Increasing ccTLD Domain Name PPC Revenue Secret
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- Duration: 1:22
- Published: 29 Mar 2010
- Uploaded: 17 Jul 2010
- Author: digitalbroker
A little known secret on how to to increase your ccTLD domain name parking revenue.
Cctld
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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cr.yp.to
http://wn.com/crypto -
Jon Postel
Jonathan Bruce Postel (; August 6, 1943 – October 16, 1998) was an American computer scientist who made many significant contributions to the development of the Internet, particularly with respect to standards. He is known principally for being the Editor of the Request for Comment (RFC) document series, and for administering the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority until his death. The Internet Society's Postel Award is named in his honor, as is the Postel Center at Information Sciences Institute.
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Shanghai
Shanghai (; Shanghainese: Zånhae ; ) is the most populous city in China and the most populous city proper in the world. A global city, Shanghai exerts influence over global commerce, finance, culture, art, fashion, research and entertainment. The city is located at the middle portion of the Chinese coast, and sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River.
http://wn.com/Shanghai
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Andorra
Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra (), also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, (), is a small country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of and an estimated population of 83,888 in 2009. Its capital, Andorra la Vella, is the highest capital city in Europe, being at an elevation of 1023 metres. The official language is Catalan, although Spanish, French, and Portuguese are also commonly spoken.
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Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda (; Spanish for "ancient" and "bearded") is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guinea, Long, Maiden and York Islands). Separated by a few sea miles, the group is in the middle of the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17 degrees north of the Equator. Being a former part of the British Empire has strongly influenced the country's governance, language, and culture.
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Armenia
Armenia (, transliterated : Hayastan, ), officially the Republic of Armenia (, Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun, ), is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Situated at the juncture of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the de facto independent Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.
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Ascension Island
Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island in the equatorial waters of the South Atlantic Ocean, around from the coast of Africa, and from the coast of South America which is roughly midway between the horn of South America and Africa. It is politically organized and governed as part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha from the capital Saint Helena, which is to the southeast, and the territory also includes the "remotest populated archipelago" on earth, the sparsely populated Tristan da Cunha archipelago some thirty degrees farther south — about half the way to the Antarctic circle. The Island is named after the day of its recorded discovery, Ascension Day, and is located at about as far south of the equator as tropical Venezuela is to its north. Historically, it has played a role as an important safe haven and coaling station to mariners and for commercial airliners during the days of international air travel by flying boats and during World War II was an important naval and air station, especially providing antisubmarine warfare bases in the Battle of the Atlantic and throughout the war.
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (, ; ; ), is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of the country. With an area of , it is by far the largest German state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Bavaria is Germany's second most populous state (after North Rhine Westphalia) with almost 12.5 million inhabitants, more than any of the three sovereign states on its borders. Bavaria's capital is Munich.
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Belarus
Belarus, ( ; , ), officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno (Hrodna), Gomel (Homiel), Mogilev (Mahilyow) and Vitebsk (Viciebsk). Forty percent of its is forested, and its strongest economic sectors are agriculture and manufacturing.
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Belgium
Belgium (, ), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of , and it has a population of about 10.8 million people.
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Bouvet Island
Bouvet Island () is an uninhabited Antarctic volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 2,525 km south-southwest of South Africa. It is a dependent territory () of Norway and, lying north of 60°S latitude, is not subject to the Antarctic Treaty. The centre of the Island is an ice-filled crater of an inactive volcano, known as the Wilhelm II Plateau. According to some data there is a lake of molten lava within the caldera.
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Cameroon
The Republic of Cameroon () is a country of central and western Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west; Chad to the northeast; the Central African Republic to the east; and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Cameroon's coastline lies on the Bight of Bonny, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. The country is called "Africa in miniature" for its geological and cultural diversity. Natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, and savannas. The highest point is Mount Cameroon in the southwest, and the largest cities are Douala, Yaoundé, and Garoua. Cameroon is home to over 200 different linguistic groups. The country is well known for its native styles of music, particularly makossa and bikutsi, and for its successful national football team. English and French are the official languages.
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Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Colombia
Colombia (), officially the Republic of Colombia (, ), is a constitutional republic in northwestern South America. Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the northwest by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with Venezuela, Jamaica, Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. With a population of over 45 million people, Colombia has the 29th largest population in the world and the second largest in South America, after Brazil. Colombia has the fourth largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico, the United States, and Spain.
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Cook Islands
The Cook Islands (Cook Islands Māori: ''Kūki 'Āirani'') is a self-governing parliamentary democracy in free association with New Zealand. The fifteen small islands in this South Pacific Ocean country have a total land area of 240 square kilometres (92.7 sq mi), but the Cook Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers 1.8 million square kilometres (0.7 million sq mi) of ocean.
