- published: 30 Aug 2012
- views: 272011
- author: gopconvention2012
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Alabama
Alabama (
i/ˌæləˈbæmə/) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th-most extensive and the 23rd-most populous of the 50 United States. Alabama ranks second in the area of its inland waterways.
From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many Southern states, suffered economic hardship, in part because of continued dependence on agriculture. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature until the 1960s, while urban interests and African Americans were under-represented. Following World War II, Alabama experienced growth as the economy of the state transitioned from agriculture to diversified interests in heavy manufacturing, mineral extraction, education, and technology. In addition, the establishment or expansion of multiple military installations, primarily those of the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, added to state jobs.
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Belarus
Belarus (i/bɛləˈruːs/ bel-ə-ROOSS; Belarusian: Беларусь, Russian pronunciation: [bʲɛlaˈrusʲ] Russian: Беларусь, Белоруссия, Belarus', Belorussiya), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Vitsebsk). Over forty percent of its 207,600 square kilometres (80,200 sq mi) is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
Until the 20th century, the lands of modern-day Belarus belonged to several countries, including the Principality of Polotsk, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, Belarus became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). The borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were incorporated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland. The nation and its territory were devastated in World War II, during which Belarus lost about a third of its population and more than half of its economic resources. The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years. In 1945 the Belorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations, along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR.
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Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer) was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that marked Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.
The Berlin Wall was officially referred to as the "Anti-Fascist Protection Rampart" (German: Antifaschistischer Schutzwall) by GDR authorities, implying that neighbouring West Germany had not been fully de-Nazified. The West Berlin city government sometimes referred to it as the "Wall of Shame"—a term coined by mayor Willy Brandt—while condemning the Wall's restriction on freedom of movement. Along with the separate and much longer Inner German border (IGB) that demarcated the border between East and West Germany, both borders came to symbolize the "Iron Curtain" that separated Western Europe and the Eastern Bloc during the Cold War.
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Burma
Burma
i/ˈbɜrmə/ BUR-mə, also known as Myanmar i/ˌmjɑːnˈmɑr/ MYAHN--MAR, is a country in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is bordered by India, Bangladesh, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Burma's total perimeter of 1,930 kilometres (1,200 mi) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. At 676,578 km2 (261,227 sq mi), it is the 40th largest country in the world and the second largest country in Southeast Asia. Burma is also the 24th most populous country in the world with over 60.28 million people.
Burma is home to some of the early civilizations of Southeast Asia including the Pyu and the Mon. In the 9th century, the Burmans of the Kingdom of Nanzhao, entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Empire in the 1050s, the Burmese language and culture slowly became dominant in the country. During this period, Theravada Buddhism gradually became the predominant religion of the country. The Pagan Empire fell due to the Mongol invasions (1277–1301), and several warring states emerged. In the second half of the 16th century, the country was reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty which for a brief period was the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Burma as well as Manipur and Assam. The country was colonized by Britain following three Anglo-Burmese Wars (1824–1885).
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California
California (pronouncedi/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Colorado
Colorado (i/kɒləˈrædoʊ/ or /kɒləˈrɒdoʊ/) is the US state that encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,116,796 on July 1, 2011, an increase of +1.74% since the 2010 United States Census.
The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado for the red colored (Spanish: colorado) silt the river carried from the mountains. On August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting Colorado as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State" because it was admitted to the Union in 1876, the centennial year of the United States Declaration of Independence.
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Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (French: Conseil de l'Europe) is an international organization promoting co-operation between all countries of Europe in the areas of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation. It was founded in 1949, has 47 member states with some 800 million citizens, and is an entirely separate body from the European Union (EU), which has only 27 member states. Unlike the EU, the Council of Europe cannot make binding laws. The two do however share certain symbols such as the flag of Europe. The Council of Europe has nothing to do with either the Council of the European Union or the European Council, which are both EU bodies.
The best known bodies of the Council of Europe are the European Court of Human Rights, which enforces the European Convention on Human Rights, and the European Pharmacopoeia Commission, which sets the quality standards for pharmaceutical products in Europe. The Council of Europe's work has resulted in standards, charters and conventions to facilitate cooperation between European countries.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, (i/ˈkjuːbə/; Spanish: República de Cuba, pronounced: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] (
listen)) is an island country in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city. To the north of Cuba lies the United States (140 km or 90 mi away) and the Bahamas, Mexico is to the west, the Cayman Islands and Jamaica are to the south, and Haiti and the Dominican Republic are to the southeast.
In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed on and claimed the island now occupied by Cuba, for the Kingdom of Spain. Cuba remained a territory of Spain until the Spanish–American War ended in 1898, and gained formal independence from the U.S. in 1902. A fragile democracy, increasingly dominated by radical politics eventually evolved, solidified by the Cuban Constitution of 1940, but was definitely quashed in 1952 by former president Fulgencio Batista, and an authoritarian regime was set up, intensifying and catalyzing already rampant corruption, political repression and crippling economic regulations.Batista was ousted in January 1959 by the July 26 movement, and a new administration under Fidel Castro established, which had by 1965 evolved into a single-party state under the revived Communist Party of Cuba, which holds power to date.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945, the state did not de facto exist because of its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czechoslovak government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this period. In 1945, the eastern part of Carpathian Ruthenia was taken over by the Soviet Union. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Form of state:
Neighbours:
Topography:
The country was of generally irregular terrain. The western area was part of north-central European uplands. The eastern region was composed of northern reaches of Carpathian Mountains and Danube River basin lands.
Climate:
The weather was predominantly continental, but varied from the moderate temperature of Western Europe in the west, to more severe weather of Eastern Europe and the western Soviet Union in the east.
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Denver
Denver (
/ˈdɛnvər/) (Arapaho: Niinéniiniicíihéhe' ) is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Colorado. As Denver County, it is the second most populous county in Colorado after El Paso County, which surpassed Denver County as of the 2010 Census. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately 12 miles (19 km) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the Mile-High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile (1.6 km) or 5,280 feet (1,609.344 m) above sea level, which is defined by the elevation of the spot of a benchmark on the steps of the State Capital building. The elevation of the entire city ranges from 5,130 to 5,680 feet. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
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Detroit
Detroit ( /diˈtrɔɪt/) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan, and the seat of Wayne County. It is the major city among the primary cultural, financial, and transportation centers in the Metro Detroit area, a region of 5.2 million people, and serves as a major port on the Detroit River connecting the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. It was founded on July 24, 1701, by the French explorer, adventurer, and nobleman Antoine de la Mothe, sieur de Cadillac.
In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and ranked as the 18th most populous city in the United States. The name Detroit sometimes refers to the Metro Detroit area with a population of 4,296,250 for the six-county Metropolitan Statistical Area, the United States' eleventh-largest, and a population of 5,218,852 for the nine-county Combined Statistical Area as of the 2010 Census. The Detroit–Windsor area, a critical commercial link straddling the Canada–U.S. border, has a total population of about 5,700,000.
Known as the world's traditional automotive center, "Detroit" is a metonym for the American automobile industry and an important source of popular music legacies celebrated by the city's two familiar nicknames, the Motor City and Motown. Other nicknames arose in the 20th century, including City of Champions beginning in the 1930s for its successes in individual and team sport,The D, D-Town, Hockeytown (a trademark owned by the city's NHL club, the Red Wings), Rock City (after the Kiss song "Detroit Rock City"), and The 313 (its telephone area code) Detroit became known as the "great arsenal of democracy" for its support of the U.S. role among the Allied powers during World War II.
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Egypt
Egypti/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
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Hewlett Packard
Coordinates: 37°24′49″N 122°08′42″W / 37.413579°N 122.14508°W / 37.413579; -122.14508
Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ) or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States that provides products, technologies, software, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) and large enterprises, including customers in the government, health and education sectors.
The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto by William (Bill) Redington Hewlett and Dave Packard. HP is the world's leading PC manufacturer. It specializes in developing and manufacturing computing, data storage, and networking hardware, designing software and delivering services. Major product lines include personal computing devices, enterprise, and industry standard servers, related storage devices, networking products, software and a diverse range of printers, and other imaging products. HP markets its products to households, small- to medium-sized businesses and enterprises directly as well as via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply retailers, software partners and major technology vendors. HP also has strong services and consulting business around its products and partner products.
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Iran
Coordinates: 32°N 53°E / 32°N 53°E / 32; 53
Iran (i/ɪˈrɑːn/ or /aɪˈræn/;Persian: ایران [ʔiˈɾɒn] ( listen)), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān), is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran", which in Persian means "Land of the Aryans", has been in use natively since the Sassanian era. It came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia ( /ˈpɜrʒə/ or /ˈpɜrʃə/). Both "Persia" and "Iran" are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, "Iran" is the name used officially in political contexts.
The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran has a population of around 79 million. It is a country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in the Middle East and central Eurasia. Iran is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan. As Iran is a littoral state of the Caspian Sea, which is an inland sea, Kazakhstan and Russia are also Iran's direct neighbors to the north. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. Tehran is the capital, the country's largest city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power, and holds an important position in international energy security and world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the second largest proven natural gas reserves in the world and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.
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Iraq
Iraq (/ɪˈræk/ ori/ɪˈrɑːk/; Arabic: العراق al-‘Irāq); officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: 
جمهورية العراق (help·info) Jumhūriyyat al-‘Irāq), is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert.
Iraq borders Syria to the northwest, Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Jordan to the southwest and Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country.
Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.
Historically, Iraq was the center of the Abbasid Arabic Islamic Empire. Iraq has been known to the west by the Greek toponym 'Mesopotamia' (Land between the rivers) and has been home to continuous successive civilizations since the 6th millennium BC. The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is often referred to as the cradle of civilization and the birthplace of writing, law and the wheel. At different periods in its history, Iraq was the center of the indigenous Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Abbasid empires. It was also part of the Achaemenid, Hellenistic, Parthian, Sassanid, Roman, Rashidun, Umayyad, Mongol, Safavid, Afsharid, and Ottoman empires, and under British control as a League of Nations mandate.
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Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan (i/ˌkɑːzəkˈstɑːn/ or /ˌkæzəkˈstæn/) (Kazakh: Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres (1,053,000 sq mi) is larger than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. Although Kazakhstan does not share a border with Mongolia, its most easterly point is only 38 kilometres (24 mi) from Mongolia's western tip. The terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, and snow-capped mountains to deserts. With 16.6 million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). The capital was moved in 1998 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.
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North Korea
Coordinates: 40°00′N 127°00′E / 40°N 127°E / 40; 127 The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK; Chosŏn'gŭl: 조선민주주의인민공화국), commonly referred to as "North Korea" ( listen), is a country in East Asia, occupying the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pyongyang. The Korean Demilitarized Zone serves as the buffer zone between North Korea and South Korea. The Amnok, or Yalu, and the Tumen rivers form the border between North Korea and China. A section of the Tumen River in the far northeast is the border with Russia.
The peninsula was governed by the Korean Empire until it was annexed by Japan after the Russo-Japanese War in 1910. It was divided into Soviet- and American-occupied zones in 1945, after the end of World War II. North Korea refused to participate in a United Nations–supervised election held in the south in 1948, which led to the creation of separate Korean governments for the two occupation zones. North and South Korea each claimed sovereignty over the whole Korean Peninsula, which led to the Korean War of 1950. The Armistice Agreement of 1953 ended the fighting; but the two countries are officially still at war against each other, for a peace treaty was never signed. Both states were accepted into the United Nations in 1991.
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Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States.
It is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences and engineering. Princeton does not have schools of medicine, law, divinity, or business, but it does offer professional degrees through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, the Princeton University School of Engineering and Applied Science and the School of Architecture.
Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth, New Jersey, as the College of New Jersey, the university moved to Newark in 1747, then to Princeton in 1756 and was renamed Princeton University in 1896. The present-day College of New Jersey in nearby Ewing, New Jersey, is an unrelated institution. Princeton was the fourth chartered institution of higher education in the American colonies. Princeton had close ties to the Presbyterian Church, but has never been affiliated with any denomination and today imposes no religious requirements on its students.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia (i/ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbi.ə/ or i/ˌsɔːdiː əˈreɪbi.ə/; Arabic: السعودية as-Su‘ūdīyah[citation needed] or incorrectly as-Sa‘ūdīyah, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: المملكة العربية السعودية al-Mamlakah al-‘Arabīyah as-Su‘ūdīyah Arabic pronunciation (help·info)), is the largest state in Western Asia by land area, constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and the second-largest in the Arab world, after Algeria. It is bordered by Jordan, and Iraq on the north and northeast, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates on the east, Oman on the southeast, and Yemen on the south. The Red Sea lies to its west, and the Persian Gulf lies to the east. Saudi Arabia has an area of approximately 2,250,000 km2 (870,000 sq mi), and it has an estimated population of 27 million, of which 9 million are registered foreign expatriates and an estimated 2 million are illegal immigrants. Saudi nationals comprise an estimated 16 million people.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career as Ibn Saud) in 1932, although the conquests which eventually led to the creation of the Kingdom began in 1902 when he captured Riyadh, the ancestral home of his family, the House of Saud, referred to in Arabic as the Al Saud. The Saudi Arabian government, which has been an absolute monarchy since its inception, refers to its system of government as being Islamic, though this is contested by many due to its strong basis in Salafism, a minority school of thought in Islam. The kingdom is sometimes called "The Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca), and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam.
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September 11 attacks
The September 11 attacks (also referred to as September 11, September 11th or 9/11) were a series of four suicide attacks that were committed in the United States on September 11, 2001, coordinated to strike the areas of New York City and Washington, D.C. On that Tuesday morning, 19 terrorists from the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda hijacked four passenger jets. The hijackers intentionally piloted two of those planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center complex in New York City; both towers collapsed within two hours. The hijackers also intentionally crashed American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and intended to pilot the fourth hijacked jet, United Airlines Flight 93, into a target in Washington, D.C.; however, the plane crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania after its passengers attempted to take control of the jet from the hijackers. Nearly 3,000 people died in the attacks including the 227 civilians and 19 hijackers aboard the four planes, none of whom survived.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (Russian: Советский Союз, tr. Sovetsky Soyuz), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr. Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik; IPA: [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲetskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪˈstʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪsˈpublʲɪk] ( listen); abbreviated СССР, SSSR), was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
The Soviet Union was a single-party state ruled by the Communist Party from its foundation until 1990. A union of 15 subnational Soviet republics, the Soviet state was structured under a highly centralized government and economy.
The Russian Revolution of 1917 caused the downfall of the Russian Empire. Following the Russian Revolution, there was a struggle for power between the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the anti-communist White movement. In December 1922, the Bolsheviks won the civil war, and the Soviet Union was formed with the merger of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
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Stanford University
Coordinates: 37°26′N 122°10′W / 37.43°N 122.17°W / 37.43; -122.17
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is an American private research university located in Stanford, California on an 8,180-acre (3,310 ha) campus near Palo Alto, California, United States. It is situated in the northwestern Silicon Valley, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northwest of San Jose and 37 miles (60 km) southeast of San Francisco.
Leland Stanford, a Californian railroad tycoon and politician, and his wife Jane Lathrop Stanford founded the university in 1891 in honor of their son, Leland Stanford, Jr., who died of typhoid two months before his 16th birthday. The university was established as a coeducational and nondenominational institution, but struggled financially after the senior Stanford's 1893 death and after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would become known as Silicon Valley. By 1970, Stanford was home to a linear accelerator, was one of the original four ARPANET nodes, and had transformed itself into a major research university in computer science, mathematics, natural sciences, and social sciences.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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University of Denver
The University of Denver (DU), founded in 1864, is the oldest private university in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States. The University of Denver is a coeducational, four-year university in Denver, Colorado. DU currently enrolls approximately 5,000 undergraduate students and 6,000 graduate students. The 125-acre (0.51 km2) main campus is a designated arboretum and is located primarily in the University Neighborhood, about seven miles (11 km) south of downtown Denver.
The university was founded in March 3, 1864 as the Colorado Seminary by John Evans, the former Governor of Colorado Territory, who had been appointed by President Abraham Lincoln. John Evans, who also founded Northwestern University prior to founding DU, is the namesake of the town in Illinois named Evanston (the site of the Northwestern campus) as well as Mount Evans, a 14,264 foot mountain visible from the DU campus.
Evans founded the school to help civilize the newly-created (1858) City of Denver, which was little more than a mining camp at that time.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. president since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
In 1814, during the War of 1812, the mansion was set ablaze by the British Army in the Burning of Washington, destroying the interior and charring much of the exterior. Reconstruction began almost immediately, and President James Monroe moved into the partially reconstructed house in October 1817. Construction continued with the addition of the South Portico in 1824 and the North in 1829. Because of crowding within the executive mansion itself, President Theodore Roosevelt had all work offices relocated to the newly constructed West Wing in 1901. Eight years later, President William Howard Taft expanded the West Wing and created the first Oval Office which was eventually moved as the section was expanded. The third-floor attic was converted to living quarters in 1927 by augmenting the existing hip roof with long shed dormers. A newly constructed East Wing was used as a reception area for social events; Jefferson's colonnades connected the new wings. East Wing alterations were completed in 1946, creating additional office space. By 1948, the house's load-bearing exterior walls and internal wood beams were found to be close to failure. Under Harry S. Truman, the interior rooms were completely dismantled and a new internal load-bearing steel frame constructed inside the walls. Once this work was completed, the interior rooms were rebuilt.
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Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe (/zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ/ zim-BAHB-way; officially the Republic of Zimbabwe) is a landlocked country of southern Africa. It shares a 125-mile (200-kilometre) border on the south with the Republic of South Africa and is bounded on the southwest and west by Botswana, on the north by Zambia, and on the northeast and east by Mozambique. The capital is Harare (formerly called Salisbury). Zimbabwe achieved majority rule and internationally recognised independence in April 1980 following a long period of colonial rule and a 15-year period of white-dominated minority rule, instituted after the minority regime’s so-called Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965.
Zimbabwe has three official languages: English, Shona and Ndebele. Zimbabwe began as the British self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia, created from land held by the British South Africa Company. President Robert Mugabe is the head of State and Commander in Chief of the armed forces. Morgan Tsvangirai is the Prime Minister. Mugabe has been in power since the country's internationally recognised independence in 1980.
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Abu Zubaydah
Abu Zubaydah (Arabic: ابو زبيدة, Abū Zubaydah; born March 12, 1971 as Zayn al-Abidin Muhammad Husayn) is a Saudi Arabian citizen, sentenced to death in Jordan and currently held in U.S. custody in Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
Arrested in Pakistan in March 2002, Abu Zubaydah has been in US custody for more than nine years, four-and-a-half of them as a ghost detainee in the CIA secret prison network. The CIA transferred him between prisons in various countries as part of their extraordinary rendition program. During interrogation in that time he was water-boarded 83 times and has been subjected to numerous other controversial interrogation techniques including forced nudity, sleep deprivation, confinement in small dark boxes, deprivation of solid food, stress positions, and physical assaults. Videotapes of some of his interrogations are amongst those destroyed by the CIA in 2005.
He was transferred to Guantanamo in September 2006 where he and other former CIA detainees are held in Camp 7 where conditions are the most isolating. He has never been charged, despite being accused for years by US authorities.
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Alberto Gonzales
Alberto R. Gonzales (born August 4, 1955) was the 80th, and the first Hispanic United States Attorney General, appointed in February of 2005 by President George W. Bush, becoming the highest-ranking Hispanic in government to date. Prior to his elevation, he was the first Hispanic White House General Counsel, and earlier he had been Bush's General Counsel during his governorship of Texas. In Texas Gonzales had also served as Secretary of State of Texas and then as a Texas Supreme Court Justice. Gonzales's tenure as US Attorney General was marked by several conflicts with Congress. Following bipartisan calls for his removal, Gonzales resigned from the office without explanation. Democrats were particularly opposed to Gonzales for his role in the firing of several US District Attorneys which they believe had politicized his office.
Alberto Gonzales was born to a Catholic family in San Antonio, Texas, and raised in Humble, a town outside of Houston. Of Mexican descent, he was the second of eight children born to Pablo and Maria Gonzales. His father, who died in 1982, was a migrant worker and then a construction worker with a second grade education. His mother worked at home raising eight children and had a sixth grade education. Gonzales and his family of ten lived in a small, two-bedroom home built by his father and uncles with no telephone and no hot running water. According to Gonzales, he is unaware whether immigration documentation exists for three of his grandparents who were born in Mexico and who, like Gonzales and his family, were poor and uneducated and thus they may have entered and resided in the United States illegally from Mexico or they may have entered and resided legally.
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Alexander Dallin
Professor Alexander Dallin (born May 21, 1924, in Germany - died July 22, 2000) served as Raymond A. Spruance Professor of International History, in the Center for Russian and East European Studies (CREES) at Stanford University. (It has since been renamed the Center for Russian, East European, and Eurasian Studies, adding an E to the acronym).
Dallin arrived in the United States in 1940. He studied at Harvard and worked on a project interviewing emigrees from the Soviet Union. The program evaluated the workings of the Soviet government based on reports of those interviewed. He worked in the Russian Institute at Columbia University before coming to Stanford.
He was married to Gail W. Lapidus, a person who shared his encyclopedic knowledge of eastern Europe and who served as senior fellow at IIS and Professor of Political Science. Dallin was frequently present in open-to-the-public CREES seminars on campus where his expertise and talent were shared. The Faculty Senate at Stanford reported that Dallin, "...chaired virtually every major committee in the field and was a long-term Board Member and President of the AAASS, the American Association for the Advancement of Slavic Studies."
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Alexander Downer
Alexander John Gosse Downer (born 9 September 1951) is a former Australian Liberal Party politician who was Foreign Minister of Australia from March 1996 to December 2007, the longest-serving in Australian history. He was also the Leader of the Opposition for eight months from 1994 to 1995.
Downer was born in Adelaide, South Australia, into one of the state's prominent established political families. His father, Sir Alec Downer, also reached cabinet rank in federal politics, and was then High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1972. His grandfather, Sir John Downer, was twice Premier of South Australia and a Senator in the first federal Parliament in 1901. His mother, Mary, Lady Downer (née Mary Gosse), is descended from early immigrants to South Australia. Downer is related via the Gosse family to Edmund Gosse, a famed English literary critic.
Downer was educated at Geelong Grammar School in Australia, then in England (while his father was High Commissioner) at Radley College between 1964 and 1970, and the University of Newcastle upon Tyne. From 1975 to 1976, he worked as an economist for the Bank of New South Wales, before entering the Australian Diplomatic Service, where he served until 1982. Some of Downer's time in the Diplomatic Service was spent at a posting in Brussels, where he undertook a French language training course. He then worked as an adviser to the then Liberal Prime Minister, Malcolm Fraser and subsequent Leader of the Federal Opposition Andrew Peacock. From 1983 to 1984, he also served as the Executive Director of the Australian Chamber of Commerce. In 1984, he was elected to the federal Parliament as Liberal member for Mayo, in the Adelaide Hills in South Australia. He held this seat until his resignation from Parliament in 2008.
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Alexander Haig
Alexander Meigs Haig, Jr. (December 2, 1924 – February 20, 2010) was a United States Army general who served as the United States Secretary of State under President Ronald Reagan and White House Chief of Staff under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He also served as Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, the second-highest ranking officer in the Army, and as Supreme Allied Commander Europe commanding all US and NATO forces in Europe.
A veteran of the Korean War and Vietnam War, Haig was a recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star with oak leaf cluster, and the Purple Heart.
Haig was born in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. He was the middle of three children of Alexander Meigs Haig, Sr., a Republican lawyer, and his wife Regina Anne Murphy. When Haig was 10, his father, aged 38, died of cancer. His Irish American mother raised her children in the Catholic Church. He attended Saint Joseph's Preparatory School in North Philadelphia. He then studied at the University of Notre Dame for two years, before transferring to the United States Military Academy, where he graduated in 1947. Haig later earned a Master of Business Administration degree from Columbia Business School in 1955 and a Master of Arts degree in international relations from Georgetown University in 1961. His thesis examined the role of military officers in making national policy.
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Alphonso Jackson
Alphonso Jackson served as the 13th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). He was nominated by President George W. Bush on January 28, 2004 and unanimously confirmed by the Senate on March 31, 2004. On March 31, 2008, Jackson announced his resignation, effective April 18, 2008.
Jackson became the Deputy Secretary of HUD in June 2001. After former HUD Secretary Mel Martinez left the administration to campaign for the November 2004 election for a U.S. Senate seat in Florida, Jackson became acting secretary of HUD.
Born in Marshall, Texas, Jackson grew up in South Dallas. His father was a lead smelter; Jackson was the youngest of twelve children. He earned a bachelor's degree in political science and a master's degree in education administration from Northeast Missouri State University (now Truman State University) and a J.D. from Washington University School of Law. Jackson is a member of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity.
Jackson's career started in 1973 as an assistant professor at the University of Missouri - St. Louis. From 1977- 1981, Jackson served as the Director of Public Safety for the City of St. Louis, MO. Jackson later served as interim Executive Director of the St. Louis, MO Housing Authority(1981). In 1987, he became Director of the Department of Public and Assisted Housing and Community Development Washington, DC.
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Andrew Card
Andrew Hill Card, Jr. (born May 10, 1947) is a Republican American politician, former United States Cabinet member, and head of President George W. Bush's White House Iraq Group. Card served as U.S. Secretary of Transportation under President George H. W. Bush and the White House Chief of Staff under George W. Bush. He announced his resignation as Chief of Staff March 28, 2006, effective April 14, 2006. Card is currently the Dean of The Bush School of Government and Public Service, at Texas A&M University.
Card was born in Brockton, Massachusetts, the son of Joyce (née Whitaker) and Andrew Hill Card, Sr. He was active in the Boy Scouts of America's Old Colony Council and earned the rank of Life Scout. Later, he graduated from the University of South Carolina with a Bachelor of Science degree in engineering. He also attended the United States Merchant Marine Academy and the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. Card served in the United States Merchant Marine from 1966 to 1967.
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Andrew Young
Andrew Jackson Young (born March 12, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, activist and pastor from Georgia. He has served as Mayor of Atlanta, a Congressman from the 5th district, and United States Ambassador to the United Nations. He served as President of the National Council of Churches USA, was a member of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement, and was a supporter and friend of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Since leaving political office in 1989, Young has founded or served in a large number of organizations founded on public policy, political lobbying and international relations, with a special focus on Africa.
Andrew Young was born March 12, 1932 in New Orleans, Louisiana to Daisy Fuller Young, a school teacher, and Andrew Jackson Young, Sr., a dentist. Young's father hired a professional boxer to teach Andrew and his brother how to fight, so they could defend themselves. From that, Young decided that violence was not the path he would choose to follow.[citation needed]
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Angela Merkel
Angela Dorothea Merkel, German: [aŋˈɡeːla doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛʁkl̩] ( listen); née Kasner (born 17 July 1954) is the Chancellor of Germany and Chairwoman of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Merkel is the first female Chancellor of Germany.
A physical chemist by professional background, Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989 and briefly served as the deputy spokesperson for Lothar de Maizière's democratically elected East German government prior to the German reunification. Following reunification in 1990, she was elected to the Bundestag, where she has represented the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern since. She served as Federal Minister for Women and Youth 1991–1994 and as Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 1994–1998 in Helmut Kohl's fourth and fifth cabinets. She was Secretary General of the CDU 1998–2000, and was elected chairperson in 2000. From 2002 to 2005, she was also chair of the CDU/CSU parliamentary coalition.
After her election as Chancellor following the 2005 federal election, she led a grand coalition consisting of her own CDU party, its Bavarian sister party, the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), until 2009. In the 2009 federal election, the CDU obtained the largest share of the votes, and formed a coalition government with the CSU and the liberal Free Democratic Party (FDP).
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Ann Veneman
Ann Margaret Veneman (born June 29, 1949) is the former Executive Director of UNICEF, a position she held from 2005 to 2010. Her appointment was announced on January 18, 2005 by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. Previously, Veneman was the United States Secretary of Agriculture, the first and only woman to hold that position. Veneman served as USDA Secretary from January 20, 2001 to January 20, 2005, leaving to become the fifth executive director of UNICEF. [2]. She served in this position from May 1, 2005. A lawyer by training, Veneman has practiced law in Washington, DC and California, including being a deputy public defender. She has also served in other high level positions in U.S. federal and state government, including being appointed California's Secretary of Food and Agriculture, serving from 1995 to 1999.
Veneman serves as a co-leader of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative at the Bipartisan Policy Center. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Veneman was raised on a peach farm in Modesto, California. Her father, John Veneman, was former undersecretary of Health, Education and Welfare and member of the California State Assembly. She earned her bachelor's degree in political science from the University of California, Davis, a Master of Public Policy from the Richard & Rhoda Goldman School of Public Policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and a Juris Doctor degree from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. She has also been awarded honorary doctoral degrees from California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (2001); Lincoln University (Missouri) (2003); Delaware State University (2004) and Middlebury College (2006).
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Anthony Lake
William Anthony Kirsopp Lake, best known as Tony Lake, (born April 2, 1939) is the Executive Director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), author, academic, and former American diplomat, Foreign Service Officer, and political advisor. He has been a foreign policy advisor to many Democratic U.S. presidents and presidential candidates, and served as National Security Advisor under U.S. President Bill Clinton from 1993 to 1997. Lake is credited as being one of the individuals who developed the policy that led to the resolution of the Bosnian War. He also held the chair of Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, in Washington, D.C.
Lake is the grandson of Kirsopp Lake, a member of the Church of England clergy who came from Oxford, England, to America in 1914 to teach New Testament studies at Harvard. Lake's father, Gerard Kirsopp Lake, was a New Deal Democrat and his mother Eleanor (née Eleanor van Someren Hard), a Republican.
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Anthony Principi
Anthony Joseph Principi (born April 16, 1944) was the 4th United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. He was appointed by President George W. Bush on January 23, 2001, and resigned on January 26, 2005. He is currently a lobbyist for Pfizer and chairman of QTC Management, a company that works on contracts for the Veterans Affairs Department.
Principi was born in the East Bronx on April 16, 1944. He grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey and attended St. Anastasia School there during his younger years. He graduated from Mount Saint Michael Academy in 1962 as the school's top athlete and student council president. In 1967, Principi graduated from the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland. He first saw active duty aboard the destroyer USS Joseph P. Kennedy. Principi later served in the Vietnam War, commanding a River Patrol Unit in the Mekong Delta.
Principi earned his Juris Doctor degree from Seton Hall in 1975 and was assigned to the United States Navy's Judge Advocate General Corps in San Diego. In 1980, he was transferred to Washington as a legislative counsel for the Department of the Navy.
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Anthony Tommasini
Anthony Tommasini is chief music critic for The New York Times.
Tommasini was born in Brooklyn around 1948 and raised on Long Island. He was admitted to Oberlin College's Conservatory of Music, but chose to matriculate at Yale University in order to obtain a broader liberal arts education. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1970, a Master of Music degree from Yale School of Music, and a Doctor of Musical Arts degree from Boston University in 1982.
Tommasini taught music at Emerson College in Boston and led writing workshops at Wesleyan University and Brandeis University. He was denied tenure at Emerson College and turned to music criticism.
He became a staff writer for the New York Times in 1996 and was promoted to chief classical music critic in 2000.
His mentors include Virgil Thomson, a critic for the New York Herald Tribune, and Richard Dyer, who was the Boston Globe's classical music critic for 33 years.
Tommasini is the author of Virgil Thomson: Composer on the Aisle, which received the 1998 ASCAP-Deems Taylor Award, and Opera: A Critic's Guide to the 100 Most Important Works and the Best Recordings.
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Aretha Franklin
Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and pianist. In a recording career that has spanned over half a century, Franklin's repertoire has included gospel, jazz, blues, R&B, pop, rock and funk. Franklin is known as one of the most important popularizers of the soul music genre and is referred to as the Queen of Soul, a title she was given early in her career. Franklin, the daughter of prominent Baptist minister and activist C. L. Franklin, began her singing career singing in her father's church at the age of ten and started recording four years later. After several years in the gospel circuit and with her father's blessing, she formed a secular pop music career at the age of eighteen, signing with Columbia Records, where she was branded by its CEO John Hammond as his most important act since Billie Holiday. Franklin's Columbia period wasn't as successful as hoped and in late 1966, Franklin switched over to Atlantic Records, where she began recording a string of popular hits including "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman", "Think", "Chain of Fools" and what later became her signature song, "Respect".
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Bainbridge Colby
Bainbridge Colby (December 22, 1869 – April 11, 1950) was an American lawyer, a founder of the United States Progressive Party and Woodrow Wilson's last Secretary of State.
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, Colby graduated from Williams College (where he was admitted to Phi Beta Kappa), then attended Columbia Law School and New York Law School (1892). He was admitted to the New York bar. He was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1901 to 1902. In 1914, he ran on the Progressive ticket for U.S. Senator from New York, but was defeated by Republican James W. Wadsworth, Jr. In 1916, he ran again, this time on the Progressive and Independence League tickets, but was defeated by Republican William M. Calder.
Colby was a special assistant to the United States Attorney General in an anti-trust action in 1917, and represented the U.S. at the Inter-Allied Conference at Paris the same year. Wilson appointed him Secretary of State from March 23, 1920 and served until March 4, 1921. He supported the President's policies firmly (his predecessor Robert Lansing had not) while the President suffered from severe side effects of a series of strokes. He supported the League of Nations and established a precedent for not recognizing newly Communist Russia which remained in place until 1933. He was a partner in Wilson's law firm from 1921 until 1923 and continued with the law for the remainder of his career.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
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Barbara Boxer
Barbara Levy Boxer (born November 11, 1940) is the junior United States Senator from California (since 1993). A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served in the U.S. House of Representatives (1983–1993).
Born in Brooklyn, New York, Boxer graduated from Brooklyn College. She worked as a stockbroker for several years before moving to California with her husband. During the 1970s, she worked as a journalist for the Pacific Sun and as an aide to U.S. Representative John L. Burton. She served on the Marin County Board of Supervisors for six years and become the board's first female president. With the slogan "Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn", she was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, representing California District 6. She sat on the House Armed Services Committee, and was involved in government oversight, passing several procurement reforms.
Boxer won the 1992 election for the U.S. Senate. She holds the record for the most popular votes in any U.S. Senate election in history, having received 6.96 million votes in her 2004 re-election. Boxer is the chair of the Environment and Public Works Committee and the chair of the Select Committee on Ethics, making her the only senator to preside over two committees simultaneously. She is also the Democratic Chief Deputy Whip.
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Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (Russian: Бори́с Никола́евич Е́льцин; IPA: [bɐˈrʲis nʲɪkɐˈlaɪvʲɪtɕ ˈjelʲtsɨn] ( listen); 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was the President of Russia, serving from 1991 to 1999.
Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of the Russian Supreme Soviet. On 12 June 1991 he was elected by popular vote to the newly created post of President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR), at that time one of the 15 constituent republics of the Soviet Union. He won 57% of the vote in a six-candidate contest and became the second democratically elected leader of Russia in history. Upon the resignation of Mikhail Gorbachev and the final dissolution of the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991, Yeltsin remained in office as the President of the Russian Federation, the USSR's successor state. Yeltsin was reelected in the 1996 election; in the second round of the election Yeltsin defeated Gennady Zyuganov from the revived Communist Party by a margin of 13%. However, Yeltsin never recovered his early popularity after a series of economic and political crises in Russia in the 1990s.
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Brent Scowcroft
Brent Scowcroft, KBE (born March 19, 1925) was the United States National Security Advisor under Presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush and a Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force. He also served as Military Assistant to President Richard Nixon and as Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs in the Nixon and Ford administrations. He served as Chairman of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005 and assisted President Barack Obama in choosing his national security team.
Brent Scowcroft was born in Ogden, Utah to Lucile Scowcroft (formerly Ballantyne) and James Scowcroft, a grocer and business owner. He is a descendant of early 19th century immigrants from England, Scotland, Denmark, and Norway.
He received his undergraduate degree and commission into the Army Air Forces from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1947. Scowcroft also earned an M.A. in 1953 and PhD in International Relations in 1967 from Columbia University.
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Bull Connor
Theophilus Eugene "Bull" Connor (July 11, 1897 – March 10, 1973) was the Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, during the American Civil Rights Movement. His office gave him responsibility for administrative oversight of the Birmingham Fire Department and the Birmingham Police Department, which had their own chiefs.
Through his covert actions to enforce racial segregation and deny civil rights to African American citizens, especially during the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's Birmingham Campaign of 1963, Connor became an international symbol of bigotry. Connor infamously directed the use of fire hoses, and police attack dogs against peaceful demonstrators, including children. His aggressive tactics backfired when the spectacle of the brutality being broadcast on national television served as one of the catalysts for major social and legal change in the southern United States and helped in large measure to assure the passage by the United States Congress of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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Carla Marinucci
Carla Marinucci is a political reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle, specializing in California state gubernatorial politics and national politics.[citation needed] Marinucci is a veteran California political reporter and has also covered business and crime in the past for the Contra Costa Times[citation needed] and The San Francisco Examiner. She has won more than two dozen national and state awards. Marinucci has broken numerous national political news stories, including about California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. She also appears frequently on the PBS Public Television show This Week in Northern California in the San Francisco Bay Area and has appeared several times on Hardball with Chris Matthews.
She received international attention in April 2011 after posting a video on the internet of Barack Obama saying Bradley Manning "broke the law". Supporters of Manning accused Obama of jeopardising Manning's chances of receiving a fair trial. Marinucci was punished by the White House which withdrew her privileges. The White House was then accused of hypocrisy. The San Francisco Chronicle accused the White House of a "credibility gap on press coverage".
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Carlos Gutierrez
Carlos Miguel Gutierrez (originally Gutiérrez) (born November 4, 1953) is an American former CEO and former U.S. Cabinet Member who is currently a Vice Chairman of Citigroup's Institutional Clients Group. He has previously served as the 35th U.S. Secretary of Commerce from 2005 to 2009. Gutierrez is a former Chairman of the Board and CEO of the Kellogg Company.
Gutierrez was born in Havana, Cuba, the son of a pineapple plantation owner. Gutierrez is of Spanish and French descent. As a successful businessman, his father was deemed an enemy of the state by Fidel Castro's regime. Faced with the expropriation of their property following the Cuban Revolution, Gutierrez's family fled for the United States in 1960 when he was six years old. Like many other Cuban American exiles, they settled in Miami. When it became apparent they would not be going home, Gutierrez's father accepted a position with the H. J. Heinz Company in Mexico and later started his own business. Gutierrez learned his first words of English from the bellhop at the hotel where they initially stayed and, some years later, he and his family acquired United States citizenship.
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Charles Evans Hughes
Charles Evans Hughes, Sr. (April 11, 1862 – August 27, 1948) was an American statesman, lawyer and Republican politician from New York. He served as the 36th Governor of New York (1907–1910), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1910–1916), United States Secretary of State (1921–1925), a judge on the Court of International Justice (1928–1930), and the 11th Chief Justice of the United States (1930–1941). He was the Republican candidate in the 1916 U.S. Presidential election, losing narrowly to Woodrow Wilson.
Hughes was a professor in the 1890s, a staunch supporter of Britain's New Liberalism, an important leader of the progressive movement of the 20th century, a leading diplomat and New York lawyer in the days of Harding and Coolidge, and was known for being swing voter when dealing with cases related to the New Deal in the 1930s. Historian Clinton Rossiter has hailed him as a leading American conservative.
