese: 袁崇焕; traditional Chinese: 袁崇煥; Mandarin Pinyin: Yuán Chónghuàn; Jyutping: Yun4 Sung4 Wun6; style name: Yuánsù 元素 and Zìrú 自如; 6 June 1584 – 22 September 1630) was a famed patriot and military commander of the Ming Dynasty who battled the Manchus in Liaoning. He was of Cantonese origin. Yuan Chonghuan was known to have excelled in artillery warfare and successfully incorporated Western tactics with those of the East. Yuan's military career reached its height when he defeated Nurhaci and the Manchu army in the first Battle of Ningyuan. Later, Yuan also managed to defeat Nurhaci's son and successor, Huang Taiji, and his 200,000 mostly Mongol soldiers. However, Yuan was eventually tortured and executed by the Chongzhen Emperor under false charges which Huang Taiji is believed to have deliberately planted against him.
Yuan Chonghuan was born in Dongguan, Guangdong. During his adolescence, Yuan spent time traveling from town to town, and befriended many Jesuits and foreigners along the way. Although he took the imperial examinations repeatedly with little success, he saw and experienced much on his journeys to the capital. It is said that he befriended several westerners during this time and spent much time modifying European cannons.

wn.com/Yuan_Chonghuan
Zeno Vendler
Zeno Vendler (1921 – January 13, 2004) was an American philosopher of language, and a founding member and former director of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Calgary. His work on lexical aspect,quantifiers, and nominalization has been influential in the field of linguistics.
Vendler was born and raised in Hungary, where he learned to speak both Hungarian and German. He studied there until he began to train as a Jesuit priest in Maastricht. Vendler later went to Harvard University to study philosophy, and earned his doctorate in 1959 with a dissertation entitled "Facts and Laws." After holding several teaching positions at various American universities, he became a professor at the University of Calgary, where he was one of the founding members of the Department of Philosophy. After leaving the University of Calgary in 1973, he taught at several other schools, including Rice University and the University of California, San Diego.
He was married twice—his first wife was poetry critic Helen Hennessy Vendler—and had two sons. Vendler died on 13 January 2004 at the age of 83.

wn.com/Zeno_Vendler
Zhou Youguang
Zhou Youguang (Chinese: 周有光; pinyin: Zhōu Yǒuguāng; born 13 January 1906) is a Chinese linguist who is often credited as the "father of Hanyu Pinyin", the official romanization for Mandarin in the People's Republic of China. He was born in Changzhou.
Zhou enrolled in Saint John's University, Shanghai, in 1923, where he majored in economics and took supplementary coursework in linguistics. He left during the May Thirtieth Movement of 1925 and transferred to the short-lived Guanghua University, from which he graduated in 1927. Zhou spent time as an exchange student in Japan, and spent his early career working as a banker and economist overseas (mainly in New York City), but returned to Shanghai in 1949 when the People's Republic was established.
In 1955, the government placed Zhou at the head of a committee to reform the Chinese language in order to increase literacy. While other committees oversaw the tasks of promulgating Mandarin as the national language and creating simplified Chinese characters, Zhou's committee was charged with developing a romanization to represent the pronunciation of Chinese characters. Zhou says the task took about three years, and was a full-time job. Pinyin was made the official romanization in 1958, although then (as now) it was only a pronunciation guide, not a substitute writing system.

wn.com/Zhou_Youguang
Émile Zola
Émile François Zola (French pronunciation: [e.mil zɔ.la]; 2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a French writer, the most important exemplar of the literary school of naturalism and an important contributor to the development of theatrical naturalism. He was a major figure in the political liberalization of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer Alfred Dreyfus, which is encapsulated in the renowned newspaper headline J'Accuse.
Zola was born in Paris in 1840. His father, François Zola (originally Francesco Zolla), was an Italian engineer. With his French wife Émilie Aurélie Aubert, the family moved to Aix-en-Provence in the southeast, when Émile was three years old. Four years later in 1847, his father died leaving his mother on a meager pension. In 1858 the Zolas moved to Paris, where Émile's childhood friend Paul Cézanne soon joined him. Zola started to write in the romantic style. His widowed mother had planned a law career for Émile but he failed his Baccalauréat examination.

wn.com/Émile_Zola

NCAA Big 12 Wrestling Iowa State at Oklahoma 05-Jan-13

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published: 19 Feb 2013

author: Canbe Done

NCAA Big 12 Wrestling: West Virginia at Oklahoma 20-Jan-13

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published: 19 Feb 2013

author: Canbe Done

Chander Buri O Magic Man - Watch Full Episode 236 of 13th January 2013

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published: 14 Jan 2013

author: zeebangla

Amma - Amma 22-01-13

Amma 22-01-13...

published: 22 Jan 2013

author: Asianetindia

sthreedhanam - Sthreedhanam 28-01-13

Sthreedhanam 28-01-13...

published: 28 Jan 2013

author: Asianetindia

Cuochi E Fiamme 13/01/13

CuochiEFiamme...

published: 13 Jan 2013

author: la7d

Amma - Amma 11-01-13

Amma 11-01-13...

published: 12 Jan 2013

author: Asianetindia

Content Patch - January 29th, 2013 - Ep. 037 [Dead Space 3, Blizz. All-Stars, Tomb Raider]

00:32 Dead Space PC port defended by executive producer bit.ly 07:04 Dead Space 3 to inclu...

published: 29 Jan 2013

author: TotalHalibut

Content Patch - January 31st, 2013 - Ep. 038 [MoH, Arma Tactics, Xfire's Battleground]

00:37 Medal of Honor franchise dropped from EA's rotation bit.ly 04:46 Nvidia signs up Boh...

published: 31 Jan 2013

author: TotalHalibut

Ammakili - Ammakili 21-01-13

Ammakili 21-01-13...

published: 21 Jan 2013

author: Asianetindia

Amma - Amma 21-01-13

Amma 21-01-13...

published: 21 Jan 2013

author: Asianetindia

One Direction - One Thing

One Thing is released 12th February in the UK. Click here to buy your copy from iTunes now...

published: 13 Jan 2012

author: OneDirectionVEVO

Kungumapoo - Kungumapoo 10-01-13

Kungumapoo 10-01-13...

published: 10 Jan 2013

author: Asianetindia

Mindy McCready Last Interview Before Her Death

Her death is allegedly the result of an apparent suicide, according to FOX reporter Stacy ...

published: 18 Feb 2013

author: ctbadboy23

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photo: AP/Keystone, Laurent Gillieron

General view of the headquarters of food and drink company Nestle in Vevey, Switzerland, prior to a press conference, Thursday Oct. 18, 2007. Nestle said Thursday that sales for the first nine months of the year rose 9 percent as it saw strong growth fro

Nestle removes beef pasta meals after finding horsemeat

Joy Online

19 Feb 2013

Nestle, the world's biggest food company, has removed beef pasta meals from shelves in Italy and Spain after tests revealed traces of horse DNA. The Swiss-based firm has halted deliveries of products containing meat from a German supplier. Nestle is the latest in a string of major food producers to find traces of horsemeat in beef meals ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)

photo: AP / Antione de Ras - Independent Newspapers Ltd South Africa-Star

South African athlete Oscar Pistorius reacts, in court in Pretoria, South Africa, Friday, Feb 15, 2013, at his bail hearing in the murder case of his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp.

