Cinerama

Thursday, 31 January 2013

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Brian Trenchard-Smith on THIS IS CINERAMA

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THIS IS CINERAMA Blu-ray Unboxing And Review

Cinerama Dome (Los Angeles, USA) Celebrates Cinerama's 60th Anniversary

The Last Days of Cinerama - Official Trailer

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Araneta Center
The Araneta Center is a 35-hectare commercial area in Quezon City, Philippines. Araneta Center Inc. (ACI), controlled by the Araneta family, is the owner, developer and manager of Araneta Center, which brings in an estimated 1 million visitors daily. The centerpiece of the complex is the Araneta Coliseum (renamed Smart Araneta Coliseum in 2011), the largest entertainment venue in Asia with a seating capacity of 15,000. It opened as the world’s biggest indoor arena in 1960.

The Araneta Center is currently being redeveloped into a mixed-use area that will integrate residential and office buildings to a redeveloped shopping and entertainment complex. In 2004, ACI’s landmark project, the Gateway mall opened its doors to the public. Gateway forms part of the redesign of the Araneta Center. The Center itself is undergoing a massive 20-year redevelopment plan. Walkway structures for railway transit line commuters have been constructed to serve as an all-access way for shoppers to roam freely around the complex.

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Australia
Australia ( /əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.

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Bell Labs
Bell Laboratories (also known as Bell Labs and formerly known as AT&T Bell Laboratories and Bell Telephone Laboratories) is the research and development subsidiary of the French-owned Alcatel-Lucent and previously of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T), half-owned through its Western Electric manufacturing subsidiary.
Bell Laboratories operates its headquarters at Murray Hill, New Jersey, United States, and has research and development facilities throughout the world.
The Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory, also variously known as the Volta Bureau, the Bell Carriage House, the Bell Laboratory and the Volta Laboratory, was created in Washington, D.C. by Alexander Graham Bell.
In 1880, the French government awarded Bell the Volta Prize of 50,000 francs (approximately US$10,000 at that time, about $250,000 in current dollars) for the invention of the telephone, which he used to found the Volta Laboratory, along with Sumner Tainter and Bell's cousin Chichester Bell. His research laboratory focused on the analysis, recording and transmission of sound. Bell used his considerable profits from the laboratory for further research and education to permit the "[increased] diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf".

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Bradford
Coordinates: 53°48′00″N 1°45′07″W / 53.8000°N 1.75206°W / 53.8000; -1.75206
Bradford (ⁱ/ˈbrædfəd/) lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, in Northern England. It is situated in the foothills of the Pennines, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) west of Leeds, and 16 miles (25.7 km) northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough.
Bradford has a population of 293,717, making it the fourteenth-most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), the third largest in the UK after London and Manchester, with an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2.4 million.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world". The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment; Bradford has fine Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall.

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Hollywood
Hollywood is a district in Los Angeles, California, United States situated west-northwest of downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word Hollywood is often used as a metonym of American cinema. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, and the San Fernando and Santa Clarita Valleys, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
On February 16, 2005, California Assembly Members Jackie Goldberg and Paul Koretz introduced a bill to require California to keep specific records on Hollywood as if it were independent, although it is not the typical practice of the City of Los Angeles to establish specific boundaries for districts or neighborhoods. For this to be done, the boundaries were defined. The bill was unanimously supported by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and the Los Angeles City Council. Assembly Bill 588 was approved by the Governor of California on August 28, 2006, and now the district of Hollywood has official borders. The border can be loosely described as the area east of West Hollywood, south of Mulholland Drive, Laurel Canyon, Cahuenga Boulevard, and Barham Boulevard, and the cities of Burbank and Glendale, north of Melrose Avenue and west of the Golden State Freeway and Hyperion Avenue. This includes all of Griffith Park and Los Feliz^{[citation needed]} – two areas that were hitherto considered separate from Hollywood by most Angelenos. The population of the district, including Los Feliz, as of the 2000 census was 123,436 and the median household income was $33,409 in 1999.

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Indian Hills Theater
The Indian Hills Theater in Omaha, Nebraska, USA, was built in 1962 as a movie theater showcasing films in the Cinerama wide-screen format. The theater's screen was the largest of its type in the United States. Despite the protests of local citizens, Hollywood legends, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the theater was demolished in 2001 by Nebraska Methodist Health System for a parking lot.
The theater was built for Swanson Enterprises of Omaha at a cost of one million dollars by A. Borchman Sons Company. The theater was leased to the Cooper Foundation of Lincoln, Nebraska, for exhibition of films in the Cinerama format.
The theater was designed by architect Richard L. Crowther of Denver, Colorado, a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects. Mr. Crowther is considered one of America's leading architects specializing in environmentally responsible design, passive-solar and natural-energy heating and cooling. Mr. Crowther has authored numerous books, including Sun-Earth: Sustainable Design, 1983, reprinted 1994, and Affordable Passive Solar Homes, SciTech, 1984. The original blueprints for the theater are in the Denver Public Library Special Collections Department.

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La Scala
La Scala (Italian: Teatro alla Scala), is a world renowned opera house in Milan, Italy. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as the New Royal-Ducal Theatre at La Scala (Italian: Nuovo Regio Ducale Teatro alla Scala). The premiere performance was Antonio Salieri's Europa riconosciuta.
Most of Italy's greatest operatic artists, and many of the finest singers from around the world, have appeared at La Scala during the past 200 years. Today, the theatre is still recognised as one of the leading opera and ballet theatres in the world and is home to the La Scala Theatre Chorus, La Scala Theatre Ballet and La Scala Theatre Orchestra. The theatre also has an associate school, known as the La Scala Theatre Academy (Italian: Accademia Teatro alla Scala), which offers professional training in music, dance, stage craft and stage management.
La Scala's season traditionally opens on 7 December, Saint Ambrose's Day, the feast day of Milan's patron saint. All performances must end before midnight, and long operas start earlier in the evening when necessary.

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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (ⁱ/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km²), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".

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Manila
Manila (English: /məˈnɪlə/; Tagalog: Maynila, [majˈnilaʔ]) is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities (along with the smaller municipality of Pateros) that comprise Metro Manila.
Manila is located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north; Quezon City to the northeast; San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east; Makati to the southeast, and Pasay to the south.
Manila has a total population of more than 1,652,171 according to the 2010 census. Manila is the second most populous city in the Philippines, behind its neighbor, Quezon City. The populace inhabit an area of only 38.55 square kilometers, making Manila the most densely populated city in the world.Metro Manila is the most populous metropolitan area in the Philippines and the 11th in the world with an estimated population of 16,300,000. The greater urban area is the fifth-most populous in the world and has an estimated metropolitan population of 20,654,307 people.
The city is divided into six legislative districts and consists of sixteen geographical districts: Binondo, Ermita, Intramuros, Malate, Paco, Pandacan, Port Area, Quiapo, Sampaloc, San Andres, San Miguel, San Nicolas, Santa Ana, Santa Cruz, Santa Mesa and Tondo. Bustling commerce and some of the most historically and culturally significant iconic landmarks in the country, as well as the seat of the executive and judicial branches of the government are to be found in the city; and it is also home to many scientific and educational institutions, numerous sport facilities, a variety of other culturally and historically significant venues. As a primary transportation hub and with the larger capital region bearing its name, there is very little of a general nature to be found in cities anywhere that Manila is lacking.

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Melbourne
Melbourne ([ˈmelbən, -bn̩, ˈmæl-],rhotically /ˈmɛlbərn/) is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2010, the greater geographical area had an approximate population of four million. Inhabitants of Melbourne are called Melburnians or Melbournians.
The metropolis is located on the large natural bay known as Port Phillip, with the city centre positioned at the estuary of the Yarra River (at the northernmost point of the bay). The metropolitan area then extends south from the city centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterland. The city centre is situated in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and the metropolitan area consists of a further 30 municipalities.
Melbourne was founded in 1835 (47 years after the European settlement of Australia) by settlers from Launceston in Van Diemen's Land. It was named by governor Richard Bourke in 1837, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb—the 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Melbourne was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847. In 1851, it became the capital city of the newly created colony of Victoria. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it then served as the interim seat of government of the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.

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Minneapolis
Minneapolis (pronunciation: ⁱ/ˌmɪniːˈæpəlɪs/), nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City", is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States. Its name is attributed to the city's first schoolteacher, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.
As of the 2010 Census, the population of the city of Minneapolis is 382,578. Minneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. Known as the Twin Cities, Minneapolis-Saint Paul is the 16th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S., with approximately 3.3 million residents. The city is abundantly rich in water, with over twenty lakes and wetlands, the Mississippi river, creeks and waterfalls, many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. Among cities of similar densities, Minneapolis has the most dedicated parkland. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber, and today is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle, with Minneapolis proper containing the fifth highest concentration of Fortune 500 companies. It has cultural organizations that draw creative people and audiences to the city for theater, visual art, writing, and music. The community's diverse population has a long tradition of charitable support through progressive public social programs and VOLAGs, as well as private and corporate philanthropy.

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New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. The city is referred to as New York City or The City of New York to distinguish it from the State of New York, of which it is a part. As a global power city, New York exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural capital of the world.
Located on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which comprises a state county. The five boroughs—The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a Census-estimated 2011 population of 8,244,910 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km²), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. The New York City Metropolitan Area's population is the United States' largest, with 18.9 million people distributed over 6,720 square miles (17,400 km²), and is also part of the most populous combined statistical area in the United States, containing 22.1 million people as of the 2010 Census.

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Philippines
The Philippines ⁱ/ˈfɪlɨpiːnz/ FI-lə-peenz (Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas) is a sovereign country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
With an estimated population of about 98 million people, the Philippines is the 7th most populated Asian country and the 12th most populated country in the world. An additional 12.5 million Filipinos live overseas. Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants. They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples who brought with them influences from Malay, Hindu, and Islamic societies. Trade introduced Chinese cultural influences which remain to this day.

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Pictureville Cinema
Pictureville Cinema is a cinema auditorium located within the National Media Museum in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England.
Pictureville is one of the best equipped cinemas in the world. It is equipped for 35 mm, 70 mm, 2K resolution and Cinerama projection. The cinema features Dolby Digital EX, DTS and 8 Channel SDDS digital sound systems. It has the only Cinerama projection system in regular use in Europe.
The cinema opened on 8 April 1992, with a charity performance of Hook in 70 mm and 6-channel stereophonic sound.
Coordinates: 53°47′28″N 1°45′25″W / 53.791°N 1.757°W / 53.791; -1.757

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Quezon City
Quezon City (Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital (1948–1976) and the most populous city in the Philippines. Located on the island of Luzon, Quezon City (popularly known to Filipinos as QC) is one of the cities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region. The city was named after Manuel L. Quezon, President of the Philippines, who founded the city and developed it to replace Manila as the country's capital. Quezon City is not located in and should not be confused with Quezon province, which was also named after the president.
Having been the former capital, many government offices are located in the city, including the Batasang Pambansa Complex, the seat of the House of Representatives, which is the lower chamber in the Philippine Congress. The main campuses of two noteworthy universities, the Ateneo de Manila University and the country's national university, the University of the Philippines Diliman, are located in the city.
Before Quezon City was created, it was composed of small individual towns. These were San Francisco del Monte, Novaliches, and Balintawak. On August 23, 1896, the Katipunan led by Andres Bonifacio declared a revolution against Spain in the house of Melchora Aquino in Pugad Lawin (now known as Bahay Toro, Project 8). In the early 20th century, President Manuel L. Quezon dreamt of a city that would become the future capital of the country to replace Manila. It is believed that his earlier trip to Mexico influenced his vision.

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Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.

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Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv, officially Tel Aviv-Yafo (Hebrew: תֵּל־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ‎‎; Arabic: تل أبيب‎), is the second most populous city in Israel. It has a population of 404,400 within city limits, on a land area of 52 km² (20 sq mi). The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in central-west Israel. In 2010, it was the largest and most populous city in the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area of 3,325,700 residents, known as Gush Dan. The city is governed by the Tel Aviv-Yafo municipality, headed by Ron Huldai. Residents of Tel Aviv are referred to as Tel Avivim.
Tel Aviv was founded in 1909 by the Jewish Community of Jaffa (Hebrew: יָפוֹ‎‎ Yafo; Arabic: يافا‎ Yāfā), on the outskirts of the ancient port city. The growth of Tel Aviv soon outpaced Jaffa, which had a majority Arab population at the time. Tel Aviv and Jaffa were merged into a single municipality in 1950, two years after the establishment of the State of Israel. Tel Aviv's White City, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003, comprises the world's largest concentration of Bauhaus buildings.

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The Broadway Theatre
Coordinates: 40°45′49″N 73°59′01″W / 40.763481°N 73.983492°W / 40.763481; -73.983492
The Broadway Theatre (formerly Universal's Colony Theatre, B.S. Moss' Broadway Theatre, Earl Carroll's Broadway Theatre, and Ciné Romais) is a Broadway theatre located in midtown-Manhattan. It has a large seating capacity of 1,761, and unlike most Broadway theaters, it is literally located on Broadway, at number 1681.
Designed by architect Eugene De Rosa for Benjamin S. Moss, it opened as B.S. Moss's Colony Theatre on Christmas Day 1924 as a venue for vaudeville shows and motion pictures. The theater has operated in many capacities and under many names. It was renamed Universal's Colony Theatre, B.S. Moss' Broadway Theatre, and Earl Carroll's Broadway Theatre before becoming a legitimate theater house simply called Broadway Theatre on December 8, 1930. In 1937, known as Ciné Roma, it showed Italian films. For a short time during the 1950s it showed Cinerama films.
On November 18, 1928 the first Mickey Mouse cartoon released to the public, Steamboat Willie, debuted at the Colony. Producer Walt Disney returned on November 13, 1940 to debut the feature film Fantasia in Fantasound, an early stereo system.^{[citation needed]}

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Abel Gance
Abel Gance (25 October 1889 – 10 November 1981) was a French film director and producer, writer and actor. He is best known for three major silent films: J'accuse (1919), La Roue (1923), and the monumental Napoléon (1927).
Born in Paris in 1889, Abel Gance was the illegitimate son of a prosperous doctor, Abel Flamant, and a working class mother, Françoise Péréthon (or Perthon). Initially taking his mother's name, he was brought up until the age of eight by his maternal grandparents in the coal mining town of Commentry in central France. He then returned to Paris to rejoin his mother who had by then married Adolphe Gance, a chauffeur and mechanic, whose name Abel then adopted.
Although he later fabricated the history of a brilliant school career and middle-class background, Gance left school at the age of 14, and the love of literature and art which sustained him throughout his life was in part the result of self-education. He started working as a clerk in a solicitor's office, but after a couple of years he turned to acting in the theatre. When he was 18, he was given a season's contract at the Théâtre royal du Parc in Brussels, where he developed friendships with the actor Victor Francen and the writer Blaise Cendrars.

