- published: 14 Apr 2012
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![04/13/12 Norman, OKLAHOMA TORNADO [Original]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121213140145im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/TSId_d3hiR0/default.jpg "4/13/12, Friday Norman, Oklahoma About 4:00 PM This is my security camera catching my neighbors fence blow over. If you skip to 1:10 you will see hidden behind the trees a transformer that fell over and shorted out.")
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- African American
- Agra, Oklahoma
- Alex, Oklahoma
- Amber, Oklahoma
- American Civil War
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- Byars, Oklahoma
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- Carney, Oklahoma
- Cashion, Oklahoma
- Category Oklahoma
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- Earth's atmosphere
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Agra, Oklahoma
Agra is a town in northern Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 356 at the 2000 census.
Agra is served by the Agra Independent School District.
Agra is located at 35°53′39″N 96°52′15″W / 35.89417°N 96.87083°W / 35.89417; -96.87083 (35.894279, -96.870956).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), all of it land.
At the 2000 census, there were 356 people, 131 households and 99 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,007.3 per square mile (392.7/km²). There were 147 housing units at an average density of 415.9 per square mile (162.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 89.61% White, 5.90% Native American, and 4.49% are from two or more races.
There were 131 households of which 36.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.8% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.4% were non-families. 23.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.18.
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Alex, Oklahoma
Alex is a town in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 635 at the 2000 census.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 6.7 square miles (17 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 635 people, 254 households, and 179 families residing in the town. The population density was 95.2 people per square mile (36.8/km²). There were 294 housing units at an average density of 44.1 per square mile (17.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 91.18% White, 6.30% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.79% from other races, and 1.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.89% of the population.
There were 254 households out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.97.
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Amber, Oklahoma
Amber is a town in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 490 at the 2000 census.
Amber is located at 35°9′35″N 97°52′44″W / 35.15972°N 97.87889°W / 35.15972; -97.87889 (35.159613, -97.878766).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 4.0 square miles (10 km2), all of it land. The Post Office was established in 1903.
As of the census of 2000, there were 490 people, 160 households, and 132 families residing in the town. The population density was 124.2 people per square mile (47.9/km²). There were 176 housing units at an average density of 44.6 per square mile (17.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 89.18% White, 0.20% African American, 4.90% Native American, 1.22% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 4.29% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.04% of the population.
There were 160 households out of which 47.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 74.4% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 16.9% were non-families. 15.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.06 and the average family size was 3.34.
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Arcadia, Oklahoma
Arcadia is a town in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The population was 285 at the 2009 census.
Arcadia was established soon after the 1889 Land Run and drew both white and African American cotton farmers, who named the land after the Greek town of Arcadia.
Arcadia is located at 35°39′56″N 97°19′35″W / 35.665456°N 97.326387°W / 35.665456; -97.326387.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2009, there were 285 people, 108 households, and 69 families residing in the town. The population density was 185 people per square mile (69.9/km2). There were 126 housing units at an average density of 81.9 per square mile (31.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 25.5% White, 7.9% African American, 7.9% Native American, 7.9% from other races, and 7.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.36% of the population.
There were 108 households out of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.7% were married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.90.
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Asher, Oklahoma
Asher is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 393 at the 2010 census, a decline of 6.2 percent from 419 at the 2000 census.
Asher is located at 34°59′19″N 96°55′36″W / 34.98861°N 96.92667°W / 34.98861; -96.92667 (34.988580, -96.926550), at the intersection of U.S. Highway 177 and State Highway 39 in Pottawatomie County. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), all of it land.
Asher is approximately 30 miles (48 km) south of I-40 and 34 miles (55 km) east of I-35. Nearby cities (with 15,000+ population) include Ada, Oklahoma (21 miles south) and Shawnee, Oklahoma (27 miles north). Asher is located two miles (3 km) west of Chisholm Spring, once the site of a trading post operated by Jesse Chisholm, for whom the famous cattle trail was named. A Chisholm family home and cemetery are also located in Asher. Nine miles east of Asher is the Sacred Heart Mission Site.
As of the census of 2000, there were 419 people, 164 households, and 123 families residing in the town. The population density was 523.8 people per square mile (202.2/km²). There were 186 housing units at an average density of 232.5 per square mile (89.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 82.10% White, 12.89% Native American, 0.95% from other races, and 4.06% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.34% of the population.
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Bethany, Oklahoma
Bethany is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The population was 20,307 at the 2000 census.
Bethany is located at 35°30′17″N 97°38′20″W / 35.50472°N 97.63889°W / 35.50472; -97.63889 (35.504607, -97.638818).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.2 square miles (13 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 20,307 people, 8,161 households, and 5,280 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,896.7 people per square mile (1,504.9/km²). There were 8,874 housing units at an average density of 1,702.8 per square mile (657.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.79% White, 4.36% African American, 2.87% Native American, 1.38% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 2.18% from other races, and 3.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.80% of the population.
There were 8,161 households out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.0% were married couples living together, 12.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.3% were non-families. 31.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.91.
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Blanchard, Oklahoma
Blanchard is a city in Grady and McClain counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 7,670 at the 2010 census. Blanchard is part of a rapidly growing area of northern McClain and Grady Counties known as the "Tri-City Area" with Newcastle and Tuttle.
Blanchard is situated in Township 8 North, Range 4 West, Section 30 in northwestern McClain County. The town is served by U.S. Highway 62 and State Highway 76. Named after William G. "Bill" Blanchard, the community was organized originally by the Canadian Valley Construction Company, which also planned to build a railroad. However, the company went into bankruptcy, and the railroad came under the control of the Oklahoma Central Railroad which also experienced financial problems. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway took over and completed the line.
The townsite was established by three lot sales beginning with the Canadian Valley Construction Company sale on September 19, 1906. The second sale was held on July 18, 1907, and final lots were sold on March 25, 1908, by the Blanchard Townsite Company. Within a year the town was described as having forty business establishments, including a state and national bank, four blacksmith shops, three livery barns, two grain elevators, and a weekly newspaper.
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Bradley, Oklahoma
Bradley is a town in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 182 at the 2000 census.
Bradley is located at 34°52′34″N 97°42′32″W / 34.87611°N 97.70889°W / 34.87611; -97.70889 (34.876233, -97.708848).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 182 people, 67 households, and 52 families residing in the town. The population density was 801.8 people per square mile (305.5/km²). There were 82 housing units at an average density of 361.2 per square mile (137.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.11% White, 4.40% Native American, 0.55% Asian, and 4.95% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.10% of the population.
There were 67 households out of which 41.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.7% were married couples living together, 6.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. 19.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.08.
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Byars, Oklahoma
Byars is a town in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 255 at the 2010 census.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Byars has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2), of which, 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (6.67%) is water.
Byars is located along State Highway 59.
As of the census of 2000, there were 280 people, 105 households, and 74 families residing in the town. The population density was 182.0 people per square mile (70.2/km²). There were 118 housing units at an average density of 76.7 per square mile (29.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 86.79% White, 10.36% Native American, 0.36% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 2.14% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.79% of the population.
There were 105 households out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.16.
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California
California (pronounced
i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Calumet, Oklahoma
Calumet is a town in Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 535 at the 2000 census.
Calumet is located at 35°36′2″N 98°7′13″W / 35.60056°N 98.12028°W / 35.60056; -98.12028 (35.600454, -98.120409).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.3 square miles (3.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 535 people, 181 households, and 144 families residing in the town. The population density was 417.8 people per square mile (161.4/km²). There were 205 housing units at an average density of 160.1 per square mile (61.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.01% White, 0.56% African American, 13.83% Native American, 0.19% Asian, 3.93% from other races, and 4.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.54% of the population.
There were 181 households out of which 43.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.4% were non-families. 19.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.96 and the average family size was 3.32.
