History of the Greek language (see also: Greek alphabet)

Proto-Greek (c. 3000–1600 BC)

Mycenaean (c. 1600–1100 BC)

Ancient Greek (c. 800–330 BC) Dialects: Aeolic, Arcadocypriot, Attic-Ionic, Doric, Locrian, Pamphylian, Homeric Greek, Macedonian

Koine Greek (c. 330 BC–330)

Medieval Greek (330–1453)

Modern Greek (from 1453) Dialects: Calabrian, Cappadocian, Cheimarriotika, Cretan, Cypriot, Demotic, Griko, Katharevousa, Pontic, Tsakonian, Maniot, Yevanic This box: view talk edit *Dates (beginning with Ancient Greek) from Wallace, D. B. (1996). Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics: An Exegetical Syntax of the New Testament. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. p. 12. ISBN 0310218950.

The Cypriot dialect of Modern Greek, known as "Kypriaka" (Greek: Κυπριακά), Cypriot Greek (Greek: Κυπριακή διάλεκτος, "Cypriot dialect")^[1] is spoken by 750,000 people in Cyprus and diaspora Greek Cypriots. Cypriot Greek is distinct enough that it can be classified as a distinct dialect of the Standard Greek.^[2] In Cyprus, the dialect is more similar to Classical Greek [grc] in vocabulary and grammar than that spoken in Greece.

Usage and settings[link]

It is the spoken everyday language of most Greek Cypriots. There is diglossia (in the linguistic sense) between Dhimotiki and the dialect. There are specific settings where speaking Standard Greek is demanded or considered polite, such as in school classes (but not during breaks), in parliament, in the media, and in the presence of non-Cypriot Greeks. Cypriot Greek is common on the internet,^[3][4] in e-mails and on SMSs

In general, the stronger the use of dialect in a speaker (closer to the basilect), the more likely he is to be perceived as a peasant or of an uneducated and poor background. This can be particularly stigmatizing within formal and upper class circles.

The social consensus on the High and Low roles of the acrolect and basilect make Cypriot diglossia more like the diglossia of Greece in the mid 19th century (when Dhimotiki was stigmatised), and less like the diglossia of the 20th century (when the consensus had broken down, and Dhimotiki and Katharevousa were competing to become the High language). Cypriot diglossia makes the dialect one of only three Greek dialects currently still widely used; the others, Pontic Greek, Cretan Greek. Pontic Greek is healthier in the former Soviet Union and Turkey than in Greece itself, where its use is increasingly emblematic. Accordingly, Cypriot is the only Greek dialect with a significant presence of spontaneous use online, including blogs and bulletin boards, and even a version of Greeklish reflecting the dialect's distinct phonology.

History and literature[link]

The modern Cypriot dialect is not an evolution of the ancient Arcadocypriot dialect, but evolved from Koine; it belongs to the Southeastern group of Modern Greek dialects, along with the dialects of the Dodecanese and Chios (with which it shares phonological phenomena such as gemination and intervocalic lenition). Cyprus was cut off from the rest of the Greek-speaking world from the 7th to the 10th century A.D due to Arab attacks. It was reintegrated in the Byzantine Empire in 962 to be isolated again in 1191 when it fell to the hands of crusaders. This isolation developed a lot of linguistic characteristics distinct from Byzantine Greek.

The legislation of the Kingdom of Cyprus in the Middle Ages was written in the dialect. Other important medieval works are the chronicles of Leontios Makhairas and George Boustronios, as well as a collection of sonnets in the manner of Francesco Petrarca.

In the past hundred years, the dialect has been used in poetry, major poets being Vasilis Michaelides and Dimitris Lipertis. It is also traditionally used for folk songs and poetry, including τσιαττιστά (battle poetry, a form of Playing the dozens) and the tradition of ποιητάρηες (bards). In the late 70ties Minister of Education Chrysostomos A. Sofianos upgraded the status of the Cypriot dialect by introducing it in education. More recently it has been used in Reggae by Hadji Mike and rap by several Cypriot hip hop groups. DNA (Dimiourgoi Neas Antilipsis), a hiphop group from Cyprus, released an album named "sihnotites" with 2 tracks in Cypriot. (See also Music of Cyprus).

