Enlil with his wife, Ninlil

Part of a series on
Fertile Crescent mythology
Mesopotamian religion
Primordial beings Apsû & Tiamat Lahmu & Lahamu Anshar & Kishar Mummu
Seven gods who decree Four primary Anu Enlil Ki Enki Three sky Ishtar Sin Sama
The great gods Adad Annunaki Asaruludu Ashnan Enbilulu Enkimdu Ereshkigal Inanna Lahar Nanshe Nergal Nidaba Ningal Ninkasi Ninlil Ninsun Ninurta & his heroic mace Nusku Uttu
Demigods & heroes Adapa Enkidu Enmerkar Geshtinanna Gilgamesh Lugalbanda Shamhat Siduri Tammuz Utnapishtim
Spirits & monsters Good beings Humbaba Kingu Kishar Mamitu Siris Zu Evil beings Asag Edimmu Hanbi Kur Lamashtu Namtar Pazuzu Rabisu
Tales from Babylon Enûma Eliš Atra-Hasis Marduk & Sarpanit Agasaya Bel Kingu Mami Nabu
Other traditions
Arabian Levantine Near Eastern religions
v t e

Enlil (nlin), 𒂗𒇸 (EN = Lord + LÍL = Storm, "Lord (of the) Storm")^[1] was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in Sumerian religion, and later in Akkadian, Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets. The name is perhaps pronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as Ellil in later Akkadian, Hittite, and Canaanite literature. In later Akkadian, Enlil is the son of Anshar and Kishar.

Enlil was considered to be the god of breath, wind, loft and breadth (height and distance).^[2]

Origins[link]

One story names his origins as the exhausted breath of An (god of the heavens) and Ki (goddess of the Earth) after sexual union.

The myth of Enlil and Ninlil discusses when Enlil was a young god, he was banished from Dilmun, home of the gods, to Kur, the underworld for raping a goddess named Ninlil. Ninlil followed him to the underworld where she bore his first child, Nergal, and/or the moon god Sin (Sumerian Nanna/Suen). After fathering three more underworld-deities (substitutes for Sin), Enlil was allowed to return to Dilmun.^[3][4]

Enlil was known as the inventor of the mattock (a key agricultural pick, hoe, ax or digging tool of the Sumerians) and caused plants to grow.^[5]

Cosmological role[link]

Enlil, along with Anu/An, Enki and Ninhursag were gods of the Sumerians.^[6]

By his wife Ninlil or Sud, Enlil was father of the moon god Nanna/Suen (in Akkadian, Sin) and of Ninurta (also called Ningirsu). Enlil is the father of Nisaba the goddess of grain, of Pabilsag who is sometimes equated with Ninurta, and sometimes of Enbilulu. By Ereshkigal Enlil was father of Namtar.

In one myth, Enlil gives advice to his son, the god Ninurta, advising him on a strategy to slay the demon Asag. This advice is relayed to Ninurta by way of Sharur, his enchanted talking mace, which had been sent by Ninurta to the realm of the gods to seek counsel from Enlil directly.

Cultural histories[link]

Enlil is associated with the ancient city of Nippur, sometimes referred to as the cult city of Enlil.^[7] His temple was named Ekur, "House of the Mountain."^[8] Enlil was assimilated to the north "Pole of the Ecliptic".^[9] His sacred number name was 50.^[10]

As Enlil was the only god who could reach the heaven god An he held sway over the other gods who were assigned tasks by his agent and would travel to Nippur to draw in his power. He is thus seen as the model for kingship.^[11]

At a very early period prior to 3000 BC, Nippur had become the centre of a political district of considerable extent. Inscriptions found at Nippur, where extensive excavations were carried on during 1888–1900 by John P Peters and John Henry Haynes, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania, show that Enlil was the head of an extensive pantheon. Among the titles accorded to him are "king of lands", "king of heaven and earth", and "father of the gods".

His chief temple at Nippur was known as Ekur, signifying 'House of the mountain', and such was the sanctity acquired by this edifice that Babylonian and Assyrian rulers, down to the latest days, vied with one another in embellishing and restoring Enlil's seat of worship, and the name Ekur became the designation of a temple in general.

Grouped around the main sanctuary, there arose temples and chapels to the gods and goddesses who formed his court, so that Ekur became the name for an entire sacred precinct in the city of Nippur. The name "mountain house" suggests a lofty structure and was perhaps the designation originally of the staged tower at Nippur, built in imitation of a mountain, with the sacred shrine of the god on the top.