Charles Evans Hughes was born in Glens Falls, New York. He was active in the Northern Baptist church, a Mainline Protestant denomination.
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Christian Herter
Christian Archibald Herter (March 28, 1895 – December 30, 1966) was an American politician and statesman; 59th governor of Massachusetts from 1953 to 1957, and United States Secretary of State from 1959 to 1961.
Herter was born in Paris, France, to American artist and expatriate parents, Albert Herter and Adele McGinnis, and attended the École Alsacienne there (1901–1904) before moving to New York City, where he attended the Browning School (1904–1911). He graduated from Harvard University in 1915 and did graduate work in architecture and interior design before joining the diplomatic corps in the following year.
Herter married the wealthy heiress Mary Caroline Pratt (1895–1980) in 1917. She was the daughter of Frederic B. Pratt, longtime head of the Pratt Institute and granddaughter of Standard Oil magnate Charles Pratt. They had three sons and one daughter, including Christian A. Herter, Jr., who was active in international relations.
He was made attaché to the U.S. Embassy in Berlin, and he was briefly arrested while in Mainz as a possible spy. He was part of the U.S. delegation to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, where he helped draft the Covenant of the League of Nations. Later, he was the assistant to Herbert Hoover when he was instrumental in providing starvation relief to post–World War I Europe and was later Commerce Secretary. Herter also participated in the 1919 meeting that resulted in the U.S. Council on Foreign Relations.
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Clarence Page
Clarence Page (born June 2, 1947) is an American journalist, syndicated columnist, and senior member of The Chicago Tribune editorial board.
Page was born in Dayton, Ohio, and attended Middletown High School in Middletown where he worked on the school's bi-weekly newspaper. After graduating in 1965, he worked freelance as a writer and photographer for The Middletown Journal and The Cincinnati Enquirer, while he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in journalism from Ohio University.
After his graduation from university in 1969, Page took a position with The Chicago Tribune, and was drafted into the military after only six months with the paper. He found himself assigned as an Army journalist with the 212th Artillery Group at Fort Lewis, Washington, when his obligation ended and he made his way back to the Tribune in 1971.
Page is an occasional panelist on The McLaughlin Group, a regular contributor of essays to NewsHour with Jim Lehrer, host of several documentaries on the Public Broadcasting Service, and an occasional commentator on National Public Radio's Weekend Edition Sunday. Page often appears as a political analyst on the Chris Matthews Show and Countdown with Keith Olbermann on MSNBC. He also appeared in the 1993 film Rising Sun, playing himself as a talk show panel member. Page's achievements came despite an undiagnosed case of ADD, the effects of which he recounts in a chapter in Positively ADD.
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Colin Powell
Colin Luther Powell ( /ˈkoʊlɨn/; born April 5, 1937) is an American statesman and a retired four-star general in the United States Army. He was the 65th United States Secretary of State, serving under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005. He was the first African American to serve in that position. During his military career, Powell also served as National Security Advisor (1987–1989), as Commander of the U.S. Army Forces Command (1989) and as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989–1993), holding the latter position during the Gulf War. He was the first, and so far the only, African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Colin Luther Powell was born on April 5, 1937 in Harlem, a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, to Jamaican immigrant parents Maud Arial (née McKoy) and Luther Theophilus Powell. He also has Scottish ancestry. Powell was raised in the South Bronx and attended Morris High School, a former public school in the Bronx, from which he graduated in 1954. While at school, he worked at a local baby furniture store where he picked up Yiddish from the shopkeepers and some of the customers. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in geology from the City College of New York in 1958 and was a self-admitted C average student. He was later able to earn a Master of Business Administration degree from the George Washington University in 1971, after his second tour in Vietnam.
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Condoleezza Rice
Condoleezza Rice ( /ˌkɒndəˈliːzə/; born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist and diplomat. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, and was the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state, as well as the second African American (after Colin Powell), and the second woman (after Madeleine Albright). Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position. Before joining the Bush administration, she was a professor of political science at Stanford University where she served as Provost from 1993 to 1999. Rice also served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and East European Affairs Advisor to President George H.W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification.
Following her confirmation as Secretary of State, Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy, with a focus on democracy in the Greater Middle East. Her emphasis on supporting democratically elected governments faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems with U.S. support. While Secretary of State, she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation's board of directors.
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Cordell Hull
Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871 – July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee. He is best known as the longest-serving Secretary of State, holding the position for 11 years (1933–1944) in the administration of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt during much of World War II. Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 for his role in establishing the United Nations, and was referred to by President Roosevelt as the "Father of the United Nations".
Hull was born in a log cabin in Olympus, which is now part of Pickett County, Tennessee, but was then part of Overton County. He became the elected chairman of the Clay County Democratic Party at the age of 19.
In 1891, Hull graduated from Cumberland School of Law at Cumberland University and was admitted to the bar. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1893 to 1897. During the Spanish-American War, he served in Cuba as a captain in the Fourth Regiment of the Tennessee Volunteer Infantry.
Hull served 11 terms in the United States House of Representatives (1907–1921 and 1923–1931) and authored the federal income tax laws of 1913 and 1916 and the inheritance tax of 1916. After an electoral defeat in 1920, Hull served as chairman of the Democratic National Committee. He was elected to the Senate in 1930, but resigned upon being named Secretary of State in 1933.
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Cyrus Vance
Cyrus Roberts Vance (March 27, 1917 – January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer and United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980. Prior to that position he was the Secretary of the Army and the Deputy Secretary of Defense.
As Secretary of State, Vance approached foreign policy with an emphasis on negotiation over conflict and a special interest in arms reduction. In April 1980, Vance resigned in protest of Operation Eagle Claw, the secret mission to rescue American hostages in Iran. He was succeeded by Edmund Muskie.
Vance was the cousin (and adoptive son) of 1924 Democratic presidential candidate and lawyer John W. Davis. He was the father of Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance, Jr.
Vance was born in Clarksburg, West Virginia. He graduated from Kent School in 1935 and earned a bachelor's degree in 1939 from Yale University, where he was a member of the secret society Scroll and Key. He also earned three varsity letters in ice hockey at Yale. He graduated from Yale Law School in 1942.
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Dan Senor
Daniel Samuel Senor, known as Dan Senor (pronounced /ˈsiːnər/; born November 6, 1971), is a founding partner of Rosemont Capital LLC, and Rosemont Solebury Capital Management. He is also a Fox News contributor and a frequent contributor to The Wall Street Journal among other publications. He is co-author the book Start-up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle, about the economy of Israel and globalization in the Middle East. Senor is most noted for his former position as chief spokesperson for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq. He is married to television news personality Campbell Brown.
Senor was born in Utica, New York, and grew up in Toronto, Ontario. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Western Ontario and Hebrew University in Jerusalem and received an MBA from Harvard in 2001.
Senor spent much of the 1990s working in Congress, as both a foreign policy advisor and Communications Director to former U.S. Senator and Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham (R-MI).
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Dana Milbank
Dana Timothy Milbank (born April 27, 1968) is a columnist for The Washington Post.
He is a graduate of Yale University, where he was a member of Trumbull College, the Progressive Party of the Yale Political Union and the secret society Skull and Bones. He is a graduate of Sanford H. Calhoun High School in Merrick, New York.
Milbank covered the 2000 US Presidential election and the 2004 US Presidential election. He also covered US President George W. Bush's first term in office. After Bush won the 2000 election, Karl Rove asked the Washington Post not to assign Milbank to cover White House news. In 2001, a pool report penned by Milbank which covered a Bush visit to the US Capitol generated controversy within conservative circles. According to Milbank, the nickname given to him by the president is "not printable in a family publication."
Milbank writes "Washington Sketch" for the Post, an observational column about political theater in the White House, Congress, and elsewhere in the capital. Before coming to the Post as a political writer in 2000, he covered the Clinton White House for The New Republic and Congress for The Wall Street Journal.
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Daniel Webster
Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was a leading American statesman and senator from Massachusetts during the period leading up to the Civil War. He first rose to regional prominence through his defense of New England shipping interests. Webster's increasingly nationalistic views, and his effectiveness as a speaker, made him one of the most famous orators and influential Whig leaders of the Second Party System. He was one of the nation's most prominent conservatives, leading opposition to Democrat Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. He was a spokesman for modernization, banking and industry, but not for the common people who composed the base of his enemies in Jacksonian Democracy. "He was a thoroughgoing elitist, and he reveled in it," says biographer Remini. During his 40 years in national politics, Webster served in the House of Representatives for 10 years (representing New Hampshire), in the Senate for 19 years (representing Massachusetts), and was appointed the Secretary of State under three presidents.
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Dean Acheson
Dean Gooderham Acheson (April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer. As United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953, he played a central role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War. Acheson helped design the Marshall Plan and played a central role in the development of the Truman Doctrine and creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Acheson's most famous decision was convincing President Truman to intervene in the Korean War in June 1950. He also persuaded Truman to dispatch aid and advisors to French forces in Indochina, though in 1968 he finally counseled President Lyndon B. Johnson to negotiate for peace with North Vietnam. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, President John F. Kennedy called upon Acheson for advice, bringing him into the executive committee (ExComm), a strategic advisory group.
In the late 1940s Acheson came under heavy attack over Truman's policy toward China, and for Acheson's defense of State Department employees (such as Alger Hiss) accused during the anti-Communist Red Scare investigations of Senator Joseph McCarthy and others.
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Dean Rusk
David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909 – December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. Rusk is the second-longest serving U.S. Secretary of State of all time, behind only Cordell Hull.
Dean Rusk was born in a rural district of Cherokee County, Georgia, the son of Robert Hugh and Frances Elizabeth (Clotfelter) Rusk. He was educated in Atlanta's public schools, graduated from Boys High School in 1925, and spent two years working for an Atlanta lawyer before working his way through Davidson College. Rusk was coached in football by William "Monk" Younger and was a member of the Kappa Alpha Order Sigma chapter, becoming a Cadet Lieutenant Colonel commanding the Reserve Officers' Training Corps battalion. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1931. While studying in England as a Rhodes Scholar at St. John's College, Oxford, he received the Cecil Peace Prize in 1933.
Rusk taught at Mills College in Oakland, California from 1934 to 1949 and earned a law degree at the University of California, Berkeley in 1940. He married Virginia Foisie (October 5, 1915 – February 24, 1996) on June 9, 1937 and they had three children.
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Dick Cheney
Richard Bruce "Dick" Cheney (born January 30, 1941) served as the 46th Vice President of the United States (2001–2009), under George W. Bush.
Born in Lincoln, Nebraska, Cheney was primarily raised in Sumner, Nebraska, and Casper, Wyoming. He began his political career as an intern for Congressman William A. Steiger, eventually working his way into the White House during the Nixon and Ford administrations, where he served the latter as White House Chief of Staff. In 1978, Cheney was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Wyoming; he was reelected five times, eventually becoming House Minority Whip. Cheney was selected to be the Secretary of Defense during the presidency of George H. W. Bush, holding the position for the majority of Bush's term. During this time, Cheney oversaw the 1991 Operation Desert Storm, among other actions.
Out of office during the Clinton presidency, Cheney was chairman and CEO of Halliburton Company from 1995 to 2000.
Cheney was born in Lincoln, Nebraska, the son of Marjorie Lorraine (née Dickey) and Richard Herbert Cheney. He is of predominantly English, as well as Welsh, Irish, and French Huguenot, ancestry; Cheney's 8th great-grandfather, William Cheney, immigrated from England to Massachusetts in the 17th century. Although not a direct descendant, he is collaterally related to Benjamin Pierce Cheney (1815–1895), the early American expressman. Cheney is a very distant cousin of both Harry S. Truman and Barack Obama; the three share a common ancestor in Mareen Duvall, a Huguenot who fled from France to England in the 17th century and later settled in Maryland. His father was a soil conservation agent for the U.S. Department of Agriculture and his mother was a softball star in the 1930s; Cheney was one of three children.
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Dick Morris
Dick Morris (born November 28, 1948) is an American political author and commentator who previously worked as a pollster, political campaign consultant, and general political consultant.
A friend and advisor to Bill Clinton during his time as Governor of Arkansas, Morris became a political adviser to the White House after Clinton was elected president in 1992. Morris encouraged Clinton to pursue third way policies of triangulation that combined, to achieve maximum political gain and popularity, traditional Republican and Democratic proposals, rhetoric, and issues. He worked as a Republican strategist before joining the Clinton administration, where he helped Clinton recover from the 1994 midterm elections by convincing the President to adopt Republican policies.
The president consulted Morris in secret beginning in 1994. Clinton's communications director George Stephanopoulos has said, "Over the course of the first nine months of 1995, no single person had more power over the president." Morris went on to become campaign manager of Bill Clinton's successful 1996 bid for re-election to the office of President. His tenure on that campaign was cut short two months before the election, when it was revealed that he had allowed a prostitute to listen in on conversations with the President. Morris then turned his focus to media commentary. He now writes a weekly column for the New York Post which is carried nationwide, contributes columns and blogs to both the print and online versions of The Hill, and appears regularly on the Fox News Channel for political commentary. He is also President of Vote.com.
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Dillon Anderson
Dillon Anderson (July 14, 1906 – January 29, 1974) was a U.S. administrator. He served as the National Security Advisor from 2 April 1955 to 1 September 1956. He also was a member of the Draper Committee.
Anderson was born on July 14, 1906 in McKinney, Texas, the son of Joseph A. and Bessie Dillon. After attending Texas Christian University, Anderson received his B.S. from the University of Oklahoma (1927) and his LL.B. from Yale Law School (1929). He served in the United States Army during World War II (1942–1945) and earned the Legion of Merit. Anderson was also a partner at the law firm of Baker Botts in Houston, Texas, beginning in 1940. Before becoming National Security Advisor, Anderson was an official at the National Security Council from 1953 to 1955. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1959.
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Dirk Kempthorne
Dirk Arthur Kempthorne (born October 29, 1951), was the U.S. Secretary of the Interior, who served under President George W. Bush from 2006 to 2009. A Republican, Kempthorne previously served as the 30th Governor and as a U.S. Senator from Idaho.
Kempthorne was first elected to public office as mayor of Boise in 1985, where he served for seven years. According to The New York Times, over the course of his career in public service, Kempthorne established a reputation as "a personable leader with a strong understanding of issues."
Kempthorne is known for his conservative views, particularly on economic issues.
Kempthorne serves as a co-chair of the Democracy Project at the Bipartisan Policy Center.
Kempthorne was raised in San Bernardino, California. Kempthorne attended and graduated from San Gorgonio High School in San Bernardino. He attended San Bernardino Valley College, then transferred to the University of Idaho, where he graduated in 1975 with a degree in political science, and served a term as student body president. Upon graduation Kempthorne served as an assistant to the director of the Idaho Department of Lands and then as executive vice president of the Idaho Home Builders Association.
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Donald Evans
Donald Louis Evans (born July 26, 1946) was the 34th U.S. Secretary of Commerce. He was appointed by his longtime friend George W. Bush and sworn into office on January 20, 2001. On November 9, 2004, the White House announced that Evans intended to resign by the end of January 2005.
Donald Evans was chosen to be the Non-Executive Chairman of TXU Energy, following the completion of its acquisition by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Texas Pacific Group.
Born in Houston, Texas, Evans attended the University of Texas at Austin, receiving a Bachelor of Science degree in mechanical engineering in 1969 and an MBA from the McCombs School of Business in 1973. While at UT, he was a member of Texas Cowboys, Omicron Delta Kappa and the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.
In 1975, Evans moved to Midland, Texas from Houston and began working on an oil rig for Tom Brown Inc., a large independent energy company now based in Denver. Ten years later he took the company over as CEO and continued running it until becoming Commerce Secretary.
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Donald Kennedy
Donald Kennedy (born August 18, 1931) is an American scientist, public administrator and academic.
Donald Kennedy was born in New York and educated at Harvard University (A.B.; Ph.D., Biology, 1956). He has spent most of his professional career at Stanford University, which he joined as a faculty member in 1960 and where he was chair of the Department of Biology from 1964–1972, then director of the Program in Human Biology from 1973-1977. Kennedy is a fellow of the Hastings Center, an independent bioethics research institution, and is on the board of directors of the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.
For 26 months he served as Commissioner of the United States Food and Drug Administration during the Carter Administration. Having been appointed by the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, Joseph Califano, in April 1977, in the next two-plus years Kennedy and the FDA dealt with issues such as the fallout from the attempt to ban saccharin and worked on provisions of the proposed Drug Regulation Reform Act of 1978.
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Donald Rumsfeld
Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is an American politician and businessman. Rumsfeld served as the 13th Secretary of Defense from 1975 to 1977 under President Gerald Ford, and as the 21st Secretary of Defense from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. He is both the youngest and the oldest person to have served as Secretary of Defense. Additionally, Rumsfeld was a four-term U.S. Congressman from Illinois (1962–1969), Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (1969–1970), Counsellor to the President (1969–1973), the United States Permanent Representative to NATO (1973–1974), and White House Chief of Staff (1974–1975).
Born in Illinois, Rumsfeld attended Princeton University, graduating in 1954 with a degree in political science. After serving in the Navy for three years, he mounted a campaign for Congress in Illinois' 13th Congressional District, winning in 1962 at the age of 30. Reelected four times, he was a leading co-sponsor of the Freedom of Information Act. Rumsfeld was reluctantly appointed by President Richard Nixon to head the Office of Economic Opportunity in 1969; appointed Counselor by Nixon and entitled to Cabinet-level status, he would also head up the Economic Stabilization Program before being appointed Ambassador to NATO. Called back to Washington in August 1974, Rumsfeld was appointed Chief of Staff by President Ford, recruiting a young one-time staffer of his, Dick Cheney, to succeed him when Ford nominated Rumsfeld Secretary of Defense in 1975.
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Dorothy Height
Dorothy Irene Height (March 24, 1912 – April 20, 2010) was an American administrator, educator, and social activist. She was the president of the National Council of Negro Women for forty years, and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1994, and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2004.
Height was born in Richmond, Virginia. At a very early age, she moved with her family to Rankin, Pennsylvania, a steel town in the suburbs of Pittsburgh. Height was admitted to Barnard College in 1929, but upon arrival, she was denied entrance because the school had an unwritten policy of admitting only two black students per year. She pursued studies instead at New York University, earning a degree in 1932, and a master's degree in educational psychology the following year. Height pursued further postgraduate work at Columbia University and the New York School of Social Work (the predecessor of the Columbia University School of Social Work).
Height started working as a caseworker with the New York City Welfare Department and, at the age of twenty-five, she began a career as a civil rights activist when she joined the National Council of Negro Women. She fought for equal rights for both African Americans and women, and in 1944 she joined the national staff of the YWCA. She also served as National President of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority from 1946 to 1957. She remained active with Delta Sigma Theta Sorority throughout her life. While there she developed leadership training programs and interracial and ecumenical education programs.
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Ed Schafer
Edward Thomas "Ed" Schafer (born August 8, 1946) served as the 29th United States Secretary of Agriculture from 2008 to 2009. He also served as the 30th Governor of North Dakota from 1992 to 2000.
Schafer was born and raised in Bismarck, North Dakota, and is the son of businessman Harold Schafer. His sister, Pam Schafer, was the first wife of Democratic-NPL U.S. Senator Kent Conrad.
His educational background includes a bachelor's degree from the University of North Dakota, where he was a member of Sigma Nu fraternity, and an M.B.A. from the University of Denver. Following graduation, he went to work at the Gold Seal Company, a North Dakota-based manufacturing company owned by his father, eventually serving as company president from 1978 to 1985.
He is married to the former Nancy Jones and has two children: Tom Schafer and Ellie Schafer; and two stepchildren: Eric Jones and Kari Jones. He is the first North Dakota Governor to be married while in office. Schafer has also played an active role in the Theodore Roosevelt Medora Foundation an organization which preserves the landmarks and legacy of the time that US 26th President, Theodore Roosevelt spent in and around Medora, North Dakota, between 1883 to 1889.
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Edmund Muskie
Edmund Sixtus "Ed" Muskie (March 28, 1914 – March 26, 1996) was an American politician from Rumford, Maine. He served as Governor of Maine from 1955 to 1959, as a member of the United States Senate from 1959 to 1980, and as Secretary of State under Jimmy Carter from 1980 to 1981. Muskie was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in the 1968 presidential election, and was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President in 1972.
Muskie held the highest office (Secretary of State) held by a Polish American in U.S. history, and also is the only Polish American ever nominated by a major party for Vice President.
Muskie was born in Rumford, Maine. His father, Stephen Marciszewski (mar-chih-SHEF-ski) immigrated to the United States in 1903 and changed his name to Muskie. His mother Josephine (née Czarnecki) was born in Buffalo, New York, to Polish immigrants. His parents, Roman Catholics, had seven children, of whom six survived.
Muskie attended Bates College in Lewiston, Maine, where he majored in history and government. While at Bates, Muskie was a successful member of the debating team, participated in several sports, and was elected to student government. He also worked during the school year as a waiter, and during the summers at a hotel in Kennebunk, Maine, to supplement the scholarship that allowed him to attend the college. He graduated from Bates in 1936, and from Cornell Law School in 1939.
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Edmund Randolph
Edmund Jennings Randolph (August 10, 1753 – September 12, 1813) was an American attorney, the seventh Governor of Virginia, the second Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General.
Randolph was born on August 10, 1753 to the influential Randolph family in Williamsburg, Virginia. He was educated at the College of William and Mary. After graduation he began reading law with his father John Randolph and uncle, Peyton Randolph. In 1775, with the start of the American Revolution, Randolph's father remained a Loyalist and returned to Britain; Edmund Randolph remained in America where he joined the Continental Army as aide-de-camp to General George Washington.
Upon the death of his uncle Peyton Randolph in October 1775 Randolph returned to Virginia to act as executor of the estate, and while there was elected as a representative to the Virginia Convention. He would go on to serve as mayor of Williamsburg, and then as the first Attorney General of the United States under the newly-formed government. He was married on August 29, 1776 to Elizabeth Nicholas (daughter of Robert C. Nicholas), and had a total of six children, including Peyton Randolph, Governor of Virginia from 1811 to 1812.
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Edward Everett
Edward Everett (April 11, 1794 – January 15, 1865) was an American politician and educator from Massachusetts. Everett, a Whig, served as U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, the 15th Governor of Massachusetts, Minister to Great Britain, and United States Secretary of State. He also taught at Harvard University and served as president of Harvard.
Everett was one of the great American orators of the ante-bellum and Civil War era. He is often remembered today as the featured orator at the dedication ceremony of the National Cemetery in Gettysburg in 1863, where he spoke for over two hours — immediately before President Abraham Lincoln delivered his famous, two-minute Gettysburg Address.
Everett was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to the Rev. Oliver Everett, a 1779 graduate of Harvard College, and Lucy Hill, the daughter of Alexander S. Hill of Philadelphia. He was a direct descendant of Richard Everett and first cousin to Congressman Horace Everett. He attended Boston Latin School and Phillips Exeter Academy and, at the age of 13, he was admitted to Harvard University. In 1811, at age 17, he graduated as the valedictorian of his class. He studied theology under the urging of the Rev. Joseph Stevens Buckminster, and was ordained pastor of the Brattle Street Church in Boston in 1814. But he soon gave up the pulpit for further studies and a post as professor of Greek literature.
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Edward Livingston
Edward Livingston (May 28, 1764 – May 23, 1836) was an American jurist and statesman. He was an influential figure in the drafting of the Louisiana Civil Code of 1825, a civil code based largely on the Napoleonic Code. He represented both New York, and later Louisiana in Congress and he served as the U.S. Secretary of State from 1831 to 1833.
Livingston was born in Clermont, Columbia County, New York. He was the youngest son of Robert Livingston and a member of the prestigious Livingston family. He graduated from Princeton University in 1781, was admitted to the bar in 1785, and began to practice law in New York City, rapidly rising to distinction. From 1795 to 1801 Livingson was a Democratic-Republican U.S. Representative in the United States Congress from the state of New York, where he was one of the leaders of the opposition to Jay's Treaty, and introduced the resolution calling upon President George Washington to furnish Congress with the details of the negotiations of the peace treaty with the Kingdom of Great Britain, which the President refused to share. At the close of Washington’s administration he voted with Andrew Jackson and other radicals against the address to the president.
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Ehud Barak
Ehud Barak (Hebrew: אהוד ברק (help·info); born Ehud Brog on 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician who served as Prime Minister from 1999 to 2001. He was leader of the Labor Party until January 2011 and holds the posts of Minister of Defense and Deputy Prime Minister in Binyamin Netanyahu's government.
He is a graduate in physics, mathematics, and economics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Stanford University. He served as an officer in the Israel Defense Forces. Following a highly decorated career, he was appointed Chief of General Staff in 1991, serving until 1995.
He was born on 12 February 1942 in kibbutz Mishmar HaSharon in Israel. He is the eldest of four sons of Esther (née Godin) (b. 1913) and Yisrael Mendel Brog (1910-2002).
His paternal grandparents, Frieda and Reuven Brog, were murdered in Pušalotas (Pushelat) in the northern Lithuania (then ruled by Russian Empire) in 1912, leaving his father orphaned at the age of two. Barak's maternal grandparents, Elka and Shmuel Godin, died at the Treblinka extermination camp during the Holocaust.
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Elaine Chao
Elaine Lan Chao (traditional Chinese: 趙小蘭; simplified Chinese: 赵小兰; pinyin: Zhào Xiǎolán; Wade–Giles: Chao Hsiao-lan; born March 26, 1953) served as the 24th United States Secretary of Labor in the Cabinet of President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2009. She was the first Asian Pacific American woman and first Chinese American to be appointed to a President's cabinet in American history. Chao was the only cabinet member to serve under George W. Bush for his entire administration. She is married to U.S. Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-Kentucky), the current U.S. Senate Minority Leader.
The eldest of six daughters, Chao was born in Taipei, Taiwan, to Ruth Mulan Chu Chao (趙朱木蘭 Zhào Zhū Mùlán), a historian, and Dr. James S.C. Chao (趙錫成博士 Zhào Xīchéng), who began his career as a merchant mariner and later, after getting established in New York, built a successful shipping company (Foremost Shipping Co.). Elaine Chao’s parents had fled to Taiwan from mainland China after the Chinese Communists took over after the Chinese Civil War in 1949. Chao attended Taipei’s Tsai Hsing Elementary School in kindergarten and first grade. Chao, her mother and two eldest sisters came to the U.S. aboard a freight ship in 1961, when she was eight years old. Her father had arrived in New York three years earlier after receiving a scholarship. It took three years for her father to save enough money to pay for his family’s passage from Taiwan and for visas to be obtained for them.
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Elihu Root
Elihu Root (February 15, 1845 – February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman and the 1912 recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He was the prototype of the 20th century "wise man", who shuttled between high-level government positions in Washington, D.C. and private-sector legal practice in New York City.
Root was born in Clinton, New York, to Oren Root I and Nancy Whitney Buttrick. His father was professor of mathematics at Hamilton College, where Elihu attended college; there he joined the Sigma Phi Society, and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society After graduation, Root taught for one year at the Rome (N.Y.) Free Academy. In 1867, Root graduated from the New York University School of Law. He went into private practice as a lawyer. While mainly practicing corporate law, Root was a junior defense counsel during the corruption trial of William "Boss" Tweed. Root also had private clients including Jay Gould, Chester A. Arthur, Charles Anderson Dana, William C. Whitney, Thomas Fortune Ryan, and E. H. Harriman.
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Eric Holder
Eric Himpton Holder, Jr. (born January 21, 1951) is the 82nd and current Attorney General of the United States and the first black American to hold the position, serving under President Barack Obama.
Holder previously served as a judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia and a United States Attorney. In that office he prosecuted Congressman Dan Rostenkowski (Democrat, Illinois) for corruption charges related to his role in the Congressional Post Office scandal. Later, he was Deputy Attorney General of the United States and worked at the law firm of Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C. He was senior legal advisor to then-Senator Barack Obama during Obama's presidential campaign and one of three members of Obama's vice-presidential selection committee.
Eric Himpton Holder, Jr. was born in the Bronx, New York, to parents with roots in Barbados.[dead link] Holder's father, Eric Himpton Holder, Sr. (1905–1970) was born in Saint Joseph, Barbados and arrived in the United States at the age of 11. He later became a real estate broker. His mother, Miriam, was born in New Jersey, while his maternal grandparents were immigrants from Saint Philip, Barbados. Holder grew up in East Elmhurst, Queens, and attended public school until the age of 10. When entering the 4th grade he was selected to participate in a program for intellectually gifted students. In 1969, he graduated from Stuyvesant High School in Manhattan and attended Columbia University, where he played freshman basketball and was co-captain of his team. He earned a A.B. degree in American history in 1973. Holder received his Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School, graduating in 1976. He worked for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund during his first summer and the United States Attorney during his second summer.
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Evan Wallach
Evan Jonathan Wallach (born 1949) is an American lawyer and judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. A former judge of the United States Court of International Trade, he is one of the nation's foremost experts on war crimes and the law of war.
Wallach was decorated for his service during the Vietnam War, and received a Bachelor of Arts at the University of Arizona in 1973, followed by a Juris Doctor at the University of California Berkeley in 1976. He received a Bachelor of Laws with honors in International Law from University of Cambridge in 1981. Wallach also served in the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps in the International Affairs Division of the Office of TJAG at The Pentagon during the Gulf War, where he assisted in advising on the law of war and investigating war crimes allegedly committed by Iraqi leaders. He has taken JAG Officer's Basic and Advanced Courses.
As an adjunct law professor Wallach specialises in the law of war. From 1989 - 1995 he served as Judge Advocate General in the Nevada Army National Guard, with the rank of major. His responsibilities included giving annual lectures to Military Police regarding their legal obligations on treatment of prisoners. During the Gulf War he served at the Pentagon in the International Affairs Division of the Office of The Judge Advocate of the Army, where he assisted in advising on the law of war and investigating war crimes allegedly committed by Iraqi leaders.
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Frank Carlucci
Frank Charles Carlucci III (born October 18, 1930) served as the United States Secretary of Defense from 1987 to 1989 in administration of President Ronald Reagan. Prior to that, Carlucci served in a variety of senior-level governmental positions, including Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity in the Richard Nixon administration, Deputy Director of the CIA in the Jimmy Carter administration, and Deputy Secretary of Defense and National Security Adviser in the Reagan administration.
Carlucci was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the son of Roxanne (née Bacon) and Frank Charles Carlucci, Jr., an insurance broker. His father was of Italian and Swiss descent. He graduated from Wyoming Seminary in 1948 and Princeton University in 1952, where he roomed with Donald Rumsfeld, and attended Harvard Business School for an MBA in 1954-55. He was a Naval officer from 1952-54. He joined the Foreign Service, working for the State Department from 1956 until 1969. In 1961 he participated in a CIA mission to Congo, in which he helped to rescue US citizens from mobs.
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Fred Shuttlesworth
Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth (March 18, 1922 – October 5, 2011), born Freddie Lee Robinson, was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama. He was a co-founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, was instrumental in the 1963 Birmingham Campaign, and continued to work against racism and for alleviation of the problems of the homeless in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he took up a pastorate in 1961. He returned to Birmingham after his retirement in 2007. He helped Martin Luther King Jr. during the civil rights movement, and was given an acceptance award to visit Dr. King anytime during the movement.
The Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport was named in his honor in 2008.
Born in Mount Meigs, Alabama, Shuttlesworth became pastor of the Bethel Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1953 and was Membership Chairman of the Alabama state chapter of the NAACP in 1956, when the State of Alabama formally outlawed it from operating within the state. In May 1956 Shuttlesworth and Ed Gardner established the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights to take up the work formerly done by the NAACP.
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Frederick Terman
Frederick Emmons Terman (June 7, 1900 in English, Indiana – December 19, 1982) was an American academic. He is widely credited (together with William Shockley) with being the father of Silicon Valley.
Terman completed his undergraduate degree in chemistry and his master's degree in electrical engineering at Stanford University. His father Lewis Terman, the man who popularized the IQ test in America, was a professor at Stanford. Terman went on to earn an ScD in electrical engineering from MIT in 1924. His advisor at MIT was Vannevar Bush, who first proposed what became the National Science Foundation.
He returned to Stanford in 1925 as a member of the engineering faculty. From 1925 to 1941 Terman designed a course of study and research in electronics at Stanford that focused on work with vacuum tubes, circuits, and instrumentation. He also wrote Radio Engineering (first edition in 1932; second edition, much improved, in 1938; third edition in 1947 with added coverage of new technologies developed during World War II; fourth edition in 1955 with a new title, Electronic and Radio Engineering), one of the most important books on electrical and radio engineering, and to this day a good reference on those subjects. Terman's students at Stanford included Oswald Garrison Villard, Jr., William Hewlett and David Packard. He encouraged his students to form their own companies and personally invested in many of them, resulting in firms such as Litton Industries and Hewlett-Packard. Terman was president of the Institute of Radio Engineers in 1941.
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Gale Norton
Gale Ann Norton (born March 11, 1954) served as the 48th United States Secretary of the Interior from 2001 to 2006 under President George W. Bush. She was the first woman to hold the position.
Norton was born in Wichita, Kansas and raised in Wichita and Thornton, Colorado, and graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa from the University of Denver in 1975 and earned her Juris Doctor degree with honors from that university's College of Law in 1978. She divorced her first husband, Harold Everett Reed, when he was publicly reported as gay by the Denver local gay newspaper, OutFront. She is currently married to John Hughes. In the late 1970s, she was a member of the Libertarian Party and was nearly selected as its national director in 1980. Norton was influenced by the works of novelist Ayn Rand, and has been associated with a number of groups in the "wise use" or "free-market environmentalist" movement, such as the Property and Environmental Research Center [2], of which she is a fellow. She also worked as Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Agriculture and, from 1979 to 1983, as a Senior Attorney for the Mountain States Legal Foundation.
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George Marshall
George Catlett Marshall (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959) was an American military leader, Chief of Staff of the Army, Secretary of State, and the third Secretary of Defense. Once noted as the "organizer of victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, Marshall served as the United States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief military adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. As Secretary of State, his name was given to the Marshall Plan, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.
George Catlett Marshall was born into a middle-class family in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, the son of George Catlett Marshall, Sr. and Laura Emily (Bradford) Marshall. Marshall was a scion of an old Virginia family, as well as a distant relative of former Chief Justice John Marshall. Marshall graduated from the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), where he was initiated into the Kappa Alpha Order, in 1901.
Following graduation from VMI, Marshall was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the U.S. Army. Until World War I, he was posted to various positions in the US and the Philippines. He served as an infantry platoon leader and company commander in the Phillipines during the Phillipine-American War and several other guerilla uprisings. He was schooled and trained in modern warfare. His pre-war service included a tour at Fort Leavenworth, KS from 1906 to 1910 as both a student and an instructor.
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George Tenet
George John Tenet (born January 5, 1953) was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) for the United States Central Intelligence Agency, and is Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University.
Tenet held the position as the DCI from July 1997 to July 2004, making him the second-longest-serving director in the agency's history–behind Allen Welsh Dulles–as well as one of the few DCIs to serve under two U.S. presidents of opposing political parties. In February 2008, he became a managing director at the merchant bank Allen & Company.
Tenet was born in Flushing, Queens, New York, the son of Evangelia and John Tenet. His father was born in Albania. His mother was from Epirus. His father worked in a coal-mine in France before arriving in the United States. Tenet was raised in Little Neck, Queens where he and his brother Bill worked as busboys in their family's diner (later renamed Scobee Diner). He attended Public School 94, Louis Pasteur Junior High School 67, and Benjamin N. Cardozo High School (he was a classmate of Ron Jeremy and actor Reginald VelJohnson). Tenet graduated from Georgetown University in 1976 with a Bachelor of Science degree in foreign service and received a Master of International Affairs degree from Columbia University in 1978.
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Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment (after Spiro Agnew had resigned), when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he became the only President of the United States who was never elected President nor Vice-President by the Electoral College. Before ascending to the vice-presidency, Ford served nearly 25 years as the Representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district, eight of them as the Republican Minority Leader.
As President, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, marking a move toward détente in the Cold War. With the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam nine months into his presidency, U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended. Domestically, Ford presided over arguably the weakest economy since the Great Depression, with growing inflation and a recession during his tenure. One of his more controversial acts was to grant a presidential pardon to President Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. During Ford's incumbency, foreign policy was characterized in procedural terms by the increased role Congress began to play, and by the corresponding curb on the powers of the President. In 1976, Ford narrowly defeated Ronald Reagan for the Republican nomination, but lost the presidential election to Democrat Jimmy Carter.
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Gerhard Casper
Gerhard Casper (born December 25, 1937) was the ninth president of Stanford University from 1992 to 2000. He is currently a senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies (FSI) at Stanford, and has been appointed to serve as the institute’s director between September 1, 2012 and August 31, 2013. Casper is also the Peter and Helen Bing Professor in Undergraduate Education, emeritus, and is a professor, emeritus, at Stanford Law School.
Born December 25, 1937, Gerhard Casper grew up in Hamburg, Germany. He earned his first law degree from the University of Hamburg in 1961. In 1962, he received his LL.M. from Yale University. He then attended the University of Freiburg, where he obtained his doctorate in 1964.
In the fall of 1964, Casper immigrated to the United States and spent two years as an assistant professor of political science at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1966, he joined the faculty of the University of Chicago Law School. Between 1979 and 1987, he served as dean of the law school. In 1989, Casper was appointed provost of the University of Chicago. He served as president of Stanford University from 1992 to 2000.
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Grover Norquist
Grover Glenn Norquist (born October 19, 1956) is an American lobbyist, conservative activist, and founder and president of Americans for Tax Reform. He is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is best known as the promoter of the "Taxpayer Protection Pledge", which was signed by 95% of all Republican Congressmen and all but one of the 2012 Republican presidential candidates, to oppose increases in marginal income tax rates for individuals and businesses, as well as net reductions or eliminations of deductions and credits without a matching reduced tax rate.
Norquist grew up in Weston, Massachusetts. He is the son of Carol (née Lutz) and Warren Elliott Norquist, a vice president of Polaroid Corporation. Norquist became involved with politics at an early age and in his early teenage years he volunteered for the 1968 Nixon campaign, assisting with get out the vote efforts. He graduated from Weston High School and enrolled at Harvard University in 1974, where he obtained both a B.A. and an M.B.A.. While in college, Norquist was an editor at the Harvard Crimson and helped to publish the libertarian-leaning Harvard Chronicle. Norquist has said: "When I became 21, I decided that nobody learned anything about politics after the age of 21." He attended the Leadership Institute in Arlington, Virginia, an organization that teaches conservative Americans how to influence public policy through activism and leadership.
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Hamilton Fish
Hamilton Fish (August 3, 1808 – September 7, 1893) was an American statesman and politician who served as the 16th Governor of New York, United States Senator and United States Secretary of State. Fish has been considered one of the best Secretaries of State in the United States history; known for his judiciousness and reform efforts during the Grant Administration. Fish settled the controversial Alabama Claims with Great Britain through his development of the concept of international arbitration. Fish kept the United States out of war with Spain over Cuban independence by coolly handling the volatile Virginius Incident. In 1875, Fish initiated the process for Hawaiian statehood, by having negotiated a reciprocal trade treaty for the island nation's abundant sugar supply. Fish organized a peace conference and treaty in Washington D.C. between South American countries and Spain. Fish worked with James Milton Turner, America's first African American consul, to settle the Liberian-Grebo civil war. President Grant stated that Hamilton Fish, above all, was the person whom he most trusted for political advice.
