- published: 13 Jul 2010
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![Going to Dargah [Rule of Ibaadah in Shari'ah] - Abdur Raheem Green](http://web.archive.org./web/20121227205603im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/57TeRj1vfqY/default.jpg "MuslimFaith.wordpress.com Some People go to Dargah and Tombs, and What should be the height of Grave and What is the thumb rule of Worship in Islam? by Abdur Raheem Green.")
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Agra
Agra (
i/ˈɑːɡrə/; Hindi: आगरा, Urdu: آ گرہ), the erstwhile capital of Hindustan, is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India, 363 kilometres (226 mi) west of state capital, Lucknow and 200 kilometres (124 mi) south of the national capital New Delhi. With a population of 1,686,976 (2010 est.), it is one of the most populous cities in Uttar Pradesh and the 19th most populous in India. Because 80 percent of the city's sewage flows into Yamuna River, it is 20th most polluted city in India. Agra can also refer to the administrative district that has its headquarters in Agra city.
The city finds mention in the epic Mahābhārata where it was called Agrevaṇa, or 'the border of the forest'. Legend ascribes the founding of the city to Rājā Badal Singh, a Sikarwar Rajput king (circa 1475), whose fort, Badalgarh, stood on or near the site of the present Fort. However, the 11th century Persian poet Mas'ūd Sa'd Salmān writes of a desperate assault on the fortress of Agra, then held by the Shāhī King Jayapala, by Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni. Sultan Sikandar Lodī was the first to move his capital from Delhi to Agra in the year 1506; he died in 1517 and his son Ibrāhīm Lodī remained in power there for nine more years, finally being defeated at the Battle of Panipat in 1526. It achieved fame as the capital of the Mughal emperors from 1526 to 1658 and remains a major tourist destination because of its many splendid Mughal-era buildings, most notably the Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpūr Sikrī, all three of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Ajmer
Ajmer (pronounced [ədʒmeːr] (
listen)) is the 5th largest city in Rajasthan and is the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District. Ajmer has a population of around 800,000 (2011 census), and is located 135 kilometres (84 mi) west of Jaipur, the state capital, 274 km from Udaipur, 439 km from Jaisalmer, and 391 km from Delhi.
Ajmer is surrounded by the Aravalli Mountains. It is a pilgrimage centre for the shrine of the Sufi Saint Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti and is also the base for visiting Pushkar (11 km), an ancient Hindu pilgrimage city, famous for the temple of Brahma.
Ajmer (Sanskrit Ajayameru) was founded in the late 7th century A.D. by Dushyant Chauhan. The Chauhan dynasty ruled Ajmer in spite of repeated invasions by Turkic marauders from Central Asia across the north of India. Ajmer was conquered by Muhammad of Ghor, founder of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1193. However, the Chauhan rulers were allowed autonomy upon the payment of a heavy tribute to the conquerors. Ajmer remained subject to Delhi until 1365 when it was captured by the ruler of Mewar. In 1509, control of Ajmer was disputed between the Maharajas of Mewar and Marwar unitil it was conquered by the Marwar in 1532. The city was conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1559. In the 18th century, control passed to the Marathas.
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Arabati Baba Teḱe
The Arabati Baba Teḱe is a tekke located in Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia. The tekke was originally built in 1538 around the türbe of Sersem Ali Baba, an Ottoman dervish. In 1799, a waqf provided by Rexhep Pasha established the current grounds of the tekke.
According to legend, Ali was a vizier to the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, who had a dream which inspired him to leave the services of the Sultan and to apply himself to the Sufi path. Upon hearing this, the Sultan replied "If you will be a sersem (fool), then go." Subsequently, Ali became known as Sersem Ali Baba.
Sersem Ali eventually came to settle in Tetovo, then a back-water of the Ottoman Empire, and attracted a following. He attracted a following of like-minded mystics; one of these, Harabati Baba, built a türbe on the site of the current tekke after noticing the presence of a candle, a symbolic image in Bektashi thought, where there had not been one before.
In 2002, a group of armed members of the Islamic Community of Macedonia (ICM), the legally recognized organization which claims to represent all Muslims in Macedonia, invaded the Arabati Baba Tekke in an attempt to reclaim the tekke as a mosque, although the facility has never functioned as such. Subsequently the Bektashi community of Macedonia has sued the Macedonian government for failing to restore the tekke to the Bektashi community, pursuant to a law passed in the early 1990s returning previously nationalized under the Yugoslav government. The law, however, deals with restitution to private citizens, rather than religious communities. The ICM claim to the tekke is based upon their contention to represent all Muslims in Macedonia; and indeed, they are one of two Muslim organizations recognized by the government, both Sunni. The (Shi'i) Bektashi community filed for recognition as a separate religious community with the Macedonian government in 1993, but the Macedonian government has refused to recognize them.
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Cape Town
Cape Town (Afrikaans: Kaapstad; Xhosa: iKapa) is the second-most populous city in South Africa, and the provincial capital and primate city of the Western Cape. As the seat of the National Parliament, it is also the legislative capital of the country. It forms part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality. The city is famous for its harbour as well as its natural setting in the Cape floral kingdom, including such well-known landmarks as Table Mountain and Cape Point. Cape Town is also Africa's most popular tourist destination.
Located on the shore of Table Bay, Cape Town was originally developed by the Dutch East India Company as a victualling (supply) station for Dutch ships sailing to Eastern Africa, India, and the Far East. Jan van Riebeeck's arrival on 6 April 1652 established the first permanent European settlement in South Africa. Cape Town quickly outgrew its original purpose as the first European outpost at the Castle of Good Hope, becoming the economic and cultural hub of the Cape Colony. Until the Witwatersrand Gold Rush and the development of Johannesburg, Cape Town was the largest city in South Africa.
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Delhi
Delhi (/ˈdɛli/; locally pronounced Dillee or Dehli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest metropolis by population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census. The region has been given special status of National Capital Region under The Constitution (69th Amendment) Act, 1991. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes the cities Noida, Greater Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon,Sonepat and Faridabad along with other smaller nearby towns).
Delhi is known to have been continuously inhabited since at least the 6th century BCE, though human habitation is believed to have existed since the second millennium BCE. Delhi is also widely believed to have been the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas during the times of the Mahabharata. Delhi re-emerged as a major political, cultural and commercial city along the trade routes between northwest India and the Gangetic plain after the rise of the Delhi sultanates. It is the site of many ancient and medieval monuments, archaeological sites and remains.
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Durban
Durban (Zulu: eThekwini, from itheku meaning 'bay / lagoon') is the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal and the third largest city in South Africa. It forms part of the eThekwini metropolitan municipality. Durban is famous for being the busiest port in South Africa. It is also seen as one of the major centres of tourism because of the city's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches. The municipality, which includes neighbouring towns, has a population of almost 3.5 million, making the combined municipality the biggest city on the east coast of the African continent. The metropolitan land area of 2,292 square kilometres (885 sq mi) is comparatively larger than other South African cities, resulting in a somewhat lower population density of 1,513 /km2 (3,920 /sq mi).
Archaeological evidence from the Drakensberg mountains suggests that the Durban area has been inhabited by communities of hunter-gatherers since 100,000 BC. These people lived throughout the area of present day KwaZulu-Natal until the expansion of Bantu farmers and pastoralists from the north saw their gradual displacement,incorporation or extermination.
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Erwadi
Ervadi or Erwadi (Tamil: ஏர்வாடி) is a village in Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu in southern India belonging to Kadaladi Taluk and Keelakarai Town panchayat. The village is the location of the grave and shrine of Qutbus Sultan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed Badusha, the then ruler of Madinah Al Munawwara. Erwadi also belongs to Kadaladi Assembly constituency which is a part of Ramanathapuram (Lok Sabha constituency). But after the delimitations in 2009, Erwadi has been joined to Ramanathapuram assembly constituency. Although a small town, Erwadi is the second largest contributor for the revenue of Ramanthapuram District.
Erwadi is a town located in the Kadaladi taluk of Ramanathapuram District in southern Tamil Nadu. It is located on the coast between Keelakarai and Valinokkam. The town is famous for the shrine of Hazrat Sultan Syed Ibrahim Shaheed badusha radiyallah ta'ala anhu. Erwadi attracted international attention when 28 inmates of a faith based mental institution were burnt alive in an accidental fire.
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Fatehpur Sikri
'Fatehpur Sikri' (Hindi: फ़तेहपुर सीकरी, Urdu: فتحپور سیکری) is a city and a municipal board in Agra district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. Built near the much older Sikri, the historical city of Bharat, as it was first named Sikrigarh, was constructed by Sikriwal Rajput Rajas Last Emperor Maharana Sangram Singh beginning in 1500. At Seventh attack of Akbar Sikriwal Rajput left Palace after that Sikrigarh was named Fateh(victory)pur Sikri.There was a temple of Sikriwal Rajputs Kuldevi(Named Chamad Devi)In front of Lal Darwaja of Sikrigarh(at present Fatehpur Sikri).After victory on sikrigarh Akber served as the capital from 1571 to 1585. He was named Salim to honour the saint and would later rule the empire as Emperor Jahangir. Here after the second birthday of Jahangir in 1571, Akbar then 28 years old, decided to shift his capital from Agra to the Sikri ridge, to honor Salim Chishti, and commenced the construction of a planned walled city which took the next fifteen years in planning and construction of a series royal palaces, harem, courts, a mosque, private quarters and other utility buildings. He named the city, Fatehabad, with Fateh, a word of Arabic origin in Persian, meaning "victory", it was later called Fatehpur Sikri. It is at Fatehpur Sikri that the legends of Akbar and his famed courtiers, the nine jewels or Navaratnas, were born . One of them, musician and singer Tansen is said to have performed on an island in the middle of the pool Anup Talao. Built during the 16th century, the Fatehpur Sikri is one of the best preserved collection of Mughal architecture in India.
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Gül Baba
Gül Baba (died 1541), also known as Cafer, was an Ottoman Bektashi dervish poet and companion of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent who took part in a number of campaigns in Europe from the reign of Mehmed II onwards.
A native of Merzifon (Marsiwān, in the vilāyet of Sivas, Anatolia), he was the son of Kutb’ül Arifin Veli’üddin İbn Yalınkılıç. In Hungary, Gül Baba is known as the "Father of Roses," indeed, that is what his names means in Turkish, and is said to have introduced the flower to the country. However, this is likely a misunderstanding of the metaphorical use of the term which referred to the dervish's status derived from his deep mystical knowledge of Allah. Roses, wild and domesticated, were already in Hungary by the time of the Ottoman invasion. The name could also be a corruption of Kel Baba, meaning "Bald Father".
Gül Baba is thought to have died in Buda during the first Muslim religious ceremony held after the Ottoman victory of 1541, or alternatively to have been killed during fighting below the walls of the city on August 21, 1541. Suleiman, who was also Caliph, declared him patron saint of the city and is reputed to have been one of the coffin bearers. Gül Baba's descendants are the Marzioglu family, some of whom were the pashas of the Trebizond Vilayet.
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India
India (i/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia (
/ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Madurai
Madurai is the third largest city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu with a population of over 1 million (according to the 2001 census). Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. The city is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District. The capital of the Pandyan kingdom was initially Korkai, around 600 BCE, and was later moved to Koodal (now Madurai) during the reign of Nedunj Cheliyan I. Madurai is famous for its temples built by Pandyan and Madurai Nayak kings in the Dravidian style of architecture. It is also one of India's most prominent Hindu pilgrimage centres.
Madurai is also called as City of Junction (Koodal nagaram), City of Jasmine (Malligai maanagar), Temple city (Koil maanagar), City that never sleeps (Thoonga nagaram) and City of four junctions (Naanmada koodal).
Madurai's recorded history goes back to the 3rd century BC and the city is mentioned by Megasthenes, the Greek ambassador to India and Kautilya, the minister of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. The city was the principal administrative and cultural centre of the Pandyan dynasty which ruled over the southern parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala till the first half of the 14th century AD. In about 1311, the Pandyan dynasty was overthrown by the Delhi Sultanate which established the province of Ma'bar which later became independent as the Ma'bar Sultanate. When the Ma'bar Sultanate began to decline in the latter years of the 14th century, Madurai was absorbed into the Vijayanagar Empire. The viceroys of the Vijayanagar Empire established the Madurai Nayak kingdom and ruled as independent kings from 1559 to 1736. After a brief period of occupation by Chanda Sahib and the Carnatic kingdom, Madurai was annexed by the British East India Company in 1801.
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Mehrauli
Mehrauli (Hindi: महरौली, Urdu: مہرؤلی, Punjabi: ਮਹਰੌਲੀ) is a neighbourhood in the South West district of Delhi in India. It represents a constituency in the legislative assembly of Delhi. The area is located close to Gurgaon and next to Vasant Kunj.
Mehrauli, Which was earlier known as Mihirawali means Home of Mihir, was founded by the King Mihir Bhoja of the Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty.
Mehrauli is one of the seven ancient cities that make up the present state of Delhi. The Lal Kot fort was constructed by the GurjarTanwar chief Anangpal I around AD 731 and expanded by AnangPal II in the 11th century, who shifted his capital to Lal Kot from Kannauj. The GurjarTanwars were defeated by the Chauhans in the 12th century. Prithviraj Chauhan further expanded the fort and called it Qila Rai Pithora. He was defeated and killed in 1192 by Mohammed Ghori, who put his general Qutb-ud-din Aybak in charge and returned to Afghanistan. Subsequently in 1206, after the death of Mohammed Ghori, Qutubuddin enthroned himself as the first Sultan of Delhi. Thus Delhi became the capital of Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (Slave dynasty), the first dynasty of Muslim sultans to rule over northern India. Mehrauli remained the capital of the Mamluk dynasty which ruled until 1290. During the Khilji dynasty, the capital shifted to Siri.
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Mumbai
Mumbai /mʊmˈbaɪ/, also known as Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million. Along with the neighbouring urban areas, including the cities of Navi Mumbai and Thane, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world. Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an Alpha world city. Mumbai is also the richest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West or Central Asia.
The seven islands that came to constitute Mumbai were home to communities of fishing colonies. For centuries, the islands were under the control of successive indigenous empires before being ceded to the Portuguese and subsequently to the British East India Company. During the mid-18th century, Mumbai was reshaped by the Hornby Vellard project, which undertook the reclamation of the area between the seven constituent islands from the sea. Completed by 1845, the project along with construction of major roads and railways transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea. Economic and educational development characterised the city during the 19th century. It became a strong base for the Indian independence movement during the early 20th century. When India became independent in 1947, the city was incorporated into Bombay State. In 1960, following the Samyukta Maharashtra movement, a new state of Maharashtra was created with Bombay as capital. The city was renamed Mumbai in 1996.
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Nizamuddin Dargah
Coordinates: 28°35′28.7″N 77°14′30.5″E / 28.591306°N 77.241806°E / 28.591306; 77.241806
Nizamuddin Dargah (Urdu: نظام الدّین درگاہ ) (Hindi: निज़ामुद्दीन दरगाह) is the dargah (mausoleum) of one of the world's most famous Sufi saints, Nizamuddin Auliya (1238 - 1325 CE). Situated in the Nizamuddin West area of Delhi, the dargah is visited by thousands of Muslims every week, and sees a fair share of Hindus, Christians and people from other religions. The tombs of poet Amir Khusro and Mughal princess Jehan Ara Begum are also located within the Nizamuddin Dargah complex, and Inayat Khan's tomb is just around the corner .
The neighborhood surrounding the dargah is named after the saint, and is divided into two parts along Mathura Road: Nizamuddin West where the Dargah complex and a lively market dominated by Muslim vendors is located, and Nizamuddin East, an upper-class residential area situated between Humayun's Tomb and the Nizamuddin Railway Station.
The other important monuments in the Nizamuddin heritage area include Humayun's Tomb, Chausath Khamba, Mirza Ghalib's tomb, Barakhamba, Sabz Burj (Blue Gumbad) at the Nizamuddin Circle and Lal Mahal.
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Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu /ˈtæmɨl ˈnɑːduː/ (Tamiḻ Nāṭu [t̪amɨɭ naːɖɯ] ( listen)) is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital is Chennai, the largest city. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bound by the Eastern Ghats in the north, the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Palakkad on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Gulf of Mannar, the Palk Strait in the south east, and by the Indian Ocean in the south.
Tamil Nadu is the eleventh largest state in India by area and the seventh most populous state. It is the fourth largest contributor (as of 2010) to India's GDP and ranks tenth in Human Development Index as of 2006. Tamil Nadu is also the most urbanised state in India. The state has the highest number (10.56%) of business enterprises and stands second in total employment (9.97%) in India, compared to the population share of about 6%.
The region has been the home of the Tamil people since at least 500 BCE. Its official language Tamil has been in use in inscriptions and literature for over 2000 years. Tamil Nadu is home to many natural resources, Hindu temples of Dravidian architecture, hill stations, beach resorts, multi-religious pilgrimage sites and eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Abida Parveen
Abida Parveen (born 1954) (Sindhi: عابده پروين, Urdu: عابده پروین), is a Pakistani singer of Sindhi descent and one of the foremost exponents of Sufi music (Sufiana kalaam). She sings mainly ghazals, Urdu love songs, and her forte, Kafis, a solo genre accompanied by percussion and harmonium, using a repertoire of songs by Sufi poets. Parveen sings in Urdu, Sindhi, Saraiki, Punjabi and Persian, and together with Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan is considered one of the finest Sufi vocalists of the modern era.
Abida Parveen, a Sindhi, was born in mohalla Ali Goharabad in Larkana (Sindh province, Pakistan). She received her musical
training initially from her father, Ustad Ghulam Haider, and later from Ustad Salamat Ali Khan of the Sham Chorasia gharana. Growing up, she attended her father's music school,where her foundation in music was laid
Abida Parveen embarked upon her professional career from Radio Pakistan, Hyderabad, in 1973. Her first hit was the Sindhi song “Tuhinje zulfan jay band kamand widha”.
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Abu Bakr Shibli
Shaykh Abu Bakr Shibli (861 - 946) was an important Sufi of Persian descent, and a disciple of Junayd Baghdadi.
He was born in Baghdad or Samarra, although his family was originally from Khorasan in Persia. He was a high official of Baghdad before he embarked on the spiritual path and became a disciple of Junayd Baghdadi. His name is mentioned by the Persian poets Attar, Rumi and Sanai. He was also associated with Hallaj. According to one source, he was in a constant state of jadhb and was finally committed to an asylum. Others assert that he feigned madness.
Attributed to him is the saying: "O people! I go to place beyond which these is no beyond. I go to the south and the north, to a place beyond which is there is no beyond. Everything that I saw after that I could see in one hair of my little finger."
Shibli was imprisoned many times by the Caliph despite his influence and enormous wealth. Shibli went into self-imposed exile and began searching for divinity. Meanwhile, in the Sultanate, the Caliph realised that Shibli had not committed any wrongdoing and a search party was sent out to find him. The ministers were carrying a set of royal robes that the Caliph had sent for Shibli. They offered it to Shibli saying that a decree had been passed reinstating him and that he could return without fear of being prosecuted. Shibli took the robes and wiped his sweating face with them.
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Ahmad Sirhindi
Imām Rabbānī Shaykh Ahmad al-Farūqī al-Sirhindī (1564–1624) was an Indian Islamic scholar from Punjab, a Hanafi jurist, and a prominent member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order. He is described as Mujaddid Alf Thānī, meaning the "reviver of the second millennium", for his work in rejuvenating Islam and opposing the heterodoxies prevalent in the time of Mughal Emperor Akbar. He is said to have had considerable and longlasting influence in India and to have given "to Indian Islam the rigid and conservative stamp it bears today."
Most of the Naqshbandī suborders today, such as the Mujaddidī, Khālidī, Saifī, Tāhirī, Qasimiya and Haqqānī sub-orders, trace their spiritual lineage through Sirhindi, often referring to themselves as "Naqshbandī-Mujaddidī".
Sirhindi's shrine, known as Rauza Sharif is located in Sirhind, India.
Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi was born after midnight, on 14 Shawwal 971 H. in the village of Sirhind. From an ashraf family claiming descent from caliph Umar, he received most of his early education from his father, Shaykh 'Abd al-Ahad and memorised the Qur'an. He was then sent to Sialkot, at present in Pakistan, where he learned logic, philosophy and theology and read some advanced texts of tafsīr and hadīth before he returned home. Sirhindi also made rapid progress in the Suhrawardī, the Qadirī, and the Chistī turūq, and was given permission to initiate and train followers at the age of 17. He eventually joined the Naqshbandī order through the Sufi missionary Shaykh Muhammad al-Baqī, and became a leading master of this order. His deputies traversed the length and breadth of the Mughal Empire in order to popularize the order and eventually won some favour with the Mughal court.
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Ahmad Zarruq
Ahmed Zarruq (or Sheikh Shihab al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmed b Ahmed b Muhammad b Isa al-Barnusi al-Fasi Zarruq) (1442–1493) was a Shadhili Sufi Sheikh and founder of the Zarruqiyye branch of the Shadhili Sufi order (Tariqa). He was born on the 7th June 1442 (846 of the Islamic 'Hijra' calendar) - according to Sheikh Abd Allah Gannun - in a village in the region of Tiliwan, a mountain area of Morocco. He was a contemporary of Muhammad al-Jazuli. He was a Berber of the tribe of the Barnusi who lived in an area between Fes and Taza.
He took the name 'Zarruq' (meaning 'blue') and he studied the traditional Islamic sciences such as jurisprudence, Arabic, traditions of the Prophet and wrote extensively on a number of subjects. His most famous works are first of al his Qawa’id al-Tasawwuf (The Principles of Sufism), his commentaries on Maliki jurisprudence and his commentary upon the Hikam of ibn 'Ata Allah.
He travelled East to the Hijaz and to Egypt before taking up residence in Misrata, Libya where he died in 899 (1493).
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Ali Hujwiri
Abul Hassan Ali Ibn Usman al-Jullabi al-Hajvery al-Ghaznawi (ابوالحسن علی بن عثمان الجلابی الهجویری الغزنوی) or Abul Hassan Ali Hajvery (sometimes spelled Hujwiri, Hajweri, Hajveri), also known as Daata Ganj Bakhsh (Persian/Punjabi: (داتا گنج بخش) (which means the master who bestows treasures) or Daata Sahib (Persian/Urdu: (داتا صاحب), was a Persian Sufi and scholar during the 11th century. He significantly contributed to the spreading of Islam in South Asia.
He was born around 990 CE near Ghazni, Afghanistan during the Ghaznavid Empire and died in Lahore (in present day Punjab, Pakistan) in 1077 CE. His most famous work is Revelation of the Veiled (Kashf Al Mahjub) (کشفُ المحجوب), written in the Persian language. The work, which is one of the earliest and most respected treatises of Sufism, debates Sufi doctrines of the past.
Ali Hajvery is also famous for his mausoleum in Lahore, which is surrounded by a large marble courtyard, a mosque and other buildings. It is the most frequented of all the shrines in that city, and one of the most famous in Pakistan and nearby countries. His name is a household word, and his mausoleum the object of pilgrimage from distant places.
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Annemarie Schimmel
Annemarie Schimmel, SI, HI, (April 7, 1922 – January 26, 2003) was a well known and very influential German Orientalist and scholar, who wrote extensively on Islam and Sufism. She was a professor at Harvard University from 1967 to 1992.
Schimmel was born to Protestant and highly cultured middle-class parents in Erfurt, Germany. Her father, Paul, was a postal worker and her mother, Anna belonged to a family with connections to seafaring and international trade. Schimmel remembered her father as "a wonderful playmate full of fun", her mother made her feel she was the child of her dreams and her home as full of poetry and literature, though her family was not an academic one.
She began studying at the University of Berlin in 1939 at the age of 17, during the period of Nazi Germany. She received a doctorate in Islamic languages and civilization at the age of 19. Following this, she was drafted by the German Foreign Office while continuing with her scholarly work in her free time. At the age of 23, she became a professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Marburg, Germany in 1946, where she earned a second doctorate in the history of religions in 1954.
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Balım Sultan
Balım Sultan is the greatest personality in the Bektashi Order after Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli (Haji Bektash) and he is regarded as the “Second Pir”. He was born in 1457 in the town of Dimetoka. He died in 1517. It is widely accepted that his father was Mursel Baba and his mother was a Serbian/Bulgarian princess.
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Bande Nawaz
Syed Muhammad Hussaini, commonly known as Hazrat Khwaja Banda Nawaz Gaisu Daraz (Urdu: خواجہ بندہ نواز گیسو دراز) (July 13, 1321 -November 1, 1422), was a famous Sufi saint from India of the Chishti Order, who advocated understanding, tolerance and harmony among various religious groups.
