- published: 13 Oct 2011
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- author: jartxosound
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- Amsterdam
- Andrés Duany
- Architect
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Amsterdam
Amsterdam (English /ˈæmstərdæm/; Dutch: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm] (
listen)) is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The city's status as the capital of the nation is governed by the constitution. Amsterdam has a population of 790,654 within city limits, an urban population of 1,209,419 and a metropolitan population of 2,289,762. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million.
Amsterdam's name is derived from Amstelredamme, indicative of the city's origin: a dam in the river Amstel. Settled as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age, a result of its innovative developments in trade. During that time, the city was the leading center for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city expanded, and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were formed. The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam (in Dutch: 'Grachtengordel'), located in the heart of Amsterdam, were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in July 2010.
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Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
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Beijing
Beijing ( /beɪˈdʒɪŋ/; Chinese: 北京; pinyin: Běijīng, [peɪ˨˩ t͡ɕiŋ˥]), formerly romanized as Peking ( /piːˈkɪŋ/ or /peɪˈkɪŋ/), is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The metropolis, located in northern China, is governed as a direct-controlled municipality under the national government, with 14 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties. Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.
Beijing is China's second largest city by urban population after Shanghai and is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's largest state-owned companies. Beijing is a major transportation hub in the national highway, expressway, railway and high-speed rail network. Beijing's Capital International Airport is the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic.
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Belgium
Belgium (
i/ˈbɛldʒəm/ BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region. A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government.
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Berlin
Berlin ( /bɜrˈlɪn/; German pronunciation: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] ( listen)) is the capital city of Germany and one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.5 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city and is the second most populous city proper and the eighth most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has 5.9 million residents from over 190 nations. Located in the European Plains, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1918), the German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the Third Reich (1933–1945).Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world. After World War II, the city became divided into East Berlin—the capital of East Germany—and West Berlin, a West German exclave surrounded by the Berlin Wall (1961–1989). Following German reunification in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of Germany, hosting 147 foreign embassies.
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Black Country
Coordinates: 52°32′N 2°2′W / 52.533°N 2.033°W / 52.533; -2.033
The Black Country is a loosely defined area of the English West Midlands conurbation, to the north and west of Birmingham, and to the south and east of Wolverhampton. During the industrial revolution in the 19th century this area had become one of the most intensely industrialised in the nation. The South Staffordshire coal mines, the coal coking operations, and the iron foundries and steel mills that used the local coal to fire their furnaces, produced a level of air pollution that had few equals anywhere in the world.
The Black Country is relatively recent as a concept and identity, the expression deriving from the 1840s. It is popularly believed that the area got its name because of pollution from these heavy industries that covered the area in black soot. There is an anecdote (of dubious authenticity) about Queen Victoria ordering the blinds lowered on her carriage as the royal train passed through[citation needed]. However, historians[who?] suggest that it is more likely that the name existed even before the Industrial Revolution; outcroppings of black coal scarred the surface of the local heath, and the presence of coal so near the surface rendered the local soil very black.
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Brussels
Brussels (French: Bruxelles, pronounced [bʁysɛl] ( listen); Dutch: Brussel, pronounced [ˈbrʏ.səɫ] ( listen); German: Brüssel, pronounced [ˈbʁyː.səl]), officially the Brussels Region or Brussels-Capital Region (French: Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (help·info), Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest (help·info)), is the capital of Belgium and the de facto capital of the European Union (EU). It is also the largest urban area in Belgium, comprising 19 municipalities, including the municipality of the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium, in addition to the seat of the French Community of Belgium and of the Flemish Community.
Brussels has grown from a 10th-century fortress town founded by a descendant of Charlemagne into a metropolis of more than one million inhabitants. The metropolitan area has a population of over 1.8 million, making it the largest in Belgium.
Since the end of the Second World War, Brussels has been a main centre for international politics. Hosting principal EU institutions as well as the headquarters of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the city has become the polyglot home of numerous international organisations, politicians, diplomats and civil servants.
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Canada
Canada ( /ˈkænədə/) is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean. Spanning over 9,900,000 km2 (3,800,000 sq mi), Canada is the world's second-largest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the longest land border in the world.
The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, along the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy; the Canada Act 1982 severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Britain.
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Chicago
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States, with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors. Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles. Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
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Croatia
Croatia (i/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.
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Derbyshire
Coordinates: 53°8′N 1°36′W / 53.133°N 1.6°W / 53.133; -1.6
Derbyshire (i/ˈdɑrbɨʃə/ DAR-bi-shər or /ˈdɑrbɪʃɪər/ DAR-bi-sheer; abbreviated Derbys. or Derbs.) is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The southern extremity of the Pennine range of hills extends into the north of the county. The county contains within its boundary of approximately 225 miles part of the National Forest. It borders on Greater Manchester to the northwest, West Yorkshire to the north, South Yorkshire to the northeast, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the southeast, Staffordshire to the west and southwest and Cheshire also to the west. In 2003 the Ordnance Survey placed Church Flatts farm, near Coton in the Elms, as the furthest point from the sea in Great Britain.
The city of Derby is now a unitary authority area, but remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire. The non-metropolitan county contains 30 towns with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants. There is a large amount of sparsely populated agricultural upland: 75% of the population live in 25% of the area.[citation needed]
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East Sussex
East Sussex ( /ˈsʌsɨks/) is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the south by the English Channel.
East Sussex is part of the historic county of Sussex, which has its roots in the ancient kingdom of the South Saxons, who established themselves there in the 5th century AD, after the departure of the Romans. Archaeological remains are plentiful, especially in the upland areas. The area's position on the coast has also meant that there were many invaders, including the Romans and later the Normans. Earlier industries have included fishing, iron-making, and the wool trade, all of which have declined, or been lost completely.
Sussex is traditionally divided into six sub-divisions known as rapes. From the 12th century the three eastern rapes and the three western rapes each had separate quarter sessions, with the county town of the three eastern rapes being Lewes. This situation was formalised by Parliament in 1865, and the two parts were made into administrative counties, each with distinct elected county councils in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888. In East Sussex there were also three self-administered county boroughs: Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Essex
Essex ( /ˈɛsɨks/) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East of England, and one of the home counties. It is located to the northeast of Greater London. It borders with Cambridgeshire and Suffolk to the north, Hertfordshire to the west, Kent to the South and London to the south west. Essex County Council is the principal local authority for much of the county, sharing functions with twelve district councils. The county town is Chelmsford. The southern Essex boroughs of Thurrock and Southend-on-Sea are governed separately as unitary authorities. It was established in antiquity and formed the eastern portion of the Kingdom of Essex. Sections of the county closer to London are part of the Metropolitan Green Belt, which prohibits development. It is the location of the regionally significant Lakeside Shopping Centre and London Stansted Airport; and the new towns of Basildon and Harlow.
The name Essex originates in the Anglo-Saxon period of the Early Middle Ages and has its root in the Old English Ēastseaxe (i.e. the "East Saxons"), the eastern kingdom of the Saxons. Originally (in 527 AD) it occupied territory to the north of the River Thames, incorporating all of what later became Middlesex and most of what later became Hertfordshire, though its territory was later restricted to lands east of the River Lea.Colchester in the north east of the county is Britain's oldest recorded town, dating back to before the Roman conquest, when it was known as Camulodunum and was sufficiently well-developed to have its own mint. Subsequently the Kingdom of Essex was subsumed into the Kingdom of England and Essex eventually became a county.
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Gamla stan
Gamla stan (The Old Town), until 1980 officially Staden mellan broarna (The Town between the Bridges), is the old town of Stockholm, Sweden. Gamla stan consists primarily of the island Stadsholmen. The surrounding islets Riddarholmen, Helgeandsholmen, and Strömsborg are officially part of, but not colloquially included in, Gamla stan. The word "stan" is simply a contraction of the word "staden" ("sta'n"), meaning "the town."
The town dates back to the 13th century, and consists of medieval alleyways, cobbled streets, and archaic architecture. North German architecture has had a strong influence in the Old Town's construction.
Stortorget is the name of the scenic large square in the centre of Gamla Stan, which is surrounded by old merchants' houses including the Stockholm Stock Exchange Building. The square was the site of the Stockholm Bloodbath, where Swedish noblemen were massacred by the Danish King Christian II in November, 1520. The following revolt and civil war led to the dissolution of the Kalmar Union and the subsequent election of King Gustav I.
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Hertfordshire
Hertfordshire (i/ˈhɑrtfərdʃɪər/ or /ˈhɑrfərdʃər/; abbreviated Herts) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in the East region of England. The county town is Hertford.
Hertfordshire is one of the home counties and lies inland, bordered by Greater London (to the south), Buckinghamshire (to the west), Bedfordshire (including the unitary authorities of Luton and Central Bedfordshire to the north), Cambridgeshire (to the north east) and Essex (to the east).
Hertfordshire was originally the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. The name Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire first appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature prominently in many county emblems.
There is evidence of human beings living in Hertfordshire since the Middle Stone Age. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.
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Illinois
Illinois (i/ˌɪlɨˈnɔɪ/ IL-i-NOY) is the 25th most extensive and the 5th most populous of the 50 United States, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is a major transportation hub. The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean; as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois River. For decades, O'Hare International Airport has ranked as one of the world's busiest airports. Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics.
Although the state's largest population centers today are in northern Illinois, originally the state's population grew from south to north, with settlers arriving from Kentucky in the 1810s. In 1818, Illinois achieved statehood. Chicago was founded in the 1830s on the banks of the Chicago River, one of the few natural harbors on southern Lake Michigan. Railroads and John Deere's invention of the self-scouring steel plow turned Illinois' rich prairie into some of the world's most productive and valuable farmlands, attracting immigrant farmers from Germany and Sweden. By 1900, the growth of industrial jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars. The Great Migration established a large community of African Americans in Chicago that created the city's famous jazz and blues cultures.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (i/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.), making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.
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Leicestershire
Leicestershire (i/ˈlɛstəʃɪər/ or /ˈlɛstərʃər/ or /ˈlɛstəʃə/; abbreviation Leics.) is a landlocked county in the English Midlands. It takes its name from the heavily populated City of Leicester, traditionally its administrative centre, although the City of Leicester unitary authority is today administered separately from the rest of Leicestershire. The county borders Derbyshire to the north-west, Nottinghamshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Warwickshire to the south-west, Staffordshire to the west, Lincolnshire to the north-east, and Northamptonshire to the south-east. The border with Warwickshire is Watling Street (the A5).
County Hall, situated in Glenfield, about 3 miles (5 km) north-west of Leicester city centre, is the seat of Leicestershire County Council and the headquarters of the county authority. The City of Leicester is administered from offices in Leicester itself and the City Council meets at Leicester Town Hall.
The River Soar rises to the east of Hinckley, in the far south of the county, and flows northward through Leicester before emptying into the River Trent at the point where Derbyshire, Leicestershire, and Nottinghamshire meet. A large part of the north-west of the county, around Coalville, forms part of the new National Forest area extending into Derbyshire and Staffordshire. The highest point of the county is Bardon Hill at 278 metres (912 ft), which is also a Marilyn.
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Manhattan
Manhattan (/mænˈhætən/) is the most densely populated and the oldest of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the U.S. state of New York. The borough and county consist of Manhattan Island and several small adjacent islands: Roosevelt Island, Randall's Island, Wards Island, Governors Island, Liberty Island, part of Ellis Island,Mill Rock, and U Thant Island; as well as Marble Hill, a very small area on the mainland bordering the Bronx. The original city of New York began at the southern end of Manhattan, expanded northward, and then between 1874 and 1898, annexed land from surrounding counties.
The New York County is the most densely populated county in the United States, and one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a 2010 population of 1,585,873 living in a land area of 22.96 square miles (59.5 km2), or 69,464 residents per square mile (26,924/km²), more dense than any individual American city. It is also one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a 2005 per capita income above $100,000. Manhattan is the third-largest of New York's five boroughs in population, and its smallest borough in land area.
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Melbourne
Melbourne ([ˈmelbən, -bn̩, ˈmæl-],rhotically /ˈmɛlbərn/) is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2010, the greater geographical area had an approximate population of four million. Inhabitants of Melbourne are called Melburnians or Melbournians.
The metropolis is located on the large natural bay known as Port Phillip, with the city centre positioned at the estuary of the Yarra River (at the northernmost point of the bay). The metropolitan area then extends south from the city centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterland. The city centre is situated in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and the metropolitan area consists of a further 30 municipalities.
Melbourne was founded in 1835 (47 years after the European settlement of Australia) by settlers from Launceston in Van Diemen's Land. It was named by governor Richard Bourke in 1837, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb—the 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Melbourne was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847. In 1851, it became the capital city of the newly created colony of Victoria. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it then served as the interim seat of government of the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.
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Moss Side
Coordinates: 53°27′22″N 2°14′24″W / 53.456°N 2.240°W / 53.456; -2.240
Moss Side is an inner-city area and electoral ward of Manchester, England. It lies 1.9 miles (3.1 km) south of Manchester city centre and has a population of around 17,537. Moss Side is bounded by the neighbourhoods of Hulme (north), Chorlton-on-Medlock, Rusholme, Fallowfield, Whalley Range, and Old Trafford (west), going clockwise.
In and around Moss Side are the public parks of Whitworth Park and Alexandra Park. The east of Moss Side is close to the Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan universities and is a popular area for students to live. Between 1923 and 2003, Moss Side was the location of Manchester City's stadium, at Maine Road.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Moss Side was formerly a rural township and chapelry within the parish of Manchester and hundred of Salford. Following the Industrial Revolution there was a process of unplanned urbanisation and a rapid increase in population size. The industrial growth of the area resulted in a densely populated area, so much so, that a part of the township of Moss Side was amalgamated into the expanding city of Manchester in 1885, with the rest joining in 1904.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] (
listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km2), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann pronounced [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] ( listen), Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann or Norlin Airlan) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. As of 2001, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom. Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, Northern Ireland is largely self-governing. According to the agreement, Northern Ireland co-operates with the rest of Ireland – from which it was partitioned in 1921 — on some policy areas, while other areas are reserved for the Government of the United Kingdom, though the Republic of Ireland "may put forward views and proposals".
Northern Ireland was for many years the site of a violent and bitter inter-communal conflict — the Troubles — which was caused by divisions between nationalists, who are predominantly Roman Catholic, and unionists, who are predominantly Protestant. Unionists want Northern Ireland to remain as a part of the United Kingdom, and generally see themselves as British, while nationalists wish for it to be politically reunited with the rest of Ireland, independent of British rule, and generally see themselves as Irish. Additionally, people from both sides of the community may describe themselves as Northern Irish. Since 1998, most of the paramilitary groups involved in the Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns.
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Nottinghamshire
Nottinghamshire ( /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃər/ or /ˈnɒtɪŋəmʃɪər/; abbreviated Notts) is a county in the East Midlands of England, bordering South Yorkshire to the north-west, Lincolnshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south, and Derbyshire to the west. The traditional county town is Nottingham, though the county council is based in West Bridgford in the borough of Rushcliffe, at a site facing Nottingham over the River Trent.
The districts of Nottinghamshire are Ashfield, Bassetlaw, Broxtowe, Gedling, Mansfield, Newark and Sherwood, and Rushcliffe. The City of Nottingham was administratively part of Nottinghamshire between 1974 and 1998 but is now a unitary authority, remaining part of Nottinghamshire for ceremonial purposes.
As of 2006 the county is estimated to have a population of just over one million. Over half of the population of the county live in the Greater Nottingham conurbation (which continues into Derbyshire). The conurbation has a population of about 650,000, though less than half live within the city boundaries.
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Oldham
Coordinates: 53°32′40″N 2°07′01″W / 53.5444°N 2.1169°W / 53.5444; -2.1169
Oldham (
/ˈoʊldəm/) is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies amid the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock, 5.3 miles (8.5 km) south-southeast of Rochdale, and 6.9 miles (11.1 km) northeast of the city of Manchester. Oldham is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, of which Oldham is the administrative centre.
Historically a part of Lancashire, and with little early history to speak of, Oldham rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and among the first ever industrialised towns, rapidly becoming "one of the most important centres of cotton and textile industries in England". At its zenith, it was the most productive cotton spinning mill town in the world, spinning more cotton than France and Germany combined. Oldham's textile industry began to fall into decline during the mid-20th century, and its last mill closed in 1998.
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Plymouth
Plymouthi/ˈplɪməθ/ is a city and unitary authority area on the south coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km) south-west of London. It is situated between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound. Since 1967, the City of Plymouth has included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock, which are on the east side of the River Plym.
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age, when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This settlement continued to grow as a trading post for the Roman Empire, until the more prosperous village of Sutton, the current Plymouth, surpassed it. In 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New World and established Plymouth Colony – the second English settlement in what is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.
Throughout the Industrial Revolution, Plymouth grew as a major commercial shipping port, handling imports and passengers from the Americas, while the neighbouring town of Devonport grew as an important Royal Naval shipbuilding and dockyard town. In 1914 the three neighbouring and independent towns, viz., the county borough of Plymouth, the county borough of Devonport, and the urban district of East Stonehouse were merged to form a single County Borough. The new, merged town took the name of Plymouth which, in 1928, achieved city status. The city's naval importance later led to its targeting and partial destruction during World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz. After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Serbia
Serbiai/ˈsɜrbiə/, officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian: Република Србија / Republika Srbija, pronounced [rɛpǔblika sř̩bija]), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; additionally, it borders Albania through Kosovo, whose status as part of Serbia is disputed. Serbia covers an area of 88,361 km2 and has a population of just over 7.1 million, while the capital and largest city is Belgrade.
The arrival of the Serbs to the Balkans in the 7th century, established several states, eventually forming the Serbian Empire in the 14th century. By the 16th century, Serbia was conquered and occupied by the Ottoman Empire, at times interrupted by the Habsburgs. In the early 19th century the Serbian revolution re-established the country as the region's first constitutional monarchy, which subsequently expanded its territory and pioneered the abolition of feudalism in the Balkans. The former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina united with Serbia in 1918. Following World War I, Serbia formed Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples which existed in several forms up until 2006, when the National Assembly of Serbia declared independence and the legal succession to the former State Union. In February 2008 the parliament of UNMIK-governed Kosovo, Serbia's southern province, declared independence, with mixed responses from international governments.
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Sheffield
Sheffieldi/ˈʃɛfiːld/ is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base. The population of the City of Sheffield is 555,500 (2010 est.) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the English Core Cities Group.
During the 19th century, Sheffield gained an international reputation for steel production. Many innovations were developed locally, including crucible and stainless steel, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population during the Industrial Revolution. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in traditional local industries during the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area.
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Shrewsbury
Coordinates: 52°42′28″N 2°45′15″W / 52.7077°N 2.7541°W / 52.7077; -2.7541
Shrewsbury (i/ˈʃruːzbri/ or i/ˈʃroʊzbri/) is the county town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England. Lying on the River Severn, it is a borough home to some 96,000 inhabitants, and is the primary settlement and headquarters of Shropshire Council. It is the second largest town in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, after Telford.
Shrewsbury is a historic market town with the town centre having a largely unaltered medieval street plan. The town features over 660 historic listed buildings, including several examples of timber framing from the 15th and 16th century. Shrewsbury Castle, a red sandstone castle fortification, and Shrewsbury Abbey, a former Benedictine monastery, were founded in 1074 and 1083 respectively, by the Norman Earl of Shrewsbury, Roger de Montgomery. The town hosts one of the oldest and largest horticultural events in the country, Shrewsbury Flower Show, and is known for its floral displays, having won various awards since the turn of the 21st century, including Britain in Bloom in 2006.
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Shropshire
Shropshire ( /ˈʃrɒpʃər/ or /ˈʃrɒpʃɪər/; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops) is a county in the West Midlands region of England. It borders Wales to the west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. A unitary authority (Shropshire Council) was created on 1 April 2009, taking over from the previous county council and 5 district councils, and covers most of the county. The borough of Telford and Wrekin, included in Shropshire for ceremonial purposes, has been a separate unitary authority since 1998.
The county's population and economy is centred on five towns: the county town of Shrewsbury, which is culturally and historically important and is located in the centre of the county;Telford, a new town in the east which was constructed around a number of older towns, most notably Wellington, Dawley and Madeley, which is today the most populous; and Oswestry in the north-west, Bridgnorth just to the south of Telford, and Ludlow in the south. The county has many further smaller towns, including Whitchurch in the north, Newport just to the north-east of Telford, and Market Drayton in the north-east of the county.
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Singapore
Singapore (i/ˈsɪŋəpɔər/ SI-ngə-pohr), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, 137 kilometres (85 mi) north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the Singapore Strait to its south. Singapore is highly urbanised but almost half of the country is covered by greenery. More land is being created for development through land reclamation.
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Snickelways of York
Coordinates: 53°57′29″N 1°04′55″W / 53.958°N 1.082°W / 53.958; -1.082
The Snickelways of York, often misspelt Snickleways, are a collection of small streets and footpaths in the city of York, England. The word Snickelway was coined by local author Mark W. Jones in 1983 in his book A Walk Around the Snickelways of York, and is a portmanteau of the words snicket, meaning a passageway between walls or fences, ginnel, a narrow passageway between or through buildings, and alleyway, a narrow street or lane. Although the word is a neologism, it quickly became part of the local vocabulary, and has even been used in official council documents, for example when giving notice of temporary footpath closures.