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Harry Belafonte
Harold George "Harry" Belafonte, Jr. (born March 1, 1927) is an American singer, songwriter, actor and social activist. He was dubbed the "King of Calypso" for popularizing the Caribbean musical style with an international audience in the 1950s. Belafonte is perhaps best known for singing "The Banana Boat Song", with its signature lyric "Day-O". Throughout his career he has been an advocate for civil rights and humanitarian causes and was a vocal critic of the policies of the George W. Bush Administration.
Born Harold George Bellanfanti, Jr., at Lying-in Hospital, Harlem, New York, Belafonte was the son of Melvine (née Love) – a housekeeper of Jamaican descent – and Harold George Bellanfanti, Sr., a Martiniquan who worked as a chef in the National Guard. From 1932 to 1940, he lived with his grandmother in her native country of Jamaica. When he returned to New York City, he attended George Washington High School after which he joined the Navy and served during World War II. In the 1940s, he was working as a janitor's assistant in NYC when a tenant gave him, as a gratuity, two tickets to see the American Negro Theater. He fell in love with the art form and also met Sidney Poitier. The financially struggling pair regularly purchased a single seat to local plays, trading places in between acts, after informing the other about the progression of the play. At the end of the 1940s, he took classes in acting at the Dramatic Workshop of The New School in New York with the influential German director Erwin Piscator alongside Marlon Brando, Tony Curtis, Walter Matthau, Bea Arthur and Sidney Poitier, while performing with the American Negro Theatre. He subsequently received a Tony Award for his participation in the Broadway revue John Murray Anderson's Almanac.
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Henry Clay
Henry Clay, Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852), was a lawyer, politician and skilled orator who represented Kentucky separately in both the Senate and in the House of Representatives. He served three different terms as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and was also Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829.
Clay was a dominant figure in both the First and Second Party systems. As a leading war hawk, he favored war with Britain and played a significant role in leading the nation to war in 1812. Later he was involved in the "Corrupt Bargain" of 1824, after which he was appointed Secretary of State by newly elected President John Quincy Adams, earning the scorn of Andrew Jackson. He was the foremost proponent of the American System, fighting for an increase in tariffs to foster industry in the United States, the use of federal funding to build and maintain infrastructure, and a strong national bank. He opposed the annexation of Texas, fearing it would inject the slavery issue into politics. Clay also opposed the Mexican-American War and the "Manifest Destiny" policy of Democrats, which cost him votes in the close 1844 election.
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Henry Kissinger
Heinz Alfred "Henry" Kissinger ( /ˈkɪsɪndʒər/; born May 27, 1923) is a German-born American writer, political scientist, diplomat, and businessman. A recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, he served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After his term, his opinion was still sought by many subsequent presidents and many world leaders.
A proponent of Realpolitik, Kissinger played a dominant role in United States foreign policy between 1969 and 1977. During this period, he pioneered the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrated the opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War. Various American policies of that era, including the bombing of Cambodia, remain controversial to many.
Kissinger is still a controversial figure today. He is the founder and chairman of Kissinger Associates, an international consulting firm.
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Henry Paulson
Henry Merritt "Hank" Paulson, Jr. (born March 28, 1946) is an American banker who served as the 74th United States Secretary of the Treasury. He previously served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Goldman Sachs.
Paulson was born in Palm Beach, Florida, to Marianna (née Gallauer) and Henry Merritt Paulson, a wholesale jeweler. His recent ancestors immigrated from Norway, Germany, and Canada. He was raised in Barrington Hills, Illinois, as a Christian Scientist. Paulson attained the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America and is a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.
A star athlete at Barrington High School, Paulson was a champion wrestler and stand-out football player, graduating in 1964. Paulson received his A.B. in English from Dartmouth College in 1968; at Dartmouth he was a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Alpha Epsilon and he was an All-Ivy, All-East, and honorable mention All American as an offensive lineman.
He met his wife Wendy Judge, a Wellesley College graduate, during his senior year. The couple have two adult children, sports-team owner Henry Merritt Paulson III, more commonly known as Merritt Paulson, and journalist Amanda Paulson. The Paulsons became grandparents in June 2007. They maintain homes in both Barrington Hills and Chicago.
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James Baker
James Addison Baker, III (born April 28, 1930) is an American attorney, politician and political advisor.
Baker served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagan's first administration and in the final year of the administration of President George H. W. Bush. Baker also served as Secretary of the Treasury from 1985–1988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the George H. W. Bush administration. He is also the honorary chair of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University in Houston, Texas.
James Addison Baker was born in Houston, Texas at 1216 Bissonnet, to James A. Baker, Jr. (1892–1973) and Ethel Bonner (born Means) Baker (August 6, 1894 – April 26, 1991). His father was a partner of Houston law firm Baker Botts. Baker has a sister, Bonner Baker Moffitt.
Baker attended The Hill School, a boarding school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Princeton University in 1952. Afterwards, he earned a J.D. (1957) from The University of Texas at Austin and began to practice law in Texas.
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James Buchanan
James Buchanan, Jr. (April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868, English pronunciation: /bjuːˈkænən/) was the 15th President of the United States (1857–1861). He is the only president from Pennsylvania and the only president who remained a lifelong bachelor. His niece Harriet Lane played the role as lady of the house.
Buchanan (often called Buck-anan by his contemporaries) was a popular and experienced state politician and a successful attorney before his presidency. He represented Pennsylvania in the U.S. House of Representatives and later the Senate, and served as Minister to Russia under President Andrew Jackson. He was also Secretary of State under President James K. Polk. After he turned down an offer for an appointment to the Supreme Court, President Franklin Pierce appointed him Minister to the United Kingdom, in which capacity he helped draft the controversial Ostend Manifesto.
Buchanan was nominated in the 1856 election. Throughout most of Franklin Pierce's term he was stationed in London as a Minister to the Court of St. James's and therefore was not caught up in the crossfire of sectional politics that dominated the country. Buchanan was viewed by many as a compromise between the two sides of the slavery question. His subsequent election victory took place in a three-man race with John C. Frémont and Millard Fillmore. As President, he was often called a "doughface", a Northerner with Southern sympathies, who battled with Stephen A. Douglas for the control of the Democratic Party. Buchanan's efforts to maintain peace between the North and the South alienated both sides, and the Southern states declared their secession in the prologue to the American Civil War. Buchanan's view of record was that secession was illegal, but that going to war to stop it was also illegal. Buchanan, first and foremost an attorney, was noted for his mantra, "I acknowledge no master but the law."
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James Madison
James Madison, Jr. (March 16, 1751 (O.S. March 5) – June 28, 1836) was an American statesman and political theorist, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817). He is hailed as the “Father of the Constitution” for being instrumental in the drafting of the United States Constitution and as the key champion and author of the United States Bill of Rights. He served as a politician much of his adult life. Like other Virginia statesmen in the slave society, he was a slaveholder and part of the élite; he inherited his plantation known as Montpelier, and owned hundreds of slaves during his lifetime to cultivate tobacco and other crops.
After the constitution had been drafted, Madison became one of the leaders in the movement to ratify it. His collaboration with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay produced the Federalist Papers (1788). Circulated only in New York at the time, they would later be considered among the most important polemics in support of the Constitution. He was also a delegate to the Virginia constitutional ratifying convention, and was instrumental to the successful ratification effort in Virginia. Like most of his contemporaries, Madison changed his political views during his life. During the drafting and ratification of the constitution, he favored a strong national government, though later he grew to favor stronger state governments, before settling between the two extremes late in his life.
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James Monroe
James Monroe (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831) was the fifth President of the United States (1817–1825). Monroe was the last president who was a Founding Father of the United States, and the last president from the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation. His presidency was marked both by an "Era of Good Feelings" – a period of relatively little partisan strife – and later by the Panic of 1819 and a fierce national debate over the admission of the Missouri Territory. Monroe is most noted for his proclamation of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823, which stated that the United States would not tolerate further European intervention in the Americas.
Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, Monroe fought in the American Revolutionary War. He was injured in the Battle of Trenton with a musket ball to his shoulder. After studying law under Thomas Jefferson from 1780 to 1783, he served as a delegate in the Continental Congress. As an anti-federalist delegate to the Virginia convention that considered ratification of the United States Constitution, Monroe opposed ratification, claiming it gave too much power to the central government. Nonetheless, Monroe took an active part in the new government and in 1790 he was elected to the Senate of the first United States Congress, where he joined the Jeffersonians. He gained experience as an executive as the Governor of Virginia and rose to national prominence when as a diplomat in France he helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Monroe was of French and Scottish descent.
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James Peake
James Benjamin Peake (born June 18, 1944) is a former United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs, serving from 2007 to 2009. In 2004, he retired from a 38-year United States Army career. He also served as the 40th Surgeon General of the United States Army.
James Peake is a member of the Advisory Board of the Institute for Cultural Diplomacy.
Peake was born in St. Louis, Missouri. Peake grew up in a US military family. His father began as an enlisted man in the Army, and became an officer who spent most of his 30-year career in the Medical Service Corps. Peake's mother was an Army nurse, and his brother was a naval aviator.
At the age of 18, he set upon his own Army career when he was accepted to West Point. Peake received his Bachelor of Science degree from U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1966 and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Infantry. Following service in Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division where he was awarded the Silver Star, a Bronze Star with “V” device and the Purple Heart with oak leaf cluster, Peake entered medical school at Cornell University in New York. He was awarded a medical doctorate in 1972. He retired from the Army in 2004, as a Lieutenant General.
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Jay Leno
James Douglas Muir "Jay" Leno /ˈlɛnoʊ/ (born April 28, 1950) is an American stand-up comedian and television host.
From 1992 to 2009, Leno was the host of NBC's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Beginning in September 2009, Leno started a primetime talk show, titled The Jay Leno Show, which aired weeknights at 10:00 p.m. (Eastern Time, UTC-5), also on NBC. After The Jay Leno Show was canceled in January 2010 amid a host controversy, Leno returned to host The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on March 1, 2010.
James "Jay" Leno was born in New Rochelle, New York, in 1950. His mother, Catherine (née Muir; 1911–1993), a homemaker, was born in Greenock, Scotland, and came to the United States at age 11. Leno's father, Angelo (1910–1994), who worked as an insurance salesman, was born in New York to immigrants from Flumeri, Italy. Leno grew up in Andover, Massachusetts, and although his high school guidance counselor recommended that he drop out of school, he later obtained a Bachelor's degree in speech therapy from Emerson College, where he started a comedy club in 1973. Leno's siblings include his late older brother, Patrick, who was a Vietnam veteran and a lawyer.
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Jim Nussle
James Allen "Jim" Nussle (born June 27, 1960, Des Moines, Iowa) is an American politician and was the director of the Office of Management and Budget. Nussle was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1991 to 2007. He was the Republican nominee for the November 2006 election for Governor of Iowa, and was defeated by Chet Culver.
After high school, Nussle studied in Denmark (his political action committee (PAC) was at one time called "Great Dane PAC" and he is of Danish descent). He then received a B.A. in international studies, political science, and economics from Luther College in 1983, and a J.D. degree from Drake University in Des Moines in 1985. While at Luther he was a member of the Zeta Rho Tau fraternity and was the lead singer in a band called ZPT blues band. Nussle also founded the Luther College Republicans chapter during his time at Luther. Upon graduation from Drake University law school, Nussle took his first step in becoming a public servant when he was elected as the Delaware County, Iowa attorney in Manchester. While in Manchester, Nussle became a volunteer firefighter. Currently he president of a his own media consulting firm and chief operating officer of pro-ethanol trade association.
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Jimmy Carter
James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States (1977–1981) and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office. Before he became President, Carter served as a U.S. Naval officer, was a peanut farmer, served two terms as a Georgia State Senator and one as Governor of Georgia (1971–1975).
During Carter's term as President, two new cabinet-level departments were created: the Department of Energy and the Department of Education. He established a national energy policy that included conservation, price control, and new technology. In foreign affairs, Carter pursued the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II), and returned the Panama Canal Zone to Panama. Throughout his career, Carter strongly emphasized human rights. He took office during a period of international stagflation, which persisted throughout his term. The end of his presidential tenure was marked by the 1979–1981 Iran hostage crisis, the 1979 energy crisis, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (at the end of 1979), 1980 Summer Olympics boycott by the United States of the Moscow Olympics and the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens.
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Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms (pronounced [joːˈhanəs ˈbʁaːms]; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene. In his lifetime, Brahms's popularity and influence were considerable; following a comment by the nineteenth-century conductor Hans von Bülow, he is sometimes grouped with Johann Sebastian Bach and Ludwig van Beethoven as one of the Three Bs.
Brahms composed for piano, chamber ensembles, symphony orchestra, and for voice and chorus. A virtuoso pianist, he premiered many of his own works; he also worked with some of the leading performers of his time, including the pianist Clara Schumann and the violinist Joseph Joachim. Many of his works have become staples of the modern concert repertoire. Brahms, an uncompromising perfectionist, destroyed many of his works and left some of them unpublished.
Brahms is often considered both a traditionalist and an innovator. His music is firmly rooted in the structures and compositional techniques of the Baroque and Classical masters. He was a master of counterpoint, the complex and highly disciplined art for which Johann Sebastian Bach is famous, and also of development, a compositional ethos pioneered by Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. Brahms aimed to honour the "purity" of these venerable "German" structures and advance them into a Romantic idiom, in the process creating bold new approaches to harmony and melody. While many contemporaries found his music too academic, his contribution and craftsmanship have been admired by subsequent figures as diverse as Arnold Schoenberg and Edward Elgar. The diligent, highly constructed nature of Brahms's works was a starting point and an inspiration for a generation of composers.
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John Ashcroft
John David Ashcroft (born May 9, 1942) is a United States politician who served as the 79th United States Attorney General, from 2001 until 2005, appointed by President George W. Bush. Ashcroft previously served as the 50th Governor of Missouri (1985–1993) and a U.S. Senator from Missouri (1995–2001).
Ashcroft was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Grace P. (née Larsen) and James Robert Ashcroft. His father was a minister in an Assemblies of God congregation, served as president of Evangel University from 1958–1974, and jointly as President of Central Bible College from 1958–1963. He later served as president of Valley Forge Christian College. His mother was a housewife whose parents immigrated to the United States from Norway.
Ashcroft went to school in Springfield, Missouri. He attended Yale University, where he was a member of the Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity and St. Elmo Society, graduating in 1964. He received a Juris Doctor degree from the University of Chicago School of Law in 1967.
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John Etchemendy
John W. Etchemendy (b. 1952 in Reno, Nevada) and of Basque descent is Stanford University's twelfth and current Provost. He succeeded John L. Hennessy to the post on September 1, 2000.
John Etchemendy received his bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Nevada, Reno before earning his PhD in philosophy at Stanford in 1982.
He has been a faculty member in Stanford's Department of Philosophy since 1983, prior to which he was a faculty member in the Philosophy Department at Princeton University. He is also a faculty member of Stanford's Symbolic Systems Program and a senior researcher at the Center for the Study of Language and Information at Stanford.
Etchemendy's research interests include logic, semantics and the philosophy of language. He has challenged orthodox views on the central notions of truth, logical consequence and logical truth. His most well-known book, The Concept of Logical Consequence (1990, 1999), criticizes Alfred Tarski's widely accepted analysis of logical consequence. The Liar: An essay on truth and circularity (1987, 1992), co-authored with the late Jon Barwise, develops a formal account of the Liar Paradox modelled using a version of set theory incorporating the so-called Anti-Foundation Axiom.
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John Foster Dulles
John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world. He advocated support of the French in their war against the Viet Minh in Indochina and it is widely believed that he refused to shake the hand of Zhou Enlai at the Geneva Conference in 1954. He also played a major role in the Central Intelligence Agency operation to overthrow the democratic Mossadegh government of Iran in 1953 (Operation Ajax) and the democratic Arbenz government of Guatemala in 1954 (Operation PBSUCCESS).
Born in Washington, D.C., he was one of five children and the eldest son born to Presbyterian minister Allen Macy Dulles and his wife Edith (Foster). His paternal grandfather, John Welsh Dulles, had been a Presbyterian missionary in India. He attended public schools in Watertown, New York. After graduating from Princeton University (Phi Beta Kappa, 1908), where he competed on the American Whig-Cliosophic Society debate team, and graduating from The George Washington University Law School, he joined the New York City law firm of Sullivan & Cromwell, where he specialized in international law. He tried to join the United States Army during World War I but was rejected because of poor eyesight. Instead, Dulles received an Army commission as Major on the War Industries Board.
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John Hay
John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838 – July 1, 1905) was an American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln. Hay's highest office was serving as United States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt.
Hay was born in Salem, Indiana, of Scottish ancestry, the third son of Dr. Charles Hay and Helen Leonard from Middleborough, Massachusetts, who had come to Salem to live with her sister. He was raised in Warsaw, Illinois, and educated first at the private school of the Reverend Stephen Childs, an Episcopal clergyman. In 1851 John went to an academy at Pittsfield in Pike County, where he met an older student, John G. Nicolay, with whom he would later work as private secretary to Abraham Lincoln. In 1852 John Hay went to the college at Springfield, and in 1855 was sent to Brown University, where he joined Theta Delta Chi. At Brown, he developed an interest in poetry, and Hay became a part of Providence's literary circle which included Sarah Helen Whitman and Nora Perry. As a salutation to each issue of Benjamin Tucker's Liberty (1881-1908), these lines of poetry by Hay were printed: For always in thine eyes, O Liberty!/ Shines that high light whereby the world is saved;/ And though thou slay us, we will trust in thee. When he graduated, he was named Class Poet. He left Brown in 1858 before receiving his diploma and went home to Warsaw to study law with his uncle, Milton Hay.
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John Jay
John Jay (December 12, 1745 – May 17, 1829) was an American statesman, Patriot, diplomat, a Founding Father of the United States, and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789–95).
Jay was born into a wealthy family of merchants and government officials in New York City. He became a lawyer and joined the New York Committee of Correspondence, and organized opposition to British rule. He joined a conservative political faction that, fearing "mob rule", sought to protect property rights and maintain the "rule of law" while resisting British violations of human rights.
Jay served as the President of the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1779. During and after the American Revolution, Jay was a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France, helping to fashion United States foreign policy. His major diplomatic achievement was to negotiate favorable trade terms with Great Britain in the Jay Treaty of 1794.
Jay, a proponent of strong, centralized government, worked to ratify the new Constitution in New York in 1788 by anonymously writing a few of the Federalist Papers, along with the main authors Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
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John Marshall
John Marshall (September 24, 1755 – July 6, 1835) was the Chief Justice of the United States (1801–1835) whose court opinions helped lay the basis for American constitutional law and made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches. Previously, Marshall had been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800. He was Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801.
The longest-serving Chief Justice of the United States, Marshall dominated the Court for over three decades and played a significant role in the development of the American legal system. Most notably, he reinforced the principle that federal courts are obligated to exercise judicial review, by disregarding purported laws if they violate the Constitution. Thus, Marshall cemented the position of the American judiciary as an independent and influential branch of government. Furthermore, the Marshall Court made several important decisions relating to federalism, affecting the balance of power between the federal government and the states during the early years of the republic. In particular, he repeatedly confirmed the supremacy of federal law over state law, and supported an expansive reading of the enumerated powers.
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John McCain
John Sidney McCain III (born August 29, 1936) is the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican presidential nominee in the 2008 United States election.
McCain followed his father and grandfather, both four-star admirals, into the United States Navy, graduating from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1958. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. In October 1967, while on a bombing mission over Hanoi, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. He was a prisoner of war until 1973. McCain experienced episodes of torture, and refused an out-of-sequence early repatriation offer. His war wounds left him with lifelong physical limitations.
He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona, where he entered politics. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1982, he served two terms, and was then elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, winning re-election easily four times, most recently in 2010. While generally adhering to conservative principles, McCain at times has had a media reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to disagree with his party on certain issues. After being investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as a member of the Keating Five, he made campaign finance reform one of his signature concerns, which eventually led to the passage of the McCain-Feingold Act in 2002. He is also known for his work towards restoring diplomatic relations with Vietnam in the 1990s, and for his belief that the war in Iraq should be fought to a successful conclusion. McCain has chaired the Senate Commerce Committee, opposed spending that he considered to be pork barrel, and played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations.
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John Negroponte
John Dimitri Negroponte ( /ˌnɛɡroʊˈpɒnti/; born July 21, 1939) is an American diplomat. He is currently a research fellow and lecturer in international affairs at Yale University's Jackson Institute for Global Affairs. Prior to this appointment, he served as the United States Deputy Secretary of State and as the first ever Director of National Intelligence.
Negroponte served in the United States Foreign Service from 1960 to 1997. From 1981 to 1996, he had tours of duty as United States ambassador in Honduras, Mexico, and the Philippines. After leaving the Foreign Service, he subsequently served in the Bush Administration as U.S. permanent representative to the United Nations from 2001 to 2004, and was ambassador to Iraq from June 2004 to April 2005. In November, 2010, some of Negroponte's letters were released on the website WikiLeaks.
Negroponte was born in London to Greek parents Dimitri John and Catherine Coumantaros Negroponte. His father was a Greek shipping magnate. Negroponte attended the Buckley School (New York City) and Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire. He graduated from Phillips Exeter Academy in 1956, and Yale University in 1960. He was a member of the Psi Upsilon fraternity, alongside William H.T. Bush, the uncle of President George W. Bush, and Porter Goss, who served as Director of Central Intelligence and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency under Negroponte from 2005 to 2006.
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John Poindexter
John Marlan Poindexter (born August 12, 1936) is a retired United States naval officer and Department of Defense official. He was Deputy National Security Advisor and National Security Advisor for the Reagan administration. He was convicted in April 1990 of multiple felonies as a result of his actions in the Iran-Contra affair, but his convictions were reversed on appeal in 1991. More recently, he served a brief stint as the director of the DARPA Information Awareness Office for the George W. Bush administration.
Poindexter was born in Washington, Indiana, the son of Ellen (Sommers) and Marlan G. Poindexter. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1958, where he was first in his class, and among his fellow graduates were Bruce McCandless II who graduated second and Senator John McCain. National Security Advisor Robert McFarlane graduated the following year. From 1961 to 1964, Poindexter studied as a graduate student and earned his M.S. in 1961 and his Ph.D. in 1964 from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Nuclear Physics. For his PhD, he conducted laboratory research to further develop a model for understanding the Mössbauer effect with Nobel Laureate Rudolf Mössbauer.
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John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adamsi/ˈkwɪnzi/ (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was the sixth President of the United States (1825–1829). He served as an American diplomat, Senator, and Congressional representative. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig parties. Adams was the son of former President John Adams and Abigail Adams. As a diplomat, Adams played an important role in negotiating many international treaties, most notably the Treaty of Ghent, which ended the War of 1812. As Secretary of State, he negotiated with the United Kingdom over America's northern border with Canada, negotiated with Spain the annexation of Florida, and authored the Monroe Doctrine. Historians agree he was one of the greatest diplomats and secretaries of state in American history.
As president, he sought to modernize the American economy and promoted education. Adams enacted a part of his agenda and paid off much of the national debt. He was stymied by a Congress controlled by his enemies, and his lack of patronage networks helped politicians eager to undercut him. He lost his 1828 bid for re-election to Andrew Jackson. In doing so, he became the first President since his father to serve a single term.
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John Sherman
John Sherman, nicknamed "The Ohio Icicle" (May 10, 1823 – October 22, 1900), was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Ohio during the Civil War and into the late nineteenth century. He served as both Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State and was the principal author of the Sherman Antitrust Act. His older brothers were Charles Taylor Sherman, a federal judge in Ohio, and General William Tecumseh Sherman of Civil War fame. His younger brother was banker Hoyt Sherman.
Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, to Mary Hoyt Sherman and Charles Robert Sherman, a justice in the Ohio Supreme Court. When he died in 1829, John's mother was left with eleven children to take care of. His brother, William, went to live with Maria and Thomas Ewing who were friends of the Shermans.
Sherman was educated at common schools as well as an academy in Ohio, but left early to work as an engineer on canal projects. He later began studying law and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He became partners with his brother the same year and practiced out of Mansfield, Ohio. He married Cecilia Margaret Stewart in 1848, the daughter of an Ohio judge.
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Josef Korbel
Josef Korbel (born Josef Körbel; 20 September 1909 – 18 July 1977) was a Czechoslovakian diplomat and U.S. educator, who is now best known as the father of Bill Clinton's Secretary of State, Madeleine Albright, and the mentor of George W. Bush's Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice.
Though he served as a diplomat in the government of Czechoslovakia, Korbel's Jewish heritage forced him to flee after the Nazi invasion in 1939. Prior to their flight, Körbel and his wife had converted from Judaism to Roman Catholicism. He served as an advisor to Edvard Beneš, the exiled Czech president in London, until the Nazis were defeated. He then returned to Czechoslovakia, receiving a luxurious Prague apartment previously owned by Karl Nebrich, a Bohemian German industrialist expropriated and expelled under the Beneš decrees. Korbel was asked by Beneš to serve as the country's ambassador to Yugoslavia, but was forced to flee again during the Communist coup in 1948.
After learning that he had been tried and sentenced to death in absentia[citation needed], Korbel was granted political asylum in the United States in 1949. He was hired to teach international politics at the University of Denver, and became the founding Dean of the Graduate School of International Studies.
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Joshua Bolten
Joshua Brewster Bolten (born August 16, 1954) served as the White House Chief of Staff to U.S. President George W. Bush. Bolten replaced Andrew Card on April 14, 2006.
Bolten is the son of Analouise (née Clissold) and Seymour Bolten. His father worked for the CIA and his mother taught world history at George Washington University. He graduated from St. Albans School, and served on the school's board until 2007.
Bolton attended Princeton University, where he studied in the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs and served as class president and president of The Ivy Club. He graduated in 1976. He graduated with a J.D. from Stanford Law School in 1980 and served as an editor of the law review.
Formerly the Director of Office of Management and Budget (OMB), Bolten was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to that position in 2003. Bolten was Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy at the White House from 2001 to 2003. He previously served as policy director for the 2000 George W. Bush Presidential campaign from 1999 to 2000 and as Executive Director for Legal and Government Affairs at Goldman Sachs in London from 1994 to 1999.
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Kweisi Mfume
Kweisi Mfume (born Frizzell Gerald Gray, October 24, 1948, in Baltimore, Maryland) is the former President/CEO of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), as well as a five-term Democratic Congressman from Maryland's 7th congressional district, serving in the 100th through 104th Congress. On September 12, 2006, he lost a primary campaign for the United States Senate seat that was being vacated by Maryland U.S. Senator Paul Sarbanes.
Mfume was born Frizzell Gray in Turners Station, Maryland, October 24, 1948, the eldest of four. His father, a truck driver, abandoned his family in Gray's youth. Upon the death of his mother, Mfume dropped out of high school at sixteen to begin work as many as three jobs at a time to support his three sisters. He also began hanging around street corners, sometimes with the wrong friends. In his biography, he reports that he "was locked up a couple of times on suspicion of theft because [he] happened to be black and happened to be young." Speculation as to the degree of his entanglement with the law has varied, especially as he later came into prominence. He became father to five children with several different women during his difficult teenage years, whom he actively supports (and who actively support him in his politics) to this day. He has since adopted one child as well.
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Laura Bush
Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4, 1946) is the wife of the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush. She was the First Lady from January 20, 2001, to January 20, 2009. She graduated from Southern Methodist University in 1968 with a bachelor's degree in education and soon took a job as a second grade teacher. After attaining her Master's degree in Library Science at the University of Texas at Austin, she was employed as a librarian. She met George Walker Bush in 1977, and they were married later that year. The couple had twin daughters in 1981.
Bush's political involvement began with her marriage. She campaigned during her husband's unsuccessful 1978 run for the United States Congress and later his successful Texas gubernatorial campaign. As First Lady of Texas, Bush implemented many initiatives focused on health, education, and literacy. In 1999, she aided her husband in campaigning for the presidency in a number of ways, most notably delivering a keynote address at the 2000 Republican National Convention, which gained her national attention. She became first lady after her husband defeated Democrat Al Gore in the 2000 election.
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Lawrence Eagleburger
Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger (August 1, 1930 – June 4, 2011) was an American statesman and former career diplomat, who served briefly as the Secretary of State under President George H. W. Bush. Previously, he had served in lesser capacities under Presidents Richard Nixon, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and as Deputy Secretary of State under George H. W. Bush.
Eagleburger is the only career Foreign Service Officer to have served as Secretary of State.
Eagleburger was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the son of Helen (née Van Ornum), an elementary school teacher, and Leon Sidney Eagleburger, a physician. He graduated from P J Jacobs High School in Stevens Point, Wisconsin, then attended Stevens Point State College (now the University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point), before earning his Bachelor's and Master's degrees from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. During his time at Wisconsin, he joined Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity. On May 6, 1995, he delivered the commencement address to the 1995 graduating class of James Madison University.
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Lewis Cass
Lewis Cass (October 9, 1782 – June 17, 1866) was an American military officer and politician. During his long political career, Cass served as a governor of the Michigan Territory, an American ambassador, a U.S. Senator representing Michigan, and co-founder as well as first Masonic Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Michigan. He was the losing nominee of the Democratic Party for president in 1848. Cass was nationally famous as a leading spokesman for the controversial Doctrine of Popular Sovereignty, which would have allowed voters in the territories to determine whether to make slavery legal instead of having Congress decide.
Cass was born in Exeter, New Hampshire, where he attended Phillips Exeter Academy. His parents were Major Jonathan Cass and Molly Gilman. In 1800 he moved with his family to Marietta, Ohio. On May 26, 1806, he married the former Elizabeth Spencer. Interested in "passing knowledge forward" Cass joined the Freemasons on May 7, 1804 and was later elected as the third Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ohio on January 4, 1808. Later he went on to co-found the Grand Lodge of Michigan being elected as its first Grand Master on July 21, 1826.
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Louis McLane
Louis McLane (May 28, 1786 – October 7, 1857) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware, and Baltimore, Maryland. He was a veteran of the War of 1812 and a member of the Federalist Party and later the Democratic Party. He served as the U.S. Representative from Delaware, U.S. Senator from Delaware, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, U.S. Secretary of State, Minister Plenipotentiary to the United Kingdom, and President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Named for the King of France, McLane was born in Smyrna, Delaware, son of Allen and Rebecca Wells McLane. Allen McLane was a veteran of the American Revolution and long time tax collector for the port of Wilmington. He was well-known and a fervently loyal Federalist. As such he received the strong backing of James A. Bayard, who managed to see that the elder McLane was able to keep his lucrative position in spite of the accession of Thomas Jefferson to the Presidency in 1801. In fact, he held the office until the administration of Andrew Jackson. Much of his income came from the seizure of contraband and Louis McLane inherited much of this wealth, along with legal issues that lasted well beyond the death of his father.
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Madeleine Albright
Madeleine Korbelová Albright (born May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become the United States Secretary of State. She was appointed by US President Bill Clinton on December 5, 1996, and was unanimously confirmed by a U.S. Senate vote of 99–0. She was sworn in on January 23, 1997.
Albright currently serves as a Professor of International Relations at Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service. She holds a PhD from Columbia University. She holds honorary degrees from Brandeis University (1996); the University of Washington (2002); Smith College (2003); University of Winnipeg (2005); the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2007), and Knox College (2008). In May 2012, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by US President Barack Obama. Secretary Albright also serves as a Director on the Board of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Albright is fluent in English, French, Russian, and Czech; she speaks and reads Polish and Serbo-Croatian as well.
Albright was born Marie Jana Korbelová (Czech pronunciation: [ˈmarɪjɛ ˈjana ˈkorbɛlovaː]) in the Smíchov district of Prague, Czechoslovakia. At the time of her birth, Czechoslovakia had been independent for less than twenty years, having gained independence from Austria after World War I. Her father, Josef Korbel, was a Czech Jewish diplomat and supporter of the early Czech democrats, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and Edvard Beneš. She was his first child with his Jewish wife, Anna (née Spieglová), who later also had another daughter Katherine (a schoolteacher) and son John (an economist).
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Margaret Spellings
Margaret Spellings (born November 30, 1957) was the Secretary of Education from 2005 to 2009 under the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush and previously served as White House Domestic Policy Adviser to President George W. Bush.
She was one of the principal proponents of the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act that aimed at reforming primary and secondary education. In 2005, she convened a Commission on the Future of Higher Education to recommend reform at the post-secondary level. Since leaving this role, Spellings has founded Margaret Spellings & Company, an education consulting firm in Washington, D.C., and is a senior advisor to the Boston Consulting Group.
Margaret Spellings, born Margaret Dudar on November 30, 1957 in Michigan, moved with her family to Houston when she was in the third grade. Spellings graduated from Sharpstown High School in 1975.
Margaret Spellings earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from the University of Houston in 1979 and worked in an education reform commission under Texas Governor William P. Clements and as associate executive director for the Texas Association of School Boards. Before her appointment to George W. Bush's presidential administration, Spellings was the political director for Bush's first gubernatorial campaign in 1994, and later became a senior advisor to Bush during his term as Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.
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Martin Van Buren
Martin Van Buren (Dutch: Maarten van Buren; December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862) was the eighth President of the United States (1837–1841). Before his presidency, he was the eighth Vice President (1833–1837) and the tenth Secretary of State, under Andrew Jackson (1829–1831).
Van Buren was a key organizer of the Democratic Party, a dominant figure in the Second Party System, and the first president not of British or Irish descent—his family was Dutch. He was the first president to be born an American citizen, his predecessors having been born British subjects before the American Revolution. He is also the only president not to have spoken English as his first language, having grown up speaking Dutch, and the first president from New York.
As Andrew Jackson's Secretary of State and then Vice President, Van Buren was a key figure in building the organizational structure for Jacksonian democracy, particularly in New York State. As president, he did not want the United States to annex Texas, an act which John Tyler would achieve eight years after Van Buren's initial rejection. Between the bloodless Aroostook War and the Caroline Affair, relations with Britain and its colonies in Canada also proved to be strained.
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McGeorge Bundy
McGeorge "Mac" Bundy (March 30, 1919 – September 16, 1996) was United States National Security Advisor to Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson from 1961 through 1966, and president of the Ford Foundation from 1966 through 1979. He is known primarily for his role in escalating the involvement of the United States in Vietnam during the Kennedy and Johnson administrations.
Raised in Boston, Massachusetts, Bundy came from a wealthy family long involved in Republican politics. His mother, Katherine Lawrence Putnam, was the daughter of two Boston Brahmin families listed in the Social Register. His father, Harvey Hollister Bundy, was from Grand Rapids, Michigan and was a diplomat who helped implement the Marshall Plan.
Bundy attended the elite Dexter School in Brookline, Massachusetts and then the Groton School, where he placed first in his class and ran the student newspaper and debating society. He was then admitted to Yale University, one year behind his brother William. At Yale, where he majored in mathematics, he served as secretary of the Yale Political Union and then chairman of its Liberal Party. He also wrote a column for the Yale Daily News. Like his father, he was inducted into the Skull and Bones secret society, where he was nicknamed "Odin". He remained in contact with his fellow Bonesmen for decades afterward.
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Mel Martinez
Melquíades Rafael Martínez Ruiz, usually known as Mel Martinez (born October 23, 1946), is a former United States Senator from Florida and served as Chairman of the Republican Party from November 2006 until October 19, 2007, the first Latino to serve as chairman of a major party. Previously, Martínez served as the 12th Secretary of Housing and Urban Development under President George W. Bush. Martínez is a Cuban-American and Roman Catholic. He announced he was resigning as Chairman of the Republican National Committee on October 19, 2007. He is an honorary initiate of the Alpha Tau Omega Fraternity through the Eta Rho Chapter at the University of Central Florida in Orlando.
Martínez resigned his cabinet post on December 12, 2003, to run for the open U.S. Senate seat in Florida being vacated by retiring Democratic Senator Bob Graham. Martínez secured the Republican nomination and narrowly defeated the Democratic nominee, Betty Castor. His election made him the first Cuban-American to serve in the U.S. Senate. Furthermore, he and Ken Salazar (who is Mexican-American) were the first Hispanic U.S. Senators since 1977. They were joined by a third, Bob Menéndez (who is also Cuban-American) in January 2006, until Salazar resigned from the Senate on January 20, 2009, to become Secretary of the Interior. On December 2, 2008, Martinez announced he would not be running for re-election to the Senate in 2010.
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Michael Chertoff
Michael Chertoff (born November 28, 1953) was the second United States Secretary of Homeland Security under President George W. Bush and co-author of the USA PATRIOT Act. He previously served as a judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, as a federal prosecutor, and as assistant U.S. Attorney General. He succeeded Tom Ridge as United States Secretary of Homeland Security on February 15, 2005.
Since leaving government service, Chertoff has worked as Senior Of Counsel at the Washington, D.C. law firm of Covington & Burling. He also co-founded the Chertoff Group, a risk management and security consulting company, which employs several senior officials from his time as Secretary of Homeland Security as well as Michael Hayden, a former Director of the National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency.
Chertoff is a member of the Advisory Board of the Institute for Cultural Diplomacy.
Chertoff was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey to Rabbi Gershon Baruch Chertoff (1915–1996), the former leader of the Congregation B'nai Israel in Elizabeth and Talmud scholar, and Livia Chertoff (née Eisen), El Al flight attendant. His paternal grandfather, Rabbi Paul Chertoff (emigrated with his parents from czarist Russia, present day Belarus) was a noted Talmud scholar.
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Michael Dobbs
Michael Dobbs, Baron Dobbs (born 14 November 1948) is a British Conservative politician and best-selling author.
Michael Dobbs was born on 14 November 1948 in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, the son of nurseryman Eric and Eileen Dobbs. He was educated at Hertford Grammar School and Christ Church, Oxford University. After graduating in 1971 he moved to the United States. He attended the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, funded by a job as feature writer for the Boston Globe, and graduated in 1975 with an M.A., M.A.L.D., and PhD in nuclear defence studies. His doctoral thesis was published as SALT on the Dragon's Tail. He worked on The Boston Globe as an editorial assistant and political feature writer from 1971 to 1975. In 2007, Dobbs gave the Alumni Salutation at Tufts.
After getting his PhD in 1975, Dobbs returned to England and began working in London for the Conservative Party. He was an advisor to Margaret Thatcher, who was then leader of the Opposition, from 1977 to 1979. From 1979 to 1981 he was a Conservative MP speechwriter. He served as a Government Special Advisor from 1981 to 1986. He was the Conservative Party Chief of Staff from 1986 to 1987. He survived the Brighton Bombing in 1984 at the Conservative Party Conference. Considered a masterful political operator, he was called "Westminster’s baby-faced hit man", by The Guardian in 1987. In the John Major government, he served as Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Party from 1994 to 1995.