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Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko) was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992. From 1939 to 1945 the state did not have de facto existence, due to its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, but the Czechoslovak government-in-exile nevertheless continued to exist during this period. In 1945 the eastern part of Carpathian Ruthenia was taken over by the Soviet Union. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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Djibouti
Djibouti ( Jībūtī), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.
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East Timor
East Timor, officially named Timor-Leste, (Tetum: Timór-Leste; officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste) is a state in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco, and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island, within Indonesian West Timor. The small country of 15,410 km² (5,400 sq mi) is located about 640 km (400 mi) northwest of Darwin, Australia.
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European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Guernsey
The Bailiwick of Guernsey ( ; , ) is a British Crown Dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.
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Iceland
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (; , ), otherwise known simply as Mann (, ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although it does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is the ultimate responsibility of the Crown (i.e., in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
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Italy
Italy (; ), officially the Italian Republic (), is a country located in south-central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia — the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea — and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, whilst Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.4 million inhabitants, it is the sixth most populous country in Europe, and the twenty-third most populous in the world.
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Jersey
The Bailiwick of Jersey (, ; Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands which are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and other rocks and reefs. Together with the Bailiwick of Guernsey, it forms the grouping known as the Channel Islands. Like the Isle of Man, Jersey is a separate possession of the Crown and is not part of the United Kingdom. Jersey has an international identity different from that of the UK, although it belongs to the Common Travel Area and the definition of "United Kingdom" in the British Nationality Act 1981 is interpreted as including the UK and the Islands together. The United Kingdom is constitutionally responsible for the defence of Jersey. Jersey is not a part of the European Union but has a special relationship with it, being treated as part of the European Community for the purposes of free trade in goods.
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Laos
Laos (, , or ), officially the '''Lao People's Democratic Republic''', is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma and People's Republic of China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the south and Thailand to the west.
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Las Vegas, Nevada
:This article is about the city of Las Vegas, Nevada proper, not to be confused with the Las Vegas Strip or the Las Vegas metropolitan area. For other uses of "Las Vegas", see Las Vegas (disambiguation).
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Latvia
Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
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Libya
Libya ( ; Libyan vernacular: Lībya ; Amazigh: ), officially the '''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ( , also translated as Socialist People's Libyan Arab Great Jamahiriya'''), is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
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Liechtenstein
The Principality of Liechtenstein ( ; , ) is a doubly landlocked alpine microstate in Western Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over 160 km² (about 61.7 square miles), and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz; the biggest town is Schaan. Liechtenstein has the highest gross domestic product per person in the world according to the CIA World Factbook.
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Long Island
Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, United States, just east of Manhattan. Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island contains four counties, two of which are boroughs (Queens and Brooklyn) of New York City, and two of which (Nassau and Suffolk) are mainly suburban or rural. In popular usage, the term "Long Island" generally refers only to Nassau and Suffolk counties in order to differentiate them from New York City, though all four counties on the island are part of the New York metropolitan area.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; , Spanish for "The Angels") is the second most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of California and the western United States, with a population of 3.83 million within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Los Angeles extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 14.8 million and it is the 14th largest urban area in the world, affording it megacity status. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is home to nearly 12.9 million residents while the broader Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) contains nearly 17.8 million people. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ().
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Mauritius
Mauritius (; Mauritian Creole: Moris; , ) officially the Republic of Mauritius (Mauritian Creole: Republik Moris; ) is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar. In addition to the island of Mauritius, the Republic includes the islands of Cargados Carajos, Rodrigues and the Agalega Islands. Mauritius Island is part of the Mascarene Islands, with the French island of Réunion to the southwest and the island of Rodrigues to the northeast.
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Minnesota
Minnesota () is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.27 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
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Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova (Moldovan/) is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldovan SSR in 1991, as part of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. A strip of Moldova's internationally recognized territory on the east bank of the river Dniester has been under the de facto control of the breakaway government of Transnistria since 1990.
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Mongolia
Mongolia (; ) is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and the People's Republic of China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to about 38% of the population. Mongolia's political system is a parliamentary republic.
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Montenegro
Montenegro ( or ; Montenegrin: Crna Gora, Црна Гора, , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east and Albania to the southeast. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Prijestonica (Пријестоница), meaning the former Royal Capital City.
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Montserrat
Montserrat () is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It measures approximately 16 km (10 miles) long and 11 km (7 miles) wide, giving of coastline. Christopher Columbus gave Montserrat its name on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, after Montserrat mountain located in Catalonia. Montserrat is nicknamed the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean, both for its resemblance to coastal Ireland and for the Irish descent of its inhabitants.