Gaisu Daraz was a murid (disciple) of the noted Sufi saint of Delhi, Hazrat Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi. After the death of Chiragh Dehlavi, Gaisu Daraz took on the mantle of the successor (khalifa). When he moved to Daulatabad around 1398, owing to the attack of Timur on Delhi, he took the Chishti Order to South India. He finally settled down in Gulbarga, at the invitation of Bahamani Sultan, Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah.
Banda Nawaz was born to Syed Muhammad Hussaini in Delhi in 1321. At the age of four, his family shifted to Daulatabad in Deccan (now in Maharashtra). In 1397, he went to Gulbarga, Deccan (presently in Karnataka) at the invitation of Sultan Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah.
At the age of fifteen, he returned to Delhi for his education and training by Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi. He was also a very enthusiastic student of Hazrat Kethli, Hazrat Tajuddin Bahadur and Qazi Abdul Muqtadir. After teaching at various places such as Delhi, Mewath, Gwalior, Chander, Aircha, Chatra, Chanderi, Miandhar, Baroda, Khambayat and Gulbarga in 1397 and died in Gulbarga in the year November 1422.
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Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
Muhammad Raheem Bawa Muhaiyaddeen (died December 8, 1986) was a saintly Tamil-speaking teacher and Sufi mystic from the island of Sri Lanka who first came to the United States on October 11, 1971 and established the Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship in Philadelphia. From Philadelphia, with its approximately 1,000 followers, branches of the Fellowship have spread throughout the United States and Canada, as well Australia and the UK. Societies of followers were already in Jaffna and Colombo, Sri Lanka before his arrival in the USA.
According to the older Sri Lankan students, Bawa Muhaiyaddeen emerged from the jungles of that country in the early 1940s and met pilgrims who were visiting shrines in the north. Reports of dreams or mystical meetings that preceded a 'physical' meeting by these early students were not uncommon. According to an account from the 1940s, Bawa Muhaiyaddeen had spent time in 'Kataragama', a jungle shrine in the south of the island, and in 'Jailani', a cliff shrine dedicated to 'Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani of Baghdad. His association with that Shaikh indicates his connection to the Qadiri order of Sufism. Many of his followers who lived around the northern town of Jaffna were Hindus and addressed him as swami or guru. His role was often as healer of both medical and spiritual illnesses, including curing demonic possession.
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Bayazid Bastami
Bayazid Bastami (Persian بايزيد بسطامى ), also known as Abu Yazid Bistami or Tayfur Abu Yazid al-Bustami, (804-874 or 877/8 CE) was a PersianSufi born in Bastam, Iran.
The name Bastami means "from the city of Bastam". Bayazid's grandfather was a Zoroastrian who converted to Islam. His grandfather had three sons, Adam, Tayfur and 'Ali. All of them were ascetics. Abayazid was born to Tayfur. Not much is known of his childhood, but Bayazid spent most of his time in isolation in his house and the mosque. Although he remained in isolation, he did not isolate himself from the Sufi realm. He welcomed people into his house to discuss Sufism. Bayazid also led a life of asceticism and renounced all worldly pleasures in order to be one with God. Ultimately, this led Bayazid to a state of "self anhiliation", which, according to Sufism, is the only state a person could be in order to be closest with God. Bayazid became known as the first "intoxicated" Sufi because of the openness of his expressions he felt towards God (shatahat). Bayazid is regarded as being one of the most influential mystics due to the fact of how controversial he was at the time.
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Bulleh Shah
Bulleh Shah (1680–1757) (Punjabi: بلہے شاہ, ਬੁੱਲ੍ਹੇ ਸ਼ਾਹ, Hindi: बुल्ले शाह) was a Punjabi Sufi poet, humanist and philosopher. His full name was Abdullah Shah
Bulleh Shah is believed to have been born in 1680, in the small village of Uch, Bahawalpur, Punjab, in present day Pakistan. His father, Shah Muhammad Darwaish, was a teacher and preacher in a village mosque. Little is known about Bulleh Shah's ancestry except that some of his forebears were migrants from Uzbekistan, and that his family claimed direct descent from Muhammad.
When he was six months old, his parents relocated to Malakwal. His father later got a job in Pandoke, about 50 miles southeast of Kasur. Bulleh Shah received his early schooling in Pandoke and moved to Kasur for higher education. He also received education from Maulana Mohiyuddin. His spiritual teacher was the Qadiri Sufi Shah Inayat Qadiri, who was a member of the Arain tribe of Lahore.
A large amount of what is believed to be known about Bulleh Shah comes through legends, and is subjective; to the point that there isn’t even agreement among historians concerning his precise date and place of birth. Some "facts" about his life have been pieced together from his own writings. Other "facts" seem to have been passed down through oral traditions.
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Feisal Abdul Rauf
Feisal Abdul Rauf (Arabic: فيصل عبد الرؤوف, born 1948) is an American Sufiimam, author, and activist whose stated goal is to improve relations between the Muslim world and the West. From 1983 to 2009, he served as Imam of Masjid al-Farah, a mosque in New York City.
He has written three books on Islam and its place in contemporary Western society, including What's Right with Islam Is What's Right with America, and founded two non-profit organizations whose stated missions are to enhance the discourse on Islam in society. He has condemned the 9/11 attacks as un-Islamic and called on the U.S. government to reduce the threat of terrorism by altering its Middle Eastern foreign policy. Author Karen Armstrong, among others, has praised him for his attempts to build bridges between the West and the Muslim world.
In 2010, Sufi Imam Rauf received national attention for his plans to build Park51, a Sufi Islamic Community Center, two blocks from Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan.
Rauf was born in Kuwait. His father, Egyptian Imam and Sunni scholar Muhammad Abdul Rauf (1917–2004), moved with the younger Rauf to New York City in the 1960s. The elder Rauf assisted with efforts to create the multimillion dollar Islamic Cultural Center of New York, the first building designed as a mosque in New York City, which took 25 years to complete and opened in 1991. His father, Abdul Rauf, was actively involved in the American Civil Rights Movement with Malcolm X.
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Frithjof Schuon
Frithjof Schuon (June 18, 1907 – May 5, 1998) was a native of Switzerland born to German parents in Basel, Switzerland. He is known as a philosopher, metaphysician and author of numerous books on religion and spirituality.
Schuon is recognized as an authority on philosophy, spirituality and religion, an exponent of the Religio Perennis, and one of the chief representatives of the Perennialist School. Though he was not officially affiliated with the academic world, his writings have been noticed in scholarly and philosophical journals, and by scholars of comparative religion and spirituality. Criticism of the relativism of the modern academic world is one of the main aspects of Schuon's teachings. In his teachings, Schuon expresses his faith in an absolute principle, God, who governs the universe and to whom our souls would return after death. For Schuon the great revelations are the link between this absolute principle—God—and mankind. He wrote the main bulk of his metaphysical teachings in French. In the later years of his life Schuon composed some volumes of poetry in his mother tongue, German. His articles in French were collected in about twenty titles in French which were later translated into English as well as many other languages. The main subjects of his prose as well as his poetic compositions are spirituality and various essential realms of man's life journey from his Creator back to Him.
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Ghulam Mustafa Khan
Prof. Dr. Ghulam Mustafa Khan, PhD, D.Litt, SI, (September 23, 1912 – September 25, 2005) was a researcher, critic, linguist, author, scholar of Urdu literature and linguistics, educationist and religious and spiritual leader belonging to Naqshbandi order of Sufism. He was one of most notable people of Hyderabad, Sindh Pakistan.
In 1928 he passed ninth grade from Anjuman Islamia High School, Jabalpur and went to Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh for the rest of his education. He received his higher education at the Aligarh Muslim University. He held LLB and M.A. in Urdu literature & Persian and in 1947 completed his PhD on Hassan Ghaznavi. In 1959 he was awarded D.Litt by Nagpur University, India.
He was born in the Jabalpur city of India on September 23, 1912. During his Service life he was appointed as a lecturer at the King Edward College, Amrawati and after migration to Pakistan from India he was appointed in Urdu College, Karachi. Later in his life he also performed the duties of head of the department of Urdu in Sindh University. For his academic services he was honoured with various level of awards like the Presidential award Sitara-i-Imtiaz, Naqoosh award, Iqbal award and Nishan-i-Sipas.
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Gül Baba
Gül Baba (died 1541), also known as Cafer, was an Ottoman Bektashi dervish poet and companion of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent who took part in a number of campaigns in Europe from the reign of Mehmed II onwards.
A native of Merzifon (Marsiwān, in the vilāyet of Sivas, Anatolia), he was the son of Kutb’ül Arifin Veli’üddin İbn Yalınkılıç. In Hungary, Gül Baba is known as the "Father of Roses," indeed, that is what his names means in Turkish, and is said to have introduced the flower to the country. However, this is likely a misunderstanding of the metaphorical use of the term which referred to the dervish's status derived from his deep mystical knowledge of Allah. Roses, wild and domesticated, were already in Hungary by the time of the Ottoman invasion. The name could also be a corruption of Kel Baba, meaning "Bald Father".
Gül Baba is thought to have died in Buda during the first Muslim religious ceremony held after the Ottoman victory of 1541, or alternatively to have been killed during fighting below the walls of the city on August 21, 1541. Suleiman, who was also Caliph, declared him patron saint of the city and is reputed to have been one of the coffin bearers. Gül Baba's descendants are the Marzioglu family, some of whom were the pashas of the Trebizond Vilayet.
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Hasan of Basra
Hasan Al-Basri (Arabic: الحسن بن أبي الحسن البصري; full name: Al-Hasan ibn Abi-l-Hasan al-Basri), (642–728), was a well-known Sunni preacher, theologian, and scholar of Islam who was born in 642 from Persian parents. Brought up in the house of Umm Salama, Hasan met many companions of Muhammad including, it is said, seventy of the warriors who fought in the Battle of Badr. Hasan grew up to become one of the most prominent figures of his generation, being famous for his piety and condemnation of worldliness. When he died on Friday 5th of Rajab 110 AH, at the age of 89, the entire population of Basra attended his funeral, so that the first time in history of Basra the Jami Masjid of the city remained empty at the hour of the Asr prayer. Hasan quickly became an exemplar for other saints in the area and his personality made a deep impression upon his contemporaries.
Hasan's father, Peroz, was made a prisoner at the town of Maysan, in Iraq. He was later brought to Medina, where he met Khayra, who was to be Hasan's mother. According to tradition, Hasan was born in Medina in 642 C.E. He grew up in and around the area but later, after the Battle of Siffin, decided to move to Basra. As a young man, Hasan took part in the conquests and campaigns in eastern Iran, but he became a famous personality after denouncing arrogance and sin to take up life as pious Muslim in Basra.
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Henry Corbin
Henry Corbin (14 April 1903 - 7 October 1978) was a philosopher, theologian and professor of Islamic Studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, France.
Corbin was born in Paris in April 1903. As a boy he revealed the profound sensitivity to music so evident in his work. Although he was Protestant by birth, he was educated in the Catholic tradition and at the age of 19 received a certificate in Scholastic philosophy from the Catholic Institute of Paris. Three years later he took his "licence de philosophie" under the great Thomist Étienne Gilson. In 1928 he encountered the formidable Louis Massignon, director of Islamic studies at the Sorbonne, and it was he who introduced Corbin to the writings of Suhrawardi, the 12th century Persian mystic and philosopher whose work was to profoundly affect the course of Corbin’s life. The stage was then set for a personal drama that has deep significance for understanding those cultures whose roots lie in both ancient Greece and in the prophetic religions of the Near East reaching all the way back to Zoroaster. Years later Corbin said “through my meeting with Suhrawardi, my spiritual destiny for the passage through this world was sealed. Platonism, expressed in terms of the Zoroastrian angelology of ancient Persia, illuminated the path that I was seeking.”
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Hisham Kabbani
Muhammad Hisham Kabbani (born 13 Safar 1364 / 28 January 1945) is a prominent Lebanese-American Sufi Muslim. Kabbani advocates an understanding of Islam described by his supporters as fundamentally based on peace, tolerance, respect and love. Kabbani has been an outspoken critic of extremism as well as the Wahabi doctrine. Shaykh Kabbani is a spiritual teacher in the line of the Naqshbandi-Haqqani Sufi Order. He is chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council of America and the Sufi Muslim Council.
Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani descends from a long line of scholars, and was born in Beirut, Lebanon. For more than 50 years he has been a disciple of Nazim al-Qubrusi and his representative in United States.
On the order of al-Qubrusi, Kabbani relocated to the United States in 1991, where he has opened 13 Sufi outreach centers focused on spreading Sufism. He has lectured at many universities, including the University of Chicago, Columbia University and the University of California, Berkeley, as well as at many spiritual and religious centers throughout North America, Europe, the Far East, and the Middle East.
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Hossein Nasr
Seyyed Hossein Nasr (in Persian: سید حسین نصر) (born April 7, 1933 in Tehran) is an Iranian University Professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University, and a prominent Islamic philosopher. He is the author of many scholarly books and articles.
Nasr is a Muslim Persian philosopher and renowned scholar of comparative religion, a lifelong student and follower of Frithjof Schuon, and writes in the fields of Islamic esoterism, Sufism, philosophy of science, and metaphysics.
Nasr was the first Muslim to deliver the prestigious Gifford Lectures, and in year 2000, a volume was devoted to him in the Library of Living Philosophers.
Professor Nasr speaks and writes based on the doctrine and the viewpoints of the perennial philosophy on subjects such as philosophy, religion, spirituality, music, art, architecture, science, literature, civilizational dialogues, and the natural environment. He also wrote two books of poetry (namely Poems of the Way and The Pilgrimage of Life and the Wisdom of Rumi), and has been even described as a 'polymath'.
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Ibn Arabi
Ibn ʿArabī (Arabic: ابن عربي) (Murcia July 28, 1165 – Damascus November 10, 1240) was an Arab Andalusian Sufi mystic and philosopher.
He was sometimes referred to as "the Son of Plato" (Ibn Aflatun) for his devotion to Plato.
'Abū 'Abdillāh Muḥammad ibn 'Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn `Arabī (أبو عبد الله محمد ابن علي ابن محمد ابن عربي ) was born into a respectable family in Murcia, Taifa of Murcia on the 17th of Ramaḍān 561 AH (27th or 28 July 1165 AD). Muḥyiddin Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad ibn ‘Arabī was widely known as al-Shaykh al-Akbar; in medieval Europe he was called Doctor Maximus.
His father, ‘Ali ibn Muḥammad, served in the Army of ibn Mardanīsh. When ibn Mardanīsh died in 1172 AD, ‘Ali ibn Muḥammad swiftly shifted his allegiance to the Almohad Sultan, Abū Ya’qūb Yūsuf I, and became one of his military advisers. His family then relocated from Murcia to Seville.
ibn ‘Arabī’s dogmatic and intellectual training began in Seville, then the cultural and civilized center of Muslim Iberia, in 578 AH. Most of his teachers were the clergy of the Almohad era and some of them also held the official posts of Qadi or Khatib. He was a young boy when his father sent him to the renowned jurist Abū Bakr ibn Khalaf to study the Qur'an. ibn ‘Arabī learned the recitation of the Qur'an from the book of Al-Kafi in the seven different Qira'at. The same work was also transmitted to him by another ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Ghālib ibn al-Sharrāt. At the age of ten, he was well-versed in the Qira’āt; afterwards he learned the sciences of Hadith, Fiqh and Sirah from the famous scholars of the time such as Al-Suhayli.
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Ibrahim ibn Adham
Ibrahim ibn Adham (إبراهيم بن أدهم; c. 718 – c. 782 / AH c. 100– c. 165) is one of the most prominent of the early ascetic Sufi saints.
The story of his conversion is one of the most celebrated in Sufi legend, as that of a prince renouncing his throne and choosing asceticism closely echoing the legend of Gautama Buddha. Sufi tradition ascribes to Ibrahim countless acts of righteousness, and his humble lifestyle, which contrasted sharply with his early life as the king of Balkh (itself an earlier center of Buddhism). As recounted by Abu Nu'aym, Ibrahim emphasized the importance of stillness and meditation for asceticism. Rumi extensively described the legend of Ibrahim in his Masnavi. The most famous of Ibrahim's students is Shaqiq al-Balkhi (d. 810).
According to Muslim tradition, Ibrahim's family was from Kufa but he was born in Balkh. While some writers traced his lineage back to Umar, the most famous family tree of his Sufi ancestors, most authors trace it to 'Abdullah, the brother of Ja'far al-Sadiq, and son of Muhammad al-Baqir, the grandson of Husayn ibn Ali.
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Idries Shah
Idries Shah (16 June 1924 – 23 November 1996) (Persian: ادریس شاه, Hindi: इदरीस शाह), also known as Idris Shah, né Sayed Idries el-Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس هاشمي), was an author and teacher in the Sufi tradition who wrote over three dozen critically acclaimed books on topics ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies.
Born in India, the descendant of a family of Afghan nobles, Shah grew up mainly in England. His early writings centred on magic and witchcraft. In 1960 he established a publishing house, Octagon Press, producing translations of Sufi classics as well as titles of his own. His most seminal work was The Sufis, which appeared in 1964 and was well received internationally. In 1965, Shah founded the Institute for Cultural Research, a London-based educational charity devoted to the study of human behaviour and culture. A similar organisation, the Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge (ISHK), exists in the United States, under the directorship of Stanford University psychology professor Robert Ornstein, whom Shah appointed as his deputy in the U.S.
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Imadaddin Nasimi
‘Alī ‘Imādu d-Dīn Nasīmī (Azerbaijani: Seyid Əli İmadəddin Nəsimi عمادالدین نسیمی, Arabic: عمادالدین نسیمی), often known as Nesimi, (1369 Unknown) –1417 skinned alive in Aleppo) was a 14th-century Azerbaijani[citation needed] or TurkmenḤurūfī poet. Known mostly by his pen name (or takhallus) of Nesîmî, he composed one divan in Azerbaijani, one in Persian, and a number of poems in Arabic. He is considered one of the greatest Turkic mystical poets of the late 14th and early 15th centuries and one of the most prominent early divan masters in Turkic literary history.
Very little is known for certain about Nesîmî's life, including his real name. Most sources indicate that his name was İmâdüddîn, but it is also claimed that his name may have been Alî or Ömer. It is also possible that he was descended from Muhammad, since he has sometimes been accorded the title of sayyid that is reserved for people claimed to be in Muhammad's line of descent.
Nesîmî's birthplace, like his real name, is wrapped in mystery: some claim that he was born in a province called Nesîm — hence the pen name — located either near Aleppo in modern-day Syria, or near Baghdad in modern-day Iraq, but no such province has been found to exist. There are also claims that he was born in Shamakhi-which is mostly likely because his brother is buried in Shamakhi, Azerbaijan.
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Ivan Aguéli
Ivan Aguéli (born John Gustaf Agelii) (May 24, 1869 - October 1, 1917) also named Sheikh 'Abd al-Hādī 'Aqīlī (Arabic: شيخ عبد الهادی عقیلی) upon his conversion to Islam, was a Swedish wandering Sufi, painter and author. As a devotee of Ibn Arabi, his metaphysics applied to the study of Islamic esoterism and its similarities with other esoteric traditions of the world. He was the initiator of René Guénon into Sufism and founder of the Parisian al Akbariyya society. His art was a unique form of miniature Post-Impressionism where he used the blend of colours to create a sense of depth and distance. His unique style of art made him one of the founders of the Swedish contemporary art movement.
Ivan Aguéli was born John Gustaf Agelii in the small Swedish town of Sala in 1869, the son of veterinarian Johan Gabriel Agelii.
Between the years 1879-1889 Aguéli conducted his studies in Gotland and Stockholm. Early on in his youth he began showing an exceptional artistic talent and a keen interest in religious mysticism.
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Jahaniyan Jahangasht
Makhdoom Jahaniyan Jahangasht مخدوم سید جہانیاں جہانگشت نقوی البخاری (b 1308- d 1384) was a famous Sufi saint from the South Asia. His descendants are known as Bukhari and are a prominent lineage of Suhrawardi Saadat. Makhdoom was born on 19 January 1308 AD (14 Shaban 707 AH) in Uch near Bahawalpur. His father, Syed Ahmed Kabir, was the youngest son of Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari, who came to the South Asia in 630 AH (1232 AD) from Bukhara.
Like his grandfather, his actual name was Jalaluddin, but due to his extensive travelling he acquired the title of Jahangasht, meaning "the world tourer".
He completed his education in Uch and Multan. Since the arrival of Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari, his family had been the centre of Islamic propagation in South Asia and due to this prominent status Makhdoom was appointed Shaikh ul Islam by the king Sultan Muhammad Tughlaq. This was a lofty appointment however, Makhdoom left the job and set out for hajj by foot which was considered a noble way to express the devotion to Allah.
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Jami
Nur ad-Dīn Abd ar-Rahmān Jāmī (Persian: نورالدین عبدالرحمن جامی) also known as DJāmī, Mawlanā Nūr al-Dīn 'Abd al-Rahmān or Abd-Al-Rahmān Nur-Al-Din Muhammad Dashti who is commonly known as Jami (August 18, 1414 – November 17, 1492), is known for his achievements as a scholar, mystic, writer, composer of numerous lyrics and idylls, historian, and one of the greatest Persian and Sufi poets of the 15th century. Jami was primarily an outstanding poet-theologian of the school of Ibn Arabī and a prominent Khwājagānī Sũfī. He was recognized for his eloquent tongue and ready at repartee who analyzed the idea of the metaphysics of mercy. Among his famous poetical works are: Haft Awrang, Tuhfat al-Ahrar, Layla wa -Majnun, Fatihat al-Shabab, Lawa'ih, Al-Durrah al-Fakhirah.
Jami was born in Khardijird/Kharjerd in central Khorasan. Previously his father Nizām al-Dīn Ahmad b. Shams al-Dīn Muhammad had come from Dasht, a small town in the district of Isfahan. A few years after his birth, his family migrated to the cultural city of Herat where he was able to study Peripateticism, mathematics, Arabic literature, natural sciences, language, logic, rhetoric and Islamic philosophy at the Nizamiyyah University of Herat. His father became his first teacher and mentor, who was also a Sufi. While in Herat, Jami was a central role and function of the Timurid court, involved in the politics, economics, philosophy, religion, and Persian culture.
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Junayd of Baghdad
Junayd of Baghdad (Persian: جنید بغدادی) was one of the most famous of the early PersianMuslim mystics, or Sufis, of Islam and is a central figure in the golden chain of many Sufi orders. Junayd taught in Baghdad throughout his spiritual lifetime and was an important figure in the development of central Sufi doctrine. Junayd, like Hasan of Basra before him, was widely revered by his students and disciples as well as quoted by other mystics. Because of his importance in Sufi theology, Junayd was often referred to as the "Sultan".
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Jābir ibn Hayyān
Abu Mūsā Jābir ibn Hayyān (al-Azdi / al-Kufi / al-Tusi / al-Sufi), often known simply as Geber, (Persian: جابر بن حیان)(Arabic: جابر بن حیان) (born c. 721 in Tus, Persia; died c. 815 in Kufa, Iraq) was a prominent polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geographer, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician. Born and educated in Tus, he later traveled to Kufa. Jābir is held to have been the first practical alchemist.
As early as the tenth century, the identity and exact corpus of works of Jābir was in dispute in Islamic circles. His name was Latinized as "Geber" in the Christian West and in 13th century Europe an anonymous writer, usually referred to as Pseudo-Geber, produced alchemical and metallurgical writings under the pen-name Geber.
In 987 Ibn al-Nadim compiled the Kitab al-Fihrist which mentions Jabir as a spiritual leader and as a companion to Jafar as-Sadiq (he is not listed among the students of Jafar as-Sadiq but many of the writings of the Jabirian corpus are dedicated to Jafar as-Sadiq). In another reference al-Nadim reports that a group of philosophers claimed Jabir was one of their own members. Another group, reported by al-Nadim, says only The Large Book of Mercy is genuine and that the rest are pseudographical. Their assertions are rejected by al-Nadim. Joining al-Nadim in asserting a real Jabir; Ibn-Wahshiyya ("Jaber ibn Hayyn al-Sufi ...book on poison is a great work..") Rejecting a real Jabir; (the philosopher c.970) Abu Sulayman al-Mantiqi claims the real author is one al-Hasan ibn al-Nakad al-Mawili. 14th century critic of Arabic literature, Jamal al-Din ibn Nubata al-Misri declares all the writings attributed to Jabir doubtful.