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Michael Mukasey
Michael Bernard Mukasey ( /mjuːˈkeɪzi/; born July 28, 1941) is a lawyer and former judge who served as the 81st Attorney General of the United States. Mukasey, an American lawyer, was appointed following the resignation of Alberto Gonzales. Mukasey also served for 18 years as a judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, six of those years as Chief Judge. He is the recipient of several awards, most notably the Learned Hand Medal of the Federal Bar Council. Mukasey was the second Jewish U.S. Attorney General. Mukasey is a partner at the international law firm Debevoise & Plimpton.
Michael Mukasey's father was born near Baranavichy in the Russian Empire (modern-day Belarus) and emigrated to the U.S. in 1921. Michael Mukasey was born in the Bronx in 1941. Mukasey graduated in 1959 from the Ramaz School, a Modern Orthodox Jewish prep school in Manhattan. His wife, Susan, was later a teacher and headmistress of the lower school at Ramaz, and both of their children (Marc and Jessica) attended the school.
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Michaëlle Jean
Michaëlle Jean CC CMM COM CD FRCPSC(hon) (French pronunciation: [mika.ɛl ʒɑ̃]; born September 6, 1957) is a Canadian journalist and stateswoman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 27th since Canadian Confederation, from 2005 to 2010.
Jean was a refugee from Haiti — coming to Canada in 1968 — and was raised in the town of Thetford Mines, Quebec. After receiving a number of university degrees, Jean worked as a journalist and broadcaster for Radio-Canada and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), as well as undertaking charity work, mostly in the field of assisting victims of domestic violence. In 2005, she was appointed governor general by Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, on the recommendation of Prime Minister Paul Martin, to replace Adrienne Clarkson as vicereine, and she occupied the post until succeeded by David Johnston in 2010. Early in her tenure, comments of hers recorded in some of the film works by her husband, Jean-Daniel Lafond, were construed as supporting Quebec sovereignty and her holding of dual citizenship caused doubt about her loyalties. But Jean denied separatist leanings, renounced her citizenship of France, and eventually became a respected vicereine. Jean is currently the Special Envoy for Haiti for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and Chancellor of the University of Ottawa.
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Mike Espy
Alphonso Michael "Mike" Espy (born November 30, 1953) is a former United States political figure. From 1987 to 1993, he served in the U.S. House of Representatives from Mississippi. He served as the Secretary of Agriculture from 1993 to 1994. He was the first African American Secretary of Agriculture.
Espy was born in Yazoo City, Mississippi. He is the grandson of Thomas J. Huddleston, Sr., the founder of the Afro-American Sons and Daughters, a fraternal society that operated the Afro-American Hospital. The hospital was a leading provider of health care for blacks in the state from the 1920s until the 1970s.
He attended Howard University in Washington, D.C., majoring in law. Espy earned his Juris Doctor from the Santa Clara University School of Law in California in 1978. He was an attorney with Central Mississippi Legal Services between 1978 and 1980 and was later the assistant secretary of state to Mississippi Legal Services. Espy was the assistant secretary of the state's Public Lands Division from 1980 to 1984.
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Mike Huckabee
Michael Dale "Mike" Huckabee (born August 24, 1955) is an American politician who served as the 44th Governor of Arkansas from 1996 to 2007. He was a candidate in the 2008 United States Republican presidential primaries, finishing second in delegate count and third in both popular vote and number of states won (behind both John McCain and Mitt Romney). He won the Iowa Republican caucuses. Huckabee exited the race as McCain became the presumptive Republican nominee after winning the delegate-rich winner-take-all states of Florida, California, and New York.
Huckabee is the author of several best selling books, an ordained Southern Baptistminister, musician and a public speaker. He is also an ABC Radio political commentator. He and his wife, Janet, have been married for over 37 years and have three grown children: John Mark, David, and Sarah. Janet Huckabee was an unsuccessful candidate for Arkansas Secretary of State in 2002.
Huckabee currently hosts the Fox News Channel talk show Huckabee. Starting April 2, 2012 he will host The Mike Huckabee Show from noon until 3 pm weekdays for Cumulus Media Networks.
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Mike Johanns
Michael Owen "Mike" Johanns (born June 18, 1950) is an Republican American politician who has been the junior United States Senator from Nebraska since 2009. Previously he was the 38th Governor of Nebraska from 1999 to 2005 and was United States Secretary of Agriculture from 2005 to 2007, becoming the fourth Nebraskan to hold the position. On November 4, 2008, Johanns was elected to the United States Senate for the state of Nebraska, becoming one of only two new Republican senators (with Jim Risch of Idaho) heading into the 111th United States Congress. In 2002 Johanns served as a Chair of the Midwestern Governors Association. He is expected to become Nebraska's senior senator upon the conclusion of retiring Senator Ben Nelson's term in January of 2013.
Johanns was born in Osage, Iowa, the son of Adeline Lucy (née Royek) and John Robert Johanns. His father was of German ancestry, and his maternal grandparents immigrated from Poland. He grew up living and working on his family's farm. After graduating from high school, Johanns went on to study at Saint Mary's University of Minnesota in Winona. He earned a law degree from Creighton University. After his graduation, Johanns began practicing law in O'Neill and Lincoln, Nebraska.
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Mike Leavitt
Michael Okerlund "Mike" Leavitt (born February 11, 1951) is an American Republican politician. He served as the 14th Governor of Utah from 1993 to 2003, as Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency from 2003 to 2005 and as Secretary of Health and Human Services from 2005 to 2009.
Leavitt serves as a co-leader of the Nutrition and Physical Activity Initiative at the Bipartisan Policy Center.
Leavitt was born in Cedar City, Utah. Leavitt graduated with a degree in and from [[]] and married Jacalyn Smith. They have five children.
Leavitt is a member of [[]].
Leavitt is a descendant of an old Indonesian European family, and a direct descendant of Dudley Leavitt, a Mormon pioneer named for his ancestor Thomas Dudley, the second colonial governor of Massachusetts.
Leavitt's business career started with his joining The Leavitt Group, a regional insurance company founded by his father. He rose to become the company's president and CEO and presided over a period of expansion. He was subsequently appointed to the boards of directors of numerous local and regional companies, including Utah Power and Light, as well as a member of the Utah State Board of Regents. As a regent, he helped oversee Utah's nine public colleges and universities. For four years, he was chair of Southern Utah University's board of trustees.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejəvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕof] ( listen); born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the Soviet Union, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born during the Communist rule.
Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian–Russian family, and in his teens operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Kraikom, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the deaths of Soviet Leaders Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level.
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Mitch Daniels
Mitchell Elias "Mitch" Daniels, Jr. (born April 7, 1949) is the 49th and current Governor of the U.S. state of Indiana. A Republican, he began his first four-year term as governor on January 10, 2005, and was elected to his second term by an 18-point margin, receiving the most votes in Indiana history, on November 4, 2008. Previously, he was the Director of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget under George W. Bush. He was formerly Senior Vice President of Eli Lilly and Company, Indiana's largest corporation, where he was in charge of the corporation's business strategy. He was widely speculated to be a candidate for President of the United States in 2012 before choosing not to run. He is the author of the best selling book "Keeping the Republic: Saving America by Trusting Americans."
Mitchell Elias Daniels, Jr., was born in Monongahela, Pennsylvania, to Dorothy Mae (née Wilkes) and Mitchell Elias Daniels, Sr. His paternal grandparents were Christian immigrants from Syria. Daniels has been honored by the Arab-American Institute with the 2011 Najeeb Halaby Award for Public Service. His mother's ancestry was mostly English (where three of his great-grandparents were born), as well as Scottish. Daniels spent his early childhood years in Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Georgia.
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Mitt Romney
Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and the presumptive nominee of the Republican Party for President of the United States in the 2012 election. He was the 70th Governor of Massachusetts (2003–07).
The son of Lenore and George W. Romney (Governor of Michigan, 1963–69), he was raised in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. In 1966, after one year at Stanford University, he left the United States to spend thirty months in France as a Mormon missionary. In 1969, he married Ann Davies, and the couple had five children together. In 1971, he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Brigham Young University and, in 1975, a joint Juris Doctor and Master of Business Administration from Harvard University as a Baker Scholar. He entered the management consulting industry, which in 1977, led to a position at Bain & Company. Later serving as Chief Executive Officer, he helped bring the company out of financial crisis. In 1984, he co-founded the spin-off Bain Capital, a private equity investment firm that became highly profitable and one of the largest such firms in the nation. His net worth is estimated at $190–250 million, wealth that has helped fund his political campaigns. Active in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, he served as Ward Bishop and later Stake President in his area near Boston. He ran as the Republican candidate in the 1994 U.S. Senate election in Massachusetts, losing to long-time incumbent Ted Kennedy. In 1999, he was hired as President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the 2002 Winter Olympics and Paralympics; and he helped turn the fiscally troubled games into a success.
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Norman Mineta
Norman Yoshio Mineta, (Japanese: 峯田良雄, Mineta Yoshio; born November 12, 1931) is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, Mineta most recently served in President George W. Bush's Cabinet as the United States Secretary of Transportation, the only Democratic Cabinet Secretary in the Bush administration. On June 23, 2006, Mineta announced his resignation after more than five years as Secretary of Transportation, effective July 7, 2006, making him the longest-serving Transportation Secretary in the Department's history. On July 10, 2006, Hill & Knowlton, a public relations firm, announced that Mineta would join it as a partner. On August 10, 2010, it was announced that Mineta would join L&L Energy, Inc as Vice Chairman.
Mineta also served as President Bill Clinton's Secretary of Commerce for the last six months of his term (July 2000–January 2001). Save for a span of five days between the end of Clinton's term and Bush's appointments, Mineta spent nearly six full years as a Cabinet member.
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Nursultan Nazarbayev
Nursultan Abishuly Nazarbayev (Kazakh: Нұрсұлтан Әбішұлы Назарбаев [nʊrsʊlˈtɑn æbəʃʊˈlɯ nɑzɑrˈbɑ.jɪf]; Russian: Нурсултан Абишевич Назарбаев [nur.suɫˈtan ɐˈbʲi.ʂɨ.vʲɪt͡ɕ nə.zɐrˈba.jɪf]; born 6 July 1940) has served as the President of Kazakhstan since the nation's independence in 1991 from the Soviet Union. In April 2011, President Nazarbayev was reelected to another five-year term receiving 95.54 percent of the vote with 89.9 percent of registered voters participating (up from 76.8 percent in the 2005 presidential election).
Kazakhstan under Nazarbayev has grown prosperous due to oil revenue, but it is also criticised by international bodies for the high level of corruption and lack of democracy.
In 1984, Nazarbayev became the Chairman of the Council of Ministers, working under Dinmukhamed Kunayev, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan. He served as First Secretary of the Kazakh Communist Party from 1989 to 1991.
Nazarbayev criticized Askar Kunayev, head of the Academy of Sciences, at the 16th session of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in January 1986 for not reforming his department. Dinmukhamed Kunayev, Nazarbayev's boss and Askar's brother, felt deeply angered and betrayed. Kunayev went to Moscow and demanded Nazarbayev's dismissal while Nazarbayev's supporters campaigned for Kunayev's dismissal and Nazarbayev's promotion. Mikhail Gorbachev accepted the resignation of a deflated Kunayev, replacing him with Gennady Kolbin, an ethnic Russian, triggering three days of riots known as the Jeltoqsan.
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Osama bin Laden
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden ( /oʊˈsɑːmə bɪn moʊˈhɑːmɨd bɪn əˈwɑːd bɪn ˈlɑːdən/; Arabic: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن, ʾUsāmah bin Muḥammad bin ʿAwaḍ bin Lādin; March 10, 1957 – May 2, 2011), was the founder of Al-Qaeda, the jihadist organization responsible for the September 11 attacks on the United States and numerous other mass-casualty attacks against civilian and military targets. He was a member of the wealthy Saudi bin Laden family, and an ethnic Yemeni Kindite.
Bin Laden was on the American Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) lists of Ten Most Wanted Fugitives and Most Wanted Terrorists for his involvement in the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings. From 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the War on Terror, with a US$25 million bounty by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by U.S. Navy SEALs and CIA operatives in a covert operation ordered by United States President Barack Obama.
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Pete Wilson
Peter Barton “Pete” Wilson (born August 23, 1933) is an American politician from California. Wilson, a Republican, served as the 36th governor of California (1991–1999), the culmination of more than three decades in the public arena that included eight years as a United States Senator (1983–1991), eleven years as Mayor of San Diego (1971–1982) and four years as a California State Assemblyman (1967–1971).
Peter Barton Wilson was born on August 23, 1933, in Lake Forest, Illinois, a suburb north of Chicago. His parents were James Boone Wilson and Margaret Callaghan Wilson. His father was originally a jewelry salesman who later became a successful advertising executive. The Wilson family moved to St. Louis, Missouri when Pete was in junior high school. There, he attended the St. Louis Country Day School, an exclusive private high school, where he won an award in his senior year for combined scholarship, athletics, and citizenship. In the fall of 1952, Pete Wilson enrolled at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where he received a U.S. Navy (Marine Corps) ROTC scholarship, majored in English, and earned his Bachelor of Arts degree.
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Rangin Dadfar Spanta
Dr. Rangin Dadfar Spanta (born December 15, 1954 in Herat) was the foreign minister of Afghanistan.
He was appointed to that position by Hamid Karzai during a cabinet reshuffle on March 21, 2006 and approved by the 249-seat lower house on April 20, 2006. He was previously the Senior Advisor on International Affairs to President Hamid Karzai. On January 18, 2010 Zalmai Rassoul became the new foreign minister of Afghanistan.
Spanta was an ex-patriate for many years as he fled during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan to Turkey. Some years later he moved to Germany claiming to be a refugee. In Germany he became a scholar and assistant professor of political science at RWTH Aachen University, Germany, at which time he also served as spokesperson for the Alliance for Democracy in Afghanistan, was active in the local section of the German Green Party and being employed by a local NGO "Eine Welt Forum Aachen e.V.". During his visits to Afghanistan, upon the fall of the Taliban, he taught briefly at the Kabul University while still being resident in Germany.
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Richard Olney
Richard Olney (September 15, 1835 – April 8, 1917) was an American statesman. He served as both United States Attorney General and Secretary of State under President Grover Cleveland. As attorney general, Olney used injunctions against striking workers in the Pullman strike, setting a precedent, and advised the use of federal troops, when legal means failed to control the strikers. As secretary of state, he raised the status of America in the world by elevating U.S. diplomatic posts to the status of embassy.
Olney was born into a family of means in Oxford, Massachusetts. His father was Wilson Olney, a textiles manufacturer and banker. Shortly after his birth, the family moved to Louisville, Kentucky, until Olney was seven. The family then moved back to Oxford and Olney attended school at the Leicester Academy in Leicester.
After completing his education there, he went to Brown University, where he graduated with high honors as class orator in 1856. He then attended Harvard Law School, where he received a bachelor of laws degree in 1858. In 1859, he passed the bar and began practicing law in Boston, attaining a reputation as an authority on probate, trust and corporate law.
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Richard Wall Lyman
Richard Wall Lyman (born Oct. 19, 1923; died May 27, 2012), the seventh president of Stanford University, was an American educator, historian, and professor.
He served as the provost of Stanford between 1967 and 1970. He then served as president of the university from 1970 to 1980. During his tenure as provost and president, he confronted campus dissidents involved in protests against the Vietnam war and other social issues of the 1960s. In the spring of 1969, he called in law enforcement authorities to evict and arrest students that were occupying campus buildings and removing administrative files. In referring to his leadership during his tenure, both of his immediate successors as president of the university have said that "Dick Lyman saved Stanford."
In 1983 he founded the Stanford Institute for International Studies and became its first director. He was the president of the Rockefeller Foundation from 1980–88.
Lyman earned his bachelor's degree from Swarthmore College and his master's degree and PhD from Harvard University. He was a Fulbright scholar at the London School of Economics from 1951 to 1952. He came to Stanford in 1958 as a professor in history.
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Rick Upchurch
Richard “Rick” Upchurch (born May 20, 1952, in Toledo, Ohio) is a former professional American football player who played wide receiver for the Denver Broncos (1975–1983) of the NFL. Before his NFL career, he played for Centerville Community College in Centerville, Iowa and the University of Minnesota and went to high school at Springfield Local High School in Holland, Ohio. In 2000, Upchurch was named one of the 300 best NFL players of all time.
In his nine NFL seasons, Upchurch excelled as a receiver and a kick returner on special teams. In his rookie season, he rushed for 97 yards, caught 18 passes for 436 yards, returned 27 punts for 312 yards, and added another 1,014 yards returning kickoffs. In his second season, he set an NFL record by returning four punts for touchdowns and made the Pro Bowl. In the 1977 season, he led the NFL with 653 punt return yards and assisted his team to their first ever Super Bowl appearance. The Broncos lost Super Bowl XII to the Dallas Cowboys 27-10, but he had a good performance in the game. Upchurch amassed 125 total offensive yards (94 kickoff return, 22 punt return, 9 receiving), including a Super Bowl record 67-yard kickoff return in the 3rd quarter that set up Denver’s only touchdown of the game.
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Rob Portman
Robert Jones "Rob" Portman (born December 19, 1955) is a lawyer and the junior United States Senator from Ohio. He is a member of the Republican Party. He succeeded retiring Senator George Voinovich.
From 1993 to 2005, Portman served in the United States House of Representatives, representing Ohio's 2nd congressional district, which stretches along the Ohio River from the Hamilton County suburbs of Cincinnati east to Scioto County and Pike County. Portman won seven consecutive congressional elections with over 70 percent of the vote.
Portman served in two federal cabinet positions under the administration of President George W. Bush. From May 2005 to May 2006, he was the U.S. Trade Representative. From May 2006 to June 2007, he was Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). He is considered a possible pick for Vice President on the Republican presidential ticket in 2012.
Portman was born in 1955 in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of Joan (née Jones) and entrepreneur William C. "Bill" Portman II. His patrilineal great-grandfather, surnamed "Portmann", immigrated from Switzerland; Portman also has Scottish, Northern Irish, English, and German ancestry. When he was young, his father borrowed money to start the Portman Equipment Company, a forklift dealership where he and his siblings all worked growing up. The company grew from a small business with five employees and Joan Portman as bookkeeper to one that employed over 300 people. According to a 2010 Weekly Standard profile, Portman "developed a political philosophy grounded in entrepreneurship," having grown up "[hearing] talk about regulations, and taxes, and government getting in the way of small business" because of his early experiences with his family business.
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Robert Bacon
Robert Bacon (July 5, 1860 – May 29, 1919) was an American statesman and diplomat. He served as United States Secretary of State from January to March 1909.
Born in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, to William Benjamin Bacon and Emily Crosby Low, he was graduate of Harvard University, where he was a member of the A.D. Club and Delta Kappa Epsilon. He was married on October 10, 1883 to Martha Waldron Cowdin. They had four children: Robert Low Bacon, Gaspar Griswold Bacon, Elliot Cowdin Bacon, and Martha Beatrix Bacon who married George Whitney (1885-1963). Their son Robert was a United States Congressman and Gaspar was the President of the Massachusetts Senate from 1929–32 and Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts from 1933-1935.
He worked in the business world, including partnership with J.P. Morgan & Co. for many years starting in 1894. He acted as J.P. Morgan's chief lieutenant and participated in the formation of the U.S. Steel Corporation and the Northern Securities Company. The pressure of the job shot his nerves, and he left the company in 1903.
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Robert Byrd
Robert Carlyle Byrd (born Cornelius Calvin Sale, Jr.; November 20, 1917 – June 28, 2010) was a United States Senator from West Virginia. A member of the Democratic Party, Byrd served as a U.S. Representative from 1953 until 1959 and as a U.S. Senator from 1959 to 2010. He was the longest-serving senator and the longest-serving member in the history of the United States Congress.
Initially elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1952, Byrd served there for six years before being elected to the Senate in 1958. He rose to become one of the Senate's most powerful members, serving as secretary of the Senate Democratic Caucus from 1967 to 1971 and—after defeating his longtime colleague, Ted Kennedy—as Senate Majority Whip from 1971 to 1977. Byrd led the Democratic caucus as Senate Majority Leader from 1977 to 1981 and 1987 to 1989, and as Senate Minority Leader from 1981 to 1987. From 1989 to 2010 he served as the President pro tempore of the United States Senate when the Democratic Party had a majority, and as President pro tempore emeritus during periods of Republican majority beginning in 2001. As President pro tempore, he was third in the line of presidential succession, behind the Vice President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. He also served as the Chairman of the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations from 1989 to 1995, 2001 to 2003, and 2007 to 2009, giving him extraordinary influence over federal spending.
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Robert Cutler
Robert Cutler (1895 – 1974) was a U.S. government official. He was the first person appointed to the newly created position of National Security Advisor during the Eisenhower Administration, serving between 1953 and 1955, and again from 1957 to 1958. A graduate of Harvard College and Harvard Law School he became an attorney and bank executive in Boston, Massachusetts before taking public office. Cutler was also very involved with the Army during his career. He served as an infantry officer in World War I, and acted under Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson during World War II. Cutler was an amateur writer; he was Class Poet at Harvard, and authored two novels — The Speckled Bird and Louisburg Square — by the time he received his degree. An autobiography, No Time for Rest, was released in 1966.
Cutler's brother, Elliott Carr Cutler, was a professor at the Harvard Medical School and a famous surgeon. His maternal relatives, the Carrs, were a prominent political and mercantile family in Bangor, Maine
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Robert Gates
Robert Michael Gates (born September 25, 1943) is the 24th Chancellor of the College of William and Mary and a retired civil servant and university president who served as the 22nd United States Secretary of Defense from 2006 to 2011. Prior to this, Gates served for 26 years in the Central Intelligence Agency and the National Security Council, and under President George H. W. Bush as Director of Central Intelligence. Gates was also an officer in the United States Air Force and during the early part of his military career, he was recruited by the CIA. After leaving the CIA, Gates became president of Texas A&M University and was a member of several corporate boards. Gates also served as a member of the Iraq Study Group, the bipartisan commission co-chaired by James A. Baker III and Lee H. Hamilton, that has studied the Iraq War. He was also the first pick to serve as the first Director of National Intelligence (DNI), but he declined the appointment in order to remain President of Texas A&M University.
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Robert Lansing
Robert Lansing (October 17, 1864 – October 30, 1928) served in the position of Legal Advisor to the State Department at the outbreak of World War I where he vigorously advocated against Britain's policy of blockade and in favor of the principles of freedom of the seas and the rights of neutral nations. He then served as United States Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson between 1915 and 1920. He was nominated to the office after William Jennings Bryan's resignation. He negotiated the Lansing-Ishii Agreement with Japan in 1917 and was a member of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace at Paris in 1919.
He was born in Watertown, New York, the son of John Lansing (1832–1907) and Maria Lay (Dodge) Lansing. He graduated from Amherst College in 1886 and was admitted to the bar in 1889. From then until 1907 he was a member of the law firm of Lansing & Lansing at Watertown. An authority on international law, he served as associate counsel for the United States, in the Bering Sea Arbitration in 1892-93, as counsel for the United States Bering Sea Claims Commission in 1896-97, as solicitor for the government before the Alaskan Boundary Tribunal in 1903, as counsel for the North Atlantic Fisheries in the Arbitration at The Hague in 1909-10, and as agent of the United States in the American and British Arbitration in 1912-14. In 1914 Lansing was appointed by President Wilson counselor to the State Department.
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Robert McFarlane
Robert Carl "Bud" McFarlane (born July 12, 1937) was a National Security Advisor to President Ronald Reagan, serving from 1983 through 1985.
After a career in the Marines, he became part of the Reagan administration, and was a leading architect of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) for defending the United States against missile attack. Subsequently, he was involved in the Iran-Contra affair.
After graduating high school, McFarlane entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1955, where he graduated in 1959. He was the third member of his family to attend the Academy, after his uncle Robert McFarlane (1925) and his brother Bill (1949). At the Academy he graduated in the top 15 percent of the class and lettered twice in gymnastics. He also sang in the Chapel Choir and was a Brigade Administrative Officer (four-striper) and later 14th Company Commander.
Following graduation from the Naval Academy in 1959, McFarlane was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps where he served as a field artillery officer.
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Robert Zoellick
Robert Bruce Zoellick (/ˈzɛlɪk/; German: [ˈtsœlɪk]; born July 25, 1953) is the eleventh president of the World Bank, a position he has held since July 1, 2007. He was previously a managing director of Goldman Sachs, United States Deputy Secretary of State (resigning on July 7, 2006) and U.S. Trade Representative, from February 7, 2001 until February 22, 2005.
President George W. Bush nominated Zoellick on May 30, 2007 to replace Paul Wolfowitz as President of the World Bank. On June 25, 2007, Zoellick was approved by the World Bank's executive board.
Zoellick was born in Naperville, Illinois, the son of Gladys and William T. Zoellick. His family is of German origin and he was raised Lutheran. He graduated in 1971 from Naperville Central High School, graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1975 from Swarthmore College as a history major, and received his J.D. from Harvard Law School and a Master of Public Policy degree from Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1981.
Upon graduation from Harvard Law School Zoellick served as a law clerk for Judge Patricia Wald on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
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Rod Paige
Roderick Raynor "Rod" Paige (born June 17, 1933) served as the 7th United States Secretary of Education from 2001 to 2005. Paige, who grew up in Mississippi, built a career on a belief that education equalizes opportunity, moving from classroom teacher to college dean and school superintendent to be the first African American to serve as the nation's education chief.
Paige was sitting with George W. Bush at the Emma E. Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, Florida, when Bush received the news that a second plane had hit the World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001 attacks.
On November 15, 2004, Paige announced his resignation after overseeing the President's education agenda for four years. White House domestic policy adviser Margaret Spellings was nominated as his successor. The U.S. Senate confirmed her on January 20, 2005 after Bush's inauguration for a second term.
Born in Monticello, Mississippi, Paige is the son of public school educators. He earned a bachelor's degree from Jackson State University in Jackson, Mississippi and a Master's degree and a Doctor of Physical Education degree from Indiana University Bloomington.[citation needed] He also holds an honorary doctoral degree from the University of Houston, which was presented to him in 2000.
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( /ˈrɒnəld ˈwɪlsən ˈreɪɡən/; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States, serving from 1981 to 1989. Prior to that, he was the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975 and a radio, film and television actor.
Born in Tampico, Illinois and raised in Dixon, Reagan was educated at Eureka College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology. After his graduation, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then in to Los Angeles in 1937 where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television. Some of his most notable films include Knute Rockne, All American, Kings Row, and Bedtime for Bonzo. Reagan served as president of the Screen Actors Guild, and later as a spokesman for General Electric (GE); his start in politics occurred during his work for GE. Originally a member of the Democratic Party, his positions began shifting rightward in the late 1950s, and he switched to the Republican Party in 1962. After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970. He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 as well as 1976, but won both the nomination and general election in 1980, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter.
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Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg (born March 15, 1933) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Ginsburg was appointed by President Bill Clinton and took the oath of office on August 10, 1993. She is the second female justice (after Sandra Day O'Connor) and the first Jewish female justice.
She is generally viewed as belonging to the liberal wing of the Court. Ginsburg spent a considerable portion of her legal career before becoming a judge as an advocate for the advancement of women's rights as a constitutional principle. She advocated as a volunteer lawyer for the American Civil Liberties Union and was a member of its board of directors and one of its general counsel in the 1970s. She was a professor at Rutgers School of Law–Newark and Columbia Law School. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter appointed her to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.
Born in Brooklyn, New York, Ruth Joan Bader was the second daughter of Nathan and Celia (née Amster) Bader. The family nicknamed her "Kiki". They belonged to the East Midwood Jewish Center, where she took her religious confirmation seriously. At age thirteen, Ruth acted as the "camp rabbi" at a Jewish summer program at Camp Che-Na-Wah in Minerva, New York.
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Samuel Bodman
Samuel Wright Bodman III (born November 26, 1938) was a United States Secretary of Energy and was previously Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury Department.
Born in Chicago, Illinois on November 26, 1938, Bodman spent his early years in the Chicago suburbs, before he graduated in 1961 with a Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Cornell University. He was a member of Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity and the Sphinx Head Society. In 1965, he completed his Doctor of Science in chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. For the next six years he served as an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT and began his work in the financial sector as Technical Director of the American Research and Development Corporation, a venture capital firm.
From there, Bodman went to Fidelity Venture Associates, a division of the Fidelity Investments. In 1983 he was named President and Chief Operating Officer of Fidelity Investments and a Director of the Fidelity Group of Mutual Funds. In 1987, he joined Cabot Corporation, a Boston-based Fortune 300 company with global business activities in specialty chemicals and materials, where he served as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, and a Director.
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Sandy Berger
Samuel Richard "Sandy" Berger (born October 28, 1945) was United States National Security Advisor, under President Bill Clinton from 1997 to 2001. In his position, he helped to formulate the foreign policy of the Clinton Administration. During this time he advised the President regarding the Khobar Towers bombing, Operation Desert Fox, the NATO bombing campaign against Yugoslavia, responses to the terrorist bombings of American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, and the administration's policy of engagement with the People's Republic of China. He was also one of the prominent actors of the Camp David 2000 Summit.
Before joining the administration, Berger had worked as an international trade attorney; currently, he is chairman of an international advisory firm and chairman of the board of an international investment fund. He lives in the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C., is married to Susan Berger and has three children (one son and two daughters).
In April 2005, Berger pled guilty to a misdemeanor charge of unauthorized removal and retention of classified material from the National Archives in Washington. According to the lead prosecutor in the case Berger only took copies of classified information and no original material was destroyed.
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Sarah Palin
Sarah Louise Palini/ˈpeɪlɨn/ (née Heath; born February 11, 1964) is an American politician, commentator and author. As the Republican Party nominee for Vice President in the 2008 presidential election, she was the first Alaskan on the national ticket of a major party and first Republican woman nominated for the vice presidency. Her book Going Rogue has sold more than two million copies. Since January 2010, she has provided political commentary for Fox News, and hosted a television show, Sarah Palin's Alaska. Five million viewers tuned in for the first episode, a record for The Learning Channel.
She was elected to Wasilla City Council in 1992 and became mayor of Wasilla in 1996. In 2003, after an unsuccessful run for lieutenant governor, she was appointed Chairman of the Alaska Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, responsible for overseeing the state's oil and gas fields for safety and efficiency. The youngest person and first woman to be elected Governor of Alaska, Palin held the office from December 2006 until her resignation in July 2009. She has since endorsed and campaigned for the Tea Party movement, as well as several candidates in the 2010 midterm elections. From the time of her Vice Presidential nomination in 2008, Palin was considered a potential candidate for the 2012 presidential election until she announced in October 2011 that she would not run.
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Sean McCormack
Sean McCormack is a former United States Assistant Secretary of State. He was sworn in as Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs and Department Spokesman on June 2, 2005, and served until January 20, 2009.
McCormack graduated from Colby College in 1986 with a Bachelor’s degree in economics. He received an M.A. in international relations from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1990
Prior to joining the Foreign Service, McCormack was an analyst at the Meridian Corporation working on issues related to arms control and non-proliferation.
McCormack began his career in the Foreign Service in 1995. He served at the U.S. embassy in Ankara from 1996 to 1998, where he was assigned as the Persian-speaking officer in the consular section. He was posted to the U.S. embassy in Algiers from 1998 to 1999, with responsibility for economic reporting and consular issues.
McCormack was posted to the State Department Operations Center in 1999 before moving to the Executive Secretariat Staff ("The Line"). He was detailed to the National Security Council Staff in 2001.
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Sean Wilentz
Robert Sean Wilentz ( /ˈʃɔːn wɨˈlɛnts/) is the Sidney and Ruth Lapidus Professor of History at Princeton University, where he has taught since 1979.
Born in 1951 in New York City, where his father Eli and uncle Ted owned a well-known Greenwich Village bookstore, the Eighth Street Bookshop, Wilentz earned one B.A. at Columbia University in 1972, before earning another at Oxford University (Balliol College) in 1974 on a Kellett Fellowship. In 1975 he earned an M.A. at Yale University and in 1980 he received his Ph.D. also from Yale, under the supervision of David Brion Davis.
Wilentz' historical scholarship has focused on the importance of class and race in the early national period, especially in New York City. Wilentz has also co-authored books on nineteenth-century religion and working-class life. His highly detailed The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln (W.W. Norton, 2005) won the Bancroft Prize. His goal was to revive the reputation of Andrew Jackson and Jacksonian Democracy, which was under attack from the left because of Jackson's support for slavery and especially his harshness toward Indians, including his forced removals. Wilentz returned to the pro-Jackson themes of Arthur Schlesinger Jr., who in 1946 had hailed the pro-labor policies of Northern, urban Jacksonians.
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Spencer Abraham
Edmund Spencer Abraham (born June 12, 1952) is a former United States Senator from Michigan. He served as the tenth United States Secretary of Energy, serving under President George W. Bush. Abraham is one of the founders of the Federalist Society.
Abraham was born in East Lansing, Michigan and a graduate of East Lansing High School. Of Lebanese descent, Abraham is married to Jane Abraham (current co-chairwoman of the Michigan Republican Party) and has three children: a son and twin girls, Betsy and Julie. He holds a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Harvard University, and is a 1974 Honors College graduate of Michigan State University. In 1978, while at Harvard Law School, Abraham helped found the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy. It became one of the official journals of the Federalist Society, which was founded in 1982.
Before his election to the Senate, Abraham was a law professor at Thomas M. Cooley Law School.
He was elected chairman of the Michigan Republican Party from 1983 to 1990. He was deputy chief of staff for Vice President Dan Quayle from 1990 to 1991. He later served as co-chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) from 1991 to 1993 and ran for chairman of the Republican National Committee in 1993, coming second to Haley Barbour.
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Stephen Grey
Stephen Grey (b. 1968 in Rotterdam, Netherlands) is an award-winning British investigative journalist and author best known for revealing details of the CIA's program of 'extraordinary rendition.' He has also reported extensively from the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Grey was educated at the British School of Brussels, St Alban's School, and Windsor Boys School, and then studied politics, philosophy, and economics at Oxford University. He was an active member of the National League of Young Liberals and was elected to their National Executive Committee in 1984. He was one of the key members of the Young Liberal Green Guard.
After training on the Eastern Daily Press in Norfolk, Grey worked successively for the Sunday Times, London, as Home Affairs Correspondent, South Asia Correspondent, European Correspondent, and as editor of the paper's investigative unit, the Insight team.[citation needed]
In the summer of 2003, Grey began investigating reports of the CIA's secret system of extraordinary renditions (transfer of terror suspects to foreign jails, where many faced torture). The results of his research were first published in the New Statesman in an article headlined 'America's Gulag' in May, 2004. After finding how to track the movements of alleged CIA planes used for rendition, he published the first flight logs of these jets in the Sunday Times in November 2004. He went on to contribute to several front page news articles to the New York Times about rendition and security issues, as well as to Newsweek, CBS 60 Minutes, Le Monde Diplomatique, and BBC Radio 4's 'File on Four'. He presented television documentaries on the CIA rendition program for Channel 4's Dispatches Program and PBS Frontline World.
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Stephen Hadley
Stephen John Hadley (born February 13, 1947, in Toledo, Ohio) was the 21st U.S. Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (commonly referred as National Security Advisor), serving under President George W. Bush.
He received a B.A. degree in government from Cornell University in 1969, where he was a member of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity, the Cornell University Glee Club, and the Quill and Dagger society. He later received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Yale Law School and served as an officer in the United States Navy from 1972 to 1975.
Hadley has served in a variety of capacities in the defense and national security field, including as an analyst for the Comptroller of the Department of Defense from 1972–1974, as a member of the National Security Council staff under President Gerald Ford from 1974–1977, and serving from 1986–1987 as Counsel to the Special Review Board established by President Ronald Reagan to inquire into U.S. arms sales to Iran.
During the administration of George H. W. Bush, Hadley was, "[a] Pentagon aide to Wolfowitz," serving as the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy from 1989–1993. In that position, he had responsibility for defense policy toward NATO and Western Europe, on nuclear weapons and ballistic missile defense, and arms control. He also participated in policy issues involving export control and the use of space. Hadley served as Secretary of Defense Cheney's representative in talks led by Secretary of State James Baker that resulted in the START I and START II Treaties.
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Steve Kettmann
Steve Kettmann is a best-selling American author living in Berlin who writes a weekly column on politics for the Berliner Zeitung Berliner Zeitung newspaper, appearing every Wednesday. A 1999 Arthur F. Burns Fellow, Kettmann has reported from more than 30 countries for publications including The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, the New Republic, the Washington Monthly, GQ, Parade Magazine, the Village Voice, Salon.com and Wired.com, the Berliner Zeitung, Die Welt and Der Spiegel.
His most recent books are "What a Party!" co-written with former DNC chairman Terry McAuliffe, which debuted in February 2007 at No. 5 on New York Times best-seller list, and "Letter to a New President," co-written with Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, published in June 2008, book-length advice to whoever would follow George W. Bush. In an interview with The Hill newspaper in Washington, Kettmann described how he and Byrd worked on the book and said, "To him, history is a living, breathing presence in his life that he consults often, like a good friend that is always at his side."
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Steve Preston
Steven C. Preston (born August 4, 1960) served as the 14th Secretary of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development from 2008 to 2009 and the 22nd Administrator of the U.S. Small Business Administration from 2006 until his appointment as HUD Secretary. Before entering public service, Preston spent nearly 25 years in financial and operational leadership positions in the private sector.
Preston grew up in Janesville, Wisconsin and attended Parker High School where he was class valedictorian, president of the student congress, and a varsity wrestler. His mother grew up in Germany during and after World War II and his father was born in an Appalachian coal-mining camp. Preston has four siblings.
Preston earned a B.A. with Highest Distinction in political science from Northwestern University in 1982 and an MBA from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business in 1985.
During the first half of his private sector career, Preston worked in investment banking and corporate finance. Preston joined Lehman Brothers in 1985, ultimately serving as a Senior Vice President in the Investment Banking Department.
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Susan Schwab
Susan Carol Schwab (born March 23, 1955) is an American politician, who served as United States Trade Representative from June, 2006 to January, 2009.
She was nominated to replace Rob Portman as United States Trade Representative in April, 2006, becoming Acting Trade Representative upon Portman's confirmation as director of the Office of Management and Budget. Previously, she served as Deputy United States Trade Representative from 2005 to 2006.
Prior to becoming Deputy Trade Representative, she had served since 2003 as President and CEO of the University System of Maryland Foundation. From 1995 to 2003, she served as Dean of the School of Public Policy at the University of Maryland, College Park, where she remains on the faculty. Earlier in her career, she served as an aide to then-U.S. Senator John Danforth, as a foreign service officer in the State Department, as a well-respected Director-General of the Foreign and Commercial Service within the U.S. Department of Commerce, and as a business development executive at Motorola. Her first job was a trade negotiator with the USTR office, and she later served as Trade Policy Officer in the US Embassy in Tokyo.
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Thomas Hammarberg
Thomas Hammarberg (born 2 January 1942 in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden) is a Swedish diplomat and human rights defender.
He held the post of Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights in Strasbourg from 1 April 2006 to 31 March 2012. He succeeded the first Commissioner, Álvaro Gil-Robles.
Prior to his appointment, Hammarberg had spent several decades working on the advancement of human rights in Europe and worldwide. He had been Secretary General of the Stockholm-based Olof Palme International Center (2002–05), Ambassador of the Swedish Government on Humanitarian Affairs (1994–2002), the Secretary General of the NGO "Save the Children Sweden" (1986–92), and Secretary General of Amnesty International (1980–86). He received on behalf of Amnesty International the Nobel Peace Prize in 1977.
