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- Duration: 6:00
- Published: 06 Dec 2007
- Uploaded: 04 Jul 2011
- Author: SeaSnakeX
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The Turkic languages constitute a language family of at least thirty five languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family.
Turkic languages are spoken as a native language by some 165 to 180 million people; and the total number of Turkic speakers is over 250 million, including speakers of a second language. The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is Turkish proper, or Anatolian [and Balkan] Turkish, the speakers of which account for about 40% of all Turkic speakers.
The geographical distribution of Turkic-speaking peoples across Eurasia ranges from the North-East of Siberia to Turkey in the West (see picture in the box on the right above).
The Codex Cumanicus (12th–13th centuries) concerning the Northwestern branch is another early linguistic manual, between the Kipchak language and Latin, used by the Catholic missionaries sent to the Western Cumans inhabiting a region corresponding to present-day Hungary and Romania. The earliest records of the language spoken by Volga Bulgars, the parent to today's Chuvash language, are dated to the 13th–14th centuries.
The Turkic languages may be divided into six branches (Johanson 1998): #Southwestern (Oghuz Turkic) #Northwestern (Kipchak Turkic) #Southeastern (Uyghur Turkic) #Northeastern (Siberian Turkic) #Oghur Turkic #Arghu Turkic
In this classification, Oghur Turkic is also referred to as Lir-Turkic and the other branches are subsumed under the title of Shaz-Turkic or Common Turkic. It is not clear when these two major types of Turkic can be assumed to have actually diverged.
With less certainty, the Southwestern, Northwestern, Southeastern and Oghur groups may further be summarized as West Turkic, the Northeastern, Kyrgyz-Kipchak and Arghu (Khalaj) groups as East Turkic.
Geographically and linguistically, the languages of the Northwestern and Southeastern subgroups belong to the central Turkic languages, while the Northeastern and Khalaj languages are the so-called peripheral languages.
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
!|isogloss
!Old Turkic
!Turkish
!Azeri
!Uzbek
!Uyghur
!Tatar
!Kazakh
!Kyrgyz
!Altay
!Western Yugur
!Fu-yü Gyrgys
!Khakas
!Tuvan
!Sakha/Yakut
!Khalaj
!Chuvash
|-
|z/r (nine)
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toquz
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|dokuz
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|doqquz
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toqqiz
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toqquz
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|tuğız
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toğız
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toğuz
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toğus
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|doğus
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toğıs
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|tos
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toğus
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toqquz
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|tăχăr
|-
|*h- (foot)
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|adaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|ayak
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|oyoq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|azaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|azıχ
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|azaχ
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|adaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|ataχ
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|hadaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|ura
|-
|*VdV (foot)
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|adaq
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ayak
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|oyoq
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ayaq
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|
|style="background-color: #f0f1df"|azaq
|style="background-color: #f0f1df"|azıχ
|style="background-color: #f0f1df"|azaχ
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|adaq
|style="background-color: #dff1e0"|ataχ
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|hadaq
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|ura
|-
|*-g (mountain)
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|tag
|style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|dağ*
|style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|dağ
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|toğ
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|tağ
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|taw
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|taw
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|tō
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|tū
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|tağ
|style="background-color: #dff1e0"|daχ
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|tağ
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|dağ
|style="background-color: #dff1e0"|tıa
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|tāğ
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|tu
|-
|suffix *-g (mountainous)
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|taglıg
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|dağlık*
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|dağlıq
|style="background-color: #dff1e0"|toğlık
|style="background-color: #dff1e0"|tağlıq
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|tawlı
|style="background-color: #ece0f0"|tawlı
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|tōlū
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|tūlu
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #dff1e0"|
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #dff1e0"|
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|
|-
|*-ń (town)
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|köy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|köy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|kənd-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|kuy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|köy-/küy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|köy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|küy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|küy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|küy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|köy-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|style="background-color: #dff1e0"|
|style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|kiěn-
|style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|
|}
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%" ! !common meaning !style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Old Turkic !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Turkish !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Azerbaijani !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Turkmen !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Tatar !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Bashkir !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kazakh !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kyrgyz !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Uzbek !style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Uyghur !style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Sakha/Yakut !style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Chuvash |- |rowspan=9|- |Father |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Ata |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ata |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ata |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Ata |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Atta |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ata(y) |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ata |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ata |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ota |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Ata |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Ata |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Ate |- |Mother |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Ana |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ana/Anne |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ana |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Ene |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Ana |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Inä(y) |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ana |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ene |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ona |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Ana |style="background-color: #dff1e0"| |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Anne |- |Sound |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Avaz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Avaz |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Avaz |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Avaz |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Awaz |style="background-color: #f1e9df"| |style="background-color: #f1e9df"| |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Avaz |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ovoz |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Avaz |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Avaz |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Avaz |- |Son |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|O'gul |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Oğul/Oğlan |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Oğul |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Oğul |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Ul, uğıl |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ul |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ul |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Uul |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|O'g'il |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Oghul |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Uol |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Yvăl, Ul |- |Man |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Er(kek) |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Er(kek) |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Er |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Erkek |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|İr |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|İr(käk) |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Er(kek) |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Erkek |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Erkak |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Er |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Er |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Ar/Arşçin |- |Girl |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Kyz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kız |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qız |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gyz |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qız |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qıð |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qız |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kız |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Qiz |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Qiz |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Ky:s |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Hĕr |- |Person |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Kişi |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kişi |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Şəxs |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Kişi |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Keşe |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Keşe |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kisi |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kishi |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Kishi |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Kishi |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kihi |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Şçin |- |Bride |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Kelin |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Gelin |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Gəlin |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gelin |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Kilen |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kilen |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kelin |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kelin |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Kelin |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Kelin |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kylyn |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Kin |- |Mother-in-law |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"| |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kaynana |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qaynana |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gayın ene |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qayın ana |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qäynä |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qayın ene |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kaynene |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Qayın ona |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Qeyinana |style="background-color: #dff1e0"| |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Hun'ama |- |rowspan=16|Body parts |Heart |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Yürek |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Yürek |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ürək |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Ýürek |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Yöräk |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Yöräk |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Jürek |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Jürök |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Yurak |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Yürek |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Süreq |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Čĕre |- |Blood |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Qan |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kan |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qan |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Ga:n |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qan |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qan |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qan |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kan |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Qon |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Qan |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Qa:n |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Jun |- |Head |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Baš |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Baş |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Baş |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Baş |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Baş |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Baş |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Bas |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Bash |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Bosh |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Baş |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Bas |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Puś |- |Hair |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Qıl |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kıl |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qıl |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Qyl |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qıl |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qıl |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qıl |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kıl |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Qil |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Qil |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kıl |style="background-color: #dff1ed"| |- |Eye |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Köz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Göz |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Göz |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Göz |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Küz |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Küð |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Köz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Köz |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ko'z |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Köz |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kos |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Kuś |- |Eyelash |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Kirpik |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kirpik |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Kiprik |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Kirpik |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Kerfek |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kerpek |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kirpik |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kirpik |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Kiprik |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Kirpik |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kirbi: |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Hărpăk |- |Ear |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Qulqaq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kulak |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qulaq |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gulak |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qolaq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qolaq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qulaq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kulak |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Quloq |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Qulaq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Gulka:k |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Hălha |- |Nose |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Burun |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Burun |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Burun |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Burun |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Borın |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Moron |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Murın |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Murun |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Burun |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Burun |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Murun |style="background-color: #dff1ed"| |- |Arm |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Qol |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kol |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qol |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gol |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qul |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qul |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qol |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kol |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Qo'l |style="background-color: #e8f1df"| |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Qol |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Hul/Hol |- |Hand |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|El(ig) |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|El |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Əl |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|El |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| |style="background-color: #f1e9df"| |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Alaqan |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Alakan |style="background-color: #f0f1df"| |style="background-color: #e8f1df"| |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Ili: |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Ală |- |Finger |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Barmak |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Parmak |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Barmaq |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Barmak |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Barmaq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Barmaq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Barmaq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Barmak |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Barmoq |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Barmaq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"| |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Pürne/Porn'a |- |Fingernail |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Tyrnaq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Tırnak |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Dırnaq |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Dyrnaq |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Tırnaq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Tırnaq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Tırnaq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Tyrmak |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Tirnoq |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Tirnaq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Tynyraq |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Čĕrne |- |Knee |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Tiz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Diz |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Diz |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Dy:z |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Tez |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Teð, tubıq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Tize |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Tize |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Tizza |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Tiz |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Tüsäχ |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Čĕrpuśśi |- |Calf |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Baltyr |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Baldır |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Baldır |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Baldyr |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Baltır |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Baltır |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Baltır |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Baltyr |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Boldir |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Baldir |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Ballyr |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Pıl |- |Foot |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Adaq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ayak |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ayaq |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Aýak |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Ayaq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ayaq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ayaq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ayak |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Oyoq |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Ayaq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Ataq |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Ura |- |Belly |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Qaryn |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Karın |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qarın |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Garyn |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qarın |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qarın |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qarın |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Karyn |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Qorin |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Qerin |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Qaryn |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Hyrăm |- |rowspan=5|Animals |Horse |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|At |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|At |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|At |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|At |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|At |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|At |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|At |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|At |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ot |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|At |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|At |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Ut |- |Cattle |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Siyir |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Sığır |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Inek |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Sygyr |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Sıyır |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Hıyır |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Sïır |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Sıyır |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Sigir |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Siyir |style="background-color: #dff1e0"| |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Vıleh |- |Dog |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Yt |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|İt |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|İt |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|It |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Et |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Et |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ït |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|It |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|It |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|It |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Yt |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Jytă |- |Fish |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Balyq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Balık |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Balıq |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Balyk |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Balıq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Balıq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Balıq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Balık |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Baliq |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Beliq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Balyk |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Pulă |- |Louse |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Bit |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Bit |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Bit |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Bit |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Bet |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Bet |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Bït |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Bit |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Bit |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Pit |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Byt |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Pyjtă/Put'ă |- |rowspan=18|Other nouns |House |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Uy |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ev |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ev |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Öý |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Öy |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Öy |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Üy |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Üy |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Uy |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Uy |style="background-color: #dff1e0"| |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Av* |- |Tent |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Otag |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Otağ |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Otaq |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Otag |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Satır |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Şatır |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Boz Üy |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|O'toq |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Otaq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Otu: |style="background-color: #dff1ed"| |- |Way |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Yol |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Yol |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Yol |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Yo:l |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Yul |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Yul |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Jol |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Jol |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Yo'l |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Yol |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Suol |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Śul |- |Bridge |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Köprüq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Köprü |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Körpü |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Köpri |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Küper |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Küper |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Köpir |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Köpürö |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ko'prik |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Kövrük |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kürpe |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Kĕper |- |Arrow |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Oq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ok |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ox |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Ok |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Uq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Uq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Oq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ok |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|O'q |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Oq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Oχ |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Uhă |- |Fire |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Ot |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Od |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Od |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Ot |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Ut |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ut, ürt |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ot |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ot |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|O't |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Ot |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Uot |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Vut/Vot |- |Ash |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Kül |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kül |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Kül |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Kül |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Köl |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Köl |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kül |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kül |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Kul |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Kül |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kül |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Kĕl |- |Water |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Suv |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Su |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Su |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Suw |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Su |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Hıw |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Su |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Suu |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Suv |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Su |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Ui |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Šyv/Šu |- |Ship, boat |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Kemi |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Gemi |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Gəmi |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gämi |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Köymä |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kämä |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Keme |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Keme |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Kema |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Keme |style="background-color: #dff1e0"| |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Kimĕ |- |Lake |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Köl |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Göl |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Göl |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Köl |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Kül |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kül |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Köl |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Köl |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ko'l |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Köl |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Küöl |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Külĕ |- |Sun/Day |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Küneš |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Gün(eş) |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Gün(əş) |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gün |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Kön |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kön |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kün |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kün |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Kun |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Kün |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kün |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Kun |- |Cloud |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Bulut |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Bulut |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Bulud |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Bulut |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Bolıt |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Bolot |style="background-color: #f1e9df"| |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Bulut |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Bulut |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Bulut |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Bylyt |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Pĕlĕt |- |Star |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Yulduz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Yıldız |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ulduz |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Ýyldyz |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Yoldız |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Yondoð |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Juldız |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Jıldız |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Yulduz |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Yultuz |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Sulus |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Śăltăr |- |Earth |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Topraq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Toprak |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Torpaq |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Toprak |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Tufraq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Tupraq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Topıraq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Topurak |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Tuproq |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Tupraq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Toburaχ |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Tăpra |- |Hilltop |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Töpü |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Tepe |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Təpə |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Depe |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Tübä |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Tübä |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Töbe |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Töbö |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Tepa |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Töpe |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Töbö |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Tüpĕ |- |Tree/Wood |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Yağac |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ağaç |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ağac |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Agaç |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Ağaç |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ağas |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ağaş |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Jygach |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Yog'och |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Yahach |style="background-color: #dff1e0"| |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Jyvăś |- |God (Tengri) |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Tengri |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Tanrı |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Tanrı |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Taňry |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Täñre |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Täñre |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Täñiri |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Teñir |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Tangri |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Tengri |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Tanara |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Tură/Toră |- |Sky, Blue |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Kök |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Gök |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Göy |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gök |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Kük |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kük |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kök |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kök |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ko'k |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Kök |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Küöq |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Kăvak/Koak |- |rowspan=7|Adjectives |Long |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Uzun |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Uzun |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Uzun |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Uzyn |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Ozın |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Oðon |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Uzın |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Uzun |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Uzun |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Uzun |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Uhun |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Vărăm |- |New |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Yany |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Yeni |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Yeni |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Yany |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Yaña |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Yañı |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Jaña |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Jañı |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Yangi |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Yengi |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Sana |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Śĕnĕ |- |Fat |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Semiz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Semiz/Şişman |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Şişgo |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Semiz |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Simez |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Himeð |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Semiz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Semiz |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Semiz |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Semiz |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Emis |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Samăr |- |Full |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Tolu |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Dolu |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Dolu |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Do:ly |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Tulı |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Tulı |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Tolı |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Tolo |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|To'la |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Toluq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Toloru |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Tulli |- |White |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Aq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ak |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Ağ |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Ak |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Aq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Aq |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Aq |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Ak |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Oq |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Aq |style="background-color: #dff1e0"| |style="background-color: #dff1ed"| |- |Black |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Qara |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kara |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qara |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gara |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qara |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qara |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qara |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kara |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Qora |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Qara |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Xara |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Hura |- |Red |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Qyzyl |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kızıl |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Qızıl |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Gyzyl |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Qızıl |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qıðıl |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Qızıl |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kızıl |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Qizil |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Qizil |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Kyhyl |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Hĕrlĕ |- |rowspan=6|Numbers |1 |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Bir |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Bir |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Bir |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Bir |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Ber |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Ber |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Bir |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Bir |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Bir |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Bir |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Bi:r |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Pĕrre |- |2 |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Eki |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|İki |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|İki |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Iki |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|İke |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|İke |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Eki |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Eki |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Ikki |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Ikki |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Ikki |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Ikkĕ |- |4 |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Tört |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Dört |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Dörd |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Dö:rt |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Dürt |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Dürt |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Tört |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Tört |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|To'rt |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Tört |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Tüört |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Tăvattă |- |7 |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Yeti |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Yedi |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Yeddi |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Yedi |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Cide |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Yete |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Jeti |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Jeti |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Yetti |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Yetti |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Sette |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Śiččĕ |- |10 |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|On |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|On |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|On |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|O:n |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Un |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Un |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|On |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|On |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|O'n |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|On |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Uon |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Vunnă/Vonnă |- |100 |style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Yüz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Yüz |style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Yüz |style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Yüz |style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Yöz |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Yöð |style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Jüz |style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Jüz |style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Yuz |style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Yüz |style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Sü:s |style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Śĕr |- ! ! !style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|Old Turkic !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Turkish !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|Azerbaijani !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|Turkmen !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|Tatar !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Bashkir !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|Kazakh !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|Kyrgyz !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|Uzbek !style="background-color: #e8f1df"|Uyghur !style="background-color: #dff1e0"|Sakha/Yakut !style="background-color: #dff1ed"|Chuvash |}
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