The snickelways themselves are usually small paths or lanes between buildings, not wide enough for a vehicle to pass down, and usually public rights of way. Jones provides the following definition for them:
A Snickelway is a narrow place to walk along, leading from somewhere to somewhere else, usually in a town or city, especially in the city of York.
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Stockholm
Stockholm (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈstɔkːˈhɔlm, ˈstɔkːˈɔlm, ˈstɔkːɔlm]( listen to the second one)) is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 864,324 in the municipality (2010), 1.4 million in the urban area (2010), and around 2.1 million in the 6,519 km2 (2,517.00 sq mi) metropolitan area (2010). As of 2010, the Stockholm metropolitan area is home to approximately 22% of Sweden's population.
Founded no later than c. 1250, possibly as early as 1187, Stockholm has long been one of Sweden's cultural, media, political, and economic centres. Its strategic location on 14 islands on the south-central east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago, has been historically important. Stockholm has been nominated by GaWC as a global city, with a ranking of Alpha-. In The 2008 Global Cities Index, Stockholm ranked 24th in the world, 10th in Europe, and first in Scandinavia. Stockholm is known for its beauty, its buildings and architecture, its abundant clean and open water, and its many parks. It is sometimes referred to as Venice of the North.
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Tokyo
Tokyo (東京, Tōkyō?, "Eastern Capital") [toːkʲoː], English /ˈtoʊki.oʊ/; officially Tokyo Metropolis (東京都, Tōkyō-to?), is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of the world. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family. Tokyo is in the Kantō region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture (東京府, Tōkyō-fu?) and the city of Tokyo (東京市, Tōkyō-shi?).
The Tokyo Metropolitan government administers the 23 special wards of Tokyo (each governed as a city), which cover the area that was the city of Tokyo, as well as 39 municipalities in the western part of the prefecture and the two outlying island chains. The population of the special wards is over 8 million people, with the total population of the prefecture exceeding 13 million. The prefecture is part of the world's most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 35 million people and the world's largest urban agglomeration economy with a GDP of US$1.479 trillion at purchasing power parity in 2008, ahead of New York City metropolitan area, which ranks second on the list. The city hosts 47 of the Fortune Global 500 companies, the highest amount of any city.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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West Sussex
West Sussex is a county in the south of England, bordering East Sussex (with Brighton and Hove), Hampshire and Surrey. The county of Sussex has been divided into East and West since the 12th century, and obtained separate county councils in 1888, but it remained a single ceremonial county until 1974 and the coming into force of the Local Government Act 1972. At the same time the Mid Sussex region (including Haywards Heath, Burgess Hill and East Grinstead) was transferred from East Sussex.
West Sussex has a wide range of scenery, including Wealden, Downland and coastal. It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood, Petworth House and Uppark and also castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle. Over half the county is protected countryside, offering walking, cycling and other recreational opportunities for visitors and residents alike.
Chichester is the county town of West Sussex, and the highest point of the county is Black Down, at 280 metres (919 ft, grid reference SU919296).
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York
York (locali/ˈjɔːk/) is a walled city, situated at the confluence of the Rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city has a rich heritage and has provided the backdrop to major political events throughout much of its two millennia of existence. The city offers a wealth of historic attractions, of which York Minster is the most prominent, and a variety of cultural and sporting activities.
The city was founded by the Romans in 71 AD, under the name of Eboracum. It became in turn the capital of the Roman province of Britannia Inferior, and of the kingdoms of Northumbria and Jorvik. In the Middle Ages, York grew as a major wool trading centre and became the capital of the northern ecclesiastical province of the Church of England, a role it has retained.
In the 19th century York became a hub of the railway network and a confectionery manufacturing centre. In recent decades, the economy of York has moved from being dominated by its confectionery and railway-related industries to one that provides services. The University of York and health services have become major employers, whilst tourism has become an important element of the local economy.
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Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.
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Zagreb
Zagreb (Croatian pronunciation: [zǎːɡrɛb]) is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately 122 m (400 ft) above sea level. In the last official census of 2011, the population of the settlement of Zagreb was 686,568, while the total population of its administrative area was 792,875. The wider Zagreb metropolitan area includes the City of Zagreb and the separate Zagreb County with a population of 317,642, bringing the total metropolitan area population up to 1,110,517. It is the only metropolitan area in Croatia with a population of over one million.
Its favourable geographic position in the southwestern part of the Pannonian Basin, which extends to the Alpine, Dinaric, Adriatic and Pannonic regions, provides an excellent connection for traffic between Central Europe and the Adriatic Sea. The transport connections, concentration of industry, scientific and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia. Zagreb is the seat of the central government, administrative bodies and almost all government ministries.
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Andrés Duany
Andrés Duany (born September 7, 1949) is an American architect and urban planner.
Duany was born in New York City but grew up in Cuba until 1960. He attended The Choate School (now Choate Rosemary Hall) and received his undergraduate degree in architecture and urban planning from Princeton University. After a year of study at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, he received a master's degree in architecture from the Yale School of Architecture.
In 1977, Duany was co-founder of the Miami firm Arquitectonica, with his wife, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Bernardo Fort-Brescia, Laurinda Hope Spear, and Hervin Romney. Arquitectonica became famous for its signature style, a dramatic, expressive 'high tech' modernism. The firm's Atlantis Condominium was featured prominently in the opening credits of "Miami Vice."
Duany and Plater-Zyberk founded Duany Plater Zyberk & Company (DPZ) in 1980, headquartered in Miami, Florida. DPZ became a leader in the national movement called the New Urbanism, which seeks to end suburban sprawl and urban disinvestment. The firm first received international recognition in the 1980s as the designer of Seaside, Florida and Kentlands, Maryland, and has completed designs and codes for over two hundred new towns, regional plans, and community revitalization projects. At DPZ, Duany also led the development of comprehensive municipal zoning ordinances that prescribe appropriate urban arrangement for all uses and all densities.
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Ian Rankin
Ian Rankin, OBE, DL (born 28 April 1960 in Cardenden, Fife), is a Scottish crime writer. His best known books are the Inspector Rebus novels. He has also written several pieces of literary criticism.
He attended Beath High School, Cowdenbeath. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he moved to Tottenham, London for four years and then rural France for six while he developed his career as a novelist. He was a Literature tutor at the University of Edinburgh, where he retains an involvement with the James Tait Black Memorial Prize.
The 'standard biography' of Rankin, a Scot, states that before becoming a full-time novelist he worked as a grape-picker, swineherd, taxman, alcohol researcher, hi-fi journalist, college secretary and punk musician.
He lives in Edinburgh with his wife Miranda and their two sons Jack and Kit.
Rankin did not set out to be a crime writer. He thought his first novels Knots and Crosses and Hide and Seek were mainstream books, more in keeping with the Scottish traditions of Robert Louis Stevenson and even Muriel Spark (the subject of Rankin's uncompleted Ph.D. thesis). He was disconcerted by their classification as genre fiction. Scottish novelist Allan Massie, who tutored Rankin while Massie was writer-in-residence at the University of Edinburgh, reassured him by saying, who would want to be a dry academic writer when "they could be John Buchan?"[citation needed]
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karaoke
Down in the alley alley so low down where the red wine and the tears flow
Frail bodies shiver as the wind blows down in the alley where broken men go
Some talk of children a wife and a home they tell their stories of how life went wrong
They turn to the bottle for comfort to find down in the alley they live for the wine
Down in the alley...
Some tell of success and how close they came to opening the doors to riches and fame
How failure each doubt at the height of it all
Down in the alley where hopes and dream fall
No matter how different he stories they tell they all have in common a livin' hell
Their future holds more wine more sorrow and dread
Down in the alley of the livin' dead
Down in the alley...
Nigga, we be alley
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we be alley
My nigga, we alley
Nooooooow
Tell a nigga dont act no fool
What's up cuz? Stay cool
Smoke some mary jane, you know the rules
Haters puttin salt in the game
Wanna keep a thug out the drug house
But you know the drill...a fro, polo
And a nigga in the club smokin dubs
Like a tru center thug
The big boy Willie Grill
Smoke swisher sweets, dont miss a beat
If a nigga feelin froggy leap
We ballin, shot-callin
ho's holla'n, try to follow
When a nigga aint ballin, sheesh
Still pullin on the hair
On my ching-ching weigher
(??)
Ho we can head to the spot in Decatur
(??) smoke optimos, and try to cop the ho's
(?) cant stop my (?)
Killa a bitch, kill a bitch, soon to buss
Aint to many niggas that can fuck wit' us
Y'all niggas think you can fuck wit' us
Some of y'all niggas gon' miss the bus
See playa we dangerous, stay (??)
Cock-block that fo'-fifth,
Switch your hands like (??)
Man then kick over to
Nigga cant see me with a birds-eye view
So you betta back up, back up
'fore a nigga straight have to act up, act up
Stand in this thang wit' the mac up, mac up
... 10 then because
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we alley
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we alley
Whoa
We some alley muh'fuckas from the ATL, Georgia boys
We came to bring the noise, and we got them tonka toys (boom boom boom)
Niggas be bitin like jaws, nigga back the fuck off my balls
If you got some beef wit' me, then I got some beef wit' y'all
Now ooh lawd, them boys on the map again
Who they be? Mr. Ball and them Ying-Yang Twins
And when you down for yours, my nigga, I'm down for mine
Now dont make me have to say this shit one more time
Now back up, I know you dont want some muthafucka to act up
I thank you need to put your muthafuckin ?gack? up
Before you get dealt with
Fuckin around and get yourself hit
Off some fuckin bullshit
Cause we some country-ass Georgia niggas, I told ya nigga
We done and we done showed ya nigga, it's on my nigga
Doin this shit one more 'gain
I thank this time I'ma get a lil' more money to spend
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we be alley
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we be alley
Ah, we some alley muthafuckas, shawty ya didnt know
Niggas is entertainin when they hit the front door
Nigga be like whoa, stop, control
But he was poppin off, so I'ma hit him in his nose
Throwin them 'bows, ColliPark know it explodes
Have a nigga feelin crunchy, smellin like toes
Ya know we had it from Georgia to Cali'
Doin shows from Virginia to that Cakilaki
Ask if are we lackin? Nothin, see we packin
4-5 glocks, .9 spray milli-tec and no actin, I'm blastin
I make my money ?threashin?
The foes see the gold and they dont wanna respect him
Maybe I cant help it, the way that I act
Handle your part thug, give him a heart-attack
Beatin ass in the back, slammin upon a track
Ying-Yang in this thang, ColliPark runnin thangs
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we be alley
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we be alley
Now what's on your mind, if you got something to say
Then say that shit, dont hold that shit
Bitin your tongue, because your boys aint here
Who you roll with, 'cause that's bullshit
You'll get your ass kicked fuckin wit' real thugs
Playahatin you gets no love
Run and get your boys if you thinkin you're hard
If you know like I know, then your ass wont start...
with some crazy muh'fuckas tote gats too
Crazy muthafuckas that'll blast you
Crazy muthafuckas dont give a shit
What? Y'all niggas dont know who y'all fuckin with
We T-H-U-G-G-E-D O-U-T
We'll F-U-C-K yo' ass up with that heat
Mutha-mutha-muthafuckas always talkin shit
Sixty-five niggas you can suck my dick
We Ying-Yang and it aint no thang
Sheisty muthafucka put it down on they brain
We real, some tru-city thug shit
The essence of a thug, they dont like a nigga in public
With two glocks, I represent 2pac, the block is too hot
They want a fool out the neighborhood (why)
Straight hard to fuck with, know he slangin hard
Niggas is paranoid, all I know we raw (raw)
All I know we raw (raw)
All I know we raw (raw)
All I know we raw (raw)
All I know we raw (raw)
All I know we raw (raw)
All I know we raw (raw)
We youngin's nigga
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we be alley
My nigga, we alley
Nigga, we be alley
Where's it begin, now that you're in?
Where is my soul? Wooaaahh
Have I reached the end?
Is this in your plan? Swallow the world whole...
Where's it begin, now that you're in?
Where is my soul? (God only knows) Wooaaahh
Have I reached the end?
Is this in your plan? Swallow the world whole (And they'll never know)
Hand me the light
Hand me the light
Hand me the light
And I'll burn down this whole city
Hand me the light
Hand me the light
Hand me the light
And I'll bring my wrath to city streets.
Let it weigh heavy on my heart.
Hand me the light
Hand me the light
Hand me the light
And I'll burn down this whole city
Hand me the light
Hand me the light
Hand me the light
And I'll bring my wrath to city streets.
Let it weigh heavy on my heart.
Where's it begin, now that you're in?
Where is my soul? (God only knows) Wooaaahh
Have I reached the end?
Is this in your plan? Swallow the world whole (And they'll never know)
(Sleep.) Please let me sleep.
(Inclined to deceive.) Murder.
(Lurking in the alley.) It's seen as complete, bred to defeat.
(My soul...)
(My soul...)
(My soul...)
(Sleep) Please let me sleep.
(Inclined to deceive) Murder.
(Lurking in the alley) It's seen as complete, bred to defeat.
(My soul...)
(My soul...)
(My soul...)
Where's it begin, now that you're in?
Where is my soul? (God only knows) Wooaaahh
Have I reached the end?
Is this in your plan? Swallow the world whole (And they'll never know)
And they'll never know,
They'll never know
They'll never know
Cause with a mules
Enemies within taken
Sheltered dreads with attack
Behind the fly the asylused
Everymoon the tell can't escapes
Torture dead crossing with alley
Race the down alley paradox
Behind Dirty the break the hard
Once with hills trash fly alley
Burial the temples the alley
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Volta Bureau - Alley Cat HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
soundcloud.com www.voltabureau.com www.facebook.com twitter.com Upload Approved by Volta Bureau
http://wn.com/Volta_Bureau_Alley_Cat_HD
soundcloud.com www.voltabureau.com www.facebook.com twitter.com Upload Approved by Volta Bureau
Gerald Green...Are You Kidding Me?!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:23
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Check out Gerald Green as he throws down the MarShon Brooks alley-oop with this INSANE windmill slam as he soars far above the rim!
http://wn.com/Gerald_GreenAre_You_Kidding_Me?!
Check out Gerald Green as he throws down the MarShon Brooks alley-oop with this INSANE windmill slam as he soars far above the rim!
- published: 11 Mar 2012
- views: 3380305
- author: NBA
Stevie Ray Vaughan - Tin Pan Alley (Montreux) part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:10
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Stevie Ray Vaughan & Johnny Copeland - Tin Pan Alley (Montreux) part 1
http://wn.com/Stevie_Ray_Vaughan_Tin_Pan_Alley_Montreux_part_1
Stevie Ray Vaughan & Johnny Copeland - Tin Pan Alley (Montreux) part 1
- published: 12 Aug 2007
- views: 334088
- author: husmenyil
Tin Pan Alley (AKA Roughest Place In Town)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:12
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Stevie Ray Vaughan - Tin Pan Alley (AKA Roughest Place In Town)
http://wn.com/Tin_Pan_Alley_AKA_Roughest_Place_In_Town
Stevie Ray Vaughan - Tin Pan Alley (AKA Roughest Place In Town)
- published: 30 Nov 2008
- views: 183812
- author: SRVSongs
The Mamas and The Papas - Creeque Alley (Ed Sullivan Show)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:17
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
The Mamas and The Papas performing Creeque Alley in the Ed Sullivan Show (1967)
http://wn.com/The_Mamas_and_The_Papas_Creeque_Alley_Ed_Sullivan_Show
The Mamas and The Papas performing Creeque Alley in the Ed Sullivan Show (1967)
- published: 16 Jun 2012
- views: 114176
- author: maor1810
Tin Pin Alley -Stevie Ray Vaughan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:11
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
for...
http://wn.com/Tin_Pin_Alley_-Stevie_Ray_Vaughan
Alley Boy ft. Kief - Know Bout [Clean - TV Edit]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Get "Know Bout" feat. Kief on iTunes now! smarturl.it alleyboy.com http twitter.com instagram.com © 2012 WMG.
http://wn.com/Alley_Boy_ft_Kief_Know_Bout_Clean_TV_Edit_
Get "Know Bout" feat. Kief on iTunes now! smarturl.it alleyboy.com http twitter.com instagram.com © 2012 WMG.
- published: 18 Dec 2012
- views: 118804
- author: alleyboymusic
Top 10 Alley-oops of 2011-2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 03 Jan 2013
Check out the Top 10 alley-oops of the NBA season. Which do you think was best?
http://wn.com/Top_10_Alley-oops_of_2011-2012
Check out the Top 10 alley-oops of the NBA season. Which do you think was best?
- published: 22 May 2012
- views: 762854
- author: NBA
Andre to Andre Alley-Oop And-One
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Andre Miller tosses it up to Andre Iguodala who crushes it over two Grizzlies defenders and gets the foul. Visit www.nba.com for more highlights.
http://wn.com/Andre_to_Andre_Alley-Oop_And-One
Andre Miller tosses it up to Andre Iguodala who crushes it over two Grizzlies defenders and gets the foul. Visit www.nba.com for more highlights.
- published: 30 Dec 2012
- views: 57607
- author: NBA
Phantom: Tyson Chandler's Reverse Alley-Oop!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 01 Jan 2013
Check out this incredible alley-oop slam by Tyson Chandler against the Nets off the lob pass from Raymond Felton through our Phantom camera in super slow motion!
http://wn.com/Phantom_Tyson_Chandler's_Reverse_Alley-Oop!
Check out this incredible alley-oop slam by Tyson Chandler against the Nets off the lob pass from Raymond Felton through our Phantom camera in super slow motion!
- published: 20 Dec 2012
- views: 88162
- author: NBA
♫ Rainbow - Death alley driver ♫ -spot with lyrics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Rainbow Death alley driver lyrics Rough and ready rider In a supersonic sound machine Rock and Roll survivor Chrome pipes between your knees Running all the red lites Your gonna make a dead stop But you just can't see the signs Oh - you'll never win the race But you can't give up the chase Death alley driver Living at high speed Death alley driver...Yeah Death alley driver...who knows what you need Death alley driver... One hundred twenty five smokin' on the turns Always on the hit and run But you never learn... Running from the man... and you're running From yourself Another dirty angel heading straight to hell Oh - you'll never win the race But you won't give up the chase Death alley driver... Live in overdrive...Death alley driver...yeah Death alley driver...ride to stay alive Death alley driver... let's go Red lights in the mirror Danger on the band Got to take a detour cause a road block's up ahead He takes you on the corner with a wave of his hand Death is in the back seat of a big old black sedan Oh - you'll never win the race... As you turn and see his face... Death alley driver... Movin' for the kill Death alley driver...yeah Death alley driver... Time is standing still... Death alley driver... Always on the run cause you're a... Death alley driver Love the way it feels Death alley driver...yeah Death alley driver Hell on wheels... Death alley driver... ooh -
http://wn.com/♫_Rainbow_Death_alley_driver_♫_-spot_with_lyrics
Rainbow Death alley driver lyrics Rough and ready rider In a supersonic sound machine Rock and Roll survivor Chrome pipes between your knees Running all the red lites Your gonna make a dead stop But you just can't see the signs Oh - you'll never win the race But you can't give up the chase Death alley driver Living at high speed Death alley driver...Yeah Death alley driver...who knows what you need Death alley driver... One hundred twenty five smokin' on the turns Always on the hit and run But you never learn... Running from the man... and you're running From yourself Another dirty angel heading straight to hell Oh - you'll never win the race But you won't give up the chase Death alley driver... Live in overdrive...Death alley driver...yeah Death alley driver...ride to stay alive Death alley driver... let's go Red lights in the mirror Danger on the band Got to take a detour cause a road block's up ahead He takes you on the corner with a wave of his hand Death is in the back seat of a big old black sedan Oh - you'll never win the race... As you turn and see his face... Death alley driver... Movin' for the kill Death alley driver...yeah Death alley driver... Time is standing still... Death alley driver... Always on the run cause you're a... Death alley driver Love the way it feels Death alley driver...yeah Death alley driver Hell on wheels... Death alley driver... ooh -
- published: 20 Aug 2011
- views: 3631
- author: nennass1
Gallinari's alley-oop to himself off the backboard!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:35
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Check out this wild play by Nuggets forward Danilo Gallinari as he throws himself the pass off the backboard and finishes it off with the slam dunk against the Grizzlies!
http://wn.com/Gallinari's_alley-oop_to_himself_off_the_backboard!
Check out this wild play by Nuggets forward Danilo Gallinari as he throws himself the pass off the backboard and finishes it off with the slam dunk against the Grizzlies!
- published: 15 Dec 2012
- views: 316625
- author: NBA
Allen to Wade to LeBron for double mid-air alley-oop!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Check out Ray Allen as he comes up with the steal and then ignites the Heat fastbreak, throwing the long distance alley-oop to Dwyane Wade who makes the catch in mid-air and delivers an alley-oop of his own to LeBron James for the big finish against the Knicks!
http://wn.com/Allen_to_Wade_to_LeBron_for_double_mid-air_alley-oop!