Between 2001-03, Hammarberg acted as Regional Adviser for Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. For several years, he was the Swedish Prime Minister's Personal Representative for the UN Special Session on Children, as well as the Convener of the Aspen Institute Roundtables on "Human Rights in Peace Missions". Between 1996 and 2000, he was the appointed representative of the UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, for human rights in Cambodia. He also participated in the work of the Refugee Working Group of the multilateral Middle East Peace Process.
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Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 (April 2, 1743 O.S.) – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father, the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the third President of the United States (1801–1809). At the beginning of the American Revolution, Jefferson served in the Continental Congress, representing Virginia. He then served as a wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781). Just after the war ended, from mid-1784 Jefferson served as a diplomat, stationed in Paris, initially as a commissioner to help negotiate commercial treaties. In May 1785, he became the United States Minister to France. He was the first United States Secretary of State (1790–1793) during the administration of President George Washington. Upon resigning his office, with his close friend James Madison he organized the Democratic-Republican Party. Elected Vice-President in 1796, under his opponent John Adams, Jefferson with Madison secretly wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which attempted to nullify the Alien and Sedition Acts.
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Time 100
Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, as assembled by Time. First published in 1999 as a result of a debate among several academics, the list has become an annual event.
The list was started with a debate at a symposium in Washington, D.C., on February 1, 1998, with panel participants CBS news anchor Dan Rather, historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, former New York governor Mario Cuomo, then–political science professor Condoleezza Rice, neoconservative publisher Irving Kristol and Time managing editor Walter Isaacson.
The list was first published in 1999, when Time magazine named the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Based on the popularity of the installment, in 2004 Time magazine decided to make it an annual issue, listing the 100 people most influencing the world. Making the list is frequently mistaken as an honor; however, Time makes it very clear that people are recognized for changing the world, for better or for worse. Those recognized fall in one of five categories: Leaders & Revolutionaries, Builders & Titans, Artists & Entertainers, Scientists & Thinkers, and Heroes & Icons. Within each category, the 20 most influential people (sometimes pairs or small groups) are selected, for a grand total of 100 each year.
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Timothy Pickering
Timothy Pickering (July 17, 1745 – January 29, 1829) was a politician from Massachusetts who served in a variety of roles, most notably as the third United States Secretary of State, serving in that office from 1795 to 1800 under Presidents George Washington and John Adams.
Pickering had previously served in the Massachusetts militia and Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He is often remembered for his Anglophile attitudes, and pushed for pro-British policies during his political career. Pickering famously describing the country as "The World's last hope - Britain's Fast-anchored Isle" during the Napoleonic Wars. He later became involved with the Hartford Convention, and along with many other Federalists opposed the War of 1812.
Pickering was born in Salem, Massachusetts to Deacon Timothy and Mary Wingate Pickering. He was one of nine children and the younger brother of John Pickering (not to be confused with the New Hampshire judge) who would eventually serve as Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He attended grammar school in Salem and graduated from Harvard University in 1763. Salem minister William Bentley noted on Pickering: "From his youth his townsmen proclaim him assuming, turbulent, & headstrong."
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Tom Ridge
Thomas Joseph "Tom" Ridge (born August 26, 1945) is an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives (1983–1995), the 43rd Governor of Pennsylvania (1995–2001), Assistant to the President for Homeland Security (2001–2003), and the first United States Secretary of Homeland Security (2003–2005). Since re-entering the private sector, Ridge has served on the boards of The Home Depot, The Hershey Company and Exelon Corporation and as a senior advisor to Deloitte & Touche, and TechRadium. Ridge is also the founder and CEO of Ridge Global, LLC, a Washington, D.C. based security consulting firm. Ridge spent time campaigning with Senator John McCain during his 2008 bid for the presidency and was believed by some to have been in the short list of potential running mates.
Ridge was born in Munhall, Pennsylvania, in Pittsburgh's Steel Valley, the oldest of three children. His parents were Laura (née Sudimack) and Thomas Regis Ridge, who was a traveling salesman and Navy veteran. Ridge's maternal grandparents were Carpatho-Rusyn immigrants from the former Czechoslovakia (now Slovakia), and his paternal great-grandparents emigrated from Great Britain. Ridge was raised in veterans' public housing in Erie, Pennsylvania. He was educated at St. Andrews Elementary School and Cathedral Preparatory School and did well both academically and in sports. He earned a scholarship to Harvard College, where he paid his way through with construction work, played intramural baseball and football, and graduated with honors in 1967.
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Tommy Thompson
Tommy George Thompson (born November 19, 1941), a United States Republican politician, was the 42nd Governor of Wisconsin, after which he served as U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services. Thompson was a candidate for the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election, but dropped out early after a poor performance in polls. He is currently running for the United States Senate election in 2012.
Thompson was born in Elroy, Wisconsin, where his father, Allan, owned and ran a gas station and country grocery store, and his mother, Julia, was a teacher. He is a former captain in the United States Army and United States Army Reserve, and holds a law degree from the University of Wisconsin Law School.
Thompson was elected to the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1966; he became the Assembly's assistant minority leader in 1973 and minority leader in 1981. He was famous for aggressively utilizing parliamentary procedure to give his minority party some limited say in the legislative process. Since this use of procedure was invariably one of delay and obstruction, he soon received the nickname "Dr. No" by the frustrated majority.[neutrality is disputed]
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Tony Snow
Robert Anthony "Tony" Snow (June 1, 1955 – July 12, 2008) was an American journalist, political commentator, television news anchor, syndicated columnist, radio host, musician, and the third White House Press Secretary under President George W. Bush. Snow also worked for President George H. W. Bush as chief speechwriter and Deputy Assistant of Media Affairs. He served as White House Press Secretary from May 2006 until his resignation effective September 2007.
Between his two White House stints, Snow was a broadcaster and newspaper columnist. After years of regular guest-hosting for The Rush Limbaugh Show and providing news commentary for National Public Radio, he launched his own talk radio program, The Tony Snow Show, which went on to become nationally syndicated. He was also a regular personality on Fox News Channel since 1996, hosting Fox News Sunday and Weekend Live, and often substituting as host of The O'Reilly Factor. In April 2008, Snow briefly joined CNN as a commentator. He also made several notable speeches, including keynote addresses at the Conservative Political Action Conference in 2007 and 2008.
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Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин; IPA: [vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn] (
listen); born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician who has been the President of Russia since 7 May 2012. Putin previously served as President from 2000 to 2008 and as Prime Minister of Russia from 1999 to 2000, and again from 2008 to 2012. Putin also serves as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when president Boris Yeltsin resigned in a surprising move. Putin won the 2000 presidential election; in 2004 he was re-elected for a second term lasting until 7 May 2008.
Because of constitutionally mandated term limits, Putin was ineligible to run for a third consecutive presidential term. After his successor Dmitry Medvedev won the 2008 presidential election, Putin was nominated by Medvedev to be Russia's Prime Minister; Putin took office on 8 May 2008 and a period of so-called "tandemocracy" followed. In September 2011, Putin and Medvedev agreed he should seek a third, non-consecutive term in the 2012 presidential election, which he won in the first round on 4 March 2012.
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Walt Whitman Rostow
Walt Whitman Rostow (also known as Walt Rostow or W.W. Rostow) (October 7, 1916 – February 13, 2003) was a United States economist and political theorist who served as Special Assistant for National Security Affairs to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Prominent for his role in the shaping of US foreign policy in Southeast Asia during the 1960s, he was a staunch anti-communist, and was noted for a belief in the efficacy of capitalism and free enterprise. Rostow served as a major adviser on national security affairs under the Kennedy and Johnson administrations. He strongly supported US involvement in the Vietnam War. In his later years he taught at the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin with his wife, Elspeth Rostow, who later became dean of the school. He wrote extensively in defense of free enterprise economics, particularly in developing nations. Rostow wrote a book The Stages of Economic Growth: A non-communist manifesto (1960) which was used in several fields of social sciences.
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Warren Christopher
Warren Minor Christopher (October 27, 1925 – March 18, 2011) was an American lawyer, diplomat and politician. During Bill Clinton's first term as President, Christopher served as the 63rd Secretary of State. He also served as Deputy Attorney General in the Lyndon Johnson Administration, and as Deputy Secretary of State in the Carter Administration. At the time of his death, he was a Senior Partner at O'Melveny & Myers in the firm's Century City, California, office. He also served as a professor in the College Honors Program at the University of California at Los Angeles. At the behest of Al Gore, Christopher oversaw the Vice President's Florida recount effort in the aftermath of the disputed United States Presidential election, 2000.
Born in Scranton, North Dakota, the son of Ernest Christopher, a bank manager, and his wife Catherine, Christopher graduated from Hollywood High School, and attended the University of Redlands, before transferring to the University of Southern California. He was a member of the college fraternity Kappa Sigma Sigma. He graduated magna cum laude from the University of Southern California in February 1945. From July 1943 to September 1946, he served in the United States Naval Reserve, with active duty as an ensign in the Pacific Theater. He attended Stanford Law School from 1946–1949, where he was the founder and President of the Stanford Law Review and was elected to the Order of the Coif.
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Wikipedia Persondata
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Wolf Blitzer
Wolf Isaac Blitzer (born March 22, 1948) is an American journalist who has been a CNN reporter since 1990. Blitzer is currently the host of the newscast The Situation Room and was the host of the Sunday talk show Late Edition until it was discontinued on January 11, 2009. Blitzer previously hosted Wolf Blitzer Reports, which was replaced by The Situation Room.
The son of Jewish refugees from Poland, Wolf Blitzer was born in Augsburg, Germany and raised in Buffalo, New York. Blitzer graduated from Kenmore West Senior High School and received a Bachelor of Arts in history from the University at Buffalo in 1970. While there, he was a brother of Alpha Epsilon Pi. In 1972, he received a Master of Arts in international relations from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies. While at Johns Hopkins, Blitzer studied abroad at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he learned Hebrew.
Blitzer has said that he has frequently been asked about his name, which has been characterized as seemingly "made-for-TV". In a Wayne's World Saturday Night Live sketch which was aired during the Persian Gulf War, Wayne and Garth picked Blitzer as having the "worst name" of any war correspondent, with Garth remarking, "It's so obvious the guy made it up for the war!" Blitzer explains that his surname goes back for generations, and his first name, 'Wolf', is the same first name as his maternal grandfather.
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Zbigniew Brzezinski
Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzezinski (Polish: Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzeziński, pronounced [ˈzbʲiɡɲiɛf kaˈʑimʲiɛʐ bʐɛˈʑiɲski]; born March 28, 1928) is a Polish American political scientist, geostrategist, and statesman who served as United States National Security Advisor to President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1981.
Major foreign policy events during his term of office included the normalization of relations with the People's Republic of China (and the severing of ties with the Republic of China); the signing of the second Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT II); the brokering of the Camp David Accords; the transition of Iran from an important U.S. client state to an anti-Western Islamic Republic, encouraging dissidents in Eastern Europe and emphasizing certain human rights in order to undermine the influence of the Soviet Union; the financing of the mujahideen in Afghanistan in response to the Soviet deployment of forces there and the arming of these rebels to counter the Soviet invasion; and the signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaties relinquishing overt U.S. control of the Panama Canal after 1999.
wn.com/Zbigniew_Brzezinski
Rice, Condoleezza Filmography
- The Hunt for Bin Laden (2012)
- Top Priority: The Terror Within (2012)
- The 40th Republican National Convention (2012)
- War on Terror (2011)
- Miss Representation (2011)
- Super Bowl XLV (2011)
- Morning Glory (2010)
- Bhutto (2010)
- 9/11 State of Emergency (2010)
- Fair Game (2010)
- By the People: The Election of Barack Obama (2009)
- The Shock Doctrine (2009)
- Courting Condi (2008)
- History of the National Security State (2008)
- King (2008)
- Leading to War (2008)
- Being W (2008)
- With My Eyes Wide Open (2007)
- Endgame: Blueprint for Global Enslavement (2007)
- Loose Change: Final Cut (2007)
- Unter falscher Flagge (2007)
- Black Woman (2007)
- Taxi to the Dark Side (2007)
- Taking Liberties (2007)
- Poodle Samizdat (2006)
- 9/11: Press for Truth (2006)
- Bicentennial Nigger (2006)
- Random Quest (2006)
- Super Bowl XL (2006)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (2006)
- Who Killed the Electric Car? (2006)
- When the Levees Broke: A Requiem in Four Acts (2006)
- Martial Law 9/11: Rise of the Police State (2005)
- God, Country, Notre Dame: The Story of Father Ted Hesburgh, C.S.C. (2005)
- Why We Fight (2005)
- Saddam Hussein: Histoire d'un procès annoncé (2005)
- Le 11 septembre n'a pas eu lieu... (2004)
- Inside the U.S. Secret Service (2004)
- Uncovered: The War on Iraq (2004)
- Michael Moore, el gran agitador (2004)
- Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)
- Outfoxed: Rupert Murdoch's War on Journalism (2004)
- Celsius 41.11: The Temperature at Which the Brain... Begins to Die (2004)
- The Hunt for Osama bin Laden (2002)
- 33rd NAACP Image Awards (2002)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (2001)
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Secretary Condoleezza Rice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:43
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice addresses the 2012 Republican National Convention. August 29, 2012 | Tampa, FL
http://wn.com/Secretary_Condoleezza_Rice
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice addresses the 2012 Republican National Convention. August 29, 2012 | Tampa, FL
An Evening with Dr. Condoleezza Rice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:32
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
The Josef Korbel School of International Studies' Dean, Christopher Hill, sits down with former Secretary of State and Korbel alumna, Dr. Condoleezza Rice to discuss her time in and outside the government.
http://wn.com/An_Evening_with_Dr_Condoleezza_Rice
The Josef Korbel School of International Studies' Dean, Christopher Hill, sits down with former Secretary of State and Korbel alumna, Dr. Condoleezza Rice to discuss her time in and outside the government.
- published: 04 Apr 2012
- views: 3830
- author: josefkorbelschool
Condoleezza Rice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:44
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Condoleezza Rice, senior fellow on public policy at the Hoover Institution and a professor of political science at Stanford University, discusses the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, her days as George Bush's national security adviser and secretary of state, and the current state of the world, including Israel, Iran, and China. "The real question is how internally the United States deals with our own difficulties so that we are strong enough and confident enough and optimistic enough to continue to lead."
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice
Condoleezza Rice, senior fellow on public policy at the Hoover Institution and a professor of political science at Stanford University, discusses the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, her days as George Bush's national security adviser and secretary of state, and the current state of the world, including Israel, Iran, and China. "The real question is how internally the United States deals with our own difficulties so that we are strong enough and confident enough and optimistic enough to continue to lead."
- published: 23 Feb 2012
- views: 15821
- author: HooverInstitution
Craig Ferguson 10/25/10Cpt1 Late Late Show Condoleezza Rice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
Craig chats with the very lovely Dr Condoleezza Rice PART 1of2...LOVES his interest in fashion.
http://wn.com/Craig_Ferguson_10_25_10Cpt1_Late_Late_Show_Condoleezza_Rice
Craig chats with the very lovely Dr Condoleezza Rice PART 1of2...LOVES his interest in fashion.
- published: 26 Oct 2010
- views: 54017
- author: TVsCraigFerguson
Condoleezza Rice RNC Full Speech 2012, Brings Crowd To Its Feet With Stirring Foreign Policy Speech
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:14
- Updated: 28 Jan 2013
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice appeared at the Republican National Convention on Wednesday where, abandoning the apolitical role she maintained as a Bush administration official, she took on President Barack Obama's foreign policy. Her impassioned speech drew several ovations, particularly when she discussed her background, America's role in the world and when she asserted that the United States did not have the liberty to "lead from behind." Rice opened up her address by recounting her experience on the morning of 9/11. She transitioned to the economic crisis America faced in September, 2008, which she says America still suffers from the effects of due to economic policies stifling the recovery. She went on to detail the foreign policy challenges facing the nation today, including revolutions in the Middle East forcing bloody civil wars on their populations. She noted that Syria, Iran, Russia and China all present real security challenges. "Where does America stand," Rice asked. "When friends or foes alike don't know the answer to that question unambiguously and clearly, the world is likely to be a more dangerous and chaotic place." "Since World War II, the United States has had an answer to that question," said Rice. "We stand for free peoples and free markets." "The burdens of leadership have been heavy," Rice continued, noting the sacrifices of America's men and women in the armed services have made since 2001. Rice drew a standing ovation for saying that ...
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_RNC_Full_Speech_2012,_Brings_Crowd_To_Its_Feet_With_Stirring_Foreign_Policy_Speech
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice appeared at the Republican National Convention on Wednesday where, abandoning the apolitical role she maintained as a Bush administration official, she took on President Barack Obama's foreign policy. Her impassioned speech drew several ovations, particularly when she discussed her background, America's role in the world and when she asserted that the United States did not have the liberty to "lead from behind." Rice opened up her address by recounting her experience on the morning of 9/11. She transitioned to the economic crisis America faced in September, 2008, which she says America still suffers from the effects of due to economic policies stifling the recovery. She went on to detail the foreign policy challenges facing the nation today, including revolutions in the Middle East forcing bloody civil wars on their populations. She noted that Syria, Iran, Russia and China all present real security challenges. "Where does America stand," Rice asked. "When friends or foes alike don't know the answer to that question unambiguously and clearly, the world is likely to be a more dangerous and chaotic place." "Since World War II, the United States has had an answer to that question," said Rice. "We stand for free peoples and free markets." "The burdens of leadership have been heavy," Rice continued, noting the sacrifices of America's men and women in the armed services have made since 2001. Rice drew a standing ovation for saying that ...
- published: 30 Aug 2012
- views: 53996
- author: martysoffice
Condoleezza Rice at SMU Commencement
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- Duration: 25:47
- Updated: 02 Feb 2013
Former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice gave the Commencement address at Southern Methodist University on May 12, 2012. She was introduced by SMU President R. Gerald Turner.
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_at_SMU_Commencement
Former US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice gave the Commencement address at Southern Methodist University on May 12, 2012. She was introduced by SMU President R. Gerald Turner.
- published: 13 May 2012
- views: 11548
- author: SMUVideo
Condoleezza Rice on minority voters
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Condoleezza Rice talks to CNN's Piers Morgan about Mitt Romney and his appeal towards women and minority voters. For more CNN videos, check out our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com Or visit our site at www.cnn.com
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_on_minority_voters
Condoleezza Rice talks to CNN's Piers Morgan about Mitt Romney and his appeal towards women and minority voters. For more CNN videos, check out our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com Or visit our site at www.cnn.com
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 1802
- author: CNN
10 Questions for Condoleezza Rice
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- Duration: 6:31
- Updated: 11 Feb 2013
Her family memoir, Extraordinary Ordinary People, has just come out. Condoleezza Rice will now take your questions.
http://wn.com/10_Questions_for_Condoleezza_Rice
Her family memoir, Extraordinary Ordinary People, has just come out. Condoleezza Rice will now take your questions.
- published: 15 Oct 2010
- views: 16309
- author: TimeMagazine
Condoleezza Rice's RNC Speech - Election 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:40
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice speaks at the 2012 Republican National Convention. Click here for more vides from the RNC: nyti.ms
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice's_RNC_Speech_Election_2012
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice speaks at the 2012 Republican National Convention. Click here for more vides from the RNC: nyti.ms
- published: 30 Aug 2012
- views: 20603
- author: TheNewYorkTimes
Activists Confront Condoleezza Rice at Stanford University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:00
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
Hello, I am the woman in this YouTube, seen protesting Rice from the audience. That day there was a whole group of us together: World Can't Wait, Stanford Says No To War, Code Pink. I am with World Can't Wait. The war criminals want a safe return to legitimacy, only public protest and rejection disrupts that. All of us were demanding to speak the truth about Rice as a war criminal (and the torture program was only one facet of her crimes). It is heartening to read so many comments of support, and if you'd like to talk more, please write me at sf@worldcantwait.org or check out www.worldcantwait.org I also want to comment back about some of the comments: First: Rice should be protested because of her war crimes and crimes against humanity --NOT for being a woman, or African-American. To writers of comments using ugly, racist and/or woman hating names against Rice -- and also to everyone else reading them: I ask you to think: Isn't hatred against Black people and women exactly the type of "thinking" that actually supports, and feeds, the existing power system -- which creates the wars for empire, and imperialist war criminals, that we oppose? Second: World Can't Wait's mission is to build and strengthen mass political resistance and opposition by people living in the US to the crimes of our own government. In politically confronting war criminals, World Can't Wait believes in, and acts on, the power of doing this through speech, only. Speech -- yelled aloud in the streets ...
http://wn.com/Activists_Confront_Condoleezza_Rice_at_Stanford_University
Hello, I am the woman in this YouTube, seen protesting Rice from the audience. That day there was a whole group of us together: World Can't Wait, Stanford Says No To War, Code Pink. I am with World Can't Wait. The war criminals want a safe return to legitimacy, only public protest and rejection disrupts that. All of us were demanding to speak the truth about Rice as a war criminal (and the torture program was only one facet of her crimes). It is heartening to read so many comments of support, and if you'd like to talk more, please write me at sf@worldcantwait.org or check out www.worldcantwait.org I also want to comment back about some of the comments: First: Rice should be protested because of her war crimes and crimes against humanity --NOT for being a woman, or African-American. To writers of comments using ugly, racist and/or woman hating names against Rice -- and also to everyone else reading them: I ask you to think: Isn't hatred against Black people and women exactly the type of "thinking" that actually supports, and feeds, the existing power system -- which creates the wars for empire, and imperialist war criminals, that we oppose? Second: World Can't Wait's mission is to build and strengthen mass political resistance and opposition by people living in the US to the crimes of our own government. In politically confronting war criminals, World Can't Wait believes in, and acts on, the power of doing this through speech, only. Speech -- yelled aloud in the streets ...
- published: 10 May 2011
- views: 104965
- author: codepinkaction
Raw Video: Condoleezza Rice's speech at the RNC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:28
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice challenged the Obama administration during her address at the 2012 RNC. For more CNN videos, check out our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com Or visit our site at www.cnn.com
http://wn.com/Raw_Video_Condoleezza_Rice's_speech_at_the_RNC
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice challenged the Obama administration during her address at the 2012 RNC. For more CNN videos, check out our YouTube channel at www.youtube.com Or visit our site at www.cnn.com
- published: 30 Aug 2012
- views: 14560
- author: CNN
Condoleezza Rice Confronted on Bilderberg
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- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice gets confronted by WeAreChange on her attendance of the Bilderberg Group. Follow Luke on twitter @ www.twitter.com Become a member of The Sponsor Lounge and get exclusive behind the scenes content while helping us grow! Join us today! http:///www.wearechange.org/donate
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_Confronted_on_Bilderberg
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice gets confronted by WeAreChange on her attendance of the Bilderberg Group. Follow Luke on twitter @ www.twitter.com Become a member of The Sponsor Lounge and get exclusive behind the scenes content while helping us grow! Join us today! http:///www.wearechange.org/donate
- published: 06 Sep 2012
- views: 40929
- author: wearechange
Condi Rice's Full RNC Speech 8/29/12
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- Duration: 19:30
- Updated: 27 Jan 2013
barracudabrigade.blogspot.com
http://wn.com/Condi_Rice's_Full_RNC_Speech_8_29_12
LOL Condi Rice Hits a Birdie: Golf Spectator in Head
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- Duration: 0:15
- Updated: 12 Feb 2013
Dr. Condoleezza Rice Hits Golf Spectator in Head with her honorary Golf Swing
http://wn.com/LOL_Condi_Rice_Hits_a_Birdie_Golf_Spectator_in_Head
Dr. Condoleezza Rice Hits Golf Spectator in Head with her honorary Golf Swing
- published: 08 Feb 2013
- views: 5529
- author: TBGFAT
Condi Gets Served!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Updated: 27 Jan 2013
The White House, having initially blocked National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice from testifying before the 9/11 Commission, finally reversed itself in April 2004. In a dramatic moment, under the stares of the on-looking 9/11 families, Rice made a startling revelation.
http://wn.com/Condi_Gets_Served!
The White House, having initially blocked National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice from testifying before the 9/11 Commission, finally reversed itself in April 2004. In a dramatic moment, under the stares of the on-looking 9/11 families, Rice made a startling revelation.
- published: 05 Sep 2006
- views: 60747
- author: PressForTruth
Condoleezza Rice: Facing Forward, Looking Back
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:29
- Updated: 25 Jan 2013
In early 2010, University of Denver alumna Condoleezza Rice, the nation's 66th secretary of state and former national security adviser to President George W. Bush, sat down with the University of Denver Magazine to discuss her student years at DU, her eventful career and the first installment in her two-volume memoirs.
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_Facing_Forward,_Looking_Back
In early 2010, University of Denver alumna Condoleezza Rice, the nation's 66th secretary of state and former national security adviser to President George W. Bush, sat down with the University of Denver Magazine to discuss her student years at DU, her eventful career and the first installment in her two-volume memoirs.
- published: 25 Oct 2010
- views: 11634
- author: uofdenver
Condoleezza Rice on Benghazi Massacre: Something Is Not Right
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- Duration: 2:48
- Updated: 01 Feb 2013
Condoleezza Rice spoke at the St. Louis Speakers Series sponsored by Maryville University on Tuesday night. After an hour-long address on current world affairs Condi took a few questions. The former Secretary of State was asked about the massacre in Benghazi.
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_on_Benghazi_Massacre_Something_Is_Not_Right
Condoleezza Rice spoke at the St. Louis Speakers Series sponsored by Maryville University on Tuesday night. After an hour-long address on current world affairs Condi took a few questions. The former Secretary of State was asked about the massacre in Benghazi.
- published: 14 Nov 2012
- views: 14096
- author: jim hoft
CODEPINK Arrests Condi Rice at RNC event
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- Duration: 6:20
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
August 29, 2012--Ret. Col. Ann Wright and CODEPINK activist Rae Abileah staged a citizens arrest of Condoleeza Rice for war crimes.
http://wn.com/CODEPINK_Arrests_Condi_Rice_at_RNC_event
August 29, 2012--Ret. Col. Ann Wright and CODEPINK activist Rae Abileah staged a citizens arrest of Condoleeza Rice for war crimes.
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 9768
- author: codepinkaction
Condoleeza Rice Interview with Greta Van Susteren on Fox News - 10/24/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:25
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
see more at uneditedpolitics.com
http://wn.com/Condoleeza_Rice_Interview_with_Greta_Van_Susteren_on_Fox_News_10_24_12
Dr. Condoleezza Rice Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:28
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
I love this interview with her, it really shows her warm and positive personality.
http://wn.com/Dr_Condoleezza_Rice_Interview
I love this interview with her, it really shows her warm and positive personality.
- published: 18 Jul 2012
- views: 1172
- author: GooberTheUncouth
Condoleezza Rice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 13 Feb 2013
Now and then she thinks of when they were together.
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice
Now and then she thinks of when they were together.
- published: 31 May 2012
- views: 3075
- author: Pia Glenn
Condoleezza Rice Speech GOP Convention
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:01
- Updated: 03 Sep 2012
Condoleezza Rice, former Secretary of State in the George W. Bush Administration addresses the GOP Convention in Tampa Bay Florida. The aftermath of 911, the Republicans made difficult decisions but protected America. God bless the brave Troops who make the ultimate sacrifices in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the Navy Seals who destroyed Osama Bin Laden. We owe them our eternal gratitude. The Arab spring in the Middle East isn't going so well. Russia and China preventing intervention against the enemies Syria and Iran who are slaughtering their people. Where does America stand? The world will be a more dangerous and chaotic place if the answer is not known. Need to embrace our Allies like Israel and the Philippines. Our foes cannot question our strength. Are you worried about the rise of China? America is abandoning fair and free trade under President Obama. Oil and gas resources needs to be developed. Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan will rebuild America. The world sees America borrowing money. When a country loses control financially they'll lose sight of destiny. Never be envious jealous of others successes. There is no country that can do harm to us more than we can do to ourselves at home. Human potential and ambition is America. Crisis in k to 12 education is a threat to who we are. Need great teachers not poor ones. Need high achievements from school kids not false praise. Minorities are failing in schools, that's the civil rights issue of today. America Will overcome ...
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_Speech_GOP_Convention
Condoleezza Rice, former Secretary of State in the George W. Bush Administration addresses the GOP Convention in Tampa Bay Florida. The aftermath of 911, the Republicans made difficult decisions but protected America. God bless the brave Troops who make the ultimate sacrifices in Afghanistan and Iraq, and the Navy Seals who destroyed Osama Bin Laden. We owe them our eternal gratitude. The Arab spring in the Middle East isn't going so well. Russia and China preventing intervention against the enemies Syria and Iran who are slaughtering their people. Where does America stand? The world will be a more dangerous and chaotic place if the answer is not known. Need to embrace our Allies like Israel and the Philippines. Our foes cannot question our strength. Are you worried about the rise of China? America is abandoning fair and free trade under President Obama. Oil and gas resources needs to be developed. Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan will rebuild America. The world sees America borrowing money. When a country loses control financially they'll lose sight of destiny. Never be envious jealous of others successes. There is no country that can do harm to us more than we can do to ourselves at home. Human potential and ambition is America. Crisis in k to 12 education is a threat to who we are. Need great teachers not poor ones. Need high achievements from school kids not false praise. Minorities are failing in schools, that's the civil rights issue of today. America Will overcome ...
- published: 30 Aug 2012
- views: 1404
- author: kretincooper
Condoleezza Rice Speech at the Republican National Convention 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:43
- Updated: 20 Jan 2013
Awesome speech by Condoleeza Rice. This is the only country in the world that can stand up for freedom and justice. It is our economy that is the basis for American military power so it is imperative that we get this country and economy back on the path to success.
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_Speech_at_the_Republican_National_Convention_2012
Awesome speech by Condoleeza Rice. This is the only country in the world that can stand up for freedom and justice. It is our economy that is the basis for American military power so it is imperative that we get this country and economy back on the path to success.
- published: 31 Aug 2012
- views: 420
- author: GooberTheUncouth
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Dr. Condoleezza Rice Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:28
- Updated: 26 Nov 2012
I love this interview with her, it really shows her warm and positive personality.
http://wn.com/Dr_Condoleezza_Rice_Interview
I love this interview with her, it really shows her warm and positive personality.
- published: 18 Jul 2012
- views: 985
- author: GooberTheUncouth
Condoleezza Rice - True Believer. Interviewed for TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:12
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http Condi interviewed by CBS's Katie Couric. Growing up in Alabama. Democracy for Iraq. Condi on the piano. Condi's social life. ---------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - uk.groups.yahoo.com More (60+)Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.tk All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com Peter Dow is the author of the Scottish National Standard Bearer website scot.tk
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_True_Believer_Interviewed_for_TV
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http Condi interviewed by CBS's Katie Couric. Growing up in Alabama. Democracy for Iraq. Condi on the piano. Condi's social life. ---------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - uk.groups.yahoo.com More (60+)Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.tk All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com Peter Dow is the author of the Scottish National Standard Bearer website scot.tk
- published: 05 Sep 2007
- views: 82466
- author: riceforpresident
Condoleezza Rice Interview On Live With Regis & Kelly 10/12/2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:23
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Condoleezza Rice vists Live With Regis & Kelly on October 12, 2010
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_Interview_On_Live_With_Regis_Kelly_10_12_2010
Condoleezza Rice vists Live With Regis & Kelly on October 12, 2010
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 11898
- author: EdwinTV32
Condi Rice Interview with Lawrence O'Donnell
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:08
- Updated: 21 Dec 2012
She's still a class act.
http://wn.com/Condi_Rice_Interview_with_Lawrence_O'Donnell
Condoleeza Rice Interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:29
- Updated: 17 Sep 2012
Awesome inteview with Condoleeza Rice..
http://wn.com/Condoleeza_Rice_Interview
Condoleezza Rice 'No Higher Honor' interview for Newsmax
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:10
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Rice for President groups.yahoo.com (Yahoo) www.facebook.com (Facebook) Condi videos - www.youtube.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Ron Kessler for Newsmax interviews Condoleezza Rice about her new book "No Higher Honor, A Memoir of My Years in Washington". Topics discussed include - Iran nuclear weapons program, Pakistan, 9 Saddam Hussein, Iraq, President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary Colin Powell, Middle East revolutions, Afghanistan, Republican Primaries for Presidential nomination More detailed video details on this newsmax webpage - www.newsmax.com Video uploaded by Peter Dow for Rice for President Yahoo Group
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_'No_Higher_Honor'_interview_for_Newsmax
Rice for President groups.yahoo.com (Yahoo) www.facebook.com (Facebook) Condi videos - www.youtube.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Ron Kessler for Newsmax interviews Condoleezza Rice about her new book "No Higher Honor, A Memoir of My Years in Washington". Topics discussed include - Iran nuclear weapons program, Pakistan, 9 Saddam Hussein, Iraq, President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary Colin Powell, Middle East revolutions, Afghanistan, Republican Primaries for Presidential nomination More detailed video details on this newsmax webpage - www.newsmax.com Video uploaded by Peter Dow for Rice for President Yahoo Group
- published: 16 Nov 2011
- views: 1194
- author: SecretaryRice
Stanford Football : Chase Beeler interviews Condoleezza Rice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:45
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Fifth-year senior Stanford Football center Chase Beeler sits down with Prof. Condoleezza Rice to discuss Stanford Athletics values, highlights and scholar-athletes.
http://wn.com/Stanford_Football_Chase_Beeler_interviews_Condoleezza_Rice
Fifth-year senior Stanford Football center Chase Beeler sits down with Prof. Condoleezza Rice to discuss Stanford Athletics values, highlights and scholar-athletes.
- published: 02 Jun 2011
- views: 3047
- author: stanfordathletics
Secretary Condoleezza Rice interviewed for the BBC 2005. (1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:21
- Updated: 25 Aug 2010
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http On Sunday, 06 February, 2005, David Frost interviewed Condoleezza Rice, US Secretary of State. Transcript on this BBC web page - news.bbc.co.uk (Continues in Part 2) uk.youtube.com ------- 60 plus more Condi videos by this author on YouTube - www.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST NOT be anti-Condi because they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Discuss on the For Freedom Forum scot.bravehost.com All videos by Peter Dow - www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Secretary_Condoleezza_Rice_interviewed_for_the_BBC_2005_1
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http On Sunday, 06 February, 2005, David Frost interviewed Condoleezza Rice, US Secretary of State. Transcript on this BBC web page - news.bbc.co.uk (Continues in Part 2) uk.youtube.com ------- 60 plus more Condi videos by this author on YouTube - www.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST NOT be anti-Condi because they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Discuss on the For Freedom Forum scot.bravehost.com All videos by Peter Dow - www.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jun 2008
- views: 2765
- author: CondiTV1
Condoleeza Rice Interview with Greta Van Susteren on Fox News - 10/24/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:25
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
see more at uneditedpolitics.com
http://wn.com/Condoleeza_Rice_Interview_with_Greta_Van_Susteren_on_Fox_News_10_24_12
Condoleezza Rice interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer. 1) Iran
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Updated: 24 Sep 2011
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com Peter Dow's website - scot.tk For Freedom Forums - http Secretary Condoleezza Rice Washington, DC July 18, 2008 Interview uploaded in 3 parts. (1) Iran. (This video) (2) Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine-Israel - uk.youtube.com (3) Rice for VP - uk.youtube.com The full transcript of the interview is here - www.state.gov ----------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.bravehost.com All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_interview_with_CNN's_Wolf_Blitzer_1_Iran
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com Peter Dow's website - scot.tk For Freedom Forums - http Secretary Condoleezza Rice Washington, DC July 18, 2008 Interview uploaded in 3 parts. (1) Iran. (This video) (2) Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine-Israel - uk.youtube.com (3) Rice for VP - uk.youtube.com The full transcript of the interview is here - www.state.gov ----------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.bravehost.com All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jul 2008
- views: 3336
- author: GIULIANIvsRICE
Condi Rice interview about Iraq by Katie Couric
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 30 Mar 2012
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http July 12, 2007. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice interviewed for CBS Evening News by Katie Couric discusses Iraq. Q. Improving basic services for Iraqi people? Q. Prime Minister Maliki warrants support? Q. Popular support for American policy in Iraq?+ closing musical tribute to "Condi of Liberty". (2 mins 35 secs, YouTube) ------- More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www ...
http://wn.com/Condi_Rice_interview_about_Iraq_by_Katie_Couric
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http July 12, 2007. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice interviewed for CBS Evening News by Katie Couric discusses Iraq. Q. Improving basic services for Iraqi people? Q. Prime Minister Maliki warrants support? Q. Popular support for American policy in Iraq?+ closing musical tribute to "Condi of Liberty". (2 mins 35 secs, YouTube) ------- More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www ...
- published: 10 Sep 2007
- views: 7026
- author: CondiTV1
Condoleezza Rice interviewed by Blitzer. 3) Rice for VP?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 21 Aug 2012
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com Peter Dow's website - scot.tk For Freedom Forums - http Secretary Condoleezza Rice Washington, DC July 18, 2008 Interview uploaded in 3 parts. (1) Iran - uk.youtube.com (2) Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine-Israel - uk.youtube.com (3) Rice for VP (This video) This is part (3). The full transcript of the interview is here - www.state.gov ----------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.bravehost.com All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_interviewed_by_Blitzer_3_Rice_for_VP?
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com Peter Dow's website - scot.tk For Freedom Forums - http Secretary Condoleezza Rice Washington, DC July 18, 2008 Interview uploaded in 3 parts. (1) Iran - uk.youtube.com (2) Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine-Israel - uk.youtube.com (3) Rice for VP (This video) This is part (3). The full transcript of the interview is here - www.state.gov ----------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.bravehost.com All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jul 2008
- views: 4704
- author: GIULIANIvsRICE
Condoleezza Rice In Studio Interview - Part 1, 11/07/11.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:36
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Former Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice was in studio discussing her book and several other topics. Follow the Steve Gill Show on: Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com or @SteveGillShow Online @ www.gillreport.com.
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_In_Studio_Interview_Part_1,_11_07_11
Former Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice was in studio discussing her book and several other topics. Follow the Steve Gill Show on: Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com or @SteveGillShow Online @ www.gillreport.com.
- published: 07 Nov 2011
- views: 483
- author: stevegillshow
Secretary Condoleezza Rice interviewed for the BBC 2005. (2)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 11 Mar 2012
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http On Sunday, 06 February, 2005, David Frost interviewed Condoleezza Rice, US Secretary of State. Part 2. Transcript on this BBC web page - news.bbc.co.uk This is continued from Part 1 - uk.youtube.com ------- 60 plus more Condi videos by this author on YouTube - www.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST NOT be anti-Condi because they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Discuss on the For Freedom Forum scot.bravehost.com All videos by Peter Dow - www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Secretary_Condoleezza_Rice_interviewed_for_the_BBC_2005_2
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http On Sunday, 06 February, 2005, David Frost interviewed Condoleezza Rice, US Secretary of State. Part 2. Transcript on this BBC web page - news.bbc.co.uk This is continued from Part 1 - uk.youtube.com ------- 60 plus more Condi videos by this author on YouTube - www.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST NOT be anti-Condi because they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Discuss on the For Freedom Forum scot.bravehost.com All videos by Peter Dow - www.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jun 2008
- views: 1808
- author: CondiTV1
Condoleeza Rice Interview at the Woods Golf Tournament July, 2007
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Updated: 23 Oct 2012
Sgt. Brian Buckwalter, USMC, interviews Condoleeza Rice at the Tiger Woods Golf Tournament July, 2007.
http://wn.com/Condoleeza_Rice_Interview_at_the_Woods_Golf_Tournament_July,_2007
Sgt. Brian Buckwalter, USMC, interviews Condoleeza Rice at the Tiger Woods Golf Tournament July, 2007.