Paralympian Pistorius set for bail hearing

France24

19 Feb 2013

South African Paralympian Oscar Pistorius arrived early for a bail hearing at a Pretoria courthouse on Tuesday, after being charged with the murder of his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp last week. By News Wires (text).  . Double-amputee Olympian Oscar Pistorius has arrived early at a courthouse in South Africa’s capital for a bail hearing in the killing of his girlfriend. Oscar Pistorius and Reeva Steenkamp ... (0900 GMT). (AP) ... S ... Mali....(size: 5.3Kb)

photo: US Army / Staff Sgt. Kristen Duus

Master at Arms 2nd Class Nicholas Whisker and his canine Heby search a vehicle for explosive odors in Kandahar City, Afghanistan, Jan. 12, 2013.

Number of Afghan civilians killed in 2012 declines but deaths blamed on insurgents increase

Star Tribune

19 Feb 2013

KABUL, Afghanistan - The U.N ... The report says the overall civilian death toll in 2012 dropped 12 percent to 2,754 ... ....(size: 0.8Kb)

photo: AP / Andrew Brownbill

The tombstone of Ben Zygier stands at Chevra Kadisha Jewish Cemetery in Melbourne, Australia Friday, Feb 15. 2013.

Israel Prisoner X: Ben Zygier 'leaked Mossad secrets'

BBC News

18 Feb 2013

Israel secretly imprisoned an Australian man who worked for its Mossad spy agency because it believed he had divulged details of his work, an Australian news programme has reported. ABC News said Ben Zygier was suspected by Israel of informing Australia's security agency of Mossad operations. Last week, ABC identified Mr Zygier as Israel's so-called Prisoner X, whose existence Israel never acknowledged ... Italy mission ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

photo: AP / Pavel Rahman

A Bangladeshi activist shouts slogans during the funeral procession of blogger Rajib Haider, 30, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Saturday, Feb. 16, 2013. Haidar had been critical of the Islamic group Jamaat-e-Islami

Tensions rise over Bangladesh war crimes law

Al Jazeera

18 Feb 2013

One man has died in a crash after activists with Bangladesh's largest Islamist party chased a vehicle carrying passengers during a nationwide general strike to denounce a war crimes trial. The Jamaat-e-Islami party enforced Monday's strike in Dhaka to oppose an ongoing war-crimes trial ... One man died and another passenger was injured ... Authorities have kept schools and colleges open, and many businesses have reopened ... 605 Source .. Agencies....(size: 8.6Kb)

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Eight of family booked for woman's suicide

The Times of India

20 Feb 2013

NAGPUR ... Vaishali Patil, who had tied the knot with Rajesh in April 2007, had set herself afire on January 13. She was declared dead in the early hours of January 28. Vaishali was mentally and physically tortured by husband Rajesh, who was unemployed, along with his family members ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)

Rush Limbaugh Suggests Background Checks For Media To Detect For 'Mental Illness' (AUDIO)

Huffington Post

19 Feb 2013

Bush presented former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, Australia's former Prime Minister John Howard and Colombian President Alvaro Uribe with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in the East Room of the White House in Washington, DC, January 13, 2009 ... WASHINGTON - JANUARY 13 ... WASHINGTON - JANUARY 13. Radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh attends a Medal of Freedom ceremony at the White House January 13, 2009 in Washington DC....(size: 11.2Kb)

'Kourtney & Kim Take Miami': Kourtney Slaps Kim's Best Friend Across The Face (VIDEO)

Huffington Post

19 Feb 2013

Returns Sunday, January 6 at 9 p.m. EST and moves to regular timeslot on Monday, January 7 at 8 p.m ... Plus, for the first time, kids (ages 13-16) will be on the show along with 15 adult contestants."Downton Abbey". Returns Sunday, January 6 at 9 p.m ... Returns Sunday, January 13 at 9 p.m ... Returns Sunday, January 13 at 9 p.m ... Returns Sunday, January 13 at 9.30 p.m ... Returns Sunday, January 13 at 10 p.m ... Returns Sunday, January 13 at 10.30 p.m....(size: 22.8Kb)

Signs of regained strength in East China

China Daily

19 Feb 2013

An unexpected sharp increase in foreign trade in the eastern coastal region in January, though lower than the national average, showed that traditional labor-intensive industries are regaining vitality ... Traditional labor-intensive industries made significant progress in Zhejiang in January, with the textile industry seeing exports grow by 9.4 percent year-on-year ... Exports of shoes also rose in January, by 13 percent year-on-year....(size: 4.3Kb)

Houston home sales up nearly 30%

The Business Review

19 Feb 2013

Thinkstock ... In January, single-family home sales totaled 3,899, up 28.3 percent from January 2012 ... The average price and median price for single-family homes reached their highest levels for a January in Houston ... Total pending sales at the end of January were up 13.5 percent year over year, and active listings were down 20.3 percent from January 2012. Meanwhile, the inventory of single-family homes maintained a 13-year low ... Industries. ... .....(size: 4.1Kb)

Gun violators reach more than 1,000

Journal Online

19 Feb 2013

THE number of gun ban violators arrested by the Philippine National Police since last January 13 rose to more than 1,000 yesterday, with civilians making up the majority, a report to PNP chief Director General Alan LM Purisima said ... Cerbo said the nationwide operations since last January 13 also resulted in the confiscation of 1,000 firearms of ......(size: 2.7Kb)

Britney Spears' mystery man revealed

m&c;

19 Feb 2013

Britney - who has sons Sean Preston, seven, and Jayden James, six, from her marriage to Kevin Federline - and Jason split in January, 13 months after getting engaged and the 31-year-old singer recently admitted she will 'always love' the talent agent....(size: 1.3Kb)

More NZ firefighters Australia bound

Otago Daily Times

19 Feb 2013

Another 22 New Zealand firefighters will leave for Australia today to help battle bush fires in remote areas of Victoria ... Each team will spend at least two weeks away ... In January, 13 firefighters were sent to help fight bush fires in remote areas of Tasmania ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)

Second tiger poisoned

Deccan Chronicle

19 Feb 2013

Bengaluru. Within the space of one month, two tigers from the Nagarhole Tiger Reserve (NTR) have been poisoned to death. The second tiger was found dead in the Sollepura Reserve Forest of Mysore Division, adjacent to the Nagarhole Reserve. On Saturday afternoon, a villager out to collect wood saw the carcass of a tigress ... “It’s a clear case of poisoning ... Kuppe Range of NTR on January 13 had also died of poisoning....(size: 2.2Kb)

Premium Exploration Intersects 1.11 g/t Au Over 111.25 m at Idaho Gold Project

Stockhouse

19 Feb 2013

VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA--(Marketwire - Feb. 19, 2013) - Premium Exploration Inc ... PFR2012-1 returned. 1.11 g/t Au over 111.25 meters within 0.57 g/t Au over 304.80 meters ... The results appear to be consistent with the resource and previously released core holes drilled in this area; PFR2009-10, PFR2009-12 and PFR2010-23 (please see press releases dated January 13, 2010 and January 31, 2011) ... Adjacent Core Holes. PFR2009-10 ... Mr ... Mr ... ....(size: 5.0Kb)