Check out Ray Allen as he comes up with the steal and then ignites the Heat fastbreak, throwing the long distance alley-oop to Dwyane Wade who makes the catch in mid-air and delivers an alley-oop of his own to LeBron James for the big finish against the Knicks!
- published: 07 Dec 2012
- views: 356324
- author: NBA
Dwyane Wade Unreal Full Court Alley-Oop Pass to LeBron James in Indiana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:28
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Hoops4life | HD Visit www.mixmakers.net for HD clips and mixes.
http://wn.com/Dwyane_Wade_Unreal_Full_Court_Alley-Oop_Pass_to_LeBron_James_in_Indiana
Hoops4life | HD Visit www.mixmakers.net for HD clips and mixes.
- published: 16 Feb 2011
- views: 160994
- author: GDSeasonClips
Huge Reverse Alley-Oop from Anthony Davis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:32
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Greivis Vasquez throws a sweet alley-oop to Anthony Davis who throws down a reverse rim-rocker. Visit www.nba.com for more highlights.
http://wn.com/Huge_Reverse_Alley-Oop_from_Anthony_Davis
Greivis Vasquez throws a sweet alley-oop to Anthony Davis who throws down a reverse rim-rocker. Visit www.nba.com for more highlights.
- published: 23 Dec 2012
- views: 46297
- author: NBA
Machinima Respawn - Classic Respawn! (Return to Whore Alley!) - 12/16/11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:52
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
www.youtube.com Click here to watch the previous episode of Machinima Respawn! Machinima Respawn - Classic Respawn! (Return to Whore Alley!) - 12/16/11 S02E152 Sark & Hutch head back to Whore Alley for an old-school callout episode! HERE ARE THE VIDS! Passive Aggression with MrWoofless www.youtube.com Hiding Tactics by Hidden Masters www.youtube.com Wii: Mission MOAB by Dazran303 www.youtube.com Whored Mode by AllShamNoWow www.youtube.com This Gun F-ing Sucks Dragunov by Wickedshrapnel www.youtube.com Art of Assassination by SHENMUE36 www.youtube.com Counter-Strike Tips with the Pros by NetcodeIlluminati www.youtube.com Go murder some people in Assassin's Creed and you could win some sweet, sweet Roxio cash. www.roxio.com Send us your questions for this week's Respawn Inbox (Thursday)! on.fb.me This video shows: How to reminisce How to remember How to recall - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Like Machinima Respawn on Facebook! facebook.com Enlist in the Respawn Army! therespawnarmy.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: Machinima Respawn Mr Sark Hutch Seananners Nanners classic old school retro back day history yore age old memories reminisce remember recall memory Whore Alley OpTic Carlos callouts call outs MrWoofless Hidden Masters ...
http://wn.com/Machinima_Respawn_Classic_Respawn!_Return_to_Whore_Alley!_12_16_11
www.youtube.com Click here to watch the previous episode of Machinima Respawn! Machinima Respawn - Classic Respawn! (Return to Whore Alley!) - 12/16/11 S02E152 Sark & Hutch head back to Whore Alley for an old-school callout episode! HERE ARE THE VIDS! Passive Aggression with MrWoofless www.youtube.com Hiding Tactics by Hidden Masters www.youtube.com Wii: Mission MOAB by Dazran303 www.youtube.com Whored Mode by AllShamNoWow www.youtube.com This Gun F-ing Sucks Dragunov by Wickedshrapnel www.youtube.com Art of Assassination by SHENMUE36 www.youtube.com Counter-Strike Tips with the Pros by NetcodeIlluminati www.youtube.com Go murder some people in Assassin's Creed and you could win some sweet, sweet Roxio cash. www.roxio.com Send us your questions for this week's Respawn Inbox (Thursday)! on.fb.me This video shows: How to reminisce How to remember How to recall - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Like Machinima Respawn on Facebook! facebook.com Enlist in the Respawn Army! therespawnarmy.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: Machinima Respawn Mr Sark Hutch Seananners Nanners classic old school retro back day history yore age old memories reminisce remember recall memory Whore Alley OpTic Carlos callouts call outs MrWoofless Hidden Masters ...
- published: 17 Dec 2011
- views: 106589
- author: machinimarespawn
Machinima Respawn - Docking on Whore Alley! (Xboy Ahoy, Behrudy, Telixion, Proving Ground) - 2/25/11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:45
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
www.youtube.com Click here to watch the previous episode of Respawn! Machinima Respawn - Docking on Whore Alley! (Xboy Ahoy, Behrudy, Telixion, Proving Ground) - 2/25/11 (S02E14) Sark, Hutch, SeaNanners, & Tejbz break down the latest and greatest vids uploaded to Machinima Respawn! www.youtube.com Behrudy - Marvel vs Capcom 3: BEGINNER's GUIDE with Behrudy (MvC3 Gameplay/Tutorial) www.youtube.com Call of Duty: Black Ops: Telixion's Transition (BO Gameplay/Commentary) www.youtube.com Proving Ground - Dead Space 2 Babymorph, Black Ops Dolphin Dive, & Testing Bulletstorm Director of the Week : Xbox Ahoy www.youtube.com Machinima Respawn Facebook App www.therespawnarmy.com Machinima Realm World of Warcraft Livestream http Homefront Theater! www.homefront-game.com This video shows: How to dock with a man How to dock with a dude How to dock with a fella - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: Machinima Respawn with Sark Hutch SeaNanners Tejb MachinimaRespawn Gameplay yt:quality=high Tejbz Whore Alley Behrudy Telixion Proving Ground Call of Duty Dead ...
http://wn.com/Machinima_Respawn_Docking_on_Whore_Alley!_Xboy_Ahoy,_Behrudy,_Telixion,_Proving_Ground_2_25_11
www.youtube.com Click here to watch the previous episode of Respawn! Machinima Respawn - Docking on Whore Alley! (Xboy Ahoy, Behrudy, Telixion, Proving Ground) - 2/25/11 (S02E14) Sark, Hutch, SeaNanners, & Tejbz break down the latest and greatest vids uploaded to Machinima Respawn! www.youtube.com Behrudy - Marvel vs Capcom 3: BEGINNER's GUIDE with Behrudy (MvC3 Gameplay/Tutorial) www.youtube.com Call of Duty: Black Ops: Telixion's Transition (BO Gameplay/Commentary) www.youtube.com Proving Ground - Dead Space 2 Babymorph, Black Ops Dolphin Dive, & Testing Bulletstorm Director of the Week : Xbox Ahoy www.youtube.com Machinima Respawn Facebook App www.therespawnarmy.com Machinima Realm World of Warcraft Livestream http Homefront Theater! www.homefront-game.com This video shows: How to dock with a man How to dock with a dude How to dock with a fella - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: Machinima Respawn with Sark Hutch SeaNanners Tejb MachinimaRespawn Gameplay yt:quality=high Tejbz Whore Alley Behrudy Telixion Proving Ground Call of Duty Dead ...
- published: 26 Feb 2011
- views: 175699
- author: machinimarespawn
Machinima Respawn - Tejb vs. Whore Alley! (PBat, RunAwayFive, Tobuscus and more!) - 2/14/11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:37
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
www.youtube.com Click here to watch the previous episode of Machinima Respawn! Machinima Respawn - Tejb vs. Whore Alley! (PBat, RunAwayFive, Tobuscus and more!) 2/14/11 (S02E11) Sark, Hutch, SeaNanners & Tejb bring you a few of the latest and greatest vids uploaded to Machinima Respawn! Featured videos: PBAT - Super Mario 64 www.youtube.com RunAwayFive - NPPL Championship Paintball 2009 www.youtube.com Tobuscus - Literal Dead Space 2 Trailer www.youtube.com Superstitum - Insaniquarium: BEST game in the world!? www.youtube.com Midnightswordsclan - House of the Dead 3 www.youtube.com tehsmarty - Cthulhu Saves the World Part 4 www.youtube.com Nova - Dead Space 2 www.youtube.com Myelectric w/ loX & AmandaOntheRun - Dead Space 2 www.youtube.com RunAwayFive - MW2 Boosters Raging www.youtube.com Download our Droid App! bit.ly Download our iPhone App! bit.ly - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This Respawn video shows: How to pull a 'Carradine' How to get killed in Los Angeles How to earn 3 wishes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO ...
http://wn.com/Machinima_Respawn_Tejb_vs_Whore_Alley!_PBat,_RunAwayFive,_Tobuscus_and_more!_2_14_11
www.youtube.com Click here to watch the previous episode of Machinima Respawn! Machinima Respawn - Tejb vs. Whore Alley! (PBat, RunAwayFive, Tobuscus and more!) 2/14/11 (S02E11) Sark, Hutch, SeaNanners & Tejb bring you a few of the latest and greatest vids uploaded to Machinima Respawn! Featured videos: PBAT - Super Mario 64 www.youtube.com RunAwayFive - NPPL Championship Paintball 2009 www.youtube.com Tobuscus - Literal Dead Space 2 Trailer www.youtube.com Superstitum - Insaniquarium: BEST game in the world!? www.youtube.com Midnightswordsclan - House of the Dead 3 www.youtube.com tehsmarty - Cthulhu Saves the World Part 4 www.youtube.com Nova - Dead Space 2 www.youtube.com Myelectric w/ loX & AmandaOntheRun - Dead Space 2 www.youtube.com RunAwayFive - MW2 Boosters Raging www.youtube.com Download our Droid App! bit.ly Download our iPhone App! bit.ly - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This Respawn video shows: How to pull a 'Carradine' How to get killed in Los Angeles How to earn 3 wishes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE SPORTS GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE MMO & RPG GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE TRAILERS, GO TO ...
- published: 14 Feb 2011
- views: 277149
- author: machinimarespawn
JR Smith mix dunk alley oops 360 (highlights 2010 2011 ) top 10 dunk
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
jr smith JR smith mix putback dunk vs portland trail blazers 2/2/2011 ridiculous reverse lay up vs the miami heat 1 14 2011 in the many seasons with denver nuggets' shirt ..there are dunk on gary neal, on san antonio, 360 lay up vs san antonio, 360 dunk from billups, 360 alley oop from allen iverson, top 10 dunk, spins around Manu Ginobili and throws down the nice two-handed reverse flush.Smith spins around Omri Casspi then throws down the sick one-handed poster slam on him.Smith drives into the paint and throws down the two-handed slamer on Emeka Okafor.Smith strips the ball from Larry Hughes and speeds down court for the sick double-clutch reverse jam. Smith gets down the court in transition and throws down a nasty windmill jam.JR Smith strips the ball from Zydrunas Ilgauskas and gets the ball to Allen Iverson who lobs the ball back up to him for the reverse alley oop slam. JR Smith gets up and gives the rookie Anthony Randolph his first poster. JR Smith follows the missed shot from Nene and throws down the two-handed putback jam facial on Joel Pryzbilla.JR Smith adds an explanation point with the sick facial slam on Saer Sene. JR Smith hits the amazing up and under layup against the Miami Heat. JR Smith launches a prayer just inside half-court to beat the buzzer at halftime. JR Smith throws down the sick one-handed slamer over Jason Maxiell. JR Smith follows the missed shot from Carmelo Anthony with the two-handed putback slam dunk on Corey Maggette. Smith recieves an ...
http://wn.com/JR_Smith_mix_dunk_alley_oops_360_highlights_2010_2011_top_10_dunk
jr smith JR smith mix putback dunk vs portland trail blazers 2/2/2011 ridiculous reverse lay up vs the miami heat 1 14 2011 in the many seasons with denver nuggets' shirt ..there are dunk on gary neal, on san antonio, 360 lay up vs san antonio, 360 dunk from billups, 360 alley oop from allen iverson, top 10 dunk, spins around Manu Ginobili and throws down the nice two-handed reverse flush.Smith spins around Omri Casspi then throws down the sick one-handed poster slam on him.Smith drives into the paint and throws down the two-handed slamer on Emeka Okafor.Smith strips the ball from Larry Hughes and speeds down court for the sick double-clutch reverse jam. Smith gets down the court in transition and throws down a nasty windmill jam.JR Smith strips the ball from Zydrunas Ilgauskas and gets the ball to Allen Iverson who lobs the ball back up to him for the reverse alley oop slam. JR Smith gets up and gives the rookie Anthony Randolph his first poster. JR Smith follows the missed shot from Nene and throws down the two-handed putback jam facial on Joel Pryzbilla.JR Smith adds an explanation point with the sick facial slam on Saer Sene. JR Smith hits the amazing up and under layup against the Miami Heat. JR Smith launches a prayer just inside half-court to beat the buzzer at halftime. JR Smith throws down the sick one-handed slamer over Jason Maxiell. JR Smith follows the missed shot from Carmelo Anthony with the two-handed putback slam dunk on Corey Maggette. Smith recieves an ...
- published: 27 Dec 2010
- views: 127166
- author: dorell15
Bioshock 2: Rapture Historian Part 5 - Siren Alley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:40
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Jack and Geoff continue wandering through Rapture picking up audio logs. This is the walkthrough for the fifth chapter, Siren Alley. Siren alleys are the loudest kind of alleys.
http://wn.com/Bioshock_2_Rapture_Historian_Part_5_Siren_Alley
Jack and Geoff continue wandering through Rapture picking up audio logs. This is the walkthrough for the fifth chapter, Siren Alley. Siren alleys are the loudest kind of alleys.
- published: 11 Feb 2010
- views: 67048
- author: RoosterTeeth
Kirstie Alley & Maksim Chmerkovskiy - Foxtrot
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:44
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Kirstie Alley & Maksim Chmerkovskiy - Foxtrot Dancing With The Stars Season 12 Week 5 April 18, 2011 Song: "American Woman" by The Guess Who Score: 23 (8,7,8)
http://wn.com/Kirstie_Alley_Maksim_Chmerkovskiy_Foxtrot
Kirstie Alley & Maksim Chmerkovskiy - Foxtrot Dancing With The Stars Season 12 Week 5 April 18, 2011 Song: "American Woman" by The Guess Who Score: 23 (8,7,8)
- published: 19 Apr 2011
- views: 177944
- author: Codebear4
Classic Game Room - TOMCAT ALLEY Sega CD review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Updated: 27 Dec 2012
Tomcat Alley video review. Classic Game Room reviews TOMCAT ALLEY for Sega CD (Mega CD), a FMV Full Motion Video button prompt style videgame which was released in 1994 as a Sega TruVideo production. Play as the co-pilot in an F-14 Tomcat fighting against waves of cold war era ex-Soviet bad guys trying to destroy the USA! Move your exciting cursor around the screen and click on things and lock on to enemy jets and helicopters to shoot them down. Tomcat Alley has abysmal gameplay but awesome cut scenes with cheesy B-movie style and fun editing that changes depending on your actions. It even features a girl from a Bond movie! This CGR Tomcat Alley review has gameplay from Tomcat Alley on Sega CD showing jet fighter air combat video game play in HD action from Sega Mega CD.
http://wn.com/Classic_Game_Room_TOMCAT_ALLEY_Sega_CD_review
Tomcat Alley video review. Classic Game Room reviews TOMCAT ALLEY for Sega CD (Mega CD), a FMV Full Motion Video button prompt style videgame which was released in 1994 as a Sega TruVideo production. Play as the co-pilot in an F-14 Tomcat fighting against waves of cold war era ex-Soviet bad guys trying to destroy the USA! Move your exciting cursor around the screen and click on things and lock on to enemy jets and helicopters to shoot them down. Tomcat Alley has abysmal gameplay but awesome cut scenes with cheesy B-movie style and fun editing that changes depending on your actions. It even features a girl from a Bond movie! This CGR Tomcat Alley review has gameplay from Tomcat Alley on Sega CD showing jet fighter air combat video game play in HD action from Sega Mega CD.
- published: 02 Sep 2011
- views: 20982
- author: InecomCompany
Harry Hosono & Tin Pan Alley (1974-1977) - Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:14
- Updated: 02 Jan 2013
Order # CRCP-20386~88 This is the 1st of 3 parts of a 24 min video featured on the 'Crown Years of Harry Hosono' featuring live, studio & rehearsals footage. I absolutely adore the parody of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) 'leo-the-lion' roar at the beginning. Truly brilliant, hosono at his comical best :) Don't ya just love him! Has that 'terry gilliam 'python feel as well :) Enjoy folks !!!
http://wn.com/Harry_Hosono_Tin_Pan_Alley_1974-1977_Part_1
Order # CRCP-20386~88 This is the 1st of 3 parts of a 24 min video featured on the 'Crown Years of Harry Hosono' featuring live, studio & rehearsals footage. I absolutely adore the parody of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) 'leo-the-lion' roar at the beginning. Truly brilliant, hosono at his comical best :) Don't ya just love him! Has that 'terry gilliam 'python feel as well :) Enjoy folks !!!
- published: 06 Aug 2007
- views: 80055
- author: ymo1965
photo: AP / Ng Han Guan
02 Jan 2013
SEOUL -- In a domestically televised New Year's Day speech, North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un said he wanted to "remove confrontation" on this divided peninsula and called on "anti-reunification forces" in South Korea to cease their hostility toward the North. The lengthy address, which laid out the national goals for 2013, marked Mr ... Mr. Kim on Tuesday asked for a detente -- but with prerequisites that the conservative Ms ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
photo: AP / Emanuel Ekra
01 Jan 2013
INZA BAKAYOKO. Associated Press= ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast (AP) — A crowd stampeded after leaving a New Year's fireworks show early Tuesday in Ivory Coast's commercial center, killing 61 people — many of them youths — and injuring more than 200, rescue workers said. The death toll was expected to rise, the officials said ... Issa Sako of the fire department rescue team.....(size: 8.1Kb)
photo: AP / Felicia Fonseca
01 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. For good reason Mark Charles, a member of the Navajo Nation, is deeply offended that buried on page 45 of the 2010 Defense Appropriation Act (after pages on the maintenance and operation of the United States Military) is an "official" apology to Native American People ... political leaders and officials find it extremely difficult in expressing remorse for past mistakes ... Escorted by the U.S....(size: 5.6Kb)
photo: AP / John MacDougall
31 Dec 2012
Chancellor Angela Merkel has warned that the German economic climate in 2013 will be "even more difficult". In her new year message, she also cautioned that the eurozone debt crisis was far from over. However, she did say that reforms designed to address the roots of the problem were beginning to bear fruit ... In a taped interview to be broadcast later on Monday, Mrs Merkel urged Germans to be more patient ... Voters 'wary' ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: AP / Mohammad Sajjad
02 Jan 2013
ISLAMABAD -- Continuing a militant campaign of violence against aid workers in Pakistan, gunmen Tuesday shot dead seven Pakistani teachers and health workers, six of them women, police officials said. There was no immediate claim of responsibility ... The victims worked for the private Pakistani aid group Support With Working Solution, which works in the health and education sectors ... "One child, aged 7 to 8 years, miraculously survived." ... ....(size: 3.4Kb)
The Wrap
03 Jan 2013
Print this page Tweet. View the discussion thread. Sign Up For First Take. Get Our Daily Email, and Receive Invitations to Our Screenings Series. Start your day with all of the news worth knowing. Your email..... Media Alley looks at the media landscape from print to digital, legacy media to new media. ... Featured Media Alley ... VIDEO ... Waxword Steve Pond Alonso Duralde Chris Willman Media Alley The Odds TheGrill Conference Hollywood, D.C ... ....(size: 9.2Kb)
IMDb
03 Jan 2013
Gemma Arterton plays the upbeat music teacher who runs the local choir that doesn’t seem quite up my alley ... The film will hit theaters on February 8th, 2013 ... ». - Nick Martin. ....(size: 1.1Kb)
Irish Times
03 Jan 2013
123. Dublin sketch-comedy group A Betrayal of Penguins, (left to right) Matt Smyth, Ross Dungan, Aaron Heffernan and Eoghan QuinnEoghan Quinn in Monster/ClockThe Life and Sort of Death of Eric Argyle at Smock Alley Theatre. PETER CRAWLEY. There are a few popular misconceptions about penguins ... penguins do not mate for life ... That may be true ... The Life and Sort of Death of Eric Argyle runs at Smock Alley Theatre from January 14-26Email Us. ....(size: 8.4Kb)
The Wrap
03 Jan 2013
Print this page Tweet. View the discussion thread. Sign Up For First Take. Get Our Daily Email, and Receive Invitations to Our Screenings Series. Start your day with all of the news worth knowing. Your email..... What's First Take?. Description. The Box tries to make sense of all things television. . Latest Posts ... Ratings ... Ratings ... Waxword Steve Pond Alonso Duralde Chris Willman Media Alley The Odds TheGrill Conference Hollywood, D.C ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
PR Newswire
02 Jan 2013
Google. Focus. "Maritime Security. Today's Victories and Tomorrow's Challenges". WASHINGTON, Jan ... The inaugural conference, "Maritime Security. Today's Victories and Tomorrow's Challenges," will have as its keynote speaker Rear Admiral Terry McKnight , USN (Ret.), author of Pirate Alley. Commanding Task Force 151 off Somalia ... -- John A ... In addition, RADM (ret.) McKnight will be available to sign copies of Pirate Alley ... ....(size: 5.4Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
02 Jan 2013
Focus. "Maritime Security. Today's Victories and Tomorrow's Challenges". WASHINGTON, Jan ... The new online Web site (www.piracydaily.com / available this weekend) and the bi-weekly highlight key stories and interviews focusing on piracy issues worldwide. The inaugural conference, "Maritime Security. Today's Victories and Tomorrow's Challenges," will have as its keynote speaker Rear Admiral Terry McKnight, USN (Ret.), author of ... -- Charles N....(size: 2.6Kb)
The Times of India
02 Jan 2013
Complaints about the dark alleys leading to the station and the recent change in the entryway have been pouring in, yet the Delhi Metro seems to be unaware of the problem ... Complaints of unlit alleys are widespread amongst commuters, compounded by the new station entry which abuts the wall of the Pragati Maidan ... Asked if the alley leading to the Metro station next to the Hanuman mandir fell in the 200m area, Sharma admitted it was so ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
MSNBC
02 Jan 2013
Police dogs are searching a wooded area and alley in east Baltimore where an officer shot a man who they ......(size: 0.7Kb)
Huffington Post
02 Jan 2013
Denver Nuggets guard Andre Iguodala (9) drives past Los Angeles Clippers forward Matt Barnes (22) during the fourth quarter of an NBA basketball game, Tuesday, Jan ... 15-Dec ... 26 ... McGee, who had a dunk off an alley-oop pass from Andre Miller on Denver's previous possession, hadn't even tried a 3-pointer in a game all season until then ... Long Distance Alley-Oop - 11/7/12 ... Wade Monster Alley-Oop - 12/2/12 ... Paul and Bledsoe Alley-Oop - 12/21/12 ... ....(size: 7.7Kb)
Chicago Sun-Times
02 Jan 2013
Kurt Frieders, Parkside Lanes general manager, said that because the lanes are in Aurora Township, just outside of the city limits, the bowling alley was able to complete the application process first ... In addition to the township bowling alley, Elburn-based Blackberry Bar and Grill, Olde Tyme Inn in Sandwich and The Friendly Tap in Plano are also open for video gambling business....(size: 4.1Kb)
Chicago Tribune
02 Jan 2013
After washing dishes until 2 a.m. while revelers rang in the new year at a downtown restaurant, Octavius Dontrell Lamb wanted to celebrate, his friend said ... He later walked through an alley in the 700 block of North Noble Street to get cigarettes from a nearby store, Lewis said ... Shawanna Timberlake, 35, who runs a home day care next to the alley, was awakened by her children when police showed up to investigate the shooting ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Wrap
02 Jan 2013
Print this page Tweet. View the discussion thread. Sign Up For First Take. Get Our Daily Email, and Receive Invitations to Our Screenings Series. Start your day with all of the news worth knowing. Your email..... Media Alley looks at the media landscape from print to digital, legacy media to new media. ... Featured Media Alley ... VIDEO ... Waxword Steve Pond Alonso Duralde Chris Willman Media Alley The Odds TheGrill Conference Hollywood, D.C ... ....(size: 9.1Kb)
The Wrap
02 Jan 2013
Print this page Tweet. View the discussion thread. Sign Up For First Take. Get Our Daily Email, and Receive Invitations to Our Screenings Series. Start your day with all of the news worth knowing. Your email..... Media Alley looks at the media landscape from print to digital, legacy media to new media. ... Featured Media Alley ... VIDEO ... Waxword Steve Pond Alonso Duralde Chris Willman Media Alley The Odds TheGrill Conference Hollywood, D.C ... ....(size: 9.2Kb)
Alley in downtown Washington, D.C.