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Campus Corner
Campus Corner is a college-oriented commercial district in Norman, Oklahoma located directly north of the University of Oklahoma campus. The area is bounded by White Street, University Boulevard, Boyd Street, and Asp Avenue. The district is home to four blocks of unique retail shopping and mixed-use development, including restaurants, bars, clothing stores, OU memorabilia, personal care, and other businesses and professional organizations. Established in 1917, the area around Boyd Street and Asp Avenue has long been a focal for OU pep rallies and other displays of school spirit.
Campus Corner was developed during the early 1900s to serve the needs of the faculty and students working at and living nearby the University of Oklahoma. Nearly all student housing was located in the Campus Corner area and at the time students were not permitted to drive. This caused the area to grow rapidly, becoming a thriving business district by 1920. Restaurants, clothing stores, laundry facilities, pharmacies, and beauty salons soon opened for business. One of the early developers in Campus Corner was the Whistler Family, responsible for additions to the area such as the 575 University building which ultimately housed a bookstore, supply shop, restaurant, and a dance floor. In 1929 a tragic fire destroyed most of the then-existing Campus Corner; however, within a few years the area was rebuilt and the fire ultimately led to further expansion.
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Carney, Oklahoma
Carney is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 649 at the 2000 census.
Carney is located at 35°48′21″N 97°0′45″W / 35.80583°N 97.0125°W / 35.80583; -97.0125 (35.805857, -97.012481).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2).
As of the census of 2000, there were 649 people, 252 households, and 183 families residing in the town. The population density was 367.4 people per square mile (141.6/km²). There were 281 housing units at an average density of 159.1 per square mile (61.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 86.75% White, 1.08% African American, 8.01% Native American, 0.62% from other races, and 3.54% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.23% of the population.
There were 252 households out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.6% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.0% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.03.
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Cashion, Oklahoma
Cashion is a town in Kingfisher and Logan counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The Logan County portion of Cashion is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 635 at the 2000 census.
Cashion is located at 35°48′0″N 97°40′38″W / 35.8°N 97.67722°W / 35.8; -97.67722 (35.800002, -97.677178).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km²), all land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 635 people, 238 households, and 177 families residing in the town. The population density was 578.7 people per square mile (222.9/km²). There were 262 housing units at an average density of 238.8 per square mile (92.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 95.28% White, 0.16% African American, 1.73% Native American, 0.16% from other races, and 2.68% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.09% of the population.
There were 238 households out of which 45.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.5% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.6% were non-families. 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.18.
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Chandler, Oklahoma
Chandler is a city in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 2,842 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lincoln County and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area.
Chandler is located east of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma on U.S. Route 66 and Interstate 44, and north of Shawnee, Oklahoma on State Highway 18.
Chandler was named after Judge George Chandler, a member of Congress and commissioner of the general land office in Washington, D.C. Chandler was opened by a land run on September 28, 1891. The town had been planned to be opened on September 22, (the date of the Land Run of 1891) but the site survey had not been completed. The Chandler Post Office had opened September 21, the day before the planned run. When Oklahoma county A (Lincoln County) was organized, Chandler became the county seat. On May 30, 1897, a tornado destroyed most of the fledgling town and killed 14 residents.
In 1891 the county government operated out of an office building until the original courthouse was built. The courthouse was destroyed by the tornado of 1897, and a temporary courthouse was erected on the present site. This building was removed in 1907 to make way for a stone courthouse. This third courthouse burned down on December 23, 1967 and the current courthouse was set in its place.
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Chickasha, Oklahoma
Chickasha (
/ˈtʃɪkəʃeɪ/) is a city in and the county seat, business and employment center of Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 15,850 at the 2000 census. Chickasha is home to the University of Science and Arts of Oklahoma and hosts an annual Festival of Light celebration located at Shannon Springs Park. The city is named for, and strongly connected to Native American heritage as Chickasha (Chikashsha) is the Choctaw word for Chickasaw.
Chickasha is located at 35°2′18″N 97°56′46″W / 35.03833°N 97.94611°W / 35.03833; -97.94611 (35.038431, -97.946021).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 18.1 square miles (47 km2), of which, 18.1 square miles (47 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.28%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 15,850 people, 6,434 households, and 4,111 families residing in the city. The population density was 877.5 people per square mile (338.9/km²). There were 7,424 housing units at an average density of 411.0 per square mile (158.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 81.20% White, 8.45% African American, 4.73% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.52% from other races, and 3.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.76% of the population.
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Choctaw, Oklahoma
Choctaw is the oldest chartered town in Oklahoma. Choctaw physically became a community in 1890, but was not given actual status as a town until 1893 when a territorial governor was appointed for Oklahoma. It officially celebrated its 100th anniversary in 1993. In 1950, Choctaw was in an agricultural area. It had a population of 355 in that year.
Before Choctaw was chartered, the area included a part of William McClure's 7C Ranch and was known for a trading post and a camping spot near a spring.
A community emerged on the east 80 acres (320,000 m2) of land John S. Muzzy claimed in the 1889 land run and received a postal designation in early 1890.
The town incorporated in April 1904. When Oklahoma became a state in 1907, the town had 230 residents, four churches, a school, a bank, a newspaper and telephone service. By 1909, the town had three gins. The population grew very little during the Great Depression.
Choctaw is located at 35°28′57″N 97°16′2″W / 35.4825°N 97.26722°W / 35.4825; -97.26722 (35.482383, -97.267330).
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Cole, Oklahoma
Cole is a town in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 473 at the 2000 census.
Cole was originally founded on 10 acres (40,000 m2) of land donated by Mrs. A. E. Cunningham and Judge Presley Cole. The town was named Cole after it was decided Cunningham was too long a name. Cole's first post office, created in 1912, was in the Cunningham home, though it was moved later to Read's General Merchandise Store.
Cole is located at 35°6′21″N 97°34′23″W / 35.10583°N 97.57306°W / 35.10583; -97.57306 (35.105921, -97.572964).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 15.1 square miles (39 km2), all of it land.
Cole is located along State Highway 74B.
As of the census of 2000, there were 473 people, 169 households, and 141 families residing in the town. The population density was 31.4 people per square mile (12.1/km²). There were 183 housing units at an average density of 12.1 per square mile (4.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.27% White, 0.21% African American, 6.55% Native American, 0.63% from other races, and 2.33% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.75% of the population.
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Colima, Colima
Colima is capital of the state of the same name, a city and municipality located in the center west of Mexico. It is located near the Colima Volcano, which divides the small state from that of Jalisco. Despite being the capital, the city is not the state’s main tourist attraction, eclipsed by Manzanillo and Comala, as it lacks major cultural and historical sites. It is one of the state’s main commerce and distribution centers, with over two thirds of the population employed in commerce and services within the city proper. Outside in the small communities of the municipality, agriculture is still the most important economic activity. The city has been ranked as first as livable small city in Mexico and tenth in Latin America by FDI Intelligence.
The city of Colima is the capital of the state of the same name. It is the second largest municipality after Manzanillo by population. FDI Intelligence, a subsidiary of the Financial Times of London, ranked Colima first in small cities and tenth in Latin America as a place to live. It was evaluated under six categories; economic potential, human resources, cost-benefit ratio, quality of life, infrastructure and favorable business environment.
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Coyle, Oklahoma
Coyle is a town in Logan County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 337 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Coyle is located at 35°57′15″N 97°14′11″W / 35.95417°N 97.23639°W / 35.95417; -97.23639 (35.954065, -97.236459).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.6 square miles (1.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 337 people, 136 households, and 82 families residing in the town. The population density was 541.2 people per square mile (209.9/km²). There were 154 housing units at an average density of 247.3 per square mile (95.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 81.60% White, 10.98% African American, 5.64% Native American, 0.30% from other races, and 1.48% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.89% of the population.
There were 136 households out of which 38.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.0% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.33.
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Crescent, Oklahoma
Crescent is a city in Logan County, Oklahoma. The population inside the city limits was 1,281 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area. Sperling Best Places lists the zip code population of Crescent at 3,269 in 2010.
