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News Limited is one of Australia's largest media conglomerate companies, employing more than 8,000 staff nationwide and approximately 3,000 journalists. The publicly listed company's interests span newspaper and magazine publishing, Internet, Pay TV, National Rugby League, market research, DVD and film distribution, and film and television production trading assets.

News Limited owns approximately 146 daily, Sunday, weekly, bi-weekly and tri-weekly newspapers, of which three are free commuter titles and 102 are suburban publications (including 16 of which News Limited has a 50% interest). News Limited publishes a nationally distributed newspaper in Australia, a metropolitan newspaper in each of the Australian cities of Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth (Sundays only), Hobart and Darwin and groups of suburban newspapers in the suburbs of Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth. The company publishes a further thirty magazine titles across Australia.^[1]

With interests in digital media, the company's sites include carsguide.com.au, news.com.au, MOSHTIX.com.au, GetPrice.com.au and truelocal.com.au, and has a 50% stake in CareerOne.com.au, and a share in REA Limited that operates www.realestate.com.au, as well as websites for most newspaper and magazine titles. The company's other Australian assets include part-shares in subscription television provider FOXTEL and the National Rugby League together with shares in two teams in the NRL.

Until the formation of the News Corp Limited in 1979, News Limited was the principal holding company for the business interests of Rupert Murdoch and his family. Since then, News Limited has been wholly owned by News Corp Limited. In 2004, News Corp Limited announced its intention to reincorporate to the United States. On 3 November News Corp Limited ceased trading on the Australian Stock Exchange; and on 8 November, News Corporation Inc. began trading on the New York Stock Exchange.^[2]

The Chief Executive Officer of News Limited is Kim Williams AO, effective 5 December 2011. Williams replaced John Hartigan who served as CEO between 2000 and 2011, succeeding Lachlan Murdoch.^[3]

History[link]

News Limited was established in 1923, publishing The News, a daily newspaper in Adelaide, South Australia. Sir Keith Murdoch acquired a minority interest in the company in 1949.^[4] Following the death of his father, Sir Keith, in 1952, Rupert Murdoch inherited The News, which has been described by Bruce Page^[5] as the "foundation stone" of News Limited (and News Corporation).

Over the next few years, Murdoch gradually established himself as one of the most dynamic media proprietors in Australia, quickly expanding his holdings by acquiring a string of daily and suburban newspapers in most capital cities, including the Sydney afternoon paper, The Daily Mirror, as well as a small Sydney-based recording company, Festival Records. His acquisition of the Mirror proved crucial to his success, allowing him to challenge the dominance of his two main rivals in the Sydney market, the Fairfax Newspapers group, which published the hugely profitable The Sydney Morning Herald, and the Consolidated Press group, owned by Sir Frank Packer, which published the city's leading tabloid paper, The Daily Telegraph.

In 1964, News Limited made its next important advance when it established The Australian, Australia's first national daily newspaper, based first in Canberra and later in Sydney. The Australian, a broadsheet, gave News Limited a new respectability as a quality newspaper publisher, and also greater political influence since The Australian has always had an elite readership, if not always a large circulation.^{[citation needed]}

In 1972, News Limited acquired The Daily Telegraph from Sir Frank Packer, making Murdoch one of the "big three" newspaper proprietors in Australia, along with Fairfax Media in Sydney and his father's old Herald and Weekly Times Ltd in Melbourne. In the 1972 elections, Murdoch swung his newspapers' support behind Gough Whitlam and the left wing Australian Labor Party, but by 1975 he had turned against Labor, and since then has almost always supported the rightist Liberal Party.^{[citation needed]}

Over the next ten years, as his press empire grew, Murdoch established a hugely lucrative financial base, and these profits were routinely used to subsidise further acquisitions. In his early years of newspaper ownership Murdoch was an aggressive, micromanaging entrepreneur.^{[citation needed]} His standard tactic was to buy loss-making Australian newspapers and turn them around by introducing radical management and editorial changes and fighting no-holds-barred circulation wars with his competitors. By the 1970s, this power base was so strong that Murdoch was able to acquire leading newspapers and magazines in both London and New York, as well as many other media holdings.

On the 12 July 2006, News Limited announced the creation of a new division, News Digital Media to manage the operations of the news site NEWS.com.au; the online marketplace sites, carsguide.com.au, truelocal.com.au and careerone.com.au as well as the partly owned realestate.com.au, foxsports.com.au and related activities involving FOXTEL and the company’s newspapers and the Australian versions of Fox Interactive Media sites MySpace and IGN. Chairman and chief executive of News Limited, John Hartigan, announced the appointment of Richard Freudenstein as chief executive of the division.^{[6][dead link]}

In the wake of the News International phone hacking scandal in the United Kingdom, in July 2011 News Limited announced a review of all payments in the previous three years.^[7] On 22 July it was reported that two retired Victorian Supreme Court judges, Frank Vincent AO QC and Bernard Teague AO, were appointed to act as independent assessors of the conduct of the review and also assess the outcome.^[8] The editorial and financial review concluded in early November and found no evidence of phone hacking or payments to public officials,^[9][10] with Vincent and Teague declaring that the review process did not bring ".....to light any systemic issues with respect to the making of payments to third parties and any substantial amounts paid to individuals in respect of illegitimate activities."^[11]

Influence in Australia[link]