Enlil was also the God of weather. According to the Sumerians, Enlil helped create the humans, but then got tired of their noise and tried to kill them by sending a flood. A mortal known as Utnapishtim survived the flood through the help of another god, Ea, and he was made immortal by Enlil after Enlil's initial fury.

References[link]

External links[link]

• ETCSL "Enlil and Ninlil" and "Enlil and Sud": Unicode and ASCII.
• Gateway to Babylon: "Enlil and Ninlil", trans. Thorkild Jacobsen.
• ETCSL "Enlil in the Ekur": Unicode and ASCII.
• Houghton-Mifflin: A Hymn to the Sky-God Enlil.
• "The Song of the Hoe" in ETCSL—Songs, elegies and related compositions: Unicode and ASCII.

v t e Sumerian mythology An • Apsu • Anshar • Enki • Enlil • Isinu • Nammu • Antu • Ninki • Zu • Ninhursag • Ereshkigal • Hushbishag • Ishtar • Kingu • Nanna • Nebo • Nabu • Namtar • Nergal • Nidaba • Ningal • Ninisinna • Ninkasi • Ninlil • Sin • Tiamat • Utu • Nusku • Utukku • Shamash • Dumuzi • Gilgamesh • Geshtinanna • Gugalanna • Huwawa • Enkidu • Inanna

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2011)

Clive Barker
Clive Barker in 2007 at the EMP/Science Fiction Museum in Seattle.
Born	(1952-10-05) 5 October 1952 (age 59) Liverpool, England, UK
Occupation	Author, film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, playwright, painter, illustrator & visual artist
Nationality	British
Genres	Horror, Fantasy
Influences William Blake, William S. Burroughs, Jean Cocteau, H. P. Lovecraft, Edgar Allan Poe, Stephen King
Influenced Neil Gaiman, Alan Moore, John Sunseri, Dax Riggs
www.clivebarker.info

Clive Barker (born 5 October 1952) is an English author, film director and visual artist best known for his work in both fantasy and horror fiction. Barker came to prominence in the mid-1980s with a series of short stories which established him as a leading young horror writer. He has since written many novels and other works, and his fiction has been adapted into motion pictures, notably the Hellraiser and Candyman series.

Early life[link]

Clive Barker was born in Liverpool, England, the son of Joan Rubie (née Revill), a painter and school welfare officer, and Leonard Barker, a personnel director for an industrial relations firm.^[1][2] Educated at Dovedale Primary School and the former Quarry Bank High School now Calderstones Quarry Bank High School, he studied English and Philosophy at Liverpool University. The Damnation Game and Volume 2 of The Books of Blood are dedicated to John Gregson^[who?].

Personal life[link]

In 2003, Barker received The Davidson/Valentini Award at the 15th GLAAD Media Awards, presented "to an openly lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender individual who has made a significant difference in promoting equal rights for any of those communities".^[3] While Barker is critical of organized religion, he has identified himself as a Christian^[4] and has stated that the Bible influences his work.^[5]

Barker said in a December 2008 online interview (published March 2009) that he had polyps in his throat which were so severe that a doctor told him he was taking in ten percent of the air he was supposed to have been getting. He has had two surgeries to remove them and believes his resultant voice is an improvement over how it was prior to the surgeries. He said he did not have cancer and has given up cigars.^[6] On August 27, 2010, Barker underwent surgery yet again to remove new polyp growths from his throat. According to his website,^{[citation needed]} the surgery went well and was without complications.

In early February 2012 Barker fell into a coma after a dentist visit led to blood poisoning. Barker remained in a coma for seven days but eventually came out of it. Fans were notified on his Twitter page about some of the experience and that Barker was recovering after the ordeal, but left with many strange visions.

"My friends, Clive here. I'm at home now after a while in hospital, thanks to a nearly fatal case of Toxic Shock brought on by a visit to my dentist. Apparently this is not uncommon. In my case the dental work unloaded such a spillage of poisonous bacteria into my blood that my whole system crashed, putting me into a coma. I spent several days in Intensive Care, with a machine breathing for me. Later, my Doctors said that they had not anticipated a happy ending until I started to fight, repeatedly pulling out the tubes that I was constantly gagging on. After a few days of nightmarish delusions I woke up to my life again, tired, twenty pounds lighter but happy to be back from a very dark place. And here in the world I intend to stay. I've books to write, films to make and paintings to paint. I seem to have come home with my sight clearer somehow, and my sense of purpose intensified. Thank you all for your messages your prayers and love. What better reason to wake to life than knowing I have such friends? Again, thank you. My love to"^[7]