Crescent was formed with the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889 on March 2, 1889, and officially started that fall when William Brown began selling general merchandise out of a wagon. Soon he took on a partner, Benjamin Ryland, and the two moved into a log cabin. A post office christened "Crescent City" was established on February 21, 1890, the name taken from a moon-shaped glade where the town began. In November 1891 the town site was platted, and incorporated in 1893. The Denver, Enid and Gulf Railroad laid track one mile (1.6 km) west of the city in 1902, and the city obtained 160 acres (0.65 km2) of land from two farmers (C. E. Wells and J. H. Rhoades) creating "new Crescent" or "West Crescent"; eventually the town moved to the new location. Oil was discovered north of town in 1926 and then south of town in 1930 in the "Crescent Oil Field".
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Cross Timbers
The term Cross Timbers is used to describe a strip of land in the United States that runs from southeastern Kansas across Central Oklahoma to Central Texas. Made up of a mix of prairie, savanna, and woodland, it forms part of the boundary between the more heavily forested eastern country and the almost treeless Great Plains, and also marks the western habitat limit of many mammals and insects.
No major metropolitan areas lie wholly within the Cross Timbers, although roughly the western half of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex does, including the cities of Fort Worth, Denton, Arlington, and Weatherford. The western suburbs of the Tulsa metropolitan area and the northeastern suburbs of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area also lie within this area. The main highways that cross the region are I-35 and I-35W going north to south (although they tend to skirt the Cross Timbers' eastern fringe south of Fort Worth) and I-40 going east to west. Numerous U.S. Highways also cross the area.
The Cross Timbers are defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as Ecoregion 29, a Level III ecoregion. Some organizations and maps refer to the Cross Timbers ecoregion as the Central Oklahoma/Texas Plains. The Cross Timbers are contained within the WWF Central forest-grasslands transition ecoregion.
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Davenport, Oklahoma
Davenport is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 881 at the 2000 census.
Davenport is located at 35°42′27″N 96°45′52″W / 35.7075°N 96.76444°W / 35.7075; -96.76444 (35.707463, -96.764583).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 square miles (2.1 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 881 people, 353 households, and 261 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,082.2 people per square mile (419.9/km²). There were 401 housing units at an average density of 492.6 per square mile (191.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 85.24% White, 3.41% African American, 6.81% Native American, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 0.57% from other races, and 3.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.36% of the population.
There were 353 households out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% were married couples living together, 10.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.8% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.91.
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Del City, Oklahoma
Del City is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The population was 21,332 at the 2010 census.
Del City is located near two major interstate highways, both of which connect it to Oklahoma City. Interstate 40 bisects the town from the northwest to southeast, and Interstate 35 lies just a short distance west of the city. The city borders southeast Oklahoma City, Midwest City and Tinker Air Force Base. George Epperly founded the city, which was incorporated by a vote of its residents in 1948. Del City is named after Epperly's eldest daughter Delaphene. Since its incorporation Del City has expanded three times, first by annexing Carter Park in 1954, Midway Village in 1963 and the acquisition of an undeveloped piece of land between the city and Tinker AFB A large area of Del City was significantly impacted by the May 3, 1999 tornado outbreak that passed through the Oklahoma City metro area.
Founded in Boone Township, Oklahoma County as a "bedroom" community, Del City lies three miles (5 km) east of Oklahoma City and one mile (1.6 km) west of Midwest City. At the turn of the 21st century, Del City was a 7.5-square-mile (19 km2) community surrounded on the north, west, and south by Oklahoma City and on the east by Midwest City. Interstate Highway 40 bisects the town from the northwest to southeast. Oklahoma City streets define the boundaries: NE 10th Street on the north; Sooner Road on the east; SE 44th Street on the south; and Bryant Road on the west. Northwestern corner of the city is a mile from the junction of Interstate 35 and Interstate 40, justifying its claim to being "the Crossroads of America."
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Dibble, Oklahoma
Dibble is a town in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. The population within city limits was 878 at the 2010 census. The town was named after two brothers James and John Dibble.[citation needed]The community has 8,868 residents in its 73031 zipcode, according to Sperling's Best Places. Dibble is in the outer suburban area west of Purcell, OK, and southwest of Norman, OK, in the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.
Dibble is located at 35°2′24″N 97°38′23″W / 35.04°N 97.63972°W / 35.04; -97.63972 (35.040060, -97.639805).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2), all of it land.
Dibble is located along State Highway 39 just east of the State Highway 76 junction.
Dibble was incorporated in 1937.
In 1950 Dibble had a population of 148.
As of the census of 2000, there were 289 people, 111 households, and 84 families residing in the town. The population density was 108.7 people per square mile (41.9/km²). There were 120 housing units at an average density of 45.1 per square mile (17.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 88.93% White, 5.88% Native American, and 5.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.38% of the population.
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Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade Dinosauria. They first appeared during the Triassic period, approximately 230 million years ago, and became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for 135 million years, from the beginning of the Jurassic (about 200 million years ago) until the end of the Cretaceous (65.5 million years ago), when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of most dinosaur groups at the close of the Mesozoic era. The fossil record indicates that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic, and consequently they are considered a type of dinosaur in modern classification systems. Some birds survived the extinction event that occurred 65 million years ago, and continue the dinosaur lineage to the present day.
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Earlsboro, Oklahoma
Earlsboro is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 628 at the 2010 census, a decline of 0.8 percent from 633 at the 2000 census. It was once called "...the town that whisky built and oil broke."
The town of Earlsborough (as it was spelled on the town plat) began in 1891, when the Choctaw Coal and Railway (later the Choctaw, Oklahoma and Gulf Railroad) built a line west from the Seminole Nation into Oklahoma Territory. The town was located one-half mile inside Oklahoma Territory. It was named for James Earls, a local African American who had served as an orderly for Confederate General Joseph Wheeler during the Civil War. The spelling of the town name changed when the Earlsboro post office opened on June 12, 1895.
The town had an economic boom from the outset because Indian Territory was legally "dry," bot Oklahoma Territory was not. The first three businesses were saloons, and it was said that 90 percent of the merchants were engaged in liquor sales. By 1905, the town had a population estimated at 500. Many customers were visitors from Indian Territory.
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Edmond, Oklahoma
Edmond is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area in the central part of the state. As of the 2010 census, the population was 81,405, making it the sixth largest city in the state of Oklahoma.
The city limits are located on the northern border of Oklahoma City. Two major highways connect Edmond to downtown Oklahoma City: U.S. Route 77 (the Broadway Extension), which runs through the center of Edmond, and Interstate 35, which runs along the eastern side. Public transportation is provided by Citylink Edmond bus service.
In 2011, Edmond was #1 on CNBC's "10 Perfect Suburbs" list. Edmond was listed as one of the "Top 100 Places to Live in 2007" by Relocate America. Edmond was selected the most outstanding community in its class for five years in a row by the State Chamber of Commerce and State Industrial Development Department. Edmond residents have a choice from 57 Protestant and 2 Catholic congregations, 4 LDS church congregations, one Unitarian Universalist church, one Islamic mosque, and one Bahá'í center.
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El Reno, Oklahoma
El Reno is a city in Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States, in the central part of the state. A part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area, El Reno is 25 miles (40 km) west of downtown Oklahoma City. The population was 16,729 at the 2010 census.
El Reno is a historic community with many historic buildings, is the county seat of Canadian County, and the only city in Oklahoma to have a streetcar in operation in the downtown area. At one time it possessed a terminal and repair facility for the CRI&P (Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, or "Rock Island") railroad, which employed a large number of people. The CRI&P went bankrupt in 1975.
El Reno is located in the United States at the interchange of I-40 and U.S. Route 81. Redlands Community College is located in El Reno as is Canadian Valley Technology Center, which opened in 1970 and is directly on famed Route 66 (about three miles (5 Rkm) east of the city). El Reno is also home to a Federal Prison.
It was originally located about five miles (8 km) north of its present location, on the banks of the North Canadian river, bearing the name "Reno City," which caused its mail to get mixed up with mail for Reno, Nevada. After the second time the town was flooded, it was moved to its present location and changed its name to El Reno.