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua ( ) officially the Republic of Nicaragua (, ), is a representative democratic republic. It is the largest country in Central America with an area of 130,373 km2. The country is bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west of the country, the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country's Caribbean coast is part of the Western Caribbean Zone. Falling within the tropics, Nicaragua sits between 11 degrees and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere. Nicaragua's abundance of biologically significant and unique ecosystems contribute to Mesoamerica's designation as a biodiversity hotspot. The capital city of Nicaragua is Managua. Roughly one quarter of the nation's population lives in the Nicaraguan capital, making it the second largest city and metropolitan area in Central America (following Guatemala City).
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Niue
Niue ( in English, Niuean: Niuē) is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and natives of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to the southeast. The land area is with about 1,400 people who are predominantly Polynesian.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico ( or ), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ( — literally Associated Free State of Puerto Rico), is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands.
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Saint Barthélemy
Saint Barthélemy (, ; ), officially the Collectivity of Saint Barthelemy (French: Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy), is an overseas collectivity of France. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barts in English, the collectivity is one of the four territories among the Leeward Islands in the northeastern Caribbean that comprise the French West Indies, along with Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint Martin.
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Saint Helena
Saint Helena ( saint hə--nə), named after St Helena of Constantinople, is an island of volcanic origin in the South Atlantic Ocean. It is part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha which also includes Ascension Island and the islands of Tristan da Cunha. Saint Helena measures about and has a population of 4,255 (2008 census).
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Samoa
Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa and German Samoa, is a country governing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in Polynesia, Savai'i. The capital city Apia and Faleolo International Airport are situated on the island of Upolu.
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Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein ( ) is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig. Its capital city is Kiel; other notable cities are Lübeck, Flensburg and Neumünster.
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Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
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Seychelles
Seychelles ( ; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar.
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Shanghai
Shanghai (; Shanghainese: Zånhae ; ) is the most populous city in China and the most populous city proper in the world. A global city, Shanghai exerts influence over global commerce, finance, culture, art, fashion, research and entertainment. The city is located at the middle portion of the Chinese coast, and sits at the mouth of the Yangtze River.
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Shenzen
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Slovenia
Slovenia ( ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (, ), is a country in Central Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy on the west, the Adriatic Sea on the southwest, Croatia on the south and east, Hungary on the northeast, and Austria on the north. The capital and largest city of Slovenia is Ljubljana.
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South Yemen
The '''People's Democratic Republic of Yemen — also referred to as Democratic Yemen, South Yemen-South Arabia, or Yemen (Aden)''' — was a socialist republic in the present-day southern and eastern Provinces of Yemen. It united with the Yemen Arab Republic, commonly known as North Yemen, on May 22, 1990 to form the current Republic of Yemen.
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Suriname
'Suriname or Surinam' ( or , ; Sarnami: शर्नम् Sarnam, Sranan Tongo: Sranangron or Sranankondre), officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in northern South America. Its geographical size is just under , and it has an estimated population of approximately 470,000, most of whom live on the country's north coast, where the capital Paramaribo is located.
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Swiss
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Switzerland
Switzerland (, , , ), officially the Swiss Confederation (Confoederatio Helvetica in Latin, hence its ISO country codes CH and CHE), is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe where it is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east.
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Tonga
Tonga (pronounced ), officially the Kingdom of Tonga (Tongan: Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga), is an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 169 islands, 36 of them inhabited. The Kingdom stretches over a distance of about 800 kilometres (500 miles) in a north-south line located at about a third of the distance from New Zealand to Hawaii.
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Toronto
Toronto (, colloquially or ) is the largest city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth most populous municipality in North America. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely populated region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, which is home to over 8.1 million residents—approximately 25% of Canada's population. The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,113,149, and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 5,555,912 in the 2006 Census.
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Turin
Turin (, pronounced ; Piedmontese: Turin, pronounced ) is a major city as well as a business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River surrounded by the Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 909,193 (November 2008) while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants; the Turin metropolitan area is estimated by OECD to have a population of 2.2 million.
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Turkmenistan
The Turkmenistan (), also known as Turkmenia () is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Turkmen SSR). Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, Uzbekistan to the east and northeast, Kazakhstan to the north and northwest and the Caspian Sea to the west.
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Tuvalu
Tuvalu ( or ), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. Its population of 12,373 makes it the second-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at , Monaco at and Nauru at .
http://wn.com/Tuvalu -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Vanuatu
Vanuatu ( or ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.
http://wn.com/Vanuatu -
Western Sahara
Western Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الغربية, Berber: Taneẓṛuft Tutrimt, ) is a disputed territory in North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population of the territory is estimated at just over 500,000, over half of whom live in El Aaiun, the largest city in Western Sahara.