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Khwaja Ghulam Farid
Hazrat Khawaja Ghulam Farid (Urdu, Saraiki, Punjabi(Shahmukhi):حضرت خواجہ غُلام فرید, (Gurmukhi): ਹਜ਼ਰਤ ਖ਼੍ਵਾਜਾ ਗ਼ੁਲਾਮ ਫ਼ਰੀਦ, Hindi(Devanagari): हज़रत ख़्वाजा ग़ुलाम फ़रीद) or Khawaja Farid (1845-1901) is considered one of the most read and respected sufi poets in the Indian subcontinent. He belonged to Chishti-Nizami sufi order. He was born and died at Chachran Sharif and was buried at Mithankot in district Rajanpur. He traveled to different cities and preached for Islam and peace.
He was the son of Khwaja Khuda Bakhsh. His mother died when he was five years old and he was orphaned at age twelve when his father died. He was educated by his elder brother, Fakhr Jahan Uhdi.
He was a scholar of that time and wrote several books. He knew Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Sindhi, Braj Bhasha, and Saraiki. He is great poet of Saraiki waseb. He also wrote some poems in Sindhi, Persian, and Braj Bhasha. He was an anti-imperialist poet. He opposed British rule in Bahawalpur. He said to ruler of Bahawalpur in his poem, "You rule yourself on your state and finish police station of British from your state." اپڑیں ملک کوں آپ وسا توں۔پٹ انگریزی تھانے
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Kurt Almqvist
Kurt Almqvist (1912–2001), PhD in Romance Languages, Swedish poet, intellectual and spiritual figure, representative of the Traditionalist School and the Perennial philosophy. Almqvist was a life-long disciple of the Swiss metaphysician and spiritual guide Frithjof Schuon. He came into close contact with the spiritual representatives of the Shadhiliyya order in the middle of the 1940s. He introduced Schuon's teachings on spirituality and transcendent unity of religions in a number of publications.[citation needed] He also introduced the works of René Guénon in his writings. He was a frequent contributor to the quarterly journal, Studies in Comparative Religion, which dealt with religious symbolism and the Traditionalist perspective.
Almqvist received his doctorate in 1951 from Uppsala university on a dissertation concerning Guilhem Ademar, Poésies du troubadour Guilhem Adémar. He is the author of several essays and books in Swedish on religion and metaphysics, including four collections of poetry.
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Lex Hixon
Lex Hixon (1941–1995; born Alexander Paul Hixon, also known as Nur al-Anwar al-Jerrahi) was an accomplished author, poet, and spiritual teacher. He practiced and held membership in several of the world's major great religious traditions, and documented his spiritual explorations in nine books and many articles and teachings given to various groups. His conviction that all of the great religions are true found expression in his works; this idea was sparked by his study of the life and teachings of Sri Ramakrishna, who gave these radical teachings in 19th century Calcutta. It became a passionate conviction for Hixon, and he made his life a witness to this belief by fully immersing himself in multiple religious practices and studies. This was not a research project but an act of faith.
Hixon was born in Pasadena, California on December 25, 1941, one of three sons of Alexander and Adelaide Hixon. He married his second wife Sheila in 1965; they had two daughters and one son. Shanti, India and Dylan (Hixon also had a daughter from a previous marriage). He graduated from Yale University, where he majored in philosophy, and received a PhD in Comparative Religion from Columbia University in 1976.
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Magtymguly Pyragy
Magtymguly Pyragy (Persian: مختومقلی فراغی Makhtumqoli Faraghi; Turkmen: Magtymguly Pyragy) (1733–1797) was a Turkmen spiritual leader and philosophical poet who made significant efforts to secure independence[citation needed] and autonomy for his people in the 18th century.
Magtymguly is widely believed to have been born in the Hajygowshan village near Gonbad-e Qabus city in what is now the Iranian province of Golestan. In his poetry, Magtymguly says “Tell those who enquire about me that I am a Gerkez, I hail from Etrek and my name is Makhtumkuli,” identifying his homeland as the banks of the Etrek River and expressing his identity through his tribe.
He received his early education in the Persian and Arabic languages from his father Döwletmämmet Azady (Persian: دولتمحمد آزادی), a leading scholar at that time. He went on to study in various madrassahs, including the Idris Baba Madrassah in the village of Gyzyl Ayak, the Madrassah of Shir Gazi Khan in Khiva, and may have also studied in Bukhara for some time. Upon his return home, Magtymguly worked as a silversmith while he taught and wrote. He went on to develop a realistic style of writing about 18th century Turkmen that proved very popular and ultimately led to him becoming one of the most cherished Turkmen poets of all time. He was also a devout naqshbandi Sufist who was said to have traveled throughout all the lands comprising modern Turkmenistan, teaching and praying for the salvation of his people.
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Martin Lings
Martin Lings (also known as Abu Bakr Siraj Ad-Din) (January 24, 1909 – May 12, 2005) was an English Muslim writer and scholar, a student and follower of Frithjof Schuon, and Shakespearean scholar. He is best known as the author of a very popular and positively reviewed biography, Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources, first published in 1983 and still in print.
Lings was born in Burnage, Manchester in 1909 to a Protestant family. The young Lings gained an introduction to travelling at a young age, spending significant time in the United States due to his father's employment. Lings attended Clifton College and went on to Magdalen College, Oxford, where he gained a BA in English Language and Literature. At Magdalen, he was a student and then a close friend of C. S. Lewis. After graduating from Oxford Lings went to Vytautas Magnus University, in Lithuania, where he taught Anglo-Saxon and Middle English.
For Lings himself, however, the most important event whilst at Oxford was his discovery of the writings of the René Guénon, a French metaphysician and Muslim convert, and those of Frithjof Schuon, a German spiritual authority, metaphysician and Perennialist. In 1938, Lings went to Basle to make Schuon's acquaintance and he remained Frithjof Schuon's disciple and expositor for the rest of his life.[citation needed]
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Maruf Karkhi
Maruf Karkhi (Persian: معروف کرخی), known also by his full name Abu Mahfuz Maruf Ibn Firuz al-Karkhi, was a Sufi Saint who is a pivotal figure in Sufism. He came from a Christian background and the story of his conversion to Islam is one of the most famous in Islamic lore.
Maruf was born in the district of Wasit or Karkh in Baghdad. His father's name was Firuz, which suggests that he was of Persian origin. His original religion is usually understood to have been Christian, which may mean that the Armenian Islamic preacher and mystic, Farqad Sabakhi, may have mentored Maruf Karkhi.Attar narrates in his Memorial of the Saints that Maruf converted to Islam at a young age at the hands of Ali ibn Musa, after rejecting all forms of polytheism. Tradition recounts that he immediately went and told his father and mother, who rejoiced at his decision and became Muslims themselves. After accepting Islam, Maruf became a student of Dawud Ta'i, and underwent a severe trial of his discipleship. Maruf, however, remained steadfast and proved himself so devout that his righteousness became locally famous.
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Michael Sells
Michael Anthony Sells (Born in Butte MT, on May 8, 1949) is currently the John Henry Barrows Professor of Islamic History and Literature at the Divinity School of the University of Chicago.[1]. Michael Sells studies and teaches in the areas of qur'anic studies, Sufism, Arabic and Islamic love poetry, mysticism (Greek, Islamic, Christian, and Jewish), and religion and violence.
He completed a new and expanded edition of his 1999 book Approaching the Qur'an: the Early Revelations. Also published three volumes on Arabic poetry, Desert Tracings: Six Classic Arabian Odes, Stations of Desire, and The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature, Al-Andalus, which he co-edited and to which he contributed. His books on mysticism include Early Islamic Mysticism, translations and commentaries on influential mystical passages from the Qur'an, hadith, Arabic poetry, and early Sufi writings, as well as Mystical Languages of Unsaying, an examination of apophatic language, with special attention to Plotinus, John the Scot, Ibn al-`Arabi, Meister Eckhart, and Marguerite Porete. His work on religion and violence includes The Bridge Betrayed: Religion and Genocide in Bosnia, and The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy which he co-edited and to which he contributed. He teaches courses on the topics of the Qur'an, Islamic love poetry, comparative mystical literature, Arabic Sufi poetry, and Ibn al-`Arabi.[2]
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Moinuddin Chishti
Sultan-ul-Hind, Moinuddin Chishti (Urdu/Persian: معین الدین چشتی) (Persian: چشتی - Čištī) (Arabic: ششتى - Shishti) was born in 1141 and died in 1230 CE. Also known as Gharīb Nawāz "Benefactor of the Poor" (غریب نواز), he is the most famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order of the Indian Subcontinent. He introduced and established the order in South Asia. The initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chishti order in India, comprising Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki, Baba Farid and Nizamuddin Auliya (each successive person being the disciple of the previous one), constitutes the great Sufi saints of Indian history.
Moinuddin Chishtī is said to have been born in 536 A.H./1141 CE, in Chishti in Sistan region of Afghanistan. He was a Sayed, a descendant of Muhammad through Ja'far aṣ-Ṣādiq. He grew up in Persia. His parents died when he was only fifteen years old. He inherited a windmill and an orchard from his father. During his childhood, young Moinuddin was different from others and kept himself busy in prayers and meditation. Legend has it that once when he was watering his plants, a revered Sufi, Shaikh Ibrāhim Qundūzī (or Kunduzi) -- the name deriving from his birth place, Kunduz in Afghanistan -- came to his orchard. Young Moinuddin approached him and offered him some fruits. In return, Sheikh Ibrāhīm Qundūzī gave him a piece of bread and asked him to eat it. The Khwāja got enlightened and found himself in a strange world after eating the bread. After this he disposed of his property and other belongings and distributed the money to the poor. He renounced the world and left for Bukhara in search of knowledge and higher education.
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Najmuddin Kubra
Najmuddīn-e Kubrā (Persian: نجمالدین کبری) or Najm al-Din Kubra, (Shaykh Abū al-Jannāb Ahmad ibn ‘Umar) was a 13th-century Persian Sufi from Khwarezmia, the founder of the Kubrawiyya or Kubraviyah Sufi order, influential in the Ilkhanid and Timurid. His method, exemplary of a "golden age" of Sufi metaphysics, was related to the Illuminism of Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi as well as to Rumi's Shams Tabrizi. Kubra was born in 540/1145 and died in 617/1220.
Born in 540/1145, Najm al-din Kubra began his career as a scholar of hadith and kalam. His interest in Sufism began in Egypt where he became a murid of Shaykh Ruzbihan Baghli Shirazi, who was an initiate of the Oveisy order. After years of study, he abandoned his exploration of the religious sciences and devoted himself entirely to the Sufi way of life. Sufi shaikh Zia-Al-Din-'Ammar Bedlisi was Kubra's teacher, who tried to present Sufi thought in a new way to provide contemplation and influence for the reader. After receiving his khirka, Kubra gained a large following of gnostics and writers on Sufism It is because his followers are predominantly Sufi writers and gnostics, that Kubra was given the title "manufacturer of saints," and his order was named the Kubraviyah. Kubra's main body of works concerns the analysis of the visionary experience. He wrote numerous important works discussing the visionary experience, including a Sufi commentary on the Qu'ran that he was unable to complete due to his death in 617/1220. Kubra died during the Mongol conquests after refusing to leave his city, where he fought in hand-to-hand combat against the Mongols. Overall, Kubra is remembered as a pioneer of the Sufi tradition and explanation of spiritual visionary experiences. Kubra's work spread throughout the Middle East and Central Asia where it flourished for many years, until it gradually was taken over by other similar more popular ideologies and Sufi leaders.
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Nizamuddin Auliya
Sultan-ul-Mashaikh, Mehboob-e-Ilahi, Hazrat Shaikh Khwaja Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya (1238 - 3 April 1325) (Urdu: حضرت شیخ خواجہ سیّد محمد نظام الدّین اولیاء), also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, was a famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order in the Indian Subcontinent, an order that believed in drawing close to God through renunciation of the world and service to humanity. He is one of the great saints of the Chishti order in India. His predecessors were Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki and Fariduddin Ganjshakar. In that sequence, they constitute the initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chisti order, which is widely prevalent in India and Pakistan.
Nizamuddin Auliya, like his predecessors, stressed upon the element of love as a means of realisation of God. For him his love of God implied a love of humanity. His vision of the world was marked by a highly evolved sense of secularity and kindness. It is claimed by the 14th century historiographer Ziauddin Barani that his influence on the Muslims of Delhi was such that a paradigm shift was effected in their outlook towards worldly matters. People began to be inclined towards mysticism and prayers and remaining aloof from the world.
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Nooruddeen Durkee
Shaykh Abdullah Nooruddeen Durkee is a Muslim scholar, thinker, author, translator and the khalifah (successor) for North America of the Shadhdhuli School for Tranquility of Being and the Illumination of Hearts, Green Mountain Branch. Nooruddeen Durkee became a Muslim in his early thirties in al-Quds, Jerusalem. He is the founder of Lama Foundation and Dar al-Islam Foundation. His major contribution is in the area of education, and for many years specifically in the realm of teaching reading, writing, and reciting of Qur'anic Arabic, which grew out of his work in the translation and transliteration of the sacred texts of the Shadhdhuliyyah and finally the Qur'an. One of his main contributions is the development of a transliteration of the Qur'an which has enabled non-Arabic people to understand and recite Quranic Arabic. Additionally he serves as a khateeb and an imam for various nearby Muslim communities on the Eastern coast of United States.
Shaykh Noorudeen has been granted an 'ijaza in Islamic Calling (da'wah) by Shaykh and H.E. Ambassador Umar Abdullah of the Comoro Islands, an 'ijaza in Islamic Introspection and Observation (muraqabah) by Shaykh and Dr. Seyed Ali Ashraf of Dhaka, Jeddahand Cambridge, and an 'ijaza in the Teaching, Propagation of Islam and the Nourishment of the Murids by Shaykh and Qadi (retd) Muhammad al-Jamal ar-Rif'aiof al-Quds ash-Shareef. In the professional world he was granted a Masters Degree [M.Arch] in Islamic Building in 1983 by Dr. Hasan Fathy of the Institute of Appropriate Technology in Kuwait.
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Nuh Ha Mim Keller
Nuh Ha Mim Keller (born 1954) is an American Muslim translator of Islamic books and a specialist in Islamic law, as well as being authorised by Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghouri as a sheikh in sufism in the Shadhili Order. He is one of the foremost Muslim theologians and experts on Sufism in the West.
Keller was born in 1954 in the Northwestern United States.[citation needed]
He studied philosophy and Arabic at the University of Chicago, located in Chicago, Illinois, and the University of California, Los Angeles, located in Los Angeles, California. Keller converted to Islam from Christianity in 1977.
His English translation of Umdat al-Salik, Reliance of the Traveller, (Sunna Books, 1991) is a Shafi'i manual of Shariah. It is the first Islamic legal work in a European language to receive the certification of Al-Azhar University. This translation has led to this work becoming influential among Western Muslims.
Nuh Ha Mim Keller possesses ijazas, or "certificates of authorisation", in Islamic jurisprudence from sheikhs in Syria and Jordan.[citation needed]
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Omar Ali Shah
Omar Ali-Shah (Hindi: ओमर अली शाह, Urdu: عمر علی شاہ) was a prominent exponent of modern Naqshbandi Sufism who lived from 1922 to 2005. He wrote a number of books on the subject, and was head of a large number of sufi groups, particularly in Latin America, Europe and Canada.
Omar Ali-Shah was born in 1922 into a family that traces itself back to the year 122 BC through the Prophet Mohammed and to the Sassanian Emperors of Persia. He was the son of Sirdar Ikbal Ali Shah of Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh, India and the older brother of Idries Shah, another writer and teacher of Sufism.
Omar Ali-Shah gained notoriety in 1967, when he published, together with Robert Graves, a new translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. This translation quickly became controversial; Graves was attacked for trying to break the spell of famed passages in Edward FitzGerald's Victorian translation, and L. P. Elwell-Sutton, an Orientalist at Edinburgh University, maintained that the manuscript used by Ali-Shah and Graves – which Ali-Shah claimed had been in his family for 800 years – was a "clumsy forgery". The manuscript was never produced for examination by critics; the scholarly consensus today is that the "Jan-Fishan Khan manuscript" was a hoax, and that the actual source of Omar Ali-Shah's version was a study by Edward Heron-Allen, a Victorian amateur scholar.
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Osman Nuri Topbaş
Osman Nuri Topbaş (born in 1942) is a Turkish Sufi master and author who lives in Istanbul, Turkey. He is the spiritual leader of Naqshbandi Sufi Order based in Istanbul.
He was born in 1942 in Erenkoy/Istanbul. His father is master Musa Topbas, and his mother is the daughter of H.Fahri Kigili, Mrs. Fatma Feride. He completed his first training in Erenkoy Zihni Pasha Primary School. He took special Qur'an lessons in his primary school years. He entered Istanbul Imam Hatip School (Religious High School) in 1953. In those years, this school was an important educational institution having Ottoman’s great plane trees which can be counted as masters M. Celaleddin Okten and Mahir Iz; thinkers like Nureddin Topcu who has trained in West. Master (Ustadh) Osman Nuri Topbas completed this school with his uncle and peer Abidin Topbas in 1960. In his high school years, he has taken lessons from teachers like M. Zekai Konrapa, Yaman Dede (Abdülkadir Keçeoğlu), Ahmet Davutoğlu, Mahmud Bayram, Ali Rızâ Sağman. In his Imam-Hatip years, he met Ustadh Necip Fazil. He was a regular follower of Necip Fazil’s talks and magazine “Büyük Doğu”. After completing Imam-Hatip School successfully, he was occupied with trade and industrialism. He did his military service as reserve-officer teacher in Siirt-Tillo, in 1962. During his duty, the love of being teacher fell to his heart and he started to take pleasure from caring for the teenagers.
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Otman Baba
Otman Baba (c. 1378 – 8 Receb 1478) was a 15th-century dervish who traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire, acquiring a following among heterodox Muslims in Bulgaria after 1445 that has developed into his veneration as a saint. After Otman Baba's death, a pilgrimage complex grew around his grave in the present-day Bulgarian village of Teketo, which was made a museum during communism. The hagiography of Otman Baba, written by his disciple Küçük Abdal and regarded by his followers as a canonical text, maintains that Otman Baba performed miracles that proved his superiority to other dervishes and Ottoman authorities, particularly Sultan Mehmed II. Straying from orthodox Islamic tenets, Otman Baba asserted his unity with God and his mastery of divine secrets—as the embodiment of monotheistic religious figures such as Muhammad, Jesus, and Moses.
Written five-and-a-half years after his death, the vilâyetname (hagiography) of Otman Baba provides the most thorough if biased depiction of the mystic's life. It differs from similar hagiographic accounts, as it more prominently presents historical information during Otman Baba's lifetime. Written by a direct disciple of Otman Baba named Küçük Abdal (also Köğçek/Köçek Abdal), the original vilâyetname was entitled Haza Kitab-i Risale-i Vilâyet-name-i Sultan Baba, kaddes’ Allahu sırruh ül-aziz (This book is a book with description of the miracles of Sultan Baba, let Allah consecrate his tomb). Known manuscripts of the vilâyetname include a 260-page one transcribed by Şeyh Ömer (Umar) bin Dervish Ahmed in 1758 and one from the Bulgarian village of Gorna Krepost taken to Turkey with the Alevi emigrants. A modern Turkish retelling based on various sources also exists.
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Peer Zulfiqar Ahmad
Shaykh Zulfiqar Ahmad (Db) (also known as Peer Zulfiqar Ahmad) is a Shaykh (mentor) of Tasawwuf (Islamic Spiritualism). Formally granted authorization (ijazah) in the Naqshbandi spiritual path (tariqah), by Murshid-e-Alam (Chief Mentor) Shaykh Ghulam Habib Naqshbandi (Rah), he retired from his position as an electrical engineer at the age of forty, to devote himself entirely to religious work. He regularly[vague] travels to more than thirty countries. Thousands[vague] of religious scholars and students of Islamic learning are among his students (murids). Shaykh Zulfiqar Ahmad regularly[vague] delivers lectures in both English and Urdu across the world. He has written dozens[vague] of books, many[vague] of which have been translated into several[vague] languages. A testament to his deep love for Allah, his uncompromising dedication to sunnah of the blessed Prophet , and his firm adherence to Islamic Law (shariah) is that thousands of religious scholars and students of Islamic learning are among his students (murids). Shaykh Zulfiqar Ahmad's spiritual chain traces back through a series of authentic teachers all the way to the Holy Prophet . Below is the Honorable chain silsila.
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Qalandar Baba Auliya
Qalandar Baba Auliya (Urdu: قلندر با با اولیا) is the title of the Sufi mystic Sayyed Muhammad Azim Barkhiyya (can also spell Azeem) (1898, Uttar Pradesh, India – January 27, 1979, Karachi), the founder of the Azimiyya. His mother was adopted by Baba Tajuddin of Nagpur and hence Qalandar Baba always referred the latter as his nana (maternal grandfather). He was given the honorifics Abdal-i-Haq and Hasn-e-Ukhra (Urdu: سید محمد عظیم برخیا).
Living in Aligarh he spent much time in the company of the local Sufi Kabli Baba. After he had completed the 12th grade of school, Baba Tajuddin summoned him to Nagpur, where he spent nine years under Baba's guidance until his death in 1929. During this time his mother died, leaving four daughters and two sons, Muhammad Azim being the eldest son. Baba Tajuddin arranged his marriage with one of his disciples' daughters in Delhi. Muhammad Azim moved his family to Delhi and worked there as a journalist until the partition of India in 1947. After this he and his family migrated to Pakistan, settling in Karachi's Lyari subdivision. He was appointed sub-editor of the Daily Urdu Dawn.
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Rabia Basri
Rābiʻa al-ʻAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya (Arabic: رابعة العدوية القيسية) or simply Rābiʿah al-Baṣrī (Arabic: رابعة البصري) (717–801 C.E.) was a female Muslim saint and Sufi mystic.
She was born between 95 and 99 Hijri in Basra, Iraq which is ~715 Julian . Much of her early life is narrated by Farid al-Din Attar, a later Sufi Saint and poet, who used earlier sources. Rabia herself did not leave any written works.
She was the fourth daughter of her family and therefore named Rabia, meaning "fourth". Although not born into slavery, her family was poor yet respected in the community.
According to Farid al-Din Attar, Rabia's parents were so poor that there was no oil in house to light a lamp, nor a cloth even to wrap her with. Her mother asked her husband to borrow some oil from a neighbor, but he had resolved in his life never to ask for anything from anyone except the Creator. He pretended to go to the neighbor's door and returned home empty-handed.
In the night Muhammad appeared to him in a dream and told him, "Your newly born daughter is a favorite of the Lord, and shall lead many Muslims to the right path. You should approach the Amir of Basra and present him with a letter in which should be written this message: 'You offer Durood to the Holy Prophet one hundred times every night and four hundred times every Thursday night. However, since you failed to observe the rule last Thursday, as a penalty you must pay the bearer four hundred dinars'".
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René Guénon
René Guénon (November 15, 1886 – January 7, 1951), also known as Shaykh `Abd al-Wahid Yahya, was a French author and intellectual who remains an influential figure in the domain of metaphysics, having written on topics ranging from metaphysics, "sacred science" and traditional studies to symbolism and initiation.
In his writings, he proposes either "to expose directly some aspects of Eastern metaphysical doctrines", these doctrines being defined by him as of "universal character", or "to adapt these same doctrines for Western readers while keeping strictly faithful to their spirit"; he only endorsed the act of "handing down" these Eastern doctrines, while reiterating their "non-personal character".
He wrote and published in French and his works have been translated into more than twenty languages.
René Guénon was born in Blois, a city in central France approximately 100 miles (~ 160 km) from Paris. Guénon, like most Frenchmen of the time, was born into a Roman Catholic family. Little is known of his family, although it appears that his father was an architect. By 1904, Guénon was living as a student in Paris, where his studies focused on mathematics and philosophy. He was known as a brilliant student, notably in mathematics, in spite of his poor health.
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Reshad Feild
Reshad Feild (born Richard Timothy Feild; 15 April 1934) is an English mystic, author, spiritual teacher, and musician. He is the author of more than a dozen books about Sufism and spirituality and has exercised a huge influence amongst western seekers over the last forty years[citation needed].
As a young, upper-class Englishman, he was educated at Eton and served in the Royal Navy, where he had an undistinguished career. In the early 1960s Feild was a founding member of the popular British folk trio The Springfields.
Feild was influenced spiritually by the teachings of, among others, G. I. Gurdjieff and P. D. Ouspensky. He was very much involved with spiritual healing, and was involved with the Alice Bailey community. In the late '60's, he was initiated as a sheikh in the Sufi Order International by Pir Vilayat Inayat Khan. He also met and studied with Bulent Rauf, a Turkish author and translator who himself stemmed from a long line of Sufism going back to the Andalusian mystic Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi (1165–1240). He established the Beshara Centre at Swyre Farm in Aldsworth, England, in 1970. A description of events at this center is given in the books I, Wabenzi and Beshara and Ibn 'Arabi: A Movement of Sufi Spirituality in the Modern World, by Rafi Zabor.
