Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

• Algebra
• Calculus
• Geometry
• Topology
• Trignometry
• Combinatorics
• Logic
• Number theory

Applied mathematics

• Dynamical systems and differential equations
• Mathematical physics
• Computing
• Information theory and signal processing
• Probability and statistics
• Game theory
• Operations research

Related Topics

• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Linear Equations
• Applied Physics
• Nano Technology
• Engineering Sciences
• Mathematical Medicine
• Fluid dynamics
• Computational Mathematics
• Gamma Ray Optics
• Onfrared Optics
• Relative Velocity
• Iciam
• Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Neuroscience Research
• Quantum Cosmology
• Brain Research

• 3net
• 8 mm video format
• A-1 Pictures
• Adelaide Productions
• Affirm Films
• AIBO
• Aichi Prefecture
• Aiwa
• Akio Morita
• Akira Kurosawa
• Albert Medal (RSA)
• Amy Pascal
• Animax
• Animax (India)
• Animax (South Korea)
• Animax Asia
• Animax Pakistan
• Aniplex
• Arista Nashville
• Asian Century
• Asian of the Century
• Asian people
• AsianWeek
• AXN
• AXN (India)
• AXN Asia
• AXN Crime
• AXN HD
• AXN Pakistan
• AXN Sci Fi
• AXN White
• Betacam
• Betamax
• BeTV
• Blu-ray Disc
• BNA Records
• BRAVIA
• Category Sony
• Cellius
• Cerebral hemorrhage
• Charles K. Kao
• Chita Peninsula
• CLIÉ
• CNN
• Columbia Nashville
• Columbia Pictures
• Columbia Records
• Comcast
• Compact Disc
• Crackle
• Culver Entertainment
• CV-2000
• Cyber-shot
• Deng Xiaoping
• Destination Films
• Digital Audio Tape
• DirecTV
• Discman
• DV
• DVD
• Electronics
• Emmy Award
• Emperor Akihito
• Epic Records
• Fearnet
• FeliCa
• Game Show Network
• Gracenote
• Handycam
• HDCAM
• HMZ-T1
• Howard Stringer
• IMAX
• India
• IODA
• Japan
• JumboTron
• Kazuo Hirai
• Keidanren
• Ken Kutaragi
• Latin
• Legacy Recordings
• LocationFree Player
• Légion d'honneur
• Masaru Ibuka
• Memory Stick
• Men&Movies;
• Michael Lynton
• MiniDisc
• Miso
• Motion pictures
• Movies4Men
• Multi Screen Media
• Music
• Music Unlimited
• Mylo (Sony)
• Nagoya, Aichi
• Nicole Seligman
• Nobuyuki Idei
• Norio Ohga
• Online distribution
• Osaka University
• PlayStation
• PlayStation Network
• PlayStation Portable
• PlayStation Vita
• Pneumonia
• Portal Biography
• Portal Business
• Portal Japan
• Qualia (Sony)
• RCA Records
• RED Distribution
• S PDIF
• S-LCD
• SAB TV
• Sake
• Screen Gems
• SET Max
• SET One
• SET PIX
• Shintaro Ishihara
• So-net
• Sony
• Sony Aath
• Sony Bank
• Sony Corporation
• Sony Dash
• Sony Dream Machine
• Sony Electronics
• Sony Financial
• Sony Imagesoft
• Sony Lissa
• Sony Masterworks
• Sony Mavica
• Sony MIX
• Sony Mobile Display
• Sony Movie Channel
• Sony Music Australia
• Sony Music Latin
• Sony Music Nashville
• Sony NEWS
• Sony Optiarc
• Sony Pictures Loot
• Sony Pictures Mobile
• Sony Reader
• Sony Rolly
• Sony Sendai F.C.
• Sony SIX
• Sony Spin
• Sony Tablet
• Sony Watchman
• Sony Wonder
• Sony α
• Soy sauce
• Square Enix
• Stage 6 Films
• Syco
• Tape recorder
• Television
• Template Sony Corp
• The Minisode Network
• Time (magazine)
• TR-55
• Transistor
• Trinitron
• TriStar Pictures
• Triumph Films
• U-matic
• United States
• Universal Media Disc
• VAIO
• Vevo
• VHS
• Video games
• Video Unlimited
• Walkman
• WEGA
• Wikipedia Persondata
• World War II
• XDCAM
• 
  

