- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 127797
- author: BigPondAFL
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- 93.9 Bay FM
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- A
- Adelaide
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- Anakie, Victoria
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3GPH
3GPH is a radio station based in Geelong, Victoria. It is part of the Vision Australia Radio network, a reading and information service for those persons unable to read or easily access information in print. The station is run and operated by volunteers.
When not broadcasting local programs, the station is a relay of 3RPH in Melbourne.
Coordinates: 38°08′50″S 144°21′39″E / -38.14729°N 144.360735°E / -38.14729; 144.360735
wn.com/3GPH -
Adelaide
Adelaide (
/ˈædəleɪd/) is the capital city of South Australia and the fifth-largest city in Australia. Adelaide has an estimated population of more than 1.2 million. The demonym "Adelaidean" is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is located north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km (12 mi) from the coast to the foothills, and 90 km (56 mi) from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south.
Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for a freely settled British province in Australia.Colonel William Light, one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Light's design set out Adelaide in a grid layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by parkland. Early Adelaide was shaped by religious freedom and a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties, which led to the moniker "City of Churches".
wn.com/Adelaide -
Albury
Albury ( /ˈɔːlbəri/) is a major regional city in New South Wales, Australia, located on the Hume Highway on the northern side of the Murray River. It is located wholly within the boundaries of the City of Albury Local Government Area. Albury is the second major city of the Riverina and the second largest inland city in New South Wales, behind Wagga Wagga. Albury has an urban population of 53,507 people. It is separated from its twin city in Victoria, Wodonga by the Murray River. Together the two cities form an urban area with a population of more than 90,000. It is 554 kilometres (344 mi) from the state capital Sydney and 326 kilometres (203 mi) from the Victorian capital Melbourne.
Albury is situated above the river flats of the Murray River, in the foothills of the Great Dividing Range. At the airport, Albury is 164 metres (538 ft) above sea level.
Albury has a warm, temperate, four-season climate, with cool to mild winters and very warm to hot summers. In summer, the mean daily maximum temperature is around 30 degrees Celsius with low humidity; however, this is subject to substantial daily variation. An average of 17 days with a maximum above 35 degrees Celsius occur in this summer period. Mean winter maximums are around 14 degrees Celsius with many crisp, sunny days. Frosts are commonplace in winter, with approximately 20 days per year featuring minimums of below freezing.
wn.com/Albury -
Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
wn.com/Australia -
Avalon Airport
Avalon Airport (IATA: AVV, ICAO: YMAV) is the second busiest of the four airports serving Melbourne (in passenger traffic) and is located in Avalon, Victoria, Australia, which is 15 km (9.3 mi) north-east of the city of Geelong and 50 km (31 mi) to the south-west of the state's capital city of Melbourne.
The airport is designed to cater for jet aircraft and comprises a single runway. Avalon is used by Jetstar Airways and Sharp Airlines for scheduled domestic passenger services and as a heavy maintenance facility by Jetstar's parent company, Qantas. It is also the site of the biennial Australian International Airshow. Previously, air traffic control was only provided at Avalon on request, but on 16 May 2008 it was announced that regular air traffic control facilities would be provided.
Avalon Airport lies between the You Yangs, Corio Bay and Melbourne Water sewage treatment agistment paddocks. The airport continues to fall under the jurisdiction of the Australian Department of Defence.
The airport had 94,180 passengers for the month January 2011.[citation needed]
wn.com/Avalon_Airport -
Bairnsdale
Bairnsdale ( /ˈbɛərnzdeɪl/, locally [ˈbeːnzdæɪl]) is a small city in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. With a population at the 2006 census of 11,282, it is a major regional centre of eastern Victoria along with Traralgon and Sale.
Bairnsdale is located on the river flats of the Mitchell River, near where the Mitchell River flows into Lake King.
Bairnsdale is the commercial centre for the East Gippsland region and the seat of local government for the Shire of East Gippsland.
The origin of the city's name is uncertain, however it is believed to have been derived from the name of the property owned by pioneer settler Archibald Macleod.
Bairnsdale is sited on a bend of the Mitchell river, with the river flowing in along the northern edge of the town, before turning south to flow along the eastern edge, although suburbs are now found across the river to both north and east, e.g. Wy Yung and Eastwood. The river floods at intervals of several years, inundating areas of the town close to the banks and closing the highway bridge.
wn.com/Bairnsdale -
Ballarat
Ballarat ( /ˈbæləræt/) is a city in the state of Victoria, Australia, approximately 105 kilometres (65 mi) west-north-west of the state capital Melbourne situated on the lower plains of the Great Dividing Range and the Yarrowee River catchment. It is the largest inland centre and third most populous city in the state and the fifth most populated inland city in Australia. It is the largest settlement and administrative centre of the City of Ballarat, which encompasses both the urban area and outlying towns spanning an area of 740 square kilometres (290 sq mi) and an estimated population of 97,810. Inhabitants of Ballarat are known as Ballaratians.
It was named by Scottish settler Archibald Yuille who established the sheep run called Ballaarat in 1837 with the name derived from local Wathaurong Aboriginal words for the area, balla arat, thought to mean "resting place". The present spelling was officially adopted in 1996.
It is one of the most significant Victorian era boomtowns in Australia. Just months after Victoria was granted separation from New South Wales, the Victorian gold rush transformed Ballarat from a small sheep station to a major settlement. Gold was discovered at Poverty Point on 18 August 1851 and news quickly spread of rich alluvial fields where gold could easily be extracted. Within months, approximately 20,000 migrants had rushed the district. Unlike many other gold rush boom towns, the Ballarat fields experienced sustained high gold yields for decades.
wn.com/Ballarat -
Bass Strait
Bass Strait ( /ˈbæs/) is a sea strait separating Tasmania from the south of the Australian mainland, specifically the state of Victoria.
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Bass Strait as follows:
On the West. The Eastern limit of the Great Australian Bight [A line from Cape Otway, Australia, to King Island and thence to Cape Grim, the Northwest extreme of Tasmania].
On the East. The Western limit of the Tasman Sea between Gabo Island and Eddystone Point [A line from Gabo Island (near Cape Howe, 37°30'S) to the Northeast point of East Sister Island (148°E) thence along the 148th meridian to Flinders Island; beyond this Island a line running to the Eastward of the Vansittart Shoals to [Cape] Barren Island, and from Cape Barren (the Easternmost point of [Cape] Barren Island) to Eddystone Point (41°S) in Tasmania].
The strait was named after George Bass after he and Matthew Flinders passed through it while circumnavigating Van Diemen's Land (now named Tasmania) in the Norfolk in 1798–99. At Flinders' recommendation the Governor of New South Wales, John Hunter, in 1800 named the stretch of water between the mainland and Van Diemen's Land "Basses Strait". Later it became known as Bass Strait.
wn.com/Bass_Strait -
Bellarine Peninsula
The Bellarine Peninsula is a peninsula located south-west of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia, surrounded by Port Phillip, Corio Bay and Bass Strait. The peninsula, together with the Mornington Peninsula separates Port Phillip from Bass Strait. The peninsula itself was originally occupied by Indigenous Australian clans of the Wathaurong nation, prior to European settlement in the early 19th century. Early European settlements were initially centred around wheat and grain agriculture, before the area became a popular tourist destination with most visitors arriving by paddle steamer on Port Phillip in the late 19th century.
Today, approximately 55,000 people live on the peninsula and unlike its cousin, the Mornington Peninsula, this number increases only slightly during peak tourist months. However, the peninsula is a growing tourist region with a variety of beaches and seaside resorts and wineries; part of the area is sometime regarded as a part of greater Geelong.
The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by Indigenous Australian clans of the Wathaurong nation, prior to European settlement in the early 19th century. The convict William Buckley escaped from the Sullivan Bay settlement in 1803, and lived among the Wathaurong people for 32 years on the Bellarine Peninsula. In 1835, John Batman used Indented Head as his base camp, leaving behind several employees whilst he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land) for more supplies and his family. In this same year, Buckley surrendered to the party led by John Helder Wedge and was later pardoned by Lieutenant-Governor Sir George Arthur, and subsequently given the position of interpreter to the natives.
wn.com/Bellarine_Peninsula -
Benalla
Benalla ( /bəˈnælə/) is a city of just over 9,000 people located just off the Hume Freeway in north-eastern Victoria, Australia, about 40 kilometres (20 mi) southwest of Wangaratta. Its Local Government Area is the Rural City of Benalla.
The site was originally taken up as a pastoral run by the Reverend Joseph Docker in 1838 and called Benalta Run, from the Aboriginal word for Musk Duck. A town was laid out on the site in 1846. The Post Office opened on 1 December 1844 but named Broken River until 1 January 1854
The Broken River can cause extensive flooding. There is a park and walking track along the river at Benalla, featuring a ceramic sculpture community that was created as part of an employment project for local artists some years ago; this is the site of the original Benalla Police Station (known as Broken River) which was formed in early February 1839. The listed Police Members were Corp. Thomas Whitwell, Troopers John Phealy, Patrick Monahan, Thomas Cornwark and Dismounted Trooper Edward Beech. Benalla Police is Victoria's longest serving. Industries include agricultural support services, tourism, a medium density fibreboard factory, Thales Australia ammunition factory and aviation. The rose gardens and the annual Rose Festival dating from 1967 have contributed to tourism.
wn.com/Benalla -
Bendigo
Bendigo /ˈbɛndɨɡoʊ/ is a major regional city in the state of Victoria, Australia, located very close to the geographical centre of the state and approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) north west of the state capital Melbourne. It is the second largest inland city and fourth most populous city in the state. The estimated urban population is 91,713. It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Bendigo which encompasses both the urban area and outlying towns spanning an area of approximately 3,000 square kilometres (1,158 sq mi). Inhabitants of Bendigo are known as Bendigonians.
Originally taking its name from the Bendigo Creek, the name became official in 1891. Shortly afterwards, the term "Bendigonians" was coined to describe its residents.
Bendigo is one of the most significant Victorian era boomtowns in Australia. Gold was discovered in 1851 at The Rocks on Bendigo Creek and the Bendigo Valley was found to be a rich alluvial field where gold could easily be extracted. News of the finds intensified the Victorian gold rush bringing an influx of migrants to the city from around the world within a year and transforming it from a station to a major settlement in the newly proclaimed Colony of Victoria.
wn.com/Bendigo -
Brisbane
Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/) is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.1 million, and the South East Queensland urban conurbation, centred around Brisbane, encompasses a population of more than 3 million. The Brisbane central business district stands on the original European settlement and is situated inside a bend of the Brisbane River, approximately 23 km (14 mi) from its mouth at Moreton Bay. The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the floodplain of the Brisbane River valley between the bay and the Great Dividing Range. While the metropolitan area is governed by several municipalities, a large portion of central Brisbane is governed by the Brisbane City Council, which is by far Australia's largest Local Government Area by population. The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite.
Brisbane is named after the river on which it sits, which, in turn, was named after Scotsman Sir Thomas Brisbane, the Governor of New South Wales from 1821 to 1825. The first European settlement in Queensland was a penal colony at Redcliffe, 28 kilometres (17 mi) north of the Brisbane central business district, in 1824. That settlement was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825. Free settlers were permitted from 1842. Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859.
wn.com/Brisbane -
Bundaberg
Bundaberg is a city in Queensland, Australia. It is part of the Local Government Area (LGA) of the Bundaberg Region and is a major centre within Queensland's broader Wide Bay-Burnett geographical region. The city lies on the Burnett River, approximately 385 kilometres (239 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) inland from the coast.
The first Europeans in the area, were timbergetters and farmers who arrived in 1867. The town itself was surveyed in 1870 and by 1881 it was gazetted as a municipality. It grew rapidly into a town by 1902 and a city by 1913.
The city name is thought to be an artificial combination of bunda, the Kabi Aboriginal word denoting important man and the German suffix berg indicating mountain. The city is colloquially known as "Bundy".
The local Aboriginal group is the Dundu:ra/Doondora people the inhabitants of the Hervey Bay (Dundu:ra Bay) region which stretched from the Mary River to the Burnett River who was part of the Wahr Language Group of the Kabi nation (Edward Curr 1886).
wn.com/Bundaberg -
Cairns
Cairns ( /ˈkɛərnz/, locally [ˈkeːnz]) is a regional city in Far North Queensland, Australia, founded 1876. The city was named after William Wellington Cairns, then-current Governor of Queensland. It was formed to serve miners heading for the Hodgkinson River goldfield, but experienced a decline when an easier route was discovered from Port Douglas. It later developed into a railhead and major port for exporting sugar cane, gold and other metals, minerals and agricultural products from surrounding coastal areas and the Atherton Tableland region. As of 2010, the population is approximately 150,920.
Cairns is located about 1,700 km (1,056 mi) from Brisbane, and about 2,420 km (1,504 mi) from Sydney by road. It is a popular travel destination for foreign tourists because of its tropical climate. It serves as a starting point for people wanting to visit the Great Barrier Reef and Far North Queensland.
Cairns is located on the east coast of Cape York Peninsula on a coastal strip between the Coral Sea and the Great Dividing Range. The northern part of the city is located on Trinity Bay and the city centre is located on Trinity Inlet. Some of the city's suburbs are located on flood plains. The Mulgrave River and Barron River flow within the greater Cairns area but not through the CBD. The city centre's foreshore is located on a mud flat.
wn.com/Cairns -
Caloundra
Caloundra ( /kəˈlaʊndrə/) is the southernmost community on the Sunshine Coast in South East Queensland, Australia, located 90 kilometres (55.9 mi) north of Brisbane CBD. Caloundra is accessible from Landsborough Railway Station and the Caloundra bus station.
In the local Aboriginal dialect, 'Kalowendah' translates as 'Place of the Beech Trees'.
In 1875, Robert Bulcock, an English immigrant who founded a Brisbane newspaper and later represented the Brisbane suburb of Enoggera in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland from 1885 until 1888, bought 277 acres (1.12 km2) of land in the region. A town was surveyed in the 1870s, and land sales commenced in 1883. With its proximity to beaches, the area became popular with tourists and a number of hotels and guest houses were set up to accommodate them.
In 1917, Bulcock's, Robert Bulcock Jr, who was a councillor in the Shire of Landsborough, subdivided part of the land into 404 lots. This area became known as Bulcock Beach. By 1933, Caloundra had a population of 271.
wn.com/Caloundra -
Canberra
Canberra ( /ˈkænbᵊrə/ or /ˈkænbɛrə/) is the capital city of Australia. With a population of 358,000, it is Australia's largest inland city and the eighth-largest city overall. The city is located at the northern end of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), 280 km (170 mi) south-west of Sydney, and 660 km (410 mi) north-east of Melbourne. A resident of Canberra is known as a "Canberran".
The site of Canberra was selected for the location of the nation's capital in 1908 as a compromise between rivals Sydney and Melbourne, Australia's two largest cities. It is unusual among Australian cities, being an entirely planned city. Following an international contest for the city's design, a blueprint by the Chicago architects Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin was selected and construction commenced in 1913. The Griffins' plan featured geometric motifs such as circles, hexagons and triangles, and was centred around axes aligned with significant topographical landmarks in the Australian Capital Territory.
wn.com/Canberra -
City of Geelong
The City of Geelong was a Local Government Area located about 75 kilometres (47 mi) southwest of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. The city covered an area of 13.4 square kilometres (5.2 sq mi), and existed from 1849 until 1994.
Geelong was the second municipality in Victoria behind Melbourne. It was established under the Geelong Incorporation Act (NSW) in October 1849, and proclaimed as a Town on 4 June 1858. On 8 December 1910, it was proclaimed a City.
On 18 May 1993, the City was abolished, and under the City of Greater Geelong Act 1993 merged into the City of Greater Geelong with the Cities of Geelong West and Newtown, the Rural City of Bellarine, the Shire of Corio, part of the City of South Barwon and parts of the Shires of Barrabool and Bannockburn.
The City of Geelong was divided into five wards, each of which elected three councillors:
The City consisted of two parts. The main section, which included Geelong City, Breakwater, East Geelong and South Geelong, was bounded by Corio Bay to the northeast, Barwon River to the southeast, Boundary Road to the east and La Trobe Terrace to the west.
wn.com/City_of_Geelong -
Coffs Harbour
Coffs Harbour is a coastal city located on the north coast of New South Wales about 540 km (340 mi) north of Sydney, 385 km (239 mi) north of Newcastle, and 440 km (270 mi) south of Brisbane. The region has a wintertime population of over 70,000 people that swells to 100,000 in the holiday seasons. Popular with people wanting to relocate from big cities to small towns on the coast or in rural areas, Coffs Harbour continues to grow at an exceptional rate, with a population projection of 80,000 by the year 2016.
According to the CSIRO, Coffs Harbour has the most liveable climate in Australia, and it is nestled between a high mountain backdrop and dozens of "unspoiled" beaches. Coffs Harbour's economy is based mainly on farming (of bananas), tourism, and manufacturing.
The city has a campus of Southern Cross University, a public and a private hospital, several radio stations, and three major shopping centres. Coffs Harbour is near numerous National Parks, including a Marine National Park. There are multiple regular passenger flights each day to Sydney, Brisbane and Port Macquarie. Coffs Harbour is also accessible by road, by Countrylink trains, and by regular bus services.
wn.com/Coffs_Harbour -
Corio Bay
Corio Bay is one of numerous bays in the southwest corner of Australia's Port Phillip, and is the bay on which abuts the City of Geelong. The nearby suburb of Corio takes its name from Corio Bay.
When Hamilton Hume and William Hovell arrived at the bay in 1824 they met with the local Wautharong people who referred to the bay as "Jillong" and the surround land "Corayo", but by the time the area was surveyed in the late 1830s the Aboriginal names had been swapped. The names "Corayo" and "Jillong" had since been Anglicised to "Corio" and "Geelong".
The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, and is the sixth largest port in Australia by tonnage.
Before the initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry prevented ships from entering the inner harbour. Ships were required to drop anchor in the bay, and cargo was brought into Geelong on small barges. At times it was possible to walk across the bay on the sandbar at low tide.
The first channel through the sandbar was started in 1853, providing less than 4 metres draught for ships. This channel was straightened out and dredged at a depth of 6 metres in the 1860s. In 1881 a new channel started that took 12 years to complete. It was named the Hopetoun Channel after Lord Hopetoun who opened it on December 20, 1893.
wn.com/Corio_Bay -
Croatia
Croatia (
i/kroʊˈeɪʃə/ kroh-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles) and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.29 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.
In the early 7th century the Croats arrived in area of present-day Croatia. They organised the state into two dukedoms by the 9th century. Tomislav became the first king by 925 AD, elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom. The Kingdom of Croatia retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries, reaching its peak during the rule of Kings Peter Krešimir IV and Dmitar Zvonimir. Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102. In 1527, faced with Ottoman conquest the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of the House of Habsburg to the Croatian throne. In 1918, after World War I, Croatia was included in the short-lived State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs that declared independence from Austria–Hungary and co-founded the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A Croatian state briefly existed during World War II as a fascist puppet state. After the war, Croatia became a founding member and a federal constituent of the Second Yugoslavia, a socialist state. In June 1991, Croatia declared independence, which came into effect on 8 October of the same year. The Croatian War of Independence was fought successfully during the four years following the declaration.
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Division of Corio
The Division of Corio is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. The division one of the original 75 divisions contested at the first federal election. It is named for Corio Bay. It has always been based on the city of Geelong, although in the past it has also included parts of the western suburbs of Melbourne. For most of its history it has been a marginal seat, but since the 1970s it has become fairly safe for the Australian Labor Party. It is currently Labor's safest non-metropolitan seat, with a 14-point swing required for the Liberals to win it.
Its most prominent members have been Richard Casey, a leading Cabinet member in the 1930s and later Governor-General, and Gordon Scholes, who was Speaker during the Whitlam government and a minister in the Hawke government. In 2007 the then sitting Labor member, Gavan O'Connor, lost preselection for the 2007 election to ACTU Assistant Secretary Richard Marles.
Coordinates: 37°59′49″S 144°22′52″E / 37.997°S 144.381°E / -37.997; 144.381
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Dubbo
Dubbo ( /ˈdʌboʊ/) is a city in the Orana Region of New South Wales, Australia. It is the largest population centre in the Orana region, with an estimated population of 31,007 and serves an estimated catchment of 130,000.
It is located at the intersection of the Mitchell, Newell and Golden highways. Dubbo is located approximately 275 m (902 ft) above sea level, 303 km (188 mi) north-west of the state capital Sydney (400 km/249 mi by road) and is a major road and rail freight hub to other parts of New South Wales. Dubbo is considered the cross-roads of New South Wales.[citation needed] It is linked by national highways north to Brisbane, south to Melbourne, east to Sydney and Newcastle, and west to Broken Hill and Adelaide.
Dubbo is included in the rainfall records and weather forecast region for the Central West Slopes and in the Central West Slopes and Plains division of the Bureau of Meteorology forecasts.
Evidence of habitation by Indigenous Australians dates back approximately 40,000 years.
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England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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Geelong
Geelong ( /dʒəˈlɒŋ/) is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia, 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the state capital; Melbourne. It is the second most populated city in Victoria and the fifth most populated non-capital city in Australia. The urban area runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with the bay to the east and hills to the west, an area with an estimated population of 160,991 people. It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality which covers the urban and surrounding areas and is home to over 191,000 people. An inhabitant of Geelong has been known as a Geelongite, or a Pivotonian, in the past.
Geelong was named in 1837 by Governor Richard Burke, with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Jillong, thought to mean 'land' or 'cliffs'. The area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne, and the Post Office was open by June 1840 (the second to open in the Port Phillip District). The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the wool industry of the Western District. During the gold rush Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district. The city then diversified into manufacturing and during the 1860s it became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills.
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Geelong Art Gallery
The Geelong Art Gallery is a major regional gallery in the city of Geelong in Victoria, Australia. The gallery has approximately 4,000 works of art in its collection. The gallery forms Geelong's Arts Precinct with the adjacent Geelong Performing Arts Centre, Geelong Heritage Centre, Geelong Courthouse centre, and the Geelong Library.
An art gallery for Geelong was first petitioned for in 1895 by members of the Geelong Progress League. In May 1900 permission was given for the Geelong Art Gallery Association to use three walls in the Geelong Town Hall to hang artwork on. Among the first acquisitions made was Frederick McCubbin's 1890 A Bush Burial which cost 100 guineas ($210 USD) at the time. The gallery was soon moved to the Free Library Building in Moorabool Street (between Malop and Corio Streets).
The current Geelong Gallery was officially opened in 1915, and was erected as a memorial to the late George M. Hitchcock. It was located beside Johnstone Park between the Town Hall and the former fire station (now the Geelong Regional Library). The initial building consisted of a portico and vestibule facing the park, and the G. M. Hitchcock Gallery.
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Geelong Hospital
The Geelong Hospital is an Australian public hospital located in Ryrie Street, Geelong, Victoria. The hospital is part of Barwon Health, Victoria's largest regional health care provider, which has 21 sites. It is the largest hospital in regional Victoria and the only tertiary hospital outside of the Melbourne Metropolitan area. The site is bounded by Ryrie, Bellarine, Myers, and Swanston Streets.
Originally opened as the Geelong Infirmary and Benevolent Asylum in 1852 on the Ryrie Street site, it treated 344 inpatients in its first year. By 1862 the number of patients treated had increased to 2450. By the 1890s the buildings were deeded obsolete, with proposals being made for the hospital's relocation to Eastern Park. This was blocked by the city council who objected to the loss of parkland.