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Bosley Crowther
Bosley Crowther (July 13, 1905 – March 7, 1981) was an American journalist and author who was film critic for The New York Times for 27 years. His reviews and articles helped shape the careers of actors, directors and screenwriters, though his reviews, at times, have been perceived as unnecessarily mean. Crowther was an advocate of foreign-language films in the 1950s and 1960s, particularly those of Roberto Rossellini, Vittorio De Sica, Ingmar Bergman, and Federico Fellini.
Born Francis Bosley Crowther Jr. in Lutherville, Maryland, Crowther moved as a child to Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he published a neighborhood newspaper, The Evening Star. His family moved to Washington, D.C., and Crowther graduated from Western High School in 1922. After two years of prep school in Orange, Virginia at Woodberry Forest School, he entered Princeton University, where he majored in history. For his writing performance, Crowther was offered a job as a cub reporter for The New York Times at a salary of $30 a week. He declined the offer, made to him by the publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger, hoping to find employment on a small Southern newspaper. When the salary offered by those papers wasn't half of the Times offer, he went to New York and took the job. He was the first night club reporter for the Times, and in 1933 was asked by Brooks Atkinson to join the drama department. He spent five years covering the theater scene in New York, and even dabbled in writing for the theater.^{[citation needed]}

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David Sarnoff
David Sarnoff (Belarusian: Даві́д Сарно́ў, Russian: Дави́д Сарно́в, February 27, 1891 – December 12, 1971) was an American businessman and pioneer of American commercial radio and television. Throughout most of his career he led the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) in various capacities from shortly after its founding in 1919 until his retirement in 1970.
He ruled over an ever-growing telecommunications and consumer electronics empire that included both RCA and NBC, and became one of the largest companies in the world. Named a Reserve Brigadier General of the Signal Corps in 1945, Sarnoff thereafter was widely known as "The General."
Sarnoff is credited with Sarnoff's law, which states that the value of a broadcast network is proportional to the number of viewers.
David Sarnoff was born in Uzlyany, a small town in Belarus, to Abraham and Leah Sarnoff. He emigrated to the United States and raised funds to bring the family. Sarnoff spent much of his early childhood in a cheder studying and memorizing the Torah. He immigrated with his mother and three brothers and one sister to New York City in 1900, where he helped support his family by selling newspapers before and after his classes at the Educational Alliance. In 1906 his father became incapacitated by tuberculosis, and at age 15 Sarnoff went to work to support the family. He had planned to pursue a full-time career in the newspaper business, but a chance encounter led to a position as an office boy at the Commercial Cable Company. When his superior refused him unpaid leave for Rosh Hashanah, he joined the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America on September 30, 1906, and started a career of over sixty years in electronic communications.

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Fritz Kreisler
Friedrich "Fritz" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born violinist and composer. One of the most famous violin masters of his or any other day, and regarded as one of the greatest violinists of all time, he was known for his sweet tone and expressive phrasing. Like many great violinists of his generation, he produced a characteristic sound which was immediately recognizable as his own. Although he derived in many respects from the Franco-Belgian school, his style is nonetheless reminiscent of the gemütlich (cozy) lifestyle of pre-war Vienna.
Kreisler was born in Vienna to a Jewish father and a German mother; he was baptised at age twelve. He studied at the Vienna Conservatory and in Paris, where his teachers included Anton Bruckner, Léo Delibes, Jakob Dont, Joseph Hellmesberger, Jr., Joseph Massart, and Jules Massenet. He made his United States debut at Steinway Hall in New York City on November 10, 1888, and his first tour of the United States in 1888–1889 with Moriz Rosenthal, then returned to Austria and applied for a position in the Vienna Philharmonic. He was turned down by the concertmaster Arnold Rosé. Hearing a recording of the Rosé Quartet, it is easy to hear why – Rosé was sparing in his use of vibrato, and Kreisler would not have blended successfully with the orchestra's violin section.^{[citation needed]} As a result, he left music to study medicine. He spent a brief time in the army before returning to the violin in 1899, giving a concert with the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Arthur Nikisch. It was this concert and a series of American tours from 1901 to 1903 that brought him real acclaim.

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Lowell Thomas
Lowell Jackson Thomas (April 6, 1892 – August 29, 1981) was an American writer, broadcaster, and traveler, best known as the man who made Lawrence of Arabia famous. So varied were Thomas's activities that when it came time for the Library of Congress to catalog his memoirs they were forced to put them in "CT" ("biographies of subjects who do not fit into any other category") in their classification.^{[citation needed]}
Thomas was born in Woodington, Darke County, Ohio, to Harry and Harriet (née Wagner) Thomas. His father was a doctor and his mother a school teacher. In 1900, the family moved to the mining town of Victor, Colorado. There he worked as a gold miner, a cook, and a reporter on the newspaper.
In 1910, Thomas graduated from Victor High School, where one of his teachers was Mabel Barbee Lee. The following year, he graduated from Valparaiso University with bachelor's degrees in education and science. The next year he received both a B.A. and an M.A. from the University of Denver and began work for the Chicago Journal, writing for it until 1914. Thomas also was on the faculty of Chicago-Kent College of Law at Illinois Institute of Technology, where he taught oratory from 1912 to 1914. He then went to New Jersey, where he studied for a master's at Princeton University (he received the degree in 1916) and again taught oratory at the university.

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Mike Todd
Michael Todd (June 22, 1909 - March 22, 1958) was an American theatre and film producer, best known for his 1956 production of Around the World in Eighty Days, which won an Academy Award for Best Picture. He is also well known as the third of Elizabeth Taylor's seven husbands.
Todd was born Avrom Hirsch Goldbogen in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Chaim Goldbogen (an Orthodox rabbi) and Sophia Hellerman, both Polish Jewish immigrants. He was one of nine children in a poor family, the youngest son, and his siblings nicknamed him "Toat" to mimic his difficulty pronouncing the word "coat." It was from this that his name was derived.
The family later moved to Chicago, arriving on the day World War I ended. Todd was expelled^{[citation needed]} in the sixth grade for running a game of craps inside the school. In high school, he produced the school play, The Mikado, which was considered a hit. He eventually dropped out of high school and worked at a variety of jobs, including shoe salesman and store window decorator. One of his first jobs was as a soda jerk. When the drugstore went out of business, Todd had acquired enough medical knowledge from his work there to be hired at Chicago's Michael Reese Hospital as a type of "security guard" to stop visitors from bringing in food that was not on the patient's diet.

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Richard Rodgers
Richard Charles Rodgers (June 28, 1902 – December 31, 1979) was an American composer of music for more than 900 songs and for 43 Broadway musicals. He also composed music for films and television. He is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II. His compositions have had a significant impact on popular music down to the present day, and have an enduring broad appeal.
Rodgers was the first person to win what are considered the top show business awards in television, recording, movies and Broadway—an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, and a Tony—now known collectively as an EGOT. He has also won a Pulitzer Prize, making him one of two people (Marvin Hamlisch is the other) to receive each award.
Born into a prosperous ethnic German Jewish family in Arverne, Queens, New York City, Rodgers was the son of Mamie Levy and Dr. William Abrahams Rodgers, a prominent physician who had changed the family name from Abrahams. Richard began playing the piano at age six. He attended P.S. 10, Townsend Harris Hall and DeWitt Clinton High School. Rodgers spent his early teenage summers in Camp Wigwam (Waterford, Maine) where he composed some of his first songs.

wn.com/Richard_Rodgers
Waldemar Kaempffert
Waldemar Kaempffert (September 27, 1877 - November 27, 1956) was a US science writer and museum director.
Waldemar (Bernhard) Kaempffert was born and raised in New York City. He received his B.S. from the City College of New York in 1897. Thereafter he was employed by Scientific American, first as a translator (1897–1900), then as managing editor (1900–1916). He also wrote articles about science for other publications during this time, including three articles for Harper's, beginning in 1908. In 1916, he started working as the editor of Popular Science Monthly. Around 1918, he married Carolyn Lydia Yeaton, who died in 1933.
In 1922, he began writing essays about science for the New York Times, where he was named Editor of Science and Engineering in 1927. He would continue to hold this position till 1953. During the 1920s, he also wrote free-lance magazine articles. in a June 1924 essay for Forum magazine, "The Social Destiny of Radio," he addressed a non-technical audience, discussing where radio had been and how it was changing American life.

wn.com/Waldemar_Kaempffert

Cinerama (2010)

Plot

Keywords: one-word-title

Genres

Drama

Taglines:

Quotes:

Cinerama - Careless

Cinerama - Careless...

published: 09 Apr 2007

author: bleuolympic

This is Cinerama, Trailer

Trailer for classic 3 panel Cinerama movie, This is Cinerama....

published: 17 Mar 2011

author: strohmaier

Cinerama - Lollobrigida

...

published: 20 Jul 2009

author: Ekin Eryaşar

CINERAMA 2012

For the first time in 50 years see a Cinerama camera in action. This short documentary by ...

published: 15 Jan 2012

author: Michael J. Cahill

This is Cinerama

Just i made a clip nostalgic about Cinerama, i was very impressed first when i was a litle...

published: 15 Jan 2010

author: AdolfoHaggen

Cinerama - Let's Pretend

From Disco Volante album... sorry for the crappy video! :)...

published: 23 Jun 2009

author: jedancovek

Brian Trenchard-Smith on THIS IS CINERAMA

Brian Trenchard-Smith shows off CINERAMA Back in the days when moviegoing was an event, th...

published: 23 Jan 2012

author: trailersfromhell

THIS IS CINERAMA Blu-ray Unboxing And Review

THIS IS CINERAMA (1952) makes its HD debut on Blu-ray. This is a must for film fanatics an...

published: 27 Oct 2012

author: phuckinaye

CINERAMA 2012 Part 2

Our documentary cameras follow the CINERAMA crew on yet another production day while filmi...

published: 14 Mar 2012

author: Michael J. Cahill

Simply Cinerama

A brief history of the Cinerama theater in Seattle, Washington, and why it's awesome!...

published: 24 Jun 2010

author: DancingCorgi

Cinerama Dome (Los Angeles, USA) Celebrates Cinerama's 60th Anniversary

Join us September 28th - October 4th at Hollywood's Historic CINERAMA Dome to celebrate Ci...

published: 20 Jul 2012

author: in70mm

The Last Days of Cinerama - Official Trailer

UPCOMING SCREENINGS: - Saturday, 2/9 - Dam Short Festival - Boulder City, Nevada - Saturda...

published: 09 Oct 2012

author: WHNvideoproduction

Cinerama Theatre Rotterdam

Featuring a Cinerama 3 Strip Projection Room...

published: 06 Apr 2010

author: fp30e

CINERAMA MEMORIES.mov

Cinerama comes to the Abbey Cinema Wavertree Liverpool 1964...

published: 27 Feb 2012

author: frank baker

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photo: AP / Ariel Schalit

Israeli troops patrol along the border between Israel and Syria

Israeli jets targeted military research center: Syria

Zeenews

31 Jan 2013

Zeenews Bureau. Damascus. The Syrian Army has confirmed that Israeli Air Force fighter planes carried out strikes in its territory, but denied reports of a convoy carrying weapons to Lebanon was bombed. The Syrian Army statement says that the IAF jet fighters’ target was a military research centre near the border with Lebanon. Two people have been reported to be dead and five others injured in the attack ... First Published ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)

photo: AP / Aleppo Revolution Against Assad Regime

This citizen journalism image provided by Aleppo Revolution Against Assad's Regime which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows dead bodies on a street in Aleppo, Syria Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013.

Syria Massacre: Group Says At Least 65 Found Shot In Head, With Hands Bound In Aleppo

Huffington Post

29 Jan 2013

By Alexander Dziadosz and Oliver Holmes. BEIRUT, Jan 29 (Reuters) - At least 65 people were found shot dead with their hands bound in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo on Tuesday in a "new massacre" in the near two-year revolt against President Bashar al-Assad, activists said. Opposition campaigners blamed the government but it was impossible to confirm who was responsible ... The U.N ... State media did not mention the incident ... STALEMATE ... ....(size: 9.0Kb)

photo: AP / Korea Aerospace Research Institute

In this photo released by Korea Aerospace Research Institute, South Korea's rocket lifts off from its launch pad at the Naro Space Center in Goheung, South Korea, Wednesday, Jan. 30, 2013.

South Korea launches rocket carrying satellite in battle for space supremacy

The Guardian

30 Jan 2013

Launch of 140-tonne rocket likely to anger North Korea, which incurred tougher UN sanctions after December launch. The rocket takes off from its launchpad at Naro, south of Seoul. South Korea has twice before failed to put a satellite into space. Photograph. Kari/AFP/Getty Images ... Relief greeted the Naro rocket's flawless liftoff from a space centre on the south coast at 4pm local time ... ....(size: 3.1Kb)

photo: AP / David Guttenfelder

N. Korea revealed - on Google

Star Tribune

30 Jan 2013

SEOUL - Until Tuesday, North Korea appeared on Google Maps as a near-total white space -- no roads, no train lines, no parks and no restaurants. The only thing labeled was the capital city, Pyongyang. This all changed when Google, on Tuesday, rolled out a detailed map of one of the world's most secretive states ... Similar processes were used in other once-unmapped countries like Afghanistan and Myanmar ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)

photo: AP / Patrick Semansky

Obama calls for swift overhaul on immigration

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

30 Jan 2013

LAS VEGAS -- Seizing an opening to rewrite the nation's immigration laws, President Barack Obama challenged Congress on Tuesday to act swiftly to put 11 million illegal immigrants living in the United States on a clear path to citizenship ... The response suggests that reaching consensus on immigration law changes remained difficult despite a new bipartisan push since the November elections ... Mr ... Sen ... He continued ... Although Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)

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Nicholas Hoult Gets Over Jennifer Lawrence Heartbreak With Co-Star Teresa Palmer At 'Warm Bodies' Premiere!