An alley in Sausalito, California
Broadway Alley, a rare alley in Manhattan, is not near Broadway
An alley or alleyway is a narrow lane found in urban areas, often for pedestrians only, which usually runs between or behind buildings. In older cities and towns in Europe, alleys are often what is left of a medieval street network, or a right of way or ancient footpath in an urban setting. In older urban development, alleys were built to allow for deliveries such as coal to the rear of houses. Alleys may be paved, or simply dirt tracks. A blind alley has no outlet at one end and is thus a cul-de-sac.
Contents |
Modern planning[link]
Many modern urban developments do not incorporate alleys. In some locations installation of gates to restrict alleyway access have significantly reduced burglary rates.[citation needed] On blocks where gates are not installed, residents sometimes erect home-made barricades at alley entrances.
Andrés Duany, American architect and urban planner, has long espoused the use of alleys as leading to a better integration of automobile and foot traffic in a neighborhood.[citation needed]
In some modern urban developments, a service road may be built to allow for waste collection, or rear access for fire engines and parking.
United States[link]
In the United States alleys exist in both older commercial and residential areas, for both service purposes and automobile access. In residential areas, primarily those built before 1950, alleys provide rear access to property where a garage was located, or where waste could be collected by service vehicles. A benefit of this was the location of these activities to the rear, less public side of a dwelling. Such alleys are typically roughly paved, but some may be dirt. By 1950 they had largely disappeared from development plans for new homes.
Chicago, Illinois has about 1,900 miles (3,100 km) of alleyways.[1] In 2007, the Chicago Department of Transportation started converting conventional alleys which were made out of asphalt, into so called Green Alleys. This program, called the Green Alley Program, is supposed to enable easier water runoff, as the alleyways in Chicago are not connected to the sewer system. With this program, the water will be able to seep through semipermeable concrete or asphalt in which a colony of fungi and bacteria will establish itself. The bacteria will help breakup oils before the water is absorbed into the ground. The lighter color of the pavement will also reflect more light, making the area next to the alley cooler.[2]
Manhattan, New York City is unusual in that it has very few alleys.
United Kingdom[link]
- In England there are numerous words used locally to describe alleys which are narrow pavements between or behind buildings.
- Jennel, which may be spelt gennel or ginnel, is common in Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds and other parts of Yorkshire.[3] It is also used in Oldham.
- Twitten is an old Sussex dialect word, used in both East and West Sussex, for a path or alleyway. It is still in common use.[4] In Nottinghamshire, north-west Essex and east Hertfordshire, twichell is common.
- In Liverpool the term entry, jigger or snicket is more common. "Entry" is also used in Manchester, though not in South Manchester.
- The word jitty or gitties is often found in Derbyshire and Leicestershire and gulley is a term used in the Black Country.
- In north-east England they can be called chares, and in Plymouth, opes.
- In Shropshire (especially Shrewsbury) they are called shuts.
- Other terms in use are cuttings, 10 foots and snicket.
- In York, local author Mark W. Jones devised the word snickelway in 1983 as a portmanteau of the words snicket, ginnel and alleyway.[5] Although the word is a neologism, it quickly became part of the local vocabulary, and has even been used in official council documents, for example when giving notice of temporary footpath closures.
- In Scotland and Northern Ireland the Scots terms close, wynd, pend and vennel are general in most towns and cities. The term close has an unvoiced "s" as in sad. The Scottish author Ian Rankin's novel Fleshmarket Close was retitled Fleshmarket Alley for the American market.
Other countries[link]
- In Australia and Canada the terms lane, laneway and serviceway are also used.
- In some parts of the United States and Canada, alleys are sometimes known as rear lanes or back lanes because they are at the back of buildings. "Mews" is also used for some alleys or small streets in Manhattan.
- In the Netherlands the equivalent term is steeg. Cities such as Amsterdam have many stegen running between the major streets, roughly parallel to each other but not at right angles to the streets. See [1].
- In Belgium the equivalent term is gang (Dutch) or impasse (French). Brussels had over 100 gangen/impasses, built to provide pedestrian access to cheap housing in the middle of blocks of buildings. Since 1858, many have now been demolished as part of slum-clearance progammes, but about 70 still exist.[6]
- In India the equivalent term is Gali which were prevalent during Moghul Period (1526 C.E. to 1700 C.E.)
- In Singapore, there are many alleys in Housing and Development Board (HDB) flats. Those are often brick roads, have many humps and very few traffic signs and road markings.
Activities[link]
Reduced usage of alleys can result in their decline. Under use, poor maintenance, poor night time illumination and narrow width may contribute to an increase in anti-social or illegal activities.
On the other hand, in some cities, such as Melbourne, the laneways are vital and popular parts of the city and filled with shops, bars and cafés.
"Allee" is a term used in contemporary landscape architecture to denote a narrow passageway, sometimes for pedestrians only, other times for both vehicles and pedestrians, that is lined with copious numbers of trees. The result is a peaceful, verdant place for strolling and sitting.
Use by automobiles[link]
Many alleys, particularly 19th century ones, are wide enough to support automobile traffic. Such alleys are used in residential areas to gain access to garages that were built behind houses after the rise of the automobile. Others can be found in older industrial areas. Because alleys are narrow and often have only enough room for one vehicle to pass at a time, many alleys are one-way only. An alley serving the main entrance of residential, commercial, or industrial buildings, or carrying significant traffic, may be given a separate street name.
Other languages[link]
"Alley" is of French origin, meaning "a way to go", and has been adapted in English as above. It is also used in parts of Europe such as Croatia and Serbia as a name for a boulevard, an avenue or a parkway (such as Bologna Alley in Zagreb). The Swedish word "allé" and the German word "Allee" refers to any type of road lined with trees (such as Karl-Marx-Allee in Berlin). Czech and some other Slavic languages use the term "ulička" instead,[7] a diminutive form of "ulice", the word for street.
Other meanings[link]
In typography, "alley" is also used to refer to the gap between two columns of text.[8]
See also[link]
- Great Yarmouth Row Houses
- Hutong - alley dwellings of Beijing
- Golden Gai, a cluster of alleyways and popular nightlife district in Shinjuku, Tokyo
- Mews
- Rights of way in England and Wales
- Rights of way in Scotland
- Street
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ Link text, Using alleys to fight heat, water runoff, Chicago Suntimes.
- ^ Conscious Choice
- ^ 'Putting SY on the wordmap', BBC, 22 August 2005
- ^ Where I live:Sussex dialect words
- ^ Jones, Mark W. A Walk Around the Snickelways of York
- ^ Impasses de Bruxelles, Lucia Gaiardo, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale-Ville de Bruxelles, 2000
- ^ "slovnik.seznam.cz Translation of "ulička"". http://slovnik.seznam.cz/?q=uli%C4%8Dka&lang=cz_en. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
- ^ Typographical definition of "Alley"
External links[link]
Media related to Alleys at Wikimedia Commons
http://wn.com/Alley
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Ruelle
http://nl.wn.com/Steeg
http://de.wn.com/Gasse
http://it.wn.com/Vicolo
http://es.wn.com/Callejón
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alley
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Gerald Green, see Gerald Green (disambiguation).
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2009) |
.JPG) Green with BC Krasnye Krylia in 2011 |
|
| No. 14 – Brooklyn Nets | |
|---|---|
| Shooting guard / Small forward | |
| Personal information | |
| Born | (1986-01-26) January 26, 1986 (age 26) Houston, Texas |
| Nationality | American |
| High school | Gulf Shores Academy (Houston, Texas) |
| Listed height | 6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) |
| Listed weight | 200 lb (91 kg) |
| Career information | |
| NBA Draft | 2005 / Round: 1 / Pick: 18th overall |
| Selected by the Boston Celtics | |
| Pro career | 2005–present |
| Career history | |
| 2005–2007 | Boston Celtics |
| 2006 | →Fayetteville Patriots (D-League) |
| 2006 | →Florida Flame (D-League) |
| 2007–2008 | Minnesota Timberwolves |
| 2008 | Houston Rockets |
| 2008–2009 | Dallas Mavericks |
| 2009–2010 | PBC Lokomotiv-Kuban (Russia) |
| 2010–2011 | BC Krasnye Krylia (Russia) |
| 2011 | Foshan Dralions (China) |
| 2011–2012 | Los Angeles D-Fenders (D-League) |
| 2012–present | New Jersey / Brooklyn Nets |
| Career highlights and awards | |
Gerald Green, Jr. (born January 26, 1986) is an American professional basketball player who plays for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Boston Celtics with the 18th pick of the first round in the 2005 NBA Draft. He has performed well in many slam dunk competitions, having won the 2005 McDonald's All-American Slam Dunk Contest and the 2007 NBA Slam Dunk Contest, while finishing as the runner-up in the 2008 NBA Slam Dunk Contest.[1]
Contents |
High school career[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009) |
Green did not play high school basketball until his sophomore year, when he played junior varsity for J. Frank Dobie High School. In his junior year he made the varsity team, but his play was cut short because of academic issues.[citation needed]
He transferred[citation needed] to a charter school, Gulf Shores Academy in Houston,[2] where he repeated his junior year.[citation needed] In his senior year at Gulf Shores, he averaged 33 points, 12 rebounds, 7 assists, and 3 blocked shots per game. He was named an All-American and was the high scorer in the 2005 McDonald's All-American game scoring 24 points.,[3] which features two teams composed of the best high school basketball players in the US. Green also won the McDonald's All-American Slam Dunk Contest that year, defeating future Duke player Josh McRoberts.
Professional career[link]
Draft[link]
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This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2009) |
Green originally committed to attending Oklahoma State University, but later decided to enter the NBA Draft upon graduation. He hired an agent, thereby making himself ineligible to participate in NCAA athletics. Green was expected by many analysts to be one of the top few players chosen but he fell to the Celtics, who selected him with the 18th pick in the draft. His fall is attributed to his decision to give individual work outs only for the teams with the top six picks prior to the draft.[citation needed]
Green drew comparisons to former Houston Rockets teammate and star Tracy McGrady in the period leading up to the 2005 NBA Draft.[1]
Green was one of the last players to enter the NBA directly from high school, as the collective bargaining agreement between NBA owners and the NBA Players' Association now mandates that American players who enter the NBA Draft must be at least one year removed from the graduation of their high school class and reach age 19 no later than December 31 of the calendar year of the draft.[citation needed]
Boston Celtics (2005-2007)[link]
2005-2006[link]
During the pre-season, Green averaged 8 points and 1.3 rebounds per game for the Celtics in the 2005 Las Vegas Summer League.[4]
After seeing limited playing time during the first part of the season, Green was placed on the Fayetteville Patriots of the NBA D-League by the Celtics in January 2006. He was recalled and activated to an NBA roster position on February 3. He was reassigned to the NBDL, to the Florida Flame, on February 16. He was recalled and activated again on February 21, and saw his first significant NBA game action on the following night, scoring 13 points and grabbing 9 rebounds in 23 minutes.
He appeared in 32 games and averaged 11.8 minutes, 5.2 points, and 1.2 rebounds during these contests. Gerald Green left marks on the league with his highlight plays including a shot clock beating half court three against Indiana and two SportsCenter top play dunks in the closing seconds in two games against Toronto.
2006-2007[link]
Over the off-season, Green aimed at improving all aspects of his game in order to gain playing time. He had shown flashes of his capability during the end of the 2005-06 season, but started off the 2006-07 season slowly, earning a somewhat limited role and playing time behind captain Paul Pierce, and swingman Wally Szczerbiak. With injuries to Szczerbiak and Pierce, his playing time increased, but he was unable to nail down a starting role. Green started his first ever game early December against the Philadelphia 76ers, but then lost his job to a returning Szczerbiak. Green finished the 2006-07 season averaging 10.4 points, 2.6 rebounds and 1.0 assists per game.
On February 17, 2007, Green won the 2007 NBA Slam Dunk Contest, beating out Nate Robinson, Tyrus Thomas, and Dwight Howard.
The season was going very well for Green. On March 16, 2007, he scored a career-high 25 points in a Celtics' loss to the Dallas Mavericks,[5][6] and on April 10, 2007, Green topped that with 33 points (12-22 FG, 4-5 3FG) at Atlanta.[5]
On July 31, 2007 it was made official that Green was to be traded along with Al Jefferson, Ryan Gomes, Theo Ratliff, Sebastian Telfair, and draft picks, to the Minnesota Timberwolves for Kevin Garnett.[7]
Minnesota Timberwolves (2007-2008)[link]
At Minnesota, Green found himself stuck on the bench behind a number of players at his same position. In early January 2008, Green's agent asked the Timberwolves to trade his client.[8]
At the 2008 NBA Slam Dunk Contest, Green opened the competition with a dunk he called "The Birthday Cake" in which he blew out a birthday candle on a cupcake set on the back of the rim while dunking. He followed that up with an alley-oop two-handed windmill. His first dunk of the second round was an alley-oop from behind the basket which he put between his legs before dunking. His final dunk of the night was a between-the-legs one-handed slam that he performed after taking off his shoes. He ended up finishing second to Dwight Howard, after Howard received seventy-eight percent of the votes cast by fans through text message.[9][10]
Houston Rockets (2008)[link]
On February 21, 2008, Green was traded to his hometown team Houston Rockets for Kirk Snyder, a second round 2010 draft pick, and cash considerations. He was subsequently released by the Rockets on March 8[11] and became an unrestricted free agent in July.
Dallas Mavericks (2008-2009)[link]
On July 1, 2008, Gerald Green signed with the Dallas Mavericks. His agent Colin Bryant told Fox 26 Sports, "We have a verbal agreement with Dallas on a one year contract, We talked to a number of teams and there is more money out there, but this is the best situation for Gerald at this point in his career."[12]
Green was not supposed to go to the summer league but chose to go to learn the plays and get a feeling of the Mavs organization early and not let his chance slip away. In the Vegas Summer League he averaged an underwhelming 13.3 ppg and 3.8 rpg on 38% shooting from the field. On a bright note, he was 43% from beyond the arc. Following the Vegas Summer League, the Mavs and Gerald participated in the Rocky Mountain Revue, a summer league held in Salt Lake City, Utah. There in just 25.8 mpg Green averaged 17.7 ppg to go with 2.7 rpg, 1.8 apg, 1 spg, .5 bpg, and a respectable 2.2 topg. This time around, Gerald shot a much more impressive 45%, including going 12 for 26 from behind the three point line (46%), and 28-31 from the free throw line (90%). His overall performance was enough to earn him All-Revue Team honors.
Outside the NBA (2009-2011)[link]
Green signed with PBC Lokomotiv-Kuban of Russia on December 2009.[13] He was waived by the Lokomotiv Kuban on June 2010. He then was named to the Los Angeles Lakers roster for the 2010 NBA Summer League.[14] After the Summer League, Green signed with BC Krasnye Krylya, also a Russian team.[15] In October 2011 he moved to China, signing a one-year contract with the Foshan Dralions.[16] On December 2, 2011, Green was released by Foshan.[17]
Los Angeles D-Fenders (2011-2012)[link]
On December 28, 2011, Green signed with the Los Angeles D-Fenders of the NBA Development League. He played at the NBA D-League All-Star game and was awarded the NBA D-League All-Star Game Most Valuable Player. Over the season, he averaged 19.1 points, 2.6 rebounds and 1.6 assists per game. He recorded 30 points or more thrice, with a season-high of 35 points against the Erie BayHawks.[18]
New Jersey Nets[link]
The New Jersey Nets signed Green to a 10-day contract on February 27, 2012. He was signed to a second 10-day contract on March 8, 2012. His dunk against the Houston Rockets on March 11, 2012 was called "one of the dirtiest in-game windmill alley-oops in NBA history".[19] On March 18, 2012, he was signed for the rest of the season. Through the season he averaged 12.9 points, 1.1 assists and 3.5 rebounds in 31 games played.
NBA career statistics[link]
| Legend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | Bold | Career high |
Regular season[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005–06 | Boston | 32 | 3 | 11.7 | .478 | .300 | .784 | 1.3 | .6 | .4 | .1 | 5.2 |
| 2006–07 | Boston | 81 | 26 | 22.0 | .419 | .368 | .805 | 2.6 | 1.0 | .5 | .3 | 10.4 |
| 2007–08 | Minnesota | 29 | 0 | 12.3 | .331 | .385 | .829 | 2.1 | 1.0 | .3 | .1 | 5.1 |
| 2007–08 | Houston | 1 | 0 | 4.0 | 1.000 | .000 | .000 | 2.0 | .0 | .0 | .0 | 6.0 |
| 2008–09 | Dallas | 38 | 12 | 9.9 | .439 | .304 | .844 | 1.4 | .4 | .3 | .1 | 5.2 |
| 2011–12 | New Jesey | 31 | 2 | 25.2 | .481 | .391 | .754 | 3.5 | 1.1 | .9 | .6 | 12.9 |
| Career | 212 | 43 | 17.3 | .433 | .366 | .799 | 2.2 | .8 | .5 | .2 | 8.3 |
Playoffs[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Dallas | 6 | 0 | 4.3 | .286 | .200 | .500 | .3 | .0 | .2 | .0 | 1.8 |
| Career | 6 | 0 | 4.3 | .286 | .200 | .500 | .3 | .0 | .2 | .0 | 1.8 |
Career transactions[link]
- June 28, 2005: Drafted 18th overall by Boston Celtics in 2005 NBA Draft.