Murdoch's desire for dominant cross-media ownership manifested in early 1961 when he bought an ailing Australian record label, Festival Records, and within a few years it had become the leading local recording company. He also bought a television station in Wollongong, New South Wales, hoping to use it to break into the Sydney television market, but found himself frustrated by Australia's cross-media ownership laws, which prevented him from owning both a major newspaper and television station in the same city. Since then he has consistently lobbied, both personally and through his papers, to have these laws changed in his favour. This occurred in 2006 when the Liberal-National Coalition Government, having gained control of both houses of the Australian Parliament, introduced reforms to cross-media ownership and foreign media ownership laws. The laws came into effect in early 2007.^{[citation needed]}

News Limited has nearly three-quarters of daily metropolitan newspaper circulation and so maintains great influence in Australia. Internal News Limited documents reveal a brazen offer during the 2001 Federal election campaign to promote the policies of a major party in its best-selling newspapers nation-wide for almost A$500,000.^[12] Other documents include a marginal seats guide written by a senior business manager for internal use. It evidences a corporate strategy to target marginal seats at the 2004 election.^[13] Some of the documents appeared on Media Watch^[14] but received very little coverage.^{[15][dead link]}

Acquisitions[link]

Britain[link]

Murdoch moved to Britain and rapidly became a major force there after his acquisitions of the News of the World, and The Sun in 1969 and The Times and The Sunday Times in 1981, which he bought in 1981 from the Thomson family. Both takeovers further reinforced his growing reputation as a ruthless and cunning business operator. His takeover of The Times aroused great hostility among traditionalists, who feared he would take it "downmarket." This led directly to the founding of The Independent in 1986 as an alternative quality daily.

United States[link]

Murdoch made his first acquisition in the United States in 1973, when he purchased the San Antonio News. Soon afterwards he founded the National Star, a supermarket tabloid, and in 1976 he purchased the New York Post. Subsequent acquisitions were undertaken through News Corporation.

Australia[link]

News Limited expanded its newspaper holdings in 1987 when it acquired The Herald and Weekly Times, which published two newspapers in Melbourne (in 1990 these papers would be combined to form the Herald Sun) as well as large stakes in several other newspaper publishers. News Limited went on to acquire the remaining shares of Brisbane's Queensland Newspapers (owner of The Courier-Mail), Adelaide's Advertiser Newspapers (owner of The Advertiser) and Hobart's Davies Brothers (owner of The Mercury).

In 1991 News Limited spun off its longtime magazine house, Southdown Press, as Pacific Magazines and Printing, and sold the former Advertiser magazines, renamed Murdoch Magazines, to Matt Handbury. News Limited reentered the magazine market in 2000 with the start of News Magazines. In 2006, News Limited returned to being a major player in the Australian magazine business with the purchase of Independent Print Media Group's FPC Magazines (Delicious, Super Food Ideas, Vogue Australia).

Holdings[link]

News Limited operates 170 newspaper and magazine titles in Australia, including the following:

Newspapers[link]

Metropolitan[link]

National

• The Australian including weekly insert magazine The Deal and monthly insert magazine (wish)
  • The Weekend Australian including insert magazine The Weekend Australian Magazine
• Australian Associated Press (45%)

New South Wales

• The Daily Telegraph
• The Sunday Telegraph including insert magazine sundaymagazine
• mX (Sydney)
• The Sportsman

Victoria

• Herald Sun
• Sunday Herald Sun including insert magazine sundaymagazine
• mX (Melbourne)

Queensland

• The Courier-Mail including weekly insert magazine QWeekend
  • The Sunday Mail

South Australia

• The Advertiser including the monthly insert the Adelaide* magazine
  • Sunday Mail

Western Australia

• The Sunday Times

Tasmania

• The Mercury
  • The Sunday Tasmanian

Northern Territory

• Northern Territory News
  • The Sunday Territorian

Community[link]

Sydney

• NewsLocal (formerly Cumberland-Courier Community Newspapers)
  • Inner West Courier
  • North Shore Times
  • The Manly Daily

Melbourne

• Leader (Vic) newspapers

Brisbane

• Quest (QLD) newspapers

Adelaide

• Messenger (SA) newspapers

Perth

• Community (WA) newspapers

Regional[link]

Victoria

• Geelong Advertiser
  • Geelong News

Queensland

• Gold Coast Bulletin
  • Tablelands Advertiser
  • The Cairns Post
  • Townsville Bulletin

Magazines[link]

• Big League
• GQ Australia
• Vogue Australia

Websites[link]

• news.com.au publishes news stories and multimedia created by a team of about 25 journalists as well as journalism from Murdoch's Australian newspapers. News.com.au is Australia's 3rd most popular news service with 4.5 million monthly unique browsers (Nielsen Market Intelligence, October 2009). The other major Australian news sites are (according to Nielsen Market Intelligence): news.ninemsn.com (#1), smh.com.au (#2), theage.com.au (#4) and Yahoo7.com.au (#5)). News.com.au is also a portal to the sites of other News Limited mastheads and associated companies such as Fox Sports and the CareerOne job advertisement service.
• The Punch is an opinion and news website. Stories are created by a small team of journalists and takes submissions from a large pool of leading Australian writers. The website has a strong emphasis upon a community of commenters. The Punch was founded in 2009.

NRL properties[link]

• Brisbane Broncos Ltd (68.87%)
• Melbourne Storm Rugby League Club Ltd (100%)
• National Rugby League from 1998-2011(50%)

New Zealand[link]

• SKY Network Television (43.6%)

See also[link]

• Journalism in Australia

References[link]

External links[link]

• News Corporation Website
• News Limited Metropolitan Newspapers
• News Limited Community Newspapers
• Transcript of John Hartigan speech at 2007 Andrew Olle Lecture