By 1917 a public meeting was held calling for a new hospital, to be dedicated to the memory of Lord Kitchener. A building fund was set up, and work started in October 1922. The Geelong and District Kitchener Memorial Hospital as it was known opened on March 13, 1924. The original building consisted of a central administration block which remained until 2007, with wards branching off to each side. From 1927 the Gala Day festival in Geelong helped raise money for the hospital.
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Geelong Showgrounds
The Geelong Showgrounds in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, are the home of the Royal Geelong Show, an agricultural show held every year since 1855. The current showgrounds are located in the suburb of Breakwater.
The focus of the Royal Geelong Show is the display of rural industry, including livestock and produce, with associated competitions and awards. The show also features amusement rides, a sideshow alley, and showbags, carry bags full of goodies produced by various commercial enterprises.
The Geelong and Western District Agricultural and Horticultural Society was formed in February 1855. Their first showgrounds site was in East Geelong, south of Eastern Park, and was bounded by Ryrie, Garden, Myers and Normanby Streets. The second showgrounds opened in October 1891, on a new site that ran south from Ormond Road to St Albans Road. A 40 metre long wooden grandstand was provided on this side.
In 1907 the showgrounds were again moved, this time to the new Geelong Racecourse. April 14, 1907, saw the grandstand transported from the old site by Messrs McCoy and Son. Weighing 100 tonnes, it was moved as a whole by a traction engine across the Queenscliff railway line after being placed onto 52 large rollers. The stand remained at the current racecourse until at least the early 1990s.
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Geelong Town Hall
Geelong Town Hall is a civic building located on Gheringhap Street in central Geelong, Victoria. It was originally built for the City of Geelong, which became the City of Greater Geelong in 1993.
The land for the Town Hall was first acquired by the council in 1854. Two acres (0.8 hectares) in size, it was on the corner of Little Malop and Gheringhap Streets. A design competition was held, with 12 entries being received. The winning entry was submitted by a Melbourne architect, Joseph Reed.
The cost was estimated at 34,533 pounds ($69,066) and due to insufficient funding, it was decided to only build a single southern wing along Little Malop Street. The foundation stone was laid on April 9, 1855 by the then-Mayor Dr William Baylie. The wing was completed soon after.
The single southern wing remained alone until the early 1900s. Suggestions were made to move the Town Hall to another site, with a referendum being held in 1914 proposing the council move to the former Geelong Grammar building on Moorabool Street. This proposal was defeated, with the original design being completed, opening in June 1917. It remains today, with minor additions at the rear.
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Geraldton
Geraldton is a city and port in Western Australia located 424 kilometres (263 mi) north of Perth in the Mid West region. Geraldton has an estimated population at June 2010 of 36,958. Today, the city is an important centre for mining, fishing, wheat, sheep and tourism.
Though many European maritime explorers encountered or were even wrecked on the Houtman Abrolhos islands 60 kilometres (37 mi) west of Geraldton during the 17th and 18th centuries, there is no evidence that any made landfall near the site of the current town.[citation needed] The first European to explore the area was George Grey in 1839. A decade later, explorer Augustus Gregory travelled through the area. He discovered lead on the Murchison River; a mine was subsequently established and was named Geraldine, after the Governor Charles Fitzgerald. The town of Geraldton was gazetted in 1850.
The construction of the St Francis Xavier Catholic Cathedral started in 1916 but was not completed until 1938. The cathedral was designed by Monsignor John Hawes who was both an architect and a priest. The Moore Point Lighthouse was recently repainted and established as another cultural attraction of Geraldton.
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Gosford
Gosford is a city located on the Central Coast of New South Wales, Australia, approximately 76 km north of the Sydney central business district. The city is situated at the northern extremity of Brisbane Water, an extensive northern branch of the Hawkesbury River estuary and Broken Bay.
The city is the administrative centre of the Central Coast region, which is the third largest urban area in New South Wales after Sydney and Newcastle. Gosford is considered a major commercial centre of the Sydney Metropolitan Area, and has been designated as an important growth centre under the NSW Metropolitan Strategy. The city's population was 155,271 in the 2006 census.
Gosford is considered an exurb of the Sydney metropolitan area, with a significant proportion of the population commuting for work or study. This can be attributed to a lower cost of living, lack of employment and educational opportunities in the area, lifestyle factors and the development of strong transport links like the Sydney-Newcastle Freeway and Cityrail's Newcastle and Central Coast railway line. These factors have caused Gosford, and the wider Central Coast's population to grow rapidly in recent years.
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Great Ocean Road
The Great Ocean Road is an Australian National Heritage listed 243-kilometre (151 mi) stretch of road along the south-eastern coast of Australia between the Victorian cities of Torquay and Warrnambool. The road was built by returned soldiers between 1919 and 1932, and is the world's largest war memorial; dedicated to casualties of World War I. It is an important tourist attraction in the region, which winds through varying terrain alongside the coast, and provides access to several prominent landmarks; including the nationally significant Twelve Apostles limestone stack formations.
The Great Ocean Road, officially designated as the B100, begins at Torquay and travels 243 kilometres westward to finish at Allansford near Warrnambool, the largest city along the road. The road is two lane (one in each direction), with the majority covered by an 80 kilometre per hour speed limit.
The road is considered a tourist attraction in the area, in which much of the road hugs coastline affectionately known as the Shipwreck Coast, providing visibility of Bass Strait and the Southern Ocean. The road traverses rainforests, as well as beaches and cliffs composed of limestone and sandstone, which is susceptible to erosion. The road travels via Anglesea, Lorne, Apollo Bay, and Port Campbell, the latter being notable for its natural limestone and sandstone rock formations including Loch Ard Gorge, The Grotto, London Arch and The Twelve Apostles.
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Gympie
Gympie ( /ˈɡɪmpi/) is a regional town in the Wide Bay-Burnett region of Queensland, Australia. It is about 160 kilometres (100 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane. The city lies on the Mary River which has periodically caused flooding in the town. Gympie is the administrative centre for the Gympie Region area. At the 2006 census, Gympie had a population of 10,933.
Gympie is famous for its gold field. It contains a number of historic buildings registered on the Queensland Heritage Register.
Gympie's name derives from the Kabi (the language of a tribe of Indigenous Australians that historically lived in the region) word "gimpi-gimpi" (which means "stinging tree"), which referred to Dendrocnide moroides. The tree has large, round leaves that have similar properties to stinging nettles. The town was previously named "Nashville", after James Nash, who discovered gold in the area in 1867. The name was later changed to Gympie in 1868.
Originally settled for grazing purposes, the area became prominent when James Nash reported the discovery of 'payable' alluvial gold on 16 October 1867. At the time Queensland was suffering from a severe economic depression and the discovery probably saved the colony from bankruptcy. A memorial fountain was built in Gympie's Park in honour of Nash's discovery. This event is still celebrated today during the Gympie Gold Rush Festival, with 10 days of cultural events held in October.Gold mining still plays a role in the area's fortunes, along with agriculture (dairy predominantly), timber and tourism.
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Hervey Bay
Hervey Bay ( /ˈhɑrvi ˈbeɪ/) is a city in Queensland, Australia. The city is situated approximately 290 kilometres (180 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane, and lies on the coast of a natural bay between the Queensland mainland and nearby Fraser Island. The local economy relies on tourism, for which whale watching, Fraser Island and Lady Elliot Island and Hervey Bay's calm beaches are the major drawcards. Hervey Bay is an area of high population growth.
The first recorded sighting of Hervey Bay was made by James Cook while carrying out his running survey of the east coast of Australia, on the 22 May 1770. "By noon Cook's ship was in a position a little over half-way across the opening of Hervey Bay heading for Bundaberg. Cook named the bay "Hervey's Bay" after Augustus John Hervey (1724–1779), later Third Earl of Bristol, a naval officer who became a Lord of the Admiralty the year Endeavour returned".
Until around the mid 80's the area was serviced by a rail link from the Main North Coast line that diverted from Aldershot and went through Takura, Walligan, Nikenbah then on to Pialba and Urangan. The line was a major freight point for the Port of Maryborough and for the sugar cane industry until road transport assumed the role.
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Hobart
Hobart ( /ˈhoʊbɑrt/) is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Founded in 1804 as a penal colony, Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. In 2009, the city had a greater area population of approximately 212,019. A resident of Hobart is known as a "Hobartian". The city is located in the state's south-east on the estuary of the Derwent River. The skyline is dominated by Mount Wellington at 1,271 metres (4,170 ft) high. The city is the financial and administrative heart of Tasmania, also serving as the home port for both Australian and French Antarctic operations.
Hobart was named Australia's 6th most sustainable city, by the Australian Conservation Foundation in 2010. For economic and social innovation, Hobart was the 11th placed in Australia in 2009, and listed as an innovation influencer city in the Innovation Cities Global Index scoring equal with Reykjavik, Katowice and Casablanca by 2thinknow.
The first settlement began in 1803 as a penal colony at Risdon Cove on the eastern shores of the Derwent River, amid British concerns over the presence of French explorers. In 1804 it was moved to a better location at the present site of Hobart at Sullivans Cove. The city, initially known as Hobart Town or Hobarton, was named after Lord Hobart, the Colonial Secretary. The area's indigenous inhabitants were members of the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe. Violent conflict with the European settlers, and the effects of diseases brought by them, completely destroyed the aboriginal population, which was rapidly replaced by free settlers and the convict population. Charles Darwin visited Hobart Town in February 1836 as part of the Beagle expedition. He writes of Hobart and the Derwent estuary in his Voyage of the Beagle:
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Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
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Kalgoorlie
Coordinates: 30°44′56″S 121°27′58″E / 30.749°S 121.466°E / -30.749; 121.466
Kalgoorlie, known as Kalgoorlie-Boulder, is a town in the Goldfields-Esperance region of Western Australia, and is located 595 kilometres (370 mi) east-northeast of state capital Perth at the end of the Great Eastern Highway. The town was founded in 1893 during the Yilgarn-Goldfields gold rush, and is located close to the so-called "Golden Mile".
As at the 2006 census, it had a population of 28,250, making it the largest urban centre in the Goldfields-Esperance region and the fifth-largest in Western Australia.
The name Kalgoorlie is derived from the Wangai word Karlkurla, meaning "place of the silky pears".[citation needed]
In January 1893, prospectors Patrick (Paddy) Hannan, Tom Flanagan, and Dan O'Shea were travelling to Mount Youle when one of their horses cast a shoe. During the halt in their journey, the men noticed signs of gold in the area, and decided to stay put. On 17 June 1893, Hannan filed a Reward Claim, leading to hundreds of men swarming to the area in search of gold and Kalgoorlie, originally called Hannan's, was born.
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Mandurah
Coordinates: 32°31′44″S 115°43′23″E / 32.529°S 115.723°E / -32.529; 115.723
Mandurah ( /ˈmændʒʉrɑː/, /ˈmændʒrə/ or /ˈmændʉrə/) is the second-largest city in Western Australia and is located approximately 72 kilometres (45 mi) south of the state capital, Perth.
The city attracts a large number of tourists, including many international visitors.[citation needed] The city centre foreshore is home to a variety of wildlife including dolphins, pelicans, shags, and an abundance of marine life including the blue manna crab which has become synonymous with the area. The city is also known for its protected waterways, beaches and boating and fishing activities.[citation needed]
Mandurah has grown from isolated holiday communities along the shores of the Peel-Harvey Estuary to a major regional city in just over a decade, in a similar vein to the Gold Coast in Eastern Australia, in recent times forming a conurbation with nearby Rockingham and the capital Perth along the coast.
Mandurah has also become a popular lifestyle alternative for Perth retirees and its connection with the Perth CBD has been strengthened with the opening of the Perth-Mandurah railway line in December 2007 and a direct road connection to the Kwinana Freeway built by late 2010. A housing affordability survey of 227 cities in 2008 ranked it the least affordable city in Australia.
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Melbourne
Melbourne ([ˈmelbən, -bn̩, ˈmæl-],rhotically /ˈmɛlbərn/) is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2010, the greater geographical area had an approximate population of four million. Inhabitants of Melbourne are called Melburnians or Melbournians.
The metropolis is located on the large natural bay known as Port Phillip, with the city centre positioned at the estuary of the Yarra River (at the northernmost point of the bay). The metropolitan area then extends south from the city centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterland. The city centre is situated in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and the metropolitan area consists of a further 30 municipalities.
Melbourne was founded in 1835 (47 years after the European settlement of Australia) by settlers from Launceston in Van Diemen's Land. It was named by governor Richard Bourke in 1837, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb—the 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Melbourne was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847. In 1851, it became the capital city of the newly created colony of Victoria. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it then served as the interim seat of government of the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.
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Melbourne Cup
The Melbourne Cup is Australia's major Thoroughbred horse race. Marketed as "the race that stops a nation", it is a 3,200 metre race for three-year-olds and over. It is the richest "two-mile" handicap in the world, and one of the richest turf races. Conducted by the Victoria Racing Club on the Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, the event starts at 3pm (daylight saving time) the first Tuesday in November.
The race has been held since 1861 (see list of Melbourne Cup winners) and was originally held over two miles (about 3,218 metres) but following preparation for Australia's adoption of the metric system in the 1970s, the current race distance of 3,200 metres was established in 1972. This reduced the distance by 18.688 metres (61.31 ft), and Rain Lover's 1968 race record of 3min.19.1sec was accordingly adjusted to 3min.17.9sec. The present record holder is the 1990 winner Kingston Rule with a time of 3min 16.3sec.
The race is a quality handicap for horses 3 years old and over, run over a distance of 3,200 metres, on the first Tuesday in November at Flemington Racecourse. The minimum handicap weight is 49 kg. There is no maximum weight, but the top allocated weight must not be less than 57 kg. The weight allocated to each horse is declared by the VRC Handicapper in early September.
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Mildura
Mildura is a regional city in northwestern Victoria, Australia and seat of the Rural City of Mildura local government area. It is located in the Sunraysia region, and is on the banks of the Murray River. The current population is estimated at just over 30,000 in 2009.
Mildura is a major agricultural centre notable for its grape production, supplying 80% of Victoria's grapes. Many wineries also source grapes from Mildura.
Its name is taken from the Mildura homestead, an early sheep station which covered most of the area.
Mildura has a long history of Orange farming.
There are several theories as to the origin of the name Mildura. While it was the name of the sheep station, without precedent in the English language, most historians believe it to have originated from Indigenous Australian words. However the etymology of Mildura is not entirely certain as in several of the local dialects the words have different meanings. The word "dura" is generally thought to mean "earth", "sand" or "rock", at least in Latje Latje language. However, usage of the word 'mill' can vary in dialect and is used to mean "red" or "water", and thus, interpretations of the name can vary from "red earth" to "water rock".
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Mornington Peninsula
The Mornington Peninsula is a peninsula located south-east of Melbourne in Victoria, Australia. It is surrounded by Port Phillip to the west, Western Port to the east and Bass Strait to the south, and is connected to the mainland in the north. Geographically, the peninsula begins its protrusion from the mainland in the area between Pearcedale and Frankston. The area was originally home to the Mayone-bulluk clan and formed part of the Boonwurrung nation's territory prior to European settlement.
Much of the peninsula has been cleared for agriculture and settlements. However, small areas of the native ecology remain in the peninsula's south and west, some of which is protected by the Mornington Peninsula National Park. Around 135,000 people live on the peninsula, most in the small towns on its western shorelines which are sometimes regarded as outlying suburbs of greater Melbourne. During the summer months, the population can swell to around 250,000 people.
The peninsula is primarily a local tourist region, with popular natural attractions such as the variety of beaches both sheltered and open-sea and many scenic sights and views. Other popular attractions include the various wineries, mazes and the diverse array of water sports made available by the diversity of beaches and calm waters of Port Phillip and Western Port. Most visitors to the peninsula are residents of Melbourne who camp, rent villas and share houses or stay in private beach houses. It is known simply as "The Peninsula" to locals and Melburnians alike, giving rise to the expression "going down the peninsula".
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Mount Isa
Mount Isa is a city in the Gulf Country region of Queensland, Australia. It came into existence because of the vast mineral deposits found in the area. Mount Isa Mines (MIM) is one of the most productive single mines in world history, based on combined production of lead, silver, copper and zinc.
With a population of 18,857 recorded at the 2006 census and 31,000 in the surrounding district, Mount Isa is the administrative, commercial and industrial centre for the state's vast north-western region. Although situated in an arid area, the artificial Lake Moondarra 19 km north of the city on the Leichhardt River provides both drinking water and an area for watersports, birdwatching and recreation. Locals often refer to Mount Isa as "The Isa".
The land around the present day city of Mount Isa was home to the Kalkadoon aboriginal tribe. The Kalkadoon tribe led a subsistence lifestyle on this land that the white settlers looked at as nothing but poor grazing land, with the odd mineral deposit. As settlers and prospectors pressed further into their lands the Kalkadoon tribe members set out on one of Australia's most successful guerrilla wars in a fight for their lands. Their success continued until at Battle Mountain in 1884, with what some historians have called call a rush of blood, the tribe attacked a fortified position in large numbers and suffered terrible losses. The weakened state of the tribe made their land more vulnerable to the settlers and soon much of the land was lost. Armed patrols chasing the surviving tribe members and poor grazing lands for the settlers made times hard in the area over the following decades.
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National Wool Museum
Geelong ( /dʒəˈlɒŋ/) is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia, 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the state capital; Melbourne. It is the second most populated city in Victoria and the fifth most populated non-capital city in Australia. The urban area runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with the bay to the east and hills to the west, an area with an estimated population of 160,991 people. It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality which covers the urban and surrounding areas and is home to over 191,000 people. An inhabitant of Geelong has been known as a Geelongite, or a Pivotonian, in the past.
Geelong was named in 1837 by Governor Richard Burke, with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Jillong, thought to mean 'land' or 'cliffs'. The area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne, and the Post Office was open by June 1840 (the second to open in the Port Phillip District). The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the wool industry of the Western District. During the gold rush Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district. The city then diversified into manufacturing and during the 1860s it became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (
i/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] (
listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
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New South Wales
Coordinates: 32°0′S 147°0′E / 32°S 147°E / -32; 147
New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state of Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales encompasses the whole of the Australian Capital Territory. The state capital is Sydney, which is also the state's most populous city. As of June 2010[update], the estimated population was 7,238,819, which was 34.5% of the population of Australia, making it Australia's most populous state. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen.
The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 and originally comprised much of the Australian mainland, as well as Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island, in addition to the area currently referred to as the state of New South Wales, which was formed during Federation in 1901. New Zealand briefly became a part of New South Wales when it was annexed by Britain in 1840. During the 19th century, large areas were successively separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania (established as a separate colony named Van Diemen's Land in 1825), South Australia (1836), Victoria (1851) and Queensland (1859).
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Northern Territory
Coordinates: 20°0′S 133°0′E / 20°S 133°E / -20; 133
The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east).
To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area—over 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902 sq mi), making it the third largest Australian federal division—it is sparsely populated. With a population of 229,675 it is the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories.
The archeological history of the Northern Territory begins over 40,000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region. Makassan traders began trading with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory for trepang from at least the 18th century onwards, and very likely for 300 years prior to that.
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Offshore Festival
The Offshore Festival was a camp-out rock and alternative music festival[citation needed] held during Easter at a farm near Torquay, Victoria, Australia in the late 1990s, 2000 and 2001. It was run by the same organisers as the Falls Festival, held at nearby Lorne on New Year's Eve. It interlinked with the major Rip Curl Pro surfing event, held at nearby Bells Beach. The policy reason behind starting the festival was to keep the youth entertained and off the streets of Torquay while the contest was on. Ticketholders had free admission to the Pro, significantly boosting its attendance.
The festival reached its peak in 2000, when it sold a capacity of 20,000 tickets. However, it was plagued by a small group of local residents who campaigned vociferously against the festival. When some of their demands, such as turning the music off at midnight, went unheeded, they began taking legal avenues. This resulted in the festival's inability to obtain a liquor license in 2001, and marked the end of their reign in Torquay. They moved the event to the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds (home of the Big Day Out) the following year, but the event was not successful, drawing a crowd of only 10,000.
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Pako Festa
Pako Festa is an annual festival held in Pakington Street, Geelong West each year around late February. The festival is held to promote cultural diversity and show appreciation for the artwork and fashion designed by citizens of the Geelong area.
The first festival was held in 1983, and currently attracts the participation of around 30 cultural community groups, up to 60 community groups and a total attendance in excess of 100,000 people. It is the largest multicultural festival in Victoria.
The Pako Festa is great for helping the community to come together. By community I mean the whole of Geelong and further. Its a great family event thats free just to roam around.
http://www.pakofesta.com.au/
Coordinates: 38°8′28″S 144°20′54″E / 38.14111°S 144.34833°E / -38.14111; 144.34833
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Point Henry smelter
The Point Henry aluminium smelter is located near Geelong, Victoria in the suburb of Moolap. The smelter has a production capacity of 185,000 tonnes of aluminium a year. It is operated by Alcoa World Alumina and Chemicals Australia, a joint venture between Alcoa (60%) and Alumina Limited (39.25%).Alumina is brought in by ship and unloaded at a dedicated pier, and approximately half of this finished aluminium is sold to the neighbouring Alcoa Australia Rolled Products plant, where aluminium is rolled into sheet for can manufacture. The remainder of the aluminium is despatched by road as ingots. Around 1000 people are employed at the Point Henry plant.
Construction of the smelter at Point Henry commenced in 1960 by the Cavalier Construction Company. Smelting commenced in 1962, with full production commencing on 4 April 1963. The initial electricity supply to the smelter was a 220 kV transmission lines from the Geelong Terminal Station direct to the smelter. When production started, the maximum power demand of the smelter was 39.76 MW. By June 1964 it was 68.38 MW, and by October 1964 76.6 MW - more than the entire Geelong region's demand. November 1965 it was 78.88 MW, February 1967 79.84 MW, and 140 MW by 1969. On 20 March 1969 Alcoa's own brown coal fired Anglesea Power Station was brought on line. Of 150 MW capacity, the power station is connected to the smelter by around 30 km of high voltage transmission lines, and is used to augment the supply from the Victorian electrical grid.
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Port Lincoln
Port Lincoln is a city in the Australian state of South Australia. It is a coastal city situated on Boston Bay at the southern extremity of the Eyre Peninsula. It is the largest city in the West Coast region, and is located approximately 280 kilometres (straight line - 646 km by road) from the capital city Adelaide.
Eyre Peninsula has been home to Aboriginal people for thousands of years, with the Nauo (south western Eyre), Barngarla (eastern Eyre), Wirangu (north western Eyre) and Mirning (far western Eyre) being the predominant original cultural groups present at the time of the arrival of Europeans (Tindale 1974 in DEH 2004a; SATC 1999)
British naval explorer Matthew Flinders discovered the harbour in February 1802. Because of its particularly good harbour, he named it Port Lincoln rather than just Lincoln, where Flinders came from.
It is thought that only the lack of a reliable nearby water supply stopped Port Lincoln becoming the state capital of the future South Australia.[citation needed]. Even as a small town, Port Lincoln outgrew its fresh water supplies, which is now supplied mostly from the underground aquifers to the south of Port Lincoln although recently the great water supply system on Eyre Peninsula has been connected to Murray water via the addition of a link from Kimba to Whyalla to connect into the Morgan to Whyalla pipeline water Morgan.
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Port of Geelong
The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. The port is the sixth-largest in Australia by tonnage.