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Enid, Oklahoma
Enid (ē'nĭd) is a city in Garfield County, Oklahoma, United States. In 2010, the population was 49,379, making it the ninth largest city in Oklahoma. It is the county seat of Garfield County. Enid was founded during the opening of the Cherokee Outlet in the Land Run of 1893, and is named after Enid, a character in Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King. In 1991, the Oklahoma state legislature designated Enid the "Purple Martin Capital of Oklahoma." Enid holds the nickname of "Queen Wheat City" and "Wheat Capital" of Oklahoma and the United States for its immense grain storage capacity, and has the third largest grain storage capacity in the world.
In summer 1889, M.A. Low, a Rock Island official, visited the local railroad station then under construction, and inquired about its name. At that time, it was called Skeleton station. Disliking the original name, he renamed the station Enid after a character in Alfred Lord Tennyson's Idylls of the King. However, a more fanciful story of how the town received its name is much more popular. According to that tale, in the days following the land run, some enterprising settlers decided to set up a chuckwagon and cook for their fellow pioneers, hanging a sign that read "DINE". Some other, more free-spirited settlers, turned that sign upside down, to read, of course, "ENID". The name stuck.
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Etowah, Oklahoma
Etowah is a town in Cleveland County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 122 at the 2000 census.
Etowah is located at 35°8′5″N 97°10′7″W / 35.13472°N 97.16861°W / 35.13472; -97.16861 (35.134592, -97.168620).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.0 square miles (5.2 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 122 people, 42 households, and 34 families residing in the town. The population density was 59.4 people per square mile (23.0/km²). There were 44 housing units at an average density of 21.4 per square mile (8.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 93.44% White, 0.82% Native American, and 5.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.28% of the population.
There were 42 households out of which 45.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.6% were married couples living together, and 19.0% were non-families. 19.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 4.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.32.
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Fallis, Oklahoma
Fallis is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 28 at the 2000 census.
Fallis is located at 35°44′58″N 97°7′18″W / 35.74944°N 97.12167°W / 35.74944; -97.12167 (35.749471, -97.121665). Located in western Lincoln County, Fallis is situated on a paved county road five miles northwest of Wellston.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), all of it land.
Fallis was founded in 1892, just south of an Indian village on the western edge of the Iowa Reservation, in a wooded area and “on a long red hill.” Originally named Mission 1892-1894, it was renamed in 1894 for its for its prime developer and first postmaster, Judge William Henry Fallis. Although the town is mostly abandoned today, and is nearly a ghost town, during the early 1900's Fallis was a whistle-stop for several railroad lines, and was a thriving little community with stores, hotels, banks, lumber yards, and other businesses, as well as a city hall. The population may have reached 400 during this time. Fallis was the home of several accomplished authors and poets.
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Fort Worth, Texas
Fort Worth is the 16th-largest city in the United States of America and the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas. Located in North Central Texas, just southeast of the Texas Panhandle, the city is a cultural gateway into the American West and covers nearly 300 square miles (780 km2) in Tarrant, Denton, and Wise counties, serving as the seat for Tarrant County. According to the 2010 Census, Fort Worth had a population of 741,206. It has been estimated that by 2030 it will have 1,211,665 residents. The city is the second most populous in the Dallas–Fort Worth metropolitan area.
The city was established in 1849 as an Army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River. Today Fort Worth still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design.USS Fort Worth (LCS-3) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city.
Major General William Jenkins Worth (1794–1849) was second in command to General Zachary Taylor at the opening of the Mexican–American War in 1846. After the war, Worth was placed in command of the Department of Texas in 1849. In January 1849 Worth proposed a line of ten forts to mark the western Texas frontier from Eagle Pass to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the Trinity River. One month later Worth died from cholera. General William S. Harney assumed command of the Department of Texas and ordered Major Ripley A. Arnold to find a new fort site near the West Fork and Clear Fork. On June 6, 1849, Arnold established a camp on the bank of the Trinity River and named the post Camp Worth in honor of the late General Worth. In August 1849 Arnold moved the camp to the north-facing bluff which overlooked the mouth of the Clear Fork of the Trinity River.
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Four State Area
Coordinates: 37°04′40″N 94°30′40″W / 37.07776°N 94.511024°W / 37.07776; -94.511024
The Four State Area is a term used to describe the area where the borders of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri and Oklahoma abut. The Tulsa, Oklahoma; Joplin, Missouri; and Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, Arkansas metropolitan areas are located within the region. Notable cities and towns in the area are Tulsa, Oklahoma; Pittsburg, Kansas; Joplin, Missouri; and Fayetteville/Bentonville, Arkansas.
The area is partially located in the Ozarks. Oil and Gas production, as well as Coal mining were and continue to be a large part of the region's industry. Today, a major driver of the region's economy is Wal-Mart, the world's largest retail company, whose headquarters are in Bentonville. Also headquartered nearby in Northwest Arkansas are Tyson Foods, the world's largest processor of chicken, beef, and pork (Springdale); and major trucking and transportation company J. B. Hunt (Lowell). The city of Joplin, Missouri is the most centrally located city in the Four States Area.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Goldsby, Oklahoma
Goldsby is a town in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1,204 at the 2000 census.
Goldsby is located at 35°8′48″N 97°28′26″W / 35.14667°N 97.47389°W / 35.14667; -97.47389 (35.146712, -97.473764).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 19.3 square miles (50 km2), of which, 19.2 square miles (50 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.10%) is water.
Goldsby is closely tied to its neighbor to the south, Washington. As Goldsby has no post office, mail comes through the Washington post office (zip 73093). Also, Goldsby falls within the boundaries of the Washington public school district. However, Goldsby provides Washington with other resources such as fire department and water services. Both communities and their residents are listed in the nearby local Purcell area phone book.
The largest casino in Oklahoma (Riverwind Casino) is located in Goldsby on State Highway 9.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,204 people, 458 households, and 355 families residing in the town. The population density was 62.5 people per square mile (24.1/km²). There were 507 housing units at an average density of 26.3 per square mile (10.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 87.13% White, 5.15% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 4.65% from other races, and 2.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.73% of the population.
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Guthrie, Oklahoma
Guthrie (Pawnee: Ruhkarihraapi, Ruhkárihaapi ) is a city in and the county seat of Logan County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City Metroplex. The population was 10,191 at the 2010 census, a 2.7 percent increase from the 9,925 at the 2000 census.
Guthrie was the territorial and later the first state capital for Oklahoma. Guthrie is nationally significant because of its outstanding collection of late nineteenth and early twentieth-century commercial architecture. The Guthrie Historic District has been designated a National Historic Landmark.
Victorian architecture provides a unique backdrop for Wild West and territorial-style entertainment, carriage tours, replica trolley cars, specialty shops, and art galleries. The Masonic Temple is the world's largest conservatory.
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Hall Park
Hall Park was a town in Cleveland County, Oklahoma and part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. It began in the 1960s and is named after the founder Ike Hall. At the time of the 2000 census, the town population was 1,088.
Hall Park is notable for being established as Oklahoma's first "all-electric" town. Ronald Reagan, then a spokesman for General Electric, visited Hall Park upon its opening and was bestowed an honorary mayorship. Hall Park was unique in establishing common-area backyards, resulting in a very high rate of public space per square mile.
Financial and infrastructure troubles plagued Hall Park throughout its history. The arsenic groundwater regulations established in January, 2001 resulted in Hall Park's only independent water sources being declared in violation of federal drinking water standards.
In 2005, Hall Park was annexed by Norman, Oklahoma, and ceased to be a town, becoming instead a group of housing subdivisions. Ike Hall's daughter purchased the Hall Park water tower which now sits in her yard.
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Hall Park, Oklahoma
Hall Park was a town in Cleveland County, Oklahoma and part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. It began in the 1960s and is named after the founder Ike Hall. At the time of the 2000 census, the town population was 1,088.
