Look up bandwidth in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Bandwidth has several related meanings:

• Bandwidth (signal processing) or analog bandwidth, frequency bandwidth or radio bandwidth: a measure of the width of a range of frequencies, measured in hertz
• Bandwidth (computing) or digital bandwidth: a rate of data transfer, bit rate or throughput, measured in bits per second (bps)
• Spectral linewidth: the width of an atomic or molecular spectral line, measured in hertz

Bandwidth can also refer to:

• Bandwidth (linear algebra), the width of the non-zero terms around the diagonal of a matrix
• In kernel density estimation, "bandwidth" describes the width of the convolution kernel used
• A normative expected range of linguistic behavior in language expectancy theory
• In business jargon, the resources needed to complete a task or project
• Bandwidth (radio program): A Canadian radio program
• Graph bandwidth, in graph theory

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Martin Freeman
Martin Freeman during filming of Sherlock in 2010
Born	Martin John C. Freeman (1971-09-08) 8 September 1971 (age 40) Aldershot, Hampshire, England
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1997 – present
Awards	BAFTA TV - Best Supporting Actor for Sherlock (2011)

Martin John C. Freeman (born 8 September 1971)^[1] is an English actor. He is known for his roles as Tim Canterbury in the BBC's Golden Globe-winning comedy The Office, John in Love Actually, Arthur Dent in the film adaptation of Douglas Adams' The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, Dr. Watson in Sherlock and Paul Maddens in Nativity!. He has been cast in the lead role of Bilbo Baggins in Peter Jackson's two-part adaptation of The Hobbit.^[2]

Early life[link]

Martin Freeman was born in Aldershot, Hampshire, the youngest of five children. His father, Geoffrey, a naval officer, and his mother, Philomena separated when Freeman was a child, and when Freeman was ten, Geoffrey died of a heart attack. Freeman was raised Roman Catholic. As a child, Freeman was asthmatic, and had to undergo a hip operation due to a "dodgy" leg. He was schooled at a Catholic comprehensive before attending London's Central School of Speech and Drama.^[3][4]

In an edition of Who Do You Think You Are? aired on 19 August 2009, he discovered that his grandfather, Leonard Freeman, was a member of the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War II.^[5] Private L W Freeman, a Territorial Army volunteer in the 150(N) Field Ambulance Regiment, was killed in Northern France on 24 May 1940 in a Stuka dawn attack. His unit was evacuated from Dunkirk two days later.

Career[link]

Freeman joined a youth theatre group at 15, but it was not until he was 17 that his confidence in his acting had led to the decision to pursue it as a career.^[3]

Freeman has appeared in at least 18 TV shows, 14 theatre productions, and several radio productions. He is notable for his role as Tim Canterbury in The Office. He also appeared in the sitcom Hardware. Additionally Freeman has appeared in several films, including Sacha Baron Cohen's Ali G Indahouse (2002) and Richard Curtis' Love Actually (2003). As well as his various comic roles, Freeman has also appeared in serious dramatic parts. He began to move into more serious dramatic roles on television with his appearance as Lord Shaftesbury in the 2003 BBC historical drama Charles II: The Power and The Passion. He can also be seen making a brief appearance in the first episode of the second series of This Life. Freeman also starred in the BBC's television series The Robinsons and had a cameo performance in episode 1 of Black Books.

He had a cameo in Hot Fuzz (2007), a film written by Shaun of the Dead writers Simon Pegg and Edgar Wright, and had a brief non-speaking role in Shaun of the Dead as Yvonne's boyfriend, Declan. He is in the 2007 film The All Together written & directed by Gavin Claxton. He also appeared alongside Roger Lloyd Pack, Jamie Hogarth and Christopher Mellows in the 2007 Bill Kenwright theatre production of The Last Laugh.

He also features in the video for Faith No More's cover of "I Started a Joke". He has recently covered a few shows on BBC 6 Music. In May 2009 he starred in a comedy, called Boy Meets Girl – a four part drama that charts the progress of characters Veronica and Danny after an accident which causes them to swap bodies.^[6]

He has starred in a 48 hour film project entitled 'The Girl Is Mime'.