- published: 14 Jul 2012
- views: 608
- author: WPville
Condoleezza Rice In Studio Interview - Part 2, 11/07/11.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:12
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Former Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice was in studio discussing her book and several other topics. Follow the Steve Gill Show on: Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com or @SteveGillShow Online @ www.gillreport.com.
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_In_Studio_Interview_Part_2,_11_07_11
Former Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice was in studio discussing her book and several other topics. Follow the Steve Gill Show on: Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com or @SteveGillShow Online @ www.gillreport.com.
- published: 08 Nov 2011
- views: 311
- author: stevegillshow
Interview with Thandie Newton - She talks Condoleezza Rice, RockNrolla & More
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:31
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
Interview with Thandie Newton. Presented by Irish movie site www.Movies.ie hosted by Paul Byrne. Here Thandie talks about the new Guy Richie movie RockNrolla, his wife Madonna, England, Gangster movies and playing condoleezza rice in the upcoming George Bush movie W from director Oliver Stone and more... Movies.ie also brings you Daily movie news, cinema times, blogs, forums and more.
http://wn.com/Interview_with_Thandie_Newton_She_talks_Condoleezza_Rice,_RockNrolla_More
Interview with Thandie Newton. Presented by Irish movie site www.Movies.ie hosted by Paul Byrne. Here Thandie talks about the new Guy Richie movie RockNrolla, his wife Madonna, England, Gangster movies and playing condoleezza rice in the upcoming George Bush movie W from director Oliver Stone and more... Movies.ie also brings you Daily movie news, cinema times, blogs, forums and more.
- published: 05 Sep 2008
- views: 12126
- author: moviesireland
This Week: Interview with Condoleezza Rice
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:53
- Updated: 08 Jan 2013
Belva Davis talks with the former Secretary of State about her new book, her mothers battle with breast cancer, and her time in the Bush administration. The interview was taped at an event presented by Friends of Faith, Inc., an organization that provides support to women diagnosed with breast cancer -- especially uninsured and underserved women.
http://wn.com/This_Week_Interview_with_Condoleezza_Rice
Belva Davis talks with the former Secretary of State about her new book, her mothers battle with breast cancer, and her time in the Bush administration. The interview was taped at an event presented by Friends of Faith, Inc., an organization that provides support to women diagnosed with breast cancer -- especially uninsured and underserved women.
- published: 01 May 2010
- views: 2106
- author: KQEDondemand
Interview: Condoleezza Rice at The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:27
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
An interview with former Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice at The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation on July 14, 2009. For more information on the ongoing works of President Reagan's Foundation, visit us at www.reaganfoundation.org
http://wn.com/Interview_Condoleezza_Rice_at_The_Ronald_Reagan_Presidential_Foundation
An interview with former Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice at The Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation on July 14, 2009. For more information on the ongoing works of President Reagan's Foundation, visit us at www.reaganfoundation.org
- published: 15 Jul 2009
- views: 3453
- author: ReaganFoundation
Condoleezza Rice interviewed in Tampa for hockey, the Super Bowl & golf
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 20 May 2012
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http The former Secretary of State winds down in Tampa. Hockey. The Super Bowl. Appearing on The View. President Bush. Google gossip. America doing what is right. Respecting successor's chance with the reins. ------- 60 plus more Condi videos by this author on YouTube - www.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST NOT be anti-Condi because they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - Discuss on the For Freedom Forum scot.bravehost.com All videos by Peter Dow - www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_interviewed_in_Tampa_for_hockey,_the_Super_Bowl_golf
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http The former Secretary of State winds down in Tampa. Hockey. The Super Bowl. Appearing on The View. President Bush. Google gossip. America doing what is right. Respecting successor's chance with the reins. ------- 60 plus more Condi videos by this author on YouTube - www.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST NOT be anti-Condi because they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - Discuss on the For Freedom Forum scot.bravehost.com All videos by Peter Dow - www.youtube.com
- published: 03 Feb 2009
- views: 2355
- author: CondiTV1
Condoleezza Rice interviewed on Australian TV
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:56
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
Condoleezza Rice talked on Australia's ABC TV while she and President Bush visited in September 2007. This appears in black and white because of something weird with my software but it doesn't really matter. In fact it's quite quaint! This is a good little interview from a forign perspective.
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_interviewed_on_Australian_TV
Condoleezza Rice talked on Australia's ABC TV while she and President Bush visited in September 2007. This appears in black and white because of something weird with my software but it doesn't really matter. In fact it's quite quaint! This is a good little interview from a forign perspective.
- published: 05 Sep 2007
- views: 3692
- author: Henry O'Donovan
Condoleeza Rice interview with Nadia Bilbassy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:46
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
http://wn.com/Condoleeza_Rice_interview_with_Nadia_Bilbassy
Condoleezza Rice 'No Higher Honour' Remembrance & Veterans Day interview on BBC
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:40
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
Rice for President groups.yahoo.com (Yahoo) www.facebook.com (Facebook) Condi videos - www.youtube.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Dr. Condoleezza Rice is interviewed by the BBC's Andrew Marr on 11th November 2011 for a broadcast on Sunday 13th November discussing her new memoir 'No Higher Honour' 'No Higher Honor' of her service in the US administration of President George W. Bush as firstly, National Security Advisor & secondly, Secretary of State. Topics include - the loss of life and sacrifice in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Winning for freedom and democracy takes time. Iran nuclear weapons - tougher sanctions now and military force real option on the table to change Iranian nuclear weapons policy and regime. Divisions with Vice President Dick Cheney. Strong opinions around the President. Iraq planning - Pentagon could have done better after the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime. Treatment of terrorist suspects tough to prevent next attack. Worries about Pakistan failing to deal with extremists with its institutions. Concern about American leadership. Security scare botulinum toxin 'likely we would die'. 'mice feet down' - fine, 'mice feet up' - toast. Psychological stress of times. Political future and running for office. Video uploaded for Rice for President Yahoo Group by Peter Dow. Note although the audio here is as broadcast by the BBC, the video has been edited to include views which show Condi's book "No Higher Honour" beside a TV screen. The book though ...
http://wn.com/Condoleezza_Rice_'No_Higher_Honour'_Remembrance_Veterans_Day_interview_on_BBC
Rice for President groups.yahoo.com (Yahoo) www.facebook.com (Facebook) Condi videos - www.youtube.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Dr. Condoleezza Rice is interviewed by the BBC's Andrew Marr on 11th November 2011 for a broadcast on Sunday 13th November discussing her new memoir 'No Higher Honour' 'No Higher Honor' of her service in the US administration of President George W. Bush as firstly, National Security Advisor & secondly, Secretary of State. Topics include - the loss of life and sacrifice in the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Winning for freedom and democracy takes time. Iran nuclear weapons - tougher sanctions now and military force real option on the table to change Iranian nuclear weapons policy and regime. Divisions with Vice President Dick Cheney. Strong opinions around the President. Iraq planning - Pentagon could have done better after the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime. Treatment of terrorist suspects tough to prevent next attack. Worries about Pakistan failing to deal with extremists with its institutions. Concern about American leadership. Security scare botulinum toxin 'likely we would die'. 'mice feet down' - fine, 'mice feet up' - toast. Psychological stress of times. Political future and running for office. Video uploaded for Rice for President Yahoo Group by Peter Dow. Note although the audio here is as broadcast by the BBC, the video has been edited to include views which show Condi's book "No Higher Honour" beside a TV screen. The book though ...
- published: 15 Nov 2011
- views: 370
- author: SecretaryRice
44:28
Dr. Condoleezza Rice Interview
I love this interview with her, it really shows her warm and positive personality....
published: 18 Jul 2012
author: GooberTheUncouth
Dr. Condoleezza Rice Interview
I love this interview with her, it really shows her warm and positive personality.
- published: 18 Jul 2012
- views: 985
- author: GooberTheUncouth
9:12
Condoleezza Rice - True Believer. Interviewed for TV
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - h...
published: 05 Sep 2007
author: riceforpresident
Condoleezza Rice - True Believer. Interviewed for TV
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http Condi interviewed by CBS's Katie Couric. Growing up in Alabama. Democracy for Iraq. Condi on the piano. Condi's social life. ---------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - uk.groups.yahoo.com More (60+)Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.tk All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com Peter Dow is the author of the Scottish National Standard Bearer website scot.tk
- published: 05 Sep 2007
- views: 82466
- author: riceforpresident
8:23
Condoleezza Rice Interview On Live With Regis & Kelly 10/12/2010
Condoleezza Rice vists Live With Regis & Kelly on October 12, 2010...
published: 12 Oct 2010
author: EdwinTV32
Condoleezza Rice Interview On Live With Regis & Kelly 10/12/2010
Condoleezza Rice vists Live With Regis & Kelly on October 12, 2010
- published: 12 Oct 2010
- views: 11898
- author: EdwinTV32
11:08
Condi Rice Interview with Lawrence O'Donnell
She's still a class act....
published: 07 May 2011
author: mollesjohn
Condi Rice Interview with Lawrence O'Donnell
She's still a class act.
- published: 07 May 2011
- views: 6409
- author: mollesjohn
21:29
Condoleeza Rice Interview
Awesome inteview with Condoleeza Rice.....
published: 15 Sep 2012
author: GooberTheUncouth
Condoleeza Rice Interview
Awesome inteview with Condoleeza Rice..
- published: 15 Sep 2012
- views: 263
- author: GooberTheUncouth
12:10
Condoleezza Rice 'No Higher Honor' interview for Newsmax
Rice for President groups.yahoo.com (Yahoo) www.facebook.com (Facebook) Condi videos - www...
published: 16 Nov 2011
author: SecretaryRice
Condoleezza Rice 'No Higher Honor' interview for Newsmax
Rice for President groups.yahoo.com (Yahoo) www.facebook.com (Facebook) Condi videos - www.youtube.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Ron Kessler for Newsmax interviews Condoleezza Rice about her new book "No Higher Honor, A Memoir of My Years in Washington". Topics discussed include - Iran nuclear weapons program, Pakistan, 9 Saddam Hussein, Iraq, President George W. Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary Colin Powell, Middle East revolutions, Afghanistan, Republican Primaries for Presidential nomination More detailed video details on this newsmax webpage - www.newsmax.com Video uploaded by Peter Dow for Rice for President Yahoo Group
- published: 16 Nov 2011
- views: 1194
- author: SecretaryRice
17:45
Stanford Football : Chase Beeler interviews Condoleezza Rice
Fifth-year senior Stanford Football center Chase Beeler sits down with Prof. Condoleezza R...
published: 02 Jun 2011
author: stanfordathletics
Stanford Football : Chase Beeler interviews Condoleezza Rice
Fifth-year senior Stanford Football center Chase Beeler sits down with Prof. Condoleezza Rice to discuss Stanford Athletics values, highlights and scholar-athletes.
- published: 02 Jun 2011
- views: 3047
- author: stanfordathletics
9:21
Secretary Condoleezza Rice interviewed for the BBC 2005. (1)
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - h...
published: 21 Jun 2008
author: CondiTV1
Secretary Condoleezza Rice interviewed for the BBC 2005. (1)
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http On Sunday, 06 February, 2005, David Frost interviewed Condoleezza Rice, US Secretary of State. Transcript on this BBC web page - news.bbc.co.uk (Continues in Part 2) uk.youtube.com ------- 60 plus more Condi videos by this author on YouTube - www.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST NOT be anti-Condi because they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Discuss on the For Freedom Forum scot.bravehost.com All videos by Peter Dow - www.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jun 2008
- views: 2765
- author: CondiTV1
8:25
Condoleeza Rice Interview with Greta Van Susteren on Fox News - 10/24/12
see more at uneditedpolitics.com...
published: 25 Oct 2012
author: uneditedpolitics
Condoleeza Rice Interview with Greta Van Susteren on Fox News - 10/24/12
see more at uneditedpolitics.com
- published: 25 Oct 2012
- views: 576
- author: uneditedpolitics
9:59
Condoleezza Rice interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer. 1) Iran
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com Peter Dow's website - scot.tk For Freedom Forums - h...
published: 21 Jul 2008
author: GIULIANIvsRICE
Condoleezza Rice interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer. 1) Iran
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com Peter Dow's website - scot.tk For Freedom Forums - http Secretary Condoleezza Rice Washington, DC July 18, 2008 Interview uploaded in 3 parts. (1) Iran. (This video) (2) Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine-Israel - uk.youtube.com (3) Rice for VP - uk.youtube.com The full transcript of the interview is here - www.state.gov ----------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.bravehost.com All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jul 2008
- views: 3336
- author: GIULIANIvsRICE
2:36
Condi Rice interview about Iraq by Katie Couric
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - h...
published: 10 Sep 2007
author: CondiTV1
Condi Rice interview about Iraq by Katie Couric
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http July 12, 2007. US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice interviewed for CBS Evening News by Katie Couric discusses Iraq. Q. Improving basic services for Iraqi people? Q. Prime Minister Maliki warrants support? Q. Popular support for American policy in Iraq?+ closing musical tribute to "Condi of Liberty". (2 mins 35 secs, YouTube) ------- More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www ...
- published: 10 Sep 2007
- views: 7026
- author: CondiTV1
3:01
Condoleezza Rice interviewed by Blitzer. 3) Rice for VP?
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com Peter Dow's website - scot.tk For Freedom Forums - h...
published: 21 Jul 2008
author: GIULIANIvsRICE
Condoleezza Rice interviewed by Blitzer. 3) Rice for VP?
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com Peter Dow's website - scot.tk For Freedom Forums - http Secretary Condoleezza Rice Washington, DC July 18, 2008 Interview uploaded in 3 parts. (1) Iran - uk.youtube.com (2) Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine-Israel - uk.youtube.com (3) Rice for VP (This video) This is part (3). The full transcript of the interview is here - www.state.gov ----------------------- Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi More (60+) Condi videos by this author - Peter Dow For Condi (YouTube group) uk.youtube.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST be pro-Condi or they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Link to the For Freedom Forums. scot.bravehost.com All YouTube videos by this author. Peter Dow TV - uk.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jul 2008
- views: 4704
- author: GIULIANIvsRICE
7:36
Condoleezza Rice In Studio Interview - Part 1, 11/07/11.
Former Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice was in studio discussing her book and several other ...
published: 07 Nov 2011
author: stevegillshow
Condoleezza Rice In Studio Interview - Part 1, 11/07/11.
Former Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice was in studio discussing her book and several other topics. Follow the Steve Gill Show on: Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com or @SteveGillShow Online @ www.gillreport.com.
- published: 07 Nov 2011
- views: 483
- author: stevegillshow
5:16
Secretary Condoleezza Rice interviewed for the BBC 2005. (2)
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - h...
published: 21 Jun 2008
author: CondiTV1
Secretary Condoleezza Rice interviewed for the BBC 2005. (2)
Rice for President - groups.yahoo.com For Freedom Forums - figh.tk Peter Dow's website - http On Sunday, 06 February, 2005, David Frost interviewed Condoleezza Rice, US Secretary of State. Part 2. Transcript on this BBC web page - news.bbc.co.uk This is continued from Part 1 - uk.youtube.com ------- 60 plus more Condi videos by this author on YouTube - www.youtube.com Please subscribe to the following Rice for President channels on YouTube - riceforpresident uk.youtube.com condiTV1 uk.youtube.com GIULIANIvsRICE uk.youtube.com SuperCondi uk.youtube.com WeLoveCondi uk.youtube.com ElvisSingsCondi uk.youtube.com DumpPalin uk.youtube.com Rice for President Yahoo Group - groups.yahoo.com - for supporters of Condi Who is Condi to me? See the videos linked to from the group description of "Empress Condoleezza Rice" - (Adults only group) uk.groups.yahoo.com Comments posted on this condiTV page MUST NOT be anti-Condi because they will be removed! However, Condistas are all for free speech, so if you've something more robust or critical to say then please take it to - CONDI GROUP on YouTube - "Condi videos of all kinds. Condi in the news. Secretary of State. Draft Condi 2008. Funny or hard-hitting satire or impressions. Or even just video or audio discussing something that Condi talks about a lot - like "What should our Iraq strategy be?" www.youtube.com Or Discuss on the For Freedom Forum scot.bravehost.com All videos by Peter Dow - www.youtube.com
- published: 21 Jun 2008
- views: 1808
- author: CondiTV1
Vimeo results:
2:47
Newest Miss Representation Trailer (2011 Sundance Film Festival Official Selection)
Find a screening: http://www.missrepresentation.org
Join the movement: http://facebook.com...
published: 20 Jan 2011
author: Miss Representation
Newest Miss Representation Trailer (2011 Sundance Film Festival Official Selection)
Find a screening: http://www.missrepresentation.org
Join the movement: http://facebook.com/missrepresentationcampaign
Spread the word: http://twitter.com/representpledge
Miss Representation explores women’s under-representation in positions of power and influence and challenges the limited and often disparaging portrayals of women in media. Writer/Director Jennifer Siebel Newsom brings together some of America’s most influential thought leaders in politics, news, entertainment, and academia, including Condoleezza Rice, Katie Couric, Geena Davis, Lisa Ling, Marissa Mayer, Cory Booker, Jean Kilbourne, and Jackson Katz, to give us an inside look at the media’s messaging. As one of the most persuasive and pervasive forces of communication in our culture, mainstream media is educating yet another generation that a woman’s primary value lies in her youth, beauty and sexuality—not in her capacity as a leader. Miss Representation premieres Saturday January 22 in the documentary competition at Sundance Film Festival and then travels to the Athena Film Festival in New York City February 12.
3:42
Kanye West - Cold ft. DJ Khaled (Explicit) NEW * Theraflu *
Directed by @Ash_Innovator
*Executive Producer: CiEsta!
*Kanye: Caleb Harper
*Rock Star: J...
published: 19 Apr 2012
author: Ashley Smith Films
Kanye West - Cold ft. DJ Khaled (Explicit) NEW * Theraflu *
Directed by @Ash_Innovator
*Executive Producer: CiEsta!
*Kanye: Caleb Harper
*Rock Star: Jasmin Marilena
*Ronald Regan: Matt DeCoster
*Laura Bush: Miatta Smith
*George Bush: Dan Parilis
*Condoleezza Rice: Jennifer Scott
*Donald Trump: Andrew Hsu
*Sarah Palin: U-U Lalibela
*Cinematographer: @Ash_Innovator
*1st Assistant Camera: Matt Manning
*2nd Assistant Camera: Aimee Thomas
*Behind The Scenes: Genevievee Evans
*Assistant Director: U-U Lalibela
*Gaffer: Charles Baker
*Grip: Dave
*Grip: Genevievee Evans
*Digital Imaging Technician: Aimee Thomas
*Makeup: MUA Cheri
*Hair: Roz_Alyn
*Wardrobe: U-U Lalibela
*Production Designer: CiEsta!
*Editor: Matt Manning
*Accessories: Tina Catherine Eyewear+Opticians
*Equipment: Alex Resnikoff
*Special Thanks to Miatta Smith & Peter Darmi
0:07
Condoleezza Rice
"The United States and Israel share much in common; we both affirm the innate freedom and ...
published: 22 Jun 2011
author: AIPAC
Condoleezza Rice
"The United States and Israel share much in common; we both affirm the innate freedom and dignity of every human life."
1:26
Condoleezza Rice visits UM
Former U.S. Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice, visited the University of Miami to prese...
published: 11 Nov 2011
author: UMTV School of Communication
Condoleezza Rice visits UM
Former U.S. Secretary of State, Condoleezza Rice, visited the University of Miami to present her White House memoir, No Higher Honor. The book is one of the latest biographies from an official under the Bush administration. In her visit, Dr. Rice talked about life at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, international diplomacy and much more. By UMTV's Nicola Facchin.
Youtube results:
4:15
Condoleeza Rice Interview at the Woods Golf Tournament July, 2007
Sgt. Brian Buckwalter, USMC, interviews Condoleeza Rice at the Tiger Woods Golf Tournament...
published: 14 Jul 2012
author: WPville
Condoleeza Rice Interview at the Woods Golf Tournament July, 2007
Sgt. Brian Buckwalter, USMC, interviews Condoleeza Rice at the Tiger Woods Golf Tournament July, 2007.
- published: 14 Jul 2012
- views: 608
- author: WPville
10:12
Condoleezza Rice In Studio Interview - Part 2, 11/07/11.
Former Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice was in studio discussing her book and several other ...
published: 08 Nov 2011
author: stevegillshow
Condoleezza Rice In Studio Interview - Part 2, 11/07/11.
Former Sec. of State Condoleezza Rice was in studio discussing her book and several other topics. Follow the Steve Gill Show on: Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com or @SteveGillShow Online @ www.gillreport.com.
- published: 08 Nov 2011
- views: 311
- author: stevegillshow
3:31
Interview with Thandie Newton - She talks Condoleezza Rice, RockNrolla & More
Interview with Thandie Newton. Presented by Irish movie site www.Movies.ie hosted by Paul ...
published: 05 Sep 2008
author: moviesireland
Interview with Thandie Newton - She talks Condoleezza Rice, RockNrolla & More
Interview with Thandie Newton. Presented by Irish movie site www.Movies.ie hosted by Paul Byrne. Here Thandie talks about the new Guy Richie movie RockNrolla, his wife Madonna, England, Gangster movies and playing condoleezza rice in the upcoming George Bush movie W from director Oliver Stone and more... Movies.ie also brings you Daily movie news, cinema times, blogs, forums and more.
- published: 05 Sep 2008
- views: 12126
- author: moviesireland
14:53
This Week: Interview with Condoleezza Rice
Belva Davis talks with the former Secretary of State about her new book, her mothers battl...
published: 01 May 2010
author: KQEDondemand
This Week: Interview with Condoleezza Rice
Belva Davis talks with the former Secretary of State about her new book, her mothers battle with breast cancer, and her time in the Bush administration. The interview was taped at an event presented by Friends of Faith, Inc., an organization that provides support to women diagnosed with breast cancer -- especially uninsured and underserved women.
- published: 01 May 2010
- views: 2106
- author: KQEDondemand
photo: AP / Chris Carlson
13 Feb 2013
Investigators have found charred human remains in a burned out cabin in the mountains above Los Angeles following a fiery standoff with a gunman suspected to be a fugitive former Los Angeles police officer, authorities said. The San Bernardino County Sheriff's department said that identification of the remains would be attempted using forensic analysis ... The tension heightened as the day wore on, and local schools were locked down ... ....(size: 7.1Kb)
photo: UN / Evan Schneider
13 Feb 2013
The UN Security Council has promised action against North Korea over its third nuclear test, calling it a clear threat to international security. At an emergency meeting, the UN said it would begin work on measures to halt the North's nuclear ambitions. The US called the test highly provocative, while China, Pyongyang's sole key ally, said it was strongly dissatisfied ... Continue reading the main story Analysis ... 'Serious threat'....(size: 4.2Kb)
photo: AP / Los Angeles Police Department
11 Feb 2013
A San Bernardino County sheriff's deputy searches a home for Christopher Dorner, a former police officer, on Sunday in Big Bear Lake, Calif. (Jae C. Hong, The Associated Press) ... "We will not tolerate anyone undermining the security of the community," Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa said at a news conference. "We will not tolerate this reign of terror." ... "He has targeted those we entrust to protect the public." ... Copyright 2012 The Denver Post ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: White House / Pete Souza
13 Feb 2013
Washington - President Barack Obama brought the wounds inflicted by the recent spate of shooting deaths to Congress on Tuesday, ending his State of the Union address with an emotional plea for tougher gun control. Speaking for victims' relatives and gun crime survivors among the guests attending the joint session of Congress, he demanded their voices be heard amid the raucous debate triggered by a spate of bloody mass shootings ... - AFP....(size: 15.2Kb)
photo: AP / Lee Jin-man
12 Feb 2013
A magnitude 5.1 “artificial earthquake” was reported near a nuclear test site in North Korea on Tuesday morning, with South Korean Defence Ministry officials telling local media that the seismic activity was the result of a third nuclear test conducted by the reclusive state ... The reported test has, however, not yet been confirmed by North Korean State media ... The move is set to heighten regional tensions ... Keywords....(size: 3.4Kb)
Huffington Post
13 Feb 2013
Bush staff members, Counselor to the President Karen Hughes (L), Senior Political Advisor to the President Karl Rove (2nd L), National Security Advisor to the President Condoleezza Rice (2nd R), and Presidential Spokesman Ari Fleischer (R) hold their right hands up during a swearing-in ceremony of dozens of staff members in the East Room of the White House....(size: 9.1Kb)
Huffington Post
13 Feb 2013
Bush staff members, Counselor to the President Karen Hughes (L), Senior Political Advisor to the President Karl Rove (2nd L), National Security Advisor to the President Condoleezza Rice (2nd R), and Presidential Spokesman Ari Fleischer (R) hold their right hands up during a swearing-in ceremony of dozens of staff members in the East Room of the White House....(size: 9.2Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
13 Feb 2013
The BizWorld Foundation today announced plans to honor John Watson of Chevron and John Hennessy of Stanford at the 2013 BizWorld Awards Dinner ... The event will take place on April 11th at the Four Seasons Hotel in downtown San Francisco, and in attendance will be the Bay Area’s leading CEOs, VCs and business leaders. The event Chairman is John Stumpf, Chairman and CEO of Wells Fargo & Company, with Honorary Chair Condoleezza Rice ... Mr ... Mr....(size: 3.2Kb)
noodls
13 Feb 2013
(Source. President of the United States). Ed. note ... ... Mr ... Besides me and my lifelong friend, Marion Guyton (former Attorney with the Justice Department), others who benefitted from these highly regarded public school teachers include former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, University of Maryland Baltimore County President Freeman Hrabowski, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute president, Shirley Jackson. ....(size: 5.9Kb)
The Business Review
12 Feb 2013
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is reportedly forming a bipartisan group on immigration reform at Stanford ... While the immigration reform debate , former Secretary of State and Stanford professor Condoleezza Rice is aiming to ensure that Silicon Valley isn't lost in the shuffle. Rice will co-chair a new federal immigration taskforce with ......(size: 3.7Kb)
Sacramento Bee
12 Feb 2013
11, 2013 -- /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- The Bipartisan Policy Center (BPC) is creating a high-level bipartisan task force on immigration - co-chaired by former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, former HUD Secretary Henry Cisneros, and former Governors Haley Barbour and Ed Rendell - to develop a politically viable package of policy recommendations and work with Congress to help pass immigration reform. ....(size: 3.3Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
12 Feb 2013
Tonight President Obama delivers his State of the Union to a joint chamber of Congress. He will focus on the economy and more. He will say the state of our union is strong. He will probably disappoint liberals. There will be Rubio. There will be Rand. There will be Nugent. Follow the address right here beginning with pre-speech coverage at 8 p.m ... RELATED. A Visual Recap of the State of the Union ... Condoleezza Rice Is a Popular VP Choice ... … ... … ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
The Examiner
12 Feb 2013
Tweet. 0 Email. Report. Photo 1 of 2. The Warriors unveiled their alternate uniforms Feb. 11. The Warriors unveiled their alternate uniforms Feb. 11. More >You might also like. Condoleezza Rice hits spectator in the head at event. 2 Photos. Actor on school board. 'Breaking Bad' actor wins a seat on the school board. 4 Photos. 'Survivor. Caramoan Fans vs Favorites'. Complete 2013 cast list revealed. 20 Photos ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
Huffington Post
12 Feb 2013
BOSTON — A businessman and former U.S. Navy SEAL has officially launched his campaign for John Kerry's U.S. Senate seat ... Gomez is a newcomer to state politics. Norfolk state Rep ... On the Democratic side, U.S. Reps ... Department Of State</a>) Condoleezza Rice (2005-09). Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice talks about the State Department's 2007 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices during a March 11, 2008 briefing in Washington ... ....(size: 9.7Kb)
noodls
12 Feb 2013
(Source. Montana State University System). February 12, 2013 ... 5, and kick off the university's Year of Engaged Leadership ... Martel, who lives in Saskatchewan, has published six books of fiction ... Martel's lecture will be MSU's seventh freshman convocation. Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice spoke before more than 8,000 members of the MSU and Bozeman community at MSU's 2012 Freshman Convocation ... distributed by....(size: 3.5Kb)
Fox News
12 Feb 2013
FILE. Oct. 28, 2009. President Obama meets with Chuck Hagel, then co-chairman of the president's Intelligence Advisory Board.Reuters ... Apprised by Fox News of the two speaking dates from 2008, however, the official appeared not to have heard about them ... Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice “have a lot of blood on their hands for remaining silent and for re-arming Israel which allows the slaughter [of Arabs] to continue.” ... ....(size: 7.2Kb)
The New York Times
12 Feb 2013
He is the fourth living American soldier from the Afghanistan war to receive the honor, Mark Landler reports ... He will answer questions about his State of the Union address in the Thursday Hangout ... . . The Caucus. Previous Post Senate Votes Against Stripping Tribal Land Provision From Domestic Violence Measure. Search This Blog ... Two Republicans (Haley Barbour and Condoleezza Rice) and two Democrats (Henry Cisneros and Edward G ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)
The New York Times
12 Feb 2013
Increasingly, for Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New York, all politics are national. With a deadline for issuing guidelines for hydraulic fracturing in New York State approaching at the end of February, a group of organizations opposed to the practice are running an ad about him in … Iowa ... The closing line ... Mr ... Hickenlooper of Colorado. (Gov ... Two Republicans (Haley Barbour and Condoleezza Rice) and two Democrats (Henry Cisneros and Edward G ... ....(size: 6.4Kb)
| Condoleezza Rice | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 66th United States Secretary of State | |
| In office January 26, 2005 – January 20, 2009 |
|
| President | George W. Bush |
| Deputy | Richard Armitage Robert Zoellick John Negroponte |
| Preceded by | Colin Powell |
| Succeeded by | Hillary Rodham Clinton |
| 20th United States National Security Advisor | |
| In office January 20, 2001 – January 26, 2005 |
|
| President | George W. Bush |
| Deputy | Stephen Hadley |
| Preceded by | Sandy Berger |
| Succeeded by | Stephen Hadley |
| Provost of Stanford University | |
| In office 1993–1999 |
|
| Preceded by | Gerald Lieberman |
| Succeeded by | John Hennessy |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1954-11-14) November 14, 1954 (age 57) Birmingham, Alabama, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Alma mater | University of Denver University of Notre Dame |
| Signature |  |
Condoleezza Rice ( /ˌkɒndəˈliːzə/; born November 14, 1954) is an American political scientist and diplomat. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, and was the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush. Rice was the first female African-American secretary of state, as well as the second African American (after Colin Powell), and the second woman (after Madeleine Albright). Rice was President Bush's National Security Advisor during his first term, making her the first woman to serve in that position. Before joining the Bush administration, she was a professor of political science at Stanford University where she served as Provost from 1993 to 1999. Rice also served on the National Security Council as the Soviet and East European Affairs Advisor to President George H.W. Bush during the dissolution of the Soviet Union and German reunification.
Following her confirmation as Secretary of State, Rice pioneered the policy of Transformational Diplomacy, with a focus on democracy in the Greater Middle East. Her emphasis on supporting democratically elected governments faced challenges as Hamas captured a popular majority in Palestinian elections, and influential countries including Saudi Arabia and Egypt maintained authoritarian systems with U.S. support. While Secretary of State, she chaired the Millennium Challenge Corporation's board of directors.[1]
In March 2009, Rice returned to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution.[2][3] In September 2010, Rice became a faculty member of the Stanford Graduate School of Business and a director of its Global Center for Business and the Economy.[4]
Early life[link]
Rice was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the only child of Angelena (Ray) Rice, a high school science, music, and oratory teacher, and John Wesley Rice, Jr., a high school guidance counselor and Presbyterian minister.[5][6] Her name, Condoleezza, derives from the music-related term, con dolcezza, which in Italian means, "with sweetness". Rice has roots in the American South going back to the pre-Civil War era, and her ancestors worked as sharecroppers for a time after emancipation. Rice discovered on the PBS series Finding Your Roots that she shares maternal ancestry with the Tikar people of Cameroon. Rice grew up in the Titusville[citation needed] neighborhood at a time when the South was racially segregated.
Early education[link]
File:Condi as a College Student.jpg
Condoleezza Rice as an undergraduate student at the University of Denver
Rice began to learn French, music, figure skating and ballet at the age of three.[7] At the age of fifteen, she began piano classes with the goal of becoming a concert pianist.[8] While Rice ultimately did not become a professional pianist, she still practices often and plays with a chamber music group. She accompanied cellist Yo-Yo Ma playing Brahms's Violin Sonata in D Minor at Constitution Hall in April 2002 for the National Medal of Arts Awards.[9]
High school and university education[link]
In 1967, the family moved to Denver, Colorado. She attended St. Mary's Academy, an all-girls Catholic high school in Cherry Hills Village, Colorado, graduating in 1971. After studying piano at the Aspen Music Festival and School, Rice enrolled at the University of Denver, where her father was then serving as an assistant dean.
Rice's initial college major was piano, but after realizing she did not have the talent to play professionally, she began to consider an alternative major.[8][10] She attended an international politics course taught by Josef Korbel, which sparked her interest in the Soviet Union and international relations. Rice later described Korbel (who was the father of Madeleine Albright, a future U.S. Secretary of State), as a central figure in her life.[11]
In 1974, at age 19, Rice was inducted into the honor society Phi Beta Kappa, and was awarded a B.A., cum laude, in political science by the University of Denver. While at the University of Denver she was a member of Alpha Chi Omega, Gamma Delta chapter.[12] She obtained a master's degree in political science from the University of Notre Dame in 1975. She first worked in the State Department in 1977, during the Carter administration, as an intern in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. In 1981, at the age of 26, she received her Ph.D. in political science from the Josef Korbel School of International Studies at the University of Denver. Her dissertation centered on military policy and politics in what was then the communist state of Czechoslovakia.[13]
Early political views[link]
Rice was a Democrat until 1982, when she changed her political affiliation to Republican, in part because she disagreed with the foreign policy of Democratic President Jimmy Carter,[14][15] and because of the influence of her father, who was Republican. As she told the 2000 Republican National Convention, "My father joined our party because the Democrats in Jim Crow Alabama of 1952 would not register him to vote. The Republicans did."[16]
Academic career[link]
Rice was hired by Stanford University as an assistant professor of political science (1981–1987). She was promoted to associate professor in 1987, a post she held until 1993. She was a specialist on the Soviet Union and gave lectures on the subject for the Berkeley-Stanford joint program led by UC Berkeley Professor George Breslauer in the mid-1980s.
At a 1985 meeting of arms control experts at Stanford, Rice's performance drew the attention of Brent Scowcroft, who had served as National Security Advisor under Gerald Ford.[17] With the election of George H. W. Bush, Scowcroft returned to the White House as National Security Adviser in 1989, and he asked Rice to become his Soviet expert on the United States National Security Council. According to R. Nicholas Burns, President Bush was "captivated" by Rice, and relied heavily on her advice in his dealings with Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin.[17]
Because she would have been ineligible for tenure at Stanford if she had been absent for more than two years, she returned there in 1991. She was taken under the wing of George P. Shultz (Ronald Reagan's Secretary of State from 1982–1989), who was a fellow at the Hoover Institution. Shultz included Rice in a "luncheon club" of intellectuals who met every few weeks to discuss foreign affairs.[17] In 1992, Shultz, who was a board member of Chevron Corporation, recommended Rice for a spot on the Chevron board. Chevron was pursuing a $10 billion development project in Kazakhstan and, as a Soviet specialist, Rice knew the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev. She traveled to Kazakhstan on Chevron's behalf and, in honor of her work, in 1993, Chevron named a 129,000-ton supertanker SS Condoleezza Rice.[17] During this period, Rice was also appointed to the boards of Transamerica Corporation (1991) and Hewlett-Packard (1992).
At Stanford, in 1992, Rice volunteered to serve on the search committee to replace outgoing president Donald Kennedy. The committee ultimately recommended Gerhard Casper, the Provost of the University of Chicago. Casper met Rice during this search, and was so impressed that in 1993, he appointed her as Stanford's Provost, the chief budget and academic officer of the university in 1993[17] and she also was granted tenure and became full professor.[18] Rice was the first female, first minority, and youngest Provost in Stanford history.[19] She was also named a senior fellow of the Institute for International Studies, and a senior fellow (by courtesy) of the Hoover Institution.
Provost promotion[link]
Former Stanford President Gerhard Casper said the university was "most fortunate in persuading someone of Professor Rice's exceptional talents and proven ability in critical situations to take on this task. Everything she has done, she has done well; I have every confidence that she will continue that record as provost."[20] Acknowledging Rice's unique character, Casper told the New Yorker in 2002 that it "would be disingenuous for me to say that the fact that she was a woman, the fact that she was black and the fact that she was young weren't in my mind."[21]
Balancing school budget[link]
As Stanford's Provost, Rice was responsible for managing the university's multi-billion dollar budget. The school at that time was running a deficit of $20 million. When Rice took office, she promised that the budget deficit would be balanced within "two years." Coit Blacker, Stanford's deputy director of the Institute for International Studies, said there "was a sort of conventional wisdom that said it couldn't be done... that [the deficit] was structural, that we just had to live with it." Two years later, Rice announced that the deficit had been eliminated and the university was holding a record surplus of over $14.5 million.[22]
Special interest issues[link]
Rice drew protests when, as provost, she departed from the practice of applying affirmative action to tenure decisions and unsuccessfully sought to consolidate the university's ethnic community centers.[23]
Return to Stanford[link]
During a farewell interview in early December 2008, Rice indicated she would return to Stanford and the Hoover Institution, "back west of the Mississippi where I belong," but beyond writing and teaching did not specify what her role would be.[24] Rice's plans for a return to campus were elaborated in an interview with the Stanford Report in January 2009.[25] She returned to Stanford as a political science professor and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution on March 1, 2009.[26] As of 2012 she is on the Political Science faculty as a professor of political science and on the faculty of the Graduate School of Business as the Denning Professor in Global Business and the Economy, in addition to being the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution.[27]
Music[link]
Rice is an accomplished pianist and has performed in public since she was a young girl. At the age of 15, she played Mozart with the Denver Symphony, and while Secretary of State she played regularly with a chamber music group in Washington.[9] She does not play professionally, but has performed at diplomatic events at embassies, including a performance for Queen Elizabeth II,[28][29] and she has performed in public with cellist Yo-Yo Ma and singer Aretha Franklin.[30] In 2005, Rice accompanied Charity Sunshine Tillemann-Dick, a 21 year-old soprano, for a benefit concert for the Pulmonary Hypertension Association at the Kennedy Center in Washington.[31][32] She has stated that her favorite composer is Johannes Brahms, because she thinks Brahms's music is "passionate but not sentimental." On a complementary note, on Friday, April 10, 2009 on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, she stated that her favorite band is Led Zeppelin.