Entertainment Wise

31 Jan 2013

The pair attended the premiere at the ArcLight Cinerama Dome in LA on Tuesday night, with both looking suitably stunning enough to form one half of another A-list couple. Of the movie Hoult told BANG Showbiz. "It's about a zombie called R, my character, who has no memory of his living life but realizes there was something more to being human and wants to connect. Nicholas Hoult. Zombie romantic? (Photo. Ai-Wire/WENN). Adding ... ....(size: 1.9Kb)

Documentary capturing Van Nuys' legendary Sound City studio premieres Thursday night in L.A.

LA Daily News

31 Jan 2013

By Bob Strauss, Staff Writerdailynews.com. Posted.   01/30/2013 06.29.26 PM PST. January 31, 2013 2.36 AM GMTUpdated. 01/30/2013 06.36.54 PM PST. SCREENINGS ... • 11.15 p.m. Friday, $11. Art Theatre, 2025 E. Fourth St. Long Beach ... Friday. $11 ... premiere Thursday night at the Cinerama Dome followed by a sold-out concert at the Palladium - marks the first time Nirvana and Foo Fighters drummer/guitarist Grohl has made a movie....(size: 2.2Kb)

Lindsay Lohan News: Troubled Actress Moves In With Mom, Gets New Brother From Dad, And ...

Huffington Post

31 Jan 2013

Actress Lindsay Lohan attends the film premiere of 'Treasure Planet' at The Cinerama Dome on November 17, 2002 in Hollywood, California ... Actress Lindsay Lohan arrives at the premiere of Paramount's 'Mean Girls' at the Cinerama Dome, on April 19, 2004 in Los Angeles, California ... the Cinerama Dome Theater on April 19, 2004 in Los Angeles, California....(size: 18.5Kb)

'Warm Bodies' premieres in Hollywood (Photos)

The Examiner

31 Jan 2013

"Warm Bodies" had its Hollywood premiere at ArcLight Cinemas Cinerama Dome on Jan. 29, 2013, in Hollywood, Calif. "Warm Bodies" was directed by Jonathan Levine and stars Nicholas Hoult, Teresa Palmer, John Malkovich ... Trailer for "Warm Bodies"Trailer for "Warm Bodies" ... "Warm Bodies" debuted in Greece, Kuwait, Russia and the Ukraine on Jan. 31. 2013. The horror flick will hit U.S. theaters on Friday, Feb.1, 2013 ... Thank you!....(size: 7.0Kb)

Lindsay Lohan At JFK: Actress Heads To LA After Claiming She Was Too Sick For ...

Huffington Post

30 Jan 2013

Jimmy Kimmel Finds Pedestrians Who Already Saw The Super Bowl (VIDEO)

Huffington Post

30 Jan 2013

Man, wasn't the Super Bowl just great?. According to pedestrians outside the "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" studio, not only did the Super Bowl already happen, but it was quite an eventful evening ... Also on HuffPost. Loading Slideshow. Jimmy Kimmel And David Letterman. In this Oct ... Comedian Jimmy Kimmel attends the premiere of Universal Pictures' 'Funny People' held at ArcLight Cinemas Cinerama Dome on July 20, 2009 in Hollywood, California ...   ... ....(size: 9.6Kb)

Lindsay Lohan Acted 'Like A Child' On 'Canyons' Set, Says Co-Star James Deen

Huffington Post

28 Jan 2013

REMEMBERING CINERAMA (Part 57: Wichita)

Cinema Treasures

25 Jan 2013

The following is a semi-regular series of retrospectives on CINERAMA, the legendary motion picture process that initiated the widescreen revolution. The series, contrary to what you will find elsewhere, focuses on providing a city-by-city historical record of when and where Cinerama and its multi-panel clones were exhibited ... Cinerama Presentations in Wichita, Kansas! ... THIS IS CINERAMA ... CINERAMA”. CINERAMA HOLIDAY....(size: 11.0Kb)

Sarah Silverman Reunites With Matt Damon On 'Jimmy Kimmel Live' (VIDEO)

Huffington Post

25 Jan 2013

Matt Damon took revenge on years of taunting from Jimmy Kimmel on Thursday night, by kidnapping him and taking over his show ... Also on HuffPost. Loading Slideshow. Jimmy Kimmel And David Letterman. In this Oct ... 1, 2012 in New York ... FILE - This Nov ... HOLLYWOOD, CA - NOVEMBER 03 ... Comedian Jimmy Kimmel attends the premiere of Universal Pictures' 'Funny People' held at ArcLight Cinemas Cinerama Dome on July 20, 2009 in Hollywood, California ... Like ... ....(size: 10.0Kb)

'The Canyons' & SXSW: Lindsay Lohan's Movie Was Rejected By South By Southwest

Huffington Post

24 Jan 2013

'The Canyons' & SXSW: Linday Lohan's Movie Was Rejected By South By Southwest

Huffington Post

23 Jan 2013

Lindsay Lohan, Live TV? Troubled Star Turns Down 'DWTS' Offer Because She Can't Show Up ...

Huffington Post

23 Jan 2013

sons of anarchy Charlie Hunnam Jackson Jax Teller haircut photos season 4 on FX

The Examiner

23 Jan 2013

Promotional SOA photosSons of Anarchy Charlie Hunnam Jackson Jax Teller haircut photos season 4 on FX Promotional SOA photosSons of Anarchy Charlie Hunnam Jackson Jax Teller haircut photos season 4 on FX Promotional SOA photosSons of Anarchy Charlie Hunnam Jackson Jax Teller haircut photos season 4 on FX Promotional SOA photosSons of Anarchy ......(size: 5.3Kb)

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For the UK rock group, see Cinerama (band).

Cinerama is the trademarked name for a widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge, deeply-curved screen, subtending 146° of arc. It is also the trademarked name for the corporation which was formed to market it. It was the first of a number of such processes introduced during the 1950s, when the movie industry was reacting to competition from television. Cinerama was presented to the public as a theatrical event, with reserved seating and printed programs, and audience members often dressed in best attire for the evening.

The Cinerama projection screen, rather than being a continuous surface like most screens, is made of hundreds of individual vertical strips of standard perforated screen material, each about 7/8 inch (~22 mm) wide, with each strip angled to face the audience, so as to prevent light scattered from one end of the deeply-curved screen from reflecting across the screen and washing out the image on the opposite end.^[1] The display is accompanied by a high-quality, seven-track discrete directional surround sound system.

The original system involved shooting with three synchronized cameras sharing a single shutter. This was later abandoned in favor of a system using a single camera and 70mm prints. This latter system lost the 146° field of view of the original three-strip system and the resolution was markedly lower. Three-strip Cinerama did not use anamorphic lenses, although two of the systems used to produce the 70mm prints (Ultra Panavision 70 and Super Technirama 70) did employ anamorphics. Later, 35mm anamorphic reduction prints were produced for exhibition in theatres with anamorphic Cinemascope-compatible projection lenses.

1 History
2 Single-Film "Cinerama"
3 Cinerama today
4 Cinerama features
5 "Cinerama" video stretching mode
6 See also
7 References
8 Footnotes
9 External links

History [link]

Process and Production [link]

Cinerama was invented by Fred Waller and commercially developed by Waller and Merian C. Cooper.^{[citation needed]} It was the outgrowth of many years of development. A forerunner was the triple-screen final sequence in the silent Napoléon made in 1927 by Abel Gance; Gance's classic was considered lost in the 1950s, however, known of only by hearsay, and Waller could not have actually seen it. Waller had earlier developed an 11-projector system called "Vitarama" at the Petroleum Industry exhibit in the 1939 New York World's Fair. A five-camera version, the Waller Gunnery Trainer, was used during the Second World War.

The word "Cinerama" combines cinema with panorama, the origin of all the "-orama" neologisms (the word "panorama" comes from the Greek words "pan", meaning all, and "orama", which translates into that which is seen, a sight, or a spectacle). It has been suggested that Cinerama could have been an intentional anagram of the word American; but an online posting by Dick Babish, describing the meeting at which it was named, says that this is "purely accidental, however delightful."^[2]

The photographic system used three interlocked 35 mm cameras equipped with 27 mm lenses, approximately the focal length of the human eye. Each camera photographed one third of the picture shooting in a crisscross pattern, the right camera shooting the left part of the image, the left camera shooting the right part of the image and the center camera shooting straight ahead. The three cameras were mounted as one unit, set at 48 degrees to each other. A single rotating shutter in front of the three lenses assured simultaneous exposure on each of the films. The three angled cameras photographed an image that was not only three times as wide as a standard film but covered 146 degrees of arc, close to the human field of vision, including peripheral vision. The image was photographed six sprocket holes high, rather than the usual four used in other 35 mm processes. The picture was photographed and projected at 26 frames per second rather than the usual 24.^{[citation needed]}

According to film historian Martin Hart, in the original Cinerama system "the camera aspect ratio [was] 2.59:1" with an "optimum screen image, with no architectural constraints, [of] about 2.65:1, with the extreme top and bottom cropped slightly to hide anomalies". He further comments on the unreliability of "numerous websites and other resources that will tell you that Cinerama had an aspect ratio of up to 3:1."^[3]

File:HowCineramaisprojected.gif

How Cinerama is projected

In theaters, Cinerama film was projected from three projection booths arranged in the same crisscross pattern as the cameras. They projected onto a deeply curved screen, the outer thirds of which were made of over 1100 strips of material mounted on "louvers" like a vertical venetian blind, to prevent light projected to each end of the screen from reflecting to the opposite end and washing out the image. This was a big-ticket, reserved-seats spectacle, and the Cinerama projectors were adjusted carefully and operated skillfully. To prevent adjacent images from creating an overilluminated vertical band where they overlapped on the screen, vibrating combs in the projectors, called "jiggolos," alternately blocked the image from one projector and then the other; the overlapping area thus received no more total illumination than the rest of the screen, and the rapidly-alternating images within the overlap smoothed out the visual transition between adjacent image "panels." Great care was taken to match color and brightness when producing the prints. Nevertheless, the seams between panels were usually noticeable. Optical limitations with the design of the camera itself meant that if distant scenes joined perfectly, closer objects did not (parallax error). A nearby object might split into two as it crossed the seams. To avoid calling attention to the seams, scenes were often composed with unimportant objects such as trees or posts at the seams, and action was blocked so as to center actors within panels. This gave a distinctly "triptych-like" appearance to the composition even when the seams themselves were not obvious. It was often necessary to have actors in different sections "cheat" where they looked in order to appear to be looking at each other in the final projected picture. Enthusiasts say the seams were not obtrusive; detractors disagree. Lowell Thomas, an investor in the company with Mike Todd, was still raving about the process in his memoirs thirty years later.

In addition to the visual impact of the image, Cinerama was one of the first processes to use multitrack magnetic sound. The system, developed by Hazard E. Reeves, one of the Cinerama investors, played back from a full coated 35 mm magnetic film with seven tracks of sound (five behind the screen, two on the side and back of the auditorium with a sound engineer directing the sound between the surround speakers according to a script). The projectors and sound system were synchronized by a system using selsyn motors.

Drawbacks [link]

the Cinerama in Los Angeles

The Cinerama system had some obvious drawbacks. If one of the films should break, it had to be repaired with a black slug exactly equal to the missing footage. Otherwise, the corresponding frames would have had to be cut from the other three films (the other two picture films plus the soundtrack film) in order to preserve synchronization. The use of zoom lenses was impossible since the three images would no longer match. Perhaps the greatest limitation of the process is that the picture looks natural only from within a rather limited "sweet spot." Viewed from outside the sweet spot, the picture is annoyingly distorted.

The system also required a bit of improvisation on the part of the film producers. It was not possible to film any scene where any part of the scene was close to the camera as the fields of view no longer met exactly. Further, any close up material had an annoying bend in it at the joins. It was also difficult to film actors talking to each other where both were in shot, because when they looked at each other when filmed, the resultant image showed the actors appearing to look past each other, particularly if they appeared on different films. Early directors side stepped this latter problem by only shooting one actor at a time and cutting between them. Later directors worked out where to have the actors looking to create a natural shot. Each actor was required not to look at his fellow actor, but at a cue placed where he needed to look.

Finally, vibrations where the individual cameras and/or projectors vibrate independently, jittering vertical lines present themselves at one third and two thirds of the way across the screen. Future systems such as Circle-Vision 360° would correct for this by having masked areas between the screens.

The impact these films had on the big screen cannot be assessed from television or video, or even from 'scope prints, which marry the three images together with the seams clearly visible. Because they were designed to be seen on a curved screen, the geometry looks distorted on television; someone walking from left to right appears to approach the camera at an angle, move away at an angle, and then repeat the process on the other side of the screen.

Premiere [link]

the Cinerama in Tel Aviv

The first Cinerama film, This Is Cinerama, premiered on 30 September 1952, at The Broadway Theatre in New York. The New York Times judged it to be front-page news. Notables attending included: New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey; violinist Fritz Kreisler; James A. Farley; Metropolitan Opera manager Rudolph Bing; NBC chairman David Sarnoff; CBS chairman William S. Paley; Broadway composer Richard Rodgers; and Hollywood mogul Louis B. Mayer.

Writing in the New York Times a few days after the system premiered, film critic Bosley Crowther wrote:^{[citation needed]}

Somewhat the same sensations that the audience in Koster and Bial's Music Hall must have felt on that night, years ago, when motion pictures were first publicly flashed on a large screen were probably felt by the people who witnessed the first public showing of Cinerama the other night... the shrill screams of the ladies and the pop-eyed amazement of the men when the huge screen was opened to its full size and a thrillingly realistic ride on a roller-coaster was pictured upon it, attested to the shock of the surprise. People sat back in spellbound wonder as the scenic program flowed across the screen. It was really as though most of them were seeing motion pictures for the first time.... the effect of Cinerama in this its initial display is frankly and exclusively "sensational," in the literal sense of that word.