http://wn.com/Western_Sahara -
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene: Jugoslavija; Macedonian, Serbian Cyrillic: Југославија) is a term that describes three political entities that existed successively on the western part of Balkan Peninsula in Europe, during most of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Yugoslavia
- .ad
- .ag
- .am
- .as
- .at
- .au
- .be
- .bl
- .bv
- .by
- .ca
- .cc
- .cd
- .ch
- .ck
- .co
- .cs
- .dd
- .de
- .dj
- .eh
- .es
- .eu
- .fm
- .gb
- .gg
- .gs
- .im
- .in
- .io
- .ir
- .is
- .it
- .je
- .la
- .li
- .lv
- .ly
- .md
- .me
- .mf
- .mn
- .ms
- .mu
- .ni
- .nu
- .pr
- .rs
- .sc
- .sh
- .si
- .sj
- .sr
- .st
- .su
- .tl
- .tm
- .to
- .tp
- .tv
- .uk
- .um
- .us
- .vc
- .vg
- .vu
- .ws
- .ye
- .yu
- .zr
- 1996
- Aksjeselskap
- Aktiengesellschaft
- alphabet
- AM broadcasting
- American Samoa
- Andorra
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Arabic alphabet
- Armenia
- Ascension Island
- ASCII
- Austria
- Bavaria
- Belarus
- Belgium
- blo.gs
- Bouvet Island
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Canton of Bern
- Chinese character
- Colombia
- Cook Islands
- country
- country codes
- cr.yp.to
- Czechoslovakia
- del.icio.us
- dependent territory
- Djibouti
- domain hack
- Domain name
- domain name registry
- Domain Name System
- Drop.io
- East Timor
- EURid
- European Commission
- European Union
- FM
- France
- Germany
- Guernsey
- ICANN
- Iceland
- India
- Internet
- internet radio
- Iran
- Isle of Man
- ISO 3166-1
- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
- Italy
- JANET
- JANET NRS
- Jersey
- Jon Postel
- language tag
- Laos
- Las Vegas, Nevada
- Latin America
- Latvia
- Libya
- Liechtenstein
- Long Island
- Los Angeles
- love
- Mauritius
- Minnesota
- Moldova
- Mongolia
- Montenegro
- Montserrat
- Nathan Barley
- Nicaragua
- Niue
- Norid
- Northern Ireland
- Puerto Rico
- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Helena
- Samoa
- Schleswig-Holstein
- second-level domain
- Serbia
- Seychelles
- Shanghai
- Shenzen
- Slovenia
- South Yemen
- Soviet Union
- Spain
- States of Germany
- subdomains
- suffix
- Suriname
- Swiss
- Switzerland
- TLDs
- Tonga
- top-level domain
- Toronto
- Turin
- Turkmenistan
- Tuvalu
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Vanuatu
- VeriSign
- Video game
- web browser
- Western Sahara
- WIPO
- writing system
- Yugoslavia
- Zaire
Domainvestors.tv Weekly Video: ccTLDs Live From Venice Beach
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Published: 10 Aug 2009
- Uploaded: 20 Jun 2010
- Author: domainflipper
- http://wn.com/Domainvestorstv_Weekly_Video_ccTLDs_Live_From_Venice_Beach
- Email this video
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Domainvestors weekly video live from Venice beach.
.MX Domain Auction | (Mexico ccTLD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Published: 06 Nov 2010
- Uploaded: 05 May 2011
- Author: WatchMe7788
Sales.mx - Premium .MX domain name auction now taking place at Snapnames.com. ** the auction has now ended but not to worry, you can still purchase top quality keyword .MX domains through Sales.mx
Africa ccTLD Workshop - Nairobi, Kenya
At the 37th ICANN meeting in Nairobi, Kenya, ideas on how to strengthen Africa ccTLDs are discussed during a workshop led by Anne-Rachel Inne, ICANNs regional liaison for Africa.
San Juan Workshop - Caribbean ccTLD Community
Workshop on ccTLD technical and policy issues in the region.
Cómo transferir un dominio ccTLD a SuEmpresa.com
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:07
- Published: 21 May 2010
- Uploaded: 21 May 2010
- Author: SuEmpresacom
Aprenda cómo transferir un dominio ccTLD a SuEmpresa.com
San Juan ccTLD Policy Workshop - Caribbean ccTLD Community
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Published: 23 Jun 2007
- Uploaded: 01 Jun 2009
- Author: lphinojosa
- http://wn.com/San_Juan_ccTLD_Policy_Workshop__Caribbean_ccTLD_Community
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June 23, 2007
Cómo cambiar DNS para ccTLD's / SuPanel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Published: 21 May 2010
- Uploaded: 21 May 2010
- Author: SuEmpresacom
Conozca los pasos a seguir para cambiar sus DNS para ccTLD's
DNS Explained - CENTR
CENTR, the European ccTLD organisation made a short animated video which explains the functioning of the Domain Name System (DNS). More about CENTR at www.centr.org
Tipo de Dominios ccTLD.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:47
- Published: 15 Feb 2010
- Uploaded: 20 Aug 2010
- Author: advertising15
Tipos de Dominios: ccTLD. Universidad Central de Colombia. Producción Hipermedial I - 2010
New gTLDs Are The Future Of Branding
New gTLDs or generic Top Level Domains are about to dramatically alter the landscape of the internet globally. This land rush of business and social innovation which will ultimately affect every user of the internet. Owning a new gTLD offers unique business opportunities to build and maximize brands with unprecedented speed, influence and effectiveness.