Locally produced television shows, usually comedies or soap operas, make use of the dialect. For example Vourate Geitonoi (βουράτε instead of τρέξτε), Oi Takkoi (Τάκκος being a uniquely Cypriot name), and Istories tou Horkou (χωρκού rather than χωριού). Cypriot Greek is closer to classical Greek, in some respects, such as vocabulary and grammar, than standard Greek is.^{[citation needed]} The 2006 feature film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest features actor Jimmy Roussounis arguing in the Greek Cypriot dialect with another crew member speaking Gibrizlidja about a captain's hat they find in the sea.Peter Polycarpou routinely spoke in the Greek Cypriot dialect in his role as Chris Theodopolopoudos in the British television comedy series Birds of a Feather.

Characteristics[link]

Phonology[link]

1. Double consonants preserved the stressed pronunciation of Ancient Greek.
   1. Double unvoiced plosives (⟨ττ⟩, ⟨ππ⟩, ⟨κκ⟩) are pronounced aspirated ([tʰ], [pʰ], [kʰ] or [cʰ] depending on the succeeding vowel).
   2. The rest of the double consonants are pronounced as geminates. (e.g. ⟨λλ⟩ as [lː], ⟨μμ⟩ as [mː], etc.)
2. Extreme "palatalization" of Greek velars to palato-alveolars when followed by the front vowels [e] and [i] and the semivowel [j], very similar to how standard Italian developed from Latin. It should be noted that Standard Greek pronunciation exhibits true palatalization of velars to palatals ([k] > [c] and [x] > [ç]). The palato-alveolars in Cypriot Greek can be found both as affricates ([tʃ]) and fricatives ([ʃ]):
   1. The "palatalization" of kappa, i.e. κ > κ

      Standard Greek [c] becomes a soft affricate [tʃ]. This sound is usually represented with ⟨τζι⟩ or ⟨κ⟩. For example, Standard Greek "καί" [ce] meaning 'and' becomes Cypriot Greek "τζιαί" or "καί" [tʃe]. Also Standard Greek "εκείνος" [eˈcinos] becomes "κείνος" [ˈtʃinos]. Note, however, that this is not a hard and fast rule (counter-examples include loans from Standard Greek: κηδεία, κέρδος, άκυρο, ρακέττα).

   2. The "palatalization" of kappa after a sigma, ⟨σκ⟩. Standard Greek [sc] becomes the double fricative [ʃː].
   3. The "palatalization" of double kappa, ⟨κκ⟩. Pronounced in standard Greek as single [k], in Cypriot it becomes an aspirated affricate [tʃʰ].
   4. The "palatalization" of chi, ⟨χ⟩. Standard Greek [ç] becomes [ʃ] in Cypriot, and it can be written as ⟨σι⟩ or ⟨χ⟩. For example, Standard Greek "χέρι" [ˈçeri] ('hand') becomes "σιέρι" or "χέρι" [ˈʃeri].
3. Voicing of ⟨φ⟩, ⟨θ⟩ and ⟨χ⟩ (aspirated consonants in Ancient Greek) before liquids and nasals, to ⟨β⟩, ⟨δ⟩ and ⟨γ⟩ respectively. (e.g. Cypriot "γρόνος" instead of "χρόνος" ('year'), "άδρωπος" (man) instead of "άνθρωπος" ('human'). In Cypriot dialect, άδρωπος means man and not human, while human is called πλάσμα. This process is partially reversed in younger speakers due to the influence of Standard Greek.
4. Deletion of ⟨β⟩, ⟨δ⟩, ⟨γ⟩, voiced intervocalic fricatives; e.g. κοπελλούδιν > κοππελούιν "little child". In linguistic texts, the deleted fricative is sometimes put in brackets for clarity: κοππελού(δ)ιν.
5. /x/ > /θ/: e.g. άνθρωπος > άχρωπος "human"
6. Defrication of [ʝ]/[ç] that function as semi-vowels in Modern Greek to [c] with most of the time modification of the preceding consonant. (e.g. "ποιός" [pços] in Cypriot Greek would be pronounced as "πκοιός" [pcos], and "σπίτια" [ˈspitça] as "σπίθκια" [ˈspiθca]). This is carried further in some parts of Cyprus where speakers use e.g. "πσοιός" [pʃos].
7. External sandhi rules for word-final nasal consonants:
   1. /n/ before bilabials becomes [m]: e.g. "τον μωρόν" [to mːoron] the baby (acc.).^{[clarification needed]}
   2. /n/ before velars becomes [ŋ]: e.g. "την κρατικήν" [tiŋ ɡratiˈcin] ('governmental', acc.).
   3. Standard Greek sandhi rules for word-final [n] do not apply to Cypriot Greek; the /n/ is used much more frequently in Cypriot Greek.
8. The vowel eta ⟨η⟩ is in some words pronounced which according to the "Erasmian" understanding is ancient Greek. A basic common example would be "μην", in Cypriot "μεν".