While observing that the system "may be hailed as providing a new and valid entertainment thrill," Crowther expressed some skeptical reserve, saying "the very size and sweep of the Cinerama screen would seem to render it impractical for the story-telling techniques now employed in film.... It is hard to see how Cinerama can be employed for intimacy. But artists found ways to use the movie. They may well give us something brand-new here."

A technical review by Waldemar Kaempffert published in the Times the same day hailed the system. He praised the stereophonic sound system and noted that "the fidelity of the sounds was irreproachable. Applause in La Scala sounded like the clapping of hands and not like pieces of wood slapped together." He noted, however that "There is nothing new about these stereophonic sound effects. The Bell Telephone Laboratories and Prof. Harold Burris-Meyer of Stevens Institute of Technology demonstrated the underlying principles years ago." Kaempfert also noted:

There is no question that Waller has made a notable advance in cinematography. But it must be said that at the sides of his gigantic screen there is some distortion more noticeable in some parts of the house than in others. The three projections were admirably blended, yet there were visible bands of demarcation on the screen.

Venues [link]

The Cooper Theatre in Denver, Colorado.

Although existing theatres were adapted to show Cinerama films, in 1961 and 1962 the non-profit Cooper Foundation of Lincoln, Nebraska, designed and built three near-identical circular "super-Cinerama" theaters in Denver, Colorado; St. Louis Park, Minnesota (a Minneapolis suburb); and Omaha, Nebraska. They were considered the finest venues to view Cinerama films. The theaters were designed by architect Richard L. Crowther of Denver, a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects.

The first such theater, the Cooper Theater,^[4] built in Denver, featured a 146-degree louvered screen (measuring 105 feet by 35 feet), 814 seats, courtesy lounges on the sides of the theatre for relaxation during intermission (including concessions and smoking facilities), and a ceiling which routed air and heating through small vent slots in order to inhibit noise from the building's ventilation equipment. [3] It was demolished in 1994 to make way for a Barnes and Noble Bookstore.

The second, also called the Cooper Theater,^[5] was built in St. Louis Park at 5755 Wayzata Blvd. The last film presented there was Dances with Wolves in January, 1991, and at that time the Cooper was considered the "flagship" in the Plitt theatre chain. Efforts were made to preserve the theatre, but at the time it did not qualify for national or state historical landmark status (as it was not more than fifty years old) nor were there local preservation laws. It was torn down in 1992. An office complex with a TGI Friday's on the west end of the property is there today.

The third super-Cinerama, the Indian Hills Theater,^[6] was built in Omaha, Nebraska. The Indian Hills theater closed on Sept. 28, 2000 as a result of the bankruptcy of Carmike Cinemas, and the final film presented was the rap music-drama Turn It Up. The theater was demolished on August 20, 2001.

Venues outside the USA included the Regent Plaza cinema in Melbourne, Australia [4], which was adapted for Cinerama in 1960 to show This is Cinerama and Seven Wonders of the World. The Imperial Theatre in Montreal and the Glendale in Toronto were the Canadian homes for Cinerama.

Roman Cinerama Theater at Quezon Boulevard in Manila and Nation Cinerama Theater in Araneta Center, Quezon City were the only Cinerama theaters built in the Philippines in the 1960s. Both theaters are now defunct.

The last Cinerama theater built was the Southcenter Theatre in 1970, opening near the Southcenter Mall of Tukwila, Washington. It closed in 2001.

Cinerama also purchased RKO-Stanley Warner (consisting of theaters formerly owned by Warner Bros. and RKO Pictures) in 1970.

Single-Film "Cinerama"[link]

Rising costs of making three-camera widescreen films caused Cinerama to stop making such films in their original form shortly after the first release of How the West Was Won. The use of Ultra Panavision 70 for certain scenes (such as the river raft sequence) later printed onto the three Cinerama panels, proved that a more or less satisfactory wide screen image could be photographed without the three cameras. Consequently, Cinerama discontinued the three film process, with the exception of a single theater (McVickers' Cinerama Theatre in Chicago) showing Cinerama's Russian Adventure, an American-Soviet co-production culled from footage of several Soviet films shot in the rival Soviet three-film format known as Kinopanorama in 1966.

Cinerama continued through the rest of the 1960s as a brand name used initially with the Ultra Panavision 70 widescreen process (which yielded a similar 2.76 aspect ratio to the original Cinerama, although it did not simulate the 146 degree field of view.) Optically "rectified" prints and special lenses were used to project the 70 mm prints onto the curved screen. The films shot in Ultra Panavision for single lens Cinerama presentation were It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963), Battle of the Bulge (1965), The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965), The Hallelujah Trail (1965) and Khartoum (1966).

The less wide but still spectacular Super Panavision 70 was used to film the Cinerama presentations Grand Prix (1966), 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) (which also featured scenes shot in Todd-AO and MCS-70), Ice Station Zebra (1968) and Krakatoa, East of Java (1969) (which also featured scenes shot in Todd-AO).

The other 70mm systems used for single film Cinerama (Sovscope 70 and MCS-70) were similar to Super Panavision 70. Some films were shot in the somewhat lower resolution Super Technirama 70 process for Cinerama release, including Circus World (1964) and Custer of the West (1967).

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Cinerama name was used as a film distribution company, ironically reissuing single strip 70 mm and 35 mm Cinemascope reduction prints^{[citation needed]} of This Is Cinerama (1972).

Cinerama today [link]

The Cinerama company exists today as an entity of the Pacific Theatres chain. In recent years, hard work by dedicated enthusiasts has made possible showings of surviving and new Cinerama prints, notably at:

the Pictureville Cinema at the National Media Museum in Bradford, England beginning in June 1993
the New Neon Cinema in Dayton, Ohio from 1996 to 1999
the refurbished Seattle Cinerama in Seattle beginning in 1999
Pacific Theatres’ Cinerama Dome in Hollywood beginning in 2002.

In 1998, Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen purchased Seattle's Martin Cinerama, which then underwent a major restoration/upgrade. In 1999 it reopened with a special multi-day program featuring screenings of most of the major Cinerama classics, which drew patrons from around the world.

As of 2004, the Pictureville Cinema, Martin Cinerama and Cinerama Dome continue to hold periodic screenings of three-projector Cinerama movies. It is worth noting that the Cinerama Dome was designed for the three-projector system but never actually had it installed until recent years as it opened with the first of the single film 70 mm Cinerama films, It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World.

"SmileBox" version of How the West Was Won, as seen on the Blu-ray Disc release.

A 2003 documentary, Cinerama Adventure, took a look back at the history of the Cinerama process, as well as digitally recreating the Cinerama experience via clips of true Cinerama films (using transfers from original Cinerama prints). And Turner Entertainment (via Warner Bros.) has struck new Cinerama prints of How the West Was Won for exhibition in true Cinerama theatres around the world.

Cinerama established the standard for all of the large screen formats that followed.^{[citation needed]} Its successors, Todd-AO, CinemaScope, and the various 70 mm formats, all attempted to equal or surpass its grandeur while avoiding its problems to greater or lesser degrees of success. In movie theaters today the large format IMAX system continues the tradition, although the screen is taller and often less wide. It offers short documentaries and select main-stream feature films to audiences on huge screens in an immersive cinema experience.

In 2008 a Blu-ray Disc format video disc of How The West Was Won was released offering a recreation of Cinerama for home viewing.^[7] Computers were used to seamlessly stitch the three images together so that the resulting image does not have the visible seams of older versions. Furthermore, as a second viewing option, 3D mapping technology was used to produce an image that approximates the curved screen, called "SmileBox".

On January 14, 2012, an original Cinerama camera filmed a sequence at the Lasky Demille Barn, the original home to Famous Players Lasky, later to be renamed Paramount Pictures. This ushered in a new era as the first film photographed in the Cinerama process in almost 50 years. This sequence is part of a new production filmed entirely in the three panel process. The new film, In the Picture, is slated to open a Cinerama festival in September 2012 at the Cinerama Dome in Hollywood, California.

Cinerama features [link]

Although most of the films produced using the original three-strip Cinerama process were full feature length or longer, they were mostly travelogues or episodic documentaries such as This Is Cinerama (1952), the first film shot in Cinerama. Other travelogues presented in Cinerama were Cinerama Holiday (1955), Seven Wonders of the World (1955), Search for Paradise (1957) and South Seas Adventure (1958). There was also one commercial short, Renault Dauphin (1960).

Even as the Cinerama travelogues were beginning to lose audiences in the late 50s, the spectacular travelogue Windjammer (1958) was released in a competing process called Cinemiracle which claimed to have less noticeable dividing lines on the screen thanks to the reflection of the side images off of mirrors (this also allowed all three projectors to be in the same booth). Due to the small number of Cinemiracle theatres, specially converted prints of Windjammer were shown in Cinerama theaters in cities which did not have Cinemiracle theaters, and ultimately Cinerama bought up the process.

Only two films with traditional story lines were made, The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm and How the West Was Won. In order to make these films compatible with single film systems for later standard releases, they were shot at 24 frame/s, not the 26 frame/s of traditional Cinerama.

The following feature films have been advertised as being presented "in Cinerama":^[8]

Year	Title	Notes
1952	This is Cinerama	3-Strip Cinerama; re-released in 1972 in 70 mm Cinerama
1955	Cinerama Holiday	3-Strip Cinerama
1956	Seven Wonders of the World	3-Strip Cinerama
1957	Search for Paradise	3-Strip Cinerama
1958	South Seas Adventure	3-Strip Cinerama
1958	Windjammer	originally filmed in 3-strip Cinemiracle; later exhibited in Cinerama
1962	The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm	3-Strip Cinerama
	Holiday in Spain	a re-edited version of Scent of Mystery; originally filmed in Todd-70; converted to 3-strip Cinemiracle and exhibited in both Cinemiracle and Cinerama
	How The West Was Won	3-strip Cinerama, although some sequences were filmed in Ultra Panavision 70
1963	The Best of Cinerama	3-Strip Cinerama
1963	It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World	filmed in Ultra Panavision 70, presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1964	Circus World	filmed in Super Technirama 70, presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1964	Mediterranean Holiday	filmed in MCS-70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1965	The Golden Head	filmed in Super Technirama 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama in Europe only
	La Fayette	filmed in Super Technirama 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama in Europe only
	Chronicle of Flaming Years	filmed in Sovscope 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama in Europe only
	The Black Tulip	filmed in MCS-70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama in Europe only
	The Greatest Story Ever Told	filmed in Ultra Panavision 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
	The Hallelujah Trail	filmed in Ultra Panavision 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
	Battle of the Bulge	filmed in Ultra Panavision 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1966	Cinerama's Russian Adventure	filmed in Kinopanorama, presented in both 3-strip and 70 mm Cinerama
	Khartoum	filmed in Ultra Panavision 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
	Grand Prix	filmed in Super Panavision 70 with some sequences in MCS-70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1967	Custer of the West	filmed in Super Technirama 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1968	2001: A Space Odyssey	filmed in Super Panavision 70 with some scenes in Todd-AO and MCS-70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1968	Ice Station Zebra	filmed in Super Panavision 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1969	Krakatoa, East of Java	filmed in Super Panavision 70 and Todd-AO; presented in 70 mm Cinerama
1970	Song of Norway	filmed in Super Panavision 70; presented in 70 mm Cinerama in UK and Canada only
1972	The Great Waltz	filmed in 35 mm Panavision, presented in 70 mm Cinerama in UK only
1974	Run, Run Joe!	filmed in Todd-AO 35, presented in 70 mm Cinerama in UK only

"Cinerama" video stretching mode [link]

RCA uses the word "Cinerama" to refer to a display mode which fills a 16:9 video screen with 4:3 video with, in the words of the manufacturer, "little distortion." Manuals for products offering this mode give no detailed explanation.^[9] One online posting says it consists of "a slight cropping at the top & bottom combined with a slight stretch at only the sides," and praises it.^{[citation needed]} The posting suggests that other vendors provide a similar function under different names. Mitsubishi calls it "stretch" mode. The RCA Scenium TV also has a "stretch mode" as well it is a 4:3 picture stretched straight across.

There is no obvious connection between this video mode and any of the Cinerama motion picture processes. It is not clear why the name is used, unless the nonlinear stretch is vaguely evocative of a curved screen. (Ironically, some widescreen cinema processes—not Cinerama—displayed a fault known as "anamorphic mumps,"^[10] which consisted of a lateral stretch of objects closer to the camera).

In the U.S., RCA does not appear to have registered the word "Cinerama" as a trademark; conversely, a number of trademarks on "Cinerama," e.g. SN 74270575, are still "live" and held by Cinerama, Inc.

References [link]

"The Waller Flexible Gunnery Trainer." By Fred Waller. In: Journal of the SMPTE, Vol. 47, July, 1946, pp. 73–87
"New Movie Projection System Shown Here; Giant Wide Angle Screen Utilized." Bosley Crowther, The New York Times, October 1, 1952, p. 1
"Apparently Solid Motion Pictures Produced by Curved Screen and Peripheral Vision." Waldemar Kaempffert, The New York Times, October 5, 1952 p. E9
"Looking at Cinerama: An Awed and Quizzical Inspection of a New Film Projection System." Bosley Crowther, The New York Times, October 5, 1952 p. X1
Robert E. Carr and R. M. Hayes: Wide Screen Movies. A History and Filmography of Wide Gauge Filmmaking, MC Farland & Company, Inc., 1988. ISBN 0-89950-242-3 Chapter II. "The Multiple-Film and Deep Curved Screen Processes" pp. 11–54
Thomas, Lowell: So long until tomorrow: from Quaker Hill to Kathmandu, G. K. Hall 1977, ISBN 0-8161-6553-X Chapter "The Wonderful Life and Premature Death of Cinerama"
"Scenium" HD50LPW165 RCA receiver; full description of Cinerama mode in the instruction book says "The image of a 4:3 video signal is centered, expanding in the horizontal direction to fill the display with little distortion" whereas in "Stretch" mode "The image of a 4:3 video signal is stretched horizontally by approximately 33% while the vertical size stays the same."