What Is a gTLD?
New gTLDs, or generic Top Level Domains, are about to dramatically alter the landscape of the internet globally. This land rush of business and social innovation which will ultimately affect every user of the internet. Owning a new gTLD offers once in a lifetime business opportunities for brands, entrepreneurs, communities and investors alike.
ICANN Approves Internationalized Domain Names - Martin Schwimmer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:37
- Published: 13 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 07 Apr 2011
- Author: MichaelSias
- http://wn.com/ICANN_Approves_Internationalized_Domain_Names__Martin_Schwimmer
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New York attorney Martin Schwimmer, former vice president of ICANN's Intellectual Property Constituency, discusses with CNN International the organization's approval of internationalized domain names (IDNs). On October 30, 2009, ICANN approved the use of non-Latin characters in country code top level domains (ccTLDs).
Vint Cerf on the Future of the Internet, and more
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Published: 15 Sep 2008
- Uploaded: 18 Sep 2010
- Author: venimarkovski
Vint Cerf talks about the Future of the Internet - a message sent to the participants at the 1st Regional ccTLD conference in Sofia, Bulgaria
dotMe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Published: 20 Jul 2009
- Uploaded: 03 Jun 2011
- Author: dotMEchannel
Explore The World Of .ME
dotMe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:15
- Published: 27 May 2009
- Uploaded: 27 Aug 2010
- Author: dotMEchannel
dotMe visiting Amsterdam 1-4 jun 2009, ccTLD TRAFFIC conference
Domainvestors.tv Weekly Video: Are you ready for the .co Revolution?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:28
- Published: 24 Jun 2009
- Uploaded: 09 May 2011
- Author: domainflipper
- http://wn.com/Domainvestorstv_Weekly_Video_Are_you_ready_for_the_co_Revolution?
- Email this video
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.co is the TLD for Colombia and starting June 23rd 2009 the bidding will begin for who will bring this TLD public. This is most-likely the most anticipated ccTLD ever and it will change the Domaining community forever. With the potential of buying domains with strong type-in traffic as many did in the late 90s once again new Domainers can get-in early. To learn more watch my video!
Interview with Daniel from InternetX at TRAFFIC Vancouver 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:32
- Published: 19 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 31 Jul 2011
- Author: domainflipper
- http://wn.com/Interview_with_Daniel_from_InternetX_at_TRAFFIC_Vancouver_2010
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Interview with Daniel from InternetX at TRAFFIC Vancouver 2010
Buy Generic Keyword .Exotic Extension Domain Names?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Published: 04 Feb 2009
- Uploaded: 07 Oct 2010
- Author: 101bookworm
From someone who was in the domain name market and can speak from experience, don't waste your time and money on these worthless domain names. Real businesses aren't interested, and this limits the aftermarket and thus the amount of domainers who'll buy them from you at wholesale rates.
The first full IDN e-mail demonstration
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Published: 28 Oct 2010
- Uploaded: 02 Aug 2011
- Author: AfiliasLimited
Afilias and the National Information Technology Center of Jordan have partnered to produce the first public demonstration of an e-mail message between two completely internationalized (or IDN) e-mail addresses in the Arabic language, using Afilias' new IDN e-mail technology and a fully IDN domain name and IDN TLD from the .JO registry. "With the 83 percent of the world's population estimated to be non-English speaking, this is an important first step in bringing a useful Internet to the majority of the world's Internet users which were previously shut-out of using the Internet in their native language," said John Kane, Vice President of Corporate Services for Afilias. "The adoption of IDN domain names has been inhibited by the lack of technical support within e-mail programs for internationalized addresses which would still be compatible with the global DNS system. With Afilias' unique and standards-compliant IDN e-mail solution, we are able to finally address this problem and facilitate IDN adoption in any language." At the APTLD meeting in Amman, Jordan, Afilias and the .JO registry demonstrated sending and receiving e-mail using the fully Internationalized e-mail addresses الاردن.الدولي-البريد@تجربة and الاردن.الدولي-البريد@مبيعات. E-mail was sent from and to these addresses using both a Web-based e-mail client and a mobile application. "The final link in the conversion of the Web to a truly global audience is to give all users of the Internet their website and e-mail <b>...</b>
Safe surfing, a journey from domain name to web site
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:48
- Published: 18 Mar 2011
- Uploaded: 07 Aug 2011
- Author: Networking4all
This video shows how the visitor will make a journey through a secure connection to a web site by entering the domain name, while making attention to the dangers that lurk.