• 
  Aichi Prefecture
  Aichi Prefecture (愛知県, Aichi-ken^?) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region. The region of Aichi is also known as the Tōkai region. The capital is Nagoya. It is the focus of the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area.
  Originally, the region was divided into the two provinces of Owari and Mikawa. After the Meiji Restoration, Owari and Mikawa were united into a single entity. In 1871, after the abolition of the han system, Owari, with the exception of the Chita Peninsula, was established as Nagoya Prefecture, while Mikawa combined with the Chita Peninsula and formed Nukata Prefecture. Nagoya Prefecture was renamed to Aichi Prefecture in April 1872, and was united with Nukata Prefecture on November 27 of the same year.
  The government of Aichi Prefecture is located in the Aichi Prefectural Government Office in Nagoya, which is the old capital of Owari.
  The Expo 2005 World Exposition was held in Seto and Nagakute.
  In the third volume of the Man'yōshū there is a poem by Takechi Kurohito 'The cry of the crane, calling to Sakurada; it sounds like the tide, draining from Ayuchi flats, hearing the crane cry'. Ayuchi is the original form of the name Aichi, and the Fujimae tidal flat is all that remains of the earlier Ayuchi-gata. It is now a protected area.
  
  wn.com/Aichi_Prefecture
• 
  Chita Peninsula
  Chita Peninsula (知多半島 Chita Hantō) is a peninsula to the south of Aichi Prefecture, central Honshū, Japan. It runs approximately north-south. To the west is Ise Bay, while to the east it encloses Mikawa Bay. It faces the Atsumi Peninsula southeast across Mikawa Bay.
  34°41′47″N 136°58′25″E / 34.696383°N 136.9735°E / 34.696383; 136.9735Coordinates: 34°41′47″N 136°58′25″E / 34.696383°N 136.9735°E / 34.696383; 136.9735 (Hazumisaki:Southernmost point)
  
  
  
  wn.com/Chita_Peninsula
• 
  India
  India (ⁱ/ˈɪndiə/), officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.
  Home to the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation and a region of historic trade routes and vast empires, the Indian subcontinent was identified with its commercial and cultural wealth for much of its long history. Four of the world's major religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism—originated here, whereas Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived in the 1st millennium CE and also helped shape the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed by and brought under the administration of the British East India Company from the early 18th century and administered directly by the United Kingdom from the mid-19th century, India became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for independence that was marked by non-violent resistance led by Mahatma Gandhi.
  
  wn.com/India
• 
  Japan
  Japan ⁱ/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国  Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
  Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
  Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
  
  wn.com/Japan
• 
  Nagoya, Aichi
  Nagoya (名古屋市, Nagoya-shi^?) is the largest city in the Chūbu region of Japan. It is the third-largest incorporated city and the fourth most populous urban area in Japan. (Tokyo is not a single incorporated city - see Tokyo for more information on the definition and makeup of Tokyo.)
  Located on the Pacific coast on central Honshu, it is the capital of Aichi Prefecture and is one of Japan's major ports along with those of Tokyo, Osaka, Kobe, Yokohama, Chiba, and Kitakyushu. It is also the center of Japan's third largest metropolitan region, known as the Chūkyō Metropolitan Area. As of 2000, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area has 8.74 million people, of which 2.27 million live in the city of Nagoya.
  The city's name was historically written as 那古野 or 名護屋 (both read as Nagoya). One possible etymology for the city's name is the adjective なごやか (nagoyaka), meaning 'peaceful'. [2]
  The name Chūkyō (中京) is also used (chū (middle) + kyō (capital)), since it is the main city of the central Chūbu region. Various things are named after Chūkyō, for example the Chūkyō Industrial Area, Chūkyō Metropolitan Area, Chūkyō Television Broadcasting, Chukyo University and the Chukyo Racecourse.
  