Footnotes [link]

^ "Cinerama". www.widescreenmuseum.com. http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/wingcr2.htm. Retrieved 12 November 2009.
^ How Cinerama Got Its Name – The True Story!
^ Martin Hart, The American Widescreen Museum website.
^ Cooper Theater (Denver)
^ Cooper Theater (St. Louis Park)
^ Indian Hills Theater
^ Keith Phipps (November 11, 2008). "Imagine Seeing John Wayne in IMAX; That's sort of what watching How the West Was Won is like". Slate Magazine. http://www.slate.com/id/2204189/.
^ http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/widescreen/wingcr6.htm
^ [1]^{[dead link]}
^ [2]

External links [link]

The American WideScreen Museum Rich, encyclopedic website on widescreen motion-picture processes
Cinerama Detailed information on the history of Cinerama
Cinerama Adventure website About the documentary on Cinerama
Widescreen Movies Corrections Errata for the Carr & Hayes Book cited above. Periodically updated, the error list is now 60 pages long
Arclight Cinerama Dome On Sunset Blvd. – The Dome can now play 3-strip Cinerama with 7-channel Cinerama Stereophonic, 35 mm Magnetic sound.
Seattle Cinerama Sometimes schedules special events showing original Cinerama features
Cinerama Format
List of Cinerama Productions
Wide Screen Movies Magazine website – information on all widescreen formats, including Cinerama
What is Cinerama?

Motion picture film formats

Film gauges

Film formats

35 mm	CinemaScope (1953) VistaVision (1954) Modern anamorphic (1957) Super 35 (1982)

70 mm	Todd-AO (1955) IMAX (1970)

35 mm × 3	Cinerama (1952) Kinopanorama (1958) Cinemiracle (1958)

Aspect ratio standards

Video framing issues

Film portal

http://wn.com/Cinerama

http://fr.wn.com/Cinérama

http://nl.wn.com/Cinerama

http://pt.wn.com/Cinerama

http://de.wn.com/Cinerama

http://it.wn.com/Cinerama

http://pl.wn.com/Cinerama

http://es.wn.com/Cinerama

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinerama

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Zsa Zsa Gabor
Publicity photo of Gabor, 1955
Born	Sári Gábor (1917-02-06) February 6, 1917 (age 95) Budapest, Austria-Hungary (present-day Budapest, Hungary)
Nationality	Hungarian American
Occupation	Actress, socialite
Years active	1936–1997
Spouse	Burhan Asaf Belge (1937–41; divorced) Conrad Hilton (1942–46; divorced) George Sanders (1949–54; divorced) Herbert Hutner (1962–66; divorced) Joshua S. Cosden, Jr. (1966–67; divorced) Jack Ryan (1975–76; divorced) Michael O'Hara (1976–83; divorced) Felipe de Alba (1983; annulled) Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt (1986–present)
Children	Francesca Hilton (b. 1947)
Parents	Vilmos and Jolie Gabor
Relatives	Magda Gabor, Eva Gabor (sisters, deceased)

The native form of this personal name is Gábor Sári. This article uses the Western name order.

Sári Gábor (born February 6, 1917), known as Zsa Zsa Gabor, is a Hungarian-born American actress, who acted in supporting roles in movies, on Broadway, and occasionally on television. Gabor was also a socialite.

She began her stage career in Vienna, Austria, at the age of 15, and was crowned Miss Hungary in 1936.^[1] She emigrated to the United States in 1941 and became a sought-after actress with "European flair and style", with a personality that "exuded charm and grace".^[2] Her first movie role was as supporting actress in Lovely to Look At. She later acted in We're Not Married! and played one of her few leading roles in Moulin Rouge (1952), directed by John Huston, who described her as a "creditable" actress.^[3] Besides her film and television appearances, she is best known for having nine husbands, including hotel magnate Conrad Hilton and actor George Sanders. She once stated, "Men have always liked me and I have always liked men. But I like a mannish man, a man who knows how to talk to and treat a woman—not just a man with muscles."^[4]

1 Early life and career
2 Personal life
3 Filmography
4 Television
5 Plays
6 Bibliography
7 References
8 External links

Early life and career [link]

Born in Budapest (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), her birth name was Sári Gábor. She is the middle of three daughters born to Vilmos Gábor (1884–1962), a soldier, and Jolie Gábor (died 1997).^[5] Gabor was named after Sári Fedák, a popular Hungarian actress.^[6] Her elder sister Magda was a socialite and her younger sister Eva was an actress and businesswoman.

Gabor's mother, Jolie, was an aunt of Annette Lantos, wife of Hungarian-born U.S. congressman and Holocaust survivor, Tom Lantos.^[7]^[8] Jolie was of Jewish descent^[9] and barely escaped from Hungary after the Nazis occupied Budapest in 1944. She credits Magda's lover for helping her: "For Magda's Portuguese Ambassador I thank God. It was this man who saved my life."^[10] Gabor's maternal grandmother and uncle Sebastian (Annette Lantos's father) chose to remain in Budapest feeling they "had a good place to hide". However, both died during a bombing raid.^[10]

Following studies at Madame Subilia's, a Swiss boarding school, Zsa Zsa Gabor was discovered by the tenor Richard Tauber on a trip to Vienna in 1936 and was invited to sing the soubrette role in his new operetta, Der singende Traum ("The Singing Dream") at the Theater an der Wien, her first stage appearance. Author Gerold Frank, who helped Gabor write her autobiography in 1960, describes his impressions of her while the book was being written:

Zsa Zsa is unique. She's a woman from the court of Louis XV who has somehow managed to live in the 20th century, undamaged by the PTA ... She says she wants to be all the Pompadours and Du Barrys of history rolled into one, but she also says, "I always goof. I pay all my own bills ... I want to choose the man. I do not permit men to choose me."^[11]

Television host Merv Griffin, in his autobiography, described the Gabors, "in their heyday," as "glamour personified": "All these years later, it's hard to describe the phenomenon of the three glamorous Gabor girls and their ubiquitous mother. They burst onto the society pages and into the gossip columns so suddenly, and with such force, it was as if they'd been dropped out of the sky."^[12]

A biographical film is to be made on her life by Italian director Gabriela Tagliavini^[13] who claimed that Gabor "is a perfect celebrity to be the focus of a movie". According to Insider, Gabor is "an original. Her free spirit, eccentricity and wicked wit made her one of the most memorable celebrities of our time."^[13] Gabor's husband will reportedly be involved in the film's production.^[13]

Personal life [link]

Gabor has been married nine times. She was divorced seven times, and one marriage was annulled. Her husbands, in chronological order, are:

At a social affair, c. 1954 accompanied by international playboy and diplomat Porfirio Rubirosa (behind her, to the left)

Burhan Asaf Belge (1937–1941) (divorced)^[14]
Conrad Hilton (April 10, 1942 – 1947) (divorced)^[14]^[15]
George Sanders (April 2, 1949 – April 2, 1954) (divorced)^[14]
Herbert Hutner (November 5, 1962 – March 3, 1966) (divorced)^[16]^[17]
Joshua S. Cosden, Jr. (March 9, 1966 – October 18, 1967) (divorced)^[18]
Jack Ryan (January 21, 1975 – August 24, 1976) (divorced)^[19]
Michael O'Hara (August 27, 1976 – 1983) (divorced)^[20]
Felipe de Alba (April 13, 1983 – April 14, 1983) (annulled)^[21]
Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt (August 14, 1986 – present)

Gabor's high number of divorces inspired her to make numerous quotable puns and innuendos about her marital (and extramarital) history. She commented: "I am a marvelous housekeeper: Every time I leave a man I keep his house."^[22]^[23] When asked, "How many husbands have you had?", she was quoted as responding, "You mean other than [or 'apart from'] my own?".^[22]

While Gabor was still married to Conrad Hilton, she once admitted to having sexual relations with her stepson Nicky, future husband of Elizabeth Taylor.^[24]

In 1974, she purchased a home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, California which once belonged to Elvis Presley. In June 2011, it was announced that Gabor placed the house for sale.^[25]^[26] It was originally built by Howard Hughes^[27] and featured a unique-looking French style roof.

Gabor's only child, a daughter named Constance Francesca Hilton, was born on March 10, 1947.^[15] According to Gabor's 1991 autobiography One Lifetime Is Not Enough, her pregnancy resulted from rape by then-husband Conrad Hilton. She was the only Gabor sister to have a child.^[24] In 2005, Gabor accused her daughter of larceny and fraud, alleging that she had forged her signature to get a US$2 million loan on her mother's Bel Air house, and filed a lawsuit against Francesca in a California court. However, the Santa Monica Superior Court threw out the case because of Gabor's refusal to appear in court or to sign an affidavit that she indeed was a co-plaintiff on the original lawsuit filed by her husband, Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt.^[28]

Zsa Zsa helping out at the Denver Muscular Dystrophy TV Marathon, c. 1955

Health [link]

In 2002, Gabor was a passenger in an automobile crash in Los Angeles, from which she would remain partially paralyzed and reliant on a wheelchair for mobility. She survived strokes in 2005 and 2007 and underwent surgeries.^[29] In 2010, Gabor fractured and underwent a successful hip replacement.^[30]^[31] In 2011, her right leg was amputated above the knee to save her life due to an infection.^[32] She was hospitalized again during 2011 for various emergencies.^[33]^[34]^[35]

Legal difficulties [link]

On June 14, 1989, in Beverly Hills, California, Gabor was accused of slapping the face of a police officer named Paul Kramer when he stopped her for a traffic violation.^[36] She poked fun at her role in the incident in various cameo appearances, most notably in the 1991 comedy The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear, where she swats the police siren at the end of the opening credits shouting, "This happens every fucking time I go shopping!!"

Gabor also had a long-running feud with German-born actress Elke Sommer that began in 1984 when both appeared on Circus of the Stars and escalated into a multi-million dollar libel suit by 1993.^[37]

2009 financial problems [link]

On January 25, 2009, the Associated Press reported that her attorney stated that forensic accountants determined that Gabor may have lost as much as $10 million invested in Bernard Madoff's company, possibly through a third-party money manager.^[38]^[39] Marcus Prinz von Anhalt, a German nightclub owner and adopted son of Frédéric Prinz von Anhalt, reportedly provided significant financial assistance to the couple.^[40] However, official New York Bankruptcy Court records reportedly do not show Gabor as a victim.^[41]

Filmography [link]

Lovely to Look At (LeRoy, 1952)
We're Not Married (Goulding, 1952)
Moulin Rouge (Huston, 1952)
The Million Dollar Nickel (1952) (short subject)
The Story of Three Loves (Minnelli, 1953)
Lili (Walters, 1953)
L'ennemi public no.1 ("The Most Wanted Man") (Verneuil, 1953)
Sangre y luces ("Love in a Hot Climate") (Rouquier/Suey, 1954)
Ball der Nationen ("Ball of the Nations") (Ritter, 1954)
3 Ring Circus (Pevney, 1954)
Death of a Scoundrel (Martin, 1956)
The Girl in the Kremlin (Birdwell, 1957)
The Man Who Wouldn't Talk (Wilcox, 1958)
Country Music Holiday (Ganzer, 1958)
Touch of Evil (Welles, 1958) (as a "guest star")
Queen of Outer Space (Bernds, 1958)
For the First Time (Maté, 1959)
La contessa azzurra ("The Blue Countess") (Gora, 1960)
Pepe (Sidney, 1960) (Cameo)
Lykke og krone (Helander/Sælen, 1962) (documentary)
The Road to Hong Kong (Panama, 1962) (unbilled cameo)
Boys' Night Out (Gordon, 1962)
Picture Mommy Dead (Gordon, 1966)
Drop Dead Darling (1966)
Arrivederci, Baby! (Hughes, 1966)
Jack of Diamonds (Taylor, 1967) (cameo)
Up the Front (Kellett, 1972)
Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood (Winner, 1976)
Every Girl Should Have One (Hyatt, 1978)
Frankenstein's Great Aunt Tillie (Gold, 1984)
Charlie Barnett's Terms of Enrollment (1986)
Smart Alec (Wilson, 1986)
A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors (Russell, 1987) (cameo)
Johann Strauß: Der König ohne Krone ("Johann Strauss: The King Without a Crown") (Antel, 1987)
"The People vs. Zsa Zsa Gabor" (1991) (documentary)
The Naked Gun 2½: The Smell of Fear (Zucker, 1991) (cameo)
The Naked Truth (Mastorakis, 1992)
Est & Ouest: Les paradis perdus ("East & West: Paradises Lost") (Rival, 1993)
Happily Ever After (Blossom, 1993) (voice only)
The Beverly Hillbillies (Spheeris, 1993) (cameo)
A Very Brady Sequel (Sanford, 1996) (cameo)

Television [link]

Jukebox Jury, as musical judge (1953)
The Red Skelton Show (1955), as Movie Star
Climax! (1955), as Mme. Florizel, Princess Stephanie
The Milton Berle Show (1956)
Sneak Preview (1956)
The Ford Television Theatre (1956), as Dara Szabo
The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford (October 18, 1956), as Herself
General Electric Theater (1956–1961), as Gloria
Matinee Theatre (1956–1958), as Eugenia
The Life of Riley (1957), as Gigi
Playhouse 90 (1957), as Erika Segnitz, Marta Lorenz
The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, as Herself
Shower of Stars (1958)
Lux Playhouse (1959), as Helen
Queen of Outer Space (1959), with Eric Fleming
Ninotchka (1960)
Make Room for Daddy (1960), as Lisa Laslow
Mr. Ed (1962), as herself
The Dick Powell Show (1963), Girl
Burke's Law (1963–1964), as Anna, the Maid
Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre (1965), Pilot
Gilligan's Island (1965), as Erika Tiffany Smith
Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This? (1966), as The Queen of Hearts (voice)
The Rounders (1966), as Ilona Hobson in "The Scavenger Hunt"
F Troop (1966), as Marika
Bonanza (1967), as Madame Marova
My Three Sons (1968), as herself
Rowan and Martin's Laugh In (1968), as herself
The Name of the Game (1968), as Mira Retzyk
Batman (1968), as Minerva
Bracken's World (1969), Cameo
Mooch Goes to Hollywood (1971), as Narrator
Night Gallery (1971), as Mrs. Moore
Let's Make a Deal (1976) (playing for a home viewer)
3 Girls 3 (1977)
Supertrain 1 episode "A Very Formal Heist" (1979), as Audrey
The Love Boat (1980), as Annette
Hollywood, ich komme (1980), as Stargast
The Facts of Life (1981), as world-renowned beautician Countess Calvet
As the World Turns (cast member in 1981), as Lydia Marlowe
Matt Houston (1983)
California Girls (1985)
Charlie Barnett's Terms of Enrollment (1986)
Pee-wee's Playhouse Christmas Special (1988)
It's Garry Shandling's Show as goddess of commitment (1989)
The Munsters Today (1989) as herself
City (1990), as Babette Croquette
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1991), as Sonya Lamor
The Late Show with David Letterman (1994), as herself in a sketch

Plays [link]

Gabor appeared in several plays, most notably Forty Carats, on Broadway, and Blithe Spirit (as Elvira), in the national tour.