Mindy McCready’s Heartbreaking Anti-Suicide Video

The Inquisitr

19 Feb 2013

Posted. February 19, 2013. Did the famed Mindy McCready leave behind a suicide note? Prior to the country star’s self-inflicted death, McCready developed a video with the help of Danno Hanks, a private investigator and amateur photographer ... “She fell in love with it, and she wanted to make that the title song on her album.” ... David Wilson, McCready’s boyfriend, passed away on January 13 at the age of 34 ... “She acted upbeat like....(size: 3.1Kb)

Djibouti: ANHRI Demands the Left of the Censorship Imposed on the Websites of the Opposition (ANHRI - Arabic Network for Human Rights Information)

noodls

19 Feb 2013

(Source. ANHRI - Arabic Network for Human Rights Information) ... ANHRI also denounces harassing the opposition leaders by the regime, particularly as the arrest of the leader "Taher Ahmed Farh", then sentencing him and after that temporarily released him ... After he came back to Djibouti on January 13, 2013, the authorities arrested him in February 6, 2013 then temporarily released him until full paying the said fine ... distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 3.4Kb)

Pythons are eating Florida Python Challenge $1500 for the most caught

The Examiner

19 Feb 2013

Invasive species. The largest documented Burmese python caught was 17 feet in length. Snake whisperers, hunters, anglers, are invited to come and compete in the month-long challenge January 13, 2013. The fear is that these snakes will spread to the surrounding states, Alabama, Georgia and the Carolinas, making the round-up sound like a good idea ... The precious Everglades ecosystem ... Twelve deaths have occurred ... Tweet. 0 Email ... ... 13 Photos ... ....(size: 5.8Kb)

timeline:
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001

January 13 in recent years

2012 (Friday)

2011 (Thursday)

2010 (Wednesday)

2009 (Tuesday)

2008 (Sunday)

2007 (Saturday)

2006 (Friday)

2005 (Thursday)

2004 (Tuesday)

2003 (Monday)

January 13 is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 352 days remaining until the end of the year (353 in leap years).

It is sometimes celebrated as New Year's Eve (at least in the 20th & 21st centuries) by countries and organisations still using the thirteen-days-adrift Julian calendar (Old New Year).

1 Events
2 Births
3 Deaths
4 Holidays and observances
5 External links

Events [link]

532 – Nika riots in Constantinople.
888 – Odo, Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks.
1328 – Edward III of England marries Philippa of Hainault, daughter of the Count of Hainault.
1435 – Sicut Dudum, forbidding the enslavement of black natives in Canary Islands by Spanish natives, is promulgated by Pope Eugene IV.
1547 – Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey is sentenced to death.
1605 – The controversial play Eastward Hoe by Ben Jonson, George Chapman, and John Marston is performed, landing two of the authors in prison.
1607 – The Bank of Genoa fails after announcement of national bankruptcy in Spain.
1733 – James Oglethorpe and 130 colonists arrive in Charleston, South Carolina.
1785 – John Walter publishes the first issue of the Daily Universal Register (later renamed The Times).
1793 – Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville, representative of Revolutionary France, lynched by a mob in Rome
1797 – French Revolutionary Wars: A naval battle between a French ship of the line and two British frigates off the coast of Brittany ends with the French vessel running ashore, resulting in the death of over 900.
1815 – War of 1812: British troops capture Fort Peter in St. Marys, Georgia, the only battle of the war to take place in the state.
1822 – The design of the Greek flag is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus.
1830 – The Great fire of New Orleans, Louisiana begins.
1832 – President Andrew Jackson writes to Vice President Martin Van Buren expressing his opposition to South Carolina's defiance of federal authority in the Nullification Crisis.
1840 – The steamship Lexington burns and sinks four miles off the coast of Long Island with the loss of 139 lives.
1842 – Dr. William Brydon, an assistant surgeon in the British East India Company Army during the First Anglo-Afghan War, becomes famous for being the sole survivor of an army of 4,500 men and 12,000 camp followers when he reaches the safety of a garrison in Jalalabad, Afghanistan.
1847 – The Treaty of Cahuenga ends the Mexican–American War in California.
1869 – National convention of black leaders meets in Washington, D.C.
1893 – The Independent Labour Party of the United Kingdom holds its first meeting.
1893 – U.S. Marines land in Honolulu, Hawaii from the USS Boston to prevent the queen from abrogating the Bayonet Constitution.
1898 – Émile Zola's J'accuse exposes the Dreyfus affair.
1908 – The Rhoads Opera House fire in Boyertown, Pennsylvania kills 171 people.
1910 – The first public radio broadcast takes place; a live performance of the opera Cavalleria rusticana is sent out over the airwaves from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York, New York.
1913 – Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Incorporated was founded on the campus of Howard University.
1915 – An earthquake in Avezzano, Italy kills 29,800.
1934 – The Candidate of Sciences degree is established in the Soviet Union.
1935 – A plebiscite in Saarland shows that 90.3% of those voting wish to join Nazi Germany.
1939 – The Black Friday bush fires burn 20,000 square kilometers of land in Australia, claiming the lives of 71 people.
1942 – Henry Ford patents a plastic automobile, which is 30% lighter than a regular car.
1942 – World War II: First use of an aircraft ejection seat by a German test pilot in a Heinkel He 280 jet fighter.
1951 – First Indochina War: The Battle of Vinh Yen begins, which will end in a major victory for France.
1953 – Marshal Josip Broz Tito is chosen as President of Yugoslavia.
1953 – An article appears in Pravda accusing some of the most prestigious and prominent doctors, mostly Jews, in the Soviet Union of taking part in a vast plot to poison members of the top Soviet political and military leadership.
1958 – The Moroccan Army of Liberation ambushes a Spanish patrol in the Battle of Edchera.
1964 – Anti-Muslim riots break out in Calcutta, resulting in 100 deaths.
1964 – Karol Wojtyla, the future Pope John Paul II, is appointed archbishop of Kraków, Poland.
1966 – Robert C. Weaver becomes the first African American Cabinet member when he is appointed United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
1968 – Johnny Cash performs live at Folsom State Prison
1972 – Prime Minister Kofi Abrefa Busia and President Edward Akufo-Addo of Ghana are ousted in a bloodless military coup by Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong.
1974 – Seraphim is elected Archbishop of Athens and All Greece.
1982 – Shortly after takeoff, Air Florida Flight 90, a Boeing 737 jet crashes into Washington, D.C.'s 14th Street Bridge and falls into the Potomac River, killing 78 including four motorists.
1985 – A passenger train plunges into a ravine in Ethiopia, killing 428 in the worst railroad disaster in Africa.
1986 – A month-long violent struggle begins in Aden, South Yemen between supporters of Ali Nasir Muhammad and Abdul Fattah Ismail, resulting in thousands of casualties.
1990 – Douglas Wilder becomes the first elected African American governor as he takes office in Richmond, Virginia.
1991 – Soviet Union troops attack Lithuanian independence supporters in Vilnius, killing 14 people and wounding 1000.
1993 – Space Shuttle program: Endeavour heads for space for the third time as STS-54 launches from the Kennedy Space Center.
2001 – An earthquake hits El Salvador, killing more than 800.
2012 – The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia sinks off the coast of Italy. There are 32 deaths (and a few people still missing) amongst the 4232 passengers and crew.