Relationships[link]

Barker has been openly gay^[8] since the early 1990s, first mentioning his dating life to US audiences in The Advocate magazine.^{[citation needed]}

Writing career[link]

Barker is one of the leading authors^{[citation needed]} of contemporary horror/fantasy, writing in the horror genre early in his career, mostly in the form of short stories (collected in Books of Blood 1 – 6), and the Faustian novel The Damnation Game (1985). Later he moved towards modern-day fantasy and urban fantasy with horror elements in Weaveworld (1987), The Great and Secret Show (1989), the world-spanning Imajica (1991) and Sacrament (1996), bringing in the deeper, richer concepts of reality, the nature of the mind and dreams, and the power of words and memories.

Barker's distinctive style is characterized by the notion of hidden fantastical worlds coexisting with our own, the role of sexuality in the supernatural and the construction of coherent, complex and detailed universes. Barker has referred to this style as "dark fantasy" or the "fantastique". His stories are notable for a deliberate blurring of the distinction between binary opposites such as hell and heaven, or pleasure and pain (the latter particularly so in The Hellbound Heart).

When the Books of Blood were first published in the United States in paperback, Stephen King was quoted on the book covers: "I have seen the future of horror, his name is Clive Barker."^[9] Critical studies of Barker's work include Clive Barker's Short Stories (1994) by Gary Hoppenstand^[10] and an essay in S. T. Joshi's The Modern Weird Tale (2001). As influences on his writing, Barker lists Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe, Ray Bradbury, William S. Burroughs, William Blake, and Jean Cocteau, among others.^[11]

He is also the writer of the best-selling Abarat series, and plans on producing two more novels in the series.

Barker's basic philosophy and approach are revealed in his foreword to H.R. Giger's illustrated work, "Necronomicon."

Film work[link]

Barker has a keen interest in movie production, although his films have received mixed receptions. He wrote the screenplays for Underworld (aka Transmutations – 1985) and Rawhead Rex (1986), both directed by George Pavlou.^[12] Displeased by how his material was handled, he moved to directing with Hellraiser (1987), based on his novella The Hellbound Heart. His early movies, the shorts The Forbidden and Salome, are experimental art movies with surrealist elements, which have been re-released together to moderate critical acclaim. After his film Nightbreed (Cabal), which was widely considered to be a flop, Barker returned to write and direct Lord of Illusions. Barker was an executive producer of the film Gods and Monsters, which received major critical acclaim. He had been working on a series of movie adaptations of his The Abarat Quintet books under Disney's management, but has admitted that because of creative differences, this project will not go ahead. He is developing a film based on his Tortured Souls line of toys from McFarlane Toys.

In October 2006, Barker announced through his official website that he will be writing the script to a forthcoming remake of the original Hellraiser movie.^[13][14]

A short story titled "The Forbidden", from Barker's Books of Blood, provided the basis for the film Candyman and its two sequels.

Japanese director Ryuhei Kitamura directed the 2008 film Midnight Meat Train from Jeff Buhler's screenplay based on Barker's short story of the same name for Lakeshore Entertainment and Lionsgate.

In 2008, a movie was made from one of his "Book of Blood" short stories.^[15] Clive Barker's Book of Blood was moderately well received, but was not very profitable.

In 2009 Barker's short story Dread (also from the Books of Blood) was made into a film and received good reviews. Dread (2009) on IMDb

Visual art and plays[link]

Barker is a prolific visual artist working in a variety of media, often illustrating his own books. His paintings have been seen first on the covers of his official fan club magazine, Dread, published by Fantaco in the early '90s; on the covers of the collections of his plays, Incarnations (1995) and Forms of Heaven (1996); and on the second printing of the original UK publications of his Books of Blood series. Barker also provided the artwork for his young adult novel The Thief of Always and for the Abarat series. His artwork is exhibited at Bert Green Fine Art in Chicago, IL, and in the past has been shown at the Bess Cutler Gallery in New York and La Luz De Jesus in Los Angeles. Many of his sketches and paintings can be found in the collection Clive Barker, Illustrator, published in 1990 by Arcane/Eclipse Books, and in Visions of Heaven and Hell, published in 2005 by Rizzoli Books. The most complete selection of Clive Barker's paintings and drawings are available to view in a gallery setting on the website.

He worked on the creative side of a horror video game, Clive Barker's Undying, providing the voice for the character Ambrose. Undying was developed by DreamWorks Interactive and released in 2001. He also worked on Clive Barker's Jericho for Codemasters, which was released in late 2007.