Consonants[link]

The Greek Cypriot dialect is rich in consonants; it includes postalveolar consonants, which are lacking from Standard Greek, as well as palatal consonants and a trill, which are present but non-contrastive in Standard Greek.^[5]

Vowels[link]

Cypriot Greek has a five vowel system similar to that of Standard Greek. /o̞/ is more open than the Standard Greek one, while /u/ is somewhat more peripheral. Furthermore, devoicing and elision of close vowels, which are very common in Standard Greek, are much rarer in Cypriot Greek.^[6]

Morphology[link]

• Present participles ending in -οντα instead of Modern Greek -οντας.
• Archaisms such as the use of infinitives as nouns (e.g. το δειν, the gaze)
• In slang. the Turkish derivational suffix -lik, added as -λίκκι(ν), is used to transform a concrete noun to an abstract noun as noted here. For example: "ο πρόεδρος" ('president') yields "το προεδριλίκκι" ('presidency').

Note: The incorporation of this particular type of Turkish morphology is also found in Standard Greek, however as the suffix -λίκι.
Cypriot Greek used two κ to phonologically imitate the aspirated k of Turkish.

• The suffixes -ούης/-ούα/-ούι(ν) for masculine, feminine and neuter respectively, are used to derive diminutives of nouns, in place of Standard Greek -άκης/-ίτσα/-άκι. The Cypriot Greek suffixes derive from the original -ούδης/-ούδα/-ούδι(ν) with the drop of intervocalic ⟨δ⟩. For example, "καττούιν" would be a heavily Cypriot version of "γατούδι" ('kitty').

Vocabulary[link]

• The Modern Cypriot lexicon contains loanwords mostly from Old French, Italian, Provençal, and few words from other languages. Additionally, non-Muslim speakers use standard Muslim Arabic expressions such as mashalla(h) and halali, which have become part of the vocabulary, while Muslim speakers use Christian expressions form Greek such as "a, panayia mou!"
• The Cypriot lexicon also contains Ancient Greek vocabulary which is no longer used in Standard Greek, for instance: Συντυχάννω/λαλώ (talk), or Αρέσκει μου (I like) with the κ in tact from classical, and πλάσματα (people).
• Different names for foodstuff to standard modern Greek. For example prickly pears are commonly found both on Crete and Cyprus. In Greece including Crete they are known as "φραγκόσυκα" (i.e. "Frankish figs"), and in Cyprus they are known as "παπουτσόσυκα" (i.e. "shoe figs").

Syntax[link]

• The verb is: ένι and εν instead of είναι (Modern Greek). εν is ambiguous between the negative particle (Standard Greek δεν), in front of a verb (e.g. εν πειράζει = δεν πειράζει "it doesn't matter"), and the copula (e.g. εν καλά = είναι καλά "he/she/it is well").
• "έννα" used as the Future particle, in contrast to standard Greek "θα" (each of these being a different contraction from θέλει νά)
• Personal pronouns

Note: εγιώ/εγιώνι and εσού/εσούνι are currently not in use as much as standard Greek εγώ and εσύ. Τούντο is a contraction of Τούτον το etc. Both forms can be used e.g. Τούτον το πράμαν = τούντο πράμαν.