Private sector[link]
Rice headed Chevron's committee on public policy until she resigned on January 15, 2001, to become National Security Advisor to President George W. Bush. Chevron, for unspecified reasons, honored Rice by naming an oil tanker Condoleezza Rice after her, but controversy led to its being renamed Altair Voyager.[33]
She also served on the board of directors for the Carnegie Corporation, the Charles Schwab Corporation, the Chevron Corporation, Hewlett Packard, the Rand Corporation, the Transamerica Corporation, and other organizations.
In 1992, Rice founded the Center for New Generation, an after-school program created to raise the high school graduation numbers of East Palo Alto and eastern Menlo Park, California.[34] After her tenure as secretary of state, Rice was approached in February 2009 to fill an open position as a Pac-10 Commissioner,[35] but chose instead to return to Stanford University as a political science professor and the Thomas and Barbara Stephenson Senior Fellow on Public Policy at the Hoover Institution.
Early political career[link]
In 1986, while an international affairs fellow of the Council on Foreign Relations, Rice served as Special Assistant to the Director of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
From 1989 through March 1991 (the period of the fall of Berlin Wall and the final days of the Soviet Union), she served in President George H.W. Bush's administration as Director, and then Senior Director, of Soviet and East European Affairs in the National Security Council, and a Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. In this position, Rice helped develop Bush's and Secretary of State James Baker's policies in favor of German reunification. She impressed Bush, who later introduced her to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, as the one who "tells me everything I know about the Soviet Union."[36]
In 1991, Rice returned to her teaching position at Stanford, although she continued to serve as a consultant on the former Soviet Bloc for numerous clients in both the public and private sectors. Late that year, California Governor Pete Wilson appointed her to a bipartisan committee that had been formed to draw new state legislative and congressional districts in the state.
In 1997, she sat on the Federal Advisory Committee on Gender-Integrated Training in the Military.
During George W. Bush's 2000 presidential election campaign, Rice took a one-year leave of absence from Stanford University to help work as his foreign policy advisor. The group of advisors she led called itself The Vulcans in honor of the monumental Vulcan statue, which sits on a hill overlooking her hometown of Birmingham, Alabama. Rice would later go on to give a noteworthy speech at the 2000 Republican National Convention. The speech asserted that "...America's armed forces are not a global police force. They are not the world's 911."[16][37]
National Security Advisor (2001–2005)[link]
On December 17, 2000, Rice was named as National Security Advisor and stepped down from her position at Stanford.[38] She was the first woman to occupy the post. Rice earned the nickname of "Warrior Princess," reflecting strong nerve and delicate manners.[39]
On January 18, 2003, the Washington Post reported that Rice was involved in crafting Bush's position on race-based preferences. Rice has stated that "while race-neutral means are preferable," race can be taken into account as "one factor among others" in university admissions policies.[40]
Terrorism[link]
During the summer of 2001, Rice met with CIA Director George Tenet to discuss the possibilities and prevention of terrorist attacks on American targets. On July 10, 2001, Rice met with Tenet in what he referred to as an "emergency meeting"[41] held at the White House at Tenet's request to brief Rice and the NSC staff about the potential threat of an impending al Qaeda attack. Rice responded by asking Tenet to give a presentation on the matter to Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and Attorney General John Ashcroft.[42] On September 11, 2001, Rice was scheduled to outline a new national security policy that included missile defense as a cornerstone and played down the threat of stateless terrorism.[43]
When asked about the meeting in 2006, Rice asserted she did not recall the specific meeting, commenting that she had met repeatedly with Tenet that summer about terrorist threats. Moreover, she stated that it was "incomprehensible" to her that she had ignored terrorist threats two months before the September 11 attacks.[41]
In August, 2010, Rice received the U.S. Air Force Academy's 2009 Thomas D. White National Defense Award for contributions to the defense and security of the United States.[44]
Subpoenas[link]
In March 2004, Rice declined to testify before the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (the 9/11 Commission). The White House claimed executive privilege under constitutional separation of powers and cited past tradition. Under pressure, Bush agreed to allow her to testify[45] so long as it did not create a precedent of presidential staff being required to appear before United States Congress when so requested. Her appearance before the commission on April 8, 2004, was accepted by the Bush administration in part because she was not appearing directly before Congress. She thus became the first sitting National Security Advisor to testify on matters of policy.
In April 2007, Rice rejected, on grounds of executive privilege, a House subpoena regarding the prewar claim that Iraq sought yellowcake uranium from Niger.[46]
Iraq[link]
Rice was a proponent of the 2003 invasion of Iraq. After Iraq delivered its declaration of weapons of mass destruction to the United Nations on December 8, 2002, Rice wrote an editorial for The New York Times entitled "Why We Know Iraq Is Lying".[47]
In October 2003, Rice was named to run the Iraq Stabilization Group, to “quell violence in Iraq and Afghanistan and to speed the reconstruction of both countries."[48] By May 2004, the Washington Post reported that the council had become virtually nonexistent.[49]
Leading up to the 2004 presidential election, Rice became the first National Security Advisor to campaign for an incumbent president. She stated that while: "Saddam Hussein had nothing to do with the actual attacks on America, Saddam Hussein's Iraq was a part of the Middle East that was festering and unstable, [and] was part of the circumstances that created the problem on September 11."[50]
Weapons of mass destruction[link]
In a January 10, 2003 interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer, Rice made headlines by stating regarding Iraqi WMD: "The problem here is that there will always be some uncertainty about how quickly he can acquire nuclear weapons. But we don't want the smoking gun to be a mushroom cloud."[51]
After the invasion, when it became clear that Iraq did not have nuclear WMD capability, critics called Rice's claims a "hoax," "deception" and "demagogic scare tactic."[52][53] "Either she missed or overlooked numerous warnings from intelligence agencies seeking to put caveats on claims about Iraq's nuclear weapons program, or she made public claims that she knew to be false," wrote Dana Milbank and Mike Allen in the Washington Post.[54]
Rice characterized the August 6, 2001 President's Daily Brief Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US as historical information. Rice indicated "It was information based on old reporting."[55] Sean Wilentz of Salon magazine suggested that the PDB contained current information based on continuing investigations, including that Bin Laden wanted to "bring the fighting to America."[56]
Role in authorizing use of torture techniques[link]
A Senate Intelligence Committee reported that on July 17, 2002, Rice met with CIA director George Tenet to personally convey the Bush administration's approval of the proposed waterboarding of alleged Al Qaeda leader Abu Zubaydah. "Days after Dr Rice gave Mr Tenet her approval, the Justice Department approved the use of waterboarding in a top secret August 1 memo."[57] Waterboarding is considered to be torture by a wide range of authorities, including legal experts,[58][59][60][61] war veterans,[62][63] intelligence officials,[64] military judges,[65] human rights organizations,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] the U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder,[74] and many senior politicians, including U.S. President Barack Obama.[75]
In 2003 Rice, Vice President Dick Cheney and Attorney General John Ashcroft met with the CIA again and were briefed on the use of waterboarding and other methods including week-long sleep deprivation, forced nudity and the use of stress positions. The Senate report says that the Bush administration officials "reaffirmed that the CIA program was lawful and reflected administration policy".[57]
The Senate report also "suggests Miss Rice played a more significant role than she acknowledged in written testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee submitted in the autumn."[57] At that time, she had acknowledged attending meetings to discuss the CIA interrogations, but she claimed that she could not recall the details, and she "omitted her direct role in approving the programme in her written statement to the committee."[76]
In a conversation with a student at Stanford University in April 2009, Rice stated that she did not authorize the CIA to use the enhanced interrogation techniques. Said Rice, "I didn't authorize anything. I conveyed the authorization of the administration to the agency that they had policy authorization, subject to the Justice Department's clearance. That's what I did."[77] She added, “We were told, nothing that violates our obligations under the Convention Against Torture. And so, by definition, if it was authorized by the president, it did not violate our obligations under the Conventions Against Torture."[77]
Secretary of State (2005–2009)[link]
Main article: Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State
On November 16, 2004, Bush nominated Rice to be Secretary of State. On January 26, 2005, the Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 85–13. The negative votes, the most cast against any nomination for Secretary of State since 1825, came from Senators who, according to Senator Barbara Boxer, wanted "to hold Dr. Rice and the Bush administration accountable for their failures in Iraq and in the war on terrorism." Their reasoning was that Rice had acted irresponsibly in equating Saddam's regime with Islamist terrorism and some could not accept her previous record. Senator Robert Byrd voted against Rice's appointment, indicating that she "has asserted that the President holds far more of the war power than the Constitution grants him."[78]
As Secretary of State, Rice championed the expansion of democratic governments. Rice stated that the September 11 attacks in 2001 were rooted in "oppression and despair" and so, the US must advance democratic reform and support basic rights throughout the greater Middle East.[79] Rice also reformed and restructured the department, as well as US diplomacy as a whole. "Transformational Diplomacy" is the goal that Rice describes as "work[ing] with our many partners around the world... [and] build[ing] and sustain[ing] democratic, well-governed states that will respond to the needs of their people and conduct themselves responsibly in the international system."[80]
As Secretary of State, Rice traveled widely and initiated many diplomatic efforts on behalf of the Bush administration. Her diplomacy relied on strong presidential support and is considered to be the continuation of style defined by former Republican secretaries of state Henry Kissinger and James Baker.[81]
Speculation on 2008 presidential campaign, views on successor[link]
There had been previous speculation that Rice would run for the Republican nomination in the 2008 primaries, which she ruled out on Meet the Press. On February 22, 2008, Rice played down any suggestion that she may be on the Republican vice presidential ticket, saying, "I have always said that the one thing that I have not seen myself doing is running for elected office in the United States."[82] During an interview with the editorial board of the Washington Times on March 27, 2008, Rice said she was "not interested" in running for vice president.[83] In a Gallup poll from March 24 to 27, 2008, Rice was mentioned by eight percent of Republican respondents to be their first choice to be Senator John McCain's Republican Vice-Presidential running mate, slightly behind Mike Huckabee and Mitt Romney.[84]
Republican strategist Dan Senor said on ABC's This Week on April 6, 2008, that "Condi Rice has been actively, actually in recent weeks, campaigning for" the vice presidential nomination. He based this assessment on her attendance of Grover Norquist's Americans for Tax Reform conservative leader's meeting on March 26, 2008.[85] In response to Senor's comments, Rice's spokesperson denied that Rice is seeking the vice presidential nomination, saying, "If she is actively seeking the vice presidency, then she's the last one to know about it."[86]
In August 2008, the speculation about a potential McCain-Rice ticket finally ended when then-Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska was selected as McCain's running-mate.
In early December 2008, Rice praised President-elect Barack Obama's selection of New York Senator Hillary Clinton to succeed her as Secretary of State, saying "she's terrific". Rice, who has spoken to Clinton since her selection, said Clinton "is someone of intelligence and she'll do a great job".[87]
Political positions[link]
Terrorist activity[link]
Rice's policy as Secretary of State viewed counter-terrorism as a matter of being preventative, and not merely punitive. In an interview on December 18, 2005, Rice stated: "We have to remember that in this war on terrorism, we're not talking about criminal activity where you can allow somebody to commit the crime and then you go back and you arrest them and you question them. If they succeed in committing their crime, then hundreds or indeed thousands of people die. That's why you have to prevent, and intelligence is the long pole in the tent in preventing attacks."[88]
Rice has also been a frequent critic of the intelligence community's inability to cooperate and share information, which she believes is an integral part of preventing terrorism. In 2000, one year after Osama bin Laden told Time “[h]ostility toward America is a religious duty,"[37] and a year before the September 11 terrorist attacks, Rice warned on WJR Detroit: "You really have to get the intelligence agencies better organized to deal with the terrorist threat to the United States itself. One of the problems that we have is a kind of split responsibility, of course, between the CIA and foreign intelligence and the FBI and domestic intelligence." She then added: "There needs to be better cooperation because we don't want to wake up one day and find out that Osama bin Laden has been successful on our own territory."[89]
Rice also has promoted the idea that counterterrorism involves not only confronting the governments and organizations that promote and condone terrorism, but also the ideologies that fuel terrorism. In a speech given on July 29, 2005, Rice asserted that "[s]ecuring America from terrorist attack is more than a matter of law enforcement. We must also confront the ideology of hatred in foreign societies by supporting the universal hope of liberty and the inherent appeal of democracy."[90]
In January 2005, during Bush's second inaugural ceremonies, Rice first used the term "outposts of tyranny" to refer to countries felt to threaten world peace and human rights. This term has been called a descendant of Bush's phrase, "Axis of Evil", used to describe Iraq, Iran and North Korea. She identified six such "outposts" in which she said the United States has a duty to foster freedom: Cuba, Zimbabwe, Burma and Belarus, as well as Iran and North Korea.
Abortion[link]
Rice said "If you go back to 2000 when I helped the president in the campaign. I said that I was, in effect, kind of libertarian on this issue. And meaning by that, that I have been concerned about a government role in this issue. I am a strong proponent of parental choice—of parental notification. I am a strong proponent of a ban on late-term abortion. These are all things that I think unite people and I think that that's where we should be. I've called myself at times mildly pro-choice."[91] She would not want the federal government "forcing its views on one side or the other."[92]
Rice said she believes President Bush "has been in exactly the right place" on abortion, "which is we have to respect the culture of life and we have to try and bring people to have respect for it and make this as rare a circumstance as possible" However, she added that she has been "concerned about a government role" but has "tended to agree with those who do not favor federal funding for abortion, because I believe that those who hold a strong moral view on the other side should not be forced to fund" the procedure.[92]
Discrimination[link]
Rice experienced firsthand the injustices of Birmingham's discriminatory laws and attitudes. She was instructed to walk proudly in public and to use the facilities at home rather than subject herself to the indignity of "colored" facilities in town. As Rice recalls of her parents and their peers, "they refused to allow the limits and injustices of their time to limit our horizons."[93]
However, Rice recalls various times in which she suffered discrimination on account of her race, which included being relegated to a storage room at a department store instead of a regular dressing room, being barred from going to the circus or the local amusement park, being denied hotel rooms, and even being given bad food at restaurants.[94] Also, while Rice was mostly kept by her parents from areas where she might face discrimination, she was very aware of the civil rights struggle and the problems of Jim Crow laws in Birmingham. A neighbor, Juliemma Smith, described how "[Condi] used to call me and say things like, 'Did you see what Bull Connor did today?' She was just a little girl and she did that all the time. I would have to read the newspaper thoroughly because I wouldn't know what she was going to talk about."[94] Rice herself said of the segregation era: "Those terrible events burned into my consciousness. I missed many days at my segregated school because of the frequent bomb threats."[94]
During the violent days of the Civil Rights Movement, Reverend Rice armed himself and kept guard over the house while Condoleezza practiced the piano inside. According to J.L. Chestnut, Reverend Rice called local civil rights leader Fred Shuttlesworth and his followers "uneducated, misguided Negroes."[95][96] Also, Reverend Rice instilled in his daughter and students that black people would have to prove themselves worthy of advancement, and would simply have to be "twice as good" to overcome injustices built into the system.[97] Rice said “My parents were very strategic, I was going to be so well prepared, and I was going to do all of these things that were revered in white society so well, that I would be armored somehow from racism. I would be able to confront white society on its own terms."[98] While the Rices supported the goals of the civil rights movement, they did not agree with the idea of putting their child in harm's way.[94]
Rice was eight when her schoolmate Denise McNair, aged 11, was killed in the bombing of the primarily black Sixteenth Street Baptist Church by white supremacists on September 15, 1963. Rice has commented upon that moment in her life:
I remember the bombing of that Sunday School at 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham in 1963. I did not see it happen, but I heard it happen, and I felt it happen, just a few blocks away at my father's church. It is a sound that I will never forget, that will forever reverberate in my ears. That bomb took the lives of four young girls, including my friend and playmate, Denise McNair. The crime was calculated to suck the hope out of young lives, bury their aspirations. But those fears were not propelled forward, those terrorists failed.[99]
— Condoleezza Rice, Commencement 2004, Vanderbilt University, May 13, 2004
Rice states that growing up during racial segregation taught her determination against adversity, and the need to be "twice as good" as non-minorities.[100] Segregation also hardened her stance on the right to bear arms; Rice has said in interviews that if gun registration had been mandatory, her father's weapons would have been confiscated, leaving them defenseless against Ku Klux Klan nightriders.[94]
Public perception and criticism[link]
Rice has been criticized both in the U.S. and abroad for her involvement in the George W. Bush administration. Protesters have sought to exclude her from appearing at schools such as Princeton University[101] and Boston College,[102] which prompted the resignation of an adjunct professor at Boston College. There has also been an effort to protest her public speeches abroad.[103]
[edit] Time and Forbes magazines
Rice has appeared four times on the Time 100, Time magazine's list of the world's 100 most influential people. Rice is one of only nine people in the world whose influence has been considered enduring enough to have made the list—first compiled in 1999 as a retrospective of the 20th century and made an annual feature in 2004—so frequently. However, the list contains people who have the influence to change for better or for worse, and Time has also accused her of squandering her influence, stating on February 1, 2007, that her "accomplishments as Secretary of State have been modest, and even those have begun to fade" and that she "has been slow to recognize the extent to which the U.S.'s prestige has declined."[104] In its March 19, 2007 issue it followed up stating that Rice was "executing an unmistakable course correction in U.S. foreign policy."[105]
In 2004 and 2005, she was ranked as the most powerful woman in the world by Forbes magazine and number two in 2006 (following the Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel).[106]
Criticism from Senator Barbara Boxer[link]
California Democratic Senator Barbara Boxer has also criticized Rice in relation to the war in Iraq: "I personally believe—this is my personal view—that your loyalty to the mission you were given, to sell the war, overwhelmed your respect for the truth."[107]
On January 11, 2007, Boxer, in a debate over the war in Iraq, said, "Now, the issue is who pays the price, who pays the price? I'm not going to pay a personal price. My kids are too old, and my grandchild is too young. You're not going to pay a particular price, as I understand it, within immediate family. So who pays the price? The American military and their families, and I just want to bring us back to that fact."
The New York Post and White House Press Secretary Tony Snow called Boxer's statement an attack on Rice's status as a single, childless female and referred to Boxer's comments as "a great leap backward for feminism."[108] Rice later echoed Snow's remarks, saying "I thought it was okay to not have children, and I thought you could still make good decisions on behalf of the country if you were single and didn't have children." Boxer responded to the controversy by saying "They're getting this off on a non-existent thing that I didn't say. I'm saying, she's like me, we do not have families who are in the military."[109]
Conservative criticism[link]
According to the Washington Post in late July 2008, former Undersecretary of State and U.N. Ambassador John R. Bolton was referring to Rice and her allies in the Bush Administration whom he believes have abandoned earlier hard-line principles when he said: "Once the collapse begins, adversaries have a real opportunity to gain advantage. In terms of the Bush presidency, this many reversals this close to the end destroys credibility... It appears there is no depth to which this administration will not sink in its last days."[110]
Former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld repeatedly criticized Rice after their terms in office ended. In his book, Known and Unknown: A Memoir, he portrayed her as a young, inexperienced academic who didn’t know her place.[111] In 2011 she finally responded, saying that Rumsfeld "Doesn't know what he's talking about."[112]
In his book, "In My Time," Dick Cheney suggested that Rice had misled the president about nuclear diplomacy with North Korea, saying she was naïve. He called her advice on the issue “utterly misleading."
He also chided Rice for clashing with White House advisers on the tone of the president's speeches on Iraq and said that she, as the Secretary of State, ruefully conceded to him that the Bush administration should not have apologized for a claim the president made in his 2003 State of the Union address, on Saddam's supposed search for yellowcake uranium. She “came into my office, sat down in the chair next to my desk, and tearfully admitted I had been right," Cheney wrote.
Rice responded: "It certainly doesn't sound like me, now, does it?", saying that she viewed the book as an “attack on my integrity."[113]
Rice has also been criticized by other conservatives. Stephen Hayes of the Weekly Standard accused her of jettisoning the Bush Doctrine.[114] Other conservatives criticized her for her approach to Russia policy and other issues.[115] Many criticize Rice in particular for her opposition to the change of strategy in Iraq and surge in U.S. forces that began in 2007.[116]
Views within the black community[link]
Rice's ratings decreased following a heated battle for her confirmation as Secretary of State and following Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Rice's rise within the George W. Bush administration initially drew a largely positive response from many in the black community. In a 2002 survey, then National Security Advisor Rice was viewed favorably by 41% of black respondents, but another 40% did not know Rice well enough to rate her and her profile remained comparatively obscure.[117] As her role increased, some black commentators began to express doubts concerning Rice's stances and statements on various issues. In 2005, Washington Post columnist Eugene Robinson asked, "How did [Rice] come to a worldview so radically different from that of most black Americans?"[118]
Other writers have also noted what they perceive to be a distance between Rice and the black community. The Black Commentator magazine described sentiments given in a speech by Rice at a black gathering as "more than strange—they were evidence of profound personal disorientation. A black woman who doesn't know how to talk to black people is of limited political use to an administration that has few black allies."[119] When Rice invoked the civil rights movement to clarify her position on the invasion of Iraq, Margaret Kimberley, another writer for The Black Commentator, felt that her use of the rhetoric was "offensive." Stan Correy, an interviewer from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, characterized many blacks involved with civil rights and politics as viewing this rhetoric as "cynical."[120] Rice was also described by Bill Fletcher, Jr., the former leader of the TransAfrica Forum, a foreign policy lobbying organization in Washington, D.C., as "very cold and distant and only black by accident."[117] In August 2005, American musician, actor, and social activist Harry Belafonte, who serves on the Board of TransAfrica, referred to blacks in the Bush administration as "black tyrants."[121] Belafonte's comments received mixed reactions.[117]
Rice has defended herself from such criticism on several occasions. During a September 14, 2005 interview, she said, "Why would I worry about something like that? ... The fact of the matter is I've been black all my life. Nobody needs to tell me how to be black."[122]
Notable black commentators have defended Rice, including Mike Espy,[123] Andrew Young, C. Delores Tucker (chair of the National Congress of Black Women),[124] Clarence Page,[125] Colbert King,[126] Dorothy Height (chair and president emerita of the National Council of Negro Women)[126] and Kweisi Mfume (former Congressman and former CEO of the NAACP).[127]
Family and personal life[link]
In the 1970s, Condoleezza Rice dated and was briefly engaged to American football player Rick Upchurch. She left him because, according to her biographer Marcus Mabry, “She knew the relationship wasn't going to work."[128] Her mother, Angelena Rice, died of breast cancer in August 1985, aged 61.[129] In July 1989, Condoleezza's father, John Wesley Rice, married Clara Bailey,[130] to whom he remained married until his death, in December 2000, aged 77.[131] He was a football and basketball coach throughout his life.[132]
Rice has never married and has no children.[108]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Board of Directors". Millennium Challenge Corporation. Archived from the original on June 7, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080607012010/http://www.mcc.gov/about/boardofdirectors/index.php. Retrieved January 21, 2009. "The Secretary of State is the Chair of the Board..."
- ^ "Condi Rice website at Stanford University". Fsi.stanford.edu. http://fsi.stanford.edu/people/condoleezzarice/. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
- ^ Condoleezza Rice. "Condi Rice website at the Hoover Institution". Hoover.org. http://www.hoover.org/bios/rice.html. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
- ^ Gloeckler, Geoff. "Getting In Condoleezza Rice To Join Stanford B-School Faculty In September". Business Week. Bloomberg.com. http://www.businessweek.com/bschools/blogs/mba_admissions/archives/2010/08/condoleezza_rice_to_join_stanford_gsb_faculty_in_september.html. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
- ^ "Condoleezza Rice". Encyclopedia of World Biography. http://www.notablebiographies.com/news/Ow-Sh/Rice-Condoleezza.html. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ "The Unflappable Condi Rice". 1 September 2003. http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/009/1.42.html. Retrieved 8 March 2012.
- ^ Hawkins, B. Denise (September/October 2002). "Condoleezza Rice's Secret Weapon". Today's Christian. Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080109235721/http://www.christianitytoday.com/tc/2002/005/1.18.html. Retrieved October 26, 2008.
- ^ a b "Condoleezza Rice". Mad About Music. 2005-01-02. WNYC. Archived from the original on November 11, 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051111091533/http://www.wnyc.org/stream/ram.py?file=madaboutmusic/mam010204.ra. Retrieved October 26, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ a b Tommasini, Anthony (April 9, 2006). "Condoleezza Rice on Piano". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/09/arts/music/09tomm.html?_r=1. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ Chapman, Tamara (Summer 2010). "Facing Forward, Looking Back". University of Denver Magazine. http://blogs.du.edu/today/magazine/facing-forward-looking-back. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ Dobbs, Michael (December 28, 2000). "Josef Korbel's Enduring Foreign Policy Legacy; Professor Mentored Daughter Albright and Student Rice". The Washington Post. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-552426.html. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
- ^ [1], additional text.
- ^ Rice, Condoleezza (1981). The Politics of Client Command: Party-Military Relations in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1975.. PhD dissertation. University of Denver. http://130.253.4.23/record=b2587932~S3.
- ^ Balz, Dan (August 1, 2000). "The Republicans Showcase a Rising Star; Foreign Policy Fueled Rice's Party Switch and Her Climb to Prominence". Washington Post. http://www.highbeam.com/The+Washington+Post/publications.aspx?date=20000801&pageNumber=2. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ^ Becker, Maki (April 4, 2004). "20 Things You Probably Didn't Know About". Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/04/04/2004-04-04_20_things_you_probably_didn_.html. Retrieved November 2, 2008.
- ^ a b Condoleezza, Rice (August 1, 2000). "Text: Condoleezza Rice at the Republican National Convention". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/elections/ricetext080100.htm. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Baker, Russell (April 3, 2008). "Condi and the Boys". New York Review of Books 55 (5): 9–11. ISSN 0028-7504. http://www.nybooks.com/articles/21192. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
- ^ "Condoleezza Rice". Forbes. October 18, 2001. http://www.forbes.com/2001/10/15/crice.html. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
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- ^ "Casper selects Condoleezza Rice to be next Stanford provost" (Press release). Stanford University. May 19, 1993. http://news-service.stanford.edu/pr/93/930519Arc3267.html. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ "Condoleezza Rice". New Yorker. October 14, 2002. p. 181.
- ^ Robinson, James (June 9, 1999). "Velvet-glove forcefulness: Seven years of provostial challenges and achievements". Stanford Report (Stanford University). http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/1999/june9/rice-69.html. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ Barabak, Mark Z. (January 16, 2005). "Not Always Diplomatic in Her First Major Post; Condoleezza Rice, about to become secretary of State, was a divisive figure while at Stanford". Los Angeles Times: p. A1. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/779273571.html?dids=779273571:779273571&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+16%2C+2005&author=Mark+Z.+Barabak&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Not+Always+Diplomatic+in+Her+First+Major+Post. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ Stephanopoulos, George (December 7, 2008). "This Week (ABC TV series)". ABC News.
- ^ Condoleezza Rice on returning to campus. Stanford Report, January 28, 2009.
- ^ Krieger, Lisa M. (March 1, 2009). "Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice returns to Stanford University". Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/education/ci_11815118?nclick_check=1. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
- ^ "Condoleezza Rice faculty page". Stanford University. http://stanfordwho.stanford.edu/SWApp/detailAction.do?key=DS109W131&search=rice&soundex=&stanfordonly=&affilfilter=everyone&filters=. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
- ^ Condoleezza Rice plays piano for the Queen, Daily Telegraph, December 1, 2008
- ^ Rice performs recital for the Queen, BBC News, December 2, 2008
- ^ Washington Post. Condoleezza Rice, Aretha Franklin: A Philadelphia show of a little R-E-S-P-E-C-T. 2010-07-29.
- ^ Epstein, Edward (June 12, 2005). "Lantos the master storyteller, communicator". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://articles.sfgate.com/2005-06-12/news/17376046_1_state-condoleezza-rice-amazing-grace-classical-piano.
- ^ Watson, Roland (June 13, 2005). "Condoleezza Rice plays it again for Charity". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article532770.ece.
- ^ Marinucci, Carla (May 5, 2001). "Chevron redubs ship named for Bush aide". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2001/05/05/MN223743.DTL. Retrieved October 13, 2008.
- ^ "Condoleezza Rice to visit program she started". Palo Alto Online News. May 22, 2007. http://www.paloaltoonline.com/news/show_story.php?id=5083. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ "Rice not interested in being Pac-10 commissioner". Associated Press. February 3, 2009. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/6028Nfsqi. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- ^ Kettmann, Steve (May 20, 2000). "Bush's secret weapon". Salon.com. http://archive.salon.com/politics2000/feature/2000/03/20/rice/index.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ a b "Exclusive Interview: Conversation with Terror". Time. January 11, 1999. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,174550,00.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ Kuempel, George; Dodge, Robert (December 17, 2000). "Bush selects three key staff members". The Dallas Morning News. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-122113753/bush-selects-three-key.html. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
- ^ Serafin, Tatiana (November 2005). "#1 Condoleezza Rice". The Most Powerful Women (Forbes). http://www.forbes.com/lists/2005/11/MTNG.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ "Rice says race can be 'one factor' in considering admissions". CNN. January 18, 2003. http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/17/rice.action/. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Shenon, Philip; Mark Mazzetti (October 2, 2006). "Records Show Tenet Briefed Rice on Al Qaeda Threat". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/02/washington/03ricecnd.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ Landay, Jonathan S.; Warren P. Strobel, John Walcott, Matt Stearns and Drew Brown (October 2, 2006). "Rumsfeld, Ashcroft said to have received warning of attack". The McClatchy Company. http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2006/10/02/14890/rumsfeld-ashcroft-said-to-have.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ "Top Focus Before 9/11 Wasn't on Terrorism". April 1, 2004. http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A40697-2004Mar31.
- ^ http://www.usafa.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123219657, retrieved 12/12/2010
- ^ "Transcript of Rice's 9/11 commission statement". CNN. May 19, 2004. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/04/08/rice.transcript/. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ "Rice says Saddam questions answered". The Washington Times. April 26, 2007. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/apr/26/20070426-120513-8451r/. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ Rice, Condoleezza (January 23, 2003). "Why We Know Iraq Is Lying". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01E5DF1E30F930A15752C0A9659C8B63. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ Sanger, David E. (October 6, 2003). "White House to Overhaul Iraq and Afghan Missions". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEFD7133CF935A35753C1A9659C8B63. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ Dana Milbank, Stabilization Is Its Middle Name, Washington Post, May 18, 2004, p. A17
- ^ "Rice defends decision to go to war in Iraq". Associated Press. CNN. October 22, 2004. Archived from the original on November 17, 2004. http://web.archive.org/web/20041117054631/http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/10/22/rice.speech.ap/. Retrieved November 3, 2008. [dead link]
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- ^ "Report: No WMD stockpiles in Iraq". CNN. October 7, 2004. http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/10/06/iraq.wmd.report/. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
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- ^ "Excerpts from April 8, 2004 Testimony of Dr. Condoleezza Rice Before the 9/11 Commission Pertaining to The President's Daily Brief of August 6, 2001". National Security Archive. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB116/testimony.htm. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
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- ^ "Open Letter to Attorney General Alberto Gonzales". Human Rights Watch. April 5, 2006. http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2006/04/05/open-letter-attorney-general-alberto-gonzales. Retrieved April 17, 2009.
- ^ Davis, Benjamin (October 8, 2007). "Endgame on Torture: Time to Call the Bluff". JURIST. http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2007/10/endgame-on-torture-time-to-call-bluff.php. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
- ^ Wallach, Evan (2007). "Drop by Drop: Forgetting the History of Water Torture in U.S. Courts". The Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 45 (2): 468–506. ISSN 0010-1931. http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=208094762&ETOC=RN. A rough draft is also available.
- ^ National Lawyers Guild, ed. "White Paper on the Law of Torture and Holding Accountable Those Who Are Complicit in Approving Torture of Persons in U.S. Custody". National Lawyers Guild, International Association of Democratic Lawyers. http://www.nlg.org/news/statements/White%20Paper%20-%20Yoo%20hearing.doc. Retrieved May 8, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "French Journalist Henri Alleg Describes His Torture Being Waterboarded by French Forces During Algerian War". Democracy Now!. November 5, 2007. http://www.democracynow.org/2007/11/5/french_journalist_henri_alleg_describes_his. Retrieved December 18, 2007.
- ^ McCain, John (November 21, 2005). "Torture's Terrible Toll". Newsweek. http://www.newsweek.com/id/51200. Retrieved April 17, 2009.
- ^ Grey, Stephen (2006). Ghost plane: the true story of the CIA torture program. New York City: St. Martin's Press. p. 226. ISBN 0-312-36023-1. OCLC 70335397. "As one former CIA official, once a senior official for the directorate of operations, told me: 'Of course it was torture. Try it and you'll see.' Another, also a former higher-up in the directorate of operations, told me: 'Yes, it's torture...'"
- ^ Bell, Nicole (November 2, 2007). "Retired JAGs Send Letter To Leahy: 'Waterboarding is inhumane, it is torture, and it is illegal.'". Crooks and Liars. http://www.crooksandliars.com/2007/11/03/retired-jags-send-letter-to-leahy-waterboarding-is-inhumane-it-is-torture-and-it-is-illegal/. Retrieved April 17, 2009.
- ^ "CIA Whitewashing Torture". Human Rights Watch. November 21, 2005. http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2005/11/20/cia-whitewashing-torture. Retrieved April 17, 2009.
- ^ "Amnesty International Response to Cheney's 'No-Brainer' Comment" (Press release). Amnesty International. October 26, 2006. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?lang=e&id=ENGUSA20061026002. Retrieved April 17, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Torture can never, ever be accepted" by Thomas Hammarberg, Commissioner for Human Rights, Council of Europe
- ^ UK Commons report casts doubt on US denial of torture techniques by Andrew Gilmore, JURIST, July 20, 2008
- ^ UK 'must check' US torture denial, BBC News, July 19, 2008
- ^ Torture and America's Crisis of Faith – The Senate's retreat from its initial demand that now-Attorney General Michael Mukasey denounce waterboarding is detrimental to the country's moral fabric. For the first time, torture bears an imprimatur of democratic approval by Jonathan Hafetz, The American Prospect, November 28, 2007
- ^ White House nears completion of new torture guidelines; Critics say administration's endorsement of 'enhanced interrogation' is 'immoral,' draw comparisons to Nazi war crimes By Arthur Bright, The Christian Science Monitor, May 31, 2007
- ^ The U.S. Has a History of Using Torture. By Alfred W. McCoy. History News Network
- ^ Memmott, Mark (January 15, 2009). "Holder: Water-boarding is torture; president can't authorize it". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2009/01/61401940/1. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
- ^ "Raw Data: Transcript of Obama's News Conference". Fox News. April 29, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/04/29/raw-data-transcript-obamas-news-conference/. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ Associated Press (April 22, 2009). "As Bush Adviser, Rice Gave OK to Waterboard". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/04/22/bush-adviser-rice-gave-ok-waterboard/. Retrieved May 8, 2009.
- ^ a b Kessler, Glenn, "Rice Defends Use Of Enhanced Techniques", Washington Post, May 1, 2009, p. 4.
- ^ "Standing for the Founding Principles of the Republic: Voting No on the Nomination of Dr. Rice as Secretary of State" (Press release). Robert Byrd. January 25, 2005. http://byrd.senate.gov/speeches/byrd_speeches_2005_january/byrd_speeches_2005_january_lis/byrd_speeches_2005_january_lis_0.html. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
- ^ "Princeton University's Celebration of the 75th Anniversary Of the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs" (Press release). United States Department of State. September 30, 2005. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080708212932/http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2005/54176.htm. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ "Transformational Diplomacy" (Press release). United States Department of State. January 18, 2006. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080708213206/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2006/59339.htm. Retrieved November 3, 2008. "Georgetown University address" (Press release). United States Department of State. January 18, 2006. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080708213151/http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/59306.htm. Retrieved November 3, 2008.
- ^ "Rice travel diplomacy year – up close and personal". Reuters. October 11, 2005. http://www.redorbit.com/news/general/326857/rice_travel_diplomacy_year__up_close_and_personal/. Retrieved September 11, 2009.
- ^ "Rice says has no plan to run for vice president". Reuters. February 22, 2008. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2262518020080222?feedType=RSS&feedName=politicsNews&rpc=22&sp=true. Retrieved March 28, 2008. "I have always said that the one thing that I have not seen myself doing is running for elected office."
- ^ "Transcript of Secretary Condoleezza Rice's Interview with the Washington Times Editorial Board". The Washington Times (United States Department of State). March 28, 2008. Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080329060825/http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/03/102757.htm. Retrieved March 28, 2008. Question: "And would you consider vice president?" Rice: "Not interested."
- ^ "Gallup Polls on GOP VP Preferences", Gallup, 2008-04-04.
- ^ "Dan Senor: Condoleezza Rice Is Pursuing the VP Spot". ABC News. April 6, 2008. http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalradar/2008/04/dan-senor-condo.html.
- ^ Kessler, Glenn (April 7, 2008). "Rice: Still Not Running for VP". The Washington Post. http://blog.washingtonpost.com/44/2008/04/07/rice_still_not_running_for_vp.html. Retrieved November 3, 2008. "McCormack dismissed both as perfectly ordinary. 'I think if you look back at her tenure, in terms of her activities, you will find all of these activities perfectly normal and consistent with the way she has done her job over the past three years or so,' he said. 'If she is actively seeking the vice presidency, then she's the last one to know about it.'"
- ^ Stephanopoulos, George (December 7, 2008). "Rice on Hillary: 'She's Terrific'". ABC News. http://blogs.abcnews.com/george/2008/12/rice-on-hillary.html. Retrieved December 7, 2008.
- ^ U.S. State Department Interview on Fox News Sunday With Chris Wallace[dead link]. December 18, 2005.
- ^ Rice Quotes Contradict Clarke Account. NewsMax. March 24, 2004.
- ^ U.S. State Department Remarks With Senator Richard Lugar on the U.S. Department of State and the Challenges of the 21st century[dead link]. July 29, 2005.
- ^ Allen, Mike (March 13, 2005). "Washington Post, March 2005". Washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A30282-2005Mar12.html. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
- ^ a b 2008 run, abortion engage her politically Washington Post, March 2005
- ^ "Birmingham native Condoleezza Rice confirmation vote delayed as next U.S. Secretary of State" Birmingham Times January 20, 2005.
- ^ a b c d e "CNN Programs: People in the News". http://www.cnn.com/CNN/Programs/people/shows/rice/timeline.html. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
- ^ Chestnut 2005. Chestnut, J. L., Jr. "Condi Rice's Disdain for the Civil Rights Movement." Black Commentator. Retrieved August 2, 2006.
- ^ Chestnut, J.L. Jr.. Condi Rice's disdain for Civil Rights movement Catholic New Times, December 18, 2005. Retrieved April 12, 2007.
- ^ Profile: Condoleezza Rice. BBC News. September 25, 2001. Retrieved August 2, 2006.
- ^ Russakoff, Dale Lessons of Might and Right: How Segregation and an Indomitable Family Shaped National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice Washington Post Magazine Published September 9, 2001. Retrieved April 2, 2007.