Barker created Halloween costume designs for Disguise Costumes^[16][17]

Comic books[link]

A longtime comics fan, Barker achieved his dream of publishing his own superhero books when Marvel Comics launched the Razorline imprint in 1993. Based on detailed premises, titles and lead characters he created specifically for this, the four interrelated titles — set outside the Marvel universe — were Ectokid (written first by James Robinson, then by future Matrix co-creator Larry Wachowski, with art by Steve Skroce), Hokum & Hex (written by Frank Lovece, art by Anthony Williams), Hyperkind (written by Fred Burke, art by Paris Cullins and Bob Petrecca) and Saint Sinner (written by Elaine Lee, art by Max Douglas). A 2002 Barker telefilm titled Saint Sinner bore no relation to the comic.

Barker horror adaptations and spinoffs in comics include the Marvel/Epic Comics series Hellraiser, Nightbreed, Pinhead, The Harrowers, Book of the Damned, and Jihad; Eclipse Books' series and graphic novels Tapping The Vein, Dread, Son of Celluloid, Revelations The Life of Death, Rawhead Rex and The Yattering and Jack, and Dark Horse Comics' Primal, among others. Barker served as a consultant and wrote issues of the Hellraiser anthology comic book.

In 2005, IDW published a three-issue adaptation of Barker's children's fantasy novel The Thief of Always, written and painted by Kris Oprisko and Gabriel Hernandez. IDW is publishing a 12 issue adaptation of Barker's novel The Great and Secret Show.

In December 2007, Chris Ryall and Clive Barker announced an upcoming collaboration of an original comic book series, Torakator, to be published by IDW.^[18]

In October 2009, IDW published Seduth (Written by Clive Barker and Chris Monfette; art by Gabriel Rodriguez; colors by Jay Fotos; letters by Neil Uyetake; edits by Chris Ryall; and 3-D conversion by Ray Zone), the first time Barker has created a world specifically for the comic book medium in two decades. The work was released with three variant covers; cover a featuring art by Gabriel Rodriguez and cover b with art by Clive Barker and the third is a "retailer incentive signed edition cover" with art by Clive Barker.^[19]

Bibliography[link]

Novels[link]

• (1985) The Damnation Game
• (1986) The Hellbound Heart
• (1987) Weaveworld
• (1988) Cabal
• (1989) The Great and Secret Show (first "Book of the Art")
• (1991) Imajica
• (1992) The Thief of Always
• (1994) Everville (second "Book of the Art")
• (1996) Sacrament
• (1998) Galilee
• (2001) Coldheart Canyon: A Hollywood Ghost Story
• (2001) Tortured Souls (novelette)
• (2002) Abarat (first book of the Abarat Quintet)
• (2004) Abarat: Days of Magic, Nights of War (second book of the Abarat Quintet)
• (2007) Mister B. Gone
• (2009) Mr. Maximillian Bacchus And His Travelling Circus (limited run by Bad Moon Books)
• (2011) Absolute Midnight (third book of the Abarat Quintet)
• (?) The Candle in the Cloud (limited run by Bad Moon Books)
• (?) The Scarlet Gospels ( featuring the characters and universe that first appeared in The Hellbound Heart centering on the character of Pinhead and Harry D'Amour, from The Last Illusion, The Great and Secret Show, Everville and the film Lord of Illusions.
• (?) Abarat: The Dynasty of Dreamers (The fourth book of the Abarat Quintet)
• (?) Galilee 2 (Clive Barker has expressed that he will work on this book after he has written the Abarat Quintet)
• (?) The Art 3 (Clive Barker has expressed that he will work on this book after he has written the Abarat Quintet)
• (?) Abarat: The Eternal (Working title)
• (?) Thief of Always 2
• (?) Cabal 2 and 3

Collections[link]

• (1984–1985) Books of Blood (vols. 1 through 6 were released between 1984 and 1985. vols. 4 through 6 were published in the U.S. as The Inhuman Condition (volume 4), In the Flesh (volume 5), and Cabal (volume 6, though the title novella is original to this edition and replaces one of the volume's stories).)
• (1985) Cabal (titular novella was also published as a Nightbreed mass market paperback)
• (1987) The Inhuman Condition
• (1987) In the Flesh
• (1990) Clive Barker, Illustrator
• (1992) Illustrator II: The Art of Clive Barker
• (1995) Incarnations: Three Plays
• (1996) Forms of Heaven: Three Plays
• (2000) The Essential Clive Barker: Selected Fiction
• (2005) Visions of Heaven and Hell
• (?) Black Is the Devil's Rainbow: Tales of a Journeyman