Major commodities handled by the port include crude oil and petroleum products, export grain and woodchips, alumina imports, and fertiliser. Major port industries include Alcoa's Point Henry smelter, AWB Limited's grain elevator, and Shell Australia's Corio oil refinery.
The Port of Geelong handled $5.6 billion worth of bulk cargo in 2004-05, made up of 12 million tonnes of cargo from 543 ship visits.
Before the initial settlement of Geelong, a sandbar across the bay from Point Lillias to Point Henry prevented ships from entering the inner harbour. Ships were required to drop anchor in the bay, and cargo was brought into Geelong on small barges. At times it was possible to walk across the bay on the sandbar at low tide.
The first channel through the sandbar was started in 1853, providing less than 4 metres draught for ships. This channel was straightened out and dredged at a depth of 6 metres in the 1860s. In 1881 a new channel started that took 12 years to complete. It was named the Hopetoun Channel after Lord Hopetoun who opened it on December 20, 1893.
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Port Pirie
Port Pirie (post code: 5540) (33°11′9″S 138°1′1″E / 33.18583°S 138.01694°E / -33.18583; 138.01694) is the sixth most populous city in South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, Whyalla, Murray Bridge and Port Augusta. It is a seaport located on the east coast of the Spencer Gulf, 224 km (139 mi) north of Adelaide.
The settlement was founded in 1845 and is the site of the world's largest lead smelter, operated by Nyrstar. It also produces refined silver, zinc, copper and gold.
Prior to European settlement, the location that became Port Pirie was occupied by the indigenous tribe of Nukunu. The location was called 'Tarparrie', which is suspected to mean "Muddy Creek". The first European to see the location was Matthew Flinders in 1802 as he explored the Spencer Gulf by boat. The first land discovery by settlers of the location was by the explorer Edward Eyre who explored regions around Port Augusta. John Horrocks also discovered a pass through the Flinders Ranges to the coast, now named Horrocks Pass.
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Queanbeyan
Queanbeyan (pronounced /ˈkwiːnbiən/) is a regional centre in the Southern Tablelands in south-eastern New South Wales adjacent to the Australian Capital Territory. The city's mixed economy is based on light construction, high technology, manufacturing, service, retail and agriculture. It is the council seat of the Queanbeyan City Council. In 2006, Queanbeyan had a population of 34,084 people.
Following the founding of Canberra, Australia's federal capital, just 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west, Queanbeyan has become an integral part of the capital city's economy. The word Queanbeyan is the anglicised form of 'Quinbean' - an Aboriginal word meaning "clear waters".
The town grew from a squattage held by ex-convict and inn keeper, Timothy Beard, on the banks of the Molonglo River in what is now Oaks Estate. The town centre of Queanbeyan is located on the Queanbeyan River, a tributary of the Molonglo River and about one mile east of Oaks Estate.
Queanbeyan was officially proclaimed a township in 1838 when the population was about 50. The local parish was also known by that name and later still the member for the electorate of Queanbeyan held a seat in the legislative assembly of the colony of NSW. On 28 November 1837 the Colonial Secretary announced the appointment of Captain Alured Tasker Faunce as resident police magistrate at Queanbeyan. His homestead, called Dodsworth, was situated on the banks of the Queanbeyan river opposite the town.
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Queensland
Coordinates: 23°0′S 143°0′E / 23°S 143°E / -23; 143 Queensland is the second-largest and third-most populous state of Australia, located in the northeast of the country. It is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, southwest and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. Queensland has a population of 4,580,700, concentrated along the coast and particularly in the state's South East. The state is the world's sixth largest subnational entity, with an area of 1,852,642 km2. The capital and largest city in the state is Brisbane, Australia's third largest city. Referred to as the 'Sunshine State', Queensland is home to 10 of Australia's 30 largest cities and is the nation's third largest economy.
Queensland was first occupied by Indigenous Australians and Torres Strait Islanders, who arrived at least 40,000 years ago. The first European to land in Queensland was Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon in 1607. In 1770, Lieutenant James Cook claimed the east coast of Australia for the Kingdom of Great Britain. The colony of New South Wales was founded in 1788 by Governor Arthur Phillip at Sydney; New South Wales at that time included all of what is now Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania. Queensland was explored in subsequent decades until the establishment of a penal colony at Brisbane in 1824 by John Oxley. Penal transportation ceased in 1839 and free settlement permitted in 1842. Queensland was separated from New South Wales, forming a self-governing colony, on 6 June 1859, a date now celebrated state-wide as Queensland Day. Queensland achieved statehood with the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901.
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Rockhampton
Rockhampton is a city and local government area in Queensland, Australia. The city lies on the Fitzroy River, approximately 40 kilometres (25 mi) from the river mouth, and some 600 kilometres (370 mi) north of the state capital, Brisbane.
The 2006 census recorded the Rockhampton Statistical Subdivision to have a population of 74,530 people. Rockhampton hosts a significant number of governmental, community and major business administrative offices for the central part of the state.
Rockhampton experiences over 300 days of sunshine each year, which lends itself to tourism activities all year round and an abundance of outdoor activities. Popular attractions include Riverbank Parklands, a riverfront parkland attraction located on the banks of Fitzroy River; the Capricorn Coast, the coastal strip between Yeppoon and Emu Park and Great Keppel Island, a large neighbouring island off the Capricorn Coast, the vast majority of which is national park.
The Rockhampton district is the traditional home of the Darumbal Aboriginal people.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Shepparton
Shepparton ( /ˈʃɛpərtən/) is a city located on the floodplain of the Goulburn River in the north east of Victoria, Australia, approximately 181 kilometres (112 mi) north-east of Melbourne. The City of Greater Shepparton is the fifth largest within Victoria with an estimated population of 50,373.
It began as a sheep station and river crossing before undergoing a major transformation as a railway town. Today it is an agricultural and manufacturing centre and the centre of the Goulburn Valley irrigation system, one of the largest centres of irrigation in Australia. It is a major regional service city and is the civic administration centre for the City of Greater Shepparton. The Greater Shepparton area includes surrounding centres of Tatura, Merrigum, Mooroopna, Murchison, Dookie, and Grahamvale.
Shepparton is the tenth most populated inland city of Australia, after Canberra, Toowoomba, Launceston, Albury-Wodonga, Ballarat, Bendigo, the Latrobe Valley, Wagga Wagga and Mildura.
The name of Shepparton is derived from the surname of the town's first settler Sherbourne Sheppard.
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South Australia
Coordinates: 30°0′S 135°0′E / 30°S 135°E / -30; 135
South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state of Australia, located in the southern central part of the country. It covers some of the most arid parts of the continent; with a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres (379,725 sq mi), it is the fourth largest of Australia's six states and two territories.
South Australia shares borders with all of the mainland states and the Northern Territory. It is bordered to the west by Western Australia, to the north by the Northern Territory, to the north-east by Queensland, to the east by New South Wales, to the south-east by Victoria, and to the south by the Great Australian Bight and the Indian Ocean. With over 1.6 million people, the state comprises less than 8% of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the states and territories. The majority of its people reside in the state capital, Adelaide, with most of the remainder settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray. The state's origins are unique in Australia as a freely settled, planned British province, rather than as a convict settlement. Official settlement began on 28 December 1836, when the colony was proclaimed at The Old Gum Tree by Governor John Hindmarsh.
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Sydney
Sydney ( /sɪdni/) is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is classified as an Alpha+ World City indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world.
Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people. Inhabitants of Sydney are called Sydneysiders, comprising a cosmopolitan and international population.
The site of the first British colony in Australia, Sydney was established in 1788 at Sydney Cove by Arthur Phillip, commodore of the First Fleet as a penal colony. The city is built on hills surrounding Port Jackson which is commonly known as Sydney Harbour, where the iconic Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge feature prominently. The hinterland of the metropolitan area is surrounded by national parks, and the coastal regions feature many bays, rivers, inlets and beaches including the famous Bondi Beach and Manly Beach. Within the city are many notable parks, including Hyde Park and the Royal Botanic Gardens.
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Toowoomba
Toowoomba (nicknamed 'The Garden City') is a city in Southern Queensland, Australia. It is located 127 km (79 mi) west of Queensland's capital city, Brisbane. With an estimated district population of 131,258, Toowoomba is Australia's second largest inland city and its largest non-capital inland city.
A university and cathedral city, Toowoomba hosts the Australian Carnival of Flowers each September, and Easterfest is held annually over the Easter weekend. There are more than 150 public parks and gardens in Toowoomba. It has developed into a regional centre for business and government services.
Toowoomba's colonial history traces back to 1816 when English botanist and explorer Allan Cunningham arrived in Australia from Brazil and in June 1827 discovered 4 million acres (16,000 km²) of rich farming and grazing land, which became known as the Darling Downs, bordered on the east by the Great Dividing Range and situated 100 miles (160 km) west of the settlement of Moreton Bay. Thirteen years later when George and Patrick Leslie established Toolburra Station 56 miles (90 km) south-west of Toowoomba the first settlers arrived on the Downs and established a township of bark-slab shops called The Springs which was soon renamed Drayton. Land for the town was first surveyed in 1849, then again in 1853.
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Torquay
Coordinates: 50°28′45″N 3°31′50″W / 50.4792°N 3.5305°W / 50.4792; -3.5305
Torquay ( /tɔrˈkiː/) is a town in the unitary authority area of Torbay and ceremonial county of Devon, England. It lies 22 miles (35 km) south of Exeter along the A380 on the north of Torbay, 38 miles (61 km) north-east of Plymouth and adjoins the neighbouring town of Paignton on the west of the bay. Torquay’s population of 63,998 during the 2001 UK Census made it the third largest settlement in Devon. If the Torbay area, of which Torquay forms a third, were to be recognised as a city, it would rank as the 45th largest city in the United Kingdom with a population only slightly less than that of Brighton, which was granted city status in 2000. During the peak summer season the resort's population swells to around 200,000.
The town's economy was initially based upon fishing and agriculture as in the case of Brixham across Torbay, but in the early 19th century the town began to develop into a fashionable seaside resort, initially frequented by members of the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars while the Royal Navy anchored in the bay and later by the crème de la crème of Victorian society as the town's fame spread. Renowned for its healthful climate, the town earned the nickname of the English Riviera and favourable comparisons to Montpellier.
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Townsville
Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Australia, in the state of Queensland. Adjacent to the central section of the Great Barrier Reef, it is in the dry tropics region of Queensland. Townsville is Australia's largest urban centre north of the Sunshine Coast, with a 2006 census population of 143,328, and a 2009–2010 estimated population of 185,768. Considered the unofficial capital of North Queensland, Townsville hosts a significant number of governmental, community and major business administrative offices for the northern half of the state.
Popular attractions include "The Strand", a long tropical beach and garden strip; Riverway, a riverfront parkland attraction located on the banks of Ross River; Reef HQ, a large tropical aquarium holding many of the Great Barrier Reef's native flora and fauna; the Museum of Tropical Queensland, built around a display of relics from the sunken British warship HMS Pandora; The Townsville Sports Reserve, birthplace of "The Diggers/D&G"; and Magnetic Island, a large neighbouring island, the vast majority of which is national park.
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Traralgon
Traralgon is a regional city located in the Latrobe Valley in the Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. Traralgon is a city within the City of Latrobe.
The origin of the name Traralgon is uncertain. It is popularly believed to be derived from words from the Gunai language: tarra meaning "river" and algon meaning "little fish". However, these words are not reflected in modern linguists' knowledge of the Gunai language, where, for example, the word for river is wun wun or wurn wurn.
The Gippsland region was originally inhabited by the indigenous Gunai people for a period in excess of 2,000 years.[citation needed]
The area around Traralgon was first settled by Europeans in the 1840s soon after being explored by Count Paweł Strzelecki on his return from the Snowy Mountains where he named Australia's highest peak, Mount Kosciuszko. Due to the Latrobe Valley having relatively high rainfall, the land is very fertile, and farming was quickly established. As with much of central and western Gippsland, this was mainly dairy farming.
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View of Geelong
View Of Geelong is an 1856 oil painting on canvas by Eugene von Guerard. The painting is currently owned by the City of Greater Geelong after being purchased from English composer Andrew Lloyd Webber for $3.8M. The purchase is the second highest ever for an Australian work of art, with the top being $5.3M paid by the National Gallery of Australia for a portrait of Captain James Cook by John Webber. [1]
Lloyd Webber paid $1.98 million in 1997. [2]
In 1996, the painting was loaned to the Geelong Art Gallery, where it proved popular .
In 2005, Lloyd Webber offered the painting for sale via auction house Christie's of London, giving the City of Greater Geelong first right of refusal. On July 7, 2006, the City of Greater Geelong purchased the painting for permanent display in the Geelong Art Gallery, after being offered $1.5 million from the Victorian state government and the remainder being sought via a community fundraising appeal.
Coordinates: 38°08′50.42″S 144°21′26.60″E / 38.1473389°S 144.357389°E / -38.1473389; 144.357389
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Wagga Wagga
Wagga Wagga ( /ˈwɒɡəˈwɒɡə/WOG-ə WOG-ə; informally called Wagga) is a city in New South Wales, Australia. Straddling the Murrumbidgee River, and with an urban population of 46,735 people, Wagga Wagga is the state's largest inland city, as well as an important agricultural, military, and transport hub of Australia. The city is located midway between the two largest cities in Australia, Sydney and Melbourne, and is the major regional centre for the Riverina and South West Slopes regions.
The central business district is focused around the commercial and recreational grid bounded by Best and Tarcutta Streets and the Murrumbidgee River and the Sturt Highway. The main shopping street of Wagga is Baylis Street which becomes Fitzmaurice Street at the northern end. The city is located in an alluvial valley and much of the city has a problem with urban salinity.
The original inhabitants of the Wagga Wagga region were the Wiradjuri people. In 1829, Charles Sturt became the first European explorer to visit the future site of the city. Squatters arrived soon after, leading to conflict with the indigenous inhabitants. The town, positioned on the site of a ford across the Murrumbidgee, was surveyed and gazetted as a village in 1849 and the town grew quickly after. In 1870, the town was gazetted as a municipality.
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Wangaratta
Wangaratta ( /wæŋɡəˈrætə/) is a cathedral city of almost 17,000 people in the northeast of Victoria, Australia, about 230 km (140 mi) from Melbourne along the Hume Highway, with Benalla 45 km (28 mi) to the southwest, and Albury-Wodonga 72 km (45 mi) to the northeast. It is located at the junction of the Ovens and King rivers which flow from the Victorian Alps. It the administrative centre and most populous city in the Rural City of Wangaratta local government area.
Historically, there was disagreement about whether the first syllable should be pronounced "Wong" or "Wang". The "Wong" pronunciation was never used by a majority of the population, and never received any wide currency outside the district. It was officially disavowed by the Wangaratta City Council's declaration in favour of the "Wang" pronunciation in the 1980s. Some locals, particularly the elderly, continue to use the "Wong" pronunciation.
The city's name may be informally abbreviated to "Wang", analogously to "Shep" (Shepparton), "Yack" (Yackandandah) and "Yarra" (Yarrawonga).
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Warrnambool
Warrnambool is a regional city located on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia in the City of Warrnambool Local Government Area. The city has a population of 33,922. It is situated on the Princes Highway and is near the western end of the Great Ocean Road.
The word Warrnambool originates from the local Indigenous Australians name for a nearby volcanic cone. It is interpreted to mean many things including land between two rivers, two swamps or ample water.[citation needed]
A popular legend is that the first Europeans to discover Warrnambool were Cristóvão de Mendonça and his crew who surveyed the coastline nearby and were marooned near the site of the present town as early as the 16th century, based on the unverified reports of local whaler's discovery of the wreck of a mahogany ship. The ship's provenance has been variously attributed to France, China, Spain and Portugal. There is no physical evidence to suggest that the Mahogany Ship existed.
The Lady Nelson under Lieutenant James Grant sailed along the coast in December 1800 and named several features, followed by Matthew Flinders in the Investigator and French explorer Nicholas Baudin, who recorded coastal landmarks, in 1802. The area was frequented by whalers early in the 19th century.
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Western Australia
Coordinates: 26°0′S 121°0′E / 26°S 121°E / -26; 121
Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state and the second-largest subnational entity in the world. The state has approximately 2.3 million inhabitants (around 10% of the national total), the majority of whom live in the south-west corner of the state.
The first European to visit Western Australia was the Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog, who visited the Western Australian coast in 1616. The British established a military outpost at King George Sound, near present-day Albany, in 1826, which was followed by the establishment of the Swan River Colony in 1829, including the townsite of the present-day capital, Perth.
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Whyalla
Whyalla is the third most populous city in the Australian state of South Australia after Adelaide and Mount Gambier. It is a seaport located on the east coast of the Eyre Peninsula.
It was founded as Hummock's Hill in 1901 by the Broken Hill Proprietary Company (BHP) as the end of a tramway bringing iron ore from the Middleback Ranges to be used in the lead smelters at Port Pirie as flux. A jetty was built to transfer the ore. The settlement consisted of small cottages and tents clustered around the base of the hill. The Post Office opened in 1901 as Hummock's Hill and was renamed Whyalla on 1 November 1919.
The arid environment and lack of natural fresh water resources made it necessary to import water in barges from Port Pirie.
In 1905 the town's first school opened. It was originally called Hummock Hill School, and was subsequently renamed as Whyalla Primary School and Whyalla Higher Primary School. The school's current name is Whyalla Town Primary School.
On 16 April 1920 the town was proclaimed as Whyalla. The ore conveyor on the jetty was improved and ore began to be shipped to the newly built Newcastle, New South Wales steelworks. The town grew slowly until 1938.
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Wollongong
Wollongong ( /ˈwʊləŋɡɒŋ/ WUUL-ləng-gong) is a seaside city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. It lies on the narrow coastal strip between the Illawarra Escarpment and the Pacific Ocean, 82 kilometres (51 mi) south of Sydney. Wollongong Statistical District has a population of 292,190, making Wollongong the third largest city in New South Wales after Sydney and Newcastle, and the ninth largest city in Australia.
The Wollongong metropolitan area extends from Scarborough in the north to Shellharbour in the south. It sits within the Wollongong Statistical District, which covers the local authority areas of Wollongong, Shellharbour and Kiama, extending from the town of Helensburgh in the north to Gerroa in the south Geologically, the city is located in the south-eastern part of the Sydney basin, which extends from Newcastle to Nowra.
Wollongong is noted for its heavy industry, its port activity and the quality of its physical setting, occupying a narrow coastal plain between an almost continuous chain of surf beaches and the cliffline of the rainforest-covered Illawarra escarpment. It has two cathedrals, churches of many denominations and the Nan Tien Temple, one of the largest Buddhist temples in the southern hemisphere. Wollongong has a long history of coalmining and industry. The city attracts many tourists each year, and is a regional centre for the South Coast fishing industry. The University of Wollongong has around 22,000 students and is internationally recognised.
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Arthur Phillip
Admiral Arthur Phillip RN (11 October 1738 – 31 August 1814) was the first Governor of New South Wales, and founder of the settlement which became Sydney.
After much experience at sea, including command of a ship that was saved in a storm by convicts, Phillip sailed with the First Fleet, as Governor-designate of the proposed British penal colony of New South Wales. In February 1788, he selected its location to be Port Jackson (now Sydney Harbour).
Phillip was a far-sighted governor, who soon saw that New South Wales would need a civil administration and a system for emancipating the convicts. But his plan to bring skilled tradesmen on the voyage had been rejected, and he faced immense problems of labour, discipline and supply. Also his friendly attitude towards the aborigines was sorely tested when they killed his gamekeeper, and he was not able to assert a clear policy about them.
The arrival of the Second and Third Fleets placed new pressures on the scarce local resources, but by the time Phillip sailed home in December 1792, the colony was taking shape, with official land-grants and systematic farming and water-supply.
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Barry Crocker
Barry Hugh Crocker OAM (born 4 November 1935, in Geelong, Victoria,Australia) is a popular Australian singer, with a crooning vocal style.
After undergoing National Service with the RAAF in 1955, Crocker toured with a theatre group and did the club circuit in Melbourne, followed by a partnership with David Clark (aka Dave Nelson), and performed in England and the United States. He returned to Australia to star in a TV musical comedy show called 66 And All That, which became The Barry Crocker Show (1966–67) on Network Ten.
Barry went on to become the presenter and leading performer on The Sound Of Music TV series, which earned him a Gold Logie in 1970 as Australia's top (male) TV personality. His singing talents eventually earned him over 30 gold records.
Barry made his acting debut on a 1969 episode of Skippy the Bush Kangaroo.
In May 1973 he released the album "Music Makes My Day", featuring an updated version of Robin Luke's "Susie Darlin" on the Festival label. The recording featured Olivia Newton-John and Pat Carroll on backup vocals and enjoyed chart success, reaching Number 25 in Sydney, Number 7 in Melbourne, Number 3 in Brisbane and Adelaide.
wn.com/Barry_Crocker -
Charles Grimes
Charles Grimes (24 February 1772 – 19 February 1858) was an English-born surveyor who did some valuable work in colonial Australia. He served as surveyor-general of New South Wales and discovered the Yarra River in what is now the state of Victoria. He is perhaps best known for being the surveyor who mapped the route of the Hobart Road, Tasmania's main north-south arterial route. Much of the modern Midland Highway still follows the route that he planned.
Grimes was born in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, England, son of Joseph Grimes, a laceman, and his wife Esther. Towards the end of 1790 Grimes was appointed deputy surveyor of roads in New South Wales and allocated work at Norfolk Island. Grimes did not arrive at Sydney until 21 September 1791 on the Gorgon. From there he went to Norfolk Island. Soon after his arrival on 4 November 1791, Governor King appointed him deputy surveyor-general of New South Wales.
At Norfolk Island he was employed correcting a previous survey which had been made without proper instruments, and he also undertook some of the administrative work. Grimes returned to Sydney in April 1794 and with the surveyor-general Augustus Alt being in bad health, he was required to take over most of Alt's work. In February 1795 (or 1796) he spent approximately one week at Port Stephens and reported unfavourably on the locality.
wn.com/Charles_Grimes -
Charles La Trobe
Charles Joseph La Trobe (20 March 1801 – 4 December 1875) was the first lieutenant-governor of the colony of Victoria (now a state of Australia).
La Trobe was born in London, the son of Christian Ignatius Latrobe, a family of Huguenot origin. He was educated in England and later spent time in Switzerland and was active in mountaineering; he made a number of ascents in the Alps 1824-1826. In 1832 he visited the United States along with Count Albert Pourtales, and in 1834 travelled from New Orleans to Mexico with Washington Irving. La Trobe published several travel books describing his experiences: The Alpenstock (1829), The Pedestrian (1832), The Rambler in North America (1835), and The Rambler in Mexico (1836).
wn.com/Charles_La_Trobe -
Croats
Croats (Croatian: Hrvati) are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have migrated throughout the world, and established a notable Croatian diaspora. Large Croat communities exists in The United States, Chile, Argentina, Germany, Austria, Australia, Peru, Canada, Serbia, New Zealand and South Africa. Croats are noted for their culture, which has been influenced by a number of other neighbouring cultures through the ages. The strongest influences came from Central Europe and the Mediterranean where, at the same time, Croats have made their own contribution. The Croats are predominantly Catholic with minor groups of Protestants, Muslims, Orthodox, Jews and secular non religious atheists and agnostics. Their language is Croatian.
Croatia is the nation state of the Croats, while in the adjacent Bosnia and Herzegovina they are one of the three constituent peoples alongside Bosniaks and Serbs.
wn.com/Croats -
Denis Walter
Denis Walter (born 3 January 1955) is an Australian media personality and singer.