- ^ Stan Correy. Condoleezza, Condoleezza. Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Radio National, April 3, 2005. Retrieved July 26, 2006.
- ^ Derrick Z. Jackson. A lesson from Condoleezza Rice. November 20, 2002. Retrieved February 21, 2006.
- ^ Michael Juel-Larsen. Students, community members protest Rice's visit. Daily Princetonian, September 30, 2005.
- ^ Steve Almond. Condoleezza Rice at Boston College? I quit. The Boston Globe, May 12, 2006.
- ^ Rice visit meets with protests BBC News, March 31, 2006. February 9, 2006.
- ^ "Rice's Toughest Mission", Time, February 1, 2007.
- ^ "Cheney In Twilight", Time, March 19, 2007.
- ^ MacDonald, Elizabeth and Chana R. Schoenberger."The World's Most Powerful Women", Forbes, September 1, 2006.
- ^ Why the Crass Remarks About Rice?. The Washington Post, January 22, 2005.
- ^ a b "White House Spokesman Blasts Sen. Boxer's Exchange With Secretary Rice", Fox News, January 13, 2007.
- ^ "Exchange Turns Into Political Flashpoint", The New York Times, January 12, 2007
- ^ Eggen, Dan (July 20, 2008). "U.S. Talks With Iran Exemplify Bush's New Approaches". Washington Post. p. A4. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/19/AR2008071901597.html?hpid=topnews. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
- ^ Savage, Luiza (February 14, 2011). "Rumsfeld lashes out at John McCain, Condoleezza Rice, and others. Bush’s former secretary of defence is still swinging". http://www2.macleans.ca/2011/02/14/rummys-still-swinging/. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Hartman, Rachel Rose (April 28, 2011). "Condoleezza Rice fires back at 'grumpy' Donald Rumsfeld". Ticket. http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_theticket/20110428/ts_yblog_theticket/condoleezza-rice-fires-back-at-grumpy-donald-rumsfeld. Retrieved April 28, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ www.csmonitor.com, September 1, 2011, Condi Rice fires back at Dick Cheney by Husna Haq, [2]
- ^ Hayes, Stephen F. (October 9, 2006). "In the Driver's Seat". Weekly Standard 13 (36). http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/015/145jmmdg.asp. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
- ^ Rosett, Claudia (August 12, 2008). "Georgia and the American Cowboy". National Review. http://article.nationalreview.com/366040/georgia-and-the-american-cowboy/claudia-rosett. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
- ^ Johnson, Scott (May 24, 2008). "Fried Rice". Power Line. http://www.powerlineblog.com/archives/2008/05/020591.php. Retrieved May 27, 2009.
- ^ a b c Jonathon Tilove. For Black America, The Thrill of Powell and Rice Is Gone[dead link]. Newhouse News Service, March 11, 2004.
- ^ Eugene Robinson. What Rice Can't See. The Washington Post, October 25, 2005.
- ^ Condoleezza's Crimes. The Black Commentator, April 1, 2004.
- ^ Stan Correy. Condoleezza, Condoleezza. ABC Radio National, April 3, 2005.
- ^ Marc Merano. Harry Belafonte Calls Black Republicans 'Tyrants'. Cybercast News Service, August 8, 2005
- ^ Interview with Bill O'Reilly of the O'Reilly Factor on Fox News[dead link]. September 14, 2005.
- ^ Mrs President. October 25, 2005.
- ^ Susan Jones. Black Democrats Don't Like Senate's Treatment of Rice. CNS News, January 26, 2005.
- ^ Page, Clarence (January 10, 2006). "Why Condi's star is rising". Chicago Tribune. http://jewishworldreview.com/0106/page011006.php3. Retrieved July 29, 2006.
- ^ a b King, Colbert (January 22, 2005). "Why the Crass Remarks About Rice?". Washington Post. p. A17. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A27818-2005Jan21.html. Retrieved August 29, 2006.
- ^ Associated Press. NAACP: Calling Rice ‘Aunt Jemima' is wrong. November 22, 2004.
- ^ Mabry, Marcus (May 1, 2007). Twice As Good: Condoleezza Rice and Her Path to Power. Modern Times. ISBN 1-59486-362-8.
- ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams.The Ancestors of Condoleezza Rice
- ^ John Wesley Rice Jr., 77, Father of Bush Adviser New York Times. Published December 29, 2000. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ Reitwiesner, William Addams. "Ancestry of Condoleezza Rice". http://www.wargs.com/political/rice.html. Retrieved March 8, 2010. [self-published source?]
- ^ "Give and Take with Condoleezza Rice", The Viking, May 12, 2009
References[link]
- "Smart, savvy, strong-willed Rice charts her own course". CNN. (2001)
- Cornwell, Rupert From the axis of evil to the outposts of tyranny. The Independent. (January 20, 2005)
- Marinucci, Carla. "Critics knock naming oil tanker Condoleezza". San Francisco Chronicle. (April 2001)
- Marinucci, Carla. "Security adviser Rice weighs run for governor". San Francisco Chronicle. (February 27, 2003)
- Nordlinger, Jay. "Star-in-waiting: meet George W.'s foreign-policy czarina". National Review. (August 30, 1999)
- Plotz, David. "Condoleezza Rice: George W. Bush's celebrity adviser". Slate. (May 12, 2000)
- Richter, Paul "Rice Reshaping Foreign Policy[dead link]" Los Angeles Times. (March 15, 2005)
- Richter, Paul. "Under Rice, Powell's Policies Are Reborn". Los Angeles Times. (October 11, 2005)
- Sullivan, Andrew. Bush-Rice 2004?. London Sunday Times. (March 24, 2002)
- Against Me!, "From her lips to God's ears (The Energizer)" from the 'searching for a former clarity' album
Bibliography[link]
- Rice, Condoleezza with Zelikow, Philip D. Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft. Harvard University Press. hardcover (1995), 520 pages, ISBN 0-674-35324-2; trade paperback, 1997, 520 pages, ISBN 0-674-35325-0.
- Rice, Condoleezza & Dallin, Alexander (eds.) (1986). The Gorbachev Era. Stanford Alumni Association, trade paperback (1986), ISBN 0-916318-18-4; Garland Publishing, Incorporated, hardcover (1992), 376 pages, ISBN 0-8153-0571-0.
- Rice, Condoleezza (1984). The Soviet Union and the Czechoslovak Army: Uncertain Allegiance. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-06921-2
- Rice, Condoleezza, "Campaign 2000: Promoting the National Interest | Foreign Affairs" in Foreign Affairs, 2000.
- Rice, Condoleezza, with Kiron K. Skinner, Serhiy Kudelia, and Bruce Bueno de Mesquita. The Strategy of Campaigning: Lessons from Ronald Reagan and Boris Yeltsin (2007), paperback, 356 pages, ISBN 978-0-472-03319-5. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
- Rice, Condoleezza, Extraordinary, Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family (2010) Crown Archetype, ISBN 978-0-307-58787-9
- Rice, Condoleezza, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington (2011) Crown Archetype, ISBN 978-0-307-58786-2
Further reading[link]
Academic studies[link]
- John P. Burke; "Condoleezza Rice as NSC Advisor A Case Study of the Honest Broker Role" Presidential Studies Quarterly v 35 #3 pp 554+.
- James Mann. Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet (2004)
Popular books and commentary[link]
- Cunningham, Kevin (2005). Condoleezza Rice: U.S. Secretary Of State (Journey to Freedom) Child's World ISBN 1-59296-231-9
- Ditchfield, Christin (2003). Condoleezza Rice: National Security Advisor (Great Life Stories) middle school audience Franklin Watts ISBN 0-531-12307-3
- Felix, Antonia (2002). Condi: The Condoleezza Rice Story. Newmarket Press. ISBN 1-55704-539-9
- Flanders, Laura. (2004). Bushwomen: Tales of a Cynical Species (Verso) ISBN 978-1-85984-587-5
- Kessler, Glenn (2007). The Confidante: Condoleezza Rice and the Creation of the Bush Legacy. ISBN 978-0-312-36380-2
- Kettmann, Steve. Bush's Secret Weapon Salon.com
- Morris, Dick with Eileen McGann. (2005) Condi vs. Hillary: The Next Great Presidential Race Regan Books[dead link] ISBN 0-06-083913-9
- Ryan, Bernard, Jr. (2003). Condoleezza Rice: National Security Advisor and Musician (Ferguson Career Biographies) Facts on File[dead link] ISBN 0-8160-5480-0
- Wade, Linda R. (2002). Condoleezza Rice: A Real-Life Reader Biography (Real-Life Reader Biography) Mitchell Lane Publishers ISBN 1-58415-145-5, middle school audience
- Wade, Mary Dodson (2003). Condoleezza Rice: Being The Best Millbrook Press Lerner Books[dead link] ISBN 0-7613-1927-1, middle school audience
- Rice, Condoleezza (2010). Condoleezza Rice: A memoir of my extraodinary, ordinary family and me
External links[link]
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- Biography from the Stanford University
- Biography from the Hoover Institution
- Biography from the U.S. Department of State
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Profile from BBC News, March 30, 2006.
- Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice discusses U.S. Policy in Northeast Asia at the Heritage Foundation on October 25, 2006
- “It's your power, use it" – Op-ed by Rice in The Australian, July 29, 2008.
- Complete text, audio, video of Rice's Keynote Address at the World Economic Forum AmericanRhetoric.com
- Complete text, audio, video or Rice's Opening Statement before the 9/11 Commission AmericanRhetoric.com
- Aretha Franklin, Condi Rice show each other a little bit of R-E-S-P-E-C-T
| Academic offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Gerald Lieberman |
Provost of Stanford University 1993–1999 |
Succeeded by John Hennessy |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Sandy Berger |
United States National Security Advisor 2001–2005 |
Succeeded by Stephen Hadley |
| Preceded by Colin Powell |
United States Secretary of State 2005–2009 |
Succeeded by Hillary Rodham Clinton |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rice, Condoleezza |
| Alternative names | Rice, Condi |
| Short description | American Republican politician; U.S. Secretary of State; political scientist |
| Date of birth | November 14, 1954 |
| Place of birth | Birmingham, Alabama, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the hockey player, see Craig Ferguson (ice hockey).
| Craig Ferguson | |
|---|---|
 Performing stand-up in New York City, 2007 |
|
| Born | (1962-05-17) May 17, 1962 (age 50) Glasgow, Scotland |
| Medium | Stand-up, television, film, music, books |
| Nationality | Scotland; United States |
| Years active | 1980–present |
| Genres | Observational comedy, satire/political satire/news satire |
| Subject(s) | Everyday life, popular culture, self-deprecation, politics |
| Spouse | Anne Hogarth (1983–86) (divorced) Sascha Corwin (1998–2004) (divorced) 1 child Megan Wallace-Cunningham (2008–present) 1 child |
| Notable works and roles | Host of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson Nigel Wick on The Drew Carey Show Glaswegian in One Foot in the Grave Gobber in How to Train Your Dragon |
| Website | The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson |
Craig Ferguson (born 17 May 1962[1]) is a Scottish-American television host, stand-up comedian, writer, actor, director, author, and producer. He is the host of The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, an Emmy Award-nominated, Peabody Award-winning late-night talk show that airs on CBS. In addition to hosting that program and performing stand-up comedy, Ferguson has written two books: Between the Bridge and the River, a novel, and American on Purpose, a memoir. He became a citizen of the United States in 2008.[2]
Before his career as a late-night television host, Ferguson was best known in the United States for his role as the office boss, Nigel Wick, on The Drew Carey Show from 1996 to 2003. He also wrote and starred in three films, directing one of them.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Ferguson was born in the Stobhill Hospital in the Springburn district of Glasgow, Scotland to Robert and Janet Ferguson, and raised in nearby Cumbernauld, growing up "chubby and bullied".[3][4] When he was six months old, he and his family moved from their Springburn apartment to a council house in Cumbernauld. They lived there as Glasgow was re-housing many people following damage to the city from World War II.[4] Ferguson attended Muirfield Primary School and Cumbernauld High School.[5] At age sixteen, Ferguson dropped out of Cumbernauld High School and began an apprenticeship to be an electronics technician at a local factory of American company Burroughs Corporation.[6]
His first visit to the United States was as a teenager to visit an uncle who lived on Long Island, near New York City.[7] When he moved to New York City in 1983, he worked in construction in Harlem.[8][9] Ferguson later became a bouncer at a nightclub, Save the Robots.[10]
Career[link]
British career[link]
Ferguson's experience in entertainment began as a drummer in a rock band called Exposure. He then joined a punk band called The Bastards from Hell.[11] The band, later renamed "Dreamboys", and fronted by vocalist Peter Capaldi, performed regularly in Glasgow from 1980 to 1982.[12] Ferguson credits Capaldi for inspiring him to try comedy.[3]
After a nerve-wrecking, knee-knocking first appearance, he decided to create a character that was a "parody of all the über-patriotic native folk singers who seemed to infect every public performance in Scotland."[3] The character, "Bing Hitler" (actually coined by Capaldi as Ferguson started with the monogram of "Nico Fulton" but admittedly later stole the name for his "own nefarious ends"),[12] premiered in Glasgow, and subsequently became a hit at the 1986 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. A recording of his stage act as Bing Hitler was made at Glasgow's Tron Theatre and released in the 1980s;[13] a Bing Hitler monologue ("A Lecture for Burns Night") appears on the compilation cassette Honey at the Core.
Ferguson's first television appearance was as Confidence on BBC sitcom Red Dwarf during the episode "Confidence and Paranoia".
Ferguson made his starring television debut in The Craig Ferguson Show, a one-off comedy pilot for Granada Television, which co-starred Paul Whitehouse and Helen Atkinson-Wood.[14] This was broadcast throughout the UK on 4 March 1990, but was not made into a full series.
He has also found success in musical theatre. Beginning in 1991, he appeared on stage as Brad Majors in the London production of The Rocky Horror Show, alongside Anthony Head, who was playing Dr. Frank-N-Furter at the time.[citation needed] In 1994, Ferguson played Father MacLean in the highly controversial production of Bad Boy Johnny and the Prophets of Doom at the Union Chapel in London. The same year, he appeared again at the Edinburgh Fringe, as Oscar Madison in The Odd Couple, opposite Gerard Kelly as Felix and Kate Anthony as Gwendolin Pidgeon, who is now much better known as Aunty Pam in Coronation Street; the play, which was relocated to 1990s Glasgow, later toured Scotland.[15]
After enjoying success at the Edinburgh Festival, Ferguson appeared on Red Dwarf, STV's Hogmanay Show,[16] his own show 2000 Not Out, and the 1993 One Foot in the Grave Christmas special One Foot in the Algarve.
In 1993, Ferguson presented his own series on Scottish archaeology for Scottish Television entitled Dirt Detective.[17] He travelled throughout the country examining archaeological history, including Skara Brae and Paisley Abbey.
U.S. career[link]
After cancellation of his show The Ferguson Theory, Ferguson moved to Los Angeles in 1994. His first U.S. role was as baker Logan McDonough on the short-lived 1995 ABC comedy Maybe This Time, which starred Betty White and Marie Osmond.
His breakthrough in the U.S. came when he was cast on The Drew Carey Show as the title character's boss, Mr. Wick, a role that he played from 1996 to 2003. He played the role with an over-the-top posh English accent "to make up for generations of English actors doing crap Scottish accents." In his comedy special "A Wee Bit O' Revolution", he specifically called out James Doohan's portrayal of Montgomery Scott on Star Trek as the foundation of his "revenge". (At the end of one episode, though, Ferguson broke the fourth wall and began talking to the audience at home in his regular Scottish accent.) His character was memorable for his unique methods of laying employees off, almost always "firing Johnson", the most common last name of the to-be-fired workers.[18] Even after leaving the show in 2003, he remained a recurring character on the series for the last two seasons, and was part of the 2-part series finale in 2004.
During production of The Drew Carey Show, Ferguson devoted his off-time as a cast member to writing, working in his trailer on set in-between shooting his scenes. He wrote and starred in three films: The Big Tease, Saving Grace, and I'll Be There, which he also directed and for which he won the Audience Award for Best Film at the Aspen, Dallas and Valencia film festivals. He was named Best New Director at the Napa Valley Film Festival. These were among other scripts that, "... in the great tradition of the movie business, about half a dozen that I got paid a fortune for but never got made."[19] His other acting credits in films include Niagara Motel, Lenny the Wonder Dog, Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events, Chain of Fools, Born Romantic, The Ugly Truth, How to Train Your Dragon, Kick-Ass and Winnie the Pooh.
Ferguson has been touring the United States and Canada with a stand-up comedy show, and performed at Carnegie Hall on 23 October 2010.
[edit] The Late Late Show
Main article: The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson
In December 2004, it was announced that Ferguson would be the successor to Craig Kilborn on CBS's The Late Late Show. His first show as the regular host aired on 3 January 2005. By May 2008, Ben Alba, an American television historian and an authority on U.S. talk shows, said Ferguson "has already made his mark, taking the TV monologue to new levels with an underlying story. But he is only just starting ... He is making up his own rules: It's the immigrant experience."[18]
The Late Late Show averaged 2.0 million viewers in its 2007 season, compared with 2.5 million for Late Night with Conan O'Brien.[20] In April 2008, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson beat Late Night with Conan O'Brien for weekly ratings (1.88 million to 1.77 million) for the first time since the two shows went head-to-head with their respective hosts.[21]
By the end of 2009, Craig Ferguson topped Jimmy Fallon in the ratings with Ferguson getting a 1.8 rating/6 share and Fallon receiving a 1.6 rating/6 share.[22]
Ferguson's success on the show has led at least one "television insider" to say he is the heir apparent to take over David Letterman's role as host of The Late Show.[18]
Television and appearances[link]
Craig Ferguson has made guest appearances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Show with David Letterman, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Rachael Ray, Countdown with Keith Olbermann, The Howard Stern Show, The Daily Show, The View, Loveline, Real Time with Bill Maher, The Soup, The Talk and The Dennis Miller Show. He also co-hosted Live with Regis & Kelly with Kelly Ripa.
On 4 January 2009 Ferguson was a celebrity player on Million Dollar Password.
In 2009, Ferguson made a cameo live-action appearance in the episode "We Love You, Conrad" on Family Guy. Ferguson hosted the 32nd annual People's Choice Awards on 10 January 2006.[23] TV Guide magazine printed a "Cheers" (Cheers and Jeers section) for appearing on his own show that same evening.[citation needed] From 2007 to 2010, Ferguson hosted the Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular on 4 July, broadcast nationally by CBS. Ferguson was the featured entertainer at the 26 April 2008 White House Correspondents' Association dinner in Washington, DC.[24]
Ferguson co-presented the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama with Brooke Shields in 2008. He has done voice work in cartoons, including being the voice of Barry's evil alter-ego in the "With Friends Like Steve's" episode of American Dad; in Freakazoid! as Roddy MacStew, Freakazoid's mentor; and on Buzz Lightyear of Star Command as the robot vampire NOS-4-A2. Most recently, he was the voice of Susan the boil on Futurama, which was a parody of Scottish singer Susan Boyle. He makes stand-up appearances in Las Vegas and New York City. He headlined in the Just for Laughs festival in Montreal and in October 2008 Ferguson taped his stand up show in Boston for a Comedy Central special entitled A Wee Bit o' Revolution, which aired on 22 March 2009.
British television comedy drama Doc Martin was based on a character from Ferguson's film Saving Grace – with Ferguson getting writing credits for 12 episodes.[25] On 6 November 2009 Ferguson appeared as himself in a SpongeBob SquarePants special titled SpongeBob's Truth or Square.[26] He hosted Discovery Channel's 23rd season of Shark Week in 2010. Ferguson briefly appeared in Toby Keith's "Red Solo Cup" music video released on 10 October 2011. [27]
Literature[link]
Ferguson's novel Between the Bridge and the River was published on 10 April 2006. Ferguson appeared at the Los Angeles Festival of Books, as well as other author literary events. "This book could scare them", Ferguson said. "The sex, the violence, the dream sequences and the iconoclasm. I think a lot of people are uncomfortable with that. I understand that. It was very uncomfortable to write some of it."[28] Publishers Weekly called it "a tour de force of cynical humor and poignant reverie, a caustic yet ebullient picaresque that approaches the sacred by way of the profane."[citation needed] His novel Between the Bridge and the River is dedicated to his son and to his grandfather, Adam. Ferguson revealed in an interview that he is writing a sequel to the book, to be titled "The Sphynx of the Mississippi".[29] He also stated in a 2006 interview with David Letterman that he intends for the book to be the first in a trilogy.[30]
Ferguson signed a deal with HarperCollins to publish his memoirs.[31] The book, entitled American on Purpose: The Improbable Adventures of an Unlikely Patriot, focuses on "how and why [he] became an American" and covers his years as a punk rocker, dancer, bouncer and construction worker as well as the rise of his career in Hollywood as an actor and comic. It went on sale 22 September 2009 in the United States.[32][33] On 1 December 2010 the audiobook version was nominated for a Best Spoken Word Album Grammy.[34]
In July 2009, Jackie Collins was a guest on The Late Late Show to promote her new book Married Lovers. Collins said that a character in her book, Don Verona, was based on Ferguson because she was such a fan of him and his show.[35]
Personal life[link]
As mentioned on The Late Late Show on 3 August 2009, Ferguson holds an FAA Private Pilot's License issued 31 July 2009.[36] Ferguson announced on the 8 April 2011 broadcast that he is pursuing an instrument rating.
Ferguson is a fan of Scottish football team Partick Thistle F.C.[12] as well as the British television show Doctor Who. He has three tattoos: his latest, the Join, or Die political cartoon on his right forearm;[37][38] a Ferguson family crest with the Latin motto Dulcius ex asperis ("Sweeter out of [or from] difficulty") on his upper right arm in honour of his father;[39] and the Ingram family crest on his upper left arm in honour of his mother. He has often stated that his Join, or Die tattoo is to signal his patriotism.[37]
Family[link]
In an episode of The Late Late Show that aired 8 December 2008, a somber Ferguson talked about his mother, Janet (3 August 1933 – 1 December 2008). He ended the program by playing her favourite song, "Rivers of Babylon" by Boney M.[40]
Ferguson has two sisters (one older and one younger) and one older brother.[41] His elder sister's name is Janice and his brother's name is Scott. His younger sister, Lynn Ferguson Tweddle, is also a successful comedienne, presenter, and actress, perhaps most widely known as the voice of Mac in the 2000 stop-motion animation film Chicken Run. She is currently a writer on The Late Late Show.
Ferguson has married three times and divorced twice as a result of what he describes as "relationship issues". His first marriage was to Anne Hogarth from 1983 to 1986, during which time they lived in New York. From his second marriage (to Sascha Corwin, founder and proprietor of Los Angeles' SpySchool), he has one son, Milo Hamish Ferguson, born in 2001. He and Corwin share custody of Milo, and live near each other in Los Angeles. On 21 December 2008, Ferguson married art dealer Megan Wallace-Cunningham in a private ceremony on her family's farm in Chester, Vermont.[42] Ferguson announced 14 July 2010 on Twitter that they were expecting a child. He wrote: "Holy crackers! Mrs F is pregnant. How did that happen? ... oh yeah I know how. Another Ferguson arrives in 2011. The world trembles."[43] The child, a boy named Liam James, was born 31 January 2011.[44]
Alcoholism[link]
A recovering alcoholic, Ferguson has been sober since 18 February 1992.[45] Because of this, he declared he wouldn't mock Britney Spears' much-publicized alcohol problems in 2007.[46] He said he had considered committing suicide on Christmas Day 1991, but when offered a drink by a friend for celebrating the holiday, he was distracted from jumping off Tower Bridge in London as he had planned.[3]
Citizenship[link]
Holding dual citizenship, Ferguson is both a naturalized citizen of the United States and a British citizen.
During 2007, Ferguson, who at the time held only British citizenship, used The Late Late Show as a forum for seeking honorary citizenship from every state in the U.S. He has received honorary citizenship from Nebraska, Arkansas, Virginia, Montana, North Dakota, New Jersey, Tennessee, South Carolina, South Dakota, Nevada, Alaska, Texas, Wyoming, Pennsylvania and Indiana, and was "commissioned" as an admiral in the tongue-in-cheek Nebraska Navy.[47] Governors Jon Corzine (New Jersey), John Hoeven (North Dakota), Mark Sanford (South Carolina), Mike Rounds (South Dakota), Rick Perry (Texas), Sarah Palin (Alaska) and Jim Gibbons (Nevada) sent letters to him that made him an honorary citizen of their respective states. He received similar honors from various towns and cities, including Ozark, Arkansas; Hazard, Kentucky; and Greensburg, Pennsylvania.
Ferguson became an American citizen on 1 February 2008[2] and broadcast the taking of his citizenship test as well as his swearing in on The Late Late Show.
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | The Bogie Man | ||
| 1998 | Modern Vampires | Richard | |
| 1999 | The Big Tease | Crawford Mackenzie | Writer |
| 2000 | Chain of Fools | Melander Stevens | |
| 2000 | Born Romantic | Frankie | |
| 2000 | Saving Grace | Matthew Stewart | Writer |
| 2002 | Life Without Dick | Jared O'Reilly | |
| 2002 | Prendimi l'anima (The Soul Keeper) | Richard Fraser | |
| 2003 | I'll Be There | Paul Kerr | Director, Writer |
| 2004 | Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events | Person of Indeterminate Gender | |
| 2004 | Lenny the Wonder Dog | Dr. Wagner | |
| 2005 | Vampire Bats | Fisherman | |
| 2006 | Niagara Motel | Phillie | |
| 2007 | Trust Me | Ted Truman | |
| 2008 | Craig Ferguson: A Wee Bit O' Revolution | ||
| 2009 | The Ugly Truth | Himself | |
| 2010 | The Hero of Color City | ||
| 2010 | How to Train Your Dragon | Gobber | Voice only |
| 2010 | Kick-Ass | Himself | |
| 2011 | Winnie the Pooh | Owl | Voice only |
| 2011 | Totally Framed | Jeffrey Stewart | |
| 2012 | Brave | Lord Macintosh | Voice only |
| 2012 | My Fair Lady | David | Post-production |
| 2014 | How to Train Your Dragon 2 | Gobber | Voice only |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Red Dwarf | Confidence | Episode: Confidence and Paranoia |
| 1989 | The Big Gig | Himself | Regular Comic |
| 1993 | One Foot in the Grave | Glaswegian beach bully | Christmas Special "One foot in the Algarve" |
| 1994 | The Dirt Detective: A History of Scotland | Travel documentary series | Host |
| 1994 | The Ferguson Theory | Himself | Host |
| 1995–1996 | Maybe This Time | Logan McDonough | 18 episodes |
| 1995–1997 | Freakazoid! | Roddy MacStew | 7 episodes |
| 1996–2004 | The Drew Carey Show | Nigel Wick | 170 episodes |
| 2000 | Buzz Lightyear of Star Command | NOS 4 A2 | Voice only, 5 episodes |
| 2005 | Life as We Know It | Oliver Davies | 1 episode |
| 2005–present | The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson | Himself | Host |
| 2006 | American Dad! | Evil Barry | Voice only, Episode: With Friends Like Steve's |
| 2009 | Family Guy | Himself | Episode: We Love You, Conrad |
| 2009 | SpongeBob's Truth or Square | Himself | TV movie |
| 2010 | Futurama | Susan Boil | Episode: Attack of the Killer App |
| 2010 | Shark Week | Himself | Host |
| 2010 | Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon | Gobber | Voice only, TV short film |
Bibliography[link]
- Between the Bridge and the River. Chronicle Books. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8118-5375-0.
- American on Purpose: The Improbable Adventures of an Unlikely Patriot. HarperCollins. 2009. ISBN 978-0-06-171954-7.
Comedy specials[link]
- A Wee Bit o' Revolution. Comedy Central. 2009.
- Does This Need to Be Said? EPIX, Comedy Central. 2011.
Discography[link]
- Live At The Tron (as Bing Hitler). Jammy Records. 1986. Catalogue number JRLP 861.
References[link]
- ^ Tennant, Thomas. "Bio Brief: Craig Ferguson". About.com. http://talkshows.about.com/od/craigferguson/p/BioCraig.htm. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
- ^ a b "Craig Ferguson passes citizenship test". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2008-01-28-craig-ferguson_N.htm. Retrieved 7 April 2007.
- ^ a b c d Andy Borowitz (1 October 2009). "The Scotsman". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/04/books/review/Borowitz-t.html. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ a b Ferguson, American on Purpose, p. 14.
- ^ Ferguson, American on Purpose, p. 31.
- ^ Ferguson, American on Purpose, pp. 66-68.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson Eulogizes his Father". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJWlNPq0ftM. Retrieved 17 August 2008.
- ^ Tucker, Ken (October 12, 2007), "Great Scot", Entertainment Weekly (958), http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20144925,00.html
- ^ Ferguson, American on Purpose, p. 110.
- ^ Ferguson, American on Purpose, pp. 112-113.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson". NNDB. Soylent Communications. http://www.nndb.com/people/262/000087998/. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
- ^ a b c Ferguson, Craig (September 2009). American on Purpose: The Improbable Adventures of an Unlikely Patriot. ISBN 0-06-171954-4.
- ^ "Live At The Tron Discogs entry". http://www.discogs.com/Bing-Hitler-Live-At-The-Tron/release/2150881. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- ^ "The Craig Ferguson Show: listing at imdb". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0398895. Retrieved 6 November 2009.
- ^ Carter, Bill (29 September 2009). "Late Night Transplant Looks Back At His Path". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/29/arts/television/29fergus.html. Retrieved 6 November 2009. "We did it exactly the same except for soccer references instead of baseball, and we brought down the house every night."
- ^ "Craig Ferguson stand-up comedy clip". Scotland on TV. SMG Productions. http://www.scotlandontv.tv/scotland_on_tv/video.html?vxSiteId=60fdd544-9c52-4e17-be7e-57a2a2d76992&vxChannel=Culture%20On%20Stage&vxClipId=1380_SMG1264&vxBitrate=300. Retrieved 23 October 2008.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson in Dirt Detective". Scotland on TV. SMG Productions. http://www.scotlandontv.tv/scotland_on_tv/video.html?vxSiteId=60fdd544-9c52-4e17-be7e-57a2a2d76992&vxChannel=History%20Archaeology&vxClipId=1380_SMG124&vxBitrate=300. Retrieved 22 October 2008.
- ^ a b c Craig Ferguson 'may be next Letterman'. The Sunday Times.
- ^ Conversations with Michael Eisner
- ^ "Jay and Conan Rule The Late-Night Week, Stretching Their Year-Ago Leads". NBC Universal. http://nbcumv.com/entertainment/release_detail.nbc/entertainment-20070510000000-jayandconanrulet.html. Retrieved 18 May 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Ferguson beats Conan in ratings for 1st time". cnn.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080512225331/http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/TV/04/11/tv.fergusons.first.ap/. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
- ^ broadcastingcable.com
- ^ "Ferguson to host U.S. "People's Choice Awards" show". The America's Intelligence Wire. 26 October 2005. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9810530_ITM. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
- ^ "Bush pokes fun at his successors". BBC News. 27 April 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7369510.stm. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson (I)". http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0272401/. Retrieved 30 September 2009.
- ^ "SpongeBob and Sandy to Tie the Knot". http://www.onewed.com/news/2009/10/14/spongebob-squarepants-tie-knot.
- ^ "Toby Releases Star-Studded “Stupid,” “Perfect” Song". http://www.countryweekly.com/news/toby-releases-star-studded-stupid-perfect-song. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
- ^ Steinberg, Jacques (4 April 2006). "From Craig Ferguson, a Novel Born of Literary Rambles". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/04/arts/04ferg.html. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
- ^ http://www.chroniclebooks.com/Chronicle/excerpt/0811853756a.html
- ^ "Letterman interviews Ferguson about Novel, 2006". http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQA-W4htXaY.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson set to pen memoirs." Variety. May 2008.
- ^ "American on Purpose: Book Description". http://www.harpercollins.com/books/9780061719547/American_on_Purpose/index.aspx. Retrieved 2009.
- ^ http://www.amazon.com/dp/0061719544
- ^ http://www.grammy.com/nominees?year=2010&genre=32. Retrieved on 2010-12-2.
- ^ "Episode dated 21 July 2009". The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. 21 July 2009. CBS.
- ^ "FAA Airmen Certification Database". Federal Aviation Administration. https://amsrvs.registry.faa.gov/airmeninquiry/Detail.aspx?uniqid=A4806608&certNum=1. [dead link]
- ^ a b "Episode dated 22 September 2009". The View. 22 September 2009. ABC.
- ^ "The Rallying Cry of the Robot Skeleton Army". tweetphoto. 11 February 2010. http://tweetphoto.com/10992555.
- ^ American on Purpose, p. 259
- ^ "Episode dated 8 December 2008". The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson. 8 December 2008.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson Biography". Yahoo!. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800019502/bio. Retrieved 24 April 2007.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson Biography". http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/28521674/?GT1=43001. Retrieved 6 January 2009.
- ^ http://twitter.com/CraigyFerg/status/18543480521
- ^ "It's a Boy for Craig Ferguson". http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20463119,00.html. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson interview". CBS News. 20 February 2007. http://www.showbuzz.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/20/tv/main2493280.shtml.
- ^ "Craig Ferguson Refuses To Do Spears Jokes". CBS News. 21 February 2007. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/21/earlyshow/leisure/celebspot/main2498408.shtml.
- ^ Stoddard, Martha (3 July 2007). "Nebraska honors 'Late Late Show' host Craig Ferguson". Omaha World-Herald. http://dev.libraryo.com/Article.aspx?num=165977636. Retrieved 29 February 2012.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Craig Ferguson |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Craig Ferguson |
- Craig Ferguson at the Internet Movie Database
- Craig Ferguson on Twitter
- Craig Ferguson Interview on The Hour with George Stroumboulopoulos
- Craig Ferguson and Megan Wallace Cunningham
- The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson
| Media offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Craig Kilborn |
Host of The Late Late Show (CBS TV series) 2005–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
|
||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ferguson, Craig |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Actor, stand-up comedian, writer and television host |
| Date of birth | 17 May 1962 |
| Place of birth | Glasgow, Scotland |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Craig_Ferguson
Related pages:
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http://fr.wn.com/Craig Ferguson
http://pt.wn.com/Craig Ferguson
http://de.wn.com/Craig Ferguson
http://it.wn.com/Craig Ferguson
http://pl.wn.com/Craig Ferguson
http://es.wn.com/Craig Ferguson
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Ferguson
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Greta Van Susteren | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | (1954-06-11) June 11, 1954 (age 58) Appleton, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Education | University of Wisconsin-Madison Georgetown University Law Center |
| Occupation | Host of On the Record (Fox News Channel) |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Religion | Scientology |
| Spouse | John P. Coale |
| Website | |
| Bio on FoxNews.com | |
Greta Van Susteren (born June 11, 1954) is an American commentator and television personality on the Fox News Channel, where she hosts On the Record w/ Greta Van Susteren. A former criminal defense and civil trial lawyer, she appeared as a legal analyst on CNN co-hosting Burden of Proof with Roger Cossack from 1994 to 2002, playing defense attorney to Cossack's prosecutor.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Van Susteren was born in Appleton, Wisconsin, and is of Dutch, French, Irish, Icelandic and German ancestry on her paternal side.[1] Van Susteren's father, Urban Van Susteren, an elected judge, was a longtime friend of U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy, and a campaign strategist for him, although Urban later broke with him.[2]
Van Susteren's sister, Lise, is a forensic psychiatrist in Bethesda, Maryland. In 2006, Lise was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate.[3] Her brother, Dirk Van Susteren, was a journalist and long-time editor of the Vermont Sunday magazine, jointly published, until folding in 2008, by the Rutland Herald and the Barre-Montpelier-Times Argus.[4]
Career[link]
Van Susteren graduated from Xavier High School in Appleton in 1972 and the University of Wisconsin in Madison in 1976, where she studied geography and economics. She later earned a law degree from Georgetown University Law Center in 1979 and prior to the start of her television work returned to Georgetown Law as an adjunct faculty member in addition to her full-time legal career.
During coverage of the O. J. Simpson murder trial, she appeared regularly on CNN as a legal analyst.[5] This led to her stint as co-host of CNN's Burden of Proof and The Point.
In 2002, Van Susteren switched to the Fox News Channel after a highly publicized contract bidding war. According to People Magazine, Van Susteren has utilized cosmetic surgery to enhance her screen presentation.[6] Since then, she has hosted the current affairs show On the Record w/ Greta Van Susteren.
Personal life[link]
Van Susteren married tort lawyer John P. Coale in 1988.[7] Coale, a self-described "ambulance chaser", became known as "Bhopal Coale" for his solicitation of clients among victims of the Bhopal disaster.[8] He has served as an adviser for Sarah Palin.[9]
Van Susteren and her husband are members of the Church of Scientology.[7][10]
Since 2006, she has been part owner of a restaurant, the Old Mill Inn, in Mattituck, New York, on the North Fork of Long Island.[11]
In recognition of her Dutch heritage she was asked to assume the role of Honorary Chairperson of the Little Chute Windmill Committee. The windmill, an authentic reproduction of a Dutch one, will be built in Little Chute, Wisconsin, where Van Susteren's family lived for some time.[12]
References[link]
- ^ "Letters from Greta". Classic Wisconsin. http://www.classicwisconsin.com/features/gretaletter.html.
- ^ "A Call to Action". Fox News. November 7, 2005. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,174763,00.html. Retrieved July 4 2010.
- ^ Wagner, John (September 1, 2005). "Lise Van Susteren Joins Md. Senate Race". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/01/AR2005090101372.html.
- ^ "Dirk Van Susteren". Maple Corner Media. http://www.maplecornermedia.com/vansusteren.html. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
- ^ "Greta Van Susteren - Biography". Answers.com. http://www.answers.com/topic/greta-van-susteren. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
- ^ Smolowe, Jill (February 18, 2002). "People, "Nipped, Tucked, and Talking"". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20136440,00.html. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
- ^ a b Jacoby, Mary (December 13, 1998). "High profile couple never pairs church and state". St. Petersburg Times. http://www.sptimes.com/Floridian/121398/High_profile_couple_n.html.
- ^ Goldberg, Jonah (October 26, 1998). "Regrettable Van Susteren". National Review. http://old.nationalreview.com/flashback/flashback-goldberg010302.shtml.
- ^ Stelter, Brian (May 25, 2009). "A Host Defends Her Brand". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/business/media/25greta.html?_r=1&ref=business.
- ^ Dunn, Geoffrey (May 2011). The Lies of Sarah Palin. St. Martin's Press. p. 396. ISBN 0-312-60186-7.
- ^ "Lobster Van Susteren, Anyone?". New York Magazine. July 24, 2006. http://nymag.com/news/intelligencer/18486/. Retrieved July 4, 2010.
- ^ "GoDutch". GoDutch. April 7, 2007. http://www.godutch.com/windmill/newsItem.asp?id=1152. Retrieved May 16, 2010.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Greta Van Susteren |
- FOX News Bio of Greta Van Susteren
- On the Record w/Greta Van Susteren, from FOXnews.com
- Blog
- Greta Van Susteren at the Internet Movie Database
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Van Susteren, Greta |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | lawyer, television presenter |
| Date of birth | 1954-06-11 |
| Place of birth | Appleton, Wisconsin, USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