Biographies[link]

• (1991) Clive Barker's Shadows in Eden A collection of essays written by multiple authors and friends of Barker's discussing production on his movies and interspersed with early sketches and drawings, along with snippets from various interviews. Edited by Stephen Jones.
• (2002) Clive Barker: The Dark Fantastic by Douglas E. Winter
• (2009) Memory, Prophecy and Fantasy: The World and Works of Clive Barker – Volume 1. A retrospective look at the background to Barker's published work from his earliest creative years. It includes many otherwise unpublished texts, artwork and photographic pieces alongside a detailed study of his fringe theatre work, written by Phil and Sarah Stokes who run his official website, Revelations.
• (2010) Memory, Prophecy and Fantasy: The World and Works of Clive Barker – Volume 2. A second volume of the retrospective study of Barker's work again includes many otherwise unpublished texts and artwork from direct access to Barker's archives, written by Phil and Sarah Stokes.^[20]

Nonfiction[link]

• (2011) The Painter, The Creature and The Father of Lies: Essays by Clive Barker Collection of Barker's essays and non-fiction writing. According to the Revelations website, the collection includes "introductions to both his own work and the works of others, newspaper and magazine articles, tributes and appreciations and other contributions to books". Published through Earthling Publications in October 2011.^[21]
• (2011) Beneath The Surface of Clive Barker's Abarat Companion volume to Barker's Abarat series. Published in 2011, the volume illustrates Barker's working methods, preliminary sketches, artwork and drafts and includes an extended interview with Barker by Abarat readers in an Alaskan school.^[22]

Filmography[link]

Year	Title	Director	Producer	Writer
1973	Salome	N
1978	The Forbidden	N
1985	Transmutations			N
1986	Rawhead Rex			N
1987	Hellraiser	N		N
1988	Hellbound: Hellraiser II		N
1990	Nightbreed	N
1992	Hellraiser III: Hell on Earth		N
	Candyman		N
1995	Lord of Illusions	N
1996	Hellraiser: Bloodline		N
1998	Gods and Monsters		N
2006	The Plague		N
2008	Book of Blood			N
	The Midnight Meat Train		N
2009	Dread		N
2013	Hellraiser		N
TBA	Tortured Souls: Animae Damnatae	N
TBA	Born		N

Video games[link]

• Clive Barker's Undying
• Clive Barker's Demonik (cancelled)
• Clive Barker's Jericho
• Clive Barker's Nightbreed: The Action Game
• Clive Barker's Nightbreed: The Interactive Movie

See also[link]

Horror portal

• Cenobite
• Lemarchand's box
• List of horror fiction authors
• Splatterpunk

References[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Clive Barker

External links[link]

• Revelations – The Official Clive Barker Website – Includes a full bibliography, filmography, artwork, links and frequently updated news.
• The Beautiful Moment – The Official Clive Barker Website for All Ages – For younger readers – features Abarat and The Thief of Always.
• Bert Green Fine Art – Art gallery exhibiting Clive Barker artwork.
• Clive Barker Imaginer – The Clive Barker art archive, paintings, drawings, photography and conceptual work.
• Clive Barker at the Internet Movie Database
• Clive Barker at AllRovi
• Clive Barker at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Clive Barker at ComicBookDB.com
• Works by or about Clive Barker in libraries (WorldCat catalog)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010)

Bob Dean (December 17, 1929 – May 10, 2007) was a kicker and two-way lineman with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League.

Dean played college football at the University of Maryland, where he lettered from 1948 to 1950. He graduated with a BA degree in education. He enjoyed three highly successful years with the Eskimos dynasty. He played in three Grey Cup games, from 1954 to 1956, against the Montreal Alouettes, winning all of them. His convert on Jackie Parker's famous 90 yard fumble return won the 42nd Grey Cup classic.

Dean retired from playing after the 1956 season (though he did play one game for the Montreal Alouettes in 1957) but made Edmonton his home and continued to coach. He was a teacher at Victoria Composite where he coached of City Senior Football Champions in 1966 and 1967. At Bonnie Doon Composite, where he was assistant principal, they won two City Senior Football titles (1971 and 1972 City and Provincial Champion) with Dean as Defensive Coordinator of the Lancers. (Ken Brice was Head Coach). Later he was principal at Victoria and at M.E. Lazerte Composite High School where he coached his teams to four more City Senior Football championships.

He later served on the Edmonton Police Commission and the Edmonton Public School Board.

Further reading[link]

• Obituary, CFL.

This biographical article relating to Canadian football is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e