Hall Park is notable for being established as Oklahoma's first "all-electric" town. Ronald Reagan, then a spokesman for General Electric, visited Hall Park upon its opening and was bestowed an honorary mayorship. Hall Park was unique in establishing common-area backyards, resulting in a very high rate of public space per square mile.
Financial and infrastructure troubles plagued Hall Park throughout its history. The arsenic groundwater regulations established in January, 2001 resulted in Hall Park's only independent water sources being declared in violation of federal drinking water standards.
In 2005, Hall Park was annexed by Norman, Oklahoma, and ceased to be a town, becoming instead a group of housing subdivisions. Ike Hall's daughter purchased the Hall Park water tower which now sits in her yard.
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Harrah, Oklahoma
Harrah is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. Located 25 miles (40 km) east of downtown Oklahoma City, Harrah had a population of 5,148 people as of 2009.
Harrah is located at 35°28′34″N 97°11′2″W / 35.47611°N 97.18389°W / 35.47611; -97.18389 (35.476163, -97.183803).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.9 square miles (31 km2), all land. The city's elevation is 925 feet (282 m) above sea level.
The land that would become the town of Harrah had its first settler, Louis Navarre, in the 1870s. Two decades later, E.W. Sweeney began the operation of a ferry in 1891. Frank Harrah, for whom the town is named, purchased 40 acres (160,000 m2) from Louis Navarre's allotement in April 1898 and early settlers included a large number of Poles.
Originally named Sweeney, the town was renamed Harrah on December 22, 1898 and was incorporated in 1908. The town was to be named Clubb, but an early dispute among settlers resulted in the name of Harrah.
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Japan
Japan
i/dʒəˈpæn/ (Japanese: 日本 Nihon or Nippon; formally 日本国 
Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally the State of Japan) is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku, together accounting for ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 127 million people. The Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.
Archaeological research indicates that people lived in Japan as early as the Upper Paleolithic period. The first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other nations followed by long periods of isolation has characterized Japan's history. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victory in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Since adopting its revised constitution in 1947, Japan has maintained a unitary constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament called the Diet.
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Johnson, Oklahoma
Johnson is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 247 at the 2010 census, a 10.8 percent increase from 223 at the 2000 census.
Johnson is located at 35°25′4″N 96°49′59″W / 35.41778°N 96.83306°W / 35.41778; -96.83306 (35.417703, -96.832953).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 4.0 square miles (10 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 223 people, 91 households, and 73 families residing in the town. The population density was 56.5 people per square mile (21.8/km²). There were 105 housing units at an average density of 26.6 per square mile (10.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.13% White, 1.35% African American, 15.25% Native American, 2.24% Asian, and 4.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.79% of the population.
There were 91 households out of which 26.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 14.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18.7% were non-families. 14.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.65.
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Jones, Oklahoma
Jones is a town in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 2,517 at the 2000 census.
Originally known as Glaze, Jones was platted as a townsite on April 22, 1898 by Luther F. Aldrich before the St. Louis and Oklahoma City Railroad constructed a line from Sapulpa to Oklahoma City. Aldrich named the town after his friend and business associate, Charles G. "Gristmill" Jones who was a three-time mayor of Oklahoma City. Jones later named his eldest son Luther.
Jones is located just south of the place that Washington Irving described as "The Ringing of Horses" in the book A Tour on the Prairies (1835)
Jones was incorporated as a city on January 4, 1909. The 1910 Census counted the population at 163.
In December 2007, a devastating ice storm hit much of Oklahoma. It resulted in a fire at Jones High School, causing the school to burn to the ground. The new school was finished in 2010, after taking three years to build. The new school has a commons area and a theatre for drama club.
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Kay County, Oklahoma
Kay County is a county located in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of 2010, the population was 46,562. Its county seat is Newkirk. The largest city in Kay County is Ponca City.
Located in north central Oklahoma bordering Kansas, Kay County was formed from the “Cherokee Strip” or “Cherokee Outlet.” Originally designated as county “K,” its name means simply that.
In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed north to south through Kay County.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 945 square miles (2,447.5 km2), of which 919 square miles (2,380.2 km2) is land and 26 square miles (67.3 km2) (2.80%) is water. Kay County is the only county to keep its same name ("K" County) as the Oklahoma area moved from a territory to a state. The highest point in Kay County, Oklahoma, is on Hubbard Road. The elevation is 1,011 feet above sea level. To the north is the nearby state of Kansas and its eastern boundary is physio-natural formed by Kaw Lake and the Arkansas River.
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Kendrick, Oklahoma
Kendrick is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 138 at the 2000 census.
Kendrick is located at 35°47′7″N 96°46′31″W / 35.78528°N 96.77528°W / 35.78528; -96.77528 (35.785346, -96.775171).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 138 people, 52 households, and 39 families residing in the town. The population density was 965.4 people per square mile (380.6/km²). There were 62 housing units at an average density of 433.7 per square mile (171.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 78.26% White, 2.90% African American, 15.22% Native American, and 3.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.62% of the population.
There were 52 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.6% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.65 and the average family size was 3.15.
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Lake Aluma, Oklahoma
Lake Aluma is a town in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 97 at the 2000 census.
Lake Aluma is located at 35°31′54″N 97°26′54″W / 35.53167°N 97.44833°W / 35.53167; -97.44833 (35.531632, -97.448272).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), of which, 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (7.41%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 97 people, 40 households, and 33 families residing in the town. The population density was 385.7 people per square mile (149.8/km²). There were 41 housing units at an average density of 163.0 per square mile (63.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 92.78% White, 3.09% Asian, and 4.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.03% of the population.
There were 40 households out of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 82.5% were married couples living together, and 17.5% were non-families. 12.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.67.
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Langston, Oklahoma
Langston is a town in Logan County, Oklahoma, United States, and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 1,724 at the 2010 census, an increase of 3.2 percent from 1,670 at the 2000 census. Langston is home to Langston University, the only historically black college in Oklahoma.
Langston is located at 35°56′29″N 97°15′28″W / 35.94139°N 97.25778°W / 35.94139; -97.25778 (35.941398, -97.257846).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.9 square miles (4.9 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,670 people, 199 households, and 92 families residing in the town. The population density was 896.5 people per square mile (346.7/km²). There were 246 housing units at an average density of 132.1 per square mile (51.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 3.29% White, 93.29% African American, 1.26% Native American, 0.24% from other races, and 1.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.32% of the population.
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Lawton, Oklahoma
The city of Lawton (Pawnee: Raaríhtaaruʾ ) is the county seat of Comanche County, in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. Located in the southwestern region of Oklahoma, approximately 80 miles (130 km) southwest of Oklahoma City, it is the principal city of the Lawton Oklahoma Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to the 2010 US Census, Lawton's population was 96,867, making it the fifth largest city in the state.
Built on former reservation lands of Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians, Lawton was founded on August 6, 1901, and was named after Major General Henry Ware Lawton, a Civil War Medal of Honor recipient who was killed in action in the Philippine–American War. Lawton's landscape is typical of the Great Plains with flat topography and gently rolling hills, while the area north of the city is marked by the Wichita Mountains.
The city's proximity to Fort Sill Military Reservation gave Lawton economic and population stability in the region throughout the 20th century. Although Lawton's economy is still largely dependent on Fort Sill, it has also grown to encompass manufacturing, higher education, health care, and retail. The city's government is run by a council-manager government consisting of a city manager and a city council headed by a mayor. Interstate 44 and three major United States Highways serve the city, while Lawton-Fort Sill Regional Airport connects Lawton by air. Recreation can be found at the city's many parks, lakes, museums, and festivals. Notable residents of the city include many musical and literary artists as well as several professional athletes.
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Lexington, Oklahoma
Lexington is a city in Cleveland County, Oklahoma, United States. The city population was 2,152 at the 2010 census. Sperling Best Places reports that over 7400 residents live in the Lexington Zip code
Lexington is located at 35°0′55″N 97°20′10″W / 35.01528°N 97.33611°W / 35.01528; -97.33611. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.1 square miles (5.4 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2010 there were 2,152 people, 761 households, and 541 families residing in the city. The population density was 979.3 people per square mile (378.1/km²). There were 842 housing units at an average density of 395.3 per square mile (152.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.62% White, 0.58% African American, 6.47% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 3.74% from other races, and 3.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.29% of the population.