DNS Explained with English spoken voice over
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:26
- Published: 21 Jun 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Aug 2011
- Author: CENTRSecretariat
How to become owner of facebook.com for less than 10 dollars?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:03
- Published: 08 Apr 2011
- Uploaded: 26 May 2011
- Author: Networking4all
- http://wn.com/How_to_become_owner_of_facebookcom_for_less_than_10_dollars?
- Email this video
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Have you always dreamed of having a popular domain as facebook.com? Networking4all, that want to increase public awareness for online security as a provider of hosting, domain names and SSL Certificates, will explain how it is possible to own a 'popular' domain name as facebook.com for less than 10 dollars. Phishers are not or not enough aware of this trick and use it seldom or never. It will not surprise Networking4all if they will get the most popular domain names in short notice and abuse these. How soon do you know if you are visiting the right web site and if you receive an email of your own bank, a customer or someone else? In other words, who can you trust?
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RELATED LINKS
PR Newswire
BOGOTA, Colombia, Aug. 20 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Colombia's Minister of Communications, Maria del Rosario Guerra, announced yesterday that the 10-year contract to promote, manage, and operate the technical infrastructure of the .CO country code domain (.CO ccTLD) has been awarded to .CO Internet...
Govt Attains Full Control of .ng ccTLD
18 May 2009
All Africa
The Nigerian Internet community has...
Nigeria Attains Full Control of .ng ccTLD
18 May 2009
Qinetics chosen to operate Congos ccTLD
28 Mar 2006
The Star
LOCAL company Qinetics Solutions Bhd has been appointed registry service outsourcing provider by the Democratic Republic of Congo. Under the appointment, Qinetics will provide, manage and operate the “.cd” registry – the Congo’s country top level...
The Star
KUALA LUMPUR: Qinetics Solutions Bhd has been appointed the Registry Service outsourcing provider by the Democractic Republic of Congo. Under the appointment, Qinetics will provide, manage and operate the registry of .cd Congos country top level domain...
PW ccTLD Opens 30-Day Public Comment Period; Newest Top Level Domain Extension Geared for Consumer Email
19 Jul 2004
PR Newswire
BOSTON, July 19 /PRNewswire/ -- The PW Registry Corporation (http://www.pwregistry.pw) announced the start of a 30-day Public Comment Period on its proposed policies for the PW top-level domain (TLD). All interested parties are invited to review the published policies for the PW TLD at...
New NGO May Host .ng Cctld
15 Jan 2004
All Africa
FOLLOWING the intervention of the Nigerian Information Technology Professional in the Americas (NITPA), a new non-governmental organisation (NGO) is likely to emerge in order to host the controversial local hosting of the .ng. Business Champion recalls that there had been series of controversy...
Stockhouse
9/8/03 Internet Initiative Japan (IIJ, Nasdaq: IIJI), Japan's leading Internet access and comprehensive network solutions provider, today announced that its 26.7% affiliate Asia Internet Holding Co., Ltd. (AIH) and MIMOS BERHAD (MIMOS; Headquarters: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) have reached an agreement...
Workshop on CCTLD concludes
25 Sep 2002
The Daily Star
A two-day workshop on country code top level domain (CCTLD), aimed at bolstering efficiency and effectiveness of server management, ended at Bangladesh Institute of...
Country code top-level domain
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory.
uk (United Kingdom): The ISO 3166-1 code for the United Kingdom is GB. However, the JANET network had already selected uk as a top-level identifier for its pre-existing Name Registration Scheme, and this was incorporated into the DNS root. gb was assigned with the intention of a transition, but this never occurred and the use of uk is now entrenched.
su This obsolete ISO 3166 code for the Soviet Union was assigned when the Soviet Union was still extant; moreover, new su registrations are accepted.
ac (Ascension Island): This code is a vestige of IANA's decision in 1996 to allow the use of codes reserved in the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 reserve list for use by the Universal Postal Union. The decision was later reversed, with Ascension Island now the sole outlier. (Three other ccTLDs, gg (Guernsey), im (Isle of Man) and je (Jersey) also fell under this category from 1996 until they received corresponding ISO 3166 codes in March 2006.)
eu (European Union): On September 25, 2000, ICANN decided to allow the use of any two-letter code in the ISO 3166-1 reserve list that is reserved for all purposes. Only EU currently meets this criterion. Following a decision by the EU's Council of Telecommunications Ministers in March 2002, progress was slow, but a registry (named EURid) was chosen by the European Commission, and criteria for allocation set: ICANN approved eu as a ccTLD, and it opened for registration on 7 December 2005 for the holders of prior rights. Since 7 April 2006, registration is open to all.