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Robert Frager
Robert Frager is a Harvard-trained psychologist. He is the past president of the Association for Transpersonal Psychology and the founder of the Institute of Transpersonal Psychology, where he is currently Director of the low residency Master of Arts in Spiritual Guidance program and professor of Psychology.
Frager is renowned[citation needed] for his pioneering work in the field of transpersonal psychology and for his role in establishing the country's first educational institution dedicated to this emerging field of research and practice. He also teaches courses in Spiritual Psychology and The Wisdom of Islam at the online University of Philosophical Research in Los Angeles and also in the online MA program of the Holmes Institute.[citation needed]
He is also a Sufi teacher, or sheikh, in the Halveti-Jerrahi Order, in which he was initiated by Muzaffer Ozak. He currently leads a dergah (Sufi community) in Redwood City, California as Sheikh Ragip al-Jerrahi.
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Rumi
Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Balkhī (Persian: جلالالدین محمد بلخى Persian pronunciation: [dʒælɒːlæddiːn mohæmmæde bælxiː]), also known as Jalāl ad-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (جلالالدین محمد رومی Persian pronunciation: [dʒælɒːlæddiːn mohæmmæde ɾuːmiː]) and popularly known as Mevlānā in Turkey and Mawlānā (Persian: مولانا Persian pronunciation: [moulɒːnɒː]) in Iran and Afghanistan but known to the English-speaking world simply as Rumi (30 September 1207 – 17 December 1273) was a 13th-century PersianMuslim poet, jurist, theologian, and Sufi mystic.Rūmī is a descriptive name meaning "Roman" since he lived most of his life in an area called "Rûm" (then under the control of Seljuq dynasty) because it was once ruled by the Eastern Roman Empire. He was one of the figures who flourished in the Sultanate of Rum.
It is likely that he was born in the village of Wakhsh, a small town located at the river Wakhsh in Persia (in what is now Tajikistan). Wakhsh belonged to the larger province of Balkh, and in the year Rumi was born, his father was an appointed scholar there. Both these cities were at the time included in the greater Persian cultural sphere of Khorasan, the easternmost province of Persia and was part of the Khwarezmian Empire.
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Saheb Qibla Fultali
Abdul Latif Chowdhury (Bengali: আব্দুল লতিফ চৌধুরী; 1913 – 16 January 2008), widely known as Saheb Qiblah Fultali, was an Islamic scholar of theology, philosopher, qira'at/tajweed teacher, murshid/pir, spiritual esotericist, philanthropist, and spiritual leader.
Abdul Latif Chowdhury 'Saheb Qibla Fultali' was born on 1913 (1321 AH) in the village of Fultali, Zakiganj, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Fultali Saheb died on Thursday 16 January 2008 at 2:10 am, in Sobhanighat, Sylhet due to natural causes. His funeral prayer took place on the day of his death following Asr Prayer Salah.
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Saint Nuri
Ahmed Ibn Abu al-Hassan al-Nuri (Persian: ابو الحسین النوری) (died 907 AD), known also as Nuri, was a famous early Sufi saint. He was born in Bagdad (in 840) where spent most of his life. He is the author of Maqamat al-qulub (Stations of the Hearts). He is famous for saying, "I love God and God loves me". He is one of the earliest sufis who was clearly mystical as illustrated by his saying "Joining with the Truth is parting from everything else, as parting with everything else is joining with it"
Nuri and several of his friends were accused of heresey and charged in 878 C.E. Nuri offered to be tried before his companions. The regent at the time was impressed by such magnaminity and investigated the case and found these Sufis to be good Muslims. Thus he set the accused free. Nuri, however, was exiled to Ar-Raqqah in Syria, whence he returned some years later, much deteriorated physically.
Poetry and statements from Nuri are narrated in popular Sufism. According to popular accounts, he gained the title "Nuri" because he "radiated light when talking". He was acquainted with Junayd Baghdadi.
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Sanai
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (Persian: حکیم ابوالمجد مجدود بن آدم سنایی غزنوی) was a PersianSufi poet who lived in Ghazna, in what is now Afghanistan between the 11th century and the 12th century. Some people spell his name as Sanayee. He died around 1131.
He was connected with the court of the Ghaznavid Bahram-shah who ruled 1118-1152. It is said that once when accompanying Bahramshah on a military expedition to India, Sanai met the Sufi teacher Lai-khur. Sanai quit Bahramshah's service as a court poet even though he was promised wealth and the king's daughter in marriage if he remained.
He wrote an enormous quantity of mystical verse, of which The Walled Garden of Truth or The Hadiqat al Haqiqa (حدیقه الحقیقه و شریعه الطریقه) is his master work and the first Persian mystical epic of Sufism. Dedicated to Bahram Shah, the work expresses the poet's ideas on God, love, philosophy and reason.
For close to 900 years The Walled Garden of Truth has been consistently read as a classic and employed as a Sufi textbook. According to Major T. Stephenson: "Sanai’s fame has always rested on his Hadiqa; it is the best known and in the East by far the most esteemed of his works; it is in virtue of this work that he forms one of the great trio of Sufi teachers — Sanai, Attar, Jalaludin Rumi." Sanai taught that lust, greed and emotional excitement stood between humankind and divine knowledge, which was the only true reality (Haqq). Love(Ishq) and a social conscience are for him the foundation of religion; mankind is asleep, living in a desolate world. To Sanai common religion was only habit and ritual.
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Sari Saltik
Sari Saltik (Turkish: Sarı Saltuk, Ottoman Turkish: صارى صالتق Ṣarı̊ Ṣaltı̊q, also referred as Sari Saltuk Baba or Dede) (d. 1297/1298) was a 13th-century semi-legendary Turkish dervish, venerated as a saint by the Bektashis in the Balkans and parts of Middle East.
According to the 17th-century traveller Evliya Çelebi, his real name was Mehmed, and he originated from Bukhara. According to 14th-century Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta, Saltik was an "ecstatic devotee", although "things are told of him that are reproved by the Divine Law". He is considered by various sources a disciple of Mahmud Hayran, of Haji Bektash Veli, or of one of the successors of Ahmed ar-Rifa'i. In a fetwa by the 16th century Sheikh ul-Islam Ebu's-Su'ud Effendi, Sari Saltik is considered a "Christian monk" who became a skeleton by asceticism. Early 20th century historian Frederick Hasluck considered him a saint of a Tatar tribe from Crimea, which had brought his cult into Dobruja, from where it was spread by the Bektashis.
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Shah Nimatullah Wali
Shāh Nimatullāh or Shāh Ni'matullāh Wali (1330–1431) (Persian: شاه نعمتالله ولی Shāh Ni'matullāh-i Valī), also spelled as Ne'matollah, Ni'matallah and Ni'mat Allah, was a Sufi Master and poet from the 14th and 15th centuries. Today there is a Sufi order Nimatullahi that considers him its founder.
Born in Aleppo, Syria, Ni’mattullah traced his own descent from the seventh Ismaili Imam, Muhammad ibn Ismail in both a poetic work as well as an epistle reproduced by his biographers ‘Abd al-Razzāq Kirmānī and ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Wā’iẓ. Ni'matullah travelled widely through the Muslim world, learning the philosophies of many masters, but not at first finding a personal teacher he could dedicate himself to. During this time, Ni'matullah also studied the writings of the great Sufi philosopher and mystic Ibn ʿArabī.
Ni'matullah met Abdollah Yafe'i in Mecca and subsequently became his disciple. He studied intensely with his teacher for seven years until, spiritually transformed, he was sent out for a second round of travels, this time as a realized teacher.
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Shah Waliullah
Shah Waliullah Muhaddith Dehlawi (February 21, 1703 – August 20, 1762) was an Islamic scholar and reformer. He was born during the reign of Aurangzeb. He worked for the revival of Muslim rule and intellectual learning in South Asia, during a time of waning Muslim power. He invited Ahmed Shah Abdalli (Durrani) to attack India and quell the rising power of Marathas. He opposed the divisions and deviations within Islam and its practice in India and hoped to "purify" the religion and unify all Indian Muslims under his "banner of truth". He is also thought to have anticipated a number of progressive social, economic, and political ideas of the modern era such as social reform, equal rights, labour protection, welfare entitlement of all to food, clothing and housing. Religious tolerance was one of the ideas of the modern era that he promoted.
Shah Waliullah was a descendent of the Quraish tribe of Arabia and his genealogy can be traced to the second khalifa of Islam, Umar on his paternal side. His father, Shah Abdur Rahim, named his son 'Qutbuddin Ahmad'. He was dubbed as 'Shah Waliullah' because waliullah means "friend of God" and he was a pious individual. He was from the Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah and was an adherent of Hanafi jurisprudence. His complete name was Shah Waliullah Qutbuddin Ahmad and he was born in Phulat, a town in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India on February 21, 1703.
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Shams Tabrizi
Shams-i-Tabrīzī or Shams al-Din Mohammad (1185-1248) was a PersianMuslim, who is credited as the spiritual instructor of Mewlānā Jalāl ad-Dīn Muhammad Balkhi, also known as Rumi and is referenced with great reverence in Rumi’s poetic collection, in particular Diwan-i Shams-i Tabrīzī (The Works of Shams of Tabriz). Tradition holds that Shams taught Rumi in seclusion in Konya for a period of forty days, before fleeing for Damascus. The tomb of Shams-i Tabrīzī was recently nominated to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
According to Sipah Salar, a devotee and intimate friend of Rumi who spent forty years with him, Shams was the son of the Imam Ala al-Din. In a work entitled Manāqib al-‘arifīn (Eulogies of the Gnostics), Aflaki names a certain ‘Ali as the father of Shams-i Tabrīzī and his grandfather as Malikdad. Apparently basing his calculations on Haji Bektash Veli's Maqālāt (Conversations), Aflaki suggests that Shams arrived in Konya at the age of sixty years. However, various scholars have questioned Aflaki’s reliability.
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Sheik Edebali
Sheikh Edebali (1206–1326) was a highly influential and respected Turkish religious leader, who helped shape and develop the policies of the growing Ottoman State.
Although sources pertaining to his place of birth are conflicting, Sheikh Edebali may have been born in Karaman, an important city for Seljuk Empire. Other sources indicate that he migrated to Anatolia from Khorasan, a region in Central Asia comprising modern day Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan.
After finishing his studies in Islamic law at Karaman, Edebali went to Damascus where he studied under notable Islamic scholars and thinkers. Edebali returned to Anatolia and settled in a village near Eskisehir.
Affluent and wealthy, Edebali spent his money for other people as he built lodges for religious students, gave food to the poor, and funded Islamic law programs aimed at teaching Anatolian Turks the principles of Islam. Edebali, who was also referred to as Mullah, is considered the spiritual founder of Ottoman Empire and also being the first Qadi of the empire.
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Sufi Barkat Ali
Hadrat Abu Anees Muhammad Barkat Ali Al-Ludhianiwi (Quddisa Sirrahul Aziz), also referred to as Babaji Sarkar by his disciples (27 April 1911 – 26 January 1997) was a Muslim Sufi saint who belongs to Qadri silsila of Hadrat Abdul-Qadir Gilani born in a small village of Brahmi in the Tehsil of Ludhiana in Northern India.
Hadrat is founder of the non-political, non-profit, religious organisation, Darul Ehsan.
Hadrat was born into a Muslim family belonging to the Dhariwal Jatt ethnic group. His father, Mian Nigahi Bakhsh, was an employee of the British Army.
Like the other Muslims he learned the reading of the Qur'an in his village Brahmi and then went for education to the nearest available schools in the towns of Halwara, a famous town for its Indian Air Force base and Rai Kot.[citation needed]
He gave various interviews to Pakistan National TV Channel PTV. On September 25, 2008 Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri praised the founder of Darul Ehsan, Barkat Ali and his work while talking to the participants.
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Sultan Walad
Baha al-Din Muhammad-i Walad (Persian: بها الدین محمد ولد), more popularly known as Sultan Walad (Persian: سلطان ولد), was the eldest son of Jalal Al-Din Rumi, Persian poet and Sufi, and one of the founders of the Mawlawiya (Persian: مولویه)order.
He was given the name of his grandfather Sultan al-Ulama Baha al-Din Walad. Mawlana Jalal al-Din Rumi sent Sultan Walad and his brother Ala al-Din Muhammad to Aleppo and Damascus for the study of religious sciences. Sultan Walad was deeply trusted by Rumi, and it was him that Rumi sent to seek Shams Tabrizi after the disappearance of Shams.
Sultan Walad married the daughter of Salah al-Din Zarkub, Fatima Khatun. He had two daughters by her and one son (Jalal Ali-Din Arif). Sultan Walad at the insistence of his entourage, took up the succession which, at his father's death, he had declined in favour of Husam Al-Din.
With Sultan Walad, the Mawlawiya order starts in the true sense of the word, since he gathered the followers (Murids) of his father around himself and organized the order. He also erected a mausoleum for his Rumi, which also became the center of his order.
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Tage Lindbom
Tage Leonard Lindbom, who later in his life took the name Sidi Zayd, (24 October 1909, Malmö - 2001), PhD in Political science, who was early in his life the party theoretician and director of the archives of the Swedish Social Democratic Party 1938-1965, but later in his life he converted to Islam. He became a representative of the Traditional School and the Perennial philosophy. Lindbom has been called "the grand old man" of Swedish conservativism and is the author of more than 20 books on philosophy and religion. He was a contributor to the quarterly journal, Studies in Comparative Religion, which dealt with religious symbolism and the Traditionalist perspective.
Since the early 1960s Lindbom was a disciple of the Swiss metaphysician Frithjof Schuon, who is the foremost representative of sapiential esoterism in the modern world. Lindbom had an inner group of spiritual students in Sweden and is the author of the first esoteric commentary on the Koran in Swedish, entitled Encounter with the Koran.
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Timothy Winter
Timothy John "Tim" Winter (born 1960), also known as Abdal Hakim Murad, is a British Sufi Muslim researcher, writer and teacher. His profile and work have attracted media coverage both in the Muslim World and the West. Conversant in both traditional Islamic scholarship and Western thought and civilization,[citation needed] Winter has made contributions on many Islamic topics.
Born in 1960, Winter was educated at Westminster School, and graduated with a double-first in Arabic from Pembroke College at the University of Cambridge in 1983.
He then studied and taught traditional Islamic sciences at the Al-Azhar University in Egypt for several years, and spent several more in Jeddah, where he administered a commercial translation office and maintained close contact with Shaykh Habib Ahmad Mashhur al-Haddad. In 1989, he returned to England and spent two years at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London where he concentrated on Turkish and Persian.
Winter is currently the Shaykh Zayed Lecturer of Islamic Studies in the Faculty of Divinity at Cambridge University, Director of Studies in Theology at Wolfson College, and a doctoral student at Oxford University, where he is studying the relationship between the government and Sufi brotherhoods in the Ottoman Empire.[citation needed] Winter is also the secretary of the Muslim Academic Trust (London), Director of the Anglo-Muslim Fellowship for Eastern Europe, President of the UK Friends of Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Director of the Sunna Project, which has published scholarly Arabic editions of the major Sunni Hadith collections.[citation needed]
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Titus Burckhardt
Titus Burckhardt (Ibrahim Izz al-Din after his Islamic name), a German Swiss, was born in Florence, Italy in 1908 and died in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1984. He devoted all his life to the study and exposition of the different aspects of Wisdom and Tradition.
He was an eminent member of the "traditionalist school" of twentieth-century authors. He was a frequent contributor to the journal Studies in Comparative Religion along with other prominent members of the school.
Burckhardt was the scion of a patrician family of Basel. He was the great-nephew of the art-historian Jacob Burckhardt and the son of the sculptor Carl Burckhardt. Titus Burckhardt was a contemporary of Frithjof Schuon – leading exponent of traditionalist thought in the twentieth century – and the two spent their early school days together in Basle around the time of the First World War. This was the beginning of an intimate friendship and harmonious intellectual and spiritual relationship that was to last a lifetime.
Burckhardt was, as his grandfather, a connoisseur of Islamic art, architecture and civilisation. He compiled and published work from the Sufi masters: Ibn Arabi (1165–1240), Abd-al-karim Jili (1365–1424) and Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi (1760–1823).
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William Chittick
William C. Chittick is a leading translator and interpreter of classical Islamic philosophical and mystical texts. He is best known for his groundbreaking work on Rumi and Ibn 'Arabi, and has written extensively on the school of Ibn 'Arabi, Islamic philosophy, Shi'ism, and Islamic cosmology.
Born in Milford Connecticut, Chittick finished his BA at the College of Wooster in Ohio, and then went on to complete a PhD in Persian literature at Tehran University under the supervision of Seyyed Hossein Nasr in 1974. He taught comparative religion at Tehran's Aryamehr Technical University and left Iran before the revolution. Chittick is currently Professor of Asian and Asian American Studies at Stony Brook University.
Below is a list of Chittick's main books, translations, and edited volumes:
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Yusuf Hamdani
Hadrat Abu Yaqub Yusuf Hamdani (died 1140) is the first of the group of Central Asian Sufi teachers known simply as Khwajagan (the Masters) of the Naqshbandi order.
Born in Buzanjird near Hamadan in 440 H., he moved from Hamadan to Baghdad when he was eighteen years of age. He studied the Shafi'i school of fiqh under the supervision of the master of his time, Shaykh Ibrahim ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Fairuzabadi. He kept association in Baghdad with the great scholar, Abu Ishaq ash-Shirazi, who gave him greater deference than to any of his other students although he was the youngest.
According to Ibn Khallikan, he began his religious career with the cultivation of the religious sciences, becoming both a respected scholar of hadith and fiqh and a popular preacher in Baghdad. He was so brilliant a jurisprudent that he became the Marja of his time for all scholars in that field. He was known in Baghdad, the center of Islamic knowledge, in Isfahan, Bukhara, Samarqand, Khwarazm, and throughout Central Asia.
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Zahed Gilani
The mystic Taj Al-Din Ebrahim ibn Rushan Amir Al-Kurdi Al-Sanjani (or Sinjani) (1216–1301) (Arabic: تاج الدين ابراهيم الكردي السنجاني), titled Sheikh Zahed (or Zahid) Gilani, was Grandmaster (Murshid Kamil) of the famed Zahediyeh Sufi Order at Lahijan. He was of Kurdish descent.
Since the mid 13th century, Sheikh Zahed is revered as a spiritual authority and his tomb near Lahijan in Iran's Gilan Province, on the shores of the Caspian Sea, draws numerous pilgrims to the picturesque village of Sheikhanvar. His ancestors hailed from the ancient Iranian city of Sanjan in Khorasan (located in present day Turkmenistan). Fleeing the Seljuq invasion that would eventually conquer large parts of Persia, his ancestors settled in Gilan in the late 11th century. Sheikh Taj Al-Din Zahed Gilani was able to attain cultural and religious influence on the Ilkhanid rulers (1256–1353), descendants of Genghis Khan, who followed Seljuq rule.
The Sheikh's most notable disciple was Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334), the Eponym of the Safavid Dynasty (1501–1736). He wed Sheikh Zahed's daughter Bibi Fatima and, overgoing the interest of Shaikh Taj Al-Din Zahed's firstborn son, Gamal Al-Din Ali, was entrusted with the Grand Master's Zahediyeh Sufi Order, which he transformed into his own, the Safaviyya (Sufi order) Order. Some 170 years after Sheikh Safi Al-Din's death, Safaviyya had gained sufficient political and military power to claim the Throne of (Northern) Iran for the Safavid Heir, Shah Ismail I Safavi. The Sheikh's second-born son, Sadr al-Dīn, wed Sheikh Safi Al-Din's daughter from a previous marriage. The two families were to be intertwined for many centuries to come, by blood as well as mutual spiritual causes.
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Zaheen Shah Taji
Taj-ul-Muhibbeen wal Mahboobeen Hazrat Ba Ba Muhammad Tuaseen commonly renowned as Hazrat Zaheen Shah Taji Farooqui (Urdu: ذہین شاہ تاجی) (RA) (born 1902 Jaipur, British India - died 23 July 1978 Karachi, Pakistan) was one of the greatest sufi saints of sub-continent as well as an Urdu poet, philosopher and scholar of high repute. [1]
With his pen name Zaheen he wrote many Ghazals in Urdu language while he knew Persian, Arabic, English and Hindi languages as well. He was in direct lineage from Syedna Umer Farooq and was adapted in Chishtia order of sufism in which his ancestors earned Faiz from Hazrat Syed Muhammad Moinuddin Chishti Ajmeri (RA). His Murshid was Hazrat Yusuf Shah Taji who was disciple of Hazrat Tajuddin Baba of Nagpur (RA). [2]
-Edited by Muhammad Sohail Iftikhar-
Hazrat Zaheen Shah Taji translated two important works of Ibn Arabi Fusus-ul-Hukm and Fatuhat al-Makiyyah and also translated Al-Hallaj's Kitab-ut-Tawaseen in Urdu amongst many other books in Urdu and Persian the most prominent being the Taj-ul-Auliya (biography of Ba Ba Tajuddin Nagpuri (RA). [3] Prominent scholars who used to attend his gatherings were Maulana Mahir-ul-Qadri, Prof. A. B. A. Haleem, Prof. Karrar Hussain, Maulana Kausar Niazi, Hasrat Kasganjvi, Ilyas Ishqui, Abul Khair Kashfi, Josh Malihabadi, Rais Amrohvi and Syed Muhammad Taqi etc. [4]
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Miracles at Dargah Syed Ahmed Shah Bukhari
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:35
- Updated: 24 Aug 2010
Miracles captured at Dargah Syed Ahmed Shah Bukhari situated at Chohar Pur (6 Kilo Meter distance from Larkana on the root of Naudero indus high way )
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Miracles captured at Dargah Syed Ahmed Shah Bukhari situated at Chohar Pur (6 Kilo Meter distance from Larkana on the root of Naudero indus high way )
Going to Dargah [Rule of Ibaadah in Shari'ah] - Abdur Raheem Green
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
MuslimFaith.wordpress.com Some People go to Dargah and Tombs, and What should be the height of Grave and What is the thumb rule of Worship in Islam? by Abdur Raheem Green.
http://wn.com/Going_to_Dargah_Rule_of_Ibaadah_in_Shari'ah_Abdur_Raheem_Green
MuslimFaith.wordpress.com Some People go to Dargah and Tombs, and What should be the height of Grave and What is the thumb rule of Worship in Islam? by Abdur Raheem Green.
- published: 05 May 2010
- views: 4130
- author: DanishRiyaz
Dargah Sharif of Hazrat Khwaja Moinuddin Chishty RA, Ajmer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
video showing Dargah Sharif of Sufi Saint Hazrat Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chishty RA in Ajmer Sharif,India.
http://wn.com/Dargah_Sharif_of_Hazrat_Khwaja_Moinuddin_Chishty_RA,_Ajmer
video showing Dargah Sharif of Sufi Saint Hazrat Khwaja Moinuddin Hasan Chishty RA in Ajmer Sharif,India.
- published: 26 Jan 2007
- views: 62057
- author: azizchishty
Ajmer Sharif Dargah -- A Shrine for All
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
Despite all attempts of extremist forces, the Dargah of Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti in Ajmer stands firm as the symbol of secular India.
http://wn.com/Ajmer_Sharif_Dargah_-_A_Shrine_for_All
Despite all attempts of extremist forces, the Dargah of Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti in Ajmer stands firm as the symbol of secular India.