Births [link]

1434 – King Henry II of Castile (d. 1379)
1505 – Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1571)
1562 – Mark Alexander Boyd, Scottish poet (d. 1601)
1596 – Jan van Goyen, Dutch painter (d. 1656)
1610 – Maria Anna of Austria, Electress of Bavaria (d. 1665)
1616 – Antoinette Bourignon, Flemish mystic (d. 1680)
1635 – Philipp Jakob Spener, German theologian (d. 1705)
1651 – Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington, English politician (d. 1694)
1683 – Christoph Graupner, German composer (d. 1760)
1698 – Metastasio, Italian poet and librettist (d. 1782)
1720 – Richard Hurd, English bishop and writer (d. 1808)
1749 – Friedrich Müller, painter and dramatist (d. 1825)
1777 – Elisa Bonaparte, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, sister of Napoleon Bonaparte (d. 1820)
1787 – John Davis, 14th and 17th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1854)
1804 – Paul Gavarni, French caricaturist (d. 1866)
1805 – Thomas Dyer, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1862)
1808 – Salmon P. Chase, 6th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1873)
1812 – Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (d. 1883)
1832 – Horatio Alger, Jr., American minister and author (d. 1899)
1845 – Félix Tisserand, French astronomer (d. 1896)
1858 – Oskar Minkowski, biologist (d. 1931)
1859 – Kostis Palamas, Greek poet (d. 1943)
1861 – Max Nonne, German neurologist (d. 1959)
1864 – Wilhelm Wien, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
1865 – Princess Marie of Orléans (d. 1908)
1866 – Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (d. 1901)
1869 – Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta, Italian aristocrat (d. 1931)
1870 – Ross Granville Harrison, American biologist (d. 1959)
1878 – Lionel Groulx, Canadian nationalist (d. 1967)
1881 – Essington Lewis, Australian industrialist (d. 1961)
1883 – Prince Arthur of Connaught (d. 1938)
1884 – Sophie Tucker, Russian-born singer and performer (d. 1966)
1885 – Alfred Fuller, Canadian businessman, The "Fuller Brush Man" (d. 1973)
1886 – Art Ross, Canadian ice hockey player and executive (d. 1964)
1887 – Gabriel Gabrio, French actor (d. 1946)
1887 – George Gurdjieff, Georgian-Armenian-Greek mystic (d. 1949)
1890 – Jüri Uluots, Estonian Prime Minister (d. 1945)
1893 – Roy Cazaly, Australian rules footballer (d. 1963)
1893 – Clark Ashton Smith, American writer (d. 1961)
1898 – Kai Munk, Danish playwright and Lutheran pastor, martyr (d. 1944)
1898 – Carlo Tagliabue, Italian baritone (d. 1978)
1901 – A. B. Guthrie, American novelist, historian (d. 1991)
1901 – Mieczysław Żywczyński, Polish historian and priest (d. 1978)
1904 – Richard Addinsell, British composer (Warsaw Concerto) (d. 1977)
1905 – Kay Francis, American actress (d. 1968)
1906 – Zhou Youguang, Chinese linguist
1909 – Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist (d. 1934)
1910 – Yannis Tsarouchis, Greek painter (d. 1989)
1911 – Sir Johannes "Joh" Bjelke-Petersen, Premier of Queensland (d. 2005)
1913 – Jeff Morrow, American actor (d. 1993)
1914 – Lord Ted Willis, British television dramatist (d. 1992)
1919 – Robert Stack, American actor (d. 2003)
1921 – Dachine Rainer, British writer (d. 2000)
1922 – Albert Lamorisse, French film director and producer (d. 1970)
1923 – Daniil Shafran, Russian cellist (d. 1997)
1923 – Willem Slijkhuis, Dutch athlete (d. 2003)
1924 – Paul Feyerabend, Austrian-born philosopher (d. 1994)
1924 – Roland Petit, French choreographer (d. 2011)
1925 – Georgi Kaloyanchev, Bulgarian actor
1925 – Gwen Verdon, American actress and dancer (d. 2000)
1926 – Shakti Samanta, Indian film director and producer (d. 2009)
1926 – Michael Bond, British writer
1926 – Carolyn Gold Heilbrun, American feminist author (d. 2003)
1927 – Brock Adams, American politician (d. 2004)
1927 – Sydney Brenner, British Nobel Laureate
1929 – Joe Pass, American jazz guitarist (d. 1994)
1930 – Liz Anderson, American singer (d. 2011)
1930 – Frances Sternhagen, American actress
1931 – Ian Hendry, English actor (d. 1984)
1931 – Charles Nelson Reilly, American actor (d. 2007)
1931 – Chris Wiggins, British actor
1932 – Barry Bishop, American mountaineer (d. 1994)
1934 – Rip Taylor, American actor
1935 – Mauro Forghieri, Italian automotive & mechanical engineer (Scuderia Ferrari)
1935 – Elsa Martinelli, Italian actress
1936 – Renato Bruson, Italian operatic baritone
1938 – William B. Davis, Canadian actor
1938 – Richard Anthony (French singer), French singer of Egyptian descent
1938 – Tord Grip, Swedish football manager
1938 – Shivkumar Sharma, santoor player, Indian music composer
1939 – Jacek Gmoch, Polish footballer and coach
1939 – Edgardo Cozarinsky, Argentinian writer and film director
1939 – Cesare Maniago, Canadian ice hockey player
1940 – Edmund White, American author
1941 – Pasqual Maragall, Spanish politician
1942 – Carol Cleveland, English actress
1943 – Richard Moll, American actor
1946 – Eero Koivistoinen, Finnish musician
1947 – John Lees, English Musician (Barclay James Harvest)
1947 – Jacek Majchrowski, Mayor of Kraków
1947 – Carles Rexach, former Spanish-Catalan footballer and coach
1948 – Gaj Singh, Maharaja of Jodhpur
1949 – Klaus Brandner, German politician
1949 – Rakesh Sharma, first Indian and 138th person to visit space
1949 – Brandon Tartikoff, American television executive (d. 1997)
1950 – Bob Forsch, American baseball player
1950 – John McNaughton, American film director
1951 – Frank E. Peretti, author of Christian fiction
1954 – Trevor Rabin, South African guitarist (Yes)
1955 – Paul Kelly, Australian singer-songwriter
1955 – Jay McInerney, American writer
1956 – Janet Hubert-Whitten, American actress
1957 – Lorrie Moore, American writer
1957 – Mark O'Meara, American golfer
1958 – Ton du Chatinier, Dutch retired footballer and football manager
1959 – Ernie Irvan, retired NASCAR driver and Daytona 500 champion
1959 – James Lomenzo, American musician (Megadeth, White Lion and Black Label Society)
1960 – Takis Lemonis, Greek footballer and coach
1961 – Wayne Coyne, American singer (The Flaming Lips)
1961 – Julia Louis-Dreyfus, American actress
1961 – Kelly Hrudey, Canadian ice hockey player
1961 – Suggs, English singer (Madness)
1962 – Trace Adkins, American country music singer-songwriter
1962 – Paul Higgins, Canadian hockey player
1962 – Kevin Mitchell, American baseball player
1963 – Kevin McClatchy, American businessman
1964 – Bill Bailey, British comedian
1964 – Penelope Ann Miller, American actress
1964 – Ronan Rafferty, Northern Irish golfer
1966 – Patrick Dempsey, American actor, Race car driver
1966 – Shelagh Fogarty, British radio presenter
1966 – Leo Visser, Dutch speed skate champion
1967 – Annie Jones, Australian actress
1968 – Traci Bingham, American actress
1968 – Chara, Japanese singer and actress
1968 – Mike Whitlow, English footballer
1968 – Antonio Tartaglia, Italian bobsledder
1969 – Stefania Belmondo, Italian cross-country skier
1969 – Stephen Hendry, Scottish snooker player
1970 – Keith Coogan, American actor
1970 – Frank Kooiman, Dutch football goalkeeper
1970 – Marco Pantani, Italian cyclist (d. 2004)
1970 – Shonda Rhimes, American screenwriter
1971 – John Mallory Asher, American film actor/director
1971 – Phil Whyman, English paranormal researcher, television personality, writer and musician
1972 – Mark Bosnich, Australian footballer
1972 – Nicole Eggert, American actress
1972 – James O'Brien, British radio presenter and journalist
1972 – Atoosa Rubenstein, Iranian-born American magazine editor
1972 – Vitaly Scherbo, Belarusian gymnast
1972 – Park Jin-Young, Korean singer
1973 – Nikolai Khabibulin, Russian ice hockey player
1973 – Gloria Yip, Hong Kong actor
1974 – Sergei Brylin, Russian ice hockey player
1976 – Michael Peña, American actor
1976 – Tania Vicent, Canadian short track speed skater
1976 – Mario Yepes, Colombian footballer
1977 – Orlando Bloom, English actor
1977 – James Posey, American basketball player
1977 – William Ash (actor), British actor
1978 – Ashmit Patel, Indian actor
1978 – Nate Silver, American journalist and statistician
1980 – Krzysztof Czerwinski, Polish conductor and organist
1980 – Nils-Eric Johansson, Swedish footballer
1980 – Akira Kaji, Japanese footballer
1980 – Michael Rupp, American ice hockey player
1980 – Mirko Soltau, German footballer
1981 – Reggie Brown, American football player
1981 – Shad Gaspard, American professional wrestler, bodyguard, and actor
1981 – Jason James, Welsh bassist (Bullet for My Valentine)
1981 – Darrell Rasner, American baseball player
1982 – Kamran Akmal, Pakistan cricketer
1982 – Guillermo Coria, Argentine tennis player
1982 – Constantinos Makrides, Cypriot football player
1983 – William Hung, TV personality and singer
1983 – Sebastian Kneißl, German footballer
1983 – Julian Morris, English actor
1983 – Ronny Turiaf, French basketball player
1983 – Imran Khan, Indian actor
1984 – Matteo Cavagna, Italian footballer
1984 – Nathaniel Motte, American musician (3OH!3)
1984 – Lourdes Arévalos, Paraguaian beauty model
1985 – Qi Hui, Chinese swimmer
1986 – Laura Ludwig, German beach volleyball player
1986 – Josefine Preuß, German actress
1986 – Joannie Rochette, Canadian figure skater
1987 – Stefano Del Sante, Italian footballer
1987 – Lee Seung Gi, South Korean singer
1987 – Daniel Oss, Italian cyclist
1987 – Alexandre Pliuschin, Moldovan cyclist
1987 – Marc Staal, Canadian ice hockey player
1987 – Sven Wetzel, German rugby player
1988 – Josh Freeman, American football player
1988 – Daniel Scheinig, German footballer
1989 – Bryan Arguez, American footballer
1989 – James Berrett, English footballer
1989 – Triinu Kivilaan, Estonian singer (Vanilla Ninja)
1989 – Tim Matavž, Slovenian footballer
1990 – Liam Hemsworth, Australian actor
1991 – Goo Ha-ra, South Korean singer/actress/MC (Kara)
1992 – Adam Matthews, Welsh footballer
1992 – Dinah Pfizenmaier, German tennis player
1995 – Qaasim Middleton, American musician and actor (The Naked Brothers Band)