Bibliography [link]

Zsa Zsa Gabor, My Story By Zsa Zsa Gabor with Gerold Frank, The World Publishing Company, 1960.
How to Catch a Man, How to Keep a Man, and How to Get Rid of a Man, by Zsa Zsa Gabor, Doubleday, 1970.
One Lifetime Is Not Enough, by Zsa Zsa Gabor, assisted by and edited by Wendy Leigh, Delacorte Press, 1991. ISBN 0-385-29882-X
Gaborabilia, by Anthony Turtu and Donald F Reuter, Three Rivers Press, 2001. ISBN 0-609-80759-5

References [link]

^ Hischak, Thomas S. The Oxford Companion to the American Musical: Theatre, Film, and Television, New York: Oxford University Press, 2008, p.271
^ Barris, George. Barris Cars of the Stars, MBI Publishing (2008), p. 71
^ Huston, John. John Huton: Interviews, Univ. Press of Mississippi (2001) p. 11
^ "Love Hints from Zsa Zsa", Life magazine, Oct. 15, 1951, cover story
^ Zsa Zsa Gabor Film Reference biography
^ Gerold Frank, "Zsa Zsa Gabor", Films in Review, January 1961, page 48
^ Tom Lantos: the master storyteller, communicator
^ Vanity Fair article on Zsa Zsa Gabor
^ Bennetts, Leslie. "It's a Mad, Mad, Zsa Zsa World", Vanity Fair, September 6, 2007
^ ^a ^b Adams, Cindy. Jolie Gabor, Mason/Charter Publ. (1975) pgs. 135-49, 173
^ "Ghost", Life magazine, June 29, 1959, pgs. 129-39
^ Griffin, Merv. Merv: Making the Good Life Last, Simon & Schuster (2003), pg. 179
^ ^a ^b ^c http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/zsa-zsa-gabor-the-movie_1167774
^ ^a ^b ^c Gabor, Zsa Zsa; Frank, Gerold. Zsa Zsa Gabor: My Story, The World Publishing Company, 1960.
^ ^a ^b Feinberg, Alexander. "Bandit Gets $600,000 Gems in Raid on Penthouse Home: Mrs. Sari Hilton, Hotel Chain Owner's Wife, Reveals Hiding Place of Jewel Box After Intruder Threatens to Shoot Baby", The New York Times, October 5, 1947.
^ "Zsa Zsa Gabor Is Married Here to Corporation Head, The New York Times, November 6, 1962.
^ "Herbert L. Hutner, Arts Adviser, Is Dead at 99", The New York Times, December 19, 2008.
^ "Zsa Zsa Decides It's Time to Sell Beauty Formulas", The New York Times, January 29, 1969.
^ "Jack Ryan Dies at 65, Designer of Barbie Doll", The New York Times, August 21, 1991.
^ Gabor, Zsa Zsa; Leigh, Wendy. One Life is Not Enough (Delacorte Press, 1991), p.311.
^ Current Biography Yearbook (H. W. Wilson Company, 1989), p.177.
^ ^a ^b http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001248/bio
^ "Xenophobe's guide to the Hungarians". Ovalbooks.com. http://www.ovalbooks.com/xeno/Hungarians.html. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Bennetts, Leslie (September 6, 2007). "It's a Mad, Mad, Zsa Zsa World". Vanity Fair. p. 2. http://www.vanityfair.com/culture/features/2007/10/zsazsa200710?currentPage=2. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
^ "Elvis Presley's old home owned by Zsa Zsa Gabor on market for $28 million". Telegraph. January 20, 2011.
^ "The battle over Zsa Zsa Gabor's mansion". Guardian. June 2011
^ "Gabor dispute heads to courtroom", BBC, June 4, 2005.
^ "Zsa Zsa says daughter stole $2m"
^ Report on Zsa Zsa Gabor's health
^ "Zsa Zsa Gabor hip surgery successful, her husband says". Los Angeles Times. July 19, 2010. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/gossip/2010/07/zsa-zsa-gabor-hip-replacement-surgery.html. Retrieved July 19, 2010.
^ Oldenburg, Ann (July 18, 2010). "Zsa Zsa Gabor hospitalized". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/entertainment/post/2010/07/zsa-zsa-gabor-hospitalized/1. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
^ "UCLA statement on Zsa Zsa Gabor’s condition following today's surgery". UCLA Health Sciences Media Relations. http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/ucla-statement-on-zsa-zsa-gabor-190931.aspx?link_page_rss=190931. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
^ "Actress Zsa Zsa Gabor rushed to hospital again". CNN. May 18, 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/Movies/05/18/gabor.hospitalized/index.html?hpt=T2. Retrieved May 18, 2011.
^ "Zsa Zsa Gabor is unresponsive, hospitalized, husband says". CNN. May 19, 2011. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SHOWBIZ/celebrity.news.gossip/05/18/zsa.zsa.gabor.health/index.html?hpt=T2. Retrieved May 19, 2011.
^ Update re Zsa Zsa Gabor's health, October 9, 2010
^ Mugshots.net Retrieved on April 18, 2007
^ Pool, Bob. $3.3-Million Libel Award in Sommer-Gabor Feud, Los Angeles Times, December 9, 1993. Accessed January 15, 2011
^ CNBC report on financial losses due to Bernie Madoff
^ "Gabor's Husband Says They Lost $10 Million Due to Madoff", The Times Online, January 26, 2009.
^ "Sein Adoptivsohn hilft ihm aus der Patsche" Freizeitwoche, February 18, 2009 (German)
^ "Madoff Affidavit Exhibits" (PDF). Wall Street Journal. March 2009. http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/madoffclientlist020409.pdf. Retrieved January 12, 2011.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Zsa Zsa Gabor

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Zsa Zsa Gabor

Zsa Zsa Gabor at the Internet Movie Database
Zsa Zsa Gabor at the TCM Movie Database
Gabor family's website
Zsa Zsa Gabor in Her Heyday – slideshow by Life magazine
Video: Zsa Zsa Gabor being roasted by comedian Corbett Monica, Dean Martin Show, circa 1980

Persondata
Name	Gabor, Zsa Zsa
Alternative names	Gábor Sári (birthname)
Short description	Hungarian-American actress and socialite
Date of birth	February 6, 1917
Place of birth	Budapest, Austria-Hungary (present-day Budapest, Hungary)
Date of death
Place of death

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George Burns
Portrait by Allan Warren, 1986
Born	Naftaly Birnbaum (1896-01-20)January 20, 1896 New York, New York, U.S
Died	March 9, 1996(1996-03-09) (aged 100) Beverly Hills, California, U.S.
Cause of death	Cardiac Arrest
Resting place	Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California
Nationality	American
Other names	Nattie
Occupation	Actor, comedian, writer
Years active	1902–1996
Spouse	Gracie Allen (1926–1964; her death)
Children	2
Parents	Louis Birnbaum, Dorah (nèe Bluth)
Website
georgeburns.com

George Burns (January 20, 1896 – March 9, 1996), born Naftaly Birnbaum, was an American comedian, actor, and writer.

He was one of the few entertainers whose career successfully spanned vaudeville, film, radio, and television. His arched eyebrow and cigar smoke punctuation became familiar trademarks for over three quarters of a century. Beginning at the age of 79, Burns' career was resurrected as an amiable, beloved and unusually active old comedian, continuing to work until shortly before his death, in 1996, at the age of 100.

Early life [link]

Naftaly (late called Nathan) Birnbaum was the ninth of 12 children born to Louis and Dorah (nèe Bluth) Birnbaum, Jewish immigrants who had come to the United States from Romania.^[1] Burns was an active member of the First Roumanian-American congregation.^[2] His father was a substitute cantor at the local synagogue but usually worked as a coat presser. During the influenza epidemic of 1903, Lippe Birnbaum contracted the flu and died at the age of 47. Nattie (as he was then called) went to work to help support the family, shining shoes, running errands, and selling newspapers.

When he landed a job as a syrup maker in a local candy shop at age seven, he was "discovered," as he recalled long after:

“

We were all about the same age, six and seven, and when we were bored making syrup, we used to practice singing harmony in the basement. One day our letter carrier came down to the basement. His name was Lou Farley. Feingold was his real name, but he changed it to Farley. He wanted the whole world to sing harmony. He came down to the basement once to deliver a letter and heard the four of us kids singing harmony. He liked our style, so we sang a couple more songs for him. Then we looked up at the head of the stairs and saw three or four people listening to us and smiling. In fact, they threw down a couple of pennies. So I said to the kids I was working with, 'no more chocolate syrup. It's show business from now on'.

We called ourselves the Pee-Wee Quartet. We started out singing on ferryboats, in saloons, in brothels, and on street corners. We'd put our hats down for donations. Sometimes the customers threw something in the hats. Sometimes they took something out of the hats. Sometimes they took the hats.^[3]

”

Burns quit school in the fourth grade to go into show business full-time. Like many performers of his generation, he tried practically anything he could to entertain, including working with a trained seal, trick roller skating, teaching dance, singing, and adagio dancing in small-time vaudeville. During these years, he began smoking cigars and later in his older years was characteristically known as doing shows and puffing on his cigar.^[4] He adopted the stage name by which he would be known for the rest of his life. He claimed in a few interviews that the idea of the name originated from the fact that two star major league players (George H. Burns and George J. Burns, unrelated) were playing major league baseball at the time. Both men achieved over 2000 major league hits and hold some major league records. Burns also was reported to have taken the name George from his brother Izzy (who hated his own name so he changed it to "George"), and the Burns from the Burns Brothers Coal Company (he used to steal coal from their truck)^[5].

He normally partnered with a girl, sometimes in an adagio dance routine, sometimes comic patter. Though he had an apparent flair for comedy, he never quite clicked with any of his partners, until he met a young Irish Catholic lady in 1923. "And all of a sudden," he said famously in later years "the audience realized I had a talent. They were right. I did have a talent—and I was married to her for 38 years."

Gracie Allen [link]

Main article: Gracie Allen

File:Burns&Allen1938.jpg

George Burns, Gracie Allen and children aboard Matson flagship Lurline just before they sailed for Hawaii, 1938

Grace Ethel Cecile Rosalie Allen was born into an Irish Catholic show business family and educated at Star of the Sea Convent School in San Francisco, California in girlhood. She began in vaudeville around 1909, teamed as an Irish-dance act, "The Four Colleens", with her sisters, Bessie, Hazel, and Pearl.

She met George Burns and the two immediately launched a new partnership, with Gracie playing the role of the "straight man" and George delivering the punchlines as the comedian. Burns knew something was wrong when the audience ignored his jokes but snickered at Gracie's questions. Burns cannily flipped the act around: After a Hoboken, New Jersey performance in which they tested the new style for the first time, Burns' hunch proved right. Gracie was the better "laugh-getter," especially with the "illogical logic" that formed her responses to Burns' prompting comments or questions.

Allen's part was known in vaudeville as a "Dumb Dora" act, named after a very early film of the same name that featured a scatterbrained female protagonist, but her "illogical logic" style was several cuts above the Dumb Dora stereotype developed by American cartoonist Chic Young, as was Burns' understated straight man. The twosome worked the new style tirelessly on the road, building a following, as well as a reputation for being a reliable "disappointment act" (one that could fill in for another act on short notice). Burns and Allen were so consistently dependable that vaudeville bookers elevated them to the more secure "standard act" status, and finally to the vaudevillian's dream: the Palace Theatre in New York.

Burns wrote their early scripts, but was rarely credited with being such a brilliant comedy writer. He continued to write the act through vaudeville, films, radio, and, finally, television, first by himself, then with his brother Willie and a team of writers. The entire concept of the Burns and Allen characters, however, was one created and developed by Burns.

As the team toured in vaudeville, Burns found himself falling in love with Allen, who was engaged to another performer at the time, Benny Ryan. After several attempts to win her over, he finally succeeded (by accident) after making her cry at a Christmas party. She told a friend that "if George meant enough to her to make her cry she must be in love with him".

They were married in Cleveland, Ohio on January 7, 1926, somewhat daring for those times, considering Burns' Jewish and Allen's Irish Catholic upbringing.^[6] They adopted their daughter, Sandra, in 1934 and son, Ronnie, in 1935. (For her part, Allen also endeared herself to her in-laws by adopting his mother's favorite phrase, used whenever the older woman needed to bring her son back down to earth: "Nattie, you're such a schmuck," using a diminutive of his given name. When Burns' mother died, Allen comforted her grief-stricken husband with the same phrase.)

In later years Burns admitted that, following an argument over a pricey silver table centerpiece Allen wanted, he had a very brief affair with a Las Vegas showgirl. Stricken by guilt, he phoned one of his best friends, Jack Benny, and told him about the indiscretion. However, Allen overheard the conversation and Burns quietly bought the expensive centerpiece and nothing more was said. Years later, he discovered that Allen had told one of her friends about the episode finishing with "You know, I really wish George would cheat on me again. I could use a new centerpiece."

After fighting a long battle with heart disease, Gracie Allen suffered a fatal heart attack in her home on August 27, 1964 at the age of 69. She was entombed in a mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery. In his second book, They Still Love Me in Altoona, Burns wrote that he found it impossible to sleep after her death until he decided to sleep in the bed she used during her illness. He also visited her grave once a month, professing to talk to her about whatever he was doing at the time — including, he said, trying to decide whether he really should accept the Sunshine Boys role Jack Benny had to abandon because of his own failing health. He visited the tomb with Ed Bradley during a 60 Minutes interview on November 6, 1988.