- Assigned to D-League's Fayetteville Patriots on January 6, 2006 until February 3, 2006.[20]
- Assigned to D-League's Florida Flame on February 16, 2006 until February 21, 2006.[20]
- July 31, 2007: Acquired by the Minnesota Timberwolves along with Al Jefferson, Theo Ratliff, Ryan Gomes, Sebastian Telfair and two future first-round draft picks in exchange for Kevin Garnett.[21]
- February 21, 2008: Acquired by the Houston Rockets in exchange for Kirk Snyder, a 2010 second-round draft pick and cash considerations.[22]
- March 8, 2008: Waived by the Rockets
- July 3, 2008: Signed by the Dallas Mavericks.[23]
- July 1, 2009: Became a free agent.
- December 2009: Signed with PBC Lokomotiv-Kuban of Russia.[13]
- August 2010: Signed with BC Krasnye Krylia of Russia.[15]
- October 2011: Signed with the Foshan Dralions of China.[16]
- December 2011: Contract terminated by Foshan Dralions.[17]
- December 13, 2011: Signed with the Los Angeles Lakers.[24]
- December 22, 2011: Waived by the Lakers.[25]
- December 28, 2011: Acquired by the Los Angeles D-Fenders.
- February 27, 2012: Signed a 10-day contract with the New Jersey Nets.[26]
- March 8, 2012: Signed a second 10-day contract with the New Jersey Nets.[27]
- March 18, 2012: Signed with New Jersey Nets for the remainder of the season.
Awards[link]
- 2005 McDonald's All-American Slam Dunk Contest winner
- 2007 NBA Slam Dunk Contest winner
- 2008 NBA Slam Dunk Contest runner-up
- 2008 Rocky Mountain Revue All-Revue Team
References[link]
- ^ a b Robinson, Jon (2005-09-29). "Gerald Green: Color of Money". IGN. http://sports.ign.com/articles/654/654675p1.html. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
- ^ Radcliffe, Jennifer. "Fresh start for struggling school." Houston Chronicle. April 9, 2009. Retrieved on April 11, 2009.
- ^ NBADraft.net | 2005 McDonald's All-American Game Recap
- ^ Boston Celtics summer league statistics
- ^ a b Hawks pull out victory in battle of shorthanded teams
- ^ Nowitzki, Howard help Mavs rebound from back-to-back losses
- ^ Garnett deal finalized - BostonHerald.com
- ^ Green wants a trade
- ^ Howard ends Green’s reign - BostonHerald.com
- ^ http://boss.streamos.com/wmedia/nba/nbacom/tnt/allstar/nba_dunk_best_021708.asx
- ^ Rockets Sign Mike Harris to 10-Day Contract
- ^ MyFox Houston | Gerald Green to Join Dallas
- ^ a b Gerald Green Signs With Russian Team. Retrieved on December 16, 2009.
- ^ NBA Player Page
- ^ a b Krasnye Krylia tabs Gerald Green
- ^ a b Gerald Green signed in China with Foshan
- ^ a b Gerald Green sacked by Chinese club
- ^ "Gerald Green player profile". NBA. http://www.nba.com/dleague/playerfile/gerald_green/index.html. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ Söze, Michael. "Gerald Green Alley-Oop Dunk Brings Down the House in New Jersey [Video"]. The Inquistr. http://www.inquisitr.com/203984/gerald-green-windmill-alley-oop-video-nets-vs-rockets/. Retrieved 22 May 2012.
- ^ a b NBA Development League: 2005-2006 D-League Transactions
- ^ Celtics Acquire 10-Time All-Star Kevin Garnett
- ^ Wolves Trade Green to Rockets
- ^ Mavs go Green: High-flying free agent signs
- ^ Lakers Sign Gerald Green and Malcolm Thomas
- ^ Lakers Waive Five Players
- ^ NETS Sign Gerald Green to 10-Day Contract
- ^ Forward Gerald Green signs second 10-day contract with New Jersey Nets
External links[link]
- Media related to Gerald Green at Wikimedia Commons
- Gerald Green at NBA.com
- Gerald Green at Basketball-Reference.com
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|||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Green, Gerald |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Professional basketball player |
| Date of birth | January 26, 1986 |
| Place of birth | Houston, Texas |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Gerald_Green
Related pages:
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http://fr.wn.com/Gerald Green
http://de.wn.com/Gerald Green (Basketballspieler)
http://it.wn.com/Gerald Green (cestista)
http://pl.wn.com/Gerald Green
http://es.wn.com/Gerald Green
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Stevie Ray Vaughan | |
|---|---|
 Stevie Ray Vaughan performing on Austin City Limits in 1989 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Stephen Ray Vaughan |
| Also known as | SRV |
| Born | (1954-10-03)October 3, 1954 Dallas, Texas |
| Died | August 27, 1990(1990-08-27) (aged 35) East Troy, Wisconsin |
| Genres | Blues rock, electric blues, Texas blues, instrumental rock |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter |
| Instruments | Guitar, vocals |
| Years active | 1965 (1965)–1990 (1990) |
| Labels | Epic, Legacy, Sony |
| Associated acts | Double Trouble, The Fabulous Thunderbirds, Roomful of Blues, Jeff Beck, Joe Cocker |
| Website | srvofficial.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| Fender Stratocaster | |
Stephen Ray "Stevie" Vaughan (October 3, 1954 – August 27, 1990) was an American guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, and a notable recording artist. Often referred to by his initials, SRV, he is best known as the leader of the blues rock band Double Trouble, with whom he recorded four studio albums. Influenced by guitarists of various genres, Vaughan emphasized intensity and emotion in his guitar playing, and favored vintage guitars and amplifiers. He became one of the leading blues rock musicians, encompassing multiple styles, including jazz and ballads.
Born and raised in Dallas as the younger brother of Jimmie Vaughan, he moved to Austin at the age of 17, and formed the band, Triple Threat Revue, that evolved into a band called Double Trouble, in 1978. Accompanied by drummer Chris Layton, bassist Tommy Shannon, and later, keyboardist Reese Wynans, Vaughan became an important figure in Texas blues, a loud, swing-driven fusion of blues and rock. Despite the breakthrough success of Double Trouble's debut Epic album, Texas Flood (1983), Vaughan entered a period of alcohol and drug addiction. In 1986, he successfully completed rehabilitation and released the album In Step in (1989). On August 27, 1990, while departing a concert venue by helicopter in East Troy, Wisconsin, Vaughan was killed when the helicopter crashed into the side of a ski hill. His death triggered a global outpouring of grief, and as many as 3,000 people reportedly attended his public memorial service in Dallas.
Vaughan was highly rated and is considered to be one of the greatest guitarists of all time. He has received critical recognition for his guitar playing, ranked at #7 on Rolling Stone's list of "100 Greatest Guitarists" in 2003. He ranked #3 on Classic Rock magazine's list of "100 Wildest Guitar Heroes" in 2007. Vaughan won six Grammy Awards, including Best Contemporary Blues Performance for In Step. Vaughan was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2000 and won five W.C. Handy Awards. As of 2012, Vaughan has sold over 11.5 million albums with Double Trouble.
Contents |
Life and career[link]
Early life (1954–1964)[link]
Stephen Ray Vaughan was born on October 3, 1954, the younger brother of Jimmie Vaughan, at Methodist Hospital in the Oak Cliff area of Dallas, Texas, a community southwest of the central business district. His mother, Martha Jean Cook, was a secretary,[1] and his father, Jimmie Lee "Big Jim" Vaughan, was an asbestos worker,[2] who was a US Navy veteran of World War II.[3] Throughout his childhood, Vaughan lived in several different cities. Martha acknowledged that the family traveled when Big Jim didn't find work in Dallas.[2] In July 1997, Jimmie recalled their early childhood:
It wasn't really a comfortable 'Leave It to Beaver' kind of a deal, you know. There was a lot of tension, and there was moving all the time, and never really getting to know people ... on the highway all the time and going to school for two weeks here and three weeks here ... It was the absolute perfect training for us to do what we did ... They were great parents, and my mother's the sweetest mother in the world. And I love my dad. There was a lot of happy times and it wasn't all weird and crazy, but there was a lot of that too. We didn't ever know what our old man was gonna do, you know. He'd go off like a rocket. [But] we had the absolute best parents in the world for being the guitar players that we are, when I look back on it now.[2][4]
After watching Jimmie begin playing guitar, Vaughan became fascinated with the instrument, and when he turned seven, Big Jim bought him a toy guitar from Sears.[5] Among the first songs he learned to play were "Wine, Wine, Wine" and "Thunderbird" by the Nightcaps,[6] a Texan garage rock band formed in the 1950s.[7] He also learned to play songs by Jimmy Reed, which ignited Vaughan's love for blues music.[6] Vaughan would spend hours playing along to records note for note and soon became consumed with playing the instrument;[6] he would often practice to records that Jimmie brought home, which exposed him to guitarists such as Lonnie Mack, Jimi Hendrix, Buddy Guy, Muddy Waters, and B.B. King.[8] One of the first to take notice was musician Doyle Bramhall, who said that Vaughan "had it from the get-go", and collaborated with Vaughan extensively in later years.[9]
Vaughan attended Justin F. Kimball High School and was described by Vaughan as "beserk". He often would receive a note from the principal every day stating that his appearance was unacceptable to attend school.[10] After failing music theory, Vaughan briefly attended Southern Methodist University after winning a scholarship to an evening experimental art class.[11] He later fondly spoke of the class, saying: "It was a night class and it was a few kids from all over the city. It was completely wide open. We brought records and talked and worked. If you were working on a piece of sculpture and you decided to come in and smash it, you did it. If you wanted to look at it, you did that. The class was great, I learned a lot in it, but it was on the nights when I was supposed to be rehearsing."[12]
Music career and Double Trouble (1965–1982)[link]
Vaughan began performing with bands at age 10,[13] playing bass guitar in Jimmie's band, Texas Storm,[11] and forming his own group, Blackbird.[14] He made his first recordings with Cast of Thousands, a group that featured future actor, Stephen Tobolowsky, on vocals.[15] By the time he entered high school, Vaughan began getting paid for late-night performances in local bars and clubs, leaving him exhausted for class the next morning.[16] After Jimmie moved out of the home at age 15, Vaughan's parents were starting to express apprehension on his career choice. He took a job washing dishes at a local dairy mart for $0.70 an hour, later falling into a barrel of grease.[17] He ultimately quit and devoted his life to being a professional musician:
When I was about twelve, I had been a dishwasher for a while, and part of my job was to clean out the trash bin. That involved standing on these big 55-gallon barrels with wooden lids on them, where they'd put all the hot grease.One day I was out there cleaning out the bin, having a blast, and the top broke and I fell in. Just as I finally got out—I'd been up to my chest in grease—they came with two fresh hot vats of boiling grease and I got out just in time. If I'd taken a break later, I would have been a fried guy! The woman fired me because I broke the lids on the barrel, and right then and there I decided, 'Wait a minute. This is not what I want to do. I want to play guitar like Albert King!' And that's the last job I've had other than playing guitar. So, thank you, Albert, for helping me there.[18]
Vaughan left school after seven weeks of his senior year and moved with Blackbird to Austin, Texas.[19] Upon arrival, Vaughan recalls that he lived in a club called Rolling Hills—which later became the Soap Creek Saloon—and slept on either the pool table, stage, or floor, though he also said that it was one of his favorite times.[18] In December 1972, Blackbird reformed as Krackerjack and included bassist, Tommy Shannon.[20] After two months Vaughan parted with the band to join Marc Benno and the Nightcrawlers, which included singer, Doyle Bramhall. With the help of producer, David Anderle, the Nightcrawlers recorded an album at Sunset Sound Recorders in Hollywood for A&M Records.[21] Vaughan co-wrote two of the songs from the album including "Crawlin'" and "Dirty Pool". When co-founder, Jerry Moss, suggested adding horns to the album, Benno refused. As a result A&M shelved the project, and the Nightcrawlers returned to Texas without Benno.[22] The group continued to perform in venues like the Armadillo World Headquarters only to break up a year later.[23] In 2006, the recordings were later released by Blue Skunk Music.[24]
In 1975 Vaughan joined guitarist, Denny Freeman, in Paul Ray and the Cobras, a group that appeared weekly at the Soap Creek Saloon.[25] After two years of performances, Paul Ray was diagnosed with nodes on his throat, leaving the vocal duties to Vaughan during his absence.[26] This prompted Vaughan to quit the Cobras and form a group called Triple Threat Revue, which included vocalist Lou Ann Barton, bassist W. C. Clark, and drummer Fredde "Pharoah" Walden.[27] After Clark left to form his own band, he was replaced by Jackie Newhouse, and the group was renamed Double Trouble after a song by Otis Rush.[28] Chris Layton replaced Walden after he quit the band in July 1978.[29] Barton was later fired due to a drunken incident following a performance,[30] and Double Trouble became a power trio. Tommy Shannon, who played with Vaughan in Krackerjack, replaced Newhouse after attending a Double Trouble performance in Houston.[32][33]
[edit] Texas Flood, Couldn't Stand the Weather and Carnegie Hall (1983–1984)
File:SRV Montreux 1982.jpg
Stevie Ray Vaughan performing at the Montreux Jazz Festival in 1982.
In 1983 Vaughan contributed to David Bowie's album, Let's Dance; the album sold over three times as many copies as Bowie's previous best-seller.[34] Vaughan was invited to join Bowie's band for the Serious Moonlight Tour, but Vaughan declined at the urging of his management.[17] Double Trouble's reputation began to build, and a July 1982 appearance at the Montreux Jazz Festival brought them to the attention of record producer John H. Hammond.[35] In March 1983, Double Trouble signed with Epic Records, a subsidiary of CBS Records.[35] In June of the same year Epic remixed and released Texas Flood.[36] The album had spawned several singles, including "Pride and Joy", "Love Struck Baby", and "Mary Had a Little Lamb".[37]
In the fall of 1983 Double Trouble opened 17 shows for The Moody Blues; the band received $5,000 per show, plus a bonus for successful ticket sales.[38] In December of '83, Stevie Ray recorded a CD and DVD session with Albert King and also that same December 1983, Double Trouble performed for a taping of Austin City Limits;[39] the show aired on February 28, 1984, and featured Jimmie's band, The Fabulous Thunderbirds.[40] Producer, Terry Lickona, agreed that Vaughan's performance was "a combination of nervous, paranoid, and so insecure", saying that he had "zero self-confidence" and was "sweating big-time the whole night".[41] Double Trouble also performed a sold-out show in New York City's Beacon Theatre, with Rolling Stones vocalist Mick Jagger in attendance.[40] By the end of 1983, Texas Flood received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Traditional Blues Recording. "Rude Mood" was nominated for Best Rock Instrumental Performance.[42]
Couldn't Stand the Weather, Double Trouble's second album, was released in 1984 to generally favorable reviews. Allmusic gave positive, although reserved, feedback, saying that there aren't "many weaknesses on the record, aside from the suspicion that Vaughan didn't really push himself as hard as he could have".[43] Music critic Robert Christgau called it "a roadhouse album with gargantuan sonic imagination".[44] The album was commercially successful, and while it did not receive better accolades, it peaked at number 31 on the US Billboard 200 chart.[43]
On October 4, 1984, Double Trouble performed a sold-out benefit concert at New York City's Carnegie Hall. In celebration of Vaughan's thirtieth birthday, the show featured many special guests including the Roomful of Blues horn section, keyboardist Dr. John, Jimmie Vaughan, vocalist Angela Strehli, and drummer George Rains. The band wore custom velvet "mariachi" suits and designed a stage set of blue and gold.[45] Vaughan originally planned to film the performance for future video release, though CBS Records declined. Strehli recalls: "...it was supposed to be videoed and at the last minute they pulled some kind of union thing: 'Well, this show is going to run past eleven, so that means we get double time.' So they had to cancel the video part, which is just a shame."[46]
File:SRV Carnegie Hall.jpg
Stevie Ray Vaughan performing at Carnegie Hall.
The concert was sold-out with Vaughan's closest friends, and family in the audience;[45] the proceeds benefited the T.J. Martell Foundation's work in leukemia and cancer research.[47] Vaughan was extremely excited and nervous, saying: "The last time I was that nervous is when I got married, but I couldn't show that to anybody ... I calmed down about halfway through 'Voodoo Chile.' I looked over at Tommy [Shannon], and he was just sort of staring at me, and that's when I knew it was gonna be all right."[48] An afterparty was thrown by MTV for the band, record company, and other VIPs.[49] According to the Dallas Times Herald, it took Vaughan an hour just to walk from the bar to the table across the room where his parents were sitting; the article also said, "Stevie Ray found his father, a retired asbestos worker who hadn't taken a plane ride since the Korean War, and hugged him until they both cried." After the show, Jimmie recalled that he was worried that the crowd would have been "a little stiff", saying "[It] turned out they're just like any other beer joint."[50]
Following the Carnegie Hall performance, Double Trouble toured Australia and New Zealand, performing two shows at the Sydney Opera House.[51] With increasing exposure, Vaughan's talent earned him two W. C. Handy Awards. He was the first white musician to receive Entertainer of the Year and Instrumentalist of the Year.[52] Vaughan also co-produced and played on Lonnie Mack's album Strike Like Lightning. Released in April 1985, the album become Alligator Records' best seller.[53]
[edit] Soul to Soul and substance abuse (1985–1986)
In April 1985, Vaughan appeared on opening day at the Houston Astrodome to perform "The Star Spangled Banner". Although he was the first guitarist to have opened a major league baseball game with the national anthem, Vaughan supposedly did not receive a positive reception for the rendition;[54] one reporter said, "I was sure he'd be dead by the time he hit 30."[4] Double Trouble's third studio album, titled Soul to Soul, was released on September 30, 1985, and featured new keyboardist Reese Wynans. Vaughan suggested that the album was named Soul to Soul because the band "learned a lot" and "grew a lot closer".[55] Two singles from the album—"Change It" and "Look at Little Sister"—both peaked at number 17 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.[56]
In March 1986, Double Trouble shared the bill with The Fabulous Thunderbirds during a tour of Australia and New Zealand.[57] The band recorded live concerts across three nights of a subsequent US tour in Austin and Dallas.[58] These recordings, along with a 1985 appearance at the Montreux Jazz Festival, were released as Live Alive on November 17, 1986. The album included a previously unreleased cover of Stevie Wonder's song "Superstition".[59] Vaughan later admitted that the album wasn't his best, saying, "I wasn't in very good shape when we recorded Live Alive. At the time, I didn't realize how bad a shape I was in. There were more fix-it jobs done on the album than I would have liked. Some of the work sounds like [it was] the work of half-dead people. There were some great notes that came out, but I just wasn't in control; nobody was."[60]
Vaughan developed a serious alcohol and cocaine habit while touring with Double Trouble; his performance contract called for two fifths of Crown Royal and one fifth of Smirnoff.[61] His cocaine use increased to a quarter-ounce a day (about seven grams) and spiraled into a life-threatening dependency. Doyle Bramhall recalls that there were "mounds of cocaine laying on top of the organ", saying, "Where I was doing a lot, Stevie was doing five times, ten times more than I was doing."[4] Vaughan's stomach became fiercely scarred from dissolving half a gram of cocaine in alcohol,[62] leaving hundreds of small cuts in the stomach lining.[63] During a tour of Europe a month later, Vaughan was hospitalized in Ludwigshafen for suffering from near-death dehydration after years of alcohol and substance abuse. Tommy Shannon said that as Vaughan tried to get up from his hotel bed, he vomited all over his chest and was covered with a puddle of blood. Layton recalled:
We called an ambulance, and these German medics showed up in long white coats, shouting German to one another. They pulled out I.V.'s and we were screaming, 'Hey! Wait a minute! What the hell's going on?' They spoke not a word of English, and we spoke no German. They put I.V.'s in him, and they wanted to take him to the hospital. We were yelling, 'Where are you taking him? What's happening? How will we find him?' They were giving him saline solution because they'd determined, by looking at his eyes and checking his vital signs, that he was suffering from near-death dehydration. They were trying to hydrate him. While he was laying on the bed, I looked into his eyes, and it was like looking into the eyes of a dead deer on the side of the road. They were almost dry, with no life in them. I got scared shitless.All of a sudden, the life came back into his eyes, and he said, 'I need help,' real weakly. I took that as the moment where he realized this has got to change. Not like, 'I need to get better so I can go back to doing what I've been doing,' but 'everything has to change.'[64]
Rehabilitation and final years (1986–1990)[link]
Vaughan was urged by a doctor to check into Peachford Hospital, a drug rehabilitation clinic in Atlanta, to begin a full recovery.[65] About a month later, he checked out of Peachford and went back to touring.[66] Fully recovered and healthy, Vaughan began living a more spiritual, ascetic lifestyle. He became more health-conscious and quit smoking cigarettes.[59] To maintain his sobriety and prevent a relapse, Vaughan removed a stipulation for being provided with alcohol backstage.[67]
In October 1988, Vaughan began recording his fourth studio album with Double Trouble, In Step (1989);[68] he enjoyed the chance the album gave him to express his experience with sobriety.[69] Vaughan brought with him his deep devotion to music and sobriety, which had an impact on the band's positive attitude during the album. His goal to improve his guitar playing on the album was largely driven by a desire to make better music, or as drummer Chris Layton put it, more "essential music".[70] Many of the songs written for In Step were composed during the Live Alive Tour.[71] The album was stylistically unlike their previous albums, with less blues and more original, groove-oriented material.