- published: 31 Oct 2010
- views: 43134
- author: newsxlive
Cute Qawwal at Haji Ali Dargah ( Azmat Hussain of L'il Champs 2011)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
Whenever I visit Haji Ali Dargah, I witness some soothing and excellent Qawaalis performed by locals and people visitng from different parts of india, this time there were boys from Chandigarh (they were also seen in X Factor India auditions). This little boy appeared form the crowd wiht his uncle who wanted to sing this wonderful qawwali.. He was just too cute ( This kid is now competing in Saregamapa l'il champs 2011)
http://wn.com/Cute_Qawwal_at_Haji_Ali_Dargah_Azmat_Hussain_of_L'il_Champs_2011
Whenever I visit Haji Ali Dargah, I witness some soothing and excellent Qawaalis performed by locals and people visitng from different parts of india, this time there were boys from Chandigarh (they were also seen in X Factor India auditions). This little boy appeared form the crowd wiht his uncle who wanted to sing this wonderful qawwali.. He was just too cute ( This kid is now competing in Saregamapa l'il champs 2011)
- published: 04 Jun 2011
- views: 325571
- author: rattle9
Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya Dargah LiveIndia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:33
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
www.liveindia.com - Live The shrine of the Muslim Sufi saint, Nizamuddin Chishti, who died in 1325 aged 92, is across the road from Humayun's tomb. Other tombs include the later grave of Jahanara, the daughter of Shan Jahan, Amir Khusru, a renowned Urdu poet, also has his tomb here as does Atgah Khan, a favourite of Humayun and his son Akbar
http://wn.com/Hazrat_Nizamuddin_Auliya_Dargah_LiveIndia
www.liveindia.com - Live The shrine of the Muslim Sufi saint, Nizamuddin Chishti, who died in 1325 aged 92, is across the road from Humayun's tomb. Other tombs include the later grave of Jahanara, the daughter of Shan Jahan, Amir Khusru, a renowned Urdu poet, also has his tomb here as does Atgah Khan, a favourite of Humayun and his son Akbar
- published: 30 Mar 2012
- views: 4761
- author: liveindiadotcom
7 Wonders of India: Nizamuddin Dargah
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Updated: 19 Dec 2012
Located opposite Lodhi Hotel in Delhi, the Nizamuddin Dargah consists of a square chamber surrounded by verandahs, which are pierced by arched openings, while its roof is surmounted by a dome pringing from an octagonal drum. The dome is ornamented by vertical stripes of black marble and is crowned by a lotus cresting. The area around the tomb is regarded as sacred, with the result that a large number of persons, including those from the royalty, lie buried here. Hazrat Khawaja Nizamuddin Auliya (1238-April 3, 1325) also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, was a famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order in South Asia. It is recognised as one of the most popular places of worship.
http://wn.com/7_Wonders_of_India_Nizamuddin_Dargah
Located opposite Lodhi Hotel in Delhi, the Nizamuddin Dargah consists of a square chamber surrounded by verandahs, which are pierced by arched openings, while its roof is surmounted by a dome pringing from an octagonal drum. The dome is ornamented by vertical stripes of black marble and is crowned by a lotus cresting. The area around the tomb is regarded as sacred, with the result that a large number of persons, including those from the royalty, lie buried here. Hazrat Khawaja Nizamuddin Auliya (1238-April 3, 1325) also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, was a famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order in South Asia. It is recognised as one of the most popular places of worship.
- published: 27 Jan 2009
- views: 18250
- author: 7wondersofindia
Haji Ali Dargah Mumbai Bombay Maharashtra
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 17 Dec 2012
Haji Ali is a famous mosque in Mumbai (Bombay). It was built in the year 1431 by a rich Muslim merchant Haji Ali. It is located on an island off the coast of Worli.
http://wn.com/Haji_Ali_Dargah_Mumbai_Bombay_Maharashtra
Haji Ali is a famous mosque in Mumbai (Bombay). It was built in the year 1431 by a rich Muslim merchant Haji Ali. It is located on an island off the coast of Worli.
- published: 21 Nov 2009
- views: 108752
- author: indiavideodotorg
Amitabh Bachchan visits Ajmer dargah
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
For the latest on Bollywood like zoOm on www.facebook.com & follow us on www.twitter.com and visit www.zoomtv.in Your one-stop-shop to lastest, hottest Bollywood news, gossip and gupshup.
http://wn.com/Amitabh_Bachchan_visits_Ajmer_dargah
For the latest on Bollywood like zoOm on www.facebook.com & follow us on www.twitter.com and visit www.zoomtv.in Your one-stop-shop to lastest, hottest Bollywood news, gossip and gupshup.
- published: 06 Jul 2011
- views: 15317
- author: ZoomDekho
Night Zikr at the Dargah of Inayat Khan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
Led by Allaudin Ottinger. Sorenne on flute; Allaudin and Ulu, frame drums. Another brief clip taken with my snapshot camera.
http://wn.com/Night_Zikr_at_the_Dargah_of_Inayat_Khan
Led by Allaudin Ottinger. Sorenne on flute; Allaudin and Ulu, frame drums. Another brief clip taken with my snapshot camera.
- published: 28 Feb 2007
- views: 3171
- author: ShaffeeHoward
Indian Temple - Prayers at Mahim Dargah - Mumbais Oldest Dargah - Famous Indian Shrines
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:01
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Take a tour of world famous Mahim Dargah with this video. Reported to be 350 years old the Mahim Dargah is dedicated to secular Sufi Saint Makhdoom Ali Mahimi. It is Mumbais oldest Dargah and devotees from different communities come here to seek the blessings of the Saint. It is the only Dargah to have a tomb. Besides the tomb of his mother the dargah also contains tombs of his maid servant and his pet goat. Subscribe to take the memorable Indian Temple Tours at www.youtube.com . Visit the ancient spiritual Indian temples and check out all tour videos here www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Indian_Temple_Prayers_at_Mahim_Dargah_Mumbais_Oldest_Dargah_Famous_Indian_Shrines
Take a tour of world famous Mahim Dargah with this video. Reported to be 350 years old the Mahim Dargah is dedicated to secular Sufi Saint Makhdoom Ali Mahimi. It is Mumbais oldest Dargah and devotees from different communities come here to seek the blessings of the Saint. It is the only Dargah to have a tomb. Besides the tomb of his mother the dargah also contains tombs of his maid servant and his pet goat. Subscribe to take the memorable Indian Temple Tours at www.youtube.com . Visit the ancient spiritual Indian temples and check out all tour videos here www.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jan 2012
- views: 3523
- author: TheDivineIndia
Amitabh Bachchan spotted at Ajmer dargah
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 11 Sep 2012
For the latest on Bollywood like zoOm on www.facebook.com & follow us on www.twitter.com and visit www.zoomtv.in Your one-stop-shop to lastest, hottest Bollywood news, gossip and gupshup.
http://wn.com/Amitabh_Bachchan_spotted_at_Ajmer_dargah
For the latest on Bollywood like zoOm on www.facebook.com & follow us on www.twitter.com and visit www.zoomtv.in Your one-stop-shop to lastest, hottest Bollywood news, gossip and gupshup.
- published: 06 Jul 2011
- views: 17434
- author: ZoomDekho
unnava unjha dargah - Family members Mira Datar Unjha And Dargah Interiors.DAT
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:07
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
unnava unjha dargah gamily members Mira Datar Unjha And Dargah Interiors hazri jinns aatma black magic sufi sunni mira datar unjha dargah after khidmat of sayed ali hazree at mamu hamza in unnava evil spirits laubhan magrib Mira Bazaar and Nagaada Unjha Datar Dargah "Sayed Ali" gujarat "black magic" spells curse envy any problems unava zeera aulia-e-hind.com garib nawaz meeran miran dattar islam mohammed rasool wali aulia allah
http://wn.com/unnava_unjha_dargah_Family_members_Mira_Datar_Unjha_And_Dargah_InteriorsDAT
unnava unjha dargah gamily members Mira Datar Unjha And Dargah Interiors hazri jinns aatma black magic sufi sunni mira datar unjha dargah after khidmat of sayed ali hazree at mamu hamza in unnava evil spirits laubhan magrib Mira Bazaar and Nagaada Unjha Datar Dargah "Sayed Ali" gujarat "black magic" spells curse envy any problems unava zeera aulia-e-hind.com garib nawaz meeran miran dattar islam mohammed rasool wali aulia allah
- published: 17 Dec 2009
- views: 4755
- author: Imran Shaikh
Kun Faya Kun Live at Nizamuddin Dargah.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:22
- Updated: 18 Dec 2012
Chand Nizami, Sohrab and Shadab Nizami (Also seen in Kun Faya Kun music video, Rockstar), performing AR Rahman's Kun Faya Kun on Jummerat at Nizamuddin Dargah, New Delhi. The Qawali sessions at Nizamuddin Dargah are enchanting and blissful. If you appreciate good music or are looking for a place to spend Thursday evening, try this.
http://wn.com/Kun_Faya_Kun_Live_at_Nizamuddin_Dargah
Chand Nizami, Sohrab and Shadab Nizami (Also seen in Kun Faya Kun music video, Rockstar), performing AR Rahman's Kun Faya Kun on Jummerat at Nizamuddin Dargah, New Delhi. The Qawali sessions at Nizamuddin Dargah are enchanting and blissful. If you appreciate good music or are looking for a place to spend Thursday evening, try this.
- published: 02 Feb 2012
- views: 3520
- author: Ankush Taneja
Mira Datar Dargah of Sayed Ali Unjha.DAT
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:27
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Exclusive videos of Hazrat Sayed Ali Mira datar, in Unnava, Unjha Gujarat, First time on internet uploaded by Hazrat Sayed Haji Jehangir, and Hazrat Sayed Mushir Ali www.sayedalimiradatar.com Courtesy : www.aulia-e-hind.com
http://wn.com/Mira_Datar_Dargah_of_Sayed_Ali_UnjhaDAT
Exclusive videos of Hazrat Sayed Ali Mira datar, in Unnava, Unjha Gujarat, First time on internet uploaded by Hazrat Sayed Haji Jehangir, and Hazrat Sayed Mushir Ali www.sayedalimiradatar.com Courtesy : www.aulia-e-hind.com
- published: 16 Dec 2009
- views: 21823
- author: Imran Shaikh
Yash-Aarti From Punar Vivah Meeting in Dargah
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
Punar Vivaah SBB Segment Yash and Aarti are at the dargah.Yash explains that his family generally go to dargah.
http://wn.com/Yash-Aarti_From_Punar_Vivah_Meeting_in_Dargah
Punar Vivaah SBB Segment Yash and Aarti are at the dargah.Yash explains that his family generally go to dargah.
- published: 17 Feb 2012
- views: 95215
- author: e24music
Nagore Dargah - Sufi Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Ya Kadhir Muradhu Haasil!
http://wn.com/Nagore_Dargah_Sufi_Song
Newswala : Burma, Myanmar Refugees at Balapur Dargah, Hyderabad, India.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:14
- Updated: 30 Nov 2012
Newswala : www.newswala.com Burma, Myanmar Refugees at Balapur Dargah, Hyderabad, India. Rayees Azam
http://wn.com/Newswala_Burma,_Myanmar_Refugees_at_Balapur_Dargah,_Hyderabad,_India
Newswala : www.newswala.com Burma, Myanmar Refugees at Balapur Dargah, Hyderabad, India. Rayees Azam
- published: 01 Aug 2012
- views: 6056
- author: TheNewswala
Hina Rabbani Khar offer prayers In Ajmer dargah sharif
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 16 Oct 2012
www.news24online.com : Pakistan's Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar offer prayers at the revered Sufi shrine of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer before flying back home
http://wn.com/Hina_Rabbani_Khar_offer_prayers_In_Ajmer_dargah_sharif
www.news24online.com : Pakistan's Foreign Minister Hina Rabbani Khar offer prayers at the revered Sufi shrine of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti in Ajmer before flying back home
- published: 28 Jul 2011
- views: 14969
- author: news20four
![Ziarat e Dargah Hazrat Sabir Pak[ RA], Kaliyar Sharif](http://web.archive.org./web/20121227205603im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/e-IWghXhCBI/default.jpg "Ziarat e Dargah Hazrat Sabir Pak[ RA], Kaliyar Sharif")
Ziarat e Dargah Hazrat Sabir Pak[ RA], Kaliyar Sharif
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:12
- Updated: 16 Dec 2012
Ziarat e Dargah Hazrat Sabir Pak[ RA], Kaliyar Sharif
http://wn.com/Ziarat_e_Dargah_Hazrat_Sabir_Pak_RA_,_Kaliyar_Sharif
Ziarat e Dargah Hazrat Sabir Pak[ RA], Kaliyar Sharif
- published: 23 Jul 2011
- views: 111983
- author: abuhafsa2008
SHAKSHI DHONI VISITS AJMER DARGAH
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:50
- Updated: 26 Nov 2011
CSK and India captain MS Dhoni's wife, Sakshi, visited the Ajmer dargah on Monday looking for some divine intervention. Sakshi was accompanied by Poorna Patel -- an IPL official and daughter of cabinet minister Praful Patel.
http://wn.com/SHAKSHI_DHONI_VISITS_AJMER_DARGAH
CSK and India captain MS Dhoni's wife, Sakshi, visited the Ajmer dargah on Monday looking for some divine intervention. Sakshi was accompanied by Poorna Patel -- an IPL official and daughter of cabinet minister Praful Patel.
- published: 09 May 2011
- views: 13968
- author: cvbnews
Scorpions At Dargah Of Hazrat Shahvilayat, Amroha India
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Updated: 13 Dec 2012
scorpions don sting at this dargah
http://wn.com/Scorpions_At_Dargah_Of_Hazrat_Shahvilayat,_Amroha_India
www garibnawaz co uk KHWAJA MOINUDDIN CHISHTY, DARGAH SHARIF, MOINUDDIN CHISHTI, QAWWALI, AJMER SHARIF, CONTACT AJMER, MOINUDDIN CHISHTY Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 14 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/www_garibnawaz_co_uk_KHWAJA_MOINUDDIN_CHISHTY,_DARGAH_SHARIF,_MOINUDDIN_CHISHTI,_QAWWALI,_AJMER_SHARIF,_CONTACT_AJMER,_MOINUDDIN_CHISHTY_Part_2
photo: Creative Commons / Axou
24 Dec 2012
Steve Jobs was controversial in life, and now his high-tech mega-yacht is associated with a controversy long after his death. The former Apple CEO's ship was impounded in Amsterdam in the middle of a financial battle over a disputed bill. Phillippe Starck, a French product designer and architect, has alleged that Jobs' heirs owe him 3 million euros for his work on Venus, the 256-foot yacht Jobs commissioned before his death ... ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
photo: AP / Adel Hana
25 Dec 2012
Thousands of Christians from the world over have packed Manger Square in Bethlehem to celebrate the birth of Jesus in the ancient West Bank town where he was born. For their Palestinian hosts, this holiday season was an especially joyous one, with the hardships of the Israeli occupation that so often clouded previous Christmas Eve celebrations eased by the United Nations' recent recognition of an independent state of Palestine ... - AP. ....(size: 9.3Kb)
Indian Express
27 Dec 2012
On the political front, both Congress and BJP witnessed some infighting but were able to ride over the crises ... However, Gehlot succeeded in regaining their confidence ... Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari paid obeisance at the Ajmer dargah of Khawaja Moinuddin Chisti and announced USD one million for the shrine, but the payment was delayed ... contd. PAGE. 1234 . Single Page Format ....(size: 1.7Kb)
Headlines India
27 Dec 2012
Hyderabad, Dec 27. A city court today sent Tejram Parmar, a key accused in 2007 Mecca Masjid blast case, to judicial custody for 14 days ... Amit is still absconding ... According to NIA, the trio along with the main accused Swami Aseemanand and others are involved in blasts on Samjhauta Express, Ajmer Dargah, Mecca Masjid, Malegaon and other places ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
The Times of India
27 Dec 2012
Book title. The Wildings. Author. Nilanjana Roy. Illustrations by. Prabha Mallya. Publisher. Aleph Book Company. Pages. 351 ... Somewhere in the alleys of Delhi's Nizamuddin locality, resides a clique of cats ... Significant themes ... There's Hulo, which means a stumpy, male cat in Bengali, Beraal, which means a suave, feminine cat, Miao, again a quintessential cat name, and Qawwalli, explicable for a cat that belongs to the Nizamuddin dargah environs....(size: 4.9Kb)
The Siasat Daily
26 Dec 2012
December 25.. Arrangements for 161st Urs celebration of Hazrath Syed Afzal Biyabani in Kazipet are being made under the supervision of Maulana Syed Ghulam Afzal Biyabani, Chairman, of AP State Wakf Board. The Urs celebrations will start with the sandal ritual on 9th January. Mr. Bakhtiyar Biyabani, Mr. Darvesh Biyabani, and Mr ... S ... Arrangements are being made to repair roads and street lights from Fatima Nagar to Dargah Shareef....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Hindu
26 Dec 2012
Rajendra Chaudhary alias Samandar, who was arrested last week from Ujjain district of Madhya Pradesh, had allegedly planted explosives aboard the Samjhauta Express ... Prof ... The investigators believe that the loosely-held module, comprising fringe elements of right-wing extremism, was also behind the blasts in Ajmer’s Dargah Sharif, the Mecca Masjid and the Samjhauta Express that provides a much sought-after rail link to Pakistan....(size: 3.3Kb)
The Times of India
25 Dec 2012
On May 4, the anti-corruption bureau (ACB laid a trap and arrested contract toNazeem Shaikh (34) and Farookh Shakur (45) of Sayyed Ali Miran Datar Dargah Trust at Reay Road for allegedly trying to bribe Sardal. The duo had offered the police inspector Rs 20,000 to falsely implicate trustees of the dargah in theft cases ... In return, Shaikh had to pay a royalty to the dargah trust....(size: 2.0Kb)
Indian Express
25 Dec 2012
Choudhary, who is currently in NIA custody, has reportedly told investigators that he along with Ajmer dargah and Mecca Masjid bombings accused Lokesh Sharma shot at Geelani on February 8, 2005 in Delhis Vasant Vihar, where Geelani had gone to meet his lawyer. The Delhi University teacher had suffered serious injuries ... My family was harassed ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
The Siasat Daily
25 Dec 2012
Hyderabad, December 25.. A.P. State Wakf Board in principle agreed to allot ten acres of land for the construction of a new Hajj House near International Airport in Hyderabad. It was decided in the meeting of Wakf Board held under the chairmanship of Maulana Syed Ghulam Afzal Biyabani. It was resolved to intimate the Govt ... This land belongs to Dargah Hazrath Baba Sharfuddin ... ---Siasat News. Recommend Twitter....(size: 2.4Kb)
The Times of India
25 Dec 2012
HYDERABAD ... At this point of time, it is too early to disclose the organisation's name. These persons are active members of the organisation's Indore unit ... Rajender is currently in the custody of NIA and the agency's investigators have been grilling him about his handlers besides finding out about those involved in the larger conspiracy, since blasts on Samjautha Express, Ajmer Dargah, Mecca Masjid and a few other places are interlinked....(size: 2.5Kb)
Deccan Herald
24 Dec 2012
Over 2000 police personnel deployed to prevent untoward incidents. The District administration has made all preparations for the smooth conduct of three-day Datta Jayanthi celebrations, at Guru Dattatreya Bababudangiri Dargah, in Chikmagalur from Tuesday ... The rituals include offering flowers to Datta Paduke, lighting the lamp, breaking coconuts and distribution of prasadam ... Decked-up ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
The Times of India
24 Dec 2012
HYDERABAD ... According to sources, the delay is because one wing of the GHMC finalised the tenders before other wings could carry out the land acquisition or prepare road development plans. Consider this ... The road widening was planned for 100ft but was later revised to 80ft ... In some cases, like Serilingampally (South) circle on the Dargah junction to OU Colony road widening work was awarded to a contractor a couple of years ago ... ....(size: 2.0Kb)
Deccan Herald
23 Dec 2012
Along the way, the politicians are said have offered pooja at the Kurudumale Ganesha temple and the Anjaneya Dargah in Mulbagal. ....(size: 0.9Kb)
The Times of India
23 Dec 2012
NEW DELHI. Sunny Chauhan, an engineering student from Maninagar, told TOI that he and his friends had appealed to people on social networking sites to join their demonstration. "We got an overwhelming response from the youth ... At Ajmer's dargah sharif, a special jumma namaz was offered for the speedy recovery of the victim ... ....(size: 1.7Kb)
A Dargah (Persian: درگاه dargâh or درگه dargah) is a Sufi Islamic shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish. Local Muslims may visit a shrine as a form of pilgrimage known as ziyarat. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (madrassas), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes.
The term dargah is derived from a Persian word which can mean, among other uses, "portal" or "threshold". Some Sufi and other Muslims believe that dargahs are portals by which they can invoke the deceased saint's intercession and blessing (as per tawassul). Still others hold a less supernatural view of dargahs, and simply visit as a means of paying their respects to deceased pious individuals or to pray at the sites for perceived spiritual benefits.
Over time, musical offerings of dervishes and sheikhs in the presence of the devout at these shrines, usually impromptu or on the occasion of Urs, gave rise to musical genres like Qawwali and Kafi, wherein Sufi poetry is accompanied by music and sung as an offering to a murshid, a type of Sufi spiritual instructor. Today they have become a popular form of music and entertainment throughout South Asia, with exponents like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Abida Parveen taking their music to various parts of the world.[1][2]
Contents |
Dargahs throughout the world[link]
Sufi shrines are found in many Muslim communities throughout the world, and are called by many names. The term dargah is common in the Persian-influenced Islamic world, notably Iran and South Asia.
In South Africa, the term is used to describe shrines in the Durban area where there is a strong Indian presence, while the term keramat is more commonly used in Cape Town, where there is a strong Cape Malay culture.
In South Asia, dargahs are often the site of festivals (Milad) held in honor of the deceased saint at the date of his Urs, which is a day dedicated to the saint which usually falls on the saint's death anniversary. The shrine is illuminated with candles or strings of electric lights at this time.
In China, the term gongbei is usually used for shrine complexes centered around a Sufi saint's tomb.
Gallery[link]
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Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki's dargah, Mehrauli, Delhi
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Dargah of Moinuddin Chishti, www.dargahsharif.co.cc Ajmer
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Nizamuddin Dargah of Nizamuddin Auliya and adjoining Jamaat Khana Masjid, Delhi
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Tomb of Salim Chisti, at Fatehpur Sikri, near Agra.
See also[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sufi mausoleums |
References[link]
- ^ Kafi South Asian folklore: an encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, by Peter J. Claus, Sarah Diamond, Margaret Ann Mills. Taylor & Francis, 2003. ISBN 0-415-93919-4. p. 317.
- ^ Kafi Crossing boundaries, by Geeti Sen. Orient Blackswan, 1998. ISBN 8125013415. p. 133.
http://wn.com/Dargah
Related pages:
http://hi.wn.com/दरगाह
http://it.wn.com/Dargah
http://pl.wn.com/Dargah
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dargah
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Syed Ahmed (disambiguation).
| Syed Ahmed | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Native name | সৈয়দ আহমেদ |
| Born | (1974-09-17) 17 September 1974 (age 37) Sylhet, Bangladesh |
| Residence | Royal Victoria Dock, London, United Kingdom |
| Nationality | British |
| Ethnicity | Bengali |
| Alma mater | Sir John Cass Redcoat School, Hammersmith College |
| Occupation | Businessman |
| Known for | Candidate on The Apprentice |
| Religion | Islam |
| Website | |
| www.syed-ahmed.com | |
Syed Ahmed (Bengali: সৈয়দ আহমেদ; born 17 September 1974) is a British entrepreneur, businessman and television personality of Bangladeshi origin.[1] He is the founder and CEO of the British design and manufacturing hand dryer company SAVortex. He is best known for his 2006 appearance in the second UK series of the BBC reality television show The Apprentice.
Contents |
Background[link]
Ahmed was born in Sylhet, Bangladesh.[2][3] When he was nine months old,[4] he moved with his parents to England and was brought up in East London[5][6] in a devout Muslim family.[7] He attended the Sir John Cass Redcoat School in Stepney from the age of 11 to 17 achieving 7 GCSEs. He then attended the Hammersmith College, where he achieved a BTEC in Business and Finance. He later managed restaurants, including the Titanic, part of the White Starline Group, owned by Marco Pierre White.[2][8] He was in the Air Training Corps and dreamed of becoming an RAF pilot but decided to go into business instead.[9]
Ahmed is currently the CEO of SAVortex, which specialises in high-speed, energy efficient hand dryers.[10] Ahmed's development of the SAVortex technology was shown in an hour-long documentary, Hot Air, broadcast on Sky. Ahmed initially financed the business himself.[11] Ahmed was a director of the IT recruitment consultancy firm IT People until May 2006, and a director of Magenta Partnerships Limited from June 2006 until February 2007.
He has made speeches to the young business enterprise community,[12][13] and the more general enterprise community in Britain.[14]
[edit] The Apprentice
Further information: The Apprentice (UK series two)
Ahmed appeared as a candidate in series two of The Apprentice, a British reality television show hosted by Lord Alan Sugar. The series was broadcast from February to May 2006. On the show Ahmed was a member of the "Invicta" team. He was a notable candidate on the show.