Stage to screen [link]

Getting a start in motion pictures with a series of comic short films, their feature credits in the mid- to late-1930s included The Big Broadcast; International House (1933), Six of a Kind (1934), The Big Broadcast of 1936, The Big Broadcast of 1937, A Damsel in Distress (1937) in which they danced step for step with Fred Astaire, and College Swing (1938), in which Bob Hope made one of his early film appearances.

Burns and Allen were indirectly responsible for the Bob Hope and Bing Crosby series of "Road" pictures. In 1938, William LeBaron, producer and managing director at Paramount, had a script prepared by Don Hartman and Frank Butler. It was to star Burns and Allen with Bing Crosby, who was then already an established star of radio, recordings and the movies. The story did not seem to fit the comedy team's style, so LeBaron ordered Hartman and Butler to rewrite the script to fit two male co-stars: Hope and Crosby. The script was titled Road to Singapore and it made motion picture history when it was released in 1940.

Radio stars [link]

Burns and Allen first made it to radio as the comedy relief for bandleader Guy Lombardo, which did not always sit well with Lombardo's home audience. In his later memoir, The Third Time Around, Burns revealed a college fraternity's protest letter, complaining that they resented their weekly dance parties with their girl friends to "Thirty Minutes of the Sweetest Music This Side of Heaven" had to be broken into by the droll vaudeville team.

In time, though, Burns and Allen found their own show and radio audience, first airing on February 15, 1932 and concentrating on their classic stage routines plus sketch comedy in which the Burns and Allen style was woven into different little scenes, not unlike the short films they made in Hollywood. They were also good for a clever publicity stunt, none more so than the hunt for Gracie's missing brother, a hunt that included Gracie turning up on other radio shows searching for him as well.

The couple was portrayed at first as younger singles, with Allen the object of both Burns' and other cast members' affections. Most notably, bandleaders Ray Noble (known for his phrase, "Gracie, this is the first time we've ever been alone") and Artie Shaw played "love" interests to Gracie. In addition, singer Tony Martin played an unwilling love interest of Gracie's, in which Gracie "sexually harassed" him, by threatening to fire him if the romantic interest wasn't returned. In time, however, due to slipping ratings and the difficulty of being portrayed as singles in light of the audience's close familiarity with their real-life marriage, the show adapted in the fall of 1941 to present them as the married couple they actually were. For a time, Burns and Allen had a rather distinguished and popular musical director: Artie Shaw, who also appeared as a character in some of the show's sketches. A somewhat different Gracie also marked this era, as the Gracie character could often be found to be mean to George.

George Your mother cut my face out of the picture.
Gracie Oh, George, you're being sensitive.
George I am not! Look at my face! What happened to it?
Gracie I don't know. It looks like you fell on it.

Census Taker What do you make?
Gracie I make cookies and aprons and knit sweaters.
Census Taker No, I mean what do you earn?
Gracie George's salary.

As this format grew stale over the years, Burns and his fellow writers redeveloped the show as a situation comedy in the fall of 1941. The reformat focused on the couple's married life and life among various friends, including Elvia Allman as "Tootsie Sagwell," a man-hungry spinster in love with Bill Goodwin, and neighbors, until the characters of Harry and Blanche Morton entered the picture to stay. Like The Jack Benny Program, the new George Burns & Gracie Allen Show portrayed George and Gracie as entertainers with their own weekly radio show. Goodwin remained, his character as "girl-crazy" as ever, and the music was now handled by Meredith Willson (later to be better known for composing the Broadway musical The Music Man). Willson also played himself on the show as a naive, friendly, girl-shy fellow. The new format's success made it one of the few classic radio comedies to completely re-invent itself and regain major fame.

Supporting players [link]

The supporting cast during this phase included Mel Blanc as the melancholy, ironically named "Happy Postman" (his catchphrase was "Remember, keep smiling!"); Bea Benaderet (later Cousin Pearl in The Beverly Hillbillies, Kate Bradley in Petticoat Junction and the voice of Betty Rubble in The Flintstones) and Hal March (later more famous as the host of The $64,000 Question) as neighbors Blanche and Harry Morton; and the various members of Gracie's ladies' club, the Beverly Hills Uplift Society. One running gag during this period, stretching into the television era, was Burns' questionable singing voice, as Gracie lovingly referred to her husband as "Sugar Throat." The show received and maintained a Top 10 rating for the rest of its radio life.

New network [link]

In the fall of 1949, after twelve years at NBC, the couple took the show back to its original network CBS, where they had risen to fame from 1932 – 1937. Their good friend Jack Benny reached a negotiating impasse with NBC over the corporation he set up ("Amusement Enterprises") to package his show, the better to put more of his earnings on a capital-gains basis and avoid the 80 percent taxes slapped on very high earners in the World War II period. When CBS executive William S. Paley convinced Benny to move to CBS (Paley, among other things, impressed Benny with his attitude that the performers make the network, not the other way around as NBC chief David Sarnoff reputedly believed), Benny in turn convinced several NBC stars to join him, including Burns and Allen. Thus did CBS reap the benefits when Burns and Allen moved to television in 1950.

Television [link]

George Burns and Gracie Allen, 1955.

On television, The George Burns & Gracie Allen Show put faces to the radio characters audiences had come to love. A number of significant changes were seen in the show:

A parade of actors portrayed Harry Morton: Hal March, The Life Of Riley alumnus John Brown, veteran movie and television character actor Fred Clark, and future Mister Ed co-star Larry Keating.
Burns often broke the fourth wall, and chatted with the home audience, telling understated jokes and commenting wryly about what show characters were doing or undoing. In later shows, he would actually turn on a television and watch what the other characters were up to when he was off camera, then returned to foil the plot.
When announcer Bill Goodwin left after the first season, Burns hired veteran radio announcer Harry Von Zell to succeed him. Von Zell was cast as the good-natured, easily-confused Burns and Allen announcer and buddy. He also became one of the show's running gags, when his involvement in Gracie's harebrained ideas would get him fired at least once a week by Burns.
The first shows were simply a copy of the radio format, complete with lengthy and integrated commercials for sponsor Carnation Evaporated Milk by Goodwin. However, what worked well on radio appeared forced and plodding on television. The show was changed into the now-standard situation comedy format, with the commercials distinct from the plot.
Midway through the run of the television show the Burns' two children, Sandra and Ronald, began to make appearances: Sandy in an occasional voice-over or brief on-air part (often as a telephone operator), and Ronnie in various small roles throughout the 4th and 5th season. Ronnie joined the regular cast in season 6. Typical of the blurred line between reality and fiction in the show, Ronnie played George and Gracie's on-air son, showing up in the second episode of season 6 ("Ronnie Arrives") with no explanation offered as to where he had been for the past 5 years of the show. Originally his character was an aspiring dramatic actor who held his parents' comedy style in befuddled contempt and deemed it unsuitable to the "serious" drama student. When the show's characters moved back to California in season 7 after spending the prior year in New York City, Ronnie's character dropped all apparent acting aspirations and instead enrolled in USC, becoming an inveterate girl chaser.

Burns and Allen also took a cue from Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz's Desilu Productions and formed a company of their own, McCadden Corporation (named after the street on which Burns' brother lived), headquartered on the General Service Studio lot in the heart of Hollywood, and set up to film television shows and commercials. Besides their own hit show (which made the transition from a bi-weekly live series to a weekly filmed version in the fall of 1952), the couple's company produced such television series as The Bob Cummings Show (subsequently syndicated and rerun as Love That Bob); The People's Choice, starring Jackie Cooper; Mona McCluskey, starring Juliet Prowse; and Mister Ed, starring Alan Young and a talented "talking" horse. Several of their good friend Jack Benny's 1953-55 filmed episodes were also produced by McCadden for CBS.

[edit] The George Burns Show

The George Burns & Gracie Allen Show ran on CBS Television from 1950 through 1958, when Burns at last consented to Allen's retirement. The onset of heart trouble in the early 1950s had left her exhausted from full-time work and she had been anxious to stop but couldn't say no to Burns.

Burns attempted to continue the show (for new sponsor Colgate-Palmolive on NBC), but without Allen to provide the classic Gracie-isms, the show expired after a year.

[edit] Wendy and Me

Burns subsequently created Wendy and Me, a situation comedy in which he co-starred with Connie Stevens, Ron Harper, and J. Pat O'Malley. Burns acted primarily as the narrator, and secondarily as the advisor to Stevens' Gracie-like character. The first episode involved the middle-aged Burns watching with amusement the activities of his young upstairs neighbor on his television set, just as he would watch the Burns and Allen television show while it was unfolding to get a jump on what Gracie was up to in its final two seasons. Again as in the Burns and Allen television show, George frequently broke the fourth wall by commenting directly to viewers. The series only lasted a year. In a promotion, Burns had joked that "Connie Stevens plays Wendy, and I play 'me'."

[edit] The Sunshine Boys

After Gracie's death George immersed himself in work. McCadden Productions co-produced the television series No Time for Sergeants, based on the hit Broadway play; George also produced Juliet Prowse's 1965-'66 NBC situation comedy, Mona McCluskey. At the same time, he toured the U.S. playing nightclub and theater engagements with such diverse partners as Carol Channing, Dorothy Provine, Jane Russell, Connie Haines, and Berle Davis. He also performed a series of solo concerts, playing university campuses, New York's Philharmonic Hall and winding up a successful season at Carnegie Hall, where he wowed a capacity audience with his show-stopping songs, dances, and jokes.

In 1974, Jack Benny signed to play one of the lead roles in the film version of Neil Simon's The Sunshine Boys (Red Skelton was originally the other, but he objected to some of the script's language). Benny's health had begun to fail, however, and he advised his manager Irving Fein to let longtime friend Burns fill in for him on a series of nightclub dates to which Benny had committed around the U.S.

Burns, who enjoyed working, accepted the job. As he recalled years later:

"The happiest people I know are the ones that are still working. The saddest are the ones who are retired. Very few performers retire on their own. It's usually because no one wants them. Six years ago Sinatra announced his retirement. He's still working."^[3]

Ill health prevented Benny from working on The Sunshine Boys; he died of pancreatic cancer on December 26, 1974. Burns, heartbroken, said that the only time he ever wept in his life other than Gracie's death was when Benny died. He was chosen to give one of the eulogies at the funeral and said, "Jack was someone special to all of you but he was so special to me...I cannot imagine my life without Jack Benny and I will miss him so very much."^[7] Burns then broke down and had to be helped to his seat. People who knew George said that he never could really come to terms with his beloved friend's death.

Burns replaced Benny in the film as well as the club tour, a move that turned out to be one of the biggest breaks of his career; his wise performance as faded vaudevillian Al Lewis earned him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and secured his career resurgence for good. At the age of 80, Burns was the oldest Oscar winner in the history of the Academy Awards, a record that would remain until Jessica Tandy won an Oscar for Driving Miss Daisy in 1989.

[edit] Oh, God!

In 1977, Burns made another hit film, Oh, God!, playing the omnipotent title role opposite singer John Denver as an earnest but befuddled supermarket manager, whom God picks at random to revive His message. The image of Burns in a sailor's cap and light springtime jacket as the droll Almighty influenced his subsequent comedic work, as well as that of other comedians. At a celebrity roast in his honor, Dean Martin adapted a Burns crack: "When George was growing up, the Top Ten were the Ten Commandments." Teri Garr costarred as Denver's wife.

Burns appeared in this character along with Vanessa Williams on the September 1984 cover of Penthouse magazine, the issue which contained the infamous nude photos of Williams, as well as the first appearance of underage pornographic film star Nora Kuzma, better known to the world as Traci Lords. A blurb on the cover even announced "Oh God, she's nude!"

Oh, God! inspired two sequels Oh, God! Book II (in which the Almighty engages a precocious schoolgirl (Louanne Sirota) to spread the word) and Oh, God! You Devil—in which Burns played a dual role as God and the Devil, with the soul of a would-be songwriter (Ted Wass) at stake.

Burns also provided the voice of God in John Denver's TV special Montana Christmas Skies.

Later films [link]

After guest starring on The Muppet Show, Burns appeared in Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, the film based on the Beatles' album of the same name.

Burns did a movie with Art Carney and Lee Strasberg in 1979 called Going in Style.

Burns continued to work well into his nineties, writing a number of books and appearing in television and films. One of his last films was 18 Again!, based on his half-novelty, country music based hit single, "I Wish I Was 18 Again." In this film, he played a self-made millionaire industrialist who switched bodies with his awkward, artistic, eighteen-year-old grandson (played by Charlie Schlatter).

His last feature film role was the cameo role of Milt Lackey, a 100 year old stand-up comedian, in the comedy mystery Radioland Murders.

Author [link]

Burns was a bestselling author who wrote a total of 10 books:

Burns, George; Hobart Lindsay, Cynthia (1955). I Love Her, That's Why. Simon and Schuster.
Burns, George (1976). Living it up: Or, They Still Love Me in Altoona!. Putnam. ISBN 978-0-399-11636-0.
Burns, George (1980). The Third Time Around. Putnam. ISBN 978-0-399-12169-2.
Burns, George (1983). How To Live To Be 100 - Or More - The Ultimate Diet, Sex and Exercise Book. Robson Books. ISBN 978-0-399-12939-1.
Burns, George (1984). Dr. Burns' Prescription for Happiness: Buy Two Books and Call Me in the Morning. Putnam.
Burns, George (1985). Dear George. Putnam.
Burns, George (1988). Gracie : A Love Story. Putnam. ISBN 0-399-13384-4.
Burns, George; Fisher, David (1989). All My Best Friends. Putnam. ISBN 0-399-13483-2.
Burns, George; Goldman, Hal (1991). Wisdom of the 90's. Putnam.
Burns, George (1996). 100 Years 100 Stories. Putnam. ISBN 978-0-399-14179-9.

Final years [link]

George Burns in 1987, by Allan Warren

When Burns turned 90 in 1986, the city of Los Angeles, California renamed the northern end of Hamel Road "George Burns Road."^[8] City regulations prohibited naming a city street after a living person, but an exception was made for Burns. In celebration of Burns' 99th birthday in January 1995, Los Angeles, California renamed the eastern end of Alden Drive "Gracie Allen Drive." Burns was present at the unveiling ceremony (one of his last public appearances) where he quipped, "It's good to be here at the corner of Burns & Allen. At my age, it's good to be anywhere!"^[8] George Burns Road and Gracie Allen Drive cross just a few blocks west of the Beverly Center mall in the heart of the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.