Freeman plays Dr. John Watson in Sherlock, the BBC contemporary adaptation of the Sherlock Holmes detective stories. The first episode, "A Study in Pink", was broadcast on 25 July 2010 to critical acclaim. For his performance in the role he won the BAFTA award for Best Supporting Actor, 2011.

Freeman will play Bilbo Baggins, the main character in the two-part Peter Jackson film series The Hobbit.^[7][8]

Personal life[link]

Freeman resides in Hertfordshire with his partner,^[9] actress Amanda Abbington, whom he met on the set of Channel 4’s Men Only in 2000. The couple have a son and daughter,^[3][4] and have since appeared in other productions together, including Picking Up The Pieces, The Debt, The Robinsons and the feature film comedy The All Together.

Freeman is a lifelong fan of Motown music and interviewed Smokey Robinson in an edition of The Culture Show aired in October 2009.^[10]

Freeman is a vegetarian.^[11]

Filmography[link]

Films[link]

Television[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Martin Freeman

• Martin Freeman at the Internet Movie Database
• Martin Freeman at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
• Martin Freeman Massive, online fan community
• Martin Freeman BBC Radio Gloucestershire interview (feb 2007)
• Boy Meets Girl Interview

Daigo Umehara
The Beast
Daigo at Super Battle VS 20-X
Status	Active
Date of birth	(1981-05-19) May 19, 1981 (age 31)
Hometown	Tokyo
Nationality	Japanese
Games	Street Fighter II Turbo Street Fighter III 3rd Strike Street Fighter IV Street Fighter Alpha 3 Darkstalkers Capcom vs. SNK 2 Guilty Gear Capcom Fighting Evolution Marvel vs. Capcom 3

Daigo Umehara (Japanese: 梅原 大吾, Hepburn: Umehara Daigo^?, born 19 May 1981) is a Japanese arcade fighting video game player. He specializes in 2D arcade fighting games, mainly those released by Capcom. Known as "Daigo" or "The Beast"^[1][2] in the west and "Umehara"^[3] or "Ume" in Japan, Umehara is one of the world's most famous Street Fighter players^[4][5][6] and is often considered its greatest, as well.^[7] He currently holds a world record of "the most successful player in major tournaments of Street Fighter" in Guinness World Records.^{[8][9][10][11]}

Before properly being called a progamer^[12] from signing a sponsorship deal with MadCatz,^[13] Japanese media usually referred to Umehara as "God of 2D fighting games" (2D格闘ゲームの神 "2D Kakutou Game no Kami").^{[14][15][16][17][18][19][20]}

Early career[link]

Umehara began going to an arcade game center and playing fighting games at around 10 years of age when he was an elementary school student,^[12][21] the same time when Street Fighter II and Fatal Fury: King of Fighters hit the game center.^[12] Because the SF2 cabinet had a very long line and also had older kids playing, his first fighting game is actually Garou Densetsu.^[12] Because there was usually a long line in his free time and he could not stay too late, Umehara first started challenging other players in Street Fighter II Dash (Champion Edition) even though he felt shy and had to ask for permission to challenge first, but that was also when he started to like playing with other players. ^[12]

Around the time when he was a 13-year-old middle school student,^[12] Umehara shifted his main game to Vampire Hunter because he thought he did better than SF2^[12] and first developed some reputation by setting a 286-win streak record^[22] before he was forced to leave due to closing time at Akihabara Sega (now Club Sega^[23]) game center.^[12][24][25] He first joined a tournament when he entered GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Hunter tournament in 1995,^[26] though he lost in the block's finals.^[27] His second tournament and also his first tournament winning is GAMEST Cup's national Vampire Savior tournament in 1997^[28] where he defeated Ōnuki (now Nuki) in the finals.^[27][29][30]

In 1998, 18 year old Umehara participated Capcom's official Street Fighter Zero 3 national tournament and advanced to the finals which took place on a stage in Tokyo Game Show 1998: Autumn on October 11.^[31] After winning the tournament by defeating Ōnuki 3-1, as the champion, Umehara went on to face Alex Valle, who was the winner of the U.S. national Street Fighter Alpha 3 tournament. The international "Grand Championship" was held in San José, California on November 8. This is Umehara's first trip to U.S. and first overseas tournament.^[32] The match was played as best out of three games, with each game as best out of five rounds. Umehara came from behind to win 2-1;^[33][34]These two events received a 50-minute TV coverage in Japan.^[35]