Deaths [link]

86 BC – Gaius Marius, Roman general and politician (b. 157 BC)
614 – Saint Kentigern (Saint Mungo), patron saint of Glasgow
703 – Empress Jitō of Japan (b. 645)
858 – King Ethelwulf of Wessex (b. 795)
888 – Charles the Fat, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 839)
1138 – Simon I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1076)
1151 – Abbot Suger, French statesman and historian (b. 1081)
1177 – Henry II of Austria (b. 1107)
1330 – Frederick I of Austria (b. 1286)
1363 – Meinhard III of Gorizia-Tyrol (b. 1344)
1599 – Edmund Spenser, English poet (b. 1552)
1625 – Jan Brueghel the Elder, Flemish painter (b. 1568)
1630 – Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese military commander (b. 1584)
1658 – Edward Sexby, English Puritan soldier (b. 1616)
1691 – George Fox, English founder of Quakerism (b. 1624)
1717 – Maria Sibylla Merian, naturalist and scientific illustrator (b. 1647)
1766 – King Frederick V of Denmark (b. 1723)
1775 – Johann Georg Walch, German theologian (b. 1693)
1790 – Luc Urbain de Bouexic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (b. 1712)
1796 – John H. D. Anderson, Scottish scientist and inventor (b. 1726)
1797 – Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern, wife of Frederick II of Prussia (b. 1715)
1832 – Thomas Lord, English cricketer, founder of Lord's cricket ground (b. 1755)
1838 – Ferdinand Ries, German composer (b. 1784)
1852 – Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian explorer (b. 1778)
1853 – Theophilos Kairis, Greek priest, humanist and revolutionary (b. 1783)
1860 – William Mason, American politician (b. 1786)
1864 – Stephen Foster, American composer (b. 1826)
1882 – Wilhelm Mauser, German weapon designer and manufacturer (b. 1834)
1885 – Schuyler Colfax, American politician (b. 1823)
1889 – Solomon Bundy, American politician (b. 1823)
1894 – Nadezhda von Meck, Russian patroness of Pyotr Tchaikovsky (b. 1831)
1905 – George Thorn, Premier of Queensland (b. 1838)
1906 – Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (b. 1859)
1915 – Mary Slessor, Scottish missionary (b. 1848)
1923 – Alexandre Ribot, French statesman (b. 1842)
1924 – Georg Hermann Quincke, German physicist (b. 1834)
1928 – Mara Buneva, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1902}
1929 – Wyatt Earp, American Western lawman (b. 1848)
1929 – H. B. Higgins, Australian politician and judge (b. 1851)
1932 – Sophia of Prussia, consort of Constantine I of Greece (b. 1870)
1934 – Paul Ulrich Villard, French physicist (b. 1860)
1941 – James Joyce, Irish writer (b. 1882)
1943 – Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Swiss artist (b. 1889)
1956 – Lyonel Feininger, German-American painter and caricaturist (b. 1871)
1958 – Jesse L. Lasky, American film producer (b. 1880)
1962 – Ernie Kovacs, American actor and comedian (b. 1919)
1967 – Anatole de Grunwald, British producer and screenwriter (b. 1910)
1971 – Robert Still, English composer (b. 1910)
1974 – Raoul Jobin, Canadian tenor (b. 1906)
1974 – Salvador Novo, Mexican writer and poet (b. 1904)
1976 – Margaret Leighton, English actress (b. 1922)
1977 – Henri Langlois, French film archivist, and a co-founder of the Cinémathèque Française (b. 1914)
1978 – Hubert H. Humphrey, 38th Vice President of the United States (b. 1911)
1978 – Joe McCarthy, American baseball manager (b. 1887)
1979 – Donny Hathaway, American musician (b. 1945)
1979 – Marjorie Lawrence, Australian soprano (b. 1907)
1980 – André Kostelanetz, Russian-born music conductor and arranger (b. 1901)
1982 – Marcel Camus, French director (b. 1912)
1988 – Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (b. 1910)
1993 – Camargo Guarnieri, Brazilian composer (b. 1907)
1995 – Max Harris, Australian poet, columnist and publisher (b. 1921)
2001 – Michael Cuccione, Canadian actor and singer (2ge+her) (b. 1985)
2002 – Ted Demme, American film director (b. 1963)
2002 – Gregorio Fuentes, Cuban fisherman, Ernest Hemingway's first mate (b. 1897)
2002 – Frank Shuster, Canadian comedian (b. 1916)
2003 – Norman Panama, American screenwriter and director (b. 1914)
2004 – Arne Næss Jr., Norwegian mountain climber (b. 1937)
2004 – Harold Shipman, British serial killer (b. 1946)
2004 – Zeno Vendler, American philosopher of language (b. 1921)
2005 – Earl Cameron, Canadian broadcaster (b. 1915)
2005 – Nell Rankin, American mezzo-soprano (b. 1924)
2006 – Frank Fixaris, American sportscaster (b. 1934)
2006 – Marc Potvin, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1967)
2007 – Michael Brecker, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1949)
2007 – Danny Oakes, American racecar driver (b. 1911)
2008 – Sergei Larin, Lithuanian tenor (b. 1956)
2008 – Johnny Podres, American baseball player (b. 1932)
2009 – Doña Mary Ejercito, Filipino supercentarian, mother of Joseph Ejercito Estrada (b. 1905)
2009 – Dai Llewellyn Welsh socialite
2009 – Patrick McGoohan, American actor (b. 1928)
2009 – Mansour Rahbani, Lebanese composer and lyricist (b. 1925)
2009 – Nancy Bird Walton, Australian aviator (b. 1915)
2009 – William De Witt Snodgrass, American poet under the pseudonym S. S. Gardons (b. 1926)
2010 – Teddy Pendergrass, American R&B singer (Harold Melvin & The Blue Notes) (b. 1950)
2010 – Jay Reatard, American garage punk musician (The Reatards and Lost Sounds) (b. 1980)
2010 – Kalifa Tillisi, Libyan writer and linguist (b. 1930)
2011 – Albert Heijn, a Dutch entrepreneur, major stock holder and founder and chairman of the board of Ahold (b. 1927)
2012 – Rauf Denktaş, Turkish Cypriot politician, founder and first president of Northern Cyprus (b. 1924)

