Murom (English) Муром (Russian)
-  City[1]  -
Location of Vladimir Oblast in Russia
Murom Location of Murom in Vladimir Oblast
Coordinates: 55°34′N 42°02′E / 55.567°N 42.033°E / 55.567; 42.033Coordinates: 55°34′N 42°02′E / 55.567°N 42.033°E / 55.567; 42.033
Coat of arms
Administrative status (as of April 2011)
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Vladimir Oblast[1]
Administratively subordinated to	City of Murom[1]
Administrative center of	Muromsky District,[2] City of Murom[1]
Municipal status (as of October 2011)
Urban okrug	Murom Urban Okrug[3]
Administrative center of	Murom Urban Okrug,[3] Muromsky Municipal District[4]
Head[5]	Yevgeny Rychkov[5]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census, preliminary)	116,078 inhabitants[6]
- Rank in 2010	140th
Population (2002 Census)	126,901 inhabitants[7]
- Rank in 2002	130th
Time zone	MSK (UTC+04:00)[8]
First mentioned	862[citation needed]
Postal code(s)	602250[citation needed]
Dialing code(s)	+7 49234[citation needed]
Official website

Murom (Russian: Му́ром; Old Norse: Moramar) is a historic city in Vladimir Oblast, Russia, which sprawls along the left bank of Oka River. Population: 116,078 (2010 Census preliminary results);^[6] 126,901 (2002 Census);^[7] 124,229 (1989 Census).^[9]

History[link]

In the 9th century CE, the city marked the easternmost settlement of the East Slavs in the land of the Finno-Ugric people called Muromians. The Primary Chronicle mentions it as early as 862.^{[citation needed]} It is thus one of the oldest cities in Russia. Circa 900 CE, it was an important trading post from Volga Bulgaria to the Baltic Sea.

Between 1010 and 1393, it was a capital of a separate principality, whose rulers included Saint Gleb, assassinated in 1015 and canonized in 1071, Saint Prince Konstantin the Blessed, and Saints Peter and Theuronia, subjects of an opera by Rimsky-Korsakov. It was the home town of the most celebrated East Slavic epic hero, Ilya Muromets. The town has a statue which shows Ilya holding the hilt of his sword in the left hand and a cross in the right.

On June 30, 1961, Murom was the site of a spontaneous protest and riot against the police and Soviet authorities, following the death in police custody of a senior factory foreman named Kostikov.^[10]

Administrative and municipal status[link]

Murom serves as the administrative center of Muromsky District,^[2] although it is not administratively a part of it.^[11] Administratively, it is incorporated as the City of Murom—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] Municipally, the territory of the City of Murom together with the territories of nine rural localities in Muromsky District are incorporated as Murom Urban Okrug.^[11][3]

Sights[link]

Three historic abbeys in the city center

The main church of the Trinity convent (1642-1643)

Murom still retains many marks of antiquity. The Savior monastery, one of the most ancient in Russia, was first chronicled in 1096, when Oleg of Chernigov besieged it and killed Vladimir Monomakh's son Izyaslav, who is buried there. In 1552, the monastery was visited by Ivan the Terrible who commissioned a stone cathedral, which was followed by other churches.

The Trinity convent, where the relics of Sts. Peter and Theuronia are displayed, features a fine cathedral (1642–1643), Kazan church (1652), a bell-tower (1652), a wooden church of St. Sergius, and stone walls. It is rivaled by the Annunciation Monastery, founded in the reign of Ivan the Terrible to house the relics of local princes and containing a cathedral from 1664. Two last-mentioned cathedrals, being probably the works of the same masters, have much in common with the Resurrection Church (1658) in the downtown. Quite different is the tent-like church of Sts. Cosmas and Damian, built in 1565 on the bank of the Oka to commemorate the Russian conquest of Kazan.

Notable people[link]

Among notable natives are the father of color photography, Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (1863), and the father of television, Vladimir Zworykin (1889).

References[link]

Notes[link]

Sources[link]

• Законодательное Собрание Владимирской области. Закон №130-ОЗ от 10 декабря 2001 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Владимирской области и о порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №24-ОЗ от 27 апреля 2011 г «О внесении изменений в статьи 8, 9 Закона Владимирской области "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Владимирской области и о порядке его изменения"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (13 декабря 2001 г.). Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №232, 13 декабря 2001 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #130-OZ of December 10, 2001 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vladimir Oblast and on Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Law #24-OZ of April 27, 2011 On Amending Articles 8, 9 of the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Vladimir Oblast and on Procedures for Its Change". Effective as of the day of the official publication (December 13, 2001).).
• Администрация Владимирской области. Постановление №433 от 13 июня 2007 г. «О реестре административно-территориальных образований и единиц Владимирской области», в ред. Постановления №755 от 1 июля 2010 г «О внесении изменений и дополнений в реестр административно-территориальных образований и единиц Владимирской области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №114, 20 июня 2007 г. (Administration of Vladimir Oblast. Resolution #433 of June 13, 2007 On the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations and Units of Vladimir Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #755 of July 1, 2010 On Amending and Supplementing the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Formations and Units of Vladimir Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Законодательное Собрание Владимирской области. Закон №53-ОЗ от 11 мая 2005 г. «О наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования округ Муром и установлении его границы», в ред. Закона №85-ОЗ от 12 октября 2011 г «О внесении изменений в Приложения 1 и 2 к Закону Владимирской области "О наделении статусом городского округа муниципального образования округ Муром и установлении его границы"». Вступил в силу 17 мая 2005 г. Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №156–157, 17 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #53-OZ of May 11, 2005 On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the Okrug of Murom and on Establishing Its Border, as amended by the Law #85-OZ of October 12, 2011 On Amending Appendices 1 and 2 to the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On Granting Urban Okrug Status to the Municipal Formation of the Okrug of Murom and on Establishing Its Border". Effective as of May 17, 2005.).
• Законодательное Собрание Владимирской области. Закон №58-ОЗ от 13 мая 2005 г. «О наделении соответствующим статусом вновь образованного муниципального образования Муромский район и вновь образованных муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав, и установлении их границ», в ред. Закона №115-ОЗ от 10 августа 2009 г «О внесении изменений в Закон Владимирской области "О наделении соответствующим статусом вновь образованного муниципального образования Муромский район и вновь образованных муниципальных образований, входящих в его состав, и установлении их границ"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования (18 мая 2005 г.). Опубликован: "Владимирские ведомости", №№158–165, 18 мая 2005 г. (Legislative Assembly of Vladimir Oblast. Law #58-OZ of May 13, 2005 On Granting an Appropriate Status to the Newly Established Municipal Formation of Muromsky District and to the Newly Established Municipal Formations Which Comprise It, and on Establishing Their Borders, as amended by the Law #115-OZ of August 10, 2009 On Amending the Law of Vladimir Oblast "On Granting an Appropriate Status to the Newly Established Municipal Formation of Muromsky District and to the Newly Established Municipal Formations Which Comprise It, and on Establishing Their Borders". Effective as of the day of the official publication (May 18, 2005).).