Throughout his music career Walter has recorded 14 albums. For many years until his resignation in November 2008 to join Melbourne radio 3AW full-time, Walter was the host of the evening news in the regional areas of Victoria for WIN TV (a regional affiliate of the Nine Network). Walter has also hosted nightly drawings of Keno lotteries.
Walter is patron for cystic fibrosis and also does regular work for the Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind, the Neuroscience Foundation, Royal Women's Hospital and a number of other charities and community groups.
Each year Walter hosts Carols By The Bay at Eastern Beach on the Geelong waterfront, the third largest Christmas concert in Australia behind similar major Christmas events in Sydney and Melbourne.
On 7 November 2008, Walter began hosting the afternoon radio program on 3AW (693 AM) Melbourne, replacing Ernie Sigley who retired. He regularly performs at concerts throughout Victoria when his radio commitments allow and is also a popular corporate host.
wn.com/Denis_Walter -
Eugene von Guerard
Johann Joseph Eugene von Guérard (17 November 1811 – 17 April 1901) was an Austrian-born artist, active in Australia from 1852 until 1882. In Australia, this artist is usually referred to as Eugene von Guerard.
Born in Vienna, von Guerard toured Italy with his father (a painter of miniatures at the court of Emperor Francis I of Austria) from 1826, and between 1830 and 1832 resided in Rome, where he became involved with the Nazarenes, a group of German expatriate artists. From 1849 to 1854 he studied landscape painting at the Düsseldorf Academy, and travelled widely. Von Guerard's personal artistic style was formed by the heritage of Claude Lorrain, Nicolas Poussin and Salvator Rosa, while at the Düsseldorf Academy he was inspired by the German Romantic landscape tradition exemplified by the art of Caspar David Friedrich, which, like the Nazarenes, attempted to link man and God through nature. He is associated with the Düsseldorf school of painting.
In 1852 von Guerard arrived in Victoria, Australia, determined to try his luck on the Victorian goldfields. As a gold-digger he was unsuccessful, but he did produce a large number of intimate studies of goldfields life, quite different from the deliberately awe-inspiring landscapes for which he was later to become famous. Realising that there were opportunities for an artist in Australia, he abandoned the diggings and was soon undertaking lucrative commissions recording the dwellings and properties of wealthy pastoralists.
wn.com/Eugene_von_Guerard -
Foster Fyans
Foster Fyans (1790–1870), soldier, penal administrator and public servant, was acting commandant of the second convict settlement at Norfolk Island, the first police magistrate at Geelong, and commissioner of crown lands for the Portland Bay pastoral district in the Port Phillip District of New South Wales.
Fyans was baptised at Clontarf, Dublin and joined the British Army in 1810, seeing service in the Peninsula War. From 1817 he served in India.
In 1833 Fyans joined the 4th Regiment of Foot at Sydney, New South Wales, and was posted to Norfolk Island as captain of the guard. In January 1834 an abortive mutiny led by John Knatchbull resulted in nine deaths and many wounded, and led to the recall of the commandant, James Morisset. As the next senior officer, Fyans acted until the new commandant arrived. He treated the mutineers harshly, keeping them locked in jail for many months in irons, and inflicting mass floggings. He regarded the convict settlement there as “a disgrace to England” and tried to replace slackness by strict control. He later became commandant at the Moreton Bay convict settlement.
wn.com/Foster_Fyans -
Gordon Scholes
Gordon Glen Denton Scholes AO (born 7 June 1931) is a former Australian politician and Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives.
Scholes was born in Melbourne, the son of Thomas Glen Denton Scholes and his wife Mary Louisa O'Brien. He was the Victorian Amateur Heavyweight Boxing Champion in 1949. He joined the Australian Labor Party in 1955 and was President of the Geelong ALP Branch from 1962 to 1964. He was President of the Geelong Trades Hall Council from 1965 to 1966, and a councillor of the Geelong City Council from 1965 to 1967.
He won the House of Representatives seat of Corio at a by-election in 1967, following Sir Hubert Opperman's resignation. He was Speaker from 27 February 1975 until 16 February 1976.
He was Speaker for the duration of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. On 11 November 1975, following the dismissal of the Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam and the appointment of the Leader of the Opposition, Malcolm Fraser, the House of Representatives passed a motion expressing lack of confidence in Fraser’s government, and required Scholes as Speaker to convey that information to the Governor-General Sir John Kerr and to request Kerr to dismiss Fraser and re-appoint Whitlam. Scholes made an appointment to meet Kerr at 4:45 pm. However, by the time he arrived, Kerr had already dissolved the Parliament on Fraser’s advice, which was something Fraser had undertaken to do once he had secured passage of the Supply bills through the Senate. Scholes later accused Kerr of bad faith for making an appointment to receive the Speaker, and then not waiting to hear from him before dissolving Parliament.
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Gough Whitlam
Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916), known as Gough Whitlam ( /ˈɡɒf ˈwɪtləm/ GOFF WIT-ləm), served as the 21st Prime Minister of Australia. Whitlam led the Australian Labor Party (ALP) to power at the 1972 election and retained government at the 1974 election, before being dismissed by Governor-General Sir John Kerr at the climax of the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. Whitlam remains the only Prime Minister to have his commission terminated in that manner.
Whitlam entered Parliament in 1952, as an ALP member of the House of Representatives. In 1960 he was elected deputy leader of the ALP and in 1967, after party leader Arthur Calwell retired, he assumed the leadership and became Leader of the Opposition. After narrowly losing the 1969 election, Whitlam led Labor to victory at the 1972 election after 23 years of Liberal-Country Coalition government.
In his time in office, Whitlam and his government implemented a large number of new programs and policy changes, including the elimination of military conscription and criminal execution, institution of universal health care and fee-free tertiary schooling (university), and the implementation of legal aid programs. He won the 1974 election with a reduced majority. Subsequently, the Opposition, which controlled the Senate, was emboldened by government scandals and a flagging economy to challenge Whitlam. In late 1975, there was a weeks-long deadlock over the passage of appropriation bills, which was resolved by Kerr's dismissal of Whitlam and commissioning of Opposition leader Malcolm Fraser as caretaker Prime Minister. Labor lost the subsequent 1975 election in a landslide.
wn.com/Gough_Whitlam -
Graham Berry
Sir Graham Berry KCMG (28 August 1822 – 25 January 1904), Australian colonial politician, was the 11th Premier of Victoria. He was one of the most Radical and colourful figures in the politics of colonial Victoria, and made the most determined efforts to break the power of the Victorian Legislative Council, the stronghold of the landowning class.
Berry was born in Twickenham, near London, where his father was a licensed victualler. He had a primary education, then became an apprentice draper.
In 1852 he migrated to Victoria, and went into business as a grocer in Prahran, then as a general storekeeper in South Yarra. His business skills and Victoria's booming economy soon made him a wealthy man. In 1848 he married Harriet Blencowe, with whom he had eleven children [13 in all first died in England and 13th stillborn ... Harriet died in childbith] . After her death he married Rebekah Evans in 1871; the couple had seven children of their own. At his death, Berry was survived by eight [9 as Geo. Blencowe Berry had returned to England] of the children from his first marriage and all of the children from his second marriage.
wn.com/Graham_Berry -
Gyan Evans
Gyan Evans is an ARIA Award-winning singer-songwriter from Australia who performs professionally as Gyan (pronounced 'Ghee-ahn'). Originally from Geelong, Gyan began her musical career in the Sydney band Haiku before winning the Grand Final in the Australian version of the TV show Star Search. This led to a recording contract with Warner.
Her debut, self-titled album was released in 1989 and featured the hit single 'Wait' which remained on the ARIA Charts for over four months, peaking at #14 and being certified Platinum. The single was co-written by Gary Frost of 1927 and Geoffrey Stapleton of GANGgajang. 'Gyan' contained twelve songs written or co-written by Gyan and produced by Charles Fisher (Midnight Oil, Hoodoo Gurus, Olivia Newton-John, Radio Birdman). The album was a critical and commercial success (remaining in the charts for over six months) and Gyan was awarded the ARIA Award for Best New Talent in 1989. A second single, 'It's Alright' was a minor hit in 1989 (#49); a third single; 'Black Wedding Ring' (#93) was released the following year. Gyan toured Australia to promote the album, assembling a backing band christened 'The Dearly Beloved'.
wn.com/Gyan_Evans -
Hamilton Hume
Hamilton Hume (10 June 1797 – 19 April 1873) was an early explorer of the present-day Australian states of New South Wales and Victoria. Along with Hovell in 1824, Hume was part of an expedition that first took an overland route from Sydney to Port Phillip near the site of present day Melbourne. Along with Sturt in 1828, he was part of an expedition of the first Europeans to discover the Darling River.
Hume was born at Seven Hills (his father's property) near Parramatta, a settlement close to (and now a suburb of) Sydney.
Hume was the eldest son of Andrew Hamilton Hume and his wife Elizabeth, née Kennedy. Andrew Hume received the appointment of Commissary-General for New South Wales, and came out to this colony in 1797. There were few opportunities for education in Australia during the first ten years of the nineteenth century, and Hamilton Hume received most of his education from his mother.
When only 17 years of age, Hume began exploring the country beyond Sydney with his younger brother John and an Aboriginal boy as far to the south-west as Berrima, and soon developed into a good bushman. In 1817, Hume went on a journey with James Meehan, the deputy surveyor-general, and Charles Throsby during which Lake Bathurst and the Goulburn Plains were discovered. Subsequently in 1818, he went with John Oxley and Meehan to Jervis Bay.
wn.com/Hamilton_Hume -
James Scullin
James Henry Scullin (18 September 1876 – 28 January 1953), Australian Labor politician and the ninth Prime Minister of Australia. Two days after he was sworn in as Prime Minister following the 1929 House-only election, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 occurred, marking the beginning of the Great Depression and subsequent Great Depression in Australia. In addition, the Scullin government held only a fifth of all Senate seats.
Scullin was born in the small town of Trawalla in Western Victoria, the son of John Scullin, a railway worker, and Ann (née Logan), both of Irish Catholic descent from Derry. He was educated at state primary schools and then worked as a grocer in Ballarat while studying at night school and privately in public libraries and honing his public speaking skills in local debating clubs.
He joined the Labor Party in 1903 and became an organiser for the Australian Workers' Union. In 1913, he became editor of a Labor newspaper in Ballarat, the Evening Echo. He was a devout Roman Catholic, a non-drinker and a non-smoker all his life.
wn.com/James_Scullin -
Jeff Lang
Jeff Lang (born 9 November 1969) is an Australian songwriter, singer and slide guitarist. A leading performer in the Australian roots music scene and purveyer of his self-described "disturbed folk" style, which incorporates primarily folk, blues and rock. The songwriting in his music is heavily influenced by the folk music of the Southern United States and British Isles but has distinctly Australian lyrical content whilst his guitar playing mixes folk, blues and rock styles with Indian and African modalities. He plays various types of guitar, both slide and standard, as well as banjo, mandolin, Chumbush and drums. In Addition to other awards Lang's 1996 album Native Dog Creek was named 'Best Australian Blues Album' in a Rhythms Magazine readers poll, as were his 2005 release You Have To Dig Deep To Bury Daddy and the 2006 album Dislocation Blues, a collaboration with the late Chris Whitley, while his 2002 collaboration with Bob Brozman won an ARIA award for Best Blues and Roots Music album.
wn.com/Jeff_Lang -
John Batman
John Batman (21 January 1801 – 6 May 1839) was an Australian grazier, businessman and explorer who is best known for his role in the founding of a settlement which became Melbourne and the colony of Victoria.
His parents, William and Mary Batman, came to Sydney in 1797 aboard the Ganges. John was born in 1801 at Rosehill, Parramatta (now a suburb of Sydney).
In 1821 John (aged 20 years) and brother Henry journeyed to Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania) to settle on land in the north-east near Ben Lomond. He acquired 'Kingston', a property said to be "...large in acreage and poor agriculturally,...".
In December 1825, or early 1826, Batman captured the notorious bushranger called Matthew Brady, resulting in an additional grant of land by the government. Brady had been wounded in the leg in a conflict with the authorities, but got away safely. John Batman, who was in Tasmania at the time, went out unarmed on his own in search of Brady, and found him quite accidentally. He saw a man limping in the bush near a shallow creek, and hastened forward to him. It was Brady. He induced Brady to surrender and return with him. The outlaw was ill and suffering much pain, and he did as Mr. Batman asked. Brady was duly sentenced to death.
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John Helder Wedge
John Helder Wedge (1793 – 22 November 1872) was a surveyor, explorer and politician in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania, Australia).
Wedge was the second son of Charles Wedge of Shudy Camps, Cambridge, England. John Wedge learned the basics of surveying from his father. Due to financial losses during the post-war depression in agriculture, Wedge and his brother Edward decided to migrate to Van Diemen's Land; before leaving London Wedge had obtained an appointment in the colony as assistant surveyor.
The brothers arrived in Van Diemen's Land aboard the Heroine on the morning of the 15th of April 1824. Wedge led several expeditions through heavily timbered and mountainous country in the north-east and central highlands of the island. On one of these journeys Wedge he found a camp of the bushrangers led by Matthew Brady. For Wedge's efforts in their capture he was rewarded with a land grant in 1826; later he applied for another grant for the capture of five absconders. Wedge was sent to the far north-west in 1828 to examine the lands of the Van Diemen's Land Company. Wedge reported much rich soil in the heavily timbered area but the Company wanted pasture land immediately available and disputed the accuracy of Wedge's map. Part of Wedge's work included investigating grants surveyed earlier by George Evans and Thomas Scott who were both accused of receiving bribes for measuring more than the authorized area to settlers. Wedge proved that the accusations were well founded.
wn.com/John_Helder_Wedge -
Matthew Flinders
Captain Matthew Flinders RN (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was a distinguished navigator and cartographer, who was the first to circumnavigate Australia and identify it as a continent.
On his first voyage to New South Wales, he made friends with the ship's surgeon George Bass, and the two of them presently sailed through what became the Bass Strait, confirming that Tasmania was an island. In 1801 he was commissioned to chart the whole coastline of New Holland, and he specially noted the fertile land around Port Phillip, today's Melbourne.
Heading back to England in 1803, his vessel needed urgent repairs at Mauritius. Although Britain and France were at war, Flinders thought the scientific nature of his work would ensure safe passage, but a suspicious governor kept him under arrest for more than six years. In captivity, he recorded details of his voyages for future publication, and put forward his rationale for naming the new continent 'Australia', as an umbrella-term for New Holland and New South Wales - a suggestion taken up later by Governor Macquarie.
wn.com/Matthew_Flinders -
Philip Gidley King
Captain Philip Gidley King RN (23 April 1758 – 3 September 1808) was the third Governor of New South Wales, and did much to civilise the young colony in the face of great obstacles.
When the First Fleet arrived in January 1788, King was detailed to colonise Norfolk Island for defence and foraging purposes. As Governor of New South Wales, he helped develop livestock farming, whaling and mining, built many schools and launched the colony's first newspaper. But conflicts with the military wore down his spirit, and they were able to force his resignation.
King was born at Launceston, Cornwall, England on 23 April 1758. He joined the Royal Navy at the age of 12 as captain's servant, and was commissioned as a lieutenant in 1778. King served under Arthur Phillip who chose him as second lieutenant on HMS Sirius for the expedition to establish a convict settlement in New South Wales. On arrival, in January 1788, King was selected to lead a small party of convicts and guards to set up a settlement at Norfolk Island.
wn.com/Philip_Gidley_King -
Thomas Austin
Thomas Austin (1815 – 1871) was an English settler in Australia who is generally credited with the introduction of rabbits into Australia in 1859.
Thomas Austin was born at Baltonsborough, Somerset, England, the youngest son of John Austin and Nancy, née Lucas. In 1831 he arrived with other members of his family in Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania).
After farming near Ouse, Thomas and his brother James crossed Bass Strait in 1837 and settled as pioneer pastoralists in the Western District of the Port Phillip District (now called Victoria).
In 1845 he married Elizabeth Phillips Harding (1821–1910) in Melbourne and they had 11 children.
Thomas Austin took up land near Winchelsea starting in 1837, and eventually creating a run of 29,000 acres (12,000 ha) known as Barwon Park. The property was used for sheep and for horse training.
In 1871 work was completed on the bluestone mansion that Austin had designed and built on his property. This is now owned by the National Trust of Australia and is open to the public. He died six months after the mansion was completed but his widow continued to live there and, as a philanthropist, helped to found the Austin Hospital in Heidelberg and the Austin Homes for Women in Geelong.
wn.com/Thomas_Austin -
William Hovell
William Hilton Hovell (26 April 1786 – 9 November 1875) was an English explorer of Australia.
Hovell was born in Yarmouth, Norfolk, England. His father was captain and part owner of a vessel trading to the Mediterranean, which, during a voyage in 1794, was captured by the French and taken into a port, where he became a prisoner of war for two years. William, when only 10 years of age, went to sea to earn his living. After going through the hard life of a foremast hand, at 20 years of age he was mate of Zenobia bound to Peru, and two years later he was a mercantile marine captain of the Juno bound to Rio Janeiro, and others. He decided to come to Australia, arriving at Sydney New South Wales by the ship Earl Spencer, with his wife Esther née Arndell (daughter of the surgeon Thomas Arndell). and two children, a boy and a girl, on 9 October 1813. Making an association with Simeon Lord, Hovell became master of a vessel and made several trading voyages along the east coast of Australia coast and to New Zealand.
wn.com/William_Hovell
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Hawthorn v Geelong - Final 2 minutes (Round 19, 2012) - AFL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
Geelong's Tom Hawkins kicks a huge goal from outside 50m to beat Hawthorn on the siren, Round 19 2012 at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Hawthorn_v_Geelong_Final_2_minutes_Round_19,_2012_AFL
Geelong's Tom Hawkins kicks a huge goal from outside 50m to beat Hawthorn on the siren, Round 19 2012 at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
Round 19 AFL - Hawthorn v Geelong highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
The epic highlights from one of the best games ever! Hawthorn and Geelong play out a thriller, Round 19 2012 at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_19_AFL_Hawthorn_v_Geelong_highlights
The epic highlights from one of the best games ever! Hawthorn and Geelong play out a thriller, Round 19 2012 at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 03 Aug 2012
- views: 22535
- author: BigPondAFL
To Jeff Kennett From Geelong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
On a fateful day on ABC TV's Offsiders program, then Hawthorn President Jeff Kennett of the Kennett curse fame uttered his famous words claiming his Hawks were mentally tougher than the Geelong Cats who they had just beaten in a Grand Final. What ensued was as comical as it is amazing - Geelong went on a 9 match unbeaten streak against Hawthorn, racking up two extra flags to make it 3 in 5 years, while the Hawks underachieved until 2012 when they lost a Grand Final everyone thought they would have won.
http://wn.com/To_Jeff_Kennett_From_Geelong
On a fateful day on ABC TV's Offsiders program, then Hawthorn President Jeff Kennett of the Kennett curse fame uttered his famous words claiming his Hawks were mentally tougher than the Geelong Cats who they had just beaten in a Grand Final. What ensued was as comical as it is amazing - Geelong went on a 9 match unbeaten streak against Hawthorn, racking up two extra flags to make it 3 in 5 years, while the Hawks underachieved until 2012 when they lost a Grand Final everyone thought they would have won.
- published: 08 Nov 2012
- views: 5510
- author: aus5892
AFL: Geelong v Collingwood, 2011 AFL Grand Final Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
Highlights of Geelong's emphatic 38 point victory over Collingwood. The cats who's era was meant to be over, after so many so-called experts tipped them not to be able to win a Grand Final, let alone reach the Grand Final this year, went on and won when it counted. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT GAME: GEELONG has stormed to a historic premiership with a dominant last quarter against Collingwood in the Grand Final. After leading by seven points at three-quarter time, the final term was all Geelong, kicking 5.4 to three behinds. Geelong won by 38 points, 18.11 (119) to 12.9 (81). A crowd of 99537 packed the MCG for the game. Jimmy Bartel was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for best on ground. Bartel, Tom Hawkins and Steve Johnson led a long list of heroes for the Cats, who have now claimed three premierships in the past five years. Hawkins kicked three goals in the third term and marked everything early in the final quarter and although his two shots at goal sailed wide, he set up Johnson for a telling goal with a quick handball. Johnson, who wrenched his knee against West Coast a week ago and was in doubt until an hour before the game, finished with four goals in an outstanding display. Cameron Ling moved as quick as he has for years after snapping a goal to seal the victory with five minutes remaining. The loss is Collingwood's third for the season - all against the Cats ...
http://wn.com/AFL_Geelong_v_Collingwood,_2011_AFL_Grand_Final_Highlights
Highlights of Geelong's emphatic 38 point victory over Collingwood. The cats who's era was meant to be over, after so many so-called experts tipped them not to be able to win a Grand Final, let alone reach the Grand Final this year, went on and won when it counted. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT GAME: GEELONG has stormed to a historic premiership with a dominant last quarter against Collingwood in the Grand Final. After leading by seven points at three-quarter time, the final term was all Geelong, kicking 5.4 to three behinds. Geelong won by 38 points, 18.11 (119) to 12.9 (81). A crowd of 99537 packed the MCG for the game. Jimmy Bartel was awarded the Norm Smith Medal for best on ground. Bartel, Tom Hawkins and Steve Johnson led a long list of heroes for the Cats, who have now claimed three premierships in the past five years. Hawkins kicked three goals in the third term and marked everything early in the final quarter and although his two shots at goal sailed wide, he set up Johnson for a telling goal with a quick handball. Johnson, who wrenched his knee against West Coast a week ago and was in doubt until an hour before the game, finished with four goals in an outstanding display. Cameron Ling moved as quick as he has for years after snapping a goal to seal the victory with five minutes remaining. The loss is Collingwood's third for the season - all against the Cats ...