In September 2001, Umehara gained enough fans to have a book about him published. The title is VERSUS, also known as "Umebon" (ウメ本) or "Ume Book." It contains both his background and stories behind his competitions and opponents.^[24]

In 2002, Umehara appeared in U.S. versus Japan theme exhibition matches in Japan. American players competed in four games (Super Street Fighter II Turbo, Street Fighter Alpha 3, Street Fighter III 3rd Strike and Marvel vs. Capcom 2) for the right to battle Japan's best players in those respective games. Umehara only entered the 3rd Strike exhibition, but defeated all of his opponents, ending each round with Ken's fierce Shoryuken. These events were filmed for the documentary Bang the Machine.^[36][37]

In 2003, Umehara won Super Street Fighter II Turbo tournament in the first Super Battle Opera (Tougeki) and won the same game in Evolution Championship Series when he joined the event for the first time in the same year, making him the first player to win both SBO and Evolution in same year on the same game.^[38] Umehara also went to Evolution 2004 and Absolution 2004^[39] on April 18 in England and won SSF2 Turbo there.^[27][40]

Umehara has participated regularly in a number of tournaments, appearing at least one each year since beginning in 1997, with a brief hiatus in 2008.^[27][41]

The dramatic comeback at Evolution 2004[link]

Umehara started becoming famous internationally from the YouTube video clips^[42][43] of his match in the Losers bracket final^[44] in Evolution Championship Series 2004's Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike competition where he made a dramatic comeback against Justin Wong's Chun-Li. In the final round of match 1, Umehara's Ken was down to his last pixel of vitality.^[45] At this point, any special attack would knock Umehara's character out if connected, since special attacks deal chip damage even when blocked. In an attempt to win the round, Wong attempted to hit Umehara's Ken with Chun-Li's multihit Super Art move Houyoku-sen (鳳翼扇, "phoenix-wing fan").^[46] However, instead of avoiding it, Umehara chose to "Parry," a technique whereby an incoming attack is blocked without the player losing any health, but by doing so requires moving toward opponent's direction in the same time a hit lands,^[47] within four of thirty frames^{[citation needed]} per second of the impact animation. After the move was launched, not only were all 15 hits Parried, but Umehara also managed to get into a good position to make a powerful attacking combo^[48] that knocked Chun-Li out instead. This moment, and the ecstatic cheering of the spectators that followed, was recorded and later spread on the Internet, gaining immense popularity.^[44][49][50] In 2011, Kotaku ranked it first place in its list of "The 10 Best Moments in Pro-Gaming History".^[51]

NHK's TV program, MAG-NET, has called this moment "Kiseki no Gyakuten Geki" (奇跡の逆転劇) or "The miraculous reversal play".^[52] Within the fighting game online community, it is referred to as "Evo Moment #37: The Beast is Unleashed"^[53], and the offensive combo used would later appear in Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike Online Edition as Ken's trial mode combo 3. This trial mode challenge specifically refers to Daigo's use of the combo, as the challenge description is "Evo Moment #37." (Most Trial Mode challenges within the game have a description of the combo in the challenge.)^[54]

Street Fighter IV era[link]

In July 2008, Umehara came out of retirement^[55] and aims for competition once again. This time, his focus was on the newly-released Street Fighter IV. Because of this, Japanese arcade gaming magazine Arcadia has included a DVD featuring "Umehara Concept Matches" in its January 2009 issue (released on November 29, 2008) and "The God has returned" was stated in Umehara's player introduction part. The DVD contains exhibition matches between him and Japan's 6 top players such as Inoue, Itabashi Zangief, Fuudo, Nemo, and Mago.^[56]

2009[link]