  wn.com/Nagoya,_Aichi
• 
  Osaka University
  Osaka University (大阪大学, Ōsaka daigaku^?), or Handai (阪大, Handai^?), is a major national university located in Osaka, Japan. It is the sixth oldest university in Japan as the Osaka Prefectural Medical College, and formerly one of the Imperial Universities of Japan. Numerous prominent scientists worked at the Osaka University such as the Nobel Laureate in Physics Hideki Yukawa.
  Academic traditions of the university reach back to Kaitokudō (懐徳堂^?), an Edo-period school for local citizens founded in 1724, and Tekijuku (適塾^?), a school of Rangaku for samurai founded by Ogata Kōan in 1838. The spirit of the university's humanity sciences is believed to be intimately rooted in Kaitokudo, whereas that of the natural and applied sciences, including medicine, is widely believed to be based on Tekijuku.
  Osaka University traces its origin back to 1869 when Osaka Prefectural Medical School was founded in downtown Osaka. The school was later transformed into the Osaka Prefectural Medical College with university status by the University Ordinance (Imperial Ordinance No. 388 of 1918) in 1919. The college merged with the newly-founded College of Science to form Osaka Imperial University（大阪帝國大学） in 1931. Osaka Imperial University was inaugurated as the sixth imperial university in Japan. As part of the University, Osaka Technical College was later included to form the school of Engineering two years later. The university was eventually renamed Osaka University in 1947.
  
  wn.com/Osaka_University
• 
  United States
  The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
  At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km²) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
  
  wn.com/United_States

• Akio Morita
  Akio Morita (盛田 昭夫 Morita Akio, January 26, 1921, Nagoya, Aichi – October 3, 1999, Tokyo) was a Japanese businessman and co-founder of Sony Corporation along with Masaru Ibuka.
  Akio Morita was born in the village of Kosugaya, Japan. Morita's family was involved in sake, miso and soy sauce production in the Chita Peninsula, Aichi Prefecture since 1665. He was the oldest of four siblings and his father Kyuzaemon trained him as a child to take over the family business. Akio, however, found his true calling in mathematics and physics, and in 1944 he graduated from Osaka Imperial University with a degree in physics. He later joined the navy and served as a lieutenant during World War II. During his service, Morita met his future business partner Masaru Ibuka in the Navy's Wartime Research Committee.
  On May 7, 1946, Morita and Ibuka founded Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha (Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation, the forerunner of Sony Corporation) with about 20 employees and initial capital of ¥190,000. Ibuka was 38 years old, Morita, 25. Morita's family invested in Sony during the early period and was the largest shareholder.
  
  wn.com/Akio_Morita
• 
  Akira Kurosawa
  Akira Kurosawa (黒澤 明, Kurosawa Akira^?, March 23, 1910 – September 6, 1998) was a Japanese film director, screenwriter, producer, and editor. Regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema, Kurosawa directed 30 films in a career spanning 57 years.
  Kurosawa entered the Japanese film industry in 1936, following a brief stint as a painter. After years of working on numerous films as an assistant director and scriptwriter, he made his debut as a director in 1943, during World War II with the popular action film Sanshiro Sugata (a.k.a. Judo Saga). After the war, the critically acclaimed Drunken Angel (1948), in which Kurosawa cast then-unknown actor Toshirō Mifune in a starring role, cemented the director's reputation as one of the most important young filmmakers in Japan. The two men would go on to collaborate on another 15 films.
  Rashomon, which premiered in Tokyo in August 1950, and which also starred Mifune, became, on September 10, 1951, the surprise winner of the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival and was subsequently released in Europe and North America. The commercial and critical success of this film opened up Western film markets for the first time to the products of the Japanese film industry, which in turn led to international recognition for other Japanese filmmakers. Throughout the 1950s and early 1960s, Kurosawa directed approximately a film a year, including a number of highly regarded films such as Ikiru (1952), Seven Samurai (1954) and Yojimbo (1961). After the mid-1960s, he became much less prolific, but his later work—including his final two epics, Kagemusha (1980) and Ran (1985)—continued to win awards, including the Palme d'Or for Kagemusha, though more often abroad than in Japan.
  