- published: 01 Oct 2011
- views: 92101
- author: jehsepi369
2011 Geelong season montage - 2011 AFL Grand Final (Channel 10)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 10 Feb 2013
2011 Geelong season montage - 2011 AFL Grand Final (Channel 10)
http://wn.com/2011_Geelong_season_montage_2011_AFL_Grand_Final_Channel_10
2011 Geelong season montage - 2011 AFL Grand Final (Channel 10)
- published: 04 Oct 2011
- views: 16514
- author: hoever06
Geelong's Wins After the Siren - AFL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:33
- Updated: 09 Feb 2013
In the AFL, a win after the final siren is a particularly special occasion, given it has only happened 38 times in over 14000 VFL/AFL matches. Geelong holds the record for the most wins with kicks after the siren, with all 7 wins having occurred since 1967 (including 2 famous wins in the 1994 finals series). This video features all 7 match-winning moments, 6 of which I had footage of for this video. 1. 0:05 Bill Ryan: Geelong v Collingwood, Round 1 1967, Kardinia Park [Final Scores: Geel 13.13 (91) def. Coll 13.12 (90), 1 point] 2. 2:10 Ken Newland: Geelong v Collingwood, Round 20 1972, Kardinia Park [Final Scores: Geel 17.10 (112) def. Coll 17.9 (111), 1 point] 3. 2:51 Billy Brownless: Geelong v Footscray, Quarter Final 1994, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 15.16 (106) def. Foot 15.11 (101), 5 points] 4. 4:26 Gary Ablett, Snr: North Melbourne v Geelong, Preliminary Final 1994, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 16.13 (109) def. NM 14.19 (103), 6 points] 5. 5:38 Peter Riccardi: Geelong v Carlton, Round 11 2002, Docklands Stadium (Etihad) [Final Scores: Geel 15.10 (100) def. Carl 14.12 (96), 4 points] 6. 6:43 Jimmy Bartel: Geelong v Hawthorn, Round 17 2009, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 15.9 (99) def. Haw 14.14 (98), 1 point] 7. 8:29 Tom Hawkins: Hawthorn v Geelong, Round 19 2012, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 18.10 (118) def. Haw 17.14 (116), 2 points]
http://wn.com/Geelong's_Wins_After_the_Siren_AFL
In the AFL, a win after the final siren is a particularly special occasion, given it has only happened 38 times in over 14000 VFL/AFL matches. Geelong holds the record for the most wins with kicks after the siren, with all 7 wins having occurred since 1967 (including 2 famous wins in the 1994 finals series). This video features all 7 match-winning moments, 6 of which I had footage of for this video. 1. 0:05 Bill Ryan: Geelong v Collingwood, Round 1 1967, Kardinia Park [Final Scores: Geel 13.13 (91) def. Coll 13.12 (90), 1 point] 2. 2:10 Ken Newland: Geelong v Collingwood, Round 20 1972, Kardinia Park [Final Scores: Geel 17.10 (112) def. Coll 17.9 (111), 1 point] 3. 2:51 Billy Brownless: Geelong v Footscray, Quarter Final 1994, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 15.16 (106) def. Foot 15.11 (101), 5 points] 4. 4:26 Gary Ablett, Snr: North Melbourne v Geelong, Preliminary Final 1994, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 16.13 (109) def. NM 14.19 (103), 6 points] 5. 5:38 Peter Riccardi: Geelong v Carlton, Round 11 2002, Docklands Stadium (Etihad) [Final Scores: Geel 15.10 (100) def. Carl 14.12 (96), 4 points] 6. 6:43 Jimmy Bartel: Geelong v Hawthorn, Round 17 2009, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 15.9 (99) def. Haw 14.14 (98), 1 point] 7. 8:29 Tom Hawkins: Hawthorn v Geelong, Round 19 2012, MCG [Final Scores: Geel 18.10 (118) def. Haw 17.14 (116), 2 points]
- published: 24 Aug 2012
- views: 2098
- author: darijoe
Geelong Footy Player Tom Hawkins interviewed by a Katunga Student
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
Geelong Football Club concluded its Community Camp to Cobram and Barooga with a super clinic at Numurkah Showgrounds yesterday, where Katunga Primary School student Ellie-Mae Warrin caught up with Cats star Tom Hawkins
http://wn.com/Geelong_Footy_Player_Tom_Hawkins_interviewed_by_a_Katunga_Student
Geelong Football Club concluded its Community Camp to Cobram and Barooga with a super clinic at Numurkah Showgrounds yesterday, where Katunga Primary School student Ellie-Mae Warrin caught up with Cats star Tom Hawkins
- published: 06 Feb 2013
- views: 87
- author: OnlineMMG
BUSKING AROUND AUSTRALIA, Geelong, Keith Harkin performs original song "going home"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Keith Harkin does another busking session, this time in Geelong Australia, performing an original song called "going home"
http://wn.com/BUSKING_AROUND_AUSTRALIA,_Geelong,_Keith_Harkin_performs_original_song_going_home
Keith Harkin does another busking session, this time in Geelong Australia, performing an original song called "going home"
- published: 11 Feb 2013
- views: 2489
- author: Keith Harkin
Round 17 AFL - Geelong v Essendon highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Match summary highlights from Etihad Stadium as the Cats take on the Bombers. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_17_AFL_Geelong_v_Essendon_highlights
Match summary highlights from Etihad Stadium as the Cats take on the Bombers. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 20 Jul 2012
- views: 5753
- author: BigPondAFL
2012 AFL Finals - Geelong v Fremantle - Elimination Final
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Updated: 31 Jan 2013
Match highlights from the 2012 Cats v Dockers Elimination Final at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/2012_AFL_Finals_Geelong_v_Fremantle_Elimination_Final
Match highlights from the 2012 Cats v Dockers Elimination Final at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 08 Sep 2012
- views: 9541
- author: BigPondAFL
Round 20 AFL - West Coast Eagles v Geelong highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
Match summary highlights from Patersons Stadium as the Eagles and the Cats square off. Round 20, 2012. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_20_AFL_West_Coast_Eagles_v_Geelong_highlights
Match summary highlights from Patersons Stadium as the Eagles and the Cats square off. Round 20, 2012. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 10 Aug 2012
- views: 8666
- author: BigPondAFL
Geelong Cats Top 20 Goals 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:20
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
The Top 20 Goals from the Geelong Cats 2011 Premiership Season. Leave a comment and join the debate!
http://wn.com/Geelong_Cats_Top_20_Goals_2011
The Top 20 Goals from the Geelong Cats 2011 Premiership Season. Leave a comment and join the debate!
- published: 13 Nov 2011
- views: 9114
- author: thewalkindude00
Longboarding: Geelong Sessions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
An edit from the past few skates at geelong, enjoy!
http://wn.com/Longboarding_Geelong_Sessions
An edit from the past few skates at geelong, enjoy!
- published: 06 Oct 2012
- views: 5943
- author: DFALongboarding
Epic 2005 AFL semi-final - Sydney v Geelong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Updated: 07 Feb 2013
A game for the ages - relive the epic 2005 AFL semi-final between Sydney and Geelong. More video at afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Epic_2005_AFL_semi-final_Sydney_v_Geelong
A game for the ages - relive the epic 2005 AFL semi-final between Sydney and Geelong. More video at afl.com.au
- published: 21 Jun 2012
- views: 12918
- author: BigPondAFL
AFL Geelong Highlights 2012/Preview 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
I know I haven't been making as many as such lately, but here is a Geelong Highlight's of 2012 and preview of what is to come in the upcoming 2013 Toyota AFL Season. With New Recruits such as Hamish McIntosh, Jared Rivers & Josh Caddy, plus a great mix of young talented and emerging players, to players in their prime and veterans, Geelong will certainly still be up there this year for sure. You can count on that. So please enjoy this video that I created. Please subscribe, comment or rate!
http://wn.com/AFL_Geelong_Highlights_2012_Preview_2013
I know I haven't been making as many as such lately, but here is a Geelong Highlight's of 2012 and preview of what is to come in the upcoming 2013 Toyota AFL Season. With New Recruits such as Hamish McIntosh, Jared Rivers & Josh Caddy, plus a great mix of young talented and emerging players, to players in their prime and veterans, Geelong will certainly still be up there this year for sure. You can count on that. So please enjoy this video that I created. Please subscribe, comment or rate!
- published: 10 Feb 2013
- views: 45
- author: jehsepi369
Matthew Pavlich six goals - 2012 Elimination Final vs Geelong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Updated: 09 Feb 2013
Fremantle's Matthew Pavlich kicks 6 goals against Geelong in the 2012 elimination final at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Matthew_Pavlich_six_goals_2012_Elimination_Final_vs_Geelong
Fremantle's Matthew Pavlich kicks 6 goals against Geelong in the 2012 elimination final at the MCG. For more video, head to afl.com.au
- published: 09 Sep 2012
- views: 2624
- author: BigPondAFL
Longboarding: Geelong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
freeriding in gtown. michael mifsud dylan baddely blakey george andrew bodon kyle lapthorne george mavrogiannis danesh rustomjee jordy jackson
http://wn.com/Longboarding_Geelong
freeriding in gtown. michael mifsud dylan baddely blakey george andrew bodon kyle lapthorne george mavrogiannis danesh rustomjee jordy jackson
- published: 22 Apr 2012
- views: 60122
- author: thegreataustralia
Round 11 AFL - Carlton v Geelong highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Match summary of the Blues hosting the Cats at Etihad Stadium, Round 11 2012. More highlights at afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_11_AFL_Carlton_v_Geelong_highlights
Match summary of the Blues hosting the Cats at Etihad Stadium, Round 11 2012. More highlights at afl.com.au
- published: 08 Jun 2012
- views: 4884
- author: BigPondAFL
Round 9 AFL - Western Bulldogs v Geelong highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 08 Oct 2012
Highlights of the clash at Etihad Stadium between the Western Bulldogs and Geelong. More video at afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_9_AFL_Western_Bulldogs_v_Geelong_highlights
Highlights of the clash at Etihad Stadium between the Western Bulldogs and Geelong. More video at afl.com.au
- published: 25 May 2012
- views: 3468
- author: BigPondAFL
R16 2012, Collingwood V Geelong Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:56
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Featuring Collingwood goals ONLY. In what was almost a replay of the 2010 prelim, Collingwood blew the game apart in the first half with intense pressure leading to turnovers and goals to the Pies. A great rebounding effort after the disappointing game against Carlton. FINAL SCORE: Collingwood 17.8 (110) to Geelong 10.19 (79).
http://wn.com/R16_2012,_Collingwood_V_Geelong_Highlights
Featuring Collingwood goals ONLY. In what was almost a replay of the 2010 prelim, Collingwood blew the game apart in the first half with intense pressure leading to turnovers and goals to the Pies. A great rebounding effort after the disappointing game against Carlton. FINAL SCORE: Collingwood 17.8 (110) to Geelong 10.19 (79).
- published: 15 Jul 2012
- views: 1636
- author: YouMagPieTube
Law and Language - Santos Bonacci - Part 2 Geelong 2 May 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 93:42
- Updated: 09 Feb 2013
The fictional language of legalese busted!!!
http://wn.com/Law_and_Language_Santos_Bonacci_Part_2_Geelong_2_May_2012
The fictional language of legalese busted!!!
- published: 07 May 2012
- views: 19813
- author: MrAstrotheology
Round 5 AFL - Brisbane Lions v Geelong Cats match summary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:11
- Updated: 15 Oct 2012
It barely stopped raining all game, but the reigning premiers were still able to control the game. More video at afl.com.au
http://wn.com/Round_5_AFL_Brisbane_Lions_v_Geelong_Cats_match_summary
It barely stopped raining all game, but the reigning premiers were still able to control the game. More video at afl.com.au
- published: 28 Apr 2012
- views: 6896
- author: BigPondAFL
The Last Quarter - Sydney Swans v Geelong Cats (2012 AFL Season - Round 13)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:41
- Updated: 31 Dec 2012
The last quarter of the incredible game between the Swans and the Cats at the SCG, Round 13, 2012.
http://wn.com/The_Last_Quarter_Sydney_Swans_v_Geelong_Cats_2012_AFL_Season_Round_13
The last quarter of the incredible game between the Swans and the Cats at the SCG, Round 13, 2012.
- published: 22 Jun 2012
- views: 4125
- author: Bamboomonkey24
photo: AP / Los Angeles Police Department
11 Feb 2013
A San Bernardino County sheriff's deputy searches a home for Christopher Dorner, a former police officer, on Sunday in Big Bear Lake, Calif. (Jae C. Hong, The Associated Press) ... "We will not tolerate anyone undermining the security of the community," Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa said at a news conference. "We will not tolerate this reign of terror." ... "He has targeted those we entrust to protect the public." ... Copyright 2012 The Denver Post ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
12 Feb 2013
JULIAN BORGER. North Korea’s and Iran’s ambitions to become nuclear powers may make US plans to cut its own warheads difficult to pass. President Barack Obama is expected to address the threat posed by North Korea in tonight’s state of the union speech, after news of Pyongyang’s third underground nuclear test triggered some last-minute rewriting of the presidential text ... Obama speech ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)
photo: AP / Lee Jin-man
12 Feb 2013
A magnitude 5.1 “artificial earthquake” was reported near a nuclear test site in North Korea on Tuesday morning, with South Korean Defence Ministry officials telling local media that the seismic activity was the result of a third nuclear test conducted by the reclusive state ... The reported test has, however, not yet been confirmed by North Korean State media ... The move is set to heighten regional tensions ... Keywords....(size: 3.4Kb)
photo: AP / Riccardo De Luca
12 Feb 2013
Pope Benedict XVI will not interfere in choosing his successor after his shock decision to resign at the end of the month, the pontiff's brother has said. Georg Ratzinger told the BBC the Pope would only "make himself available" if he were needed. Benedict said on Monday he would resign after nearly eight years as the head of the Catholic Church because he was too old to continue at the age of 85 ... But resignation is extremely rare....(size: 3.8Kb)
photo: AP / Kevin Frayer
11 Feb 2013
ALLAHABAD, India (Reuters) - A stampede at a railway station in northern India killed at least 36 Hindu pilgrims on Sunday, the busiest day of the world's largest religious festival at which some 30 million had gathered to wash away their sins in the sacred Ganges river. Twenty-seven of the dead were women, mostly elderly and poor. An eight-year-old girl was also crushed to death ... Daily Press Eyewitness ... M ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)
noodls
13 Feb 2013
Greater Geelong City Council) ... Wednesday, 13 February 201311.26 AMCity News Following the release of the initial design for our new Geelong Library and Heritage Centre we began an extended period of consultation to gather local people's ideas and opinions ... There was strong support for the innovative design of the new Geelong Library and Heritage Centre....(size: 2.3Kb)
noodls
13 Feb 2013
Greater Geelong City Council) The City of Greater Geelong's clean energy initiative program EcoChallenge is designed ... EnviroShop has been selected by the City of Greater Geelong as the provider to run the program as all their products are installed by highly experienced and professionally accredited installers....(size: 1.8Kb)
noodls
13 Feb 2013
Belmont Library, 163 High Street Corio Shopping Centre, Shop 4k 83a Purnell Road, Corio City Hall, 30 Gheringhap Street, Geelong Drysdale Library, 18-20 Hancock Street Geelong West, 153a Pakington Street Central Geelong, 100 Brougham Street, Geelong Ocean Grove, The Grove Centre, 78 Presidents Avenue Waurn Ponds Library, 230 Pioneer Rd....(size: 2.1Kb)
noodls
13 Feb 2013
Greater Geelong City Council) Search our online community directory to find the right contact ... in Greater Geelong. ... This noodl was issued by Greater Geelong City Council and was initially posted at www.geelongcity.vic.gov.au....(size: 1.2Kb)
noodls
13 Feb 2013
(Source. Greater Geelong City Council). Fire Services Levy ... The change means residents will no longer pay for a fire services levy through their property insurance ... This noodl was issued by Greater Geelong City Council and was initially posted at www.geelongcity.vic.gov.au ... (noodl....(size: 1.3Kb)
noodls
13 Feb 2013
(Source. Greater Geelong City Council). Community halls and clubs receive upgrade ... distributed by. This noodl was issued by Greater Geelong City Council and was initially posted at www.geelongcity.vic.gov.au ... (noodl. 17526127) ....(size: 1.1Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
13 Feb 2013
HIGHTON real estate agent Daniel Hayes is being sued for $1.4 million by a free real estate magazine for placing advertising in the Geelong Advertiser. MMP Greater Geelong Pty Ltd is suing Hayeswinckle Holding Pty Ltd claiming it has breached its advertising contract with The Weekly Review ... "And at the moment they're choosing the Geelong Addy....(size: 1.8Kb)
noodls
13 Feb 2013
(Source. Central Queensland University). CQUniversity's Geoff Dell has been entrusted with the role as 'head of safety' for the largest airshow in the Southern Hemisphere, the Australian International Airshow scheduled for Avalon Airport near Geelong on March 1-3 ... The Paris and Farnborough airshows each have five hours of flying a day. Assoc Prof Geoff Dell ... An image from the Airshow website ... distributed by ... (noodl....(size: 3.4Kb)
Canberra Times
13 Feb 2013
More than 170 Victorian state schools will close Thursday, as thousands of teachers, principals and support staff go on strike. The strike will go ahead after the Australian Education and Union and state government failed to reach a last-minute resolution over pay and conditions at a meeting on Tuesday ... At last September's mass strike, around 400 state schools closed completely ... Schools closing Thursday. ... South Geelong Primary School ... ....(size: 7.1Kb)
noodls
12 Feb 2013
Greater Geelong City Council) The state-wide Sustainable Living Festival has come to Geelong with no less than 46 local events scheduled between now and 24 February ... The City of Greater Geelong, through Future Proofing Geelong, is presenting international key note speaker Jason Roberts as part of the Sustainable Living Festival....(size: 3.7Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
12 Feb 2013
GEELONG captain Joel Selwood's property deal with Cats patron Frank Costa will continue within the salary cap this season before finishing ... Land development business Costa Property Group had paid first Gary Ablett and then Selwood to have their images used on billboards in the greater Geelong area. Now with the AFL rejecting the deal, Geelong has accepted it will have toinclude the money in the salary cap this season....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Daily Telegraph Australia
12 Feb 2013
GEELONG recruit Hamish McIntosh has been dealt a blow in his return from a recurring knee injury. McIntosh, 28, will sit out for up to three weeks after having surgery to remove fluid from the back of his knee ... ....(size: 1.5Kb)
Frustrated Nathan Buckley wants more specifics as he claims players' reputations are being tarnished
The Daily Telegraph Australia12 Feb 2013
After reviewing supplement programs back to 2002 yesterday, Collingwood is "very" confident it is clean ... Recommended Coverage ... Geelong coach says Cats have nothing to worry about. Geelong coach Chris Scott says the decision-making processes used at the Cats mean they have nothing to worry about, concerning the ACC investigation into drugs and organised crime in sport ... Geelong coach Chris Scott also called for patience ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)
This article is about the Victorian city; the name may also refer to City of Geelong or Geelong city centre.
| Geelong Victoria |
|||||||
 Geelong CBD and Corio Bay from Moorpanyal Park North Shore in 2010. |
|||||||
 Geelong
|
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| Population: | 160,991 (2006 Census)[1] (12th) | ||||||
| • Density: | 165.3/km² (428.1/sq mi) | ||||||
| Established: | 1836 | ||||||
| Postcode: | 3220 | ||||||
| Coordinates: | 38°09′S 144°21′E / 38.15°S 144.35°E / -38.15; 144.35Coordinates: 38°09′S 144°21′E / 38.15°S 144.35°E / -38.15; 144.35 | ||||||
| Area: | 1240 km² (478.8 sq mi) | ||||||
| Time zone:
• Summer (DST) |
AEST (UTC+10) | ||||||
| Location: | 72 km (45 mi) SW of Melbourne | ||||||
| LGA: | City of Greater Geelong | ||||||
| County: | Grant | ||||||
| State electorate: | |||||||
| Federal Division: | |||||||
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Geelong ( /dʒəˈlɒŋ/)[2][3] is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia, 75 kilometres (47 mi) south-west of the state capital; Melbourne. It is the second most populated city in Victoria and the fifth most populated non-capital city in Australia. The urban area runs from the plains of Lara in the north to the rolling hills of Waurn Ponds to the south, with the bay to the east and hills to the west, an area with an estimated population of 160,991 people.[1] It is the administrative centre for the City of Greater Geelong municipality which covers the urban and surrounding areas and is home to over 191,000 people. An inhabitant of Geelong has been known as a Geelongite,[4] or a Pivotonian, in the past.
Geelong was named in 1837 by Governor Richard Burke, with the name derived from the local Wathaurong Aboriginal name for the region, Jillong, thought to mean 'land' or 'cliffs'.[5] The area was first surveyed in 1838, three weeks after Melbourne, and the Post Office was open by June 1840 (the second to open in the Port Phillip District).[6] The first woolstore was erected in this period and it became the port for the wool industry of the Western District.[7] During the gold rush Geelong experienced a brief boom as the main port to the rich goldfields of the Ballarat district.[8] The city then diversified into manufacturing and during the 1860s it became one of the largest manufacturing centres in Australia with its wool mills, ropeworks, and paper mills.[9]
It was proclaimed a city in 1910, with industrial growth from this time until the 1960s establishing the city as a manufacturing centre for the state,[7] and saw the population grow to over 100,000 by the mid 1960s.[10] Population increases over the last decade were due to growth in service industries,[11] as the manufacturing sector has declined. Redevelopment of the inner city has occurred since the 1990s, as well as gentrification of inner suburbs and currently has a population growth rate higher than the national average.[12]
It is known for being home to car manufacturer Ford Australia and also the Geelong Football Club, nicknamed The Cats.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Geelong
See also: Visitor attractions in Geelong, Victorian gold rush, Category:Suburbs of Geelong, and Category:Visitor attractions in Geelong
Early history and foundation[link]
The area of Geelong and the Bellarine Peninsula was originally occupied by the Wathaurong Indigenous Australian tribe.[13]
The first non-Aboriginal person recorded as visiting the region was Lt. John Murray, who commanded the brig HMS Lady Nelson.[8] After anchoring outside Port Phillip Heads (the narrow entrance to Port Phillip, onto which both Geelong and Melbourne now front) on 1 February 1802 he sent a small boat with six men to explore.[14] Led by John Bowen they explored the immediate area, returning to the Lady Nelson on 4 February. On reporting favourable findings, the Lady Nelson entered Port Phillip on 14 February, and did not leave until 12 March. During this time, Murray explored the Geelong area and, whilst on the far side of the bay, claimed the entire area for Britain. He named the bay Port King, after Philip Gidley King,[14] then Governor of New South Wales. Governor King later renamed the bay Port Phillip after the first governor of New South Wales, Arthur Phillip.[15] Arriving not long after Murray was Matthew Flinders, who entered Port Phillip on 27 April 1802.[8] He charted the entire bay, including the Geelong area, believing he was the first to sight the huge expanse of water, but in a rush to reach Sydney before winter set in he left Port Phillip on 3 May.
In January 1803, Surveyor-General Charles Grimes arrived at Port Phillip in the sloop Cumberland and mapped the area, including the future site of Geelong,[14] but reported the area was unfavourable for settlement and returned to Sydney on 27 February.[16] In October of the same year, the HMS Calcutta led by Lieutenant-Colonel David Collins arrived in the bay to establish the Sullivan Bay penal colony.[14] Collins was dissatisfied with the area chosen, and sent a small party led by First Lieutenant J.H. Tuckey to investigate alternate sites.[17] The party spent 22 October to 27 October on the north shore of Corio Bay, where the first Aboriginal death at the hands of a European in Victoria occurred.[14]
The next European visit to the area was by the explorers Hamilton Hume and William Hovell. They reached the northern edge of Corio Bay - the area of Port Phillip that Geelong now fronts - on 16 December 1824,[18] and it was at this time they reported that the Aborigines called the area Corayo, the bay being called Jillong.[8] Hume and Hovell had been contracted to travel overland from Sydney to Port Phillip, and having achieved this they stayed the night and begun their return journey two days later on 18 December.[18]
The convict William Buckley escaped from the Sullivan Bay settlement in 1803, and lived among the Wathaurong people for 32 years on the Bellarine Peninsula.[19] In 1835, John Batman used Indented Head as his base camp,[20] leaving behind several employees whilst he returned to Tasmania (then known as Van Diemen's Land) for more supplies and his family. In this same year, Buckley surrendered to the party led by John Helder Wedge and was later pardoned by Lieutenant-Governor Sir George Arthur, and subsequently given the position of interpreter to the natives.[21]
File:Geelong in 1840.jpg
Depiction of early Geelong as a small collection of houses and paddocks by the bay.
In March 1836, three squatters, David Fisher, James Strachan and George Russell arrived on the Caledonia and settled the area.[14] Geelong was first surveyed by Assistant Surveyor, W. H. Smythe three weeks after Melbourne, and was gazetted as a town on 10 October 1838.[8] There was already a church, hotel, store and wool store, 82 houses, and the town population was 545.[8] By 1840, the first wool had been sent to England and a regular steamer service was running between Geelong and Melbourne.[20] Captain Foster Fyans was commissioned as the local Police Magistrate in 1837 and established himself on the Barwon River at the site of the area of present-day Fyansford.[22] Fyans constructed a breakwater to improve the water supply to the city by preventing the salty lower reaches from mixing with fresh water and pooling water.