Holidays and observances [link]

Christian Feast Day:
Liberation Day (Togo)
Korean American Day
Old New Year, celebrated on the night of January 13 or 14. (Russia, Georgia, Belarus, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro, Republic of Srpska, Republic of Macedonia)
Sidereal winter solstice's eve celebrations in South and Southeast Asian cultures; the last day of the six months Dakshinayana period (see January 14):
- Bhogi (Tamil)
- Lohri (Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh)
- Uruka (Assam)
St. Knut's Day or Tjugondag Knut, the last day of Christmas. (Sweden and Finland)

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: January 13

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Mindy McCready
Birth name	Malinda Gayle McCready
Born	(1975-11-30) November 30, 1975 (age 36)
Origin	Fort Myers, Florida, USA
Genres	Country
Occupations	Singer
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	1996–present
Labels	BNA, Capitol Nashville, Iconic
Associated acts	Richie McDonald, George Strait, Lorrie Morgan
Website	http://www.mindymccreadyofficial.com

Malinda Gayle "Mindy" McCready (born November 30, 1975) is an American country music singer. Active since 1996, she has recorded a total of five studio albums. Her debut album, 1996's Ten Thousand Angels, was released on BNA Records and was certified 2× Multi-Platinum by the RIAA, while 1997's If I Don't Stay the Night was certified Gold. 1999's I'm Not So Tough, her final album for BNA, was less successful, and she left the label. A self-titled fourth album followed in 2002 on Capitol Records.

Overall, McCready's four studio albums have accounted for 12 singles on the Billboard country singles charts. This figure includes the Number One hit "Guys Do It All the Time", as well as the Top Ten hits "Ten Thousand Angels" and "A Girl's Gotta Do (What a Girl's Gotta Do)." Although she has not charted a single since 2002, McCready has received significant media coverage regarding personal events in her life. McCready's critically acclaimed fifth studio album, I'm Still Here, was released in March 2010 on Iconic Records and is available on Amazon & iTunes. McCready has sold over 3 million albums according to the RIAA.

1 Career
2 Personal life
- 2.1 Roger Clemens affair
- 2.2 Sex tape
3 Legal troubles
4 Discography
5 References
6 External links

Career [link]

Born Malinda Gayle McCready in Fort Myers, Florida, McCready began singing in church at age 3, and graduated from high school at the age of 16 with the intention of beginning her music career early.^[1]

When she was 18, she moved to Nashville, where she was signed by BNA Records. Her debut album, Ten Thousand Angels, was released in 1996 and sold two million copies. The album produced four chart singles on the country charts: the title track at #6, followed by her only Number One hit, "Guys Do It All the Time." This song, in turn, was succeeded by "Maybe He'll Notice Her Now," a duet with Richie McDonald, then the lead vocalist of Lonestar. The fourth and final single, "A Girl's Gotta Do (What a Girl's Gotta Do)," peaked at #4.^[2]

The next year, McCready released the album If I Don't Stay the Night. The album spawned three singles, "What If I Do", "The Other Side of This Kiss," and "You'll Never Know." The album sold 825,000 copies.^[3]

In 1999, McCready released I'm Not So Tough. The first single, "All I Want Is Everything," failed to break the top 50. The album was a commercial failure, selling 144,000 copies. Soon after, McCready's record company dropped her. McCready was then signed by Capitol Records. She released a self-titled album with Capitol in 2002 to disappointing sales, and was dropped by Capitol later that year.^[3]

In May 2008, McCready released a song, "I'm Still Here," via her official website. She also announced that she is working on a documentary, a new album and a reality show.^[4]

McCready's critically acclaimed fifth album, I'm Still Here, was released in March 2010.^[5]

In June 2009, McCready signed on to appear on the reality series Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew.^[6]

In the summer of 2011 Mindy appeared on Celebrity Close Calls & Celebrity Ghost Stories. McCready also appeared on 20/20 in December 2011 talking about Zander, producer boyfriend David Wilson and new music.

Personal life [link]

In 1997, McCready became engaged to actor Dean Cain.^[7] The couple broke up the following year.^[8]

McCready also dated former NHL hockey player Drake Berehowsky.^[9]

In May 2005, McCready's ex-boyfriend, Billy McKnight, was arrested and charged with attempted murder after beating and choking her.^[3]^[10] After reporting to People magazine that she had cut ties with her abuser, McCready was found unconscious the following July, in a hotel lobby in Indian Rocks Beach, Florida, after attempting suicide. She was hospitalized for a drug overdose after washing down a large amount of undisclosed drugs with alcohol.^[11] That September, when she was pregnant with McKnight's child, she attempted suicide again by overdosing on antidepressants.^[12]

On March 25, 2006, McCready gave birth to a son, Zander Ryan McCready.^[13]

On December 17, 2008, paramedics were called to McCready's Nashville home after an apparent suicide attempt; they transported her to a hospital after finding wounds on her wrists.^[14]

McCready appeared in the third season of Celebrity Rehab with Dr. Drew, which aired in January and February 2010 and depicting her struggle with substance addiction.^[15] She later discussed her recovery and possible studio work with Todd Gaither on a March 2010 episode of The View.