  wn.com/Akira_Kurosawa
• Amy Pascal
  Amy Pascal (Amy Beth Pascal, born March 25, 1958) is Co-Chairman of Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc. (SPE) and Chairman of SPE's Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group. She oversees all development, production and marketing activities at Columbia Pictures. In 2001, she was awarded the Crystal Award by Women in Film for outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry. She was listed as number one on the 15th annual Women in Entertainment Power 100 list published in 2006 by the Hollywood Reporter. In 2009, Forbes ranked her 60th of the 100 most powerful women in the world.
  
  wn.com/Amy_Pascal
• 
  Asian people
  Asian people or Asiatic people is a term with multiple meanings that refers to people who descend from a portion of Asia's population.
  Native ethnic groups of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan self-identify themselves as Asian. They are also recognized as Asian by Russians and Chinese.^{[citation needed]}
  This self-identification is based phenotypically, and on cultural differences from Russians, as these countries used to be parts of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and therefore have significant Russian populations. Another reason for such self-identification is patriotic: "the native people of the Center of Asia - are undoubtedly Asians".^{[citation needed]}
  In parts of anglophone Africa, especially East Africa and South Africa, and in parts of the Anglophone Caribbean, the term "Asian" is more commonly associated with people of South Asian origin, particularly Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans.
  Notably, the Australian Census includes Central Asia, a region that is often considered to be part of the Greater Middle East. The Australian Census includes four regions of Asia in its official definition. Defined by the 2006–2011 Australian Census, three broad groups have the word Asian included in their name: Central and Southern Asian, South-East Asian and North-East Asian. Russians are classified as Southern and Eastern Europeans while Middle Easterners are classified as North African and Middle Easterners.
  
  wn.com/Asian_people
• 
  Charles K. Kao
  The Honorable Sir Charles Kuen Kao, GBM,KBE,FRS,FREng (born 4 November 1933) is a pioneer in the development and use of fiber optics in telecommunications. Kao, known as the "Godfather of Broadband", "Father of Fiber Optics" or "Father of Fiber Optic Communications", was awarded half of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication".
  Kao was born in Shanghai in 1933, but his ancestral home is in Jinshan, Jiangsu adjoining Shanghai. He studied Chinese classics at home with his brother, under a tutor. He also studied English and French at an international school in Shanghai which was founded by a number of progressive Chinese educators including Cai Yuanpei.
  Kao's family moved to Hong Kong in 1948 where he completed his secondary education (advanced level) at St. Joseph's College in 1952. He did his undergraduate studies in electrical engineering at Woolwich Polytechnic (now the University of Greenwich), obtaining his Bachelor of Science degree.
  
  wn.com/Charles_K._Kao
• 
  Deng Xiaoping
  Deng Xiaoping (IPA: [tə̂ŋ ɕjɑ̀ʊpʰǐŋ] ( listen); 22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese politician, statesman, and diplomat. As leader of the Communist Party of China, Deng was a reformer who led China towards a market economy. While Deng never held office as the head of state, head of government or General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (historically the highest position in Communist China), he nonetheless served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 1992. As the core of the second generation leaders Deng shared his power with the two most powerful men after him: Li Xiannian and Chen Yun.
  Born into a peasant background in Guang'an, Sichuan, China, Deng studied and worked in France in the 1920s, where he was influenced by Marxism. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1923. Upon his return to China he worked as a political commissar in rural regions and was considered a "revolutionary veteran" of the Long March. Following the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Deng worked in Tibet and other southwestern regions to consolidate Communist control. He was also instrumental in China's economic reconstruction following the Great Leap Forward in the early 1960s. His economic policies were at odds with the political ideologies of Chairman Mao Zedong. As a result, he was purged twice during the Cultural Revolution but regained prominence in 1978 by outmaneuvering Mao's chosen successor, Hua Guofeng.
  