The Geelong Keys were discovered around 1845 by Governor Charles La Trobe on Corio Bay. They were embedded in the stone in such a way that he believed that they had been there for 100–150 years, possibly dropped by Portuguese explorers.[23] In 1849, Fyans was nominated as the inaugural Mayor of the Geelong Town Council.[22] An early settler of Geelong, Alexander Thomson, for which the area of Thomson in East Geelong is named, settled on the Barwon River, and was Mayor of Geelong on five occasions from 1850–1858.[24]
1850s: Gold rush[link]
File:Geelong harbour 1857.jpg
A paddlesteamer approaches busy Geelong Harbour in 1857
Gold was discovered in nearby Ballarat in 1851, causing the Geelong population to grow to 23,000 people by the mid 1850s.[8] To counter this, a false map was issued by Melbourne interests to new arrivals, showing the quickest road to the goldfields as being via Melbourne.[8] The first issue of the Geelong Advertiser newspaper was published in 1840 by James Harrison, who also built the world's first Ether Vapour Compression Cycle ice making and refrigeration machine in 1844, later being commissioned by a brewery in 1856 to build a machine that cooled beer.[25]
The Geelong Hospital was opened in 1852, and construction on the Geelong Town Hall commenced in 1855.[10] Development of the Port of Geelong began with the creation of the first shipping channel in Corio Bay in 1853.[10] The Geelong to Melbourne railway was built by the Geelong and Melbourne Railway Company in 1857 [26] Rabbits were introduced to Australia in 1859 by Thomas Austin, who imported them from England for hunting purposes at his Barwon Park property near Winchelsea.[27] One of Geelong's best known department stores, Bright and Hitchcocks, was opened in 1861,[10] and the HM Prison Geelong built using convict labour, was opened in 1864.[28]
In 1866 Graham Berry started a newspaper, the Geelong Register, as a rival to the established Geelong Advertiser. When this proved unsuccessful, he bought the Advertiser and made himself editor of the now merged papers.[29] Using the paper as a platform, he was elected for West Geelong in 1869. In 1877 he switched to Geelong, which he represented until 1886, and served as Victorian Premier in 1875, 1877–1880, and 1880–1881.[30] On the Market Square in the middle of the city, a clock tower was erected in 1856,[31] and an Exhibition Building was opened in 1879.
1860s: The 'Sleepy Hollow'[link]
File:Geelong exhibition building and market square clocktower.jpg
Exhibition Building and Market Square Clocktower in 1879. (both since demolished)
The gold rush had seen Ballarat and Bendigo grow larger than Geelong in terms of population. Melbourne critics dubbed Geelong 'Sleepy Hollow',[8] a tag that recurred many times in the following years. A number of industries became established in Geelong, including Victoria's first woollen mill at South Geelong in 1868. In 1869 the clipper Lightning caught fire at the Yarra Street pier and was cast adrift in Corio Bay to burn before finally sunk by artillery fire.[20] Improvements to transport saw Geelong emerge as the centre of the Western District of Victoria, with railway lines extended towards Colac in 1876, and to Queenscliff in 1879.[26] Construction of the Hopetoun shipping channel began in 1881 and completed in 1893.[10]
The Geelong Cup was first held in 1872 and Victoria's first long distance telephone call was made from Geelong to Queenscliff on 8 January 1878, only one year after the invention of the device itself.[10] Geelong was also the home of a prosperous wine industry until the emergence of the grapevine eating insect phylloxera vastatrix in 1885, which killed the industry until the 1960s.[10] Between 1886 and 1889 the central business district's major banks and insurance companies erected new premises in a solid and ornate character.[8] The existing Geelong Post Office was built during this time and the Gordon Technical College was established. Further industrial growth occurred with the Fyansford cement works established in 1890.[32]
The town became known as 'the Pivot' in the 1860s owing to its being a central rail and shipping hub to Melbourne, Ballarat and the western district.[33]
1900s: A city develops[link]
The town of Geelong officially became a city on 8 December 1910. The city gained a number of essential services, with electric light supplied by the Geelong Power Station starting in 1902, the Geelong Harbour Trust was formed in December 1905,[34] and the Geelong Waterworks and Sewerage Trust formed in 1908. Electric trams began operation in 1912, travelling from the city centre to the suburbs until their demise in 1956.[35] The first of many stores on the Market Square was opened in 1913,[10] and the first Gala Day festival was held in 1916.[10]
Geelong's industrial growth accelerated in the 1920s: woollen mills, fertiliser plants, the Ford Motor Company's vehicle plant at Norlane, and the Corio whiskey distillery were all established in this period.[26] The Geelong Advertiser's radio station 3GL (now K-Rock) commenced transmission in 1930,[20] the Great Ocean Road was opened in 1932, and the T & G Building in 1934.
By 1936 Geelong had displaced Ballarat as Victoria's second largest city.[36]
In 1938 one of the last Port Philip Bay steamers, Edina, made its final trip to Geelong, ending a romantic period of seaside excursions and contests for the fastest trip. The Eastern Beach foreshore beautification and pool was completed in 1939 after almost 10 years of work.[10]
On the eve of World War II the International Harvester works were opened beside Ford at North Shore, a grain elevator at nearby Corio Quay, and the Shell Australia oil refinery.[26]
Post-war period[link]
Government housing was constructed in the suburbs of East Geelong, Norlane, North Shore and Corio from the 1950s to provide accommodation for the growing workforce. The banks of the Barwon River burst in 1952, flooding nearby Belmont Common.
Geelong continued to expand with Corio, Highton and Belmont growing at such a rate that in February 1967 Geelong accounted for 21 per cent of private home development in non-metropolitan Victoria.[8] Private vehicles became the city's major mode of transport. The first parking meters in the city were introduced in 1961, new petrol stations were constructed and the city's first supermarket, operated by Coles, opened in 1965.[8] Industrial growth continued with a second cement works operating at Waurn Ponds by 1964[26] and the Alcoa Point Henry aluminium smelter constructed in 1962.[37]
Federal Government policy changes on tariff protection led to the closure of many Geelong industrial businesses from the 1970s. The woollen mills closed in 1974 and hectares of warehouse space in the city centre were left empty after wool handling practices changed.[8] The Target head office opened in North Geelong, Deakin University was established at Waurn Ponds in 1974 and the Geelong Performing Arts Centre opened in 1981.[38] Later, the Australian Animal Health Laboratory was opened in 1985,[39] and the National Wool Museum in 1988.[40]
Market Square, the first enclosed shopping centre in the city was opened in 1985, with neighbouring Westfield Geelong (formerly Bay City Plaza) opened in 1988.[41] The Pyramid Building Society, founded in Geelong in 1959,[42] collapsed in 1990 leaving debts of A$1.3 billion to over 200,000 depositors,[43] and causing the Geelong economy to stagnate.[44] On 18 May 1993 the City of Greater Geelong was formed by the amalgamation of a number of smaller municipalities with the former City of Geelong.[45] The Waterfront Geelong redevelopment started in 1994 designed to enhance use and appreciation of Corio Bay[46] and in 1995 the Barwon River overflowed in the worst flood since 1952.[47]
21st century[link]
In 2004, Avalon Airport was upgraded to accommodate interstate passenger travel, providing a base for the low-cost airline Jetstar to service the Melbourne and Geelong urban areas.[48] Geelong is planned to expand towards the south coast, with 2,500 hectares of land to become a major suburban development for between 55,000 to 65,000 people, known as Armstrong Creek.[49] In 2006, construction began on the Geelong Ring Road, designed to replace the Princes Highway through Geelong from Corio to Waurn Ponds. It opened in 2009.
More than A$500 million worth of major construction was under way in 2007.[50] Major projects include the $150 million Westfield Geelong expansion works, involving a flyover of Yarra Street, the city's first Big W store and an additional 70 new speciality stores; the $37 million Deakin Waterfront campus redevelopment and the $23 million Deakin Medical School; the $50 million Edgewater apartment development on the waterfront; a number of multi-million dollar office developments in the CBD; and a new $30 million aquatic centre in Waurn Ponds.[50]
Major developments within Geelong are advocated by the region's formal alliance, G21 Geelong Region Alliance. The City of Greater Geelong and four other local municipalities form part of the alliance which identifies the Geelong region's priorities, advocate all levels of government for funding and implement the projects. G21 developed 'The Geelong Region Plan - a sustainable growth strategy' which was launched by Premier Brumby in 2007. It is the approved strategic plan for the Geelong region. In addition, major projects such as the Geelong Ring Road Connections and duplication of the Princes Highway West have obtained funding due to the combined efforts of the region's municipalities. As at November 2011, there are 13 Priority Projects for the Geelong region.
The Victorian Government announced the relocation of the Transport Accident Commission headquarters from Melbourne to Geelong in October 2006, which created 850 jobs and an annual economic benefit of over $59 million to the Geelong region.[51] The construction of the $80 million Brougham Street headquarters was completed in late 2008.[52] In November 2008 Ford Australia announced that its Australian designed I6 engine would be re-engineered to meet the latest emissions regulations and that consequently the engine manufacturing plant would be upgraded.
A change to the city skyline is occurring with a number of modern apartment buildings on the Waterfront and central business district planned or under construction. On 10 July 2008 approval was given for a $100 million twin tower apartment complex of 16 and 12 floors to be built on Mercer St in the city's Western edge. The towers will become the tallest buildings in the city, taking the title from the Mercure Hotel.[53] Further highrise developments are planned as part of the City of Greater Geelong's Geelong Western Edge strategic plan.[54] A $17 million 11 level apartment tower has also recently been proposed to be built next to the Deakin Waterfront Campus.[55]
In 2012 a design competition for a "city icon" was run for the City of Geelong by Deakin University and Senia Lawyers. The recipient of the prize and winning design entry was JOH Architects and their design titled "The Sea Dragon".[56]
Geography[link]
Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, a south-western inlet bay of Port Phillip. During clear weather, the Melbourne skyline is visible from areas of Geelong when viewed across Port Phillip. The Barwon River flows through the city to the south before entering Lake Connewarre and the Barwon River estuary at Barwon Heads before going into Bass Strait.[57]
Geologically the oldest rocks in the area date to the Cambrian period 500 million years ago, with volcanic activity occurring in the Devonian period 350 million years ago.[58] In prehistoric times water covered much of the lowlands that are now Geelong, with the Barwon River estuary located at Belmont Common, the course of the river being changed when Mount Moriac erupted and lava was sent eastwards towards Geelong.[57]
To the east of the city are the Bellarine Hills and the undulating plains of the Bellarine Peninsula. To the west are the sandstone derived Barrabool Hills and basalt Mount Duneed, and the volcanic plains to the north of Geelong extend to the Brisbane Ranges and the You Yangs.[58] Soils vary from sandy loam, basalt plains and river loam to rich volcanic soils,[59] suitable for intensive farming, grazing, forestry and vineyard plantation.
Many materials used to construct buildings were quarried from Geelong, such as bluestone from the You Yangs and sandstone from the Brisbane Ranges.[58] A small number of brown coal deposits exist in the Geelong region, most notably at Anglesea where it has been mined to fuel Alcoa's Anglesea Power Station since 1969.[60] Limestone has also been quarried for cement production at Fyansford since 1888,[32] and Waurn Ponds since 1964.[61]
City and suburbs[link]
Development in Geelong started on the shores of Corio Bay in what is now the inner city. Development later spread to the south towards the Barwon River, and the hill of Newtown and Geelong West. Major development south of the river in Belmont did not start until the 1920s, stimulated by the construction of a new bridge over the river in 1926, and the extension of the Geelong tramway system in 1927.[10] Industrial areas were traditionally located on the Corio Bay for port access,[62] or the Barwon River for waste disposal.
In the interwar and post World War II years heavy industry continued to establish itself in the flatter northern suburbs,[62] where today industries such as the Shell oil refinery and Ford Motor Company engine plant reside.[63] Residential development also spread to Corio in the north, with new Housing Commission of Victoria estates built to cater for employees of the new industries. From the 1960s residential growth spread to the Highton hills in the south, followed by Grovedale in the 1970s. A number of light industrial areas were also established in Breakwater, Moolap and South Geelong.[62]
Changing cargo handling methods at the Port of Geelong left woolstores in inner Geelong unused, redevelopment beginning in the 1980s with the expansion of Westfield Geelong towards Corio Bay, and culminating in the Waterfront Geelong development.[64] Gentrification of former working class inner suburbs such as Geelong West, North Geelong and South Geelong has also occurred.[65] Today the major residential growth corridors are north towards Lara, east towards Leopold, and south towards Mount Duneed as the Armstrong Creek Growth Area.[49]
Climate[link]
Geelong has stable weather while still offering four distinct seasons.[66] It has a temperate climate with dominant westerly winds, variable cloud, moderate precipitation, warm summers and cool winters.[67][68] January is the hottest month, and July is the coldest.[69] The highest temperature recorded was 47.9 °C (120 °F) on 7 February 2009, with the lowest of −4.4 °C (24 °F) recorded on 5 August 1997.[70] The average annual rainfall is around 520 millimetres (20 in), which makes Geelong the driest sizeable city in Australia, owing to the pronounced rain shadow of the Otway Ranges to the southwest.[69] Within the city, rainfall shows a strong gradient from south to north, so that the southernmost suburbs can receive around 700 millimetres (28 in) whilst more northerly Lara receives as little as 425 millimetres (17 in), which is the lowest rainfall in southern Victoria.[71]
| Climate data for Geelong | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 45.3 (113.5) |
47.4 (117.3) |
41.5 (106.7) |
34.8 (94.6) |
27.6 (81.7) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
29.6 (85.3) |
37.1 (98.8) |
37.3 (99.1) |
43.1 (109.6) |
47.4 (117.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 24.4 (75.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
12.0 (53.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
7.8 (46.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
5.4 (41.7) |
5.8 (42.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
7.6 (45.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
9.0 (48.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.5 (40.1) |
5.8 (42.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
1.4 (34.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
0.6 (33.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.6 (36.7) |
3.3 (37.9) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
| Rainfall mm (inches) | 34.0 (1.339) |
29.7 (1.169) |
30.2 (1.189) |
46.0 (1.811) |
47.3 (1.862) |
41.7 (1.642) |
50.3 (1.98) |
48.2 (1.898) |
49.5 (1.949) |
49.7 (1.957) |
51.4 (2.024) |
40.9 (1.61) |
518.9 (20.429) |
| Avg. rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4.1 | 3.1 | 4.5 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 9.6 | 8.2 | 6.2 | 5.4 | 81.5 |
| Source: [72] | |||||||||||||
Economy[link]
File:Shopsinsidegeelongbaycity2.JPG
Westfield Bay City in 2006
More than 10,000 businesses employ over 80,000 people in the Geelong region,[11] with manufacturing and processing industries providing around 15,000 jobs, followed by 13,000 in retail, and 8,000 in health and community services.[11]
Geelong's major employers include the Ford Motor Company engine plant in Norlane, aircraft maintenance at Avalon Airport, the head office of retail chain Target, the Bartter (Steggles) chicken processing plant, Alcoa's Point Henry aluminium smelter, and the Shell oil refinery at Corio.[73]
The Geelong region attracted over 6,000,000 tourists during 2001.[74] Major tourist attractions include the Waterfront Geelong precinct and Eastern Beach on the shores of Corio Bay, the Ford Discovery Centre and National Wool Museum in the city, and more than 30 historical buildings listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.[75] The Geelong area hosts regular international events which are also tourist drawcards including the Australian International Airshow.
Geelong has a number of shopping precincts in the CBD and surrounding suburbs. The two main shopping centres are located in the CBD - Westfield Geelong and Market Square, with smaller centres in the suburbs including Belmont Plaza and Waurn Ponds Shopping Centre in the south, Bellarine Village in Newcomb in the east, and Corio Village Shopping Centre in the north.[11] The opening of the major shopping centres have seen a decline in strip shopping on Moorabool Street, with many empty shops and few customers.[76] Geelong is also home to Mitre 10's largest franchisees Fagg's operating five stores across the town and employing over 160 people.
Located in Geelong are major research laboratories, the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory in East Geelong, CSIRO Division of Textiles and Fibres Technology in Belmont and the Marine and Freshwater Resources Institute at Queenscliff.
Demographics[link]
| Population over time[10] | |
|---|---|
| 1841 | 454 |
| 1846 | 2,065 |
| 1851 | 8,291 |
| 1854 | 20,115 |
| 1861 | 22,929 |
| 1891 | 17,445 |
| 1901 | 25,017 |
| 1907 | 28,021 |
| 1921 | 31,689 |
| 1933 | 39,223 |
| 1946 | 51,000 |
| 1954 | 72,995 |
| 1961 | 91,666 |
| 1966 | 105,059 |
| 1976 | 122,080 |
| 1981 | 141,279 |
| 1988 | 146,349 |
| 2006 | 160,991 |
| 2009 | 179,971 |
| 2010 | 184,583 |
As of the 2006 Census, there were 160,000 people residing in 68,000 households. The median age of persons in Geelong was 37 years. 19.4% of the population of Geelong were children aged between 0–14 years, and 26.6% were persons aged 55 years and over.[1] Each dwelling is on average occupied by 2.59 persons, slightly lower than the state and national averages.[77] The median household income was $901 per week, $121 less than the state average, partly due to higher reliance on manufacturing for employment.[77] The population of Geelong is growing by 2500 people each year,[78] and the City of Greater Geelong had the highest rate of building activity in Victoria outside metropolitan Melbourne.[79]
78.4% of people from Geelong are Australian born, with the most common overseas birthplaces being: England (3.6%), Italy (1.1%), Croatia (1.0%), Netherlands (0.9%), Scotland (0.8%). 14.2% of households speak a language other than English in the home.[1] Notable ethnic groups in the city are the Croatian community, who first came to the city in the 1850s[80] and with migration since World War II are now the largest Croatian community in Australia,[81] and the German settlers who founded Germantown (now Grovedale) in 1849 to escape repression in Prussia for their Lutheran faith.[82]
The 2006 Census found the most common religious affiliations in Geelong were Catholicism at 29.4%. St Mary of the Angels Basilica is the largest congregation in the city. Other affiliations of resident of Geelong include No Religion 20.5%, Anglican 14.6%, Uniting Church 7.9% and Presbyterian and Reformed at 4.3%.[1] The city has a large number of traditional Christian churches, as well as Orthodox Christian churches in the northern suburbs.
Governance[link]
In local government, the Geelong region is covered by the City of Greater Geelong. The council was created in 1993 as an amalgamation of a number of other municipalities in the region,[45] with the council chambers located at the Geelong Town Hall in central Geelong. The City is made up of 12 wards, each represented by a councillor elected once every four years by postal voting.[83] The Mayor of Geelong is elected from these councillors by their colleagues for a one year term.[83]
In state politics, Geelong is located in the Legislative Assembly districts of Geelong, South Barwon, Lara, and Bellarine, with all seats with the exception of South Barwon currently held by the Australian Labor Party.[84]
In federal politics, Geelong is located in two House of Representatives divisions - the Division of Corio to the north of the Barwon River, and the Division of Corangamite to the south. The Division of Corio has been a safe Australian Labor Party since the 1970s, and was the seat of Richard Casey, a leading Cabinet member in the 1930s and later Governor-General, and Gordon Scholes, who was Speaker during the Whitlam government.[85] The Division of Corangamite had been a safe seat for the Liberal Party since the 1940s, and was the seat of the ninth Prime Minister of Australia James Scullin.[86] It was reclaimed by the Australian Labor Party for the first time since 1931 at the 2007 federal election.[87]
Culture[link]
Events and Festivals[link]
The Royal Geelong Show is held each year at the Geelong Showgrounds.
Other smaller events include Pako Festival, Gala Day Parade and Family Fun Day and the Geelong Heritage Festival run by the local branch of the National Trust.
Geelong also hosts an international photographic salon every two years. Vigex was first held in 1980.
Arts and entertainment[link]
Geelong is home to a number of pubs, nightclubs and live music venues and has also given birth to a number of notable Australian bands and musicians such as Barry Crocker,[88] Gyan Evans,[89] Magic Dirt,[90] Jeff Lang,[91] and Denis Walter.[92] Geelong also hosts festivals such as the Queenscliff Music Festival, Meredith Music Festival, the Offshore Festival, Poppykettle Festival and Pako Festa, and has a number of cultural venues, including the Geelong Performing Arts Centre (commonly known as GPAC),[93] the 1500 seat Costa Hall auditorium, and the Geelong Art Gallery.[94]
Media[link]
The Geelong Advertiser, the oldest newspaper title in Victoria and the second oldest in Australia,[95][96] was established in 1840. Also circulated are the free Geelong Independent, and Geelong News newspapers.
Geelong receives free-to-air television from Melbourne, including the community channel Channel 31. Networks offered are ABC, SBS, Seven Network, Nine Network & Network Ten. The Geelong region also receives cable and satellite television service through Pay-TV operators Foxtel & Neighbourhood Cable.
The local radio stations are K-Rock (rock & pop music station), Rhema FM (Christian community station), Hot Country Radio (country music station), The Pulse (community radio service), 3GPH (radio reading service), and Bay FM (adult contemporary). Transmitters for K-Rock, The Pulse, Rhema FM & Bay FM are located at a shared transmitter site on Mt Bellarine near Drysdale. Most radio stations from Melbourne can also be received clearly in Geelong and the surrounding region.
In popular culture[link]
Geelong has inspired many[who?]visual artists, with several celebrated works depicting the city including Eugene von Guerard who depicted early Geelong in sketches and oil paintings including View of Geelong.
Geelong is a popular filming location. The Geelong region was used as the setting of the SeaChange television series, filmed on location at Barwon Heads between 1998 and 2002.[97] The city has also been the filming location of a number of feature films; including the final scenes On the Beach (1959) at Barwon Heads,[98] Mad Max (1979) around Lovely Banks and Lara, Everynight ... Everynight (1994) at HM Prison Geelong, Ned Kelly (2003) and Ghost Rider (2007) at the Little River Earth Sanctuary,[99] December Boys (2007) in South Geelong at Kardinia Pool,[100] and Knowing (2008) on the Geelong Ring Road.[101]
Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) have been named after Geelong, HMAS Geelong (J201) and HMAS Geelong (FCPB 215).
Education[link]
Main article: List of schools in Geelong
Geelong is served by a number of public and private schools that cater to local and overseas students. Over 40,000 primary and secondary students are enrolled in schools in Geelong, with another 27,000 students enrolled in tertiary and further education courses.[11] The first schools in Geelong were established when the town was settled from the 1850s, among them were the elite private schools The Geelong College and Geelong Grammar School.[73]
Geelong is also home to the oldest state secondary school in Victoria, Geelong High School, which has been serving the community since 1905; for over 100 years.
The Gordon Memorial Technical College opened in 1888, and is known today as the Gordon Institute of TAFE.[10] In 1976 the Gordon Institute was divided into two parts, with academic courses becoming part of the newly formed Deakin University based at the Waurn Ponds campus.[102] Deakin University enrolled its first students at its Waurn Ponds campus in 1977. Today the university is located on a 365 hectare site and has over 1,000 staff and over 4,000 on-campus students.[103] The university also has a campus located on the waterfront of Corio Bay in the Geelong CBD, and from 2008 the campus at Waurn Ponds will be home to Victoria's first regional medical school.[104]
Infrastructure[link]
Health[link]
The major public hospital is Geelong Hospital on Ryrie Street which services the entire region and the largest private hospital is the nearby St John of God Health Care centre on Myers Street. Prominent healthcare services include Geelong Health (Geelong West) and Barwon Health.