There were 761 households out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 13.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.06.
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Luther, Oklahoma
Luther is a town in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 612 at the 2000 census.
Luther is located at 35°39′38″N 97°11′29″W / 35.66056°N 97.19139°W / 35.66056; -97.19139 (35.660659, -97.191521).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 4.5 square miles (12 km2), all of it land. The town has a known speed trap on the historic Route 66 portion of the town, which helps fund many of the town's services.
As of the census of 2000, there were 612 people, 228 households, and 163 families residing in the town. The population density was 136.5 people per square mile (52.7/km²). There were 266 housing units at an average density of 59.3 per square mile (22.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 77.78% White, 11.11% African American, 5.88% Native American, 0.82% from other races, and 4.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.63% of the population.
There were 228 households out of which 39.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.5% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.22.
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Macomb, Oklahoma
Macomb is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 32 at the 2010 census. This was a decline of 47.5 percent from 61 at the 2000 census.
Macomb is located at 35°8′52″N 97°0′30″W / 35.14778°N 97.00833°W / 35.14778; -97.00833 (35.147841, -97.008391).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 61 people, 26 households, and 20 families residing in the town. The population density was 610 people per square mile. There were 26 housing units at an average density of 294.3 per square mile (111.5/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 85.2% White, 1.6% African American, 9.8% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.8% of the population.
There were 20 households out of which 45.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 20.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.0% were non-families. 10.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.05 and the average family size was 3.18.
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Marshall, Oklahoma
Marshall is a rural town in Logan County, Oklahoma, United States, and is an outer suburb/exurb on the northern edge of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 258 at the 2000 census. The population for the Marshall U.S. postal zipcode is just under 1,000 residents.
Marshall began as a community when the Unassigned Lands were opened for settlement in 1889. Sylvan T. Rice opened a post office in 1890. Rice was from Marshalltown, Iowa and named the new town Marshall after his home town. He also opened the first store in 1894. The town boomed after the opening of the Cherokee Strip in 1893.
The Denver, Enid and Gulf Railroad built a track nearby a few years later in 1902 a 1/2 mile from town so the entire town moved to be near the railroad. Marshall was incorporated in 1903. The railroad was bought by the Eastern Oklahoma Railroad Company in 1907, which resold it to the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad in the same year.
Famous Oklahoma author Dr. Angie Debo was from Marshall, Oklahoma. She died in 1988. She has written many books about the fate of Indians. Her portrait hangs in the Oklahoma Capitol. Miss Debo wrote a book called Prairie City which was loosely based on Marshall. Marshall started a town celebration in 1968 in honor of Miss Debo called Prairie City Days.
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Maud, Oklahoma
Maud is a city on the boundary between Pottawatomie and Seminole counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 1,048 at the 2010 census, a 7.8 percent decrease from 1,136 at the 2000 census. The town was named for Maud Stearns, a sister to the wives of two men who owned the first general store.
This community was established by 1890 on the dividing line between Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory. In 1890, a barbed-wire fence was built along the street now called Broadway from the North Canadian River to the Canadian River to keep the Native Americans out of Oklahoma Territory. However, the fence failed to prevent the illegal sale of alcohol to residents of Indian Territory.
A post office was established on April 16, 1896. A railroad station was built by the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway in 1903. The first newspaper, Maud Monitor, appeared in 1904, and the city was incorporated July 21, 1905. The 1910 census showed a population of 503.
Maud became a boom town in the early 1920s because oil was disovered nearby. The peak population was estimated at ten thousand. The boom was short-lived and the city population was only 4,326 at the 1930 census.
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McLoud, Oklahoma
McLoud is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States, and is part of the Oklahoma City Consolidated Metropolitan Area. The population was 4,044 at the 2010 census, a 14.0 percent increase from 3,548 at the 2000 census.
Early day McLoud was known for manufacturing and selling Whiskey to whites and American Indians in dry Indian Territory. Located on the North Canadian River, the original town was destroyed in a flood and was rebuilt on higher ground one mile south.
In June 1895, a post office named McCloud was established for the town, named after railroad attorney John William McLoud. The spelling of the name was corrected in October 1895.
In 1949, the city was recognized as the "Blackberry Capital of the World" when the Chamber of Commerce sent a crate of blackberries to President Harry S. Truman.
McLoud is located at 35°24′44″N 97°5′54″W / 35.41222°N 97.09833°W / 35.41222; -97.09833 (35.412200, -97.098400).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 18.4 square miles (48 km2), of which, 18.3 square miles (47 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.43%) is water.
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Meeker, Oklahoma
Meeker is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 978 at the 2000 census.
Meeker is located at 35°29′50″N 96°53′50″W / 35.49722°N 96.89722°W / 35.49722; -96.89722 (35.497295, -96.897114).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2), of which, 3.2 square miles (8.3 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (0.63%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 978 people, 409 households, and 269 families residing in the town. The population density was 309.1 people per square mile (119.5/km²). There were 478 housing units at an average density of 151.1 per square mile (58.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 84.56% White, 0.72% African American, 9.82% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.20% from other races, and 4.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.33% of the population.
There were 409 households out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.0% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.02.
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Mexico
Mexico (i/ˈmɛksɨkoʊ/; Spanish: México, IPA: [ˈmexiko] ( listen)), officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (help·info)), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States of America; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the thirteenth largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
In Pre-Columbian Mexico many cultures matured into advanced civilizations such as the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, the Maya and the Aztec before the first contact with Europeans. In 1521, Spain conquered and colonized the territory from its base in México-Tenochtitlan, which was administered as the Viceroyalty of New Spain. This territory would eventually become Mexico as the colony's independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was characterized by economic instability, the Mexican-American War and territorial cession to the United States, a civil war, two empires and a domestic dictatorship. The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. Elections held in July 2000 marked the first time that an opposition party won the presidency from the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
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Minco, Oklahoma
Minco is a city in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1,672 at the 2000 census.
The town was originally included in the Chickasaw Nation, and is believed to be named after the great Chickasaw chief and warrior, Itawamba Minco, who later acquired the name of Levi Colbert. A county in Mississippi is named after the chief who resided in nearby Monroe county near Cotton Gin Port.
Minco was originally settled sometime around 1890, several years before Oklahoma achieved statehood. In its early stages it was a very busy town because of its location at the end of the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Co. until the railroad was extended further south two years later. Charles B. Campbell owned the occupancy rights of the land that the town was built on. His wife was Miss Maggie (Margaret) Williams, a daughter of W. G. (Caddo Bill) Williams, owner of the Half Moon Ranch, who started Silver City in 1872 by building a trading store for those cattlemen driving their herds of cattle up the Chisholm Trail.
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Moore, OK
Moore is a city in Cleveland County, Oklahoma and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 55,081 at the 2010 census, making it the seventh largest city in the state of Oklahoma.
Situated next to the northern boundary of Cleveland County, Moore is the second largest city in the county and the seventh largest city in the state. Moore was once known for as sleeping community is now known for its fine dining, entertainment and shopping. Moore is less than twenty minutes from downtown Oklahoma City, Will Rogers World Airport, Tinker Air Force Base, the University of Oklahoma, the Federal Aviation Administration's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, and thousands of businesses, industries, public and private schools, as well as recreational and cultural facilities.
The city of Moore has been damaged by significant tornadoes on October 4, 1998, May 3, 1999, May 8, 2003, and May 10, 2010. The May 3, 1999 tornado that hit Moore was rated an F5 on the Fujita scale, and was one of the strongest and most destructive tornadoes in history. The tornado, which occurred during the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, had an approximate recorded wind speed of 318 mph (512 km/h), the highest speed on the first F-Scale, left a swath of destruction over 1 mile (1.6 km) wide at times, and 38 miles (60 km) long. It killed a total of 36 people in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. This was the deadliest F5 tornado recorded since the Delhi, Louisiana tornado in 1971 although several tornadoes from 2011 eclipsed this mark.