  wn.com/Deng_Xiaoping
• 
  Emperor Akihito
  Akihito (明仁^?, born 23 December 1933) is the current reigning Emperor (天皇, tennō^?) of Japan, the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.
  In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to "His Imperial Majesty" (天皇陛下, Tennō Heika^?). In writing, the emperor is also referred to formally as "The Reigning Emperor" (今上天皇, kinjō tennō^?). The Era of Akihito's reign bears the name "Heisei" (平成), and according to custom he will be renamed "Emperor Heisei" (平成天皇 Heisei tennō; see "posthumous name") by order of the cabinet after his death. At the same time, the name of the next era under his successor will also be established.
  Akihito is the eldest son and the fifth child of Emperor Hirohito (the Shōwa Emperor) and Empress Kōjun. Titled Prince Tsugu (継宮, Tsugu-no-miya^?) as a child, he was raised and educated by his private tutors and then attended the elementary and secondary departments of the Peers' School (Gakushūin) from 1940 to 1952. Unlike his predecessors in the Imperial Family, he did not receive a commission as an Army officer, at the request of his father, Hirohito.
  
  wn.com/Emperor_Akihito
• 
  Howard Stringer
  Sir Howard Stringer (born February 19, 1942) is a Welsh-born American businessman. He is the chairman and former CEO of Sony Corporation.
  Stringer was born in Cardiff, Wales, the son of Marjorie Mary (née Pook), a Welsh schoolteacher, and Harry Stringer, an English sergeant in the Royal Air Force. He emigrated to the United States in 1965, and drafted into United States Army during the Vietnam War. Stringer became a naturalized citizen in 1985 and now holds dual US-UK citizenship. His younger brother, Rob Stringer, was chairman of Sony Music Label Group^{[citation needed]}. In 1978, Stringer married Jennifer A. Kinmond Patterson. They have two children.
  Stringer attended Oundle School in Northamptonshire and received a Master of Arts from the University of Oxford in Modern History. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II on December 31, 1999.
  Stringer had a 30-year career at CBS, where he was a journalist, producer and senior executive. He served as president of CBS from 1988 to 1995, where he was responsible for all the broadcast activities of its entertainment, news, sports, radio and television stations.
  
  wn.com/Howard_Stringer
• 
  Kazuo Hirai
  Kazuo "Kaz" Hirai (平井 一夫, Hirai Kazuo^?, born December 22, 1960) is the President and CEO of Sony Corporation. He also serves as Chairman of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony. He was noted by Entertainment Weekly as one of the most powerful executives in the entertainment industry. Hirai became Chairman of Sony Computer Entertainment on September 1, 2011 and was replaced by Andrew House as President and Group CEO. Hirai became the President and CEO of Sony on April 1, 2012.
  Hirai was born in 1960 in Tokyo, Japan. The son of a wealthy banker, Hirai often traveled with his father across the world to California, New York, and Canada and around Japan — a trait which Hirai noted to be a major factor in his later multi-continental business success.
  It was his interest in games that later brought him into the entertainment business. After graduating from the International Christian University in August 1984 with a Bachelor of Liberal Arts degree, Hirai was hired at CBS/Sony Inc. (now Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc.), where he was involved in marketing international music within Japan.
  
  wn.com/Kazuo_Hirai
• 
  Ken Kutaragi
  Ken Kutaragi (久夛良木 健, Kutaragi Ken^?, born August 8, 1950) is the former Chairman and chief executive officer of Sony Computer Entertainment (SCEI), the video game division of Sony Corporation. He is known as "The Father of the PlayStation", and its successors and spinoffs, including the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and the PlayStation 3.
  Before this time, he had designed the sound processor for the Super Nintendo. With Sony, he designed the VLSI chip which works in conjunction with the PS1's RISC CPU to handle the 3D rendering.
  Kutaragi was closely watched by financial analysts who trace profiles of the losses and profits of the Sony Corporation. This has been attributed to the PlayStation franchise's high profit returns for Sony; it has been the key source of profit for the company.
  Ken Kutaragi is currently president and CEO of Cyber AI Entertainment Inc. He also serves on the boards of Kadokawa Group Holdings, Inc., Nojima Corporation, and Rakuten, Inc.
  In 2009, he became a visiting professor of Ritsumeikan University.
  