One of his quotes on the show was a, £100,000 salary is not enough but it's a good place to start."[15]
Post Apprentice[link]
Ahmed appeared on Sky News as a paper reviewer – reviewing current and forthcoming newspapers in a celebrity panel. He also has appeared on interviews, at BBC Breakfast with candidate Jo Cameron on the BBC,[16] and also at GMTV on ITV.[17] He appeared on Sky One's program called The Match, where 80 celebrities take part to win a place in a celebrity football squad.[18] Ahmed again appeared on another Sky One show, called Cirque de Celebrité (from October 2006), featuring celebrity circus acts, and he was voted off in the second week. He subsequently returned as a guest judge.[19]
A Sky One documentary (from June 2007) called, Syed Ahmed - Hot Air?, featured Ahmed attempting to launch a new company which specialised in hand and body dryers, with £20,000 of his own money, to develop in three months.[20][21][22] The program followed the launch of the SA Vortex's hand dryer products.[23]
In December 2010, Ahmed was a host at the Spice times Restaurant Awards in Essex Romford.[24]
Charity work[link]
In 2008, Ahmed organised and led a race in support of a breast cancer charity.[25] He also sends money to families and charities located in Bangladesh.[4] Ahmed was one of the four contestants with Secret Millionaires, who attended the Geared for Giving campaign to help promote the Workplace Giving, on May 2009.[26] Ahmed also took part in a charity relay to raise money for children in Gaza. Gaza100, was held on 24 May 2009 in Mile End Park, east London, attracting over 1,500 people, which included also Apprentice candidates, Ghazal Asif and Tre Azam.[27]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Monkey goes to the National TV Awards". London: Guardian. 2006-11-01. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/nov/01/mediamonkey. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ a b Ian Wylie (2006-02-08). "Sugar begins hunt for new Apprentice". Manchester Evening News. http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/entertainment/film_and_tv/s/203/203701_sugar_begins_hunt_for_new_apprentice.html. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
- ^ "Media troubling Apprentice stars". BBC News (BBC). 2006-08-21. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/5270904.stm. Retrieved 2009-05-01.
- ^ a b Ali Hussain (2006-08-21). "Apprentice star gets a taste for the high life (Page 1)". London: The Sunday Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/related_reports/article1265205.ece?token=null&offset=0&page=1. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
- ^ "Yes, Ahm so happy". London: The Sun. 2006-07-22. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article56816.ece. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ Tamara Zaman (2008-10-16). "British Bangladeshis who have made a mark". New Age Xtra. http://www.newagebd.com/2008/oct/10/oct10/xtra_inner4.html. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ Michelle Dewberry (2007-02-19). "My love for Syed tore me apart". London: The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-436491/My-love-Syed-tore-apart.html. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ "The Apprentice series two meets the boys". BBC (Press Office). 2006-07-02. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2006/02_february/07/apprentice_boys.shtml. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
- ^ Natalie Clarke (2006-08-11). "Yes we're Apprentice parents". London: The Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-400186/Yes-Apprentice-parents.html. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ "Syed Ahmed, Chief Executive Officer". SA Vortex. http://www.savortex.com/pdfs/syed_ahmed_ceo.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-02. [dead link]
- ^ Nick Levine (2006-02-18). "Syed Ahmed". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/realitytv/a61323/syed-ahmed.html. Retrieved 2008-10-16.
- ^ "Report on Isle of Wight Young Chamber Conference 2006". Young Chamber. 2006. http://www.youngchamber.com/CaseStudy-detail.asp?csid=14. Retrieved 2009-05-01. [dead link]
- ^ "University of Oxford Special: Oxford University’s Trading Places". MCC. 2008-04-28. http://www.tuduloo.co.uk/mcc/mcc4.html. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ Dan Storey (2008-09-08). "Syed Ahmed". Herts Connections. http://www.youngchamber.com/CaseStudy-detail.asp?csid=14. Retrieved 2009-05-02. [dead link]
- ^ Haigh, Gerald (2008). Inspirational, and Cautionary Tales for Would-be School Leaders: Tales for Would-be School Leaders. Routledge. pp. 138.
- ^ BBC Breakfast (2006-05-10). "You're fired...". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/4755687.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ "Apprentice star 'protecting' Michelle from media". Evening Standard (London). 2006-08-21. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-23363969-details/Apprentice+star+'protecting'+Michelle+from+media/article.do. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ "Badger's big idea lands her a TV show". London: The Daily Mail. 2006-08-16. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-400859/Badgers-big-idea-lands-TV-show.html. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ "Best and worst of The Apprentice - Syed Ahmed". Virgin Media. http://www.virginmedia.com/tvradio/galleries/realitytv/apprentice2008/best-worst-candidates.php?ssid=2. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ Leigh Holmwood (2007-04-26). "Syed pays for body warmer". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/tv/reality_tv/26569/Syed-pays-for-body-warmer.html. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
- ^ Lucy Mangan (2007-06-20). "Last night's TV: Syed Ahmed - Hot Air?". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/tvandradioblog/2007/jun/20/lastnightstvsyedahmedhot. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
- ^ "Syed Ahmed - Hot Air". Twofour Broadcast. http://www.twofourbroadcast.com/syed-ahmed.asp. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
- ^ Louise Snell. "Syed Ahmed - Hot Air". Asian Business Federation. http://www.abfed.co.uk/index.asp?p=News-And-Events&s=News-And-Events-Archive&a=45. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
- ^ Spice Times Press Release. "Syed Ahmed Host". Spice Times Publishing Ltd. http://www.spicetimes.co.uk/spice-times-awards-press-release/. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
- ^ "Sir Alan Sugar's Apprentices Line Up For The 2008 Standard Chartered Great City Race In Aid Of Breakthrough Breast Cancer". Standard Chartered. 2008-07-08. http://static.cityrace.co.uk/pdfs/apprentice.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-02.
- ^ "Apprentices and Secret Millionaires get Geared for Giving". Geared For Giving. 2009-05-06. http://www.gearedforgiving.com/campaign-news/apprentices-and-secret-millionaires-get-geared-for-giving/. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ "Charity relay sets world record". BBC News (BBC). 2009-05-24. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8065753.stm. Retrieved 2009-06-07.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ahmed, Syed |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Businessman |
| Date of birth | 17 September 1974 |
| Place of birth | Sylhet, Bangladesh |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Syed_Ahmed
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syed_Ahmed
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Nizamuddin Auliya | |
|---|---|
 Nizamuddin Auliya with Three Attendants |
|
| Religion | Islam, specifically the Chisti order of Sufism |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1238 Badayun, Uttar Pradesh |
| Died | 3 April 1325 Delhi |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | Delhi |
| Title | (محبوبِ الٰہی) (سُلطان المشائخ) Sultan-ul-Mashaikh, Mehboob-e-Ilahi, Khalifa |
| Period in office | Late 13th century and early 14th century |
| Predecessor | Fariduddin Ganjshakar |
| Successor | Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi |
Sultan-ul-Mashaikh, Mehboob-e-Ilahi, Hazrat Shaikh Khwaja Syed Muhammad Nizamuddin Auliya (1238 - 3 April 1325) (Urdu: حضرت شیخ خواجہ سیّد محمد نظام الدّین اولیاء), also known as Hazrat Nizamuddin, was a famous Sufi saint of the Chishti Order in the Indian Subcontinent, an order that believed in drawing close to God through renunciation of the world and service to humanity. He is one of the great saints of the Chishti order in India.[1] His predecessors were Moinuddin Chishti, Bakhtiyar Kaki and Fariduddin Ganjshakar. In that sequence, they constitute the initial spiritual chain or silsila of the Chisti order, which is widely prevalent in India and Pakistan.
Nizamuddin Auliya, like his predecessors, stressed upon the element of love as a means of realisation of God. For him his love of God implied a love of humanity. His vision of the world was marked by a highly evolved sense of secularity and kindness.[2] It is claimed by the 14th century historiographer Ziauddin Barani that his influence on the Muslims of Delhi was such that a paradigm shift was effected in their outlook towards worldly matters. People began to be inclined towards mysticism and prayers and remaining aloof from the world.[3]
Contents
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Life[link]
Nizamuddin Auliya was born in Badayun, Uttar Pradesh (east of Delhi). At the age of five, after the death of his father, Ahmad Badayuni, he came to Delhi with his mother, Bibi Zulekha.[4] His biography finds mention in Ain-i-Akbari, a 16th century document written by Mughal Emperor Akbar’s vizier, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.[5]
At the age of twenty, Nizāmuddīn went to Ajodhan (the present Pakpattan Sharif in Pakistan) and became a disciple of the Sufi saint Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakkar, commonly known as Baba Farid. Nizāmuddīn did not take up residence in Ajodhan but continued with his theological studies in Delhi while simultaneously starting the Sufi devotional practices and the prescribed litanies. He visited Ajodhan each year to spend the month of Ramadan in the presence of Baba Farid. It was on his third visit to Ajodhan that Baba Farid made him his successor. Shortly after that, when Nizāmuddīn returned to Delhi, he received news that Baba Farid had expired.
Nizāmuddīn lived at various places in Delhi, before finally settling down in Ghiyaspur, a neighborhood in Delhi undisturbed by the noise and hustle of city life. He built his Khanqah here, a place where people from all walks of life were fed, where he imparted spiritual education to others and he had his own quarters. Before long, the khanqah became a place thronged with all kinds of people, rich and poor alike.
Many of his disciples achieved spiritual height, including Shaikh Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Delhi,[6] and Amir Khusro,[5] noted scholar/musician, and the royal poet of the Delhi Sultanate.
He died on the morning of 3 April 1325. His shrine, the Nizāmuddīn Dergāh is located in Delhi,[7] and the present structure was built in 1562. The shrine is visited by people of all faiths, through the year, though it becomes a place for special congregation during the death anniversaries, or 'Urs, of Nizāmuddīn Auliyā' and Amīr Khusro,[4] who is also buried at the Nizāmuddīn Dargāh.
Key beliefs[link]
Besides believing in the traditional Sufi ideas of embracing God within this life (as opposed to the idea that such partial merger with God is possible only after death), by destroying the ego and cleansing the soul, and that this is possible through considerable efforts involving Sufi practices, Nizamuddin also expanded and practised the unique features introduced by past saints of the Chisti Sufi order in India. These included:
- Emphasis on renunciation and having complete trust in God.
- The unity of mankind and shunning distinctions based on social, economic, religious status.
- Helping the needy, feeding the hungry and being sympathetic to the oppressed.
- Strong disapproval of mixing with the Sultans, the princes and the nobles.
- Exhortation in making close contact with the poor and the downtrodden
- Adopting an uncompromising attitude towards all forms of political and social oppression.
- A bold stance in favour of Sema, which some considered unislamic. Perhaps this was with the view that this was in consonance with the role of music in some modes of Hindu worship, could serve as a basis of contact with local people and would facilitate mutual adjustments between the two communities.[8] In fact Qawwali, a form of devotional music, was originally created by one his most cherished disciples: Amir Khusro.
Nizamuddin did not much bother about the theoretical aspects of Sufism, believing rather that it were the practical aspects that counted, as it was anyway not possible to describe the diversified mystical experiences called spiritual states or stations which a practicing Sufi encountered. He discouraged the demonstration of Keramat and emphasized that it was obligatory for the Auliya (which roughly means the friends of God) to hide the ability of Keramat from the commoners. He also was quite generous in accepting disciples. Usually whoever came to him saying that he wanted to become a disciple was granted that favour. This resulted in him being always surrounded by people from all strata of society.
Ancestral history[link]
The eldest son of 'Alī al-Naqī was Ḥasan al-'Askarī and the other son was Ja'far Bukhārī. After the death of 'Ali al-Naqi, Hasan al-Askari became the accepted Imām of both Shī'ah and Sunnī Muslims. Ḥasan al-'Askarī was killed at the age of 28. He had one son, Muḥammad al-Mahdī, who, at the age of five after the death of his father, disappeared from public view. That was in the time of the 'Abbāsid Caliphs. Knowing about the killings of all the Imāms and family members of the descendants of Muḥammad, Ja'far Bukhārī migrated to Bukhara in Uzbekistan[citation needed]. After a few generations, one of his descendants called 'Alī, known as Dāniyāl, the grandfather of Nizāmuddīn Auliyā', migrated to the city of Badāyūn in Uttar Pradesh, India.
Ancestral lineage[link]
- Muḥammad
- 'Alī bin Abī Ṭālib
- Husayn bin 'Alī
- 'Alī bin al-Husayn Zayn-ul'Ābidīn
- Muḥammad al-Bāqir
- Ja'far al-Ṣādiq
- Mūsā al-Kāḍhim
- 'Alī al-Riḍā
- Muḥammad al-Taqī
- 'Alī al-Naqī
- Ja'far Bukhārī
- 'Alī Aṣghar Bukhārī
- Abī 'Abdullāh Bukhārī
- Aḥmad Bukhārī
- 'Alī Bukhārī
- Husayn Bukhārī
- 'Abdullāh Bukhārī
- 'Alī, known as Dāniyāl
- Aḥmad Badāyūnī
- Nizāmuddīn Auliyā'
Spiritual history[link]
He was merely sixteen or seventeen years old when he first heard the name of Farīduddīn Ganjshakar, and feelings of love and respect arose in his heart right then. He narrates to his disciples that he never felt the same after hearing or even meeting any other sufi. The love kept increasing like a burning fire. If his classmates would like to have some work out of him they used to invoke the name of Bābā Farīd, and he never refused anything asked in his name. He didn't feel the same for anyone else in his entire lifetime. He became his disciple after completing his studies at the age of 20. He visited him thrice in his lifetime.
Spiritual lineage[link]
- Islamic Prophet Muḥammad
- 'Alī bin Abī Ṭālib
- al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī
- 'Abdul Wāḥid Bin Zaid Abul Faḍl
- Fuḍail Bin 'Iyyādh Bin Mas'ūd Bin Bishr al-Tamīmī
- Ibrāhīm bin Adham
- Hudhaifah al-Mar'ashī
- Abu Hubairah Basri
- Mumshad 'Uluw al-Dinawarī
Start of the Chishti Order:
- Abū Isḥāq al-Shāmī
- Abū Aḥmad Abdāl
- Abū Muḥammad bin Abī Aḥmad
- Abū Yūsuf bin Sāmān
- Maudūd Chishtī
- Sharīf Zandānī
- Usmān al-Hārūnī
- Mu'īnuddīn Chishtī
- Quṭbuddīn Bakhtiyār Kākī
- Farīduddīn Mas'ūd
- Nizāmuddīn Auliyā'
His students[link]
He had more than 600 khalifas (a khalifa is a disciple who is given the authority to take his own disciples and thus propagate the spiritual lineage) who continued his lineage all over the world. Some of his most famous disciples are:
Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi[link]
He was the spiritual successor of Nizamuddin Auliya. He is considered fifth amongst the big five of the Chisti order in India (the others being Moinuddin Chishti, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Nizamuddin Auliya in that order). His shrine is in Chirag Dilli, New Delhi, India.
Amīr Khusro[link]
He was the most loved disciple of his master. He was so close to his master that once Nizāmuddīn Auliyā' said, "If sharī'ah allows me I would like him to be buried with me in the same grave."[citation needed] He also said that whoever comes to visit his grave must visit the grave of Amīr Khusro first and then his. He died within a few months of his master's death. He was buried at the feet of his master. His shrine is in Nizāmuddīn Dargāh, New Delhi.
Aqi Seraj[link]
He was given the title of Ā'inah-e-Hind (Mirror of India) by Nizāmuddīn Auliyā' and lived with him for a long time. He was amongst the earliest disciples of Nizāmuddīn Auliyā', who sent him to Bengal. His shrine is in Gaur, West Bengal.
Burhanuddin Gharib[link]
He is also amongst the earliest disciples of Nizamuddin Auliya and lived with the master until his last breath. After the death of Nizamuddin Auliya, he went to the Deccan, and the place where he lived became famous thereby. His shrine is in Khuldabad in Maharashtra.
Jalaluddin Bhandari[link]
He is also amongst the earliest disciples of Nizamuddin Auliya. He ran the Langar khana of Nizamuddin Auliya. After the death of Nizamuddin Auliya, he went to the Deccan with Burhanuddin Gharib, and became famous by the name of Bhandari. His shrine is in Fatehabad in the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra.
Syed Mahmood Kashkinakar[link]
He holds a very special position in Islamic mysticism. He is believed to be alive in the invisible world even after his death in the visible world. There are miracles in the literature of the Chisti order which are attributed to this.
Ajan Fakir[link]
Syed Ahmed Badepaa[link]
His tomb is in First Lancer (Part of Hyderabad Now). On the order of his Peer, he left everything in Delhi and moved to the Deccan to propagate Deen Islam along with the famous Syed Burhanuddin.
Quotations[link]
- The wilayat (domain) of gnosis and faith can suffer decay. The wilayat of compassion can not.
- The love of Auliya (saints) is stronger than their reason.
- The lock of spiritual perfection has very many keys. All those keys are to be possessed. If one does not open it, others can.
- He who has knowledge, reason, and love, is deserving to become a caliph of the Sufi sheikhs.
- So long as is possible, give relief to your heart, because the heart of a good Muslim is the palace of the manifestations of Allah.
His descendants[link]
Nizamuddin Auliya did not marry. However he had one brother named Jamaluddin. He told him, "your descendants will be my descendants". Jamaluddin had one son named Ibrahim. He was nurtured by Nizamuddin Auliya after Jamaluddin's death. Nizamuddin Auliya sent his nephew to Bengal in Eastern India along with one of his most famous disciples (khalifa) Aqi Seraj, famously known as Aaina-e-Hind. Ala-ul-Haq Pandwi (the master (Pir) of Maqdoom Ashraf Jehangir Simnani), one of the most famous Sufis of the Chisti order, became his disciple and khalifa. Ala-ul-Haq Pandwi married his sister-in-law to Ibrahim. They had one son, who was the most famous Chisti Sufi of Bihar, known as Fariduddin Tavaela Bukhsh. He was married to the daughter of Ala-ul-Haq Pandwi. He became the khalifa of Hazrat Noor Qutb-e-Aalam Padwi (the eldest son and spiritual successor of Ala-ul-Haq Pandwi). His shrine is one of the most famous shrines in Chandpura, Bihar Sharif, Bihar. Many of his descendants are very famous Sufis, namely Moinuddin Sani, Naseeruddin Sani, Sultan Chisti Nizami, Bahauddin Chisti Nizami, Deewan Syed Shah Abdul Wahab (his shrine is in Choti Takiya, Biharsharif), Sultan Sani, Amjad Hussain Chisti Nizami, among others. He spread Chisti Nizami order all over Northern India. Ijaza of his Silsila (order) is present in all the existing khanqahs of Bihar. His descendants still reside in Biharsharif and can be found in many parts of the world. However, those still looking after Nizamuddin Auliya's shrine in Delhi are the descendants of his sister's son.
The Chisti Nizami order[link]
Main article: Chishti Order
Nizamuddin Auliya was the founder of the Chisti Nizami order. He had hundreds of disciples (khalifa) who had Ijaza (khilafat) from him to spread the order. Many of the sufis of the Chisti Nizami order are recognised as great sufis; the following is a list of notable sufis of the Chisti Nizami order, which includes his descendants as well as his disciples:
Muhammad Hussaini Gisudaraz Bandanawaz, Gulbarga (near Hyderabad), Karnataka; Ala-ul-Haq Pandwi & Noor Qutb-e-Alam Pandwi, Pandua, West Bengal; Makhdoom Ashraf Jahangir Simnani, Kachaocha, Uttar Pradesh; Faqruddin Faqr Dehlvi, Mehrauli, New Delhi; Shah Niyaz Ahmad Barelvi, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh; Shafruddin Ali Ahmed & Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, Chirag Dilli, New Delhi; Zainuddin Shirazi, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh; Muhiuddin Yousuf Yahya Madani Chishti, Medina; Kaleemullah Dehlvi Chishti, Delhi; Nizamuddin Aurangabadi; Nizamuddin Hussain, and Meerza Agha Mohammad; Muhammad Sulman Taunswi, Pakistan, Mohammad Meera Hussaini, Hesamuddin Mankpuri.
Famous Branches[link]
Nizamuddin Auliya was an unparalleled sufi of his time amongst all the existing sufi orders of that time. Many of his contemporaries were doubtless very powerful spiritual leaders, but he was the most famous of all. In his career of approximately 70 years as a sufi he saw the reign of seven rulers of the Delhi sultanate. The kings were very loyal to him and respectful of him. When he first arrived as the Qutb of Delhi he settled down at a lonely place on the outskirts of Delhi, Ghyaspur. But he became so famous that Ghyaspur became the main hub of Delhi and so densely populated that he wanted to leave that place but did not. He was buried in the campus of his khanqah. Ghyaspur is now a central locality of New Delhi, and is known after his name Nizamuddin. The area is so vast that it is divided into four parts: Nizamuddin Dargah (where his shrine is situated), Nizamuddin East, Nizamuddin West and Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station.
The branches[link]
The Chisti order branched out with Nizamuddin Auliya to form the Chisti Nizami order. A parallel branch which started with Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari, another disciple of Baba Farid, was the Chisti Sabiri branch. People started adding Nizami gracefully after their name. He spiritually made many great sufis amongst his students, descendants and the sufis of the Nizami order.
The branches of the Chisti Nizami order are as follows:
Naseeria[link]
His disciple Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Dehli started the Nizamia Naseeria branch.
Hussainia[link]
The Hussainia branch is named for Muhammad Hussaini Gisudaraz Bandanawaz. He was the most famous and loved disciple of Nasiruddin Muhammad Chirag-e-Dehli. The khanqah he established in Gulbarga, Karnataka is still in existence.
Niyazia[link]
Shah Niyaz Ahmad Barelvi, in the 19th century started the Niyazia branch.
Serajia[link]
The Nizamia Serajia branch was started by Serajuddin Aqi Seraj. This branch is also known as Chistia Serajia.
Ashrafia[link]
The Chistia Ashrafia branch was started by Ashraf Jahangir Semnani, the most famous sufi saint of Uttar Pradesh. He established a khanqah, still in existence at Kachaucha, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Faridia[link]
The Chistia Serajia Faridia order was started by Fariduddin Tavaelabukhsh, a descendant of Nizamuddin Auliya and a sufi of the Serajia branch of the Chisti order. This branch is also known as Nizamia Serajia Faridia.
King's disrespect leads to his own doom[link]
One of the kings of the Delhi sultanate during Nizamuddin Auliya lifetime was Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah, the last ruler of the Khilji dynasty. Legend has it that disrespect of Nizamuddin Auliya caused the king's death. Qutb-ud-din Mubarak Shah used to assemble all the leading figures and famous personalities of Delhi in his court every weekend. Once a courtier complained to him that Nizamuudin Auliya never came to the court. The King declared, "Order him in my name to come to my weekend gathering, else he will be hanged." When Nizamuddin Auliya's disciple, Amir Khusrau, related this to his master, he ignored the message, and did not even answer. As the weekend approached, his disciples became concerned for his life. On the day before the weekend, Nizamuddin Auliya went to the grave of his mother and came back looking unperturbed, telling his disciples to go home and sleep as usual. The next morning, everyone was very tense and worried, but Nizamuddin Auliya remained unperturbed. Shortly, news came that there had been a rebellion in the palace, and the king had been brutally killed.
Titles given to Nizamuddin Aulia[link]
- Mehboob-e-elahi (Beloved of God)
- Sultan-ul-Mashaiq
- Dastageer-e-Do Jahan (Holder of Two Worlds)
- Jag Ujyare
- Qutb-e-Dehli (Tower of Dehli)
Urs[link]
The Urs (death anniversary) of Nizamuddin Auliya is celebrated at the Nizamuddin Dargah on the 17th of Rabi II (Rabi-ul-Aaqir), and that of Amir Khusro on the 18th of Shawwal.
In popular culture[link]
Arziyan, a qawwali in the film Delhi 6 (2009) composed by A. R. Rahman is dedicated to Nizamuddin Auliya. Kun Faya Kun a song in the movie Rockstar (2011) is also dedicated to him, and was shot at the dargah.
Further reading[link]
- The Life and Times of Shaikh Nizam-u'd-din Auliya, by Khaliq Ahmad Nizami; Idarah-i Adabyat-i Delli, 1991.
- Nizam Ad-Din Awliya: Morals for the Heart, by Bruce B. Lawrence; 1991, Paulist Press. ISBN 0-8091-3280-X.
- Khwajah Nizamuddin Auliya, by Abdurrahman Mumin; Qazi Publishers and Distributors, 1998, ISBN 81-85362-59-9.
- Sheikh Nizamuddin Auliya, by Khaliq Ahmad Nizami; National Book Trust, 2004, ISBN 81-237-4148-0.
- The Dargah of Nizamuddin Auliya, by Laxmi Dhaul; Pallee, Anoop Kamath, Rupa & Co., 2006. ISBN 81-291-0938-7.