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Moore, Oklahoma
Moore is a city in Cleveland County, Oklahoma and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 55,081 at the 2010 census, making it the seventh largest city in the state of Oklahoma.
Situated next to the northern boundary of Cleveland County, Moore is the second largest city in the county and the seventh largest city in the state. Moore was once known for as sleeping community is now known for its fine dining, entertainment and shopping. Moore is less than twenty minutes from downtown Oklahoma City, Will Rogers World Airport, Tinker Air Force Base, the University of Oklahoma, the Federal Aviation Administration's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, and thousands of businesses, industries, public and private schools, as well as recreational and cultural facilities.
The city of Moore has been damaged by significant tornadoes on October 4, 1998, May 3, 1999, May 8, 2003, and May 10, 2010. The May 3, 1999 tornado that hit Moore was rated an F5 on the Fujita scale, and was one of the strongest and most destructive tornadoes in history. The tornado, which occurred during the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, had an approximate recorded wind speed of 318 mph (512 km/h), the highest speed on the first F-Scale, left a swath of destruction over 1 mile (1.6 km) wide at times, and 38 miles (60 km) long. It killed a total of 36 people in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. This was the deadliest F5 tornado recorded since the Delhi, Louisiana tornado in 1971 although several tornadoes from 2011 eclipsed this mark.
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Mulhall, Oklahoma
Mulhall is a town in Logan and Payne counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 225 at the 2010 census, down 5.9 percent from 239 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The town began as a railroad station for the Santa Fe railroad, and was named Alfred, for the son of an attorney.The town is named after Zach Mulhall, father of Lucille Mulhall who was the first official 'cowgirl' to actually compete against men in rodeo events and win. The town name was changed from Alfred to Mulhall due to a petition made by Zach to the railroad shortly after the land run of 1889 because there were two towns named 'Alfred' at that time.
Zach Mulhall hosted his own show for many years across the country with Lucille starring in those shows along with her siblings. Zach and the Mulhall family were also friends with the Miller Brothers of 101 Ranch Fame in nearby Ponca City and often performed with them and shared talent for their shows when needed. Will Rogers and Tom Mix were also integral parts of the early years of the shows and Will (then performing under the stage name, "The Cherokee Kid}") is credited with teaching Lucille how to twirl-another talent for which she was known.
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Mustang, Oklahoma
Mustang is a growing suburban city in Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 17,395 at the 2010 census.
Mustang is a fast growing community, 15 miles southwest of downtown Oklahoma City. It is located in the southeast portion of Canadian County, one of the fastest growing counties in the state.
Mustang, Oklahoma is the home base of the Canadian Valley Rangerettes Mounted Drill Team. The Rangerettes are the three time USEDC National Open Drill Champions. The team captured the sport's highest prize, The SportsQuest Cup, in 2008, 2009 and 2011.
Mustang is located at 35°23′34″N 97°43′22″W / 35.39278°N 97.72278°W / 35.39278; -97.72278 (35.392644, -97.722905).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.0 square miles (31 km2), of which, 12.0 square miles (31 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it is water. The total area is 0.25% water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 13,156 people, 4,721 households, and 3,800 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,095.9 people per square mile (422.9/km²). There were 4,930 housing units at an average density of 410.7 per square mile (158.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.63% White, 0.59% African American, 3.33% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.09% Pacific Islander, 0.78% from other races, and 3.08% from two or more races. 3.01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
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Newcastle, Oklahoma
Newcastle is the largest city in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 7,685 at the 2010 census.
Newcastle is located at 35°14′50.82″N 97°36′.22″W / 35.24745°N 97.6000611°W / 35.24745; -97.6000611 (35.145082, -97.360022).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62.5 square miles (162 km2), of which, 55.8 square miles (145 km2) of it is land and 6.7 square miles (17 km2) of it (6.01%) is water.
Newcastle is considered to be part of a rapidly growing area of northern McClain and Grady Counties. Newcastle also is a part of an area known as the "Tri-City Area" with Tuttle and Blanchard. Newcastle also serves as the largest incorporated community in McClain County.
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,685 people, 2,839 households, and 2,271 families residing in the city. The population density was 122.9 people per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 84.53% White, 0.53% African American, 5.26% Native American, 0.32% Asian and 10.30% from other races from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.31% of the population.
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Ninnekah, Oklahoma
Ninnekah is a town in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 994 at the 2000 census.
Ninnekah is located at 34°57′25″N 97°56′6″W / 34.95694°N 97.935°W / 34.95694; -97.935 (34.956883, -97.935011).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 10.2 square miles (26 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 994 people, 400 households, and 304 families residing in the town. The population density was 97.7 people per square mile (37.7/km²). There were 440 housing units at an average density of 43.3 per square mile (16.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 89.44% White, 0.60% African American, 3.82% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.50% from other races, and 5.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.91% of the population.
There were 400 households out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.0% were married couples living together, 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.0% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.85.
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Noble, OK
Noble is a city in Cleveland County, Oklahoma, United States, and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 6,481 at the 2010 census. Currently, Noble is Cleveland County's third-largest city behind Norman and Moore.
On April 22, 1889, the day the infamous "Oklahoma Land Run" opened the Indian Territory to settlers, JW Klinglesmith, Albert Rennie and several other businessmen forded the South Canadian River and laid claim to the 160-acre town site that was to become Noble, Oklahoma. The town was named in honor of Secretary of the Interior John Noble, who was instrumental in opening the land for settlement. The group had great plans for Noble, hoping it would become the future county seat.
The Santa Fe Railroad completed a railroad depot in Noble in August of 1889. For several years, Noble was a major shipping point for cattle and other goods from both sides of the Canadian River. Business prospered even more when Charles Edwin Garee built a new suspension toll bridge across the Canadian River in 1898.
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Noble, Oklahoma
Noble is a city in Cleveland County, Oklahoma, United States, and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 6,481 at the 2010 census. Currently, Noble is Cleveland County's third-largest city behind Norman and Moore.
On April 22, 1889, the day the infamous "Oklahoma Land Run" opened the Indian Territory to settlers, JW Klinglesmith, Albert Rennie and several other businessmen forded the South Canadian River and laid claim to the 160-acre town site that was to become Noble, Oklahoma. The town was named in honor of Secretary of the Interior John Noble, who was instrumental in opening the land for settlement. The group had great plans for Noble, hoping it would become the future county seat.
The Santa Fe Railroad completed a railroad depot in Noble in August of 1889. For several years, Noble was a major shipping point for cattle and other goods from both sides of the Canadian River. Business prospered even more when Charles Edwin Garee built a new suspension toll bridge across the Canadian River in 1898.
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Norge, Oklahoma
Norge is a town in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 82 at the 2000 census.
Norge is located at 34°59′19″N 97°59′46″W / 34.98861°N 97.99611°W / 34.98861; -97.99611 (34.988552, -97.996090).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 82 people, 29 households, and 24 families residing in the town. The population density was 826.5 people per square mile (316.6/km²). There were 33 housing units at an average density of 332.6 per square mile (127.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 87.80% White, 6.10% Native American, 3.66% from other races, and 2.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.66% of the population.
There were 29 households out of which 44.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.0% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.8% were non-families. 13.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.08.
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Norman High School
Norman High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school in Norman, Oklahoma with a steady enrollment of 1,945 students. It is accredited by North Central Association, the Oklahoma State Department of Education and the Oklahoma Secondary School Activities Association. The school year consists of two 15-week semesters with a 6 class flexible schedule, consisting of 52 minute periods. Norman High School is part of the Norman Independent School District No. 29 of Cleveland County, Oklahoma, more commonly known as Norman Public Schools (NPS). Norman High was ranked as one of the top 1,400 high schools in the United States in 2009.