On May 25, 2010, McCready was hospitalized in Cape Coral, Florida for a possible drug overdose; she may have had a reaction to Darvocet her mother had given her.^[16] She was released later that day and returned home.^[17]

On April 9, 2012, McCready gave birth to her second child, a son named Zayne.^[18]

Roger Clemens affair [link]

In April 2008, the New York Daily News reported on a possible long-term relationship between McCready and baseball star Roger Clemens that began when she was 15.^[19]

Clemens' attorney Rusty Hardin denied the affair, stating that Clemens would bring a defamation suit regarding this false allegation. Clemens' attorney admitted that a relationship existed, but described McCready as a "close family friend." He also stated that McCready had traveled on Clemens' personal jet and that Clemens' wife was aware of the relationship.^[19] Clemens issued a statement saying only that "I have made mistakes in my personal life for which I am sorry."^[20] McCready described the relationship as being sexual in nature.^[21]

On November 17, 2008, McCready spoke in more detail to Inside Edition about her affair with Clemens. She stated that their relationship lasted for more than a decade, ending when Clemens refused to leave his wife to marry McCready. However, she denied that she was 15 when it began; she said they met when she was 16 and the relationship only became sexual "several years later".^[22]

Sex tape [link]

A pornographic videotape of McCready and an ex-boyfriend referred to as "Peter"^[23] went on sale by Vivid Entertainment on April 19, 2010.^[24] McCready has claimed the video was stolen from her home three years ago.^[25]^{[not in citation given]}

Legal troubles [link]

In August 2004, McCready was arrested in Tennessee for using a fake prescription to buy the painkiller OxyContin. Although she initially denied the charge, she pleaded guilty and was fined $4,000, sentenced to three years probation, and ordered to perform 200 hours of community service.^[26]^[27]

In May 2005, she was stopped by Nashville police for speeding, then arrested and charged with driving under the influence and driving with a suspended license.^[28] A jury later found her not guilty on the charges of DUI, but guilty of driving with a suspended license.^[29] That July, she was charged in Arizona with identity theft, unlawful use of transportation, unlawful imprisonment, and hindering prosecution.^[30]

An arrest warrant was issued for her the following month for violation of her probation when she left Tennessee without her probation officer's permission. She was also charged with not reporting to her probation officer during the month of July.^[31] She was finally arrested in Florida and returned to Tennessee. She faced a hearing later that year on charges of violating her probation on a drug charge by failing to check in with her probation officer and leaving the state without permission to go to Florida.^[32]

In July 2007, McCready was arrested in Ft. Myers, Florida. She was charged with battery and resisting arrest for an apparent scuffle with her mother.^[33] The following week, she was taken into custody at the Nashville International Airport for violating probation.^[34] In September, McCready was sentenced to a year in jail for violating probation. In addition to the jail time, she was ordered to serve two more years of probation and perform 200 additional hours of community service. She was released from jail in December.^[35]

In June 2008, McCready was arrested in Tennessee for violating the terms of her probation set in September 2007.^[36] Sentenced to 60 days in jail, McCready turned herself in on September 30, 2008.^[37] After serving half of her sentence, she was released early for good behavior on October 31, 2008.^[38]

Discography [link]

**Mindy McCready discography**
Releases
↙Studio albums	5
↙Singles	15
↙Music videos	8
↙No.1 Single	1

Studio albums [link]

Title	Album details	Peak chart positions^[39]				Certifications (sales threshold)
Title	Album details	US Country	US	CAN Country	CAN	Certifications (sales threshold)
Ten Thousand Angels	Release date: April 30, 1996 Label: BNA Records	5	40	1	93	US: 2× Platinum
If I Don't Stay the Night	Release date: November 4, 1997 Label: BNA Records	12	83	12	—	US: Gold
I'm Not So Tough	Released: September 14, 1999 Label: BNA Records	17	155	13	—
Mindy McCready	Release date: March 26, 2002 Label: Capitol Nashville	29	—	*	—
I'm Still Here	Release date: March 23, 2010 Label: Linus Entertainment	71	—	*	—
"—" denotes releases that did not chart * denotes unknown peak positions

Compilation and specialty albums [link]

Title	Album details	Peak chart positions^[40]
Title	Album details	US Country	CAN Country
CMT Girls' Night Out^[A]	Release date: October 12, 1999 Label: BNA Records	30	8
Super Hits	Release date: January 11, 2000 Label: Sony BMG	46	—
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

Notes

A^ CMT Girls' Night Out featured Martina McBride, Lorrie Morgan, and Sara Evans.

Singles [link]

Year	Single	Peak chart positions^[2]				Album
Year	Single	US Country	US	CAN Country	UK	Album
1996	"Ten Thousand Angels"	6	124	13	—	Ten Thousand Angels
	"Guys Do It All the Time"	1	72	1	—
	"Maybe He'll Notice Her Now" (with Richie McDonald)	18	102	11	—
1997	"A Girl's Gotta Do (What a Girl's Gotta Do)"	4	105	4	—
1997	"What If I Do"	26	102	19	—	If I Don't Stay the Night
1998	"You'll Never Know"	19	102	12	—
	"The Other Side of This Kiss"	41	—	30	—
	"Oh Romeo"	—	—	—	41
1999	"One in a Million"^[A]	57	—	—	—	I'm Not So Tough
1999	"All I Want Is Everything"	57	—	77	—	I'm Not So Tough
2000	"Scream"	46	—	*	—	Mindy McCready
2002	"Maybe, Maybe Not"	49	—	*	—
2002	"Lips Like Yours"	—	—	*	—
2008	"I'm Still Here"	—	—	*	—	I'm Still Here
2010	"I Want a Man"	—	—	*	—	I'm Still Here
"—" denotes releases that did not chart * denotes unknown peak positions

Notes

A^ "One in a Million" is only on the international version of I'm Not So Tough.