- Fawa'id al-Fu'ad : Spiritual and Literary Discourses of Shaikh Nizamuddin Awliya. Originally Compiled by Amir Hasan 'Ala' Sijzi Dehlawi. English translation with introduction and historical annotation by Ziya-ul-Hasan Faruqi. New Delhi, D.K. Printworld, 1996, 495 p., $50. ISBN 81-246-0042-2.
See also[link]
- Ali Hujwiri
- Amir Khusrau
- Ata Hussain Fani Chishti
- Fariduddin Ganjshakar
- Khwaja Bande Nawaz
- Moinuddin Chishti
- Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi
- Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki
- Shah Niyaz Ahmad Barelvi
- Sufi Saints of Aurangabad
- Zar Zari Zar Baksh
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References[link]
- ^ Bhakti poetry in medieval India By Neeti M. Sadarangani. Pg 60
- ^ Bhakti poetry in medieval India By Neeti M. Sadarangani. Pg 63
- ^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 348. ISBN 0-8078-1271-4.
- ^ a b Nizamuddin Auliya
- ^ a b Nizamuddin Auliya Ain-i-Akbari, by Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak. English tr. by H. Blochmann and Colonel H. S. Jarrett, 1873–1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 365."
- ^ In The Name Of Faith Times of India, April 19, 2007.
- ^ Nizamuddin Dargah - Location Wikimapia.
- ^ Faruqi, Zia ul Hasan (1996). Fawa'id Al-Fu'ad--Spiritual and Literary Discourses of Shaikh Nizammuddin Awliya. South Asia Books. ISBN 81-246-0042-2.
External links[link]
- A website about Nizamuddin Aulia
- The Life of Nizamuddin Auliya
- Nizamuddin Aulia at Moinuddin Chishti website
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Auliya, Nizamuddin |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1238 |
| Place of birth | Badayun, Uttar Pradesh |
| Date of death | 3 April 1325 |
| Place of death | Delhi |
http://wn.com/Nizamuddin_Auliya
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Низамуддин Аулия
http://fr.wn.com/Nizamuddin Auliya
http://hi.wn.com/हजरत निजामुद्दीन (संत)
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"Bachchan" redirects here. For other uses, see Bachchan (disambiguation).
| Amitabh Bachchan | |
|---|---|
 Amitabh Bachchan in 2009 |
|
| Born | Amitabh Harivansh Bachchan (1942-10-11) 11 October 1942 (age 69) Allahabad, United Provinces, British India |
| Residence | Prateeksha, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India |
| Occupation | Actor, producer, singer, television presenter |
| Years active | 1969–present |
| Spouse | Jaya Bhaduri (1973–present) |
| Children |
|
| Website | |
| bigb.bigadda.com | |
Amitabh Bachchan ([əmɪtaːbʱ bəttʃən] ( listen), born Amitabh Harivansh Bachchan on 11 October 1942) is an Indian film actor. He first gained popularity in the early 1970s as the "angry young man" of Hindi cinema, and has since appeared in over 180 Indian films in a career spanning more than four decades.[1][2] Bachchan is regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema.[3][4][5]
Bachchan has won numerous major awards in his career, including three National Film Awards as Best Actor, and fourteen Filmfare Awards. He is the most-nominated performer in any major acting category at Filmfare, with 37 nominations overall. In addition to acting, Bachchan has worked as a playback singer, film producer and television presenter. He also had a stint in politics in the 1980s. He has received both the Padma Shri and the Padma Bhushan civilian awards from the Indian government.
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Early life[link]
See also: Bachchan family
Bachban was born in Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. His father, Harivansh Rai Bachchan, was a Hindi poet, and his mother, Teji Bachchan, was a Sikh from Faisalabad (now in Pakistan).[6] Bachchan was initially named Inquilaab, inspired from the famous phrase Inquilab Zindabad, during the Indian independence struggle. However, at the suggestion of fellow poet Sumitranandan Pant, Harivansh Rai changed the name to Amitabh which means, "the light that would never go off." Though his surname was Shrivastava, his father had adopted the pen-name Bachchan (meaning child-like in colloquial Hindi), under which he published all his works. It is with this last name that Amitabh debuted in films, and, for all public purposes, it has become the surname of all members of his family. Bachchan's father died in 2003, and his mother in 2007.[7]
Amitabh is the eldest of Harivansh Rai Bachchan's two sons, the second being Ajitabh. His mother had a keen interest in theatre and had been offered a role in a film, but preferred her domestic duties. She had some degree of influence in Bachchan's choice of career because she always insisted that he should take the centre stage.[8] He attended Allahabad's Jnana Prabodhini and Boys' High School (BHS), followed by Nainital's Sherwood College, where he majored in the art stream.[citation needed] He later went on to study at Kirori Mal College of the University of Delhi and completed a Bachelor of Science degree.[citation needed] In his twenties, Bachchan gave up a job as freight broker for the shipping firm, Bird and Co., based in Calcutta now known as Kolkata, to pursue a career in acting.[citation needed]
Career[link]
Early work: 1969–1972[link]
Bachchan made his film debut in 1969 as a voice narrator in Mrinal Sen's National Award winning film Bhuvan Shome. Thereafter he got his first acting role as one of the seven protagonists in Saat Hindustani, a film directed by Khwaja Ahmad Abbas and featuring Utpal Dutt, Madhu and Jalal Agha. Though the film was not a financial success, Bachchan won his first National Film Award for Best Newcomer.[9]
Anand (1971) followed, where he starred alongside Rajesh Khanna. Bachchan's role as a doctor with a cynical view of life garned him his first Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award. He then played his first negative role as an infatuated lover-turned-murderer in Parwaana (1971). This was followed by several films including Reshma Aur Shera (1971). During this time, he made a guest appearance in the film Guddi which starred his future wife Jaya Bhaduri. He narrated part of the film Bawarchi. In 1972, he made an appearance in the road action comedy Bombay to Goa, directed by S. Ramanathan. Many of his films during this early period did not do well, but that was about to change.[10]
Rise to stardom: 1973–1983[link]
Director Prakash Mehra cast him in the leading role for the film Zanjeer (1973) as Inspector Vijay Khanna. The film was a sharp contrast to the romantically themed films that had generally preceded it and established Amitabh in a new persona—the "angry young man" of Bollywood cinema.[2] He earned a Filmfare nomination for Best Actor. Filmfare considers this one of the iconic performances of Bollywood history.[10] The year 1973 was also when he married Jaya, and around this time they appeared in several films together; not only in Zanjeer but in films such as Abhimaan which followed and was released only a month after their marriage. Later, Bachchan played the role of Vikram in the film Namak Haraam, a social drama directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and scripted by Biresh Chatterjee addressing themes of friendship. His supporting role won him his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award.[citation needed]
File:Bachchan in Deewar.jpg
Bachchan in Deewar.
In 1974, Bachchan made several guest appearances in films such as Kunwara Baap and Dost, before playing a supporting role in Roti Kapda Aur Makaan. The film, directed and written by Manoj Kumar, addressed themes of honesty in the face of oppression and financial and emotional hardship. Bachchan then played the leading role in film Majboor, released on 6 December 1974, which was a remake of the Hollywood film Zigzag. The film was only a moderate success at the box office.[11] In 1975, he starred in a variety of film genres from the comedy Chupke Chupke, the crime drama Faraar to the romantic drama Mili. 1975 was the year when he appeared in two films which are regarded as important in Hindi cinematic history. He starred in the Yash Chopra directed film Deewaar, opposite Shashi Kapoor, Nirupa Roy, and Neetu Singh, which earned him a Filmfare Nomination for Best Actor. The film became a major hit at the box office in 1975, ranking in at number 4.[12] Indiatimes Movies ranks Deewaar amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films.[13] Released on 15 August 1975 was Sholay (meaning flames), which became the highest grossing film of all time in India, earning INR 2,36,45,00,000 equivalent to US$ 60 million, after adjusting for inflation.[14] Bachchan played the role of Jaidev. In 1999, BBC India declared it the "Film of the Millennium" and like Deewar, has been cited by Indiatimes movies as amongst the Top 25 Must See Bollywood Films.[13] In that same year, the judges of the 50th annual Filmfare Awards awarded it with the special distinction award called Filmfare Best Film of 50 Years.
Bachchan starred in comedies such as Chupke Chupke (1975) and Amar Akbar Anthony (1977) and in films such as Kabhie Kabhie (1976). In 1976, he was once again cast by director Yash Chopra in his second film, Kabhi Kabhie, a romantic tale in which Bachchan starred as a young poet named Amit Malhotra who falls deeply in love with a beautiful young girl named Pooja played by actress Rakhee Gulzar. The film saw him again nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award. In 1977, he won his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in Amar Akbar Anthony where he played the third lead opposite Vinod Khanna and Rishi Kapoor as Anthony Gonsalves. In 1978 he starred in all four of the highest grossing films of India in that year.[15] He once again resumed double roles in films such as Kasme Vaade as Amit and Shankar and Don playing the characters of Don, a leader of an underworld gang and his look alike Vijay. His performance won him his second Filmfare Best Actor Award. He also performed in Trishul and Muqaddar Ka Sikandar which both earned him further Filmfare Best Actor nominations. He was billed a "one-man industry" by the French director François Truffaut.[16]
In 1979, for the first time, Amitabh was required to use his singing voice for the film Mr. Natwarlal in which he starred alongside Rekha. His performance in the film saw him nominated for both the Filmfare Best Actor Award and the Filmfare Best Male Playback Awards. In 1979, he also received Best Actor nomination for Kaala Patthar (1979) and then went on to be nominated again in 1980 for the Raj Khosla directed film Dostana, in which he starred opposite Shatrughan Sinha and Zeenat Aman. Dostana proved to be the top grossing film of 1980.[17] In 1981, he starred in Yash Chopra's melodrama film Silsila, where he starred alongside his wife Jaya and rumoured lover Rekha. Other films of this period include Ram Balram (1980), Shaan (1980), Lawaaris (1981), and Shakti (1982) which pitted him against legendary actor Dilip Kumar.[18]
[edit] 1982 injury while filming Coolie
On 26 July 1982, while filming Coolie in the University Campus in Bangalore, Bachchan suffered a near fatal intestinal injury during the filming of a fight scene with co-actor Puneet Issar.[19] Bachchan was performing his own stunts in the film and one scene required him to fall onto a table and then on the ground. However as he jumped towards the table, the corner of the table struck his abdomen, resulting in a splenic rupture from which he lost a significant amount of blood. He required an emergency splenectomy and remained critically ill in hospital for many months, at times close to death. The public response included prayers in temples and offers to sacrifice limbs to save him, while later, there were long queues of well-wishing fans outside the hospital where he was recuperating.[20] Nevertheless, he spent many months recovering and resumed filming later that year after a long period of recuperation. The film was released in 1983, and partly due to the huge publicity of Bachchan's accident, the film was a box office success.[21]
The director, Manmohan Desai, altered the ending of Coolie after Bachchan's accident. Bachchan's character was originally intended to have been killed off but after the change of script, the character lived in the end. It would have been inappropriate, said Desai, for the man who had just fended off death in real life to be killed on screen. Also, in the released film the footage of the fight scene is frozen at the critical moment, and a caption appears onscreen marking this as the instant of the actor's injury and the ensuing publicity of the accident.[20]
Later, he was diagnosed with Myasthenia gravis. His illness made him feel weak both mentally and physically and he decided to quit films and venture into politics. At this time he became pessimistic, expressing concern with how a new film would be received and stated before every release, "Yeh film to flop hogi!" ("This film will flop").[22]
Politics: 1984–87[link]
In 1984, Bachchan took a break from acting and briefly entered politics in support of long-time family friend, Rajiv Gandhi. He contested Allahabad's seat of 8th Lok Sabha against H. N. Bahuguna, former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh and won by one of the highest victory margins in general election history (68.2% of the vote).[23] His political career, however, was short-lived: he resigned after three years, calling politics a cesspool. The resignation followed the implication of Bachchan and his brother in the "Bofors scandal" by a newspaper, which he vowed to take to court. Bachchan was eventually found not guilty of involvement in the ordeal.[24]
His old friend, Amar Singh, helped him during a financial crisis due to the failure of his company ABCL. Therefore Bachchan started to support Amar Singh's political party, the Samajwadi party. Jaya Bachchan joined the Samajwadi Party and became a Rajya Sabha member.[25] Bachchan has continued to do favors for the Samajwadi party, including advertisements and political campaigns. These activities have recently gotten him into trouble again in the Indian courts for false claims after a previous incident of submission of legal papers by him, stating that he is a farmer.[26]
A 15 year press ban against Bachchan was imposed during his peak acting years by Stardust and some of the other film magazines. In his own defense, Bachchan claimed to have banned the press from entering his sets until late 1989.[27]
Slump and retirement: 1988–1992[link]
In 1988, Bachchan returned to films, playing the title role in Shahenshah, which was a box office success due to the hype of Bachchan's comeback.[28] After the success of his comeback film however, his star power began to wane as all of his subsequent films failed at the box office. The 1991 hit film, Hum, for which he won his third Filmfare Best Actor Award, looked like it might reverse this trend, but the momentum was short-lived as his string of box office failures continued. Notably, despite the lack of hits, it was during this period that Bachchan won his first National Film Award for Best Actor, for his performance as a Mafia don in the 1990 film Agneepath. These years would be the last he would be seen on screen for some time. After the release of Khuda Gawah in 1992, Bachchan went into semi-retirement for five years. In 1994, one of his delayed films Insaniyat was released but was also a box office failure.[29]
Producer and acting comeback 1996–99[link]
Bachchan turned producer during his temporary retirement period, setting up Amitabh Bachchan Corporation, Ltd. (A.B.C.L.) in 1996, with the vision of becoming a 10 billion rupees (approx 250 million $US) premier entertainment company by the year 2000. ABCL's strategy was to introduce products and services covering the entire section of the India's entertainment industry. Its operations were mainstream commercial film production and distribution, audio cassettes and video discs, production and marketing of television software, celebrity and event management. Soon after the company was launched in 1996, the first film was produced by the company. Tere Mere Sapne failed to do well at the box office but launched the careers of actors such as Arshad Warsi and South films star Simran. ABCL produced a few other films, none of which did well.
In 1997, Bachchan attempted to make his acting comeback with the film Mrityudata, produced by ABCL. Though Mrityudaata attempted to reprise Bachchan's earlier success as an action hero, the film was a failure both financially and critically. ABCL was the main sponsor of the 1996 Miss World beauty pageant, Bangalore but lost millions. The fiasco and the consequent legal battles surrounding ABCL and various entities after the event, coupled with the fact that ABCL was reported to have overpaid most of its top level managers, eventually led to its financial and operational collapse in 1997. The company went into administration and was later declared a failed company by Indian Industries board. The Bombay high court, in April 1999, restrained Bachchan from selling off his Bombay bungalow 'Prateeksha' and two flats till the pending loan recovery cases of Canara Bank were disposed of. Bachchan had, however, pleaded that he had mortgaged his bungalow to Sahara India Finance for raising funds for his company.[30]
Bachchan attempted to revive his acting career and had average success with Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998),[29] and received positive reviews for Sooryavansham (1999)[31] but other films such as Lal Baadshah (1999) and Hindustan Ki Kasam (1999) were box office failures.
Return to prominence: 2000–present[link]
In 2000, Amitabh Bachchan appeared in Yash Chopra's box-office hit, Mohabbatein, directed by Aditya Chopra. He played a stern, older figure that rivalled the character of Shahrukh Khan. His role won him his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award. Other hits followed, with Bachchan appearing as an older family patriarch in Ek Rishtaa: The Bond of Love (2001), Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001) and Baghban (2003). As an actor, he continued to perform in a range of characters, receiving critical praise for his performances in Aks (2001), Aankhen (2002), Khakee (2004) and Dev (2004). One project that did particularly well for Bachchan was Sanjay Leela Bhansali's Black (2005). The film starred Bachchan as an aging teacher of a deaf-blind girl and followed their relationship. His performance was unanimously praised by critics and audiences and won him his second National Film Award for Best Actor and fourth Filmfare Best Actor Award. Taking advantage of this resurgence, Amitabh began endorsing a variety of products and services, appearing in many television and billboard advertisements. In 2005 and 2006, he starred with his son Abhishek in the hit films Bunty Aur Babli (2005), the Godfather tribute Sarkar (2005), and Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna (2006). All of them were successful at the box office.[32][33] His later releases in 2006 and early 2007 were Baabul (2006),[34] Ekalavya and Nishabd (2007), which failed to do well at the box office but his performances in each of them were praised by critics.[35]
In May 2007, two of his films Cheeni Kum and the multi-starrer Shootout at Lokhandwala were released. Shootout at Lokhandwala did very well at the box office and was declared a hit in India, while Cheeni Kum picked up after a slow start and only had average success.[36] A remake of his biggest hit, Sholay (1975), entitled Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag, released in August of that same year and proved to be a major commercial failure in addition to its poor critical reception.[36] The year also marked Bachchan's first appearance in an English-language film, Rituparno Ghosh's The Last Lear. The film premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival on 9 September 2007. He received positive reviews from critics who hailed his performance as his best ever since Black.[37] Bachchan was slated to play a supporting role in his first international film, Shantaram, directed by Mira Nair and starring Hollywood actor Johnny Depp in the lead. The film was due to begin filming in February 2008 but due to the writer's strike, was pushed to September 2008.[38] The film is currently "shelved" indefinitely.[39] Vivek Sharma's Bhoothnath, in which he plays the title role as a ghost, was released on 9 May 2008. Sarkar Raj, the sequel of the 2005 film Sarkar, released in June 2008 and received a positive response at the box-office. Paa, which released at the end of 2009 was a highly anticipated project as it saw him playing his own son Abhishek's Progeria-affected 13-year-old son, and it opened to favourable reviews, particularly towards Bachchan's performance. It won him his third National Film Award for Best Actor and fifth Filmfare Best Actor Award. In 2010, he debuted in Malayalam film through Kandahar, directed by Major Ravi and co-starring Mohanlal.[40] The film was based on the hijacking incident of the Indian Airlines Flight 814.[41] Bachchan did not receive any remuneration for this film.[42]
Television career[link]
In the year 2000, Bachchan stepped up to host India's adaptation of the British television game show, Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? entitled, Kaun Banega Crorepati. As it did in most other countries where it was adopted, the program found immediate success. He has hosted all but one of the seasons of the show. Canara Bank withdrew its law suit against Bachchan in November 2000. Bachchan hosted KBC till November 2005, when he fell ill. At that time he was admitted to Lilavati Hospital's ICU once more, to undergo surgery for diverticulitis of the small intestine.[43] During the period and that following his recovery, most of his projects were put on hold, including KBC.[44] He has hosted all but one season of the show. Its success set the stage for his return to film popularity. In 2009 Oscar winning movie Slumdog Millionaire in the first question of Who Wants to be a Millionaire? contest "Amitabh Bachchan" was the correct answer to the question "Who was the star of Zanjeer? Feroz Abbas Khan performed as Amitabh Bachchan in a scene in the movie while Anil Kapoor performed as the host of the contest. Bachchan hosted the third season of the reality show Bigg Boss in 2009.[45]
Voice[link]
Bachchan is known for his deep, baritone voice. He has been a narrator, a playback singer and presenter for numerous programmes.[citation needed] Renowned film director Satyajit Ray was so impressed with Bachchan's voice, that he decided to use his voice as commentary in Shatranj Ke Khilari since he could not find a suitable role for him.[46] In 2005, Bachchan has lent his voice to the Oscar-winning French documentary March of the Penguins, directed by Luc Jacquet.[47]
Controversies and criticism[link]
Barabanki land case[link]
In the runup to the Uttar Pradesh state assembly elections, 2007, Bachchan made a film extolling the virtues of the Mulayam Singh government. His Samajwadi Party was routed, and Mayawati came to power.[citation needed]
On 2 June 2007 a Faizabad court ruled that he had legally acquired agricultural land designated specifically for landless Dalit farmers.[48] It was speculated that he might be investigated on related charges of forgery, as he has allegedly claimed he was a farmer.[49] On 19 July 2007, after the scandal broke out, Bachchan surrendered the land acquired in Barabanki in Uttar Pradesh and Pune. He wrote to the chief minister of Maharashtra, Vilasrao Deshmukh, to donate the lands that were allegedly acquired illegally in Pune.[50] However, the Lucknow Court has put a stay on the land donation and said that the status quo on the land be maintained.
On 12 October 2007, Bachchan abandoned his claim in respect of the land at Daulatpur village in Barabanki district.[51] On 11 December 2007, the Lucknow bench of the Allahabad High Court gave a clean chit to Bachchan in a case pertaining to alleged fraudulent allotment of government land to him in Barabanki district. A single Lucknow bench of Justice said there was no finding that the actor "himself committed any fraud or manipulated any surreptitious entry in the revenue records".[52][53]
After receiving a positive verdict in Barabanki case, Amitabh Bachchan intimated to Maharashtra government that he did not wish to surrender his land in Maval tehsil of Pune district.[54]
Raj Thackeray's criticism[link]
Main article: 2008 attacks on North Indians in Maharashtra
In January 2008 at political rallies, Raj Thackeray, the chief of Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, targeted Amitabh Bachchan, asserting that the actor was "more inclined" towards his native state than Maharashtra. He expressed his disapproval of Amitabh's inaugurating a girls' school named after his daughter-in-law, actress Aishwarya Rai Bachchan, at Barabanki in Uttar Pradesh, rather than in Maharashtra.[55] According to media reports, Raj's censure of Amitabh, whom he admires, stemmed out of his disappointment of not being invited to Amitabh's son Abhishek's marriage to Aishwarya, despite invitations to his estranged uncle Bal and cousin Uddhav.[56][57]
Responding to Raj's accusations, the actor's wife, SP MP Jaya Bachchan, said that the Bachchans were willing to start a school in Mumbai, provided the MNS leader donated the land to build it. She told the media, "I heard that Raj Thackeray owns huge properties in Maharashtra, in Mumbai—Kohinoor Mills. If he is willing to donate land, we can start a school in the name of Aishwarya here."[58] Raj responded to it saying, "Jaya bachchan claims she does not know me then how come she knows how much property I own?". Amitabh abstained from commenting on the issue. However, he apologized to Raj for controversial remarks from Jaya in some other incidence. "[59]
Bal Thackeray refuted the allegations, stating, "Amitabh Bachchan is an open-minded person, he has great love for Maharashtra, and this is evident on many occasions. The actor has often said that Maharashtra and specially Mumbai has given him great fame and affection. He has also said that what he is today is because of the love people have given him.[citation needed] The people of Mumbai have always acknowledged him as an artiste.[citation needed] It was utter foolishness to make these parochial allegations against him. Amitabh is a global superstar. People all over the world respect him. This cannot be forgotten by anyone. Amitabh should ignore these silly accusations and concentrate on his acting."[60]
On 23 March 2008, more than a month and half after Raj's remarks, Amitabh finally spoke out in an interview to a local tabloid saying, "Random charges are random; they do not deserve the kind of attention you wish me to give."[61] Later, on 28 March at a press conference for the International Indian Film Academy, when asked what his take was on the anti-migrant issue, Amitabh said that it is one's fundamental right to live anywhere in the country and the constitution entitles so.[62] He also stated that he was not affected by Raj's comments.[63]
Awards, honours and recognitions[link]
Apart from National Film Awards, Filmfare Awards and other competitive awards which Bachchan won for his performances throughout the years, he has been awarded several honours for his achievements in the Indian film industry.[citation needed] In 1991, he became the first artist to receive the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award, which was established in the name of Raj Kapoor. Bachchan was crowned as Superstar of the Millennium in 2000 at the Filmfare Awards. The Government of India awarded him with the Padma Shri in 1984[64] and the Padma Bhushan in 2001.[65] France's highest civilian honour, the Knight of the Legion of Honour, was conferred upon him by the French Government in 2007 for his "exceptional career in the world of cinema and beyond".[66] In 2011, actor Dilip Kumar blogged that Black should have been nominated for an Oscar. Kumar added: "If any Indian actor, in my personal opinion, deserves the world's most coveted award, it is you."[67]
In 1999, Bachchan was voted the "greatest star of stage or screen" in a BBC Your Millenium online poll. The organisation noted that "Many people in the western world will not have heard of [him] ...[but it] is a reflection of the huge popularity of Indian films."[68] In 2001, he was honoured with the Actor of the Century award at the Alexandria International Film Festival in Egypt in recognition of his contribution to the world of cinema.[69] Many other honours for his achievements were conferred upon him at several International Film Festivals, including the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 Asian Film Awards.[70]
In June 2000, he became the first living Asian to have been immortalised in wax at London's Madame Tussauds Wax Museum.[71] Another statue was installed in New York [72] and Hong Kong in 2009.[73]
In 2003, he was conferred with the Honorary Citizenship of the French town of Deauville.[74] He was honoured with an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Jhansi, India, in 2004,[75] the University of Delhi in 2006,[76] the De Montfort University in Leicester, UK, in 2006,[77] the University Brandan Foster by the Leeds Metropolitan University in Yorkshire, UK, in 2007,[78] and the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, in 2011.[79]
Severals books have been written about Bachchan. Amitabh Bachchan: the Legend was published in 1999,[80] To be or not to be: Amitabh Bachchan in 2004,[81] AB: The Legend: (A Photographer's Tribute) in 2006 [82]/, Amitabh Bachchan: Ek Jeevit Kimvadanti in 2006,[83] Amitabh: The Making of a Superstar in 2006,[84] Looking for the Big B: Bollywood, Bachchan and Me in 2007 [85] and Bachchanalia in 2009.[86] Bachchan himself also wrote a book in 2002: Soul Curry for you and me – An Empowering Philosophy That Can Enrich Your Life.[87] In the early 80s, Bachchan authorized the use of his likeness for the comic book character Supremo in a series titled The Adventures of Amitabh Bachchan.[88]
Personal life[link]
See also: Bachchan family
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Bachchan is married to actress Jaya Bhaduri. They have two children, Shweta Nanda and Abhishek Bachchan. Abhishek is also an actor and is married to actress Aishwarya Rai.