In January 1990, Vaughan gave a speech at an AA meeting; a recording and transcript of the speech have been widely circulated on the internet.[72] On January 30, Vaughan made a guest appearance on MTV Unplugged in New York City, performing "Rude Mood", "Pride and Joy", and "Testify".[73] In March, Vaughan collaborated with his brother, Jimmie, to record Family Style, produced by Nile Rodgers[74] which was released on September 25, 1990.[75] Containing ten songs, the album was a long-awaited project for both brothers; Jimmie said that the sessions "seemed natural" and "almost like we were back home".[76] Vaughan said, "We've probably gotten closer making this record than we have been since we were little kids at home, and I can honestly say I needed it."[4]
In August 1990, Double Trouble opened for Eric Clapton during two concerts held at Alpine Valley Music Theatre in East Troy, Wisconsin. The second of the two shows took place on August 26 and featured a jam session, including Vaughan, with Clapton, Robert Cray, Buddy Guy, and Jimmie Vaughan, who performed "Sweet Home Chicago" as the finale to Clapton's set;[77] Clapton introduced them as "the best guitar players in the entire world".[78] Drummer Chris Layton recalled the conversation he had with Vaughan backstage after the show:
The conversation was actually very light; there was nothing heavy in it. It was just like, 'this is a great coupla nights and wasn't it great to be here,' and talked about the record that he and Jimmie just made, how they had a lot of fun and that was exciting. He was looking forward to that coming out and looking forward to us making another record. He was in great spirits. I mean, we just had two great nights and we talked about all kinds of stuff, talked about the son that my wife and I were getting ready to have–we didn't know it was a boy–but just anything and everything. We talked for, I guess, almost 30 minutes.Then he got up and said, 'I'm gonna go back down to the dressing room for a minute.' I don't know, maybe five minutes or so later, he came back up and he had his jacket on, he had his bags. He was making this turn, and I said, 'Hey, what are you doin'?' And he said, 'I'm gonna go back to Chicago.' I said 'Well, now?' And he said, 'Yeah, I gotta get back. I want to call Janna,' his girlfriend, in New York. I thought, 'Jeez, you could actually call her anywhere and then call her later,' but he turned around and said, 'Call me when you get back. I love you,' and kinda gave me that wink of the eye he would do. And then he was gone. He just disappeared into the night.[79]
Death[link]
Main article: Death of Stevie Ray Vaughan
On August 27, 1990, all of the musicians boarded four helicopters bound for Chicago, which were waiting on a nearby golf course. According to a witness, there was reportedly haze and fog of varying intensity with patches of low clouds. Despite the conditions, the pilots were instructed to fly over a 1000-foot ski hill. Vaughan, along with three members of Clapton's entourage, boarded the third of the four helicopters–a Bell 206B Jet Ranger–flying to Meigs Field. At about 12:50 am (CDT),[80] the helicopter departed from an elevation of about 850 feet, veered to the left and crashed into the hill. All of the passengers, including the pilot, Jeff Brown, were killed instantly.[81]
At 4:30 am, Civil Air Patrol was notified of the accident, ultimately locating the crash site almost three hours later.[80] Both Clapton and Jimmie were told to identify the bodies; a Coptic cross necklace, worn by Vaughan, was given to Jimmie. The Walworth County coroner conducted an autopsy and found that Vaughan suffered from multiple internal and skull injuries.[82] The cause of death was officially stated as "exsanguination due to transverse laceration of the aorta".[81] According to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, a veteran pilot for Alpine Valley suspected that Brown attempted to fly around the ski hill, but misjudged the location.[83] Clapton issued a statement the next day, saying that the victims "were my companions, my associates and my friends. This is a tragic loss of some very special people. I will miss all of them very much."[84]
Vaughan's memorial was held on August 30, 1990, at Laurel Land Cemetery in Dallas, where he was buried next to his father,[85] and was preceded by a private chapel service for close friends and family. Reverend Barry Bailey of the United Methodist Church in Fort Worth, who was Vaughan's AA sponsor, opened the service with personal thoughts: "We're here to thank God for this man's life. He was a genius, a superstar, a musician's musician. He captured the hearts of thousands and thousands of people. I am thankful for the impact of this man's influence on thousands of people in getting his own life together in the name of God." Kim Wilson, Jeff Healey, Charlie Sexton, ZZ Top, Colin James, and Buddy Guy attended the event. Stevie Wonder, Jackson Browne, and Bonnie Raitt sang "Amazing Grace" at the event.[86] Nile Rodgers gave a eulogy,[87] while a member of the Nightcrawlers read chapters five and eleven from The Big Book, a self-help book by Alcoholics Anonymous.[88] In 1995, the Vaughan family received an undisclosed settlement for wrongful death.[89]
Aftermath[link]
In the months that followed his death, Vaughan sold over 5.5 million albums in the United States.[90] On September 25, 1990, Epic released Family Style, with several promotional singles and videos.[75] In November 1990, CMV Enterprises released Pride and Joy, a collection of eight Double Trouble music videos.[91] Sony signed a deal with the Vaughan estate to obtain control of his back catalog, as well as permission to release albums with previously unreleased material and new collections of released work.[92] On October 29, 1991, The Sky Is Crying was released as Vaughan's first posthumous album with Double Trouble, and featured studio recordings from 1984–1985.[93] Other compilations, live albums, and films have also been released since his death.
On October 3, 1991, former Texas governor Ann Richards proclaimed "Stevie Ray Vaughan Commemoration Day", during which a memorial concert was held at the Texas Theatre.[93] In 1993, a memorial statue of Vaughan was unveiled on Auditorium Shores and is the first public monument of a musician in Austin.[94] In September 1994, a Stevie Ray Vaughan Memorial Run for Recovery was held in Dallas; the event was a benefit for the Ethel Daniels Foundation, established to help those in recovery from alcoholism and drug addiction who cannot afford treatment.[95] In 2005, Martha Vaughan established the Stevie Ray Vaughan Scholarship, awarded by W.E. Greiner Middle School to students who intend to attend college and pursue the arts as a profession.[96]
Personal life[link]
Vaughan and Lenora "Lenny" Bailey met in 1973 after one of Vaughan's performances with the Nightcrawlers at La Cucaracha, a nightclub in east Austin.[97][98] Although moved by Vaughan's musical prowess, she was attracted to his charmingly modest personality.[99] Double Trouble's song "Love Struck Baby", he said, was written about her, after claiming July 5 as their "love struck day".[100] The couple were married on December 23, 1979, between sets at the Rome Inn in Austin, using pieces of wire for rings. Drummer, Chris Layton, described the ceremony as "spontaneous",[4] saying, "It wasn't like there was invitations sent out or a certain group of people attended—it was just whoever was there was hanging around." Layton also said their marriage was "pretty excitable and passionate".[101]
Upon return to their home in Austin from touring, Vaughan found the house padlocked, electricity shut off, and Lenny nowhere to be found. Biographers, Joe Nick Patoski and Bill Crawford, wrote that she, "squandered his road earnings on dope while running around with other men that one acquaintance glibly described as 'police characters.'"[100] After she declined to visit Vaughan in treatment for substance abuse, he filed for divorce three months later. The case was settled out of court, with Lenny receiving alimony, plus $50,000 in cash and twenty-five percent of net royalties (excluding albums after Live Alive).[102] Vaughan's manager attributes the demise of their marriage to "jealousy" and "unfaithfulness", and as a result, they were both brokenhearted.[103]
On March 12, 1986, Double Trouble arrived in New Zealand for a performance at the Wellington Town Hall, where Vaughan was sitting outside his hotel room. Janna Lapidus, who was born in Russia, ran into Vaughan on the street and immediately struck up a friendship. In October 1986, while Vaughan was in the London Clinic for substance abuse, Lapidus visited him;[104] they both decided to be together after seeing an older couple in front of them during a walk in Hyde Park.[105]
During Vaughan's last two years before his death, he referred to Lapidus as his fiancée. They often made public appearances together including a commercial for Europa, a New Zealand-owned oil company.[106] Janna also appeared in the video for 'The House is a Rockin' They first lived at Vaughan's childhood home in Dallas,[107] then moved to a house on Travis Street on May 3, 1987.[108] Lapidus found modeling work in New York City, and they relocated to a Manhattan apartment at Park Avenue and 24th Street in May 1990, splitting their time between Dallas and New York City.[109]
Guitar virtuosity[link]
Influences[link]
Vaughan's music took root in blues, rock, and jazz. He was influenced by the work of blues artists such as Albert King, B.B. King, Freddie King, Albert Collins, Johnny "Guitar" Watson, Buddy Guy, Howlin' Wolf, Otis Rush, Guitar Slim, Chuck Berry, and Muddy Waters. According to nightclub owner Clifford Antone, who opened Antone's in 1975, Vaughan jammed with Albert King at Antone's in July 1977 and almost "scared him to death", saying that "it was the best I've ever saw Albert or the best I ever saw Stevie".[110] He was influenced by rock artists including Jimi Hendrix and Lonnie Mack, along with jazz guitarists like Django Reinhardt, Wes Montgomery, Kenny Burrell, and George Benson.[111] While Albert King had a substantial influence on Vaughan, Jimi Hendrix was Vaughan's greatest inspiration. Vaughan declared: "I love Hendrix for so many reasons. He was so much more than just a blues guitarist–he played damn well any kind of guitar he wanted. In fact I'm not sure if he even played the guitar–he played music."[112]
Vaughan owed his guitar technique in large part to Lonnie Mack, who Vaughan observed in live performance as "ahead of his time".[112] Mack later recalled his first meeting with Vaughan in 1978: "We was in Texas looking for pickers, and we went out to see the Thunderbirds. Jimmie was saying, 'Man, you gotta hear my little brother. He plays all your [songs].' He was playing a little place called the Rome Inn, and we went over there and checked him out. As it would be, when I walked in the door, he was playing 'Wham!' And I said, 'Dadgum.' He was playing it right. I'd been playing it wrong for a long time and needed to go back and listen to my original record. That was in '78, I believe."[57] Vaughan owed part of his enduring style—especially his use of tremolo picking and vibrato—to Mack. He acknowledged that Mack taught him to "play guitar from the heart".[113]
Guitars[link]
Vaughan owned and used a variety of guitars during his career. His guitar of choice, and the instrument that he became most associated with, was the Fender Stratocaster, his favorite being a 1963 model acquired in a trade in 1974.[114] He started using the model during high school and used them exclusively in his live performances and recordings. Vaughan bought many Stratocasters and gave some away as gifts. A sunburst Diplomat Strat-style guitar was purchased by Vaughan and given to his late girlfriend Janna Lapidus to learn to play on.[115] Vaughan used heavy strings, tuned a half-step below standard tuning. Heavy use of the vibrato bar necessitated frequent replacements; Vaughan often had his roadie, Byron Barr, obtain custom stainless steel bars made by Barr's father.[116] Vaughan was also photographed playing a National Duolian, Epiphone Riviera, Gibson Flying V, as well as several other models.[117] Vaughan used a Gibson Johnny Smith to record "Stang's Swang", and a Guild 12-string acoustic for his performance on MTV Unplugged in January 1990.[115] On June 24, 2004, one of Vaughan's Stratocasters, dubbed "Lenny", was sold at an auction to benefit Eric Clapton's Crossroads Centre in Antigua; the instrument was bought by Guitar Center for $623,500.[118]
Amplifiers and effects[link]
Vaughan was a catalyst in the revival of vintage amplifiers and effects during the 1980s. His loud volume and use of heavy strings required powerful and robust amplifiers. Vaughan used two black-face Fender Vibroverbs, which were crucial in shaping his clear overdriven sound. He would often blend other amps with the Vibroverbs including black-face Fender Super Reverbs,[115] and brands such as Dumble, and Marshall.[119] While his mainstay effects were the Ibanez Tube Screamer and a Vox wah-wah pedal,[120] Vaughan experimented with a range of effects. He used a Fender Vibratone,[115] designed as a Leslie speaker for electric guitars, and provided a warbling chorus effect, which can be heard on the track "Cold Shot". He used a vintage Dallas Arbiter Fuzz Face that can be heard on In Step, as well as an Octavia.[120]
Legacy and influence[link]
Vaughan throughout his career revived blues rock and paved the way for many other artists. Vaughan's work continues to influence numerous blues, rock and alternative artists, including John Mayer,[121] Kenny Wayne Shepherd,[122] Mike McCready,[123] Albert Cummings,[124] and Los Lonely Boys,[125] among others. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine described Vaughan as "the leading light in American blues" and developed "a uniquely eclectic and fiery style that sounded like no other guitarist, regardless of genre".[126] In 1983, Variety magazine called Vaughan the "guitar hero of the present era".[127]
Awards and honors[link]
Vaughan won five W. C. Handy Awards[128] and was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2000.[129] In 1985, he was named an honorary admiral in the Texas Navy.[130] Vaughan had a single number one hit on the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart for the song "Crossfire".[131] His album sales in the US stand at over 15 million units. Family Style, released shortly after his death, won the 1991 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Blues Album and became his best-selling, non-Double Trouble studio album with over a million shipments in the US.[90] In 2003, Rolling Stone ranked him seventh among the "100 Greatest Guitar Players of All Time".[132] He also became eligible for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2008.[133]
Discography[link]
Main article: Stevie Ray Vaughan discography
- Texas Flood (1983)
- Couldn't Stand the Weather (1984)
- Soul to Soul (1985)
- Live Alive (1986)
- In Step (1989)
- Family Style (with Jimmie Vaughan) (1990), produced by Nile Rodgers
- The Sky Is Crying (1991)
- In the Beginning (1992)
- Greatest Hits (1995)
- Live at Carnegie Hall (1997)
- The Real Deal: Greatest Hits Volume 2 (1999)
- In Session (with Albert King) (1999)
- Blues at Sunrise (2000)
- SRV: Box Set (2000)
- Live at Montreux 1982 & 1985 (2001)
- The Essential Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble (2002)
- Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Stevie Ray Vaughan (2003)
- The Real Deal: Greatest Hits Volume 1 (2006)
- Solos, Sessions & Encores (2007)
- Couldn't Stand the Weather (Legacy Edition) (2010)
See also[link]
- 1980s in music
- List of blues rock performers
- List of electric blues musicians
- List of guitarists
- List of Texas blues musicians
- Music of Austin
- Music of Texas
Citations[link]
- ^ Hopkins 2011a, p. 3.
- ^ a b c Hopkins 2010, p. 5.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 143.
- ^ a b c d e Legends 1997.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 7.
- ^ a b c Hopkins 2010, p. 8.
- ^ Daboub v. Gibbons 1995.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 9.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 15.
- ^ Claypool 1978.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2010, p. 25.
- ^ The Dallas Morning News 1985.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 10.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 46.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 37.
- ^ Hopkins 2011a, p. 24.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 16.
- ^ a b White 1991.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 54.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 68.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 73.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 76.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 86.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 314.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 91.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 107.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 108.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 124.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 127.
- ^ Hopkins 2011a, p. 151.
- ^ Burrows, Jerry (1998). The Encyclopedia of Guitar. New York: Carlton. pp. 22.
- ^ Hopkins 2010.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 167.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 12.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 9.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 21.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 22.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 39.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 43.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 44.
- ^ Live from Austin, Texas 1995.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 45.
- ^ a b Allmusic 2012a.
- ^ Christgau 1984.
- ^ a b Schwartz 1997.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 72.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 73.
- ^ Rhodes 1984a.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 75.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 74.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 78.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 79.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 96.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 95.
- ^ Rosen 1985.
- ^ Allmusic 2012b.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 128.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, pp. 136-137.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 152.
- ^ Paul 1999.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 76.
- ^ Hall 1987.
- ^ Joule 1988.
- ^ Aledort 2000.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 150.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 151.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 153.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 197.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 196.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 200.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 194.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 231.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 236.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 238.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 271.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 239.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 259.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 261.
- ^ In the Studio 1993.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 263.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 264.
- ^ The Daily Union 1990.
- ^ Held 1990.
- ^ Digiovanni 1990.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 285.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 266.
- ^ Milkowski 1990.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 267.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 292.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 277.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 274.
- ^ Crawford 1995.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 279.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 287.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 289.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 312.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 79.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 129.
- ^ Guitar Center 2007.
- ^ a b Patoski & Crawford 1993.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 153.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 189.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 136.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 147.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 148.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 182.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 161.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 168.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 242.
- ^ Hopkins 2010, p. 106.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 155.
- ^ a b Joseph 1983.
- ^ Request 1989.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 322.
- ^ a b c d Hopkins 2011, p. 326.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 323.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, pp. 325-326.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 324.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, pp. 326-327.
- ^ a b Hopkins 2011, p. 327.
- ^ Fricke 2007.
- ^ Jordan 2011.
- ^ Rotondi 1994.
- ^ Holland 2005.
- ^ Salamon 2011.
- ^ Allmusic 2012c.
- ^ Variety 1983.
- ^ "Past Blues Music Awards". Blues Foundation. 1984. http://www.blues.org/#ref=bluesmusicawards_pastyears. Retrieved December 20, 2010.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 304.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 93.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 229.
- ^ Fricke 2003.
- ^ Hopkins 2011, p. 316.
References[link]
- Allmusic. Couldn't Stand the Weather - Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble; 2012 [cited January 12, 2012].
- Allmusic. Soul To Soul - Stevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble; 2012 [cited January 12, 2012].
- Allmusic. Stevie Ray Vaughan - Biography; 2012 [cited January 26, 2012].
- "Best of Stevie Ray Vaughan". In the Studio. June 21, 1993. Album Network.
- Christgau, Robert. Consumer Guide Reviews; 2012 [cited January 12, 2012].
- Claypool, Bob. Audience hypnotized by Stevie Vaughan. Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. July 30, 1978.
- Crawford, Bill. Stevie Ray Vaughan: The Artistic Afterlife. The Austin Chronicle. October 6, 1995.
- Digiovanni, Joe. Vaughan, Eric Clapton aides die in copter crash. The Daily Gazette. August 28, 1990.
- Fricke, David. The New Guitar Gods: John Mayer, John Frusciante and Derek Trucks. Guitar World. [archived March 27, 2010; cited January 25, 2012].
- Fricke, David. 100 Greatest Guitarists: David Fricke's Picks. Rolling Stone. 2003 [cited January 26, 2012].
- Hall, Ken. Cold Shot to Cold Turkey. Music. November 5, 1987.
- Held, Tom. Pilot says he wouldn't have flown. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. August 28, 1990.
- Holland, Brian D.. Modern Guitars. [archived July 5, 2008; cited January 25, 2012].
- Hopkins, Craig. Stevie Ray Vaughan - Day by Day, Night After Night: His Early Years, 1954-1982. Backbeat Books; September 15, 2010. ISBN 978-1-4234-8598-8.
- Hopkins, Craig. Stevie Ray Vaughan - Day by Day, Night After Night: His Final Years, 1983-1990. Backbeat Books; October 18, 2011. ISBN 978-1-61774-022-0.
- Jordan, Oscar. Kenny Wayne Shepherd - How He Goes. Premier Guitar. August 2011.
- Joseph, Frank. Before the Flood: Stevie Ray on the making of Texas Flood. Guitar World. September 1983.
- Joule, Steve. Life Without Booze. Kerrang!. June 25, 1988.
- Live from Austin, Texas (Liner notes). New York City: Sony Music Entertainment.
- Milkowski, Bill. The Good Texan. Guitar World. December 1990.
- My Guitar Heroes. Request. July 10, 1989.
- Patoski, Joe Nick; Crawford, Bill. Stevie Ray Vaughan: Caught in the Crossfire. Little, Brown and Company; 1993. ISBN 978-0-316-16068-1.
- Paul, Alan. Blue Smoke. Guitar World. August 1999.
- Rhodes, Joe. Even now, Stevie Ray has to pinch himself. Dallas Times Herald. October 11, 1984.
- Rhodes, Joe. Stevie Ray wows Carnegie crowd. Dallas Times Herald. October 6, 1984.
- Rosen, Steven. Modern Guitars. [archived January 5, 2011; cited January 19, 2012].
- Rotondi, James. Blood on the Tracks. Guitar Player. January 1994.
- Salamon, Jeff. Los Lonely Boys. Texas Monthly. April 2011.
- Schwartz, Andy (1984). Live at Carnegie Hall (booklet). Epic Records. http://albumlinernotes.com/Live_at_Carnegie_Hall.html.
- Stevie Ray Vaughan. The Dallas Morning News. March 17, 1985.
- Variety. December 1983.
- Vaughan died of multiple injuries. The Daily Union. August 29, 1990.
- White, Timothy. SRV: Talking With The Master. Musician. June 1991.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Stevie Ray Vaughan |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Stevie Ray Vaughan |
- Official website
- Stevie Ray Vaughan at Allmusic
- Stevie Ray Vaughan discography at Discogs
- Stevie Ray Vaughan's channel on YouTube
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Vaughan, Stevie Ray |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American guitarist, songwriter and recording artist |
| Date of birth | October 3, 1954 |
| Place of birth | Dallas, Texas |
| Date of death | August 27, 1990 |
| Place of death | East Troy, Wisconsin |
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This article is about Ed Sullivan, the person. For his TV show, see The Ed Sullivan Show.