Besides τούτος as a generic demonstrative, there is also the more specific spatial demonstrative pronoun τζείνος, -η, -ο ('him/her/that there'). (From Standard Greek εκείνος).

• Order of personal pronoun-verb is different than modern Greek, example:

"(He) told me" in Cypriot is "Είπεν μου" instead of standard modern Greek "μου είπε"

Spelling[link]

While the σι spelling is commonly used to represent [ʃ], it presupposes a following vowel, e.g. σιέρι. When [ʃ] is found at the end of the word or before a consonant (in loan words), the σι spelling cannot be used. For example the word /paʃ/ < the Turkish baş meaning "main"(or "head"), cannot be spelled as πάσι, since that will be interpreted as [ˈpasi]. Since diacritics are not used outside linguistics, Cypriots will frequently double σ as σς or recourse to the English spelling instead: πασς or παsh.

Metathesis[link]

Sometimes two-syllable words are inverted. For example κλάτσες instead of κάλτσες (socks).

Names[link]

• Cypriot Greeks may have standard Greek patronyms, like Papadopoulos, but there are some which are clearly Cypriot Greek. There are some names which indicate place of birth or origin, e.g. Παφίτης being from Paphos, or Καϊμακλιώτης being from Kaimakli, or professional occupation e.g. Σκαρπάρης (shoemaker), Κωμοδρόμος (smith) etc. As most Cypriots used patronymics until independence (1960) when surnames became officially used in public registers, a similar process of creation of surnames took place to that of other Greek speaking populations outside the Hellenic Republic e.g. the Pontians . A good example would be Ευσταθιάδου (bearing the also commonly Pontian -άδης (masc.)/ -άδου (fem.) ending). Additionally, Cypriot patronymy includes a couple of semi-diphthongs in some names, i.e. beginning with Ττ or Κκ marking aspirated unvoiced plosives, e.g. Ττοφή .^[7]

• Cypriot first names include: Γιωρκής, Στυλλής, Αλισαβού, Πκιερής.

• Also there are names which, whilst normal names elsewhere, are unusual except in Cyprus where they are more highly concentrated. Examples include: Βαρνάβας, Βερεγγάρια, Δωμέτιος, Μάμας, Μάριος and Νεόφυτος.

• In keeping with older traditions of Greeks, Cypriots often have as their patronym, literally, the name of the father. At the same time the first-born son may take as a first name his paternal grandfather's name^[8] (sometimes a second-born son taking as his name the maternal grandfather's name) leading to repetition. For example a grandfather being called Γεώργιος Αργυρού, his son being named Σάββας Γεωργίου, and the grandson called Γεώργιος Γεωργίου(/Σαββίδης).

Insults[link]

Whereas in Greece the imperative "μαλάκα!" now is more often used in jest, and comes close to meaning something like "mate!",^[9] in Cyprus it remains highly offensive and literally "wanker!". Cypriots also use a Turkish word for pimp namely "(ρε) πεζεβέγκι!"

See also[link]

• Cypriot Turkish
• List of Cypriots

References[link]