On March 5, Umehara made an appearance as the "God of fighting games world"^[57] in a TV show "Gamer's Koshien". He and the fellow Japan's 4 top players (Soushihan KSK, Itabashi Zangief, Mago, and Tokido) had to compete with each other and with celebrities in a Street Fighter IV round-robin tournament where the top players had to win the amateurs overwhelmingly in order to get a good point as a handicap.^[16][58]

On April 18, at GameStop's Street Fighter IV National Tournament 2009, Francisco, California, there was exhibition matches between 4 players from 3 countries after the actual competition ended. It featured Iyo who had recently won the Japanese National SF4 tournament, Poongko who won the Korean SF4 National Tournament, Justin Wong who won the American National SF4 tournament, and Daigo Umehara who came by Capcom's invitation.^[59] Umehara defeated Iyo, Poongko and Justin Wong to win the tournament. He was awarded a free trip to Evolution 2009 in Las Vegas.^[60][61]

Umehara began writing a column in Arcadia starting from the August issue, called Umehara Column: Michi.^[62] ("Umehara Column: Street")

For his win at the GameStop tournament, Umehara started his Street Fighter IV competition as a seeded player in the semi-finals on July 18, which is the second day of Evolution 2009. In the third and the last day, Umehara defeated Justin Wong and put him into the Losers Bracket, then advanced to the grand finals just to meet Wong again. The two fought until the last game possible, but Umehara won the competition.^{[63] [64][65]}

The September issue^[66] of Arcadia magazine included a DVD featuring the second of "Umehara's Concept Matches" which is the sequel to the DVD from late 2008. This time Umehara had to fight Japan's 5 top players: Mago, Iyo, Nuki, Nemo, and Shirou.^{[67][68] [69]}

On August 7, Umehara participated in an all night^[70] tournament called "GODSGARDEN."^{[71] [72]}

Umehara participated in exhibition matches in a Street Fighter IV competition in Taiwan on October 10.^[73]The matches were broadcasted live on Famitsu's web channel.^[74]

Umehara went to America again to join a tournament called Season's Beatings on October 16–18 in Columbus, Ohio.^[75][76] He won Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix and Street Fighter IV Singles competition.^[77][78]

On November 26, Umehara and 5 other top Japanese Street Fighter IV players joined a Nico Nico internet live show^[79] to talk about the second GODSGARDEN tournament. The show also held an exhibition match between himself and Mago.^[80]

2010[link]

Instead of participating GODSGARDEN #2 (March 6),^[81] Umehara flew to France to enter Street Fighter IV tournaments in World Game Cup^[82] gaming event that took place between March 3–7. He finished the second place in singles and first in 2 on 2.^[83][84]

Umehara and two teammates participated official^[85] Street Fighter IV National Tournament^[86] and qualified to the top 14 on April 4. His team was eliminated in the quarter finals. The competition was broadcasted live on Nico Nico.^[87][88]

Umehara went to America to join Capcom's Super Street Fighter IV "Fight Club" launch party in Los Angeles on April 23.^[89] The party held exhibition matches in which he played various characters including Hakan, Guy and Dee Jay against a dozen of challengers. The event ended with a 3-out-of-5 match,^{[90] [91]} between him and Justin Wong. Their draw result from double K.O. at the end left Umehara undefeated in that night.

It is also revealed in the event that Umehara accepted a sponsorship deal from Mad Catz and will play under their name in the future tournaments.^{[13][92][93][94][95][96]}

The limited edition of Super Street Fighter IV game from e-CAPCOM store comes with a special DVD featuring two tournaments between Japan's 8 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Iyo, Shirou, Kin Devu, Momochi, Tokidoki Nukings, and Itabashi Zangief. The first one is a "new character only" tournament where Umehara played as Adon. The second one is for old characters.^[97][98] The Super Street Fighter IV Technical Guide published by Enterbrain which was released on April 28 includes a DVD featuring exhibition matches of the new characters played by Japan's 7 top players: Umehara, Tokido, Kin Devu, Iyo, Momochi, Itabashi Zangief, and Shirou.^[99][100]