Utilities[link]
Water storage and supply in Geelong is managed by Barwon Water, a Victorian Government owned urban water corporation. Geelong is supplied with water from three river systems: the Barwon River, the East Moorabool River and the West Moorabool River. The catchment areas are the Brisbane Ranges to Geelong's north-west, and the Otway Ranges to the south-west. The first water supplies to Geelong were from the Stony Creek reservoirs near Steiglitz, but today the West Barwon Reservoir system supplies approximately 70 per cent of the water for Geelong.[105] Sewage from Geelong and district is treated at the Black Rock Treatment Plant at Breamlea and then discharged into Bass Strait.
Geelong was first supplied with electricity in 1902 when the Geelong power station opened on the corner of Yarra and Brougham Streets. Later known as 'Geelong A', the power station was rebuilt in 1920 to increase the capacity, with the station continued operating until 1961. In 1936 Geelong was connected to the state electrical grid. The 'Geelong B' power station at North Geelong opened in 1954,[37] and was closed in 1970 due to the much higher efficiency of the power stations in the Latrobe Valley. The supply of piped coal gas in Geelong started in 1860 by the Geelong Gas Company. The gasworks were located in North Geelong next to the North Geelong railway station.[106] Geelong was converted to natural gas in 1971, with the Geelong Gas Company being taken over by the Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria on 30 June 1971.[107]
Transportation[link]
The main form of transportation in Geelong is the automobile. Geelong is well-connected by roads to all of south-west Victoria, to Melbourne by the Princes Freeway (M1), to Warrnambool by the Princes Highway (A1), the Bellarine Peninsula by the Bellarine Highway (B110), Ballarat by the Midland Highway (A300), and to Hamilton by the Hamilton Highway (B140). The $380 million Geelong Ring Road bypasses the greater Geelong urban area exiting the Princes Highway near Corio to rejoin the highway at Waurn Ponds.[108] The "Lewis Bandt Bridge", named in honour of the Ford Australia engineer who is credited as the inventor of the ute (1934), in Geelong is a feature of the new road.[109]
Rail[link]
Geelong is a major hub for Rail transport in Victoria being at the junction of the Geelong line, Warrnambool V/Line rail service, Western standard gauge line and the Geelong-Ballarat railway line.[26] There are seven passenger railway stations in the urban area, all along the Geelong line and all operated by V/Line[110] None of these lines are electrified and trains servicing Geelong are currently Diesel engine powered. The Geelong line offers hourly VLocity fast passenger services to Melbourne which are popular with commuters. According to V/Line the Geelong line carries more passengers than any other regional rail line in Australia.[111] Passenger services run to Warrnambool three times connecting Geelong with Colac, Terang and Camperdown. Great Southern Railway's The Overland service between Melbourne and Adelaide also stops at North Shore three times per week.[112] Freight trains also operate from Melbourne to Geelong serving local industries,[63] as well as to Warrnambool and other western Victorian towns. The main Melbourne-Adelaide standard gauge line sees heavy use carrying interstate freight.
Port and airport[link]
The Port of Geelong is located on the shores of Corio Bay, and is the sixth largest seaport in Australia by tonnage.[113] Major commodities include crude oil and petroleum products, export grain and woodchips, alumina imports, and fertiliser.[114] The Bellarine Peninsula has been linked to the Mornington Peninsula since 1987[115] by the Searoad ferry, which runs every hour using two roll-on/roll-off ferries.[116]
Avalon Airport is located approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) to the north-east of the city of Geelong. It was established in 1953 to cater for the production of military aircraft.[117] It was also used for the repair of commercial aircraft, and for pilot training. Avalon Airport has also been home to low cost airline Jetstar Airways since 2004.[48] Flights to Brisbane and Sydney use the airport. Avalon Airport is the venue for 'Thunder Down Under' Australian International Airshow every other year.
Bus and taxi[link]
A bus network covering the city centre and most surrounding suburbs providing public transport. They are operated under the umbrella of the Geelong Transit System, and are contracted to Benders Busways and McHarry's Buslines.[118] Another government transport initiative, Bellarine Transit, is contracted to McHarry's Buslines and provides interurban services between Geelong and the towns of Torquay, Barwon Heads, Ocean Grove and the Bellarine Peninsula.[110] V/Line services link Geelong with Ballarat, Daylesford, Bendigo, Apollo Bay, the Great Ocean Road, the Twelve Apostles and Warrnambool.[110]
Taxi services in Geelong are provided by Geelong Taxi Network, a newly formed depot following the effective merger of Bay City Cabs and Geelong Radio Cabs in July 2007.[119] The majority of the network covers the city and suburban areas of the city, with "urban" classification for the vehicles in use. The Bellarine Peninsula, and Torquay areas, although part of Geelong Taxi Network, are both covered by separate "country" classification taxis. There are often disputes in regards to different taxis from one licence area, picking up work from either of the other two licence areas, which is illegal in most circumstances under current taxi regulations in Victoria.[120] Call centre and radio dispatch services for the new combined network are provided by Silver Top Taxis in Melbourne.
Geelong also has many kilometres of bicycle trails covering the shores of Corio Bay and the Barwon River parklands, in addition to the Bellarine Rail Trail.[121]
Sports[link]
Geelong is home to the Geelong Football Club Australian Football League team, the second oldest AFL club[122] and one of the oldest in the world. For many years it was the only VFL/AFL club to exist outside of the greater Melbourne metropolitan area. It continues to participate in the national competition, based at Kardinia Park stadium and Etihad Stadium in Melbourne, and also fields a reserves side in the Victorian Football League.[122] The club won the 2007 grand final against Port Adelaide by 119 points, the biggest grand final winning margin in history and the first Geelong premiership victory for 44 years.[123] The club also won the 2009 and 2011 AFL grand finals held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. There are also three independent football leagues running in the area, the Geelong Football League, the Geelong & District Football League, and the Bellarine Football League.[124]
Geelong has a horse racing club, the Geelong Racing Club, which schedules around 22 race meetings a year including the Geelong Cup meeting in October.[125] The Geelong Cup was first run in 1872,[126] and is considered one of the most reliable guides to the result of the Melbourne Cup.[127] It also has a picnic horse racing club, Geelong St Patricks Racing Club, which holds its one race meeting a year in February.[128]
Geelong Harness Racing Club conducts regular meetings at its racetrack at Corio,[129] and the Geelong Greyhound Racing Club holds regular meetings.[130]
The Geelong Baseball Centre in Waurn Ponds is home of the Geelong Baycats. The Baycats are the only provincial team in Baseball Victoria's Division One competition and were the 2005/2006 State Champions. The Geelong Baseball Centre has hosted a number of National Championship, the 2002 Women's World Championships and was home to the Chiba Lotte Marines for spring training in 2005 and 2006.
The Arena stadium in North Geelong is the home of the Geelong Supercats basketball team, and was also used during the 2006 Commonwealth Games for basketball matches.[131]
The Eastern Beach foreshore and nearby Eastern Gardens regularly host internationally televised triathlons, and annual sports car and racing car events such as the Geelong Speed Trials.[132]
Corio Bay is also host to many sailing and yachting events. Geelong also has many golf courses, sporting and recreation ovals and playing fields, as well as facilities for water skiing, rowing, fishing, hiking, and greyhound and harness racing.[133] Geelong Athletics holds athletic competitions during both the summer and winter months including high profile events such as Victorian and sometimes national and international track and field meets.
See also[link]
.svg){kind=small}
- Geelong Field Naturalists Club
- List of Heritage listed buildings in Geelong
- List of Mayors of Geelong
- Category:People from Geelong
- Electoral district of Geelong
References[link]
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- ^ Begg, Peter Twin towers earmarked for Mercer St Geelong Advertiser. 10 July 2008
- ^ Geelong Western Edge
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- ^ "Climate". Department of Primary Industries website. http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/coranregn.nsf/pages/corangamite_climate. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
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- ^ "Climate Averages for AVALON AIRPORT". Bureau of Meteorology website. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087113_All.shtml. Retrieved 2007-12-25.
- ^ Victoria annual rainfall
- ^ "Climate statistics for Geelong". Bureau of Meteorology. http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087163.shtml.
- ^ a b "Geelong Fast Facts" (PDF). City of Greater Geelong website. Archived from the original on 2007-08-29. http://web.archive.org/web/20070829045722/http://www.biogeelong.com.au/library/pdf/5240/67.pdf. Retrieved 2007-12-30.
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- ^ The Geelong Gas Company 1858 - 1958: 100 years of public service and progressive development
- ^ "GEELONG GAS COMPANY LIMITED". deListed website. http://www.delisted.com.au/Company/3376/GEELONG%20GAS%20COMPANY%20LIMITED. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
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- ^ How busy is my Geelong train? V/Line
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- ^ "'Geelong port contributes $500mn a year to Victoria'". The Age (Melbourne). 12 September 2005. http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/geelong-port-contributes-500mn-a-year-to-victoria/2005/09/11/1126377204533.html. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
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- ^ "2 into 1 Geelong taxi service". Geelong Times. 2007-05-02. http://www.thegeelongtimes.com.au/news/View_Item.asp?task=edit&id=108. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
- ^ "Move to Ban Bellarine Taxis in Geelong". Geelong Advertiser. http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/article/2008/09/25/18765_news.html.
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- ^ Australian Harness Racing. "Geelong". http://www.harness.org.au/geelong/geelong.cfm?fromstate=vic. Retrieved 2009-05-11
- ^ Greyhound Racing Victoria. "Geelong". http://geelong.grv.org.au/index.html. Retrieved 2009-04-15 [dead link]
- ^ "The Arena, Geelong". Office of Commonwealth Games Coordination website. Archived from the original on 2007-08-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20070808180500/http://www1.dvc.vic.gov.au/ocgc/traffic+and+transport/guide/the-arena-geelong.html. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
- ^ "Home Page". Geelong Speed Trials. http://www.geelongspeedtrials.com. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
- ^ "Reserves Listing". City of Greater Geelong website. Archived from the original on 2007-12-14. http://web.archive.org/web/20071214142509/http://www.geelongaustralia.com.au/Services_In_Geelong/Sports_and_Recreation/Reserves_Listing/. Retrieved 2007-12-22.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Geelong |
- Official Geelong Government Site
- Official Website of the Geelong Otway Tourism Region of the Great Ocean Road
- Official G21 - Geelong Region Alliance Site including Growth Statistics
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| The Honourable Jeff Kennett AC |
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|---|---|
 |
|
| 43rd Premier of Victoria | |
| In office 6 October 1992 – 20 October 1999 |
|
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Deputy | Pat McNamara |
| Preceded by | Joan Kirner |
| Succeeded by | Steve Bracks |
| Constituency | Burwood |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jeffrey Gibb Kennett (1948-03-02) 2 March 1948 (age 64) Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Political party | Liberal Party of Australia |
| Spouse(s) | Felicity Kellar (m. 1972) |
Jeffrey Gibb Kennett AC (born 2 March 1948), a former Australian politician, was the Premier of Victoria between 1992 and 1999. He was the President of Hawthorn Football Club from 2005 - 2011. He is the founding Chairman of beyondblue, a national depression initiative.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Kennett was born in Melbourne on 2 March 1948, and educated at Scotch College.[1] Kennett was an unexceptional student academically, but did well in Scotch's Cadet Corps Unit. His failure to rise above the middle band academically almost led him to quit school in Fourth Form (Year 10 – 1963), but he was persuaded to stay on. His Fifth and Sixth Forms were an improvement, but he was still described in school reports as "[a] confident and at times helpful boy. Sometimes irritates. Sometimes works hard" (1964), and "[a] keen, pleasant, though sometimes erratic boy" (1965).[2]
After leaving school, Kennett was persuaded by his father Ken to attend the Australian National University in Canberra, but lost interest and dropped out after one year of an economics degree. He returned to Melbourne and found work in the advertising department of the retail giant Myer – kindling an interest for advertising that would one day earn him his living.[3]
Kennett's life in the regular workforce was cut short when, in 1968, he was conscripted into the Australian Army.[4] Kennett was singled out as 'officer material' early in his career, and graduated third in his class from the gruelling Officer Training Unit (OTU) Scheyville, near Windsor, New South Wales, outside Sydney. He was posted to Malaysia and Singapore as Second Lieutenant, commander of 1st Platoon, A Company, 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (1RAR).[5] This military career (and his earlier experience in the Scotch College Cadet Corps) has been noted by many biographers as an essential formative influence on the adult Kennett's character. His sense and regard for hierarchical loyalty, punctuality, and general intolerance of dissent or disobedience may be traced to this period.[6]
Kennett returned to civilian life in 1970, reentering a deeply divided Australian society, split by the Vietnam War, of which Kennett was a firm supporter. Having returned to Myer, Kennett became impatient with his work, and so with Ian Fegan and Eran Nicols, he formed his own advertising company (KNF) in June 1971.[7] Thereafter, in December 1972, Kennett married Felicity Kellar, an old friend whom he had first met on the Number 7 tram on the long trips to school. Their first son, Ed, was born in 1974, followed by a daughter Amy, and two more sons, Angus and Ross.
Political career[link]
Interested in local politics since the early 1970s, Kennett was elected as a Liberal Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Burwood in 1976.[8] His preselection for the seat reportedly irritated then Premier Dick Hamer, who disliked Kennett's campaigning style, and had endorsed the sitting member, Haddon Storey.[8] Entering Hamer's government, Kennett was soon appointed Minister for Housing, Immigration and Ethnic Affairs in 1981. He retained this post when Hamer was replaced as Liberal leader and Premier by Lindsay Thompson in June of that year.[8] Following the defeat of the longstanding Liberal government in 1982, Kennett was the leading candidate to replace Lindsay Thompson, and on 26 October, he was elected Leader of the Liberal Party, despite being the youngest member of the outgoing Cabinet. He was an aggressive Leader of the Opposition, and was much criticised for his "bull-in-a-china-shop" style and his populist anti-government rhetoric.[9]
Kennett's performance as Opposition Leader is a subject of debate. Economou sees his 1985 and 1988 election campaigns as weak,[10] while Parkinson believes he was a significant asset in pushing the Labor government of John Cain in several key seats.[11] Whether judged a success or not, Kennett soon faced a challenge to his leadership of the party from Ian Smith. Kennett survived easily, but increasingly, he seemed an erratic and unapproachable leader. He faced two more challenges to his leadership in 1986 and 1987 respectively.[10] In 1987, in one notable incident Kennett referred to the Federal Liberal leader John Howard using colourful language in a mobile telephone conversation with Howard rival Andrew Peacock.[12] The car-phone conversation damaged both Howard and Kennett, but aided Peacock in his push to return as Federal Liberal leader (1989).[13]
Toward the end of its second term the Cain government had endured some loss in support and the Liberals were considered a good chance of winning the 1988 election. When Cain was returned with a small but workable majority, Kennett was again criticised within his own party, and in 1989 he was deposed as leader and replaced by Alan Brown, a little-known rural Member of the Legislative Assembly. A furious Kennett described Alan Hunt, the instigator of the coup, as "a man never to be trusted"[citation needed]. He publicly pledged never to attempt a return to the Liberal leadership, but when Brown proved unable to challenge the government effectively, he allowed his supporters to stage a shock party-room coup and restore him to the leadership, unopposed, in 1991.
First term as premier[link]
 |
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Given the parlous state of Victoria's finances being in billions of dollars in debt, Kennett was seen from the beginning of his second leadership stint as 'Premier-in-waiting'. The Liberals (in coalition with the National Party of Australia) won the October 1992 election in a landslide as a result of the public's disillusionment with the Labor government. In the second-largest landslide in history, the Liberals and Nationals attained a 34-seat majority in the Legislative Assembly and were thus uniquely placed to govern with little restraint.[citation needed]
In office, Kennett immediately instituted one of the most effective budget-cutting and privatisation programs undertaken by any Victorian government, in an effort to improve the State's economy. Having assumed office, the need for such effective action was reinforced when Kennett and his new Treasurer Alan Stockdale discovered that the outgoing government had left them with $2.2 billion budget deficit, a net public sector debt of $33 billion and budget sector debt of $16 billion. To combat this debt, some 50,000 public servants were retrenched between 1992 and 1995.
Moreover, in the first three years of the 'Kennett Revolution' (as the Premier himself came to term it), government funding for the public school system was slashed, with 350 government schools closed, and 7,000 teaching jobs removed. Other highly controversial moves included the sacking of 16,000 public transport workers in a major technological upgrade of the system, and the initiation of a huge scheme for privatisation of state-owned services, including the electricity (SECV) and gas (Gas and Fuel Corporation of Victoria) utilities, ambulance service, as well as several prisons and other minor services. The sale of the Totalisator Agency Board raised $609 million.Between 1995 and 1998, $29 billion of state assets in gas and electricity alone were sold to private enterprise (for statistics, see Parkinson, Jeff, 1999). [14]. In the wake of these changes, investment and population growth slowly resumed, though unemployment was to remain above the national average for the duration of Kennett's premiership. While the benefits to the State budget figures were indisputable, the social and longer-term economic cost of the Kennett reforms was questioned by many commentators, academics and those who suffered economically through the period of reform.[citation needed] This campaign of privatisations and cutbacks led to governmental acts of privatisation or budget-cutting becoming popularly known as being "Jeffed".[15][16]
The largest public protest in Melbourne since the Vietnam War occurred on 10 November 1992, with an estimated 100,000 people marching in opposition to the retrenchment of so many workers and the massive budget cutbacks. Kennett was notably undeterred by this protest, and famously commented that though there were 100,000 outside his office that day, there were 4.5 million who stayed at home or at work.[citation needed]
It is difficult to assess the merits or otherwise of Kennett's 'Revolution' in his first term, as many (including Auditor-General Ches Baragwanath) estimate that the true value of the reforms will not be apparent until well into the 21st century.[citation needed]
The Kennett government also embarked on a series of high-profile capital works projects, such as the restoration of Parliament House (never completed), construction of a new $250 million Melbourne Museum and IMAX theatre, and a new $130 million Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centre (still known colloquially as 'Jeff's Shed'). Other projects, made possible in monetary terms by the early cutbacks and budget restructuring, included a $160 million expansion of the National Gallery of Victoria; $100 million for refurbishment of the State Library of Victoria; $65 million for a new Melbourne Sports and Aquatic Centre (MSAC); and $130 million for the construction of a new civic square on the site of the old Gas and Fuel Buildings, to be known as Federation Square.
The poaching of the Formula 1 Grand Prix from Adelaide in 1993 was a particular coup for Kennett, who had worked hard with his friend Ron Walker, the Chairman of the Melbourne Major Events Company, helped deliver Melbourne the hosting rights for the event from Adelaide in 1993.[17]
The most controversial project of the Kennett era was the $1.85 billion Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex, a gambling and entertainment centre on Melbourne's Southbank. Initial plans for a casino had been made under the Labor government, however the tendering process and construction occurred under Kennett. Allegations of financial inconsistencies in the tendering process (which eventually saw longtime Kennett supporters Ron Walker and Lloyd Williams successful) were to dog the Kennett government for many years, despite the verdict of an enquiry which found no wrongdoing on its behalf.[citation needed]
A $2 billion project to redevelop Melbourne's derelict Docklands area to include a new football stadium was also undertaken, in addition to the massive CityLink project, a project resurrected from the 1969 Melbourne Transportation Plan, aimed at linking Melbourne's freeways, easing traffic problems in the inner city, and reducing commuting times from the outer suburbs to the CBD.[citation needed]
Second term as premier[link]
Kennett's personal popularity remained high through his first term, though that of the government as a whole went through peaks and troughs. Without a by-election in the previous four years, the 1996 election shaped up as the first test of the 'Kennett Revolution' with the electorate. Though expected to win, the scale of the victory was unanticipated. On 30 March 1996, Kennett was reelected with a 32-seat majority, his prestige seemingly undiminished.
Kennett was influential in Melbourne bidding for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Three cities initially expressed interest in hosting the event; Melbourne, Wellington and Singapore. Singapore dropped out before its bid was officially selected by the Commonwealth Games Federation, leaving only two candidate cities. In the weeks prior to the announcement of the 2006 host, Wellington withdrew its bid, citing the costs involved with matching the bid plan presented by Melbourne, which became the default host without members of the Federation going to vote. [18]
Several worrying trends (for the Liberals) were obscured somewhat by the euphoria of victory. The government's sharp cuts to government services were particularly resented in country Victoria, where the Liberals and their coalition partners, National Party held almost all the seats. The loss of the Mildura seat to an independent Russell Savage was an indication of this disaffection, and when in February 1997 independent Susan Davies was elected to the seat of Gippsland West, this trend seemed set to continue.
However, the verdict of many was that the 'Kennett Revolution' was far from over – indeed it was seemingly set in stone with the opening of the Crown Casino in May 1997. Kennett's profile continued to grow as he became a major commentator on national issues, including urging the new government of John Howard to introduce tax reform, and actively opposing the rise of the One Nation Party of Pauline Hanson. In this last case, Kennett did not shy away from criticising the media, but also the intransigence of the Howard government over its failure to actively oppose Hanson's agenda.[19]
The government lost ground over the next few years, with high-profile disagreements with the Director of Public Prosecutions Bernard Bongiorno, and Auditor-General Ches Baragwanath fuelling criticism of Kennett's governmental style. Kennett's antipathy to Baragwanath led to 1997 legislation to restructure the office of the Auditor-General and set up Audit Victoria. While Kennett promised the independence of the office would be maintained, many saw his government's actions as an attempt to curb the Auditor-General's power to criticise government policy.[20] Widespread community debate and substantial public dissent from Liberal MPs and Party members ensued, with MLA Roger Pescott resigning from Parliament at the height of the debate; citing his disagreement with this Bill and Kennett's style in general. The Liberal Party lost the by-election in Mitcham.
Further scandals involving the handling of contracts for the state emergency services response system damaged the credibility of Kennett in 1997–1998, while rural dissent continued to grow.
Personal difficulties also began to plague Kennett and his family. The strains of public life led to a trial separation between Felicity and Jeff in early 1998 (patched up by the end of the year), while earlier in Kennett's first term, public scrutiny had led to the forced sale of the KNF Advertising Company, despite all Kennett's involvement having been transferred to his wife's name. There were rumours in 1998 that Kennett might retire from politics; these were mostly centred around Phil Gude, a longtime minister (as Industry and Employment Minister, 1992–1996, and Minister for Education, 1996–1999). These eventually came to nothing, but nevertheless, Kennett's position was no longer as rock solid as in the period 1992–1998.
In July 1998, Liberal MP Peter McLellan, Member for Frankston East, resigned from the party in protest over alleged corrupt Liberal Party Senate preselection, changes to WorkCover and the auditor-general’s office. Again, Kennett failed to pick up the warning signs of declining support for his style of leadership.