  wn.com/Ken_Kutaragi
• Masaru Ibuka
  Masaru Ibuka (井深 大 Ibuka Masaru, April 11, 1908, Nikkō City, Japan – December 19, 1997, Tokyo) was a Japanese electronics industrialist. He co-founded what is now Sony.
  He graduated in 1933 from Waseda University. After graduating, he went to work at Photo-Chemical Laboratory, a company which processed movie film. In 1946, he left the company and founded a radio repair shop in Tokyo.
  In 1946 Ibuka and Akio Morita co-founded Sony Corporation, originally named Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation (prior to 1958). Ibuka was instrumental in securing the licensing of transistor technology to Sony from Bell Labs in the 1950s, thus making Sony one of the first companies to apply transistor technology to non-military uses. Ibuka served as president of Sony from 1950 to 1971, and then served as chairman of Sony between 1971 and 1976.
  Ibuka left Sony in 1976, but maintained close ties as an advisor until his death in 1997 from heart failure at the age of 89
  Ibuka also authored the book Kindergarten is Too Late (1971), in which he claims that the most significant human learning occurs from birth to 3 years old and suggests ways and means to take advantage of this. The book's foreword was written by Glenn Doman, founder of The Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential, an organization that teaches parents about child brain development. Ibuka and Doman agreed that the first years of life were vital for education.
  
  wn.com/Masaru_Ibuka
• Michael Lynton
  Michael Lynton (born January 1, 1960) is the CEO of Sony Corporation of America and Chairman and CEO of Sony Pictures Entertainment.
  Since 2004, Lynton has managed Sony Pictures’ global operations, including motion pictures, television and digital content production and distribution, as well as home entertainment acquisition and distribution, operation of studio facilities, and the development of new entertainment products, services and technologies.
  In March of 2012, Sony Corporation announced that Lynton would additionally hold the position of CEO of Sony Corporation of America, overseeing Sony’s entertainment businesses, including Sony Music Entertainment, Sony/ATV Music Publishing and Sony Pictures Entertainment.
  Lynton is the former CEO of AOL Europe and chairman and CEO of Pearson PLC’s Penguin Group. He is a graduate of Harvard College and the Harvard Business School. He speaks four languages: English, French, Dutch, and German.
  Lynton is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the UK government's Film Policy Review group and serves on the Board of Trustees of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and The Natural Resources Defense Council, and the board of trustees of The Modern Times Group and the Rand Corporation.
  
  wn.com/Michael_Lynton
• Nicole Seligman
  Nicole Seligman (born 1957) is an American attorney. She is currently Executive Vice President and General Counsel of Sony Corporation, and has received national attention in the United States for her representation of Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North during the Iran-Contra hearings and of President Bill Clinton during his impeachment trial.
  Recruited to Sony Corporation of America (SCA) by CEO Howard Stringer, Seligman became the company's Executive Vice President and General Counsel in September 2001, and became Corporate Executive Officer of the worldwide Sony Corporation in June 2003. When Stringer became Sony Corporation CEO in June 2005, Seligman rose to become General Counsel of that corporation, retaining the same role at SCA.
  Before joining Sony, Seligman was a partner at Williams & Connolly LLP in Washington, D.C. Only shortly after joining the firm, she was assigned to assist partner Brendan Sullivan in representing Lt. Col. North before Congressional hearing and at his trial. Eleven years later, her more senior partner, David Kendall, President Clinton's outside counsel, asked for her assistance. She appeared with Clinton when he testified before the grand jury in the Monica Lewinsky scandal, and she spoke on his behalf before the Senate at the impeachment trial. Her other clients at Williams & Connolly included large media organizations such as CNN (in the Operation Tailwind matter), ABC, and occasionally the National Enquirer (which was primarily represented by Kendall).
  