On May 9, Umehara made his appearance as the "Super Player"^[101] on an NHK's Sunday night program "MAG-NET" which had a scoop on Street Fighter. The show told the story about his fame (including his 2004 dramatic comeback), his life, his competitions and his opponents. There was also Umehara's tutorial session where he demonstrated his arcade stick gripping method called "Umehara Mochi" (ウメハラ持ち) or "Umehara Grip" and his signature Ryu's combo technique—Shouryuken > Focus Attack Dash Cancel > Metsu Hadouken.^[102][103]

On May 15, Nico Nico Live held a Super Street Fighter IV online competition where participating online players on Xbox Live got a chance to fight Japan's 3 top players: Umehara, Mago, and Tokido. They also have offline matches and a short talk corner.^[104]

Umehara went to Australia for the first time^[105] when he participated Evolution Asia Pacific's Super Street Fighter IV tournament in Sydney on May 29–30. He won the tournament losing just one game^[106] and, as the grand prize, earned a paid flight to Evolution 2010 in Las Vegas where he will start off as a seeded player.^{[4][107][108][109][110][111][112]}

On June 4, Umehara joined the 106th Xbox Live Park online event held by Microsoft Japan with Famitsu's editorial department. Participating Xbox Live Gold members got a chance to have a Super Street Fighter IV online match and chat with Umehara in the 2-hour period.^[113]

After the invitation to play in Electronic Sports World Cup (July 3–4) was cancelled^[114] and after getting the 2nd place in Nagoya Street Battle 15 (July 4),^[115] Umehara joined Evolution 2010 between July 9–11 and faced a tougher challenge than before with over 1,700 players^[116] from around the world participating in the Super Street Fighter IV tournament. However, without going down to Losers bracket, Umehara won the tournament in front of ten thousands of audiences both in the hall and in front of computer screens. The live stream of the event set a new record with approximate 48,000 viewers at peak 2 channels combined (Stickam 18,000 and Ustream 30,000) during the SSF4 grand finals before it went down due to technical problems.^[117]Umehara also received Evo exclusive golden arcade stick^[118] with serial number 1 as a prize.^{[119][120][121][122][123][124]}

After winning the qualifier on May 22,^[125] Umehara's team participated in the Super Battle Opera 2010's Street Fighter IV finals on September 19 and won the second place. The event took place as a part of Tokyo Game Show 2010 at Makuhari Messe International Convention Complex.^[126] A pay-per-view live stream was distributed by Nico Nico.^[127]

Umehara participated in Season's Beatings tournament in Ohio for the second time between October 15–17, ^[128] Southern California Regionals tournament in Los Angeles between November 6–7,^{[129][130][131]} Canada Cup in Canada between November 13-14,^[132] and Northern California Regionals tournament between November 20-21.^[133] He then went to Kuwait for an exhibition event on November 26.^[134]

Achievements[link]