• Beaudouin, M. 1884: Étude du dialecte chypriote moderne et medieval [Study of the Modern and Medieval Cypriot Dialect] (Paris).
• Horrocks, G. 1997: Greek: A History of the Language and its Speakers (London), ελλ. μτφ. υπό Μ. Σταύρου & Μ. Τζεβελέκου (Αθήνα 2006).
• Thumb, A. 1909: Handbuch der griechischen Dialekte [Handbook of Greek Dialects] (Heidelberg).
• Κοντοσόπουλος, Ν. 1994(2): Διάλεκτοι και Ιδιώματα της Νέας Ελληνικής [Dialects and Properties of Neo-Hellenic] (Αθήνα).
• Μενάρδος, Σ. 1969: Γλωσσικαί Μελέται [Language Studies] (Λευκωσία).
• Μηνάς, Κ. 1987: «Αφομοίωση του ερρίνου με τους άηχους κλειστούς φθόγγους στην ελληνική γλώσσα» [Assimilation of Nasal with Silent Closed Sounds in the Greek Language] ― Πρακτικά Β΄ Διεθνούς Κυπριολογικού Συνεδρίου, τόμ. 3, σελ. 253-283 (Λευκωσία).
• Μηνάς, Κ. 2000: «Φωνητικά και ετυμολογικά τής Κυπριακής διαλέκτου» [Phonetics and Etymologies of the Cypriot Dialect] ― Νεοελληνική Διαλεκτολογία 3, σελ. 151-188
• Newton, B. 1972: Cypriot Greek. Its phonology and inflexion (The Hague: Mouton).
• Παντελίδης, Χ. 1929: Φωνητική των Νεοελληνικών Ιδιωμάτων Κύπρου, Δωδεκανήσου και Ικαρίας [Phonetics of Neo-Hellenic Dialects of Cyprus, Dodecanese, and Icaria] (Αθήνα).
• Χατζηιωάννου, Κ. 1996: Ετυμολογικό Λεξικό τής Ομιλουμένης Κυπριακής Διαλέκτου [Etymological Dictionary of the Spoken Cypriot Dialect] (Λευκωσία).
• Χατζηιωάννου, Κ. 1999: Γραμματική τής Ομιλουμένης Κυπριακής Διαλέκτου [Grammar of the Spoken Cypriot Dialect] (Λευκωσία).
• Χριστοδούλου, Μ. 1970: "Περί των διαλεκτικών ζωνών εν τη νέα Ελληνική γλώσση και της θέσεως της κυπριακής διαλέκτου εν αυταίς" [The Position of the Cypriot Dialect within the Dialectical Zones of the Neo-Hellenic Language] - Επετηρίς Κέντρου Επιστημονικών Ερευνών Κύπρου, τόμ. 3, σελ. 119-138.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Κυπριακή διάλεκτος (Ι)
• Κυπριακή διάλεκτος (ΙΙ)
• Κυπριακή διάλεκτος (ΙΙI)

Software[link]

• Cypriot Greek Keyboard with IPA Symbols
• Cypriot Greek Keyboard Polytonic

v t e Greek language · Eλληνική γλώσσα History Proto-Greek (c. 3000–1600 BC) Mycenaean (c. 1600–1000 BC) Ancient Greek (c. 1000–330 BC) Koine Greek (c. 330 BC–AD 330) Medieval Greek (330–1453) Modern Greek (from 1453) Alphabet Archaic alphabets Orthography Diacritics History Romanization Greeklish Numerals Linear B Cypriot syllabary Letters Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta Eta Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu Xi Omicron Pi Rho Sigma Tau Upsilon Phi Chi Psi Omega Obsolete: Digamma Heta Koppa Stigma San Sampi Phonology Ancient Greek (accent) Koine Greek Modern Greek Grammar Ancient Greek (tables) Modern Greek Dialects Cappadocian Cretan Cypriot Chalkidiki Demotic Greek-Calabrian Griko Katharevousa Misthiotica Pontic Tsakonian Yevanic Literature Ancient Greek Byzantine Modern Greek Related topics Greek Wikipedia Exonyms Morphemes Terms of Endearment Place names Proverbs Greek language question Graeco-Armenian Graeco-Aryan Pre-Greek substrate Promotion and study Hellenic Foundation for Culture Center for the Greek language

The Greek is a fictional character on the HBO drama The Wire, played by actor Bill Raymond. The Greek is the head of an international criminal organization involved in narcotics and human trafficking.^[1] The Greek is a mysterious figure involved in numerous criminal activities. His given name is never mentioned on the show, and though he is known only as "The Greek", he has stated (in the episode Port in a Storm) that he is not actually Greek. A quiet and unassuming man, the Greek prefers to keep a low profile, operating all of his business through his lieutenant Spiros "Vondas" Vondopoulos. His smuggling organization operated from a small diner in Baltimore for years, and while Vondas would conduct business the Greek would listen in quietly at the counter. Nick Sobotka, upon seeing the Greek identify himself, was amazed that the shadowy figure had been in plain sight the entire time.