v t e Cities and towns in Vladimir Oblast Administrative center: Vladimir Alexandrov Gorokhovets Gus-Khrustalny Kameshkovo Karabanovo Kirzhach Kolchugino Kosteryovo Kovrov Kurlovo Lakinsk Melenki Murom Petushki Pokrov Raduzhny Sobinka Strunino Sudogda Suzdal Vladimir Vyazniki Yuryev-Polsky

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Jacek Kaczmarski
Jacek Kaczmarski in 1992
Background information
Born	(1957-03-22)March 22, 1957 Warsaw, Poland
Died	April 10, 2004(2004-04-10) (aged 47) Gdańsk, Poland
Genres	Sung poetry
Occupations	Singer, songwriter, poet, author
Instruments	Classical guitar
Years active	1977 - 2004
Website	kaczmarski.art.pl

Jacek Kaczmarski ['jat​͡sɛk kat​͡ʂˈmarskʲi] ( listen) (March 22, 1957, Warsaw - April 10, 2004, Gdańsk) was a Polish singer, songwriter, poet and author.

Kaczmarski was a voice of the Solidarity trade union movement in 1980s Poland, for his commitment to a free Poland, independent of Soviet rule. His songs criticized the ruling communist regime and appealed to the tradition of patriotic resistance within Poles. He remains best known for his protest songs on social and political subjects ("Mury" (Walls) based on "L'Estaca" by Lluís Llach, "Obława" (Wolf hunt (lit. Raid))). However, he was more a poet than a political singer, and his texts have not lost their relevance with the demise of the Soviet union and its communist bloc.

He made his debut in 1977 at the Student Song Festival, where he was awarded first prize for his work "Obława" (Wolf hunt (lit. Raid)) based on song "Охота на волков" by Vladimir Vysotsky. In 1980 he won Second prize at the Opole Song Festival for "Epitafium dla Włodzimierza Wysockiego" (Epitaph for Vladimir Vysotsky).

Kaczmarski was on tour in France when the martial law was declared in Poland in December 1981. He lived in exile until 1990. During these intervening years he gave concerts in western Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa and Israel. From 1982 he worked as an editor and journalist with Radio Free Europe and hosted his own radio program, "Kwadrans Jacka Kaczmarskiego" (A Quarter with Jacek Kaczmarski).

After his return to Poland (following the Round Table negotiations that brought an end to communist rule) he toured the country with his friend and artist Zbigniew Łapiński. The tour was recorded and released as Live, and it achieved Gold album status in 2001. His other albums included "Mury" (Walls), "Nasza klasa" (Our Class), "Raj" (Paradise), "Muzeum" (Museum), "Pochwała łotrostwa" (In Praise of Villainy), "Wojna postu z karnawałem" (The War between Carnival and Lent). However, Kaczmarski was soon disillusioned by the developments in Poland after 1989 and eventually emigrated to Australia.

Kaczmarski was known not only for his politically motivated lyrics but also for his characteristically dynamic — even aggressive — classical guitar playing, and expressive performance style. His deep knowledge of not only his nation's history but also of classical literature gave his songs a particularly deep and multi-layered resonance (e.g. "Powtórka z Odysei," recalled Homer's Odyssey, and "Lalka," was a masterful strike at the heart of a riveting Polish novel). He often performed before contrastingly different audiences: groups of friends in their homes, campus venues, and large concert halls in Poland, the rest of Europe and America.

Kaczmarski was diagnosed with cancer of the larynx in 2002. He died in a hospital in Gdańsk 2004.

See also[link]

• Vladimir Vysotsky
• Georges Brassens
• Leszek Długosz
• Bob Dylan
• Przemysław Gintrowski
• Jean Michel Jarre
• Lluís Llach
• Zbigniew Łapiński
• Bulat Okudzhava
• Andrés Segovia
• Jaromir Nohavica
• Karel Kryl
• Jan Krzysztof Kelus

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jacek Kaczmarski

• Kaczmarski.art.pl - Fanpage (Polish)
• Tribute to Jacek Kaczmarski (scroll down below the adverts)
• Jacek Kaczmarski (French)