For other people named Edward Sullivan, see Edward Sullivan (disambiguation).
| Ed Sullivan | |
|---|---|
 Sullivan in 1955 |
|
| Born | Edward Vincent Sullivan (1901-09-28)September 28, 1901 New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | October 13, 1974(1974-10-13) (aged 73) New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Occupation | Television host Writer |
| Years active | 1932–1973 |
| Spouse | Sylvia (m. 1930–1973) |
Edward Vincent "Ed" Sullivan (September 28, 1901 – October 13, 1974) was an American entertainment writer and television host, best known as the presenter of the TV variety show The Ed Sullivan Show. The show was broadcast from 1948 to 1971 (a total of 23 years), which made it one of the longest-running variety shows in U.S. broadcast history.[1]
In 1996, Ed Sullivan was ranked #50 on TV Guide's "50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time".[2]
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Sullivan was born in New York City, New York, the son of Elizabeth F. (née Smith) and Peter Arthur Sullivan, a customs house employee.[3] He was of Irish descent.[4] A former boxer, Sullivan began his media work as a newspaper sportswriter for The New York Evening Graphic.[5] When Walter Winchell, one of the original gossip columnists and the most powerful entertainment reporter of his day, left the newspaper for the Hearst syndicate, Sullivan took over as theatre columnist. His theatre column was later carried in The New York Daily News. His column, 'Little Old New York', concentrated on Broadway shows and gossip, as Winchell's had and, like Winchell, he also did show business news broadcasts on radio. Again echoing Winchell, Sullivan took on yet another medium in 1933 by writing and starring in the film Mr. Broadway, which has him guiding the audience around New York nightspots to meet entertainers and celebrities. Sullivan soon became a powerful starmaker in the entertainment world himself, becoming one of Winchell's main rivals, setting the El Morocco nightclub in New York as his unofficial headquarters against Winchell's seat of power at the nearby Stork Club. Sullivan continued writing for The News throughout his broadcasting career and his popularity long outlived that of Winchell.
Television[link]
In 1948, the CBS network hired Sullivan to do a weekly Sunday night TV variety show, Toast of the Town, which later became The Ed Sullivan Show. Debuting in June 1948, the show was broadcast from CBS Studio 50, at 1697 Broadway (at 53rd Street) in New York City, which in 1967 was renamed the Ed Sullivan Theater (and is now the home of The Late Show with David Letterman).[6]
Television critics gave the new show and its host poor reviews.[7] Harriet Van Horne alleged that "he got where he is not by having a personality, but by having no personality." (The host wrote to the critic, "Dear Miss Van Horne: You bitch. Sincerely, Ed Sullivan."[8]) Sullivan had little acting ability; in 1967, 20 years after his show's debut, Time magazine asked "What exactly is Ed Sullivan's talent?"[8] His mannerisms on camera were so awkward that some viewers believed the host suffered from Bell's palsy.[8] Time in 1955 stated that Sullivan resembled
a cigar-store Indian, the Cardiff Giant and a stone-faced monument just off the boat from Easter Island. He moves like a sleepwalker; his smile is that of a man sucking a lemon; his speech is frequently lost in a thicket of syntax; his eyes pop from their sockets or sink so deep in their bags that they seem to be peering up at the camera from the bottom of twin wells.[7]
The magazine concluded, however, that "Yet, instead of frightening children, Ed Sullivan charms the whole family."[7] Sullivan appeared to the audience as an average guy who brought the great acts of show business to their home televisions. ("Ed Sullivan will last", comedian Fred Allen said, "as long as someone else has talent",[7] and frequent guest Alan King said "Ed does nothing, but he does it better than anyone else in television."[8]) He had a newspaperman's instinct for what the public wanted, and programmed his variety hours with remarkable balance. There was something for everyone.[7] A typical show would feature a vaudeville act (acrobats, jugglers, magicians, etc.), one or two popular comedians, a singing star, a hot jukebox favorite, a figure from the legitimate theater, and for the kids, a visit with puppet "Topo Gigio, the little Italian mouse." The bill was often international in scope, with many European performers augmenting the American artists.[8]
Sullivan had a healthy sense of humor about himself and permitted—even encouraged—impersonators such as John Byner, Frank Gorshin, Rich Little and especially Will Jordan to imitate him on his show. Johnny Carson also did a fair impression, and even Joan Rivers imitated Sullivan's unique posture. The impressionists exaggerated his stiffness, raised shoulders, and nasal tenor phrasing, along with some of his commonly used introductions, such as "And now, right here on our stage...", "For all you youngsters out there...", and "a really big shew" (his pronunciation of the word "show"). Will Jordan portrayed Sullivan in the films I Wanna Hold Your Hand, The Buddy Holly Story, The Doors, Mr. Saturday Night, Down with Love, and in the 1979 TV movie Elvis.[9]
In 1963, Ed Sullivan appeared as himself in the film Bye Bye Birdie.
Sullivan, the starmaker[link]
In the 1950s and 1960s, Sullivan was a respected starmaker because of the number of performers that became household names after appearing on the show. He had a knack for identifying and promoting top talent and paid a great deal of money to secure that talent for his show.
When Elvis Presley became popular, Sullivan was wary of the singer's bad-boy style and said that he would never invite Presley on his program. However, Presley became too big a name to ignore, and Sullivan scheduled him to appear on September 8, 1956. In August, however, Sullivan was injured in an automobile accident that occurred near his country home in Southbury, Connecticut. Sullivan had to take a medical leave from the series and missed the Elvis Presley show. Charles Laughton wound up introducing Presley on the Sullivan hour.[10] After Sullivan got to know Presley personally, he made amends by telling his audience, "This is a real decent, fine boy."[11]
Sullivan's failure to scoop the TV industry with Presley made him determined to get the next big sensation first. In 1964, he achieved that with the first live American appearance of The Beatles, on February 9, 1964, the most-watched program in TV history to that point and still one of the most-watched programs of all time.[12] The Beatles appeared three more times on the Sullivan show in person, and submitted filmed performances later. Sullivan struck up such a rapport with the Beatles that he agreed to introduce them at their momentous Shea Stadium concert on August 15, 1965. The Dave Clark Five, heavily promoted as having a "cleaner" image than the Beatles, made 13 appearances on the Sullivan show, more than any other UK group.
Unlike many shows of the time, Sullivan asked that most musical acts perform their music live, rather than lip-synching to their recordings. Some of these performances have recently been issued on CD.[13] Examination of performances show that exceptions were made, as when a microphone could not be placed close enough to a performer for technical reasons. An example was B.J. Thomas' 1969 performance of "Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head", in which actual water was sprinkled on him as a special effect. In 1969, Sullivan presented the Jackson 5 with their first single "I Want You Back", which ousted the B. J. Thomas song from the top spot of Billboard's pop charts.
Sullivan appreciated African American talent. He paid for the funeral of dancer Bill 'Bojangles' Robinson out of his own pocket. He also defied pressure to exclude African American musicians from appearing on his show. One of Sullivan's favorite and most frequent acts was The Supremes, who appeared 17 times on the show, helping to pave the way for other Motown acts to appear on the show such as The Temptations, The Four Tops, and Martha and the Vandellas.
At a time when television had not yet embraced country and Western music, Sullivan was adamant about featuring Nashville performers on his program. This insistence paved the way for shows such as Hee Haw and variety shows hosted by country singers like Johnny Cash and Glen Campbell.
The act that appeared most frequently through the show's run was the Canadian comedy duo of Wayne & Shuster, making 67 appearances between 1958 and 1969.
Sullivan also appeared as himself on other television programs, including an April 1958 episode of the Howard Duff and Ida Lupino CBS sitcom, Mr. Adams and Eve. On September 14, 1958 Sullivan appeared on What's My Line? as a mystery guest, and showed his comedic side by donning a rubber mask. In 1961, Sullivan was asked by CBS to fill in for an ailing Red Skelton on The Red Skelton Show. Sullivan took Skelton's roles in the various comedy sketches; Skelton's hobo character "Freddie the Freeloader" was renamed "Eddie the Freeloader."
Personality[link]
There was another side to Sullivan: he could be very quick to take offense if he felt he had been crossed, and could hold a grudge for a long time. This could sometimes be seen as a part of his TV personality. Jackie Mason, Bo Diddley, Buddy Holly, and The Doors became intimately familiar with Sullivan's negative side.
On November 20, 1955, Bo Diddley was asked by Sullivan to sing Tennessee Ernie Ford's hit "Sixteen Tons". Diddley sensed the choice of song would end his career then and there, and instead sang his #1 hit "Bo Diddley". He was banned from the show.
Buddy Holly and the Crickets had first appeared on the Sullivan show in 1957, singing two songs and making a favorable impression on Sullivan. He invited the band to make another appearance in January 1958. Sullivan thought their record hit "Oh, Boy!" was too raucous and ordered Holly to substitute another song. Holly had already told his hometown friends in Texas that he would be singing "Oh, Boy!" for them, and told Sullivan as much. Sullivan was unaccustomed to having his instructions disobeyed. When the band was summoned to the rehearsal stage on short notice, only Holly was in their dressing room. Sullivan said, "I guess The Crickets are not too excited to be on The Ed Sullivan Show," to which Holly, still annoyed by Sullivan's attitude, replied, "I hope they're damn more excited than I am." Sullivan, already bothered by the choice of songs, was now even angrier. He cut the Crickets' act from two songs to one, and when introducing them mispronounced Holly's name, so it came out vaguely as "Buddy Hollett." In addition, Sullivan saw to it that the microphone for Holly's electric guitar was turned off. Holly tried to compensate by singing as loudly as he could. The band was received so well that Sullivan was forced to invite them back for a third appearance. Holly's response was that Sullivan did not have enough money. Footage of the performance survives; photographs taken that day show Sullivan looking angry and Holly smirking and perhaps ignoring Sullivan.
In 1963, Bob Dylan was set to appear on the show, but network censors rejected the song he wanted to perform, "Talkin' John Birch Paranoid Blues", as potentially libelous to the John Birch Society. Refusing to perform a different song, Dylan walked off the set at dress rehearsal. Sullivan, who had approved the song at a previous rehearsal, backed Dylan's decision. The incident resulted in accusations against the network of engaging in censorship. This was not the first incident of apparent network censorship on Sullivan's show. In 1956, Sullivan flew to Europe and was able to film an interview with Ingrid Bergman, Yul Brynner, and Helen Hayes on the set of the film Anastasia. When he arrived home, Sullivan learned he would not be able to air the Bergman material from it.[10]
Jackie Mason was banned from the series in October 1964 (the ban was removed a year and a half later, and Mason made his final appearance on the show). During a taping of Mason's monologue Sullivan, off camera, gestured that Mason should wrap things up, as the show was suddenly shown live following an abbreviated address by President Lyndon Johnson, which was expected to preempt the entire show.[14] The nervous Mason told the audience, "I'm getting two fingers here!" and made his own frantic hand gesture: "Here's a finger for you!" Videotapes of the incident are inconclusive as to whether Mason's upswept hand was intended to be an indecent gesture, but Sullivan's body language immediately afterward made it clear that he was convinced of it, despite Mason's panic-stricken denials later.[15] Sullivan later invited Mason back for a return engagement, but the notoriety of the "finger" incident lingered with the studio audience.
When The Byrds performed on December 12, 1965, David Crosby got into a shouting match with the show's director. They were never asked to return.[16][17]
On January 15, 1967 The Rolling Stones were told to change the chorus of "Let's Spend the Night Together" to "Let's spend some time together". Lead singer Mick Jagger complied, but deliberately called attention to this censorship by rolling his eyes and mugging when he uttered the new words.[18] Shortly, after the performance, the Stones went backstage, and came back on stage, dressed in Nazi uniforms with swastikas, which caused an angry Sullivan to tell them to go back to their dressing rooms and change back into their performing outfits, however, the Stones left the studio and Sullivan banned the group from ever appearing on his show again.[19][Full citation needed][page needed] Nonetheless, the Stones appeared on the show one final time on November 23, 1969.[20]
The Doors were banned on September 17, 1967 after they were asked to remove the lyric "Girl, we couldn't get much higher" from their song "Light My Fire" (CBS censors believed that it was too overt a reference to drug use). The band was asked to change the lyric to "girl we couldn't get much better". Morrison sang the original lyric.[21]
Moe Howard of the Three Stooges recalled in 1975 that Sullivan had a memory problem of sorts: "Ed was a very nice man, but for a showman, quite forgetful. On our first appearance, he introduced us as the Three Ritz Brothers. He got out of it by adding, 'who look more like the Three Stooges to me'."[22] Joe DeRita, who worked with the Stooges after 1959, had commented that Sullivan had a personality "like the bottom of a bird cage."[23]
Diana Ross later recalled Sullivan's forgetfulness during the many occasions The Supremes performed on his show. In a 1995 appearance on The Late Show with David Letterman (which is filmed in Ed Sullivan Theater), Ross stated, "he could never remember our names. He called us 'the girls'." [24][25]
In a 1990 press conference Paul McCartney recalled meeting Sullivan again in the early 1970s. Sullivan apparently had no idea who McCartney was. McCartney tried to remind Sullivan that he was one of The Beatles but Sullivan obviously could not remember and, nodding and smiling, simply shook McCartney's hand and left.
Politics[link]
Sullivan, like many American entertainers, was pulled into the Cold War fervor of the late 1940s and 1950s. In 1949, Sullivan booked dancer Paul Draper to appear on Toast of the Town. However, Draper’s scheduled appearance in January 1950 was met with opposition from Hester McCullough, a woman who involved herself in the hunt for subversives. McCullough accused Draper of sympathizing with the communist party, and although Draper denied the accusation, McCullough demanded that Sullivan’s lead sponsor, the Ford Motor Company, cancel Draper’s appearance. Despite McCullough’s protest, Draper was a guest on Toast of the Town, as was originally scheduled. After the program was broadcast, Ford received over a thousand angry letters and telegraphs in response to Draper’s appearance. Consequently, Sullivan was obligated to write a letter of apology to Ford’s advertising agency, Kenyon & Eckhardt, promising to never again move forward with such a controversial guest. Meanwhile, Draper was forced to move to Europe to earn a living.[26]
Another guest who never appeared on the show because of the controversy surrounding him was legendary African-American singer-actor Paul Robeson, who, at the time of the Draper incident, was undergoing his own troubles with the industry's hunt for supposed Communist sympathizers.
After the Draper incident, Sullivan began to work closely with Theodore Kirkpatrick of the anti-communist Counterattack newsletter. Sullivan would check with Kirkpatrick if a potential guest had some "explaining to do" about his politics. Sullivan wrote in his June 21, 1950 New York Daily News column that "Kirkpatrick has sat in my living room on several occasions and listened attentively to performers eager to secure a certification of loyalty."[27] Jerome Robbins, in his PBS American Experience biography, claimed that he was forced to capitulate to the House Un-American Activities Committee, identifying eight Communist sympathizers and disgracing himself among his fellow artists, allegedly because Sullivan threatened to reveal Robbins's homosexuality to the public.
Later years and death[link]
In the fall of 1965, CBS began televising the weekly programs in color. Although the Sullivan show was seen live in the Central and Eastern time zones, it was taped for airing in the Pacific and Mountain time zones. Most of the taped programs (as well as some early kinescopes) were preserved, and excerpts have been released on home video.
By 1971, the show's ratings had plummeted. In an effort to refresh their lineup, CBS cancelled the program along with some of its other longtime shows. Sullivan was angered by this so greatly that he refused to do a final show, although he remained with the network in various other capacities and hosted a 25th anniversary special in 1973.
In early September 1974, X-rays revealed that Sullivan had advanced esophageal cancer. Only his family was told, however, and as the doctors gave Sullivan very little time, the family chose to keep the diagnosis from him. Sullivan, still believing his ailment to be yet another complication from a long-standing battle with ulcers, died five weeks later, on October 13, 1974, at New York's Lenox Hill Hospital.[28] His funeral was attended by 3,000 at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York on a cold, rainy day. Sullivan is interred in a crypt at the Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York.
Personal life[link]
Sullivan was engaged to champion swimmer Sybil Bauer, but she died of cancer in 1927 at the age of 23.[29] He was married to the former Sylvia Weinstein from April 28, 1930, until her death on March 16, 1973. They had one daughter, Betty Sullivan (who married the Ed Sullivan Show's producer, Bob Precht). Sullivan was in the habit of calling Sylvia after every program to get her immediate critique.
Sullivan has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6101 Hollywood Blvd.
References[link]
- ^ Ed Sullivan Bio on EdSullivan.com
- ^ "Special Collectors' Issue: 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time". TV Guide (December 14–20). 1996.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Yagoda, Ben (1981), "The True Story of Bernarr Macfadden," American Heritage 33(1), December, 1981; reference used for this article was the online version,Ben Yagoda (December 1981). "The True Story of Bernarr Macfadden: Lives and Loves of the Father of the Confession Magazine". American Heritage. http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1981/1/1981_1_22.shtml. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
- ^ The Ed Sullivan Theater at EdSullivan.com
- ^ a b c d e "Big As All Outdoors" Time, 17 October 1955.
- ^ a b c d e "Plenty of Nothing" Time, 13 October 1967.
- ^ Will Jordan at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ a b Merwin, Gregory (May 1957). Fifty Million People Can't Be Wrong. TV-Radio Mirror. pp. 32–33. http://www.otrr.org/FILES/Magz_pdf/TV_Radio_Mirror/TV%20Radio%20Mirror%205705.pdf. Retrieved 12 February 2012. (PDF)
- ^ Elvis Presley on The Ed Sullivan Show at EdSullivan.com
- ^ The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show on EdSullivan.com
- ^ www.amazon.com
- ^ http://emmytvlegends.org/interviews/people/vince-calandra
- ^ CBS special, The Very Best of the Ed Sullivan Show
- ^ http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2105166789756539416&q=the+ed+sullivan+show+byrds&ei=e2NwSLuhCYSSrgLNvPylBw&hl=en
- ^ The Byrds on The Ed Sullivan Show at EdSullivan.com
- ^ The video of this performance can be seen at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0uewUcr-BYo
- ^ "Dick Clark's 25 Years of Rock and Roll" (1981)
- ^ The Rolling Stones on The Ed Sullivan Show at EdSullivan.com
- ^ The Doors on Ed Sullivan at EdSullivan.com
- ^ Howard, Moe. (1977, rev. 1979) Moe Howard and the Three Stooges, p. 165; Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0-8065-0723-1.
- ^ Lenburg, Jeff; Howard Maurer, Joan; Lenburg, Greg; (1982). The Three Stooges Scrapbook, Citadel Press. ISBN 0-8065-0946-5
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMeZCg98_2U&feature=related
- ^ The Supremes on The Ed Sullivan Show at EdSullivan.com
- ^ Barnouw, E. (1990). Tube of plenty : the evolution of American television / Erik Barnouw. New York : Oxford University Press, 1990.
- ^ Tube of Plenty, Eric Barnouw, Oxford University Press, 1990
- ^ "Ed Sullivan Dies Of Cancer At Age 72". Associated Press. October 14, 1974. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tiAtAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hqQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=628,4719415&dq=ed+sullivan+dead&hl=en. Retrieved 2010-09-18. "... the Great Stone Face whose "really big shew" entertained millions of American television viewers on Sunday nights for more than two ..."
- ^ Sisson, Richard; Zacher, Christian K.; Cayton, Andrew R. L. (2007). The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. p. 901. ISBN 0-253-34886-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=n3Xn7jMx1RYC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA901#v=onepage&q&f=false.
Further reading[link]
- Leonard, John, The Ed Sullivan Age, American Heritage, May/June 1997, Volume 48, Issue 3
- Nachman, Gerald, Ed Sullivan, December 18, 2006.