Burns continued to remain active and energetic into his 90s. Usual patter in his nightclub routine poked humor at his age. Burns would say, "I was born when Grover Cleveland was President." The girl replied, "I know him—he managed a baseball team." Burns would say, "I will now sing a modern patriotic song," singing, "I'll be waitin' for you Bill when you get back from San Juan Hill; because Bill McKinley sent you on your way." By this time, President McKinley, President Cleveland and the Spanish-American War were merely something his audience read in history books. Another favorite line of his was to say "When I was young, they called me a rebel. When I was middle-aged, they called me eccentric. Now that I'm old, I'm doing the same thing I've always done and they call me senile."

Burns' stage persona in his final phase of professional life was that of a lecherous old man, which became a running gag for the rest of his career. In 1988, he received the Kennedy Center Honors and had booked himself to play the London Palladium and Caesars Palace for his 100th birthday, even joking that "I can't die, I'm booked".

In 1990 Mr. Burns appeared at a fundraiser at the Meyerhoff Symphony Hall in Baltimore with Eartha Kitt and impressionist Jimmy James. He quipped to Scott Sherman, agent from the Atlantic Entertainment Group; "I was here in 1945...they liked me so much they decided to have me back.."

Burns suffered a head injury after falling in his bathtub in July 1994 and never fully recovered from it. He had to undergo an operation to remove fluid in his skull and all performances celebrating his 100th birthday were canceled. In January 1995, where he turned 99, Burns made one of his final public appearances at the unveiling of a street named in his honor, and in December of that year, Burns was well enough to attend a Christmas party hosted by Frank Sinatra, where he reportedly caught the flu, which weakened him further. On January 20, 1996, he celebrated his 100th birthday, but was too weak to perform or even attend a birthday party taking place that night and instead spent the evening at home. He did release a statement joking how he would love for his 100th birthday to be "a night with Sharon Stone."

On March 9, 1996, 49 days after his centenary, Burns died in his Beverly Hills home of cardiac arrest. His funeral was held three days later at the Wee Kirk o' the Heather church in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery, Glendale. Burns was buried in his best dark blue suit, light blue shirt and red tie, along with three cigars in his coat pocket, his toupee, the wristwatch that Gracie had given him, and his wedding ring. In his pocket were his house keys and his wallet with $1,008 in cash (ten $100 bills, a five and three ones).^[9]

As much as he looked forward to reaching the age of 100, Burns also stated, about a year before he died, that he also looked forward to death, saying that on the day he would die, he would be with Gracie again in heaven. Upon being interred with Gracie, the crypt's marker was changed to, "Gracie Allen & George Burns—Together Again." George had said that he wanted Gracie to have top billing.

Legacy [link]

File:Burns.JPG

The handprints of George Burns in front of The Great Movie Ride at Walt Disney World's Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park.

Burns is the subject of Rupert Holmes' one-actor play Say Goodnight Gracie. It played Broadway during the 2002-03 season with Frank Gorshin (Gorshin died in 2005), and continues to tour North America with Alan Safier as George Burns.
In the movie Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home, the two humpback whales are named George and Gracie after Burns and Allen.
Hooters restaurants had signs which, prior to George's death, read, "We even card George Burns;" following his death, they were changed to say, "We even carded George Burns."
The Simpsons referenced Burns in the Season 5 episode titled "Rosebud". In the show, Burns is the younger brother of Montgomery Burns. The character of Mr. Burns, as a child, leaves his family to live with a rich man (who is actually his paternal grandfather). His father makes the comment, "Oh well. At least we still have his little brother George." The camera flashes to a young George Burns, who sings a line in his style and then says, "Trust me, it'll be funny when I'm an old man."
In an episode of Boy Meets World, Corey Mathews claims an old educational puberty film starred George Burns.
In the film For the Boys, the characters played by Bette Midler and James Caan talk about how their comedy act will be "bigger than Burns and Allen, bigger than Hope and Crosby".
In an episode of Mad About You, Paul Reiser's character is working on a documentary on the history of television. In one scene he is reviewing classic television shows, and the viewer can hear Gracie saying, "Well, if we were married they'd call me Mrs. Burns."
In Eminem's duel rap song "Guilty Conscience", there is a reference to George Burns: "Think about it before you walk in the door; First, look at the store clerk. she's older than George Burns!"
In a Far Side cartoon, a futuristic city is shown with flying cars and a theater billboard stating, "TONIGHT ONLY, GEORGE BURNS."
In The X-Files Season 2, Episode 19: "Dod Kalm" Mulder says he looks like George Burns as he rapidly ages.
In the animated movie South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut, Kenny encounters George Burns while falling through the fiery vortexes of hell who asks him, "Hey fuckface, have you seen Gracie?".

Filmography [link]

Features

The Big Broadcast (1932)
International House (1933)
College Humor (1933)
Six of a Kind (1934)
We're Not Dressing (1934)
Many Happy Returns (1934)
Love in Bloom (1935)
Here Comes Cookie (1935)
The Big Broadcast of 1936 (1935)
College Holiday (1936)
A Damsel in Distress (1937)
College Swing (1938)
Honolulu (1939)
The Solid Gold Cadillac (1956) (narrator)
The Sunshine Boys (1975)
Oh, God! (1977)
Movie Movie (1978)
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1978)
Just You and Me, Kid (1979)
Going in Style (1979)
Oh, God! Book II (1980)
Oh, God! You Devil (1984)
18 Again! (1988)
A Century of Cinema (1994) (documentary)
Radioland Murders (1994)

Short Subjects

Lambchops (1929)
Fit to Be Tied (1930)
Pulling a Bone (1931)
The Antique Shop (1931)
Once Over, Light (1931)
100% Service (1931)
Oh, My Operation (1932)
The Babbling Book (1932)
Your Hat (1932)
Let's Dance (1933)
Hollywood on Parade No. A-9 (1933)
Walking the Baby (1933)
Screen Snapshots: Famous Fathers and Sons (1946)
Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Grows Up (1954)
Screen Snapshots: Hollywood Beauty (1955)
All About People (1967) (narrator)
A Look at the World of Soylent Green (1973)
The Lion Roars Again (1975)

Discography [link]

Albums [link]

Year	Album	Chart Positions		Label
Year	Album	US Country	US	Label
1980	I Wish I Was Eighteen Again	12	93	Mercury

Singles [link]

Year	Single	Chart Positions					Album
Year	Single	US Country	US	CAN Country	CAN	CAN AC	Album
1980	"I Wish I Was Eighteen Again"	15	49	8	25	19	I Wish I Was Eighteen Again
1980	"The Arizona Whiz"	85	—	—	—	—	I Wish I Was Eighteen Again
1981	"Willie, Won't You Sing a Song with Me"	66	—	—	—	—	Single only

Radio series [link]

The Robert Burns Panatella Show 1932–1933; CBS

In their debut series, George and Gracie shared the bill with Guy Lombardo and his orchestra. The pair launched themselves into national stardom with their first major publicity stunt, Gracie's ongoing search for her missing brother.

The White Owl Program 1933–1934; CBS
The Adventures of Gracie 1934–1935; CBS
The Campbell's Tomato Juice Program 1935–1937; CBS
The Grape Nuts Program 1937–1938; NBC
The Chesterfield Program 1938–1939; CBS
The Hinds Honey and Almond Cream Program 1939–1940; CBS

This series featured another wildly successful publicity stunt which had Gracie running for President of the United States.

The Hormel Program 1940–1941; NBC

Advertised a brand new product called Spam;^[10] this show featured musical numbers by jazz great Artie Shaw.

The Swan Soap Show 1941–1945; NBC, CBS

This series featured a radical format change, in that George and Gracie played themselves as a married couple for the first time, and the show became a full-fledged domestic situation comedy. This was George's response to a marked drop in ratings under the old "Flirtation Act" format (as he later recalled, he finally realized "our jokes are too young for us").

Maxwell House Coffee Time 1945–1949; NBC
The Amm-i-Dent Toothpaste Show 1949–1950; CBS

TV series [link]

The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show 1950–1958; CBS

Broadcast live every other week for the first two seasons, 26 episodes per year. Starting in the third season, all episodes were filmed and broadcast weekly, 40 episodes per year. A total of 291 episodes were created.

The George Burns Show 1958–1959; NBC

An unsuccessful attempt to continue the format of The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show without Gracie, the rest of the cast intact.

Wendy and Me 1964–1965; NBC

George plays narrator in this short-lived series, just as he had in The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, but with far less on-screen time, as the focus is on a young couple played by Connie Stevens and Ron Harper. Stevens is, essentially, playing a version of Gracie's character.

George Burns Comedy Week 1985; CBS

Another short-lived series, a weekly comedy anthology program whose only connecting thread was George's presence as host. He does not appear in any of the actual storylines. He was 89 years old when the series was produced.

References [link]

^ "Happy birthday George Burns, child of Rivington Street". liquida.com. http://www.liquida.com/page/3515059/. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
^ Lueck, Thomas J. (24 January 2006). "Downtown Congregation Vows to Repair Roof or Build Anew". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/24/nyregion/24synagogue.html?pagewanted=print. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
^ ^a ^b Marx, Arthur. "Ninety-eight-year-old George Burns Shares Memories of His Life". Cigar Aficionado. http://www.cigaraficionado.com/Cigar/CA_Profiles/People_Profile/0,2540,3,00.html. Retrieved 2007-08-21. "Comedian George Burns is not only a living legend, he's living proof that smoking between 10 and 15 cigars a day for 70 years contributes to one's longevity."
^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3c-WBn5cCg
^ Lawrence J. Epstein (2011). George Burns: An American Life. McFarland. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-7864-5849-3. OCLC 714086527. http://books.google.com/books?id=Ri7yKfBcKGAC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18.
^ Burns, George (November 1988). Gracie: A Love Story. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 64–65. ISBN 0-399-13384-4. http://www.adherents.com/people/pb/Jack_Benny.html.
^ "'Well!' Jack Would Have Said at the Turnout of the Stars". People (people.com). 13 March 1975. http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20064849,00.html. Retrieved 2012-02-27.
^ ^a ^b "The Corner of Burns & Allen". Seeing-Stars.com. http://www.seeing-stars.com/Immortalized/Burns&Allen.shtml. Retrieved 2012-02-28.
^ "George Burns, Straight Man And Ageless Wit, Dies at 100". New York Times. March 10, 1996.
^ "George Burns and Gracie Allen Spam Advertisement". Woman's Day. Gallery of Graphic Design. 1 November 1940. http://graphic-design.tjs-labs.com/gallery-view?keyword=GEORGE%25BURNS&product=SPAM&interop=AND. Retrieved 2012-02-28.

External links [link]

Biography portal

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: George Burns

Official George Burns website
George Burns at the Internet Movie Database
George Burns at the Internet Broadway Database
George Burns at AllRovi

Home of George Burns & Gracie Allen-Radio Television Mirror-December 1940 (page 17)

v t e Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (1961–1980)

George Chakiris (1961) Ed Begley (1962) Melvyn Douglas (1963) Peter Ustinov (1964) Martin Balsam (1965) Walter Matthau (1966) George Kennedy (1967) Jack Albertson (1968) Gig Young (1969) John Mills (1970) Ben Johnson (1971) Joel Grey (1972) John Houseman (1973) Robert De Niro (1974) George Burns (1975) Jason Robards (1976) Jason Robards (1977) Christopher Walken (1978) Melvyn Douglas (1979) Timothy Hutton (1980)

Complete list (1936–1940) (1941–1960) (1961–1980) (1981–2000) (2001–2020)

v t e Saturn Award for Best Actor (1974–1990)

James Caan/Don Johnson (1974/75) David Bowie (1976) George Burns (1977) Warren Beatty (1978) George Hamilton (1979) Mark Hamill (1980) Harrison Ford (1981) William Shatner (1982) Mark Hamill (1983) Jeff Bridges (1984) Michael J. Fox (1985) Jeff Goldblum (1986) Jack Nicholson (1987) Tom Hanks (1988) Jeff Daniels (1989/90)

Complete list (1974–1990) (1991–2010) (2011–present)

v t e Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award (1980–1999)

1980: Leon Ames 1982: Danny Kaye 1983: Ralph Bellamy 1984: Ignatius Wolfington 1985: Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward 1986: Nanette Fabray 1987: Red Skelton 1988: Gene Kelly 1989: Jack Lemmon 1990: Brock Peters 1991: Burt Lancaster 1992: Audrey Hepburn 1993: Ricardo Montalbán 1994: George Burns 1995: Robert Redford 1996: Angela Lansbury 1997: Elizabeth Taylor 1998: Kirk Douglas 1999: Sidney Poitier

Complete list (1960–1979) (1980–1999) (2000–2019)

v t e Kennedy Center Honorees (1980s)

1980	Leonard Bernstein James Cagney Agnes de Mille Lynn Fontanne Leontyne Price

1981	Count Basie Cary Grant Helen Hayes Jerome Robbins Rudolf Serkin

1982	George Abbott Lillian Gish Benny Goodman Gene Kelly Eugene Ormandy

1983	Katherine Dunham Elia Kazan Frank Sinatra James Stewart Virgil Thomson

1984	Lena Horne Danny Kaye Gian Carlo Menotti Arthur Miller Isaac Stern

1985	Merce Cunningham Irene Dunne Bob Hope Alan Jay Lerner & Frederick Loewe Beverly Sills

1986	Lucille Ball Hume Cronyn & Jessica Tandy Yehudi Menuhin Antony Tudor Ray Charles

1987	Perry Como Bette Davis Sammy Davis, Jr. Nathan Milstein Alwin Nikolais

1988	Alvin Ailey George Burns Myrna Loy Alexander Schneider Roger L. Stevens

1989	Harry Belafonte Claudette Colbert Alexandra Danilova Mary Martin William Schuman

complete list 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

Persondata
Name	Burns, George
Alternative names	Birnbaum, Nathan
Short description	Actor, Comedian, Writer
Date of birth	1896-01-20
Place of birth	New York City, New York
Date of death	March 9, 1996
Place of death	Beverly Hills, California

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Burns

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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