Filmography[link]
Latest films[link]
Main article: Amitabh Bachchan filmography
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Family — Ties of Blood | Viren Sahi | |
| Darna Zaroori Hai | Professor | ||
| Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna | Samarjit Singh Talwar (aka. Sexy Sam) | Nominated, Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award | |
| Baabul | Balraj Kapoor | ||
| 2007 | Eklavya: The Royal Guard | Eklavya | |
| Nishabd | Vijay | ||
| Cheeni Kum | Buddhadev Gupta/Ghaspus | ||
| Shootout at Lokhandwala | Special appearance, Dingra | ||
| Jhoom Barabar Jhoom | Special appearance, Sutradhar | ||
| Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag | Babban Singh | ||
| Om Shanti Om | Special appearance, Himself | ||
| 2008 | Jodhaa Akbar | Narrator | |
| Bhoothnath | Bhoothnath (Kailash Nath) | ||
| Sarkar Raj | Subhash Nagre aka Sarkar | ||
| God Tussi Great Ho | God Almighty | ||
| The Last Lear | Harish 'Harry' Mishra | ||
| 2009 | Delhi-6 | Special appearance, Dadaji | |
| Aladin | Genius the Gennie | ||
| Paa | Auro | Winner, Filmfare Best Actor Award Winner, National Film Award for Best Actor |
|
| 2010 | Rann | Vijay Harshvardhan Malik | |
| Teen Patti | Venkat | ||
| Kandahar | Lokanathan Sharma | ||
| 2011 | Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap | ||
| Aarakshan | Prabhakar Anand | Nominated, Filmfare Best Actor Award | |
| Ra.One | Voice-over | ||
| 2012 | Department | ||
| Taalismaan | Filming | ||
| The Great Gatsby | Meyer Wolfsheim | Filming |
Producer[link]
| Year | Film |
|---|---|
| 1996 | Tere Mere Sapne |
| 1997 | Ullaasam |
| Mrityudata | |
| 1998 | Major Saab |
| 1998 | Saat Rang Ke Sapne |
| 2001 | Aks |
| 2005 | Viruddh... Family Comes First |
| 2006 | Family — Ties of Blood |
Playback singer[link]
| Year | Film |
|---|---|
| 1979 | The Great Gambler |
| Mr. Natwarlal | |
| 1981 | Lawaaris |
| Naseeb | |
| Silsila | |
| 1983 | Mahaan |
| Pukar | |
| 1984 | Sharaabi |
| 1989 | Toofan |
| Jaadugar | |
| 1992 | Khuda Gawah |
| 1998 | Major Saab |
| 1999 | Sooryavansham |
| 2001 | Aks |
| Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... | |
| 2002 | Aankhen |
| 2003 | Armaan |
| Baghban | |
| 2004 | Dev |
| Aetbaar | |
| 2006 | Baabul |
| 2007 | Nishabd |
| Cheeni Kum | |
| 2008 | Bhoothnath |
| 2009 | Aladin |
| Paa | |
| 2011 | Bbuddah... Hoga Terra Baap |
| 2012 | Kahaani[89] |
Further reading[link]
- Mazumdar, Ranjani. Bombay Cinema: An Archive of the City. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2007.
References[link]
- ^ "Amitabh Bachchan: A Life in Pictures". Bafta.org. http://guru.bafta.org/amitabh-bachchan-interview-video. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ a b "Film legend promotes Bollywood". BBC News. 2002-04-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1945451.stm. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
- ^ Wajihuddin, Mohammed (Dec 2, 2005). "Egypt's Amitabh Bachchan mania". The Times of India. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-12-02/india/27839664_1_bachchan-fan-mania-indians. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
- ^ Jatras, Todd (9 March 2001). "India's Celebrity Film Stars". Article (Forbes). http://www.forbes.com/2001/03/09/0309bollywood.html. Retrieved 22 Nov 2011.
- ^ "Bachchan Receives Lifetime Achievement Award at DIFF". Khaleej Times. 25 November 2009. http://www.khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data/newsmakers/2009/November/newsmakers_November64.xml§ion=newsmakers&col=. Retrieved 24 Nov 2011.
- ^ Mishra, Vijay (2001). Bollywood cinema: temples of desire. Routledge. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-415-93015-4.
- ^ Khan, Alifiya. "Teji Bachchan passes away". Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=2078579f-853d-48ae-b826-eeee479169e2&ParentID=d5c75cbf-62a5-49eb-a016-0cf71383854b&&Headline=Big+B's+mother+Teji+Bachchan+is+no+more. Retrieved 2011-02-10.
- ^ "Reviews on: To Be or Not To Be Amitabh Bachchan – Khalid Mohamed". http://www.mouthshut.com/review/To-Be-or-Not-To-Be-Amitabh-Bachchan-Khalid-Mohamed-review-osmuomqns.
- ^ "'I felt I did a good job in Black' - Rediff.com movies". In.rediff.com. 2007-08-09. http://in.rediff.com/movies/2007/aug/09amitabh.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ a b "80 iconic performances 1/10". 1 June 2010. http://www.filmfare.com/details.php?id=950. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- ^ Box Office India.
- ^ "Box Office 1975". BoxOffice India.com. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=181&catName=MTk3NQ==.
- ^ a b Kanwar, Rachna (3 October 2005). "25 Must See Bollywood Movies". Indiatimes movies. Archived from the original on 2009-02-20. http://web.archive.org/web/20090220161340/http://movies.indiatimes.com/Special_Features/25_Must_See_Bollywood_Movies/articleshow/msid-1250837,curpg-10.cms. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
- ^ "Sholay". International Business Overview Standard. http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/filmbodetails.asp?id=Sholay. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
- ^ "Bachchan's historic 1978 year at the box office". ibosnetwork.com. http://www.ibosnetwork.com/asp/topgrossersbyyear.asp?year=1978. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
- ^ "Truffaut labeled Bachchan a one-man industry". China Daily. http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/history/00-07-07/l03-film.html. Retrieved 1 February 2008.
- ^ "BoxOffice India.com". BoxOffice India.com. http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=186&catName=MTk4MA==. Retrieved 2010-01-15.
- ^ "Bachchan's box office success". boxofficeindia.com. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors&PHPSESSID=cfa06e3b5a051913d58987e99cd292ae. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
- ^ "Bachchan injured whilst shooting scene". rediff.com. http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/oct/11amit.htm. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
- ^ a b "Footage of fight scene in Coolie released to the public". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0085361/trivia. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
- ^ "Coolie a success". boxofficeindia.com. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=125&catName=MTk4MC0xOTg5. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
- ^ Mohamed, Khalid. "Reviews on: To Be or Not To Be Amitabh Bachchan". mouthshut.com. http://www.mouthshut.com/review/To_Be_or_Not_To_Be_Amitabh_Bachchan_-_Khalid_Mohamed-72513-1.html. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
- ^ "Amitabh Bachchan: Stint in Politics". HindustanTimes.com. http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/specials/amitabh/politics.htm. Retrieved 2005-12-05.
- ^ "Interview with Amitabh Bachchan". sathnam.com. Archived from the original on 2010-05-18. http://www.sathnam.com/Features/17/interview-with-amitabh-bachchan.
- ^ "Bachchan has no plans for election." hindu.com.
- ^ "Bollywood's Bachchan in trouble over crime claim". AFP. 4 October 2007. http://www.webcitation.org/5bPT62ngo.
- ^ "The 15-year ban on Bachchan!". Oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com. 2007-01-27. http://oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/01/27/2173/index.html. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "Top Actor". www.boxofficeindia.com/topactors.htm. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actors&PHPSESSID=cfa06e3b5a051913d58987e99cd292ae.
- ^ a b "Box Office 1994". Box Office India. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=200&catName=MTk5NA==.
- ^ Patil, Vimla (4 March 2001). "Muqaddar Ka Sikandar". http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010304/spectrum/main1.htm.
- ^ Taliculam, Sharmila. "He's back!". http://in.rediff.com/movies/1999/may/22soo.htm.
- ^ "Amitabh and Abhishek rule the box office". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 2011-05-05. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=211&catName=MjAwNQ==. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
- ^ "Box Office 2006". Box Office India. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg==. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
- ^ "Films fail at the BO". Box Office India. http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=212&catName=MjAwNg==.
- ^ Adarsh, Taran. "Top 5: 'Nishabd', 'N.P.D.' are disasters". Bollywood Hungma. http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/trade/top5/326.html. Retrieved 26 March 2007.
- ^ a b "Box Office India". http://www.boxofficeindia.com.
- ^ "This is Amitabh's best performance after Black". http://oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2007/09/11/3020.
- ^ "Amitabh Bachchan to star with Johnny Depp". ourbollywood.com. http://www.ourbollywood.com/2007/02/amitabh_bachchan_will_star_opp.html. Retrieved 11 March 2007.
- ^ Akbar, Arifa (November 13, 2009). "Underworld tale won't see light of day". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/the-diary-shantaram-film--lumiere-festival-tom-atkinson-hans-holbein-harold-evans-1819450.html. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
- ^ "Major Ravi gets ready to shoot Kandahar: Rediff.com Movies". Movies.rediff.com. 2010-06-08. http://movies.rediff.com/interview/2010/jun/08/south-major-ravi-on-kandahar.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Big B in 'Kandahaar' along with Sunil Shetty". indiaglitz.com. April 14, 2010. http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/56171.html.
- ^ "Amitabh to forego fee for sharing screen with Mohanlal". The Indian Express. 2010-04-17. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-to-forego-fee-for-sharing-screen-with-mohanlal/607690/0.
- ^ "Amitabh better today". Rediff. 1 December 2005. http://www.rediff.com/movies/2005/dec/01ab1.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
- ^ "South Asia | India scraps millionaire TV show". BBC News. 2006-01-25. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4648470.stm. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- ^ "Amitabh Bachchan will host 3rd edition of 'Big Boss 3'". Indian Express. 4 September 2009. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/amitabh-bachchan-will-host-3rd-edition-of-b/512958/. Retrieved 2010-12-28.
- ^ hindustantimes.in "Amitabh voice for Shatranj Ke Khiladi." Hindustan Times.
- ^ "Amitabh to get France's highest civilian honour : Bollywood News". ApunKaChoice.Com. 2006-10-12. http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20061012-1.html. Retrieved 2011-02-14.
- ^ Sanket Upadhyay (2007-06-01 (Faizabad)). "Land row: Setback for Bachchan". NDTV. http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20070014139. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
- ^ "Amitabh's land records look forged". The Times of India. 2 Jun, 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Pune/Amitabhs_land_records_look_forged/articleshow/2093299.cms.
- ^ "Amitabh Bachchan is not a farmer: UP court". Rediff.com. 1 June 2007. http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jun/01farm.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
- ^ "Big B abandons claim on farmland". Times of India. 12 October 2007. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Big_B_abandons_claim_on_farmland/articleshow/2453216.cms.
- ^ "HC gives clean chit to Amitabh Bachchan in land dispute case : Happenings News". ApunKaChoice.Com. 2007-12-12. http://www.apunkachoice.com/happenings/20071212-0.html. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ AP (2009-11-01). "News / National : Clean chit to Amitabh in land row". The Hindu. http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article41926.ece. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
- ^ "No question of proceeding further on Amitabh's land: Rane". hindu.com (Chennai, India). 25 March 2008. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200803251965.htm.
- ^ "Big B draws Raj Thakeray's ire over 'UP interests'". The Times of India. 2 February 2008. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Big_B_draws_Raj_Thackerays_ire_over_his_UP_interests/articleshow/2750611.cms. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
- ^ "Rift between Raj and Big B over a wedding invite". Daily News and Analysis. http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1149212. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Rift between Raj and Big B over a wedding invite". MSN. 2008-02-05. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080312103245/http://news.in.msn.com/national/article.aspx?cp-documentid=1226808. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "I don't know who Raj Thackeray is: Jaya Bachchan". The Indian Express. http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/I-dont-know-who-Raj-Thackeray-is-Jaya-Bachchan/268548/. Retrieved 2008-05-30.
- ^ . http://www.indianexpress.com/news/raj-accepts-amitabh-apology-turns-guns-on/360441/.
- ^ "Bal Thackeray: Amitabh loves Maharashtra". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2008-02-07. http://www.hindu.com/2008/02/07/stories/2008020759011200.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Amitabh breaks silence, dismisses Raj's charges against him". Daily News and Analysis. http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1157267. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "The Indian Constitution allows me to live anywhere: Amitabh Bachchan". The INDIAN. http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/indian-constitution-allows-me-to-live-anywhere-in-the-country-amitabh-bachchan_10032279.html. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Everyone has the right to freedom of expression: Bachchan". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2008-03-28. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/002200803281441.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Padma Shri Awardees - Padma Awards - My India, My Pride - Know India: National Portal of India". India.gov.in. http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmashri_awards_list1.php?start=1340. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ "Padma Bhushan Awardees - Padma Awards - My India, My Pride - Know India: National Portal of India". India.gov.in. http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=340. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ Pandey, Geeta (2007-01-27). "South Asia | French honour for Bollywood star". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6306201.stm. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Big B overjoyed to receive letter from Dilip Kumar". indianexpress.com. 2011-12-15. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/big-b-overjoyed-to-receive-letter-from-dilip-kumar/888188/. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ "ENTERTAINMENT | Bollywood star tops the poll". BBC News. 1999-07-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/381017.stm. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – World". Tribuneindia.com. 2001-09-04. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010904/world.htm#8. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Actor Amitabh Bachchan | Lifetime Achievement Award | 4th Asian Awards | Film Paa – Oneindia Entertainment". Entertainment.oneindia.in. 2010-03-25. http://entertainment.oneindia.in/bollywood/news/2010/amitabh-asian-awards-250310.html. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Art of cinema is a small contribution: Amitabh Bachchan". Screenindia.com. 2009-04-01. http://www.screenindia.com/news/art-of-cinema-is-a-small-contribution-amitabh-bachchan/441709/. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ Amitabh’s Wax Figure in New York. "Amitabh Wax figure in New York". Whatslatest.com. http://whatslatest.com/blog/?tag=amitabh-wax-figure-in-new-york. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "First ever permanent Bollywood wax figure Amitabh Bachchan". Madametussauds.com. http://www.madametussauds.com/HongKong/en/NewsAndEvents/AmitabhBachchan.aspx. Retrieved 2012-03-23.
- ^ "'Shahenshah' of Bollywood". Chennai, India: The Hindu. 2003-07-04. http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2003/07/04/stories/2003070400980100.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ Subhash K Jha, TNN, Jul 11, 2006, 10.09pm IST (2006-07-11). "Meet Dr Amitabh Bachchan! – The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1733064.cms. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "A doctorate for Big B: Rediff.com movies". In.rediff.com. 2006-11-04. http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/04look.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Dr Amitabh Bachchan takes Leicester by storm – bollywood news". glamsham.com. http://www.glamsham.com/movies/scoops/06/jul/20amitabh.asp. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Leeds University honours Bollywood icons : Bollywood News". ApunKaChoice.Com. 2007-06-10. http://www.apunkachoice.com/scoop/bollywood/20070610-0.html. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "News". QUT. http://www.qut.edu.au/about/news/news?news-id=37476. Retrieved 2011-11-29.
- ^ "Amitabh Bachchan – The Legend by Bhawana Somaaya". Indiaclub.com. http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=3161. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ Original Author: Khalid Mohamed. "To Be or Not to Be Amitabh Bachchan". Shvoong.com. http://www.shvoong.com/entertainment/movies/1843754-amitabh-bachchan/. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "AB: The Legend (A Photographer's Tribute)". Exoticindiaart.com. 2008-10-02. http://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/IDF390. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Amitabh Bachchan: Ek Jeevit Kimvadanti – ISBN 978-1-4039-3160-3 – Author: Somaaya – Macmillan India". Autsun.Com. 2009-10-20. http://www.autsun.com/amitabh-bachchan-ek-jeevit-kimvadanti/p/5070.html. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Amitabh: The Making of a Superstar by Susmita Dasgupta". Indiaclub.com. http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/searchresults.asp?ProdStock=19211. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Looking for the Big B: Bollywood, Bachchan and Me: Amazon.co.uk: Jessica Hines: Books". Amazon.co.uk. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Looking-Big-Bollywood-Bachchan-Me/dp/0747560412. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Amitabh Bacchan: A book on Amitabh Bachchan launched ‘Bachchanalia’". Amitabbacchan.blogspot.com. 2009-01-05. http://amitabbacchan.blogspot.com/2009/01/book-on-amitabh-bachchan-launched.html. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ "Soul Curry for you and me – An Empowering Philosophy That Can Enrich Your Life by Amitabh Bachchan". Indiaclub.com. 1942-10-11. http://www.indiaclub.com/shop/SearchResults.asp?ProdStock=11203. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-pammi-bakshi-on-supremo/20091110.htm
- ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Bollywood/Amitabh-Bachchan-sings-for-Kahaani/Article1-808488.aspx
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amitabh Bachchan |
- Amitabh Bachchan's official blog
- Amitabh Bachchan at the Internet Movie Database
- Amitabh Bachchan Documentary, Classic BBC Archive video and exclusive interview conducted in Amitabh's own house for BBC Asian Network[dead link]
- British Academy of Film and Television Arts brochure
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bachchan, Amitabh |
| Alternative names | Big B |
| Short description | Film actor |
| Date of birth | 11 October 1942 |
| Place of birth | Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Inayat Khan (disambiguation).
Inayat Khan (Urdu: عنایت خان ) (July 5, 1882 – February 5, 1927) was the founder of The Sufi Order in the West in 1914 (London) and teacher of Universal Sufism. He initially came to the West as a Northern Indian classical musician, having received the honorific "Tansen" from the Nizam of Hyderabad, but he soon turned to the introduction and transmission of Sufi thought and practice. Later, in 1923, the Sufi Order of the London period was dissolved into a new organization, formed under Swiss law, called the "International Sufi Movement". His message of divine unity (Tawhid) focused on the themes of love, harmony and beauty. He taught that blind adherence to any book rendered religion void of spirit. Branches of Inayat Khan's movement can be found in the Netherlands, France, England, Germany, the United States, Canada, Russia and Australia.
Contents |
Life[link]
Inayat Khan was born in Vadodara, Gujarat to a noble Muslim Indian family (his mother was a descendant of the uncle of Tipu Sultan, the famous eighteenth century ruler of Mysore). Primarily he represented the Chishti Order of Sufism, having received initiation into the Nizamiyya sub-branch of that order from Shaykh Muhammed Abu Hashim Madani, but was also initiated into the Suhrawardiyya, Qadiriyya and Naqshbandi. His spiritual lineage (Silsila), as compiled by Pir Zia Inayat Khan,[1] follows a traditional lineage from Ali ibn Abi Talib, through Abu Ishaq Shami (d. 940), the founder of the Chishti order, to Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi (d. 1356).
With the Shaykh's encouragement he left India in 1910 to come to the West, traveling first as a touring musician and then as a teacher of Sufism, visiting three continents. Eventually he married Ora Ray Baker (Pirani Ameena Begum), from New Mexico, and they had had four children; Noor-un-Nisa (1914), Vilayat (1916), Hidayat (1917) and Khair-un-Nisa (1919). The family settled in Suresnes near Paris.
In 1922, during a summer school, Inayat Khan had a 'spiritual experience' in the South Dunes in Katwijk, The Netherlands. He immediately told his students to meditate and proclaimed the place holy. In 1969 the Universal Sufi Temple was built there. Khan returned to India at the end of 1926 and there chose the site of his tomb, the Nizamuddin Dargah complex in Delhi where the founder of the Nizami Chishtiyya, Shaykh Nizamuddin Auliya (died 1325), is buried. Khan died shortly after, on February 5, 1927.
Foundational principles[link]
Inayat Khan set forth ten principles that formed the foundational principles of his Universal Sufism:[2]
- There is one God; the Eternal, the Only Being; None exists save He.
- There is one master; the guiding spirit of all souls that constantly leads all followers toward the light.
- There is one holy book; the sacred manuscript of nature, the only Scripture that can enlighten the reader.
- There is one religion; unswerving progress in the right direction toward the Ideal, which fulfills every soul's life purpose.
- There is one law; the law of reciprocity, which can be observed by a selfless conscience, together with a sense of awakened justice.
- There is one brotherhood; the human brotherhood which unites the children of earth indiscriminately in the fatherhood of God. This was later adapted by followers to; "There is one Family, the Human Family, which unites the Children of Earth indiscriminately in the Parenthood of God."
- There is one moral; the love which springs forth from self-denial and blooms in deeds of beneficence. ... (later alternative; "which springs forth from a willing heart, surrendered in service to God and Humanity, and which blooms in deeds of beneficence").
- There is one object of praise; the beauty which uplifts the heart of its worshipper through all aspects from the seen to the unseen.
- There is one truth; true knowledge of our being, within and without, which is the essence of Wisdom.
- There is one path; annihilation of the false ego in the real (later alternative; "the effacement of the limited self in the Unlimited"), which raises the mortal to immortality, in which resides all perfection.
Inayat Khan's emphasis on spiritual liberty led many contemporary Westerners to understand that his brand of Sufism is not inherently intertwined with Islam, although his followers continue to perform (Dhikr). There is a precedent of masters of the Chishti and some other orders not requiring non-Muslim followers to convert to Islam. The number of non-Muslim Sufis before the twentieth century, however, was usually relatively few.[3]
He is buried near to the Dargah of Hazrat Nizamuddin aulia r.a and not inside the actual Dargah complex. Mr. Inayat khans Dargah is located in the vicinity of Hazrat Nizamuddin Dargah.
Music[link]
- Song "Yaman Kalyan Khyal" by Inayat Khan recorded in Calcutta 1909
- «Hindustani songs by prof. Inayat Khan» 16 melodies for piano (1915). Performed by Philip Sear
- «Hindustani songs by prof. Inayat Khan» (scores PDF)
References[link]
- ^ Silsila / Shajara – The Chain of Spiritual Transmission
- ^ In The Spiritual Message of Inayat Khan, Volume I – The Way of Illumination, VOLUME I – I – 1 at wahiduddin.net
- ^ Carl Ernst and Bruce Lawrence, Sufi Martyrs of Love, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, p.142. ISBN 1-4039-6027-5.
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Khan, Inayat |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | July 5, 1882 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | February 5, 1927 |
| Place of death | |
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Wiki Summary
A Dargah (Persian: درگاه dargâh or درگه dargah) is a Sufi Islamic shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish. Local Muslims may visit a shrine as a form of pilgrimage known as ziyarat. Dargahs are often associated with Sufi meeting rooms and hostels, called khanqah. They usually include a mosque, meeting rooms, Islamic religious schools (madrassas), residences for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for community purposes.
The term dargah is derived from a Persian word which can mean, among other uses, "portal" or "threshold". Some Sufi and other Muslims believe that dargahs are portals by which they can invoke the deceased saint's intercession and blessing (as per tawassul). Still others hold a less supernatural view of dargahs, and simply visit as a means of paying their respects to deceased pious individuals or to pray at the sites for perceived spiritual benefits.
Over time, musical offerings of dervishes and sheikhs in the presence of the devout at these shrines, usually impromptu or on the occasion of Urs, gave rise to musical genres like Qawwali and Kafi, wherein Sufi poetry is accompanied by music and sung as an offering to a murshid, a type of Sufi spiritual instructor. Today they have become a popular form of music and entertainment throughout South Asia, with exponents like Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Abida Parveen taking their music to various parts of the world.