- Maguire, James, Impresario: The Life and Times of Ed Sullivan, Billboard Books, 2006
- Bowles, Jerry, A Thousand Sundays: The Story of the Ed Sullivan Show, Putnam, 1980
- Barthelme, Donald, "And Now Let's Hear It for the Ed Sullivan Show!" in Guilty Pleasures, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1974
External links[link]
- The Official Ed Sullivan Show Website
- Ed Sullivan at the Internet Movie Database
- Ed Sullivan at TVGuide.com
- Overview of Ed Sullivan's life
- The Ed Sullivan Show – Rock 'n' Roll Classics
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sullivan, Ed |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American entertainment writer and television host |
| Date of birth | September 28, 1901 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death | October 13, 1974 |
| Place of death | New York City, New York, U.S. |
http://wn.com/Ed_Sullivan
Related pages:
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http://it.wn.com/Ed Sullivan
http://pl.wn.com/Ed Sullivan
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Sullivan
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 Chandler with the Mavericks |
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| No. 6 – New York Knicks | ||||||||||||||||
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| Center | ||||||||||||||||
| Personal information | ||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1982-10-02) October 2, 1982 (age 29) Hanford, California |
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| Nationality | American | |||||||||||||||
| High school | Dominguez | |||||||||||||||
| Listed height | 7 ft 1 in (2.16 m) | |||||||||||||||
| Listed weight | 240 lb (109 kg) | |||||||||||||||
| Career information | ||||||||||||||||
| NBA Draft | 2001 / Round: 1 / Pick: 2nd overall | |||||||||||||||
| Selected by the Los Angeles Clippers | ||||||||||||||||
| Pro career | 2001–present | |||||||||||||||
| Career history | ||||||||||||||||
| 2001–2006 | Chicago Bulls | |||||||||||||||
| 2006–2009 | New Orleans Hornets | |||||||||||||||
| 2009–2010 | Charlotte Bobcats | |||||||||||||||
| 2010–2011 | Dallas Mavericks | |||||||||||||||
| 2011–present | New York Knicks | |||||||||||||||
| Career highlights and awards | ||||||||||||||||
| Stats at NBA.com | ||||||||||||||||
| Stats at Basketball-Reference.com | ||||||||||||||||
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Tyson Cleotis Chandler (born October 2, 1982) is an American professional basketball center who currently plays for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association. Chandler was the second overall pick of the 2001 NBA Draft by the Los Angeles Clippers, then was immediately traded to the Chicago Bulls. He has also played for the New Orleans Hornets, Charlotte Bobcats, and Dallas Mavericks. As starting center for Dallas, he helped win the franchise's first NBA championship in 2011. He was also a member of the United States men's national basketball team's gold medal run in the 2010 FIBA Basketball World Cup.
Contents |
Early life and high school career[link]
Chandler was born to a single mother. He and his two brothers, Terrell and Tervon, grew up in their family's farm in Hanford, California, just south of Fresno, California. Chandler began playing basketball at three years old on a basket Chandler's grandfather, Cleotis, fixed on a tree. Chandler grew up doing farm work such as milking cows, slopping pigs, and cultivating crops. At nine years old Chandler and his mother moved to San Bernadino, California; he was already nearly six feet tall. As a child Chandler was teased because of his height; children on his school basketball team joked that he was older than he really was, and that he had been left back several times in school.[1]
Chandler and his family then moved to Compton, California, where he enrolled at Dominguez High School, a school known for its athletics, producing basketball players such as Dennis Johnson and Cedric Ceballos. In his freshman year, Chandler made the varsity team and played with future NBA player Tayshaun Prince, who was then a senior. With the Dominguez Dons, Chandler became a teenage sensation; current players such as DeMar DeRozan watched him play and claimed "he was like Shaq". Milwaukee Bucks guard Brandon Jennings, who was a ball boy for Dominguez at the time, said, "You'd see the girls around Tyson, the Escalade he drove, and you wanted to be like him,"[2] Chandler earned accolades from Parade Magazine and USA Today, and was selected to the McDonald's High School All-America Team. As a freshman, he was profiled on current affairs TV program 60 Minutes.
In his junior year, Chandler averaged 20 points, 12 rebounds, 6 assists and 3 blocks. In his senior year, Chandler led Dominguez to a state championship and a 31-4 record, averaging 26 points, 15 boards, and 8 blocks a game.[1] Chandler was recruited by several universities and considered UCLA, Arizona, Syracuse, Memphis, Kentucky and Michigan. Chandler then declared for the 2001 NBA draft as a prep-to-pro.
Professional career[link]
Chicago Bulls[link]
Tyson Chandler was selected 2nd overall by the Los Angeles Clippers, who immediately traded his rights to the Chicago Bulls for former NBA Rookie of the Year Award recipient Elton Brand. The Bulls intended to pair Chandler with fellow high school phenomenon Eddy Curry in the front court. However, while both players had stretches of success during their time with the Bulls, they rarely coincided. In Chandler's case, back problems were a recurring issue throughout his career, particularly during the 2003–04 season. During the early part of his career, Chandler feuded with Brendan Haywood of the Washington Wizards and Amar'e Stoudemire of the Phoenix Suns. Later, although the feuds became less frequent, Chandler struggled with foul trouble, which limited his playing time.
Chandler also played a major role in the resurgent Bulls' playoff run in the 2004–05 season. Finding a role as a fourth-quarter defensive specialist, with notable game-saving blocks against stars like Paul Pierce and Carmelo Anthony, he was rewarded with a long-term deal to remain with the Chicago Bulls for the next six years, reportedly worth close to $63 million. With Curry's departure after the 2004–05 season, Chandler became the last member of the Bulls left from the Jerry Krause era.
During the 2005–2006 season, Chandler's biggest impact was on defense, but he struggled again with foul problems and averaged only 5.3 points per game. Due in part to his sub-par playoff performance and the Bulls' signing of four-time Defensive Player of the Year Ben Wallace in the off-season after the 2005–2006 season, Bulls GM John Paxson began to consider moving Chandler. On July 5, 2006, the Bulls and the Hornets verbally agreed to a trade that would send Chandler to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for J.R. Smith and P.J. Brown.[3] The deal was finalized the following week.[4]
New Orleans Hornets[link]
In his first year in New Orleans, Chandler had a breakout season in 2006–2007, averaging 9.5 ppg and 12.4 rpg to go with 1.8 bpg.
Chandler followed that up with an even better season where he put up 11.7 points and 11.8 rebounds a game and led the league in offensive rebounding. His defense, rebounding and the ability to connect with Chris Paul on the Crescent City Connection (Name for their alleyoop pass) allowed the Hornets to claim the 2007–08 Southwest division for the first time ever with 56 wins. Chandler played well in the playoffs and defended Tim Duncan valiantly but in the end the Hornets lost a heartbreaking Game 7 where Chandler limited Duncan to 5–17 shooting.
Chandler was named to Team USA as the number 1 alternate to compete in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.
In 197 regular season games with the Hornets franchise, Chandler averaged 10.2 ppg, 11.3 rpg and 1.4 bpg, while shooting 61.1% from the field. On February 17, 2009, Chandler was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder for Chris Wilcox, Joe Smith and the rights to DeVon Hardin.[5] However, he failed the physical because of a toe injury, and one day later, the Thunder announced that they rescinded the trade.[6] Coincidentally, the doctor in Oklahoma City who failed Chandler on the physical was the same doctor who had performed corrective surgery on the toe two years earlier.[7]
Charlotte Bobcats[link]
On July 28, 2009, he was traded to the Charlotte Bobcats in exchange for Emeka Okafor.[8] Chandler joined a Bobcats team that had never made the playoffs in their young history. Chandler struggled with injuries in 2009–10, missing more than a month with a stress fracture in his left foot. Chandler still helped the Bobcats win 44 games and earn their first-ever postseason berth. The Bobcats, led by Gerald Wallace and Stephen Jackson, made it to the playoffs as the seventh seed in the Eastern Conference, and went up against the Orlando Magic. Chandler had the task of defending Dwight Howard. Chandler limited Howard to 9 points and 9 rebounds per game, both below his season and career averages.[9] The Bobcats were, however, swept in their first trip to the playoffs.
Dallas Mavericks[link]
On July 13, 2010, Chandler was traded to the Dallas Mavericks, along with Alexis Ajinça, in exchange for Matt Carroll, Erick Dampier and Eduardo Nájera.[10] Chandler was expected to shine next to all-stars Dirk Nowitzki and point guard Jason Kidd. Chandler quickly became a fan-favorite in Dallas because of his defensive efforts and athleticism on both ends of the floor. He was credited with making the Mavericks "tough" and anchoring the defense with his hustle and intensity.[11] The Mavericks went 57–25, earning the third seed in the western conference. They defeated a deep Portland Trail Blazers team in six games, swept Kobe Bryant and the Los Angeles Lakers, and defeated Kevin Durant and the Oklahoma City Thunder in 5 games. The Mavericks went in to the NBA Finals as an underdog,[12][13] facing the Miami Heat and their "Big Three" of LeBron James, Dwyane Wade and Chris Bosh. Chandler was instrumental in the series,[14] defensively stopping LeBron James' and Dwyane Wade's penetration to the rim. Chandler was forced to play major minutes because of an injury to backup center Brendan Haywood and the inexperience of Ian Mahinmi[citation needed]. In game 5, Chandler recorded 13 points and 16 rebounds. In the decisive game 6, Chandler recorded 13 points, 7 rebounds and 2 blocks, helping the Mavericks win their first championship.[15] For his defensive efforts throughout regular season, Chandler was selected to the All-Defensive Second Team.
New York Knicks[link]
On December 9, 2011, Chandler announced that he agreed to terms on a four-year contract with the New York Knicks worth $58 million.[16] He was officially acquired by the Knicks in a three-team sign-and-trade.[17] On Opening Day, Christmas 2011, Chandler finished with 7 points, 3 rebounds, 2 assists and 6 blocks in a 106–104 win over the Boston Celtics.
Chandler finished the regular season with a 67.9% field goal percentage, the third highest in NBA history, exceeded only by Wilt Chamberlain in 1967 (68.26%) and 1973 (72.7%).[18] He won the 2012 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award with 45 first place votes and 311 points overall, ahead of Serge Ibaka of the Oklahoma City Thunder with 41 first place votes and 294 votes,[19] and became the first ever Knick to win the award.[20]
In May 2012, Chandler was named second team All-Defensive behind Ibaka and Dwight Howard of the Orlando Magic, who made first-team All-Defensive.[21] Although Chandler was voted Defensive Player of the Year by the press, the All-Defensive Team is chosen by the league's 30 head coaches (who cannot vote for their own players). And while his 13 first-team votes and 36 overall points were more than the totals for first-team selections Tony Allen of the Memphis Grizzlies and Chris Paul of the Los Angeles Clippers, Howard received 41 points with 16 first-team votes, and only one center can be named to the team.[22]
Career transactions[link]
- June 27, 2001: Drafted 2nd overall by Los Angeles Clippers in 2001 NBA Draft.
- June 27, 2001: Traded by L.A. Clippers along with Brian Skinner to the Chicago Bulls for Elton Brand.[23]
- July 14, 2006: Traded by Chicago to the New Orleans Hornets for P.J. Brown and J.R. Smith.[24]
- February 17, 2009: Traded by New Orleans to the Oklahoma City Thunder for Chris Wilcox, Joe Smith and the rights to DeVon Hardin.
- February 18, 2009: The Oklahoma City Thunder void their trade for Tyson Chandler, because he failed to pass a physical.
- July 28, 2009: The New Orleans Hornets traded Tyson Chandler to the Charlotte Bobcats in exchange for Emeka Okafor.[25]
- July 13, 2010: Traded by Charlotte along with Alexis Ajinça to the Dallas Mavericks for Matt Carroll, Erick Dampier and Eduardo Nájera.
- December 9, 2011: Acquired by the New York Knicks in a three team trade
Personal life[link]
Until the age of 10, Chandler grew up on a farm in central California.[26]
Chandler and his wife Kimberly organized a charity to help New Orleans families who suffered from Hurricane Katrina. The charity helped purchase "small things" (as Chandler said) for the families' homes: TVs, stoves, microwaves, refrigerators, pots, pans etc. The wives of Chandler's teammates helped in the efforts.[27]
His paternal grandmother is of German descent.[28]
He was the subject of a limited edition 100 copy zine titled "Tyson Chandler". The zine was created in fall 2011 by Camilla Venturini and the photographer Ari Marcopoulos, and was the subject of a lengthy article in the Wall Street Journal.[29]
NBA career statistics[link]
| Legend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | Bold | Career high |
Regular season[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001–02 | Chicago | 71 | 31 | 19.6 | .497 | .000 | .604 | 4.8 | .8 | .4 | 1.3 | 6.1 |
| 2002–03 | Chicago | 75 | 68 | 24.4 | .531 | .000 | .608 | 6.9 | 1.0 | .5 | 1.4 | 9.2 |
| 2003–04 | Chicago | 35 | 8 | 22.3 | .424 | .000 | .669 | 7.7 | .7 | .5 | 1.2 | 6.1 |
| 2004–05 | Chicago | 80 | 10 | 27.4 | .494 | .000 | .673 | 9.7 | .8 | .9 | 1.8 | 8.0 |
| 2005–06 | Chicago | 79 | 50 | 26.8 | .565 | .000 | .503 | 9.0 | 1.0 | .5 | 1.3 | 5.3 |
| 2006–07 | NO/Oklahoma City | 73 | 73 | 34.6 | .624 | .000 | .527 | 12.4 | .9 | .5 | 1.8 | 9.5 |
| 2007–08 | New Orleans | 79 | 79 | 35.2 | .623 | .000 | .593 | 11.7 | 1.0 | .6 | 1.1 | 11.8 |
| 2008–09 | New Orleans | 45 | 45 | 32.1 | .565 | .000 | .579 | 8.7 | .5 | .3 | 1.2 | 8.8 |
| 2009–10 | Charlotte | 51 | 27 | 22.8 | .574 | .000 | .732 | 6.3 | 1.1 | .3 | 1.1 | 6.5 |
| 2010–11 | Dallas | 74 | 74 | 27.8 | .654 | .000 | .732 | 9.4 | .4 | .5 | 1.1 | 10.1 |
| 2011–12 | New York | 62 | 62 | 33.2 | .679 | .000 | .689 | 9.9 | .9 | .9 | 1.4 | 11.3 |
| Career | 724 | 527 | 28.1 | .578 | .000 | .633 | 8.9 | .8 | .6 | 1.4 | 8.6 |
Playoffs[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Chicago | 6 | 0 | 28.7 | .475 | .000 | .696 | 9.7 | 1.3 | .2 | 2.2 | 11.7 |
| 2006 | Chicago | 6 | 0 | 17.3 | .667 | .000 | .300 | 4.5 | .5 | .3 | .3 | 1.8 |
| 2008 | New Orleans | 12 | 12 | 34.3 | .632 | .000 | .625 | 10.3 | .4 | .4 | 1.7 | 8.0 |
| 2009 | New Orleans | 4 | 4 | 23.5 | .500 | .000 | .500 | 5.3 | .5 | .5 | .2 | 3.8 |
| 2010 | Charlotte | 4 | 0 | 15.0 | .545 | .000 | .667 | 2.5 | .5 | .5 | .8 | 3.5 |
| 2011 | Dallas | 21 | 21 | 32.4 | .582 | .000 | .679 | 9.2 | .4 | .6 | .9 | 8.0 |
| 2012 | New York | 5 | 5 | 33.4 | .440 | .000 | .600 | 9.0 | .8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 6.2 |
| Career | 58 | 42 | 29.1 | .562 | .000 | .644 | 8.2 | .6 | .6 | 1.1 | 7.0 |
Notes[link]
- ^ a b "Tyson Chandler Biography". JockBio. 1982-10-02. http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/T_Chandler/T_Chandler_bio.html. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ "Galleries". CNN. January 17, 2011. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1180699/index.htm.
- ^ Stein, Marc (July 5, 2006). "Bulls to deal Chandler to Hornets for Brown, Smith". ESPN.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=2510218. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
- ^ "Bulls trade Tyson Chandler to Hornets for PJ Brown and JR Smith". Inside Hoops. July 14, 2006. http://www.insidehoops.com/chandler-smith-brown-071406.shtml. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
- ^ "Thunder Acquires Center Tyson Chandler". NBA.com. 2009-02-17. http://www.nba.com/thunder/news/aquirechandler_090217.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ "Thunder Rescind Trade for Tyson Chandler". NBA.com. 2009-02-18. http://www.nba.com/thunder/news/rescindtrade_090218.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ Mannix, Chris (March 30, 2009). "Foot Fault?". Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1153637/index.htm. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
- ^ "Bobcats Acquire Tyson Chandler from New Orleans Hornets". NBA.com. 2009-07-28. http://www.nba.com/bobcats/090728_release_chandler.html. Retrieved 2009-07-28.
- ^ "Dwight Howard 2009-10 Game Log". Basketball-Reference.com. http://www.basketball-reference.com/players/h/howardw01/gamelog/2010/. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ "Mavericks acquire chandler and ajinca in five-player trade". NBA.com. 2010-07-13. http://www.nba.com/mavericks/news/mavericks_acquire_chler__2010_07_13.html. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
- ^ "Chandler restores Mavericks' edge". CNN. May 4, 2011. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/sam_amick/05/04/tyson.chandler.mavericks/index.html.
- ^ . http://www.dallasnews.com/sports/dallas-mavericks/headlines/20110413-mavericks-crush-hornets-will-face-portland-in-1st-round-of-playoffs.ece.
- ^ . http://www.oregonlive.com/blazers/index.ssf/2011/04/trail_blazers_10.html.
- ^ {{cite web| url=http://en.paperblog.com/there-s-a-new-sheriff-in-town-knicks-tyson-chandler-wins-defensive-player-of-the-year-195179/
- ^ "What's next for the Dallas Mavericks?". Espn.com. June 14, 2011. http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/playoffs/2011/news/story?page=5-on-5Mavs-110614. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
- ^ Tim MacMahonESPNDallas.comFollowArchive (2011-12-10). "Center Tyson Chandler agrees to terms with New York Knicks - ESPN Dallas". Espn.go.com. http://espn.go.com/dallas/nba/story/_/id/7335637/center-tyson-chandler-agrees-terms-new-york-knicks. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ "New York Knicks 2011 Team Transactions: Trades, Injured List, Free Agents and Signings - ESPN". Espn.go.com. http://espn.go.com/nba/team/transactions/_/name/ny/year/2011/new-york-knicks. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ Beck, Howard (April 26 2012). "After Restful Final Game, Knicks Head to Miami". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/27/sports/basketball/knicks-finish-with-a-win-and-move-on-to-miami.html.
- ^ Begley, Ian (May 2 2012). "Tyson Chandler wins award". ESPN New York. http://espn.go.com/new-york/nba/story/_/id/7880443/new-york-knicks-tyson-chandler-wins-defensive-player-year.
- ^ Mahoney, Brian (May 2, 2012). "Knicks' Chandler is NBA Defensive Player of the Year". Yahoo! Sports. http://sports.yahoo.com/news/knicks-chandler-nba-defensive-player-194129822--nba.html;_ylt=AtHjuVf3TrCMl6jy0LojD5a8vLYF. Retrieved May 3, 2012.
- ^ Begley, Ian (May 23, 2012). "Tyson named to all-defensive second team". ESPN New York. http://espn.go.com/blog/new-york/knicks/post/_/id/19852/tyson-named-to-nbas-all-defensive-second-team.
- ^ Raskin, Alex (May 23, 2012). "Was Knicks Tyson Chandler slighted with All-Defensive Second Team selection?". The Star Ledger. http://www.nj.com/knicks/index.ssf/2012/05/was_knicks_tyson_chandler_slig.html.
- ^ "Brand Bolsters Clippers' Frontcourt". NBA.com. 2001-06-27. http://www.nba.com/draft2001/news/brand_010627.html. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ "Hornets Acquire Tyson Chandler". NBA.com. 2006-07-14. http://www.nba.com/hornets/news/Chandler_14Jul2006.html. Retrieved 2011-06-15.
- ^ Stein, Marc (July 28, 2009). "Sources: Hornets, Cats agree on deal". Espn.com. http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/news/story?id=4359609. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
- ^ "NBA Finals 2011 Game 5 Half-time Report". ABC Sports. June 9, 2011.
- ^ Evans, Candy (June 10, 2011). "Houses of Dallas Mavericks emulate NBA Finals’ success". Pegasus News. http://www.pegasusnews.com/news/2011/jun/10/houses-dallas-mavericks-emulate-nba-finals-success/. Retrieved June 15, 2011. "Tyson Chandler and his wife Kimberly are super great people — they recently organized a charity to help New Orleans families who suffered from Hurricane Katrina."
- ^ Fisher, Mike (November 30, 2010). "One-on-One with Mavs center Tyson Chandler". Fox Sports Wisconsin. http://www.foxsportswisconsin.com/11/30/10/One-on-One-with-Mavs-center-Tyson-Chandl/landing.html?blockID=363592&feedID=3742. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
- ^ Cohen, Ben (November 19, 2011). "One Baller's Biggest Fan". Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203699404577046441503805050.html. Retrieved November 20, 2011.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tyson Chandler |
- Tyson Chandler Official Site
- Tyson Chandler on Twitter
- Tyson Chandler at NBA.com
- Tyson Chandler at Basketball-Reference.com
- Tyson Chandler at ESPN.com
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Chandler, Tyson |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American basketball player |
| Date of birth | October 2, 1982 |
| Place of birth | Hanford, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Wiki Summary
An alley or alleyway is a narrow lane found in urban areas, often for pedestrians only, which usually runs between or behind buildings. In older cities and towns in Europe, alleys are often what is left of a medieval street network, or a right of way or ancient footpath in an urban setting. In older urban development, alleys were built to allow for deliveries such as coal to the rear of houses. Alleys may be paved, or simply dirt tracks. A blind alley has no outlet at one end and is thus a cul-de-sac.
Many modern urban developments do not incorporate alleys. In some locations installation of gates to restrict alleyway access have significantly reduced burglary rates.[citation needed] On blocks where gates are not installed, residents sometimes erect home-made barricades at alley entrances.
Andrés Duany, American architect and urban planner, has long espoused the use of alleys as leading to a better integration of automobile and foot traffic in a neighborhood.[citation needed]
In some modern urban developments, a service road may be built to allow for waste collection, or rear access for fire engines and parking.