Despite his calm appearance, the Greek is cunning and ruthless, and only interested in facts that make him more money. Series creator David Simon has said that The Greek is an embodiment of raw unencumbered capitalism.^[2] Anyone interfering in this process is eliminated immediately, and he prefers to leave victims headless and handless to hinder identification.

The Greek's smuggling operation includes importing sex trade workers, illicit drugs, stolen goods and chemicals for drug processing. He bribes union stevedores to move containers through the Baltimore port for him and uses his muscle, Sergei "Serge" Malatov, to run containers back and forth from the port to his warehouse, a front managed by "Double G" Glekas. The Greek supplies the major drug dealers in East Baltimore with pure cocaine and heroin, using Eton Ben-Eleazer to move his drugs. His chief client is Proposition Joe, but he is also affiliated with smaller drug dealing organizations like those run by "White Mike" McArdle. His sex trade interests in Baltimore include a brothel run by a madam named Ilona Petrovitch, bringing in girls from eastern Europe. He manages to avoid prosecution for his crimes because an FBI counter-terrorism agent named Kristos Koutris tips him off if a criminal investigation gets too close. It is suggested he and Vondas may serve as federal informants.

Biography[link]

Season 2[link]

The Greek began to draw police attention in Baltimore when his contact at the docks, Frank Sobotka, became the target of an investigation. At the same time a container of thirteen dead young women intended for the sex trade was discovered at the docks, triggering a high-profile homicide investigation. The container belonged to the Greek and the girls were killed by a crewman onboard the vessel that had delivered them. The ship's crew had been paying the girls for sex and when one of the girls refused, she was killed. The crewman responsible dumped her overboard and collapsed the air pipe to kill the remaining women. The Greek had Sergei track the crewman down, interrogated him personally, and had Vondas kill him.

As the investigation continued the police were able to link Eton and Sergei to the drug smuggling operation. When police began tracking containers as they left the port, The Greek and Vondas began to close down the operation temporarily by dumping their cell phones and stealing "clean" containers. Persuading Sobotka to keep the smuggling operation going he bought further protection from Agent Koutris by betraying a load of Colombian cocaine, giving him time to destroy incriminating evidence in the warehouse and Glekas' store.

The Greek recognized that the investigation was too extensive to stop and made plans to leave, sending Vondas to assure Proposition Joe that supply of drugs would continue albeit with new faces. He attempted to buy Sobotka's silence with promised legal aid for his son, but when he learned from Koutris that Frank was planning to turn informant he had the union man killed. Although Frank's nephew Nick Sobotka was able to identify The Greek in a photo and Sergei was pressured to give up the location of his hotel suite, Vondas and the Greek had already boarded a flight to Chicago. Aware that the Greek and Vondas were gone, the police left the investigation behind and moved on to the drug dealers he supplied.

Seasons 4 & 5[link]

The Greek continued to supply "Proposition Joe" Stewart, who formed an organization with other drug dealers called the New Day Co-Op to provide The Greek's product to them in exchange for reduced violence and sharing of territory. When Omar Little steals an entire shipment of heroin from the Greek's men as it is being delivered to Stewart's people, Marlo Stanfield demands a meeting with Spiros "Vondas" Vondopoulos in order to allay his fears that Stewart was responsible.^[3][4] Once Stanfield is satisfied, he waits for the Major Crimes Unit's investigation into his activities to cease and then moves to establish a direct relationship with Vondas and the Greek. After getting in communication with Vondas through former soldier Sergei,^[5][6] Marlo eventually sells himself as Joe's replacement by convincing the Greek that he requires an insurance policy in the form of a replacement for Proposition Joe, in the event that anything should happen to him. Realizing that Stanfield will move against Stewart regardless of his approval, the Greek accepts Marlo's proposal to act as an "insurance policy," knowing that it will mean Joe's death.^[7][8]