Guest singles [link]

Year	Single	Artist	Peak positions	Album
Year	Single	Artist	US Country	Album
2009	"Sweeter"	Billy McKnight	—	Billy McKnight
"—" denotes releases that did not chart

Other charted songs [link]

Year	Single	Peak positions	Album
Year	Single	US Country	Album
1998	"Let's Talk About Love"	68	Country Cares for Kids

Music videos [link]

Year	Video	Director
1996	"Ten Thousand Angels"	Jim Hershleder
	"Guys Do It All the Time"
	"Maybe He'll Notice Her Now" (with Richie McDonald)
1998	"You'll Never Know"	Dean Cain
1998	"The Other Side of This Kiss"	Dean Cain
1999	"All I Want Is Everything"	Susan Johnson
2000	"Scream"	Roger Pistole
2001	"Maybe, Maybe Not"

References [link]

^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Mindy McCready biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p174776. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
^ ^a ^b "Artist Chart History – Mindy McCready: Singles". billboard.com. http://web.archive.org/web/20081221080625/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.vnuArtistId=147672&model.vnuAlbumId=525117. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Mindy McCready's troubled road". CNN.com. 2005-09-30. Archived from the original on June 2, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080602134413/http://www.cnn.com/2005/SHOWBIZ/Music/09/30/music.mindymccready.ap/index.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ Dagostino, Mark (2008-05-08). "Mindy McCready Thanks Fans, Releases a New Song". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20201034,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ "Mindy McCready: "Not Aware" of Sex Tape". cbsnews.com. 2010-03-30. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/03/30/entertainment/main6347732.shtml. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
^ "Dennis Rodman, Mindy McCready Sign On for Celebrity Rehab". usmagazine.com. 2009-06-01. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebritynews/news/dennis-rodman-mindy-mccready-sign-on-for-celebrity-rehab-200916. Retrieved 31 March 2010.
^ Karger, Dave (1997-09-19). "Monitor: Pop Culture News". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,289483,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ Finan, Eileen (2008-04-29). "Mindy McCready Admits to Relationship with Roger Clemens". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20196311,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ "Interview With Mindy McCready". CNN. November 11, 2005. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0511/11/lkl.01.html.
^ "McCready Says She Still Loves Boyfriend". FOXNews.com. 2005-11-05. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,174558,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ Smolowe, Jill (2005-08-15). "Mindy Mccready's Downward Spiral". People. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20144062,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ Silverman, Stephen M. (2005-09-24), Pregnant Mindy McCready Overdoses, People, http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1109265,00.html, retrieved 2008-06-27
^ "Births". Variety. 2006-05. http://web.archive.org/web/20081221165125/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5143/is_200605/ai_n18585806. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ Singer McCready Hospitalized After Apparent Suicide Attempt US Weekly, December 17, 2008
^ Dehnart, Andy (2009-05-28). "Dennis Rodman, Heidi Fleiss, Mackenzie Phillips, Joey Kovar, Lisa D'Amato cast on Celebrity Rehab 3". Reality Blurred. http://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/archives/celebrity_rehab/2009_May_28_season_three_cast. Retrieved 2009-12-11.
^ "Country singer McCready hospitalized for overdose". WBBH-TV. May 25, 2010. http://www.nbc-2.com/Global/story.asp?S=12539270. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
^ Lush, Tamara (May 26, 2010). "Country singer McCready out of hospital in Fla.". Associated Press. http://web.archive.org/web/20100529212859/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5jh5HOQnBbPc_YaMBBIl4pxfvbhqgD9FU6PC80. Retrieved 26 May 2010.
^ "Mindy McCready Welcomes Son Zayne". People. April 12, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Thompson, Teri; Nanthaniel Vinton and Christian Red (2008-04-28). "Sources: Roger Clemens had 10-year fling with country star Mindy McCready". New York: NY Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/baseball/yankees/sources-roger-clemens-10-year-fling-country-star-mindy-mccready-article-1.171271. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
^ "Report: Mindy McCready in Apparent Suicide Attempt". Fox News. 2008-12-17. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,468924,00.html.
^ Report: Mindy McCready Confirms Affair With Roger Clemens. Foxnews.com (2009-12-17). Retrieved on 2012-01-25.
^ "Report: Mindy McCready talks about Clemens Affair". sportsillustrated.cnn.com. 2008-11-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20081206013048/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/baseball/mlb/11/17/clemens.mcready.ap/index.html. Retrieved 2008-11-18.
^ "Mindy McCready Tape – "Baseball Mistress" Reveals Roger Clemens Tales for Vivid". National Ledger. March 29, 2010. http://www.nationalledger.com/pop-culture-news/mindy-mccready-tape-basebal-473035.shtml. Retrieved Mar 31, 2010.
^ EXCLUSIVE: New Mindy McCready Sex Tape Includes Interview About Roger Clemens. Fox News. March 29, 2010
^ Mindy McCready Sex Video to Derail Tour? CBS News March 30, 2010.
^ E! Online article on McCready's 2004 arrest, part one.^{[dead link]}
^ E! Online article on McCready's 2004 arrest, part two.^{[dead link]}
^ "Mindy McCready: Cops Targeted Me". CBSNews.com. 2006-07-18. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/07/19/entertainment/main1819701.shtml. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ "Mindy McCready found not guilty in DUI trial". msnbc.msn.com. 2006-07-19. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/13941794. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ Hall, Sarah (2005-08-29). "Mindy McCready Jailed". Eonline.com. http://web.archive.org/web/20110629042709/http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b50559_Mindy_McCready_Jailed.html.
^ Yahoo.com August 10, 2005 on McCready's arrest warrant issuance.^{[dead link]}
^ Hall, Sarah (2006-08-22). "Mindy McCready Takes it Back". de.eonline.com. http://de.eonline.com/uberblog/b44186_mindy_mccready_takes_it_back.html. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ New York Times July 22, 2007 on McCready's Florida arrest the previous day.^{[dead link]}
^ "Singer Mindy McCready taken into custody". USA Today. 2007-07-26. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-07-25-mindy-mccready_N.htm. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ McCready sentenced to 1 year in prison. USA Today. September 15, 2007
^ "Mindy McCready Arrested — Again". accesshollywood.com. 2008-06-26. http://www.accesshollywood.com/article/10110/mindy-mccready-arrested-again/katie-holmes?__source=related-headlines. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
^ Dyball, Rennie (2008-09-29). "Mindy McCready Going Back to Jail". people.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20229490,00.html. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
^ Breuer, Howard (October 31, 2008). "Mindy McCready Released From Jail". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20237282,00.html. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
^ "Artist Chart History – Mindy McCready: Albums". billboard.com. http://web.archive.org/web/20081221080544/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=147672&model.vnuAlbumId=397248. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
^ "Artist Chart History – Sara Evans: Albums". billboard.com. http://web.archive.org/web/20081221080549/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=183681&model.vnuAlbumId=344937. Retrieved 2008-11-03.

External links [link]

Official site
Mindy McCready at Allmusic
Mindy McCready at the Internet Movie Database

v t e Mindy McCready

Studio albums	Ten Thousand Angels (1996) If I Don't Stay the Night (1997) I'm Not So Tough (1999) Mindy McCready (2002) I'm Still Here (2010)

Notable singles	"Ten Thousand Angels" "Guys Do It All the Time" "Maybe He'll Notice Her Now" "A Girl's Gotta Do (What a Girl's Gotta Do)" "What If I Do" "You'll Never Know"

Related topics	BNA Records

Persondata
Name	McCready, Mindy
Alternative names	McCready, Malinda Gayle
Short description	Singer
Date of birth	November 30, 1975
Place of birth	Fort Myers, Florida, USA
Date of death
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindy_McCready

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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Contents

Events [link]

Births [link]

Deaths [link]

Holidays and observances [link]

External links [link]

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Related pages:

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Contents

Career [link]

Personal life [link]

Roger Clemens affair [link]

Sex tape [link]

Legal troubles [link]

Discography [link]

Studio albums [link]

Compilation and specialty albums [link]

Singles [link]

Guest singles [link]

Other charted songs [link]

Music videos [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

http://wn.com/Mindy_McCready

Related pages:

http://ru.wn.com/Маккриди, Минди

http://de.wn.com/Mindy McCready

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