tp (the previous ISO 3166-1 code for East Timor): Being phased out in favor of tl since 2005.
ac (Ascension Island) is sometimes used to stand for "Access Connection" or "Access Card". It is often used by Universities to stand for "Academic".
ad (Andorra) has recently been increasingly used by advertising agencies or classified advertising.
ag (Antigua and Barbuda) is sometimes used for agricultural sites. In Germany and German-speaking countries, AG (short for Aktiengesellschaft) is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA.
am (Armenia) is often used for AM radio stations, or for domain hacks.
as (American Samoa) In Estonia, Denmark and Norway, AS is appended to the name of a stock-based company, similar to Inc. in USA. In Czech Republic, the joint stock corporation a.s. abbreviation stands for Akciová spolecnost.
at (Austria) is used for English words ending in at.
be (Belgium) is sometimes used for the literal term "be" and the Swiss Canton of Bern. It is also used in some download sites as the end of the word "tube" such as downloadyoutu.be, a site for the downloading of youtube videos.
by (Belarus) is sometimes used in Germany, as "BY" is the official abbreviation of the state Bayern.
ca (Canada) is occasionally used to create domain hacks like histori.ca, the web domain of The Historica Dominion Institute. This type of use is limited by the .ca domain's Canadian residence requirements.
cc (Cocos (Keeling) Islands) is used for a wide variety of sites such as community colleges, especially before such institutions were allowed to use .edu.
cd (Democratic Republic of Congo) is used for CD merchants and file sharing sites.
ch (Switzerland) is used for a number of church websites.
ck (Cook Islands) was notably abused in Chris Morris's Nathan Barley by preceding it with ".co" in order to spell out the word "cock" (.co.ck as in trashbat.co.ck).
co (Colombia) is marketed as commercial, corporation, or company. and has quickly become one of the most used ccTLDs for vanity. It is used worldwide by individuals, and companies offering services, because of the meaning in English and more languages.
mn (Mongolia) is used to abbreviate Minnesota.
ms (Montserrat) is also used by Microsoft for such projects as popfly.ms.
mu (Mauritius) is used within the music industry.
ni (Nicaragua) is occasionally adopted by companies from Northern Ireland, particularly to distinguish from the more usual .uk within all parts of the United Kingdom.
nu (Niue) is marketed as resembling "new" in English and "now" in Scandinavian/Dutch. Also means "nude" in French and Portuguese.
pr (Puerto Rico) can be used in the meaning of "Public Relations".
rs (Serbia) is marketed in English words ending with the letters "rs" such as www.blogge.rs.
sc (Seychelles) is often used as .Source .
sh (Saint Helena) is also sometimes used for entities connected to the German Bundesland of Schleswig-Holstein or the Swiss Canton of Schaffhausen, or to Shanghai or Shenzen in China.
si (Slovenia) is also used by Hispanic sites as "yes" ("sí"). Mexican mayor candidate Jorge Arana, for example, had his web site registered as http://www.jorgearana.si (i.e. "Jorge Arana, sí", meaning "Jorge Arana, yes").
sr (Suriname) is marketed in the USA as being for "seniors".
st (São Tomé and Príncipe) is being marketed worldwide as an abbreviation for various things including "street".
tm (Turkmenistan) can be used as "trade mark".
to (Tonga) is often used as the English word "to", like "go.to"; also is marketed as the TLD for Toronto and for the Italian city and province of Turin (Torino in Italian).
tv (Tuvalu) is used for the television/entertainment industry purposes. It is also used for local businesses in the province of Treviso (Italy).
vc (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) is sometimes used to abbreviate "Vacation Club" or "Virtual Casino".
vg (British Virgin Islands) is sometimes used to abbreviate Video games.
vu (Vanuatu) means "seen" in French as well as an abbreviation for the English language word "view".
ws (Samoa, earlier Western Samoa) is marketed as .Website.
List of Internet top-level domains
IANA's list of TLDs – official site
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Domain name dispute resolution]
World-Wide Alliance of Top Level Domain-names
Norid: Domain name registries around the world
ccTLD and TLD analysis of several Zone files
The ICANN Country Code Names Supporting Organisation (ccNSO)
All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all two-letter top-level domains are ccTLDs. In 2010, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) began implementing internationalized country code TLDs, consisting of language-native characters when displayed in an end-user application. Creation and delegation of ccTLDs is described in RFC 1591, corresponding to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes.
Delegation and management
IANA is responsible for determining an appropriate trustee for each ccTLD. Administration and control is then delegated to that trustee, which is responsible for the policies and operation of the domain. The current delegation can be determined from IANA's list of ccTLDs. Individual ccTLDs may have varying requirements and fees for registering subdomains. There may be a local presence requirement (for instance, citizenship or other connection to the ccTLD), as for example the Canadian (ca) and German (de) domains, or registration may be open.