After Stewart's murder, Stanfield meets with Vondas to initiate their new business relationship.^[9][10] Stanfield's tenure proves short lived when he is forced into retirement by an investigation, and the other Co-Op members purchase the connection from Stanfield. In the closing scenes of the series finale, Slim Charles and Fat-Face Rick take over meeting with Vondas while the Greek listens quietly in the background.^[11][12]

References[link]

George Godley

George Albert Godley (31 October 1857 – 20 July 1941) was a police officer of the Metropolitan Police who was involved in the hunt for Jack the Ripper in 1888.^[1]

Born at East Grinstead in Sussex in 1857, Godley initially worked as a sawyer. He then joined the Metropolitan Police on 26 February 1877, and was assigned warrant number 61230.^[2] At the time of the Jack the Ripper murders in 1888 Godley was a Sergeant in London's J Division (Bethnal Green). He transferred to H Division (Whitechapel) where he assisted Inspector Frederick Abberline in the hunt for the killer. The Times of 12 November 1888 reported:

"Since the murders in Berner Street, St. Georges, and Mitre Square, Aldgate, on September 30th, Detective Inspectors Reid, Moore and Nairn, and Sergeants Thick, Godley, M'Carthy and Pearce have been constantly engaged, under the direction of Inspector Abberline (Scotland Yard), in prosecuting inquiries, but, unfortunately, up to the present time without any practical result. As an instance of the magnitude of their labours, each officer has had, on average, during the last six weeks to make some 30 separate inquiries weekly, and these have had to be made in different portions of the metropolis and suburbs. Since the two above-mentioned murders no fewer than 1,400 letters relating to the tragedies have been received by the police, and although the greater portion of these gratuitous communications were found to be of a trivial and even ridiculous character, still each one was thoroughly investigated. On Saturday (10th November) many more letters were received, and these are now being inquired into."^[3]

When Godley arrested poisoner George Chapman in 1903 the then retired Inspector Abberline allegedly said "You have caught Jack the Ripper at last" or similar words.^[1][4]

Godley retired on 20 January 1908 by which time he was an Inspector in K Division.^[2] He died in July 1941 aged 84.

His nephew was Sidney Frank Godley who won the Victoria Cross during World War I.

In fiction[link]

In the 1988 TV miniseries Jack the Ripper starring Michael Caine Godley was played by Lewis Collins^[5] and in the 2001 film From Hell starring Johnny Depp the character 'Peter Godley' played by Robbie Coltrane was based on George Godley.^[6]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Godley on the Casebook: Jack the Ripper website

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010)

Michael Attalides (Michalis Attalidis) is a prominent Cypriot academic, former civil servant and diplomat to Cyprus. He is the current Rector at the University of Nicosia in Nicosia, Cyprus.

After graduating from the London School of Economics and Political Science with a BSc in Economics, he received an MA and, in 1966, a PhD in Sociology from Princeton University.

He has represented the Republic of Cyprus as its Ambassador in a number of capitals, including Paris, London, and the European Union in Brussels, before being appointed Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He has also represented the Cyprus Government in the European Convention.

Following his retirement from civil service, he has been Dean of the School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law at Intercollege, a lecturer in Sociology at the University of Leicester, a counterpart to the UNESCO Expert at the Cyprus Social Research Centre and a guest lecturer at the Free University of Berlin.

He is currently the Rector at the University of Nicosia, formerly called Intercollege, in Nicosia, Cyprus, serving on the Council and the Senate of the University.

He has published several books including Cyprus: Nationalism and International Politics, and Social Change and Urbanisation in Cyprus. He has also published a number of articles on society and politics in Cyprus and Greece.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Profile of Professor Michael Attalides, Rector of the University of Nicosia. University of Nicosia official website.
• Profile of Michael Attalides, Rector of Intercollege. Intercollege official website.
• Right of Reply : Michael Attalides. The Independent, 21 July 1999.