Labor leader John Brumby took care to capitalise on each of Kennett's mistakes over this period, though his absences in rural electorates were misunderstood by many Labor MPs, and led to his replacement by Steve Bracks in early 1999. Bracks, who came from Ballarat, was popular in rural areas and was seen as a fresh alternative to Brumby, who nevertheless remained a key figure in the shadow Cabinet. Despite the appeal of Bracks, Kennett entered the 1999 election campaign with a seemingly unassailable lead, and most commentators and opinion polls agreed that he would win a third term. On the morning of the election a leading political journalist, Ewen Hannan, predicted that 'Labor supporters will be crying into their beers tonight'.[citation needed]
1999 election loss[link]
The Liberals lost 13 seats to Labor, led by Steve Bracks, at the 1999 election, most of them in regional centres such as Ballarat and Bendigo. The final result in the Legislative Assembly was: Labor, 42 seats; the Liberals and Nationals, 43; with three independents holding the balance of power. Independents Russell Savage and Susan Davies were joined by a third Independent, Craig Ingram. Negotiations began between Kennett's Liberal Party and the three independents. While Kennett acceded to their demands, his perceived poor treatment of Savage and Davies in the previous parliament meant that they held a position that they would never agree to support a Liberal Party minority government while Kennett remained leader. The Liberal negotiators did not reveal this to their party and Labor was ultimately successful in winning their support to form a government, after signing a Charter of Good Government, pledging to restore services to rural areas, and promising parliamentary reforms.
The defeat of the Kennett government was almost totally unexpected. Kennett's supporters urged the Liberal Party to force a vote of 'no confidence' on the floor of the parliament in a last-ditch effort to force Savage, Davies and Ingram to support the Liberal government; however with the Liberal Party divided on Kennett's future role, Kennett resigned as Leader of the Liberal Party and from Parliament, saying he wished to have no further involvement in politics. The consequent Burwood by-election was won by the Labor Party.
Rumoured returns to politics[link]
After the Liberals' second election defeat in 2002, rumours began that Kennett was planning a comeback to politics. The issue came to a head in May 2006 after the sudden resignation of the Liberal Party leader, Robert Doyle, when Kennett announced he would contemplate standing in a by-election for the seat vacated by Doyle and offering himself as party leader. His stance was supported by Prime Minister John Howard, who rated him as the party's best hope to win the November 2006 state election. But within 24 hours Kennett announced he would not return to Parliament rather than running against Ted Baillieu, whom Kennett had been grooming for the top post since 1999.[21][22] John Howard was reported to have been "embarrassed" by having publicly supported Kennett before his decision not to re-enter politics.[23]
In 2008, it was rumoured that Kennett was intending to stand for Lord Mayor of Melbourne. Despite endorsing future Lord Mayor John So in the 2001 mayoral elections, Kennett was quoted as saying "I think the city is ready for a change". Kennett claimed he had been approached by "a range of interests" to run for the position, but in the end did not do so.[24] Former Liberal leader Robert Doyle ultimately won the election.
Life after politics[link]
In 2000 Kennett became the inaugural chairman of beyondblue (the National Depression Initiative), a body that was largely formed by the efforts of the Victorian State Government. On 24 June 2008, he announced that he would be stepping down from his role at beyondblue at the end of 2010[25][26]. This did not happen.
For a brief period during 2002, Kennett was a radio presenter for Melbourne station 3AK, continuing an interest in mass communication which was also a feature of his premiership. He also serves on the boards of Australian Seniors Finance,[27] a reverse mortgage company, and SelecTV, a satellite television group.
On 14 December 2005 Kennett was made President of Hawthorn Football Club, taking over from Ian Dicker.[28]
In the Australia Day Honours of 2005, Kennett received Australia's highest civilian honour, when he was made a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC).[29] He was also awarded an honorary doctorate – Hon DBus (Honoris Causa) – by the University of Ballarat.
Mr Kennett said in an interview he rarely thinks anymore about the media or "bloody history", though he does still regret the "disastrous" introduction of the Metcard ticketing system for trains and trams.[30]
Kennett angered gay rights groups in July 2008 when he supported the Bonnie Doon Football Club in their sacking of trainer Ken Campagnolo for being bisexual; and compared homosexuality to pedophilia.[31] Anti-discrimination campaigner Gary Burns pursued an action in the NSW Administrative Decisions Tribunal against Kennett for making the following statement:
"The club felt that once this had been pointed out and you had this gentleman there who was obviously close to young men – massaging young men – it ran an unnecessary risk, and that's why it decided it was best that he not perform those duties again. So the club was trying to do the right thing," [32]
The case was dropped due to Gary Burns' lack of funds to pursue the case.[32]
In 2011 Kennett was again accused of homophobia when he stated children have better mental health if raised in heterosexual marriages.[33]
Publications[link]
- Kennett, Jeff. Policies and principles for Victoria, Melbourne: Sir Robert Menzies Lecture Trust, Monash University, 1993.
- Kennett, Jeff. Victoria's Commonsense Revolution, Melbourne: Alfred Deakin Lecture Trust, 1995.
- Kennett, Jeff. Australia – defining a model for the new millennium, London: University of London, Institute of Commonwealth Studies, Sir Robert Menzies Centre for Australian Studies, 1998.
Further reading[link]
- Aldford, John & O'Neill, Deirdre (eds), Contract State: public management and the Kennett government, Geelong: Centre for Applied Research, 1994. 192 pages. ISBN 0-7300-2111-4
- Costar, Brian & Economou, Nick (eds), The Kennett revolution : Victorian politics in the 1990s, Sydney: UNSW Press, 1999. 274 pages. ISBN 0-86840-545-0
- Donovan, Barry (2000). Steve Bracks and Jeff Kennett: My part in their rise and fall, Melbourne: Information Australia. 224 pages. ISBN 1-86350-304-8
- Parkinson, Tony (2000). Jeff: The Rise and Fall of a Political Phenomenon, Penguin: Melbourne. 471 pages. ISBN 0-670-88778-1
- Strangio, Paul & Costar, Brian (eds) (2006). The Victorian Premiers: 1856–2006, Annandale: Federation Press. ISBN 1-86287-601-0
References[link]
- ^ Nick Economou, 'Jeff Kennett: The Larrikin Metropolitan', in Paul Strangio and Brian Costar (eds), The Victorian Premiers: 1856–2006, Annandale: Federation Press, 2006, p.365.
- ^ Tony Parkinson, Jeff: The Rise and Fall of a Political Phenomenon, Ringwood: Penguin, 2000, p.19.
- ^ Parkinson, Jef, pp.22–23.
- ^ Parkinson, Jef, p.24.
- ^ Parkinson, Jeff, pp.25, 29.
- ^ Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', pp.365–366.
- ^ Parkinson, Jeff, p.36.
- ^ a b c Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', p.366.
- ^ Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', pp.367 & Cartoon 10 between pp.146–147.
- ^ a b Economou, 'Jeff Kennett', p.368.
- ^ Parkinson, Jeff, pp.69–71.
- ^ australianpolitics.com (1995–2006)
- ^ Kennett-Peacock Car Phone Conversation. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
- ^ www.dtf.vic.au/CA25713E0002EF43/WebObj/BP4Final/$File/BPFinal.pdf
- ^ www.hansard.act.gov.au/Hansard/1997/week06/1825.htm
- ^ www.hansard.act.gov.au/hansard/1997/week11/3569.htm
- ^ Grand prix got Victoria on the move again: Kennett, By Jason Dowling, 20 March 2010, The Age
- ^ Official Newsletter Volume 2, No 1 May 1999, Commonwealth Games Australia
- ^ George Megalogenis, The Longest Decade, Carlton North: Scribe, 2006, pp.212–213.
- ^ John Waugh, 'The Kennett Government and the Constitution: No Change?', in Brian Costar & Nicholas Edonomou, The Kennett Revolution: Victorian Politics in the 1990s, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1999, pp.59, 61.
- ^ Harrison, Dan (5 May 2006). "Kennett calls it quits". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/kennett-calls-it-quits/2006/05/05/1146335899587.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1.
- ^ Silkstone, Dan (6 May 2006). "Jeff admits: I asked Ted the wrong question". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/jeff-admits-i-asked-ted-the-wrong-question/2006/05/05/1146335926876.html.
- ^ Austin and Tomazin, Paul and Farrah (6 May 2006). "Kennett backdown infuriates Howard". The Age. http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/kennett-backdown-infuriates-pm/2006/05/05/1146335926867.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap1.
- ^ Ferguson, John (24 July 2008). "Mayor race: Eddie McGuire says no, but Jeff Kennett might say yes". Herald Sun. http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24067822-661,00.html.
- ^ http://www.mytalk.com.au/Stations/Talk/3AW/Pages/default.aspx[dead link]
- ^ http://news.ninemsn.com.au/health/584656/kennett-to-step-down-from-beyondblue
- ^ Australian Seniors Finance (2006). The people behind the company. Retrieved 5 May 2006.
- ^ Official AFL Website of the Hawthorn Football Club (2006). Hawthorn FC Board: Jeff Kennett – President. Retrieved 6 March 2006.
- ^ It's an Honour – Companion of the Order of Australia
- ^ Money, Lawrence (February 2009). "Sensitive new-age Jeff". Royal Auto (RACV) 77 (1): 16–19.
- ^ Jeff kennett gay storm Herald Sun
- ^ a b Gay activist drops case against Kennett Sydney Morning Herald 8 September 2009
- ^ Children need mum and dad for best mental health by Jeff Kennett- Herald Sun 9 September, 2011
External links[link]
| Find more about Jeff Kennett on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
| Victorian Legislative Assembly | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by New electorate |
Member for Burwood 1976–1999 |
Succeeded by Bob Stensholt |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Joan Kirner |
Premier of Victoria 1992–1999 |
Succeeded by Steve Bracks |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Lindsay Thompson |
Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in Victoria 1982–1989 |
Succeeded by Alan Brown |
| Preceded by Alan Brown |
Leader of the Liberal Party of Australia in Victoria 1991–1999 |
Succeeded by Denis Napthine |
|
|||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kennett, Jeff |
| Alternative names | Kennett, Jeffrey Gibb (full name) |
| Short description | Australian politician; Premier of Victoria (1992–1999) |
| Date of birth | 2 March 1948 |
| Place of birth | Melbourne, Victoria, Australia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Jeff Kennett
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Kennett
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
|
| Keith Harkin | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Keith R. Harkin |
| Born | (1986-06-10) June 10, 1986 (age 26) Derry, Northern Ireland |
| Website | keithharkin.com |
| Notable instruments | |
| vocal, guitar, piano | |
Keith Ronald Harkin (born (1986-06-10)June 10, 1986 in Derry, Northern Ireland) is a singer, songwriter, actor, and surfer.
Contents |
Early life and influences[link]
He started performing for the public at the age of four. By the age of 18, Harkin was an accomplished singer, songwriter, guitarist, and popular live act. His sound is influenced by a diverse range of artists such as Led Zeppelin, John Martyn, Glenn Campbell, Jack Johnson, and Paul Brady, and has been compared to everyone from Jamiroquai to Paul Brady to Maroon 5[citation needed].
Musical career[link]
In 2005, Harkin travelled to London and recorded with a producer, and played in various venues and festivals throughout England, including the Tavistock Festival on Portobello Road. In 2006, Harkin was picked to play the lead role in Dha Theanga, an Irish program on BBC. He also rewrote and arranged all of the music.[1] Harkin was invited to support John Martyn and David Kitt on their Irish tours. BBC radio Ulster has referred to Harkin as the “Irish Jack Johnson”.
Harkin is now part of Celtic Thunder, performing in in the United States, Canada and Australia.[2] Celtic Thunder has had two #1 selling DVDs and three #1 selling albums on the World Billboard charts[citation needed]. He plays the guitar and piano and wrote "Lauren and I" for Celtic Thunder.[3][4] Harkin has now recorded more original songs apart from Celtic Thunder; some titles include: "How I Wish", "Daisy Fields", "Vanity", "September Sessions", and "All Day Long".
Harkin is working on his debut solo project.
Harkin is sponsored by McPherson Guitars.[5]
Discography[link]
[edit] Celtic Thunder
Celtic Thunder (2008)
- "The Mountains of Mourne"
- "The Island"
- "Lauren & I"
- Group numbers: "Heartland", "Steal Away", "Ireland's Call"
Act II (2009)
- "I Wanna Know What Love Is"
- "Castles In The Air"
- Group numbers: "Raggle Taggle Gypsy", "Mull of Kintyre", "Danny Boy", "Caledonia", "Heartland", "Christmas 1915"
Take Me Home (2009)
- "The Homes of Donegal"
- "Wichita Lineman"
- Group numbers: "Steal Away", "The Green Fields of France", "Take Me Home"
Celtic Thunder Christmas (2010)
- "Last Christmas"
- "All I Want For Christmas Is You"
- Group numbers: "Silent Night", "Christmas 1915", "The Most Wonderful Time of the Year/We Wish You a Merry Christmas"
It's Entertainment! (2010)
- "Hard To Say I'm Sorry"
- "Surfer Medley"
- Group numbers: "Hallelujah", "Amazing Grace", "I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"
Heritage (2011)
- "The Dutchman"
- Group numbers: "Home From The Sea", "The Galway Girl", "Whiskey In The Jar", "A Place In The Choir"
Storm (2011)
- "Stand and Deliver"
- Group numbers: "New Day Dawning", "Lagan Love", "Look At Me", "Hail the Hero (Mo Ghile Mear)"
Voyage (2012)
- "All Day Long"
- "All Out of Love"
- Group numbers: "Dulaman", "Song for the Mira", "Maid of Culmore", "The Galway Girl", "Seven Drunken Nights"
Solo singles[link]
- "How I Wish"
- "Daisy Fields"
- "Vanity"
- "September Sessions"
References[link]
- ^ , http://www.njn.net/television/highlights/08may/celticmancelticthunder.html, retrieved 2011-12-09
- ^ "Celtic Thunder Artist Page - Keith Harkin". http://cms.celticthunder.ie/artists/keith_harkin. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ^ "Lauren and I" lyrics and credits, http://cms.celticthunder.ie/lyrics#laurenandi, retrieved 2011-12-09
- ^ "Lauren and I" on YouTube, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHE5TJ8W-Hc, retrieved 2011-12-09
- ^ Artist profile on McPherson Guitars, http://mcphersonguitars.com/beta/artist-profile/?id=35, retrieved 2011-12-09
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Harkin, Keith |
| Alternative names | Pop/ Funk/ Surf singer & songwriter, surfer |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 10th of June 1986 |
| Place of birth | North Ireland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
External links[link]
http://wn.com/Keith_Harkin
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith_Harkin
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Matthew Pavlich | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Matthew Pavlich kicking for goal in 2006 |
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| Personal information | |||
| Full name | Matthew Pavlich | ||
| Date of birth | (1981-12-31) 31 December 1981 (age 30) | ||
| Place of birth | Adelaide, South Australia | ||
| Original team | Woodville-West Torrens (SANFL) | ||
| Draft | #4, 1999 National Draft, Fremantle | ||
| Height/Weight | 192cm / 100kg | ||
| Position(s) | Forward / Midfielder | ||
| Club information | |||
| Current club | Fremantle | ||
| Number | 29 | ||
| Playing career1 | |||
| Years | Club | Games (Goals) | |
| 2000– | Fremantle | 265 (500) | |
| Representative team honours | |||
| Years | Team | Games (Goals) | |
| 2008 | Dream Team | 1 (0) | |
| International team honours | |||
| 2002–2003 | Australia | 4 | |
|
1 Playing statistics to end of 2012 season .
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| Career highlights | |||
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Matthew Pavlich (born 31 December 1981) is a professional Australian rules footballer currently playing with the Fremantle Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL).
A versatile player, Pavlich is widely regarded as one of the premier AFL centre half-forwards of the modern era, achieving All-Australian selection six times between 2002 and 2008, twice representing Australia in the International Rules Series and representing the Dream Team in the 2008 Hall of Fame Tribute Match.
Pavlich has played his AFL entire career at Fremantle where he is a six time best and fairest winner and club captain since 2007.
Born in South Australia, he made his AFL debut in 2000 and wears guernsey number 29.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Pavlich was born in Adelaide, South Australia and is a fifth generation Australian. His mother is of Scottish and German descent and father Steve is of Scottish, Irish and Croatian descent. Steve played along with Matthew's two uncles at the West Torrens Football Club and also coached at junior and reserve level.[1]
Pavlich played school football at Sacred Heart College in Adelaide and followed the footsteps of his father, playing senior football for the Woodville-West Torrens Eagles before he was drafted into the AFL.[2]
AFL career[link]
Drafting[link]
Pavlich was recruited by Fremantle (the Dockers) with the fourth selection in the 1999 AFL national draft. Pavlich had nominated for the 1998 draft, but was overlooked by several clubs. Most notably the Adelaide Crows instead drafted 17 year old Ken McGregor who went on to play 158 games between 1999 to 2008, and cross town rival Port Adelaide who instead chose 17 year old Adam Morgan who played only 3 games between 2002 to 2003 for Port.
Early career (2000–2001)[link]
With the 2000 AFL season starting early than normal and the WAFL due to the 2000 Summer Olympics later that year in Sydney, Pavlich only played one game for South Fremantle in the Westar Rules before making his AFL debut in round 5 2000 against Melbourne.[3] Pavlich achieved the rare feat of kicking 2 goals with his first 2 kicks in the AFL.[4] He went on to play the remaining 18 games for the season, earning himself a Rising star nomination in Round 17[3] while contributing consistently and finished ninth in the club's best and fairest award.[5]
The 2001 Season saw Pavlich spend more time in the Forward line. He managed to underline his potential with some eye catching performances including two 4-goal hauls against the Brisbane Lions which earned him 2 brownlow votes, the first of his career. Pavlich went on to play 21 games for the season, finishing with a respectable 28 goals. In an otherwise disappointing season for Fremantle, Pavlich was the shining light as he started to realise his true potential.
Rising career (2002–2004)[link]
2002 was the season that would set up Matthew Pavlich for the rest of his career. In a widely unexpected move, new Fremantle coach Chris Connolly moved Pavlich into a defensive role. Playing against some of the power forwards of the competition, Pavlich underlined his versatility and talent as a footballer, as he displayed a smooth transition into the role. He showed the uncanny ability of shutting down opponents, while gathering plenty of possession and setting up play further up the ground. This saw him earn his first All-Australian selection at fullback at the age of 20.
In the 2003 season he was again called upon to play a different role, Pavlich was this time thrust into a midfield role, while also pushing up to half forward. This allowed him to gather multiple possessions forward of centre and develop into a strong goal-kicking midfielder. Playing all 23 games for the season, including the club's first final, Pavlich finished off averaging 18.7 possessions per game, and executed his damaging midfield role perfectly with 37 goals.[6] He was rewarded with a second selection in the All-Australian team for the 2003 season, this time named on the Half Forward Flank.
Career high (2005–2008)[link]
The 2005 season saw Matthew Pavlich moved to Centre Half Forward, with Fremantle focusing on a taller forward structure. The move paid massive dividends for the team, as Pavlich topped Fremantle's list of goalkickers, with 61 goals for the season. He also took more marks than any other Docker and won his second Doig Medal as Fremantle's best and fairest player. In the 2005 Brownlow Medal count, Pavlich was tipped as a contender, but like Tredrea in 2004, the power forwards did not get the votes of the umpires and Pavlich finished equal ninth; receiving more votes than any other Fremantle player.
He has been selected in the All-Australian Teams six times: in 2002 (fullback), 2003 (half forward flank), 2005 (centre half forward), 2006 (interchange), 2007 (full forward) and 2008 (interchange). He was a member of the Australian International rules team in 2002 and 2003, and was a Rising Star nominee in 2000. On 13 December 2006 Pavlich was named the captain of the Fremantle Football Club, succeeding Peter Bell.
Despite the additional burden of captaincy, Pavlich performed well throughout the 2007 season, leading an otherwise disappointing Fremantle side. He kicked a club record 72 goals, came second in the Coleman Medal and was named full-forward in the All-Australian team for 2007.
On 14 August 2007 Pavlich signed a new, 3-year contract with the Fremantle Football club, which ended speculation that he may join the Adelaide Crows or Port Adelaide. The contract is rumoured to be worth $2.5 million.[7]
In 2008, despite Fremantle again missing the finals, Pavlich won his fifth Doig Medal, as well as being Fremantle's leading goalkicker, the Ross Glendinning Medal in both Western Derbies and his sixth All-Australian selection.[8]
2009 - 2011[link]
2009 saw Pavlich, under coach Mark Harvey, move into the midfield. He had a strong year averaging 21.7 disposals and leading the goal kicking for Fremantle with 28 goals from 19 games.
Pavlich spent 2010 rotating between the midfield and forward line, averaging 18.9 disposals and leading the goal kicking for the Dockers with 61 goals, helping his team make the finals for the first time since 2006.
Pavlich was forced back into the midfield for the 2011 season following a number of significant injuries to the Dockers. He had another successful year averaging 23.5 disposals and kicking 21 goals from 20 games. This saw Pav end the year with 9 Brownlow medal votes, the second highest for the Dockers and win his 6th club best & fairest, narrowly beating Nathan Fyfe.[9]
2012 season and 500th goal[link]
In round 7 of the 2012 AFL season, Pavlich kicked his 500th career goal in a four goal effort which lead his team to victory against Port Adelaide, becoming the first Fremantle player and the 51st player in VFL/AFL history to kick 500 goals.[10]
Personal life[link]
In December 2010 Pavlich married long-time girlfriend Lauren O'Shannassy.[2][11]
References[link]
- ^ Conn, Malcolm (8 May 2010). "Matthew Pavlich gives Dockers hope he's in for long haul". The Australian. Archived from the original on 21 October 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/62bRrSyT9.
- ^ a b Walsh, Scott (9 April 2011). "Unwavering loyalty of lost legend". Adelaide Now/Sunday Mail. http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/ipad/super-loyalty-of-lost-legend/story-fn76njus-1226036599103. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ a b Lovett, Michael, ed. (2001). AFL 2001. pp. 108-109. ISBN 0-9585286-7-5.
- ^ Lovett, Michael, ed. (2001). AFL 2001. p. 407. ISBN 0-9585286-7-5.
- ^ Lovett, Michael, ed. (2001). AFL 2001. p. 99. ISBN 0-9585286-7-5.
- ^ Matthew Pavlich statistics
- ^ O'Donoghue, Craig. Freo's $2.5 million man reveals: Why I'm staying, The West Australian p.124, 14 August 2007.
- ^ AAP (5 October 2008). "Pavlich named Dockers' best". Realfooty. http://news.realfooty.com.au/sport/pavlich-named-dockers-best-20081005-4u0q.html. Retrieved 2008-10-05.
- ^ Clarke, Tim (9 October 2011). "Fans baffled as Pavlich voted Dockers' best". http://www.sportsnewsfirst.com.au/articles/2011/10/09/fans-baffled-as-pavlich-voted-dockers-best/. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ Washbourne, Michael (13 May 2012). "Matthew Pavlich kicks 500th goal as Fremantle beats Port Adelaide". PerthNow. http://www.perthnow.com.au/sport/afl/matthew-pavlich-kicks-500th-goal-as-fremantle-beats-port-adelaide/story-e6frg1xu-1226354255804. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
- ^ It's lonely being a WAG for Pav's princess
External links[link]
- Biography and player profile at Fremantle Football club
- Matthew Pavlich's statistics from AFL Tables
- Footywire.com player profile
- Matthew Pavlich statistics
- "Anatomy of a Superstar" Australian newspaper article
- All The Stats Profile
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Peter Bell |
Fremantle Football Club captain 2007–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
| Awards | ||
| Preceded by Peter Bell Peter Bell |
Doig Medal 2002 2005–2008 |
Succeeded by Peter Bell Aaron Sandilands |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Pavlich, Matthew |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Australian footballer |
| Date of birth | 31 December 1981 |
| Place of birth | Adelaide, South Australia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Matthew_Pavlich
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Pavlich
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