Relation to ISO 3166-1
}}
Unused ISO 3166-1 codes
Almost all current ISO 3166-1 codes have been assigned and do exist in DNS. However, some of these are effectively unused. In particular, the ccTLDs for the Norwegian dependency Bouvet Island (bv) and the designation Svalbard and Jan Mayen (sj) do exist in DNS, but no subdomains have been assigned, and it is Norid policy not to assign any at present. Two French territories, bl (Saint Barthélemy) and mf (Saint Martin), await local assignment by France's government.The code eh, although eligible as ccTLD for Western Sahara, has never been assigned and does not exist in DNS. Only one subdomain is still registered in gb (ISO 3166-1 for the United Kingdom) and no new registrations are being accepted for it. Sites in the United Kingdom generally use uk (see below).
The former .um ccTLD for the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands was removed in April 2008. Under RFC 1591 rules .um is eligible as a ccTLD on request by the relevant governmental agency and local Internet user community.
ASCII ccTLDs not in ISO 3166-1
Several ASCII ccTLDs are in use that are not ISO 3166-1 two-letter codes. Some of these codes were specified in older versions of the ISO list.
Historical ccTLDs
There are two ccTLDs that have been deleted after the corresponding 2-letter code was withdrawn from ISO 3166-1: cs (for Czechoslovakia) and zr (for Zaire). There may be a significant delay between withdrawal from ISO 3166-1 and deletion from the DNS; for example, ZR ceased to be an ISO 3166-1 code in 1997, but the zr ccTLD was not deleted until 2001. Other ccTLDs corresponding to obsolete ISO 3166-1 have not yet been deleted. In some cases they may never be deleted due to the amount of disruption this would cause for a heavily used ccTLD. In particular, the Soviet Union's ccTLD su remains in use more than a decade after SU was removed from ISO 3166-1.The historical country codes dd for the German Democratic Republic and yd for South Yemen were eligible for a ccTLD, but not allocated; see also de and ye.
The temporary reassignment of country code CS to Serbia and Montenegro until the split into rs (Serbia) and me (Montenegro), led to some controversies with respect to the stability of ISO 3166-1 country codes, resulting in a second edition of ISO 3166-1 in 2007 with a guarantee that retired codes will not be reassigned for at least 50 years, and the replacement of RFC 3066 by RFC 4646 for country codes used in language tags in 2006.
The previous ISO 3166-1 code for Yugoslavia, YU, was removed by ISO on 2003-07-23, but the yu ccTLD remained in operation. Finally, after a two-year transition to Serbian rs and Montenegrin me, the .yu domain was phased out in March 2010.
Australia was originally assigned the oz country code, which was later changed to au with the .oz domains moved to .oz.au.
Internationalized ccTLDs
An internationalized country code top-level domain (IDN ccTLD) is a top-level domain with a specially encoded domain name that is displayed in an end user application, such as a web browser, in its language-native script or alphabet, such as the Arabic alphabet, or a non-alphabetic writing system, such as Chinese characters. IDN ccTLDs are an application of the internationalized domain name (IDN) system to top-level Internet domains assigned to countries, or independent geographic regions.ICANN started to accept applications for IDN ccTLDs in November 2009, and installed the first set into the Domain Names System in May 2010. The first set was a group of Arabic names for the countries of Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. By May 2010, 21 countries had submitted applications to ICANN, representing 11 languages.
Unconventional usage
Lenient registration restrictions on certain ccTLDs have resulted in domain names like I.am, fa.st, tip.it, start.at and go.to. Other variations of ccTLD usage have been called domain hacks, where the second-level domain and ccTLD are used together to form one word or one title. This has resulted in domains like blo.gs of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (gs), del.icio.us of United States of America (us), and cr.yp.to of Tonga (to). The .co domain of Colombia has generated significant interest as a potential competitor to generic TLDs for commercial use given its possible use as the abbreviation for the word "company". In June and July 2010 .co was opened for public registrations.Unconventional ccTLDs (such as .cm) form speculation over typographical errors. The .cm domain of Cameroon has generated interest due to the possibility that people might miss typing the "o" for sites in the .com domain.
Commercial and vanity use
A number of the world's smallest countries have licensed their TLDs for worldwide commercial use. For example, Tuvalu and the Federated States of Micronesia, small island-states in the Pacific, have partnered with VeriSign and FSM Telecommunications respectively, to sell domain names using the tv and fm TLDs to television and radio stations.Vanity ccTLDs are TLDs which are used for various purposes outside their home countries, because of their name. For example:
See also
References
External links
Category:Top-level domains Category:Country codes Category:Domain name system
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