  wn.com/Nicole_Seligman
• 
  Nobuyuki Idei
  Nobuyuki Idei (出井 伸之, Idei Nobuyuki; born November 22, 1937) was a former Chairman and Group Chief Executive Officer of Sony Corporation until the 7th March 2005. He is also a director of General Motors, Accenture, Baidu, Yoshimoto Kogyo and Nestlé. BusinessWeek magazine nominated him as one of the "Worst Managers of 2005" due to the losses at Sony during his tenure.
  After a stroke sidelined former chairman Akio Morita, Sony CEO and new chairman Norio Ohga selected Idei to be the next president, a choice that raised eyebrows at Sony. His sweeping reorganizations of the company included trimming the board of directors from 38 members dominated by company management to 10 with a substantial presence of outsiders. Already perceived as the company's driving force, Idei was formally named co-CEO in 1998 and sole CEO in 1999. In 2000, while Ohga remained Chairman of the Board, Idei became Executive Chairman and Kunitake Andō became president.
  In 2003, on Ohga's retirement, Idei became the sole Chairman, and the title of Chief Executive Officer was altered to Group Chief Executive Officer.
  
  wn.com/Nobuyuki_Idei
• Norio Ohga
  Norio Ohga (大賀典雄, Ōga Norio^?), otherwise spelled Norio Oga, (January 29, 1930 – April 23, 2011) was the former president and chairman of Sony Corporation, credited with spurring the development of the compact disc as a commercially viable audio format.
  Ohga was born in Numazu, Shizuoka. When he was a child, he suffered tuberculosis that kept him in bed for a long time during which an acquaintance taught him physics and music. As a young man, Ohga aspired to be a professional opera singer, and went on to read at the prestigious Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music, graduating in 1953. It was a highly critical letter written to the Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo KK (also known as Totsuko and later as Sony), complaining about their tape recorder’s many failings that got him noticed by Masaru Ibuka, Akio Morita and other Totsuko executives. Because of his insight in music and technology, the company hired him as a part-time consultant. He went on to study music in Munich and Berlin, where he formed a friendship with the conductor Herbert von Karajan. The young man's knowledge of sound and electrical engineering continued to be an asset to the company, and rising to become the president of CBS/Sony Records Inc. (currently Sony Music Entertainment Japan) in 1970, by the age of 40 - this was unprecedented in the history of the Japanese company.
  
  wn.com/Norio_Ohga
• 
  Shintaro Ishihara
  Shintaro Ishihara (石原 慎太郎, Ishihara Shintarō^?, born September 30, 1932) is a Japanese author and politician. He has been the Governor of Tokyo since 1999.
  Shintaro was born in Suma-ku, Kobe. His father Kiyoshi was an employee, later a general manager, of a shipping company. Shintaro grew up in Zushi, Kanagawa. In 1952, he entered Hitotsubashi University, and he graduated in 1956. Just two months before graduation, Shintaro won the Akutagawa Prize (Japan's most prestigious literary prize) for the novel Season of the Sun (太陽の季節, Taiyō no kisetsu^?). His brother Yujiro played a supporting role in the screen adaptation of the novel (for which Shintaro wrote the screenplay), and the two soon became the center of a youth-oriented cult..
  A measure of his own aggrandized assessment of his years as an artist is reflected in his statement to the Playboy interviewer later on in life (1990) that "If I had remained a movie director, I can assure you that I would have at least become a better one than Akira Kurosawa". (He had dabbled in directing a couple of films starring his brother).
  
  wn.com/Shintaro_Ishihara

• timeline:
• 2012
• 2011
• 2010
• 2009
• 2008
• 2007
• 2006
• 2005
• 2004
• 2003
• 2002
• 2001

• timeline:
• 2012
• 2011
• 2010
• 2009
• 2008
• 2007
• 2006
• 2005
• 2004
• 2003
• 2002
• 2001