Year	Tournament	Game	Place	Note
2012	LG Cup	Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition	2nd
2011	Nagoya Street Battle X MadCatz	Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition (3 on 3)	1st	Teammate: Tokido, Mago
2011	Nagoya Street Battle 30	Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition (3 on 3)	1st	Teammate: Tokido, Mago
2011	Super Battle Opera 2011	Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition (2 on 2)	3rd	Teammate: Iyo
2011	Evolution 2011	Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition	4th
2011	NorCal Regionals 9	Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition	1st
2011	ReveLAtions	Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition	1st
2011	Topanga Charity Cup	Super Street Fighter IV: Arcade Edition (5 on 5)	1st	Teammate: Tokido, Mago, Nyanshi, Bonchan
2010	NorCal Regionals 8[133]	Super Street Fighter IV (3 on 3)	1st	Teammate: Ricky Ortiz, fLoE
2010	NorCal Regionals 8	Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix	1st	-
2010	The Canada Cup[132]	Super Street Fighter IV	1st	-
2010	The Canada Cup	Super Street Fighter IV (3 on 3)	3rd	Teammate: Air, Mago
2010	The Canada Cup	Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix	1st	-
2010	SoCal Regionals 2010	Super Street Fighter IV	2nd	-
2010	SoCal Regionals 2010	Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix	1st	-
2010	Season's Beatings V	Super Street Fighter II Turbo	1st	-
2010	Nagoya Street Battle 17	Super Street Fighter IV (3 on 3)	1st	Teammate: MACHI, Momochi[135]
2010	Super Battle Opera 2010	Street Fighter IV (3 on 3)	2nd	Teammate: TKD, Bon-chan[125]
2010	Ayano Cup[136]	Street Fighter IV (5 on 5)	1st	Teammate: Nyanshi, Misse, Nemo, Iyo[137]
2010	Super VS Battle 20-X[138]	Super Street Fighter IV	3rd	-
2010	Evolution 2010	Super Street Fighter IV	1st[119]	-
2010	Nagoya Street Battle 15	Super Street Fighter IV (3 on 3)	2nd	Teammate: Mago, Tokido
2010	Evolution Asia-Pacific	Super Street Fighter IV	1st[110]	-
2010	World Game Cup 2010	Street Fighter IV (2 on 2)	1st[139]	Teammate: Eita
2010	World Game Cup 2010	Street Fighter IV	2nd[139]	-
2009	Seasons Beatings IV	Street Fighter IV	1st	-
2009	Seasons Beatings IV	Super Street Fighter II Turbo HD Remix	1st	-
2009	Seasons Beatings IV	Street Fighter IV (3 on 3)	3rd	Team: Daigo Company
2009	Shiozawa Cup[140][141]	Street Fighter IV (5 on 5)	1st[142]	Teammate: Nyanshi, Misse, Iyo, Bon-chan
2009	GODSGARDEN #1	Street Fighter IV	3rd[143]	-
2009	Evolution 2009	Street Fighter IV	1st[144]	-
2007	2nd Darkstalker Combination Cup	Vampire Hunter	1st	-
2007	Hyper-Mania 4	Hyper Street Fighter II (Team)	2nd	-
2007	X-Mania 7	Super Street Fighter II Turbo (Team)	2nd	-
2006	Evolution 2006	Guilty Gear XX Slash	2nd	-
2005	Super Battle Opera 2005	Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike (2 on 2)	1st	Teammate: Nuki, Team: UmeNuki
2005	Super Battle Opera 2005	Capcom Fighting Jam (Team)	2nd	-
2004	4th Cooperation Cup	Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike	1st	-
2004	Absolution 2004	Super Street Fighter II Turbo	1st	-
2004	Absolution 2004	Guilty Gear XX #Reload	1st	-
2004	Absolution 2004	Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike	1st	-
2004	Absolution 2004	Street Fighter Zero 3	3rd	-
2004	Evolution 2004	Super Street Fighter II Turbo	1st	-
2004	Evolution 2004	Guilty Gear XX	1st	-
2004	Evolution 2004	Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike	2nd	-
2004	Kakutou Ishin	Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike	2nd	-
2004	Kakutou Ishin	Street Fighter Zero 3	2nd	-
2003	Evolution 2003	Super Street Fighter II Turbo	1st	-
2003	Evolution 2003	Guilty Gear XX	1st	-
2003	Evolution 2003	Street Fighter III: 3rd Strike	2nd	-
2003	Evolution 2003	Capcom vs. SNK 2	2nd	-
2003	Super Battle Opera (#1)	Super Street Fighter II Turbo (Team)	1st	Teammate: Kurahashi, Otochun
2003	Super Battle Opera (#1)	Capcom vs. SNK 2	2nd	-
2000	Official National Tournament	Capcom vs. SNK	1st	-
2000	3rd Official National Tournament	Street Fighter Zero 3	1st	-
2000	X-Mania 2000	Super Street Fighter II Turbo (3 on 3)	3rd	-
1999	Official National Tournament	Street Fighter Zero 3 (Team)	2nd	-
1998	Official National Tournament	Street Fighter Zero 3	1st	International Champion
1997	GAMEST Cup	Vampire Savior	1st	-

Most of data from 2007 and older is provided by beastdaigo.jp. Complete list and more data on smaller-scaled tournaments can be found on the Japanese fan site. All data is verified by sources as of May, 31, 2010. Reports from official sites are included if available. Only first, second, and third place are displayed here.

See also[link]

• Street Fighter
• Electronic sports
• Nico Nico Douga

References[link]