Norman High School's history began in 1890 with the construction of the township's first high school, located at what was then the west side of the city. The institution enjoyed the honor of being the only educational facility in Norman, tutoring students from elementary through high school. In the early 1900s, the original high school building burned down following an attempt to condemn the school. After the fire, there were no official high school buildings for 15–19 years. During this time, students were taught in homes, businesses, churches and other facilities. The second structure to house Norman High was located off of Porter Avenue and later would become Central Mid-High, and later Longfellow Middle School. This was the high school of Norman for the next 22 years until the current building was built in 1954.
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Norman, Oklahoma
Norman ( /ˈnɔrmən/) is a city in the state of Oklahoma that is located 20 miles (30 km) south of downtown Oklahoma City. It is part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. With a population of 110,925 as of the 2010 census, Norman is the third-largest city in Oklahoma and the 235th-largest city in the United States. The city serves as the county seat of Cleveland County.
Norman was settled during the Land Run of 1889, which opened the former Indian Territory and Unassigned Lands to American pioneer settlement. The city was named in honor of its first land surveyor, Abner Norman, and was formally incorporated on May 13, 1891. Today the city is known for its higher education and related research industries. Norman is home to the University of Oklahoma, the largest university in the state with approximately 30,000 students enrolled. The university is well known for its sporting events, with over 80,000 people routinely attending football games. The university is also home to several museums including the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, which contains the largest collection of French Impressionist art ever given to an American university.
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Okarche, Oklahoma
Okarche is a town in Canadian and Kingfisher counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and a part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 1,110 at the 2000 census.
The Area: Okarche is located on land that, before 1830, was within the historic area of the Wichita Indians. The location was in territory assigned to the Creek and Seminole people when removal of tribes from the southeastern United States began in 1830. After the Civil War, parts of Indian Territory were designated for resettlement of Plains Indians. The site of the future town of Okarche was just inside the eastern border of the Cheyenne and Arapaho reservation.
From 1867 to 1884, cattle were driven through the area on the Chisholm Trail from Texas to railheads in Kansas. Later the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway, and what would become US highway 81 would follow roughly the same route through Oklahoma Territory.
The Town: On March 2, 1887, the U.S. Congress approved construction of a railroad through Indian Territory. The Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway was given a 100 foot right of way through the territory and authorized to take additional right of way for stations every 10 miles of track. Railway assets would be turned over to the CRI&P in June 1890. Construction proceeded southward from Caldwell, Kansas and was completed to Pond Creek by April 1889 and to El Reno in January 1890. The railway depot where Okarche was platted would be completed at that time.
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Oklahoma
Oklahoma (i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/) (Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa , Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh ) is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people", and it is known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State. Formed by the combination of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans or, informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.
A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agriculture, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology. It has one of the fastest growing economies in the nation, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth and gross domestic product growth. Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly 60 percent of Oklahomans living in their metropolitan statistical areas.
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Oklahoma City
Oklahoma City (Pawnee: Uukuhuuwasiri ) is the capital and the largest city in the US state of Oklahoma. The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 31st among United States cities in population. The city's population, from the 2010 census, was 579,999, with a metro-area population of 1,252,987 . In 2010, the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,322,249 residents. Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside of the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed). The city ranks as the eighth-largest city in the United States by land area (including consolidated city-counties; it is the largest city in the United States by land area whose government is not consolidated with that of a county).
Oklahoma City features one of the largest livestock markets in the world. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products and related industries are the largest sector of the local economy. The city is situated in the middle of an active oil field and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs large numbers of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center. (These two sites house several offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively.)
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Oklahoma Panhandle
The Oklahoma Panhandle is the extreme western region of the state of Oklahoma, comprising Cimarron County, Texas County, and Beaver County. Its name comes from the similarity of shape to the handle of a cooking pan.
The three-county Oklahoma Panhandle region had a population of 28,751 at the 2010 census, representing 0.77% of the state's population. This is a decrease in total population of 1.2%, a loss of 361 people, from the census of 2000.
The Panhandle, 166 miles long and 34 miles wide, is bordered by Kansas and Colorado at 37°N on the north, New Mexico at 103°W on the west, Texas at 36.5°N on the south, and the remainder of Oklahoma at 100°W on the east. The largest town in the region is Guymon, which is the county seat of Texas County. Black Mesa, the highest point in Oklahoma, is located in Cimarron County. The Panhandle occupies nearly all of the true High Plains within the state of Oklahoma, being the only part of the state lying west of the 100th Meridian, which generally marks the westernmost extent of moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. The North Canadian River is named Beaver River or Beaver Creek on its course through the Panhandle. Its land area is 5,686.56 square miles (14,728.12 km²), which is larger than that of the state of Connecticut, and comprises 8.28 percent of Oklahoma's land area.
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Orlando, Oklahoma
Orlando is a town in Logan and Payne counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The population was 201 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Orlando is located at 36°8′54″N 97°22′39″W / 36.14833°N 97.3775°W / 36.14833; -97.3775 (36.148267, -97.377512). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 201 people, 74 households, and 52 families residing in the town. The population density was 942.5 people per square mile (369.6/km²). There were 88 housing units at an average density of 412.6 per square mile (161.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 86.07% White, 9.95% Native American, 1.00% Asian, and 2.99% from two or more races.
There were 74 households out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.4% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.7% were non-families. 25.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.29.
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Ouachita Mountains
The Ouachita Mountains (/ˈwɒʃɨtɔː/WOSH-i-taw) are a mountain range in west central Arkansas and southeastern Oklahoma. The range's subterranean roots may extend as far as central Texas, or beyond it to the current location of the Marathon Uplift. Along with the Ozark Mountains, the Ouachita Mountains form the U.S. Interior Highlands, one of the few major mountainous regions between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains. The highest peak in the Ouachitas is Mount Magazine in west-central Arkansas which rises to 2,753 feet (839 m).
The word Ouachita is composed of two Choctaw words: ouac, a buffalo, and chito, large. It means the country of large buffaloes, numerous herds of those animals having formerly covered the prairies of Ouachita.
The Ouachita Mountains are a physiographic section of the larger Ouachita province (which includes both the Ouachita Mountains and the Arkansas Valley), which in turn is part of the larger Interior Highlands physiographic division.
The Ouachita Mountains are fold mountains like the Appalachian Mountains to the east, and were originally part of that range. During the Pennsylvanian part of the Carboniferous period, about 300 million years ago, the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico ran through the central parts of Arkansas. The South American Plate drifted northward, riding up over the denser North American continental crust. Geologists call this collision the Ouachita orogeny. The collision buckled the overriding plate, producing the fold mountains we call the Ouachitas. At one time the Ouachita Mountains were very similar in height to the current elevations of the Rocky Mountains. Because of the Ouachitas' age, the craggy tops have eroded away, leaving the low formations that used to be the heart of the mountains.
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Piedmont, Oklahoma
Piedmont is a city in Canadian and Kingfisher counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and it is a part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 3,650 at the 2000 census. Piedmont is a Home Rule City served by a Council-Manager Government.
Piedmont is located at 35°40′15″N 97°45′7″W / 35.67083°N 97.75194°W / 35.67083; -97.75194 (35.670849, -97.751903).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 43.9 square miles (113.8 km²), of which, 43.8 square miles (113.5 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km²) of it (0.23%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,650 people, 1,226 households, and 1,083 families residing in the city. The population density was 83.3 people per square mile (32.2/km²). There were 1,270 housing units at an average density of 29.0 per square mile (11.2/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.29% White, 0.47% African American, 2.90% Native American, 0.03% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.85% from other races, and 2.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.27% of the population.
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Pink, Oklahoma
Pink is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States, and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 2,058 at the 2010 census, a 76.7 percent increase from 1,165 at the 2000 census.
A post office named Pink was established in January 1894, but was discontinued in January 1897. It was reestablished in 1901, but discontinued again in 1906. According to the Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture, the town name may have been chosen because there was another town named Brown, in the same township and range.
The town incorporated in the late 1960s.
Pink is located at 35°13′56″N 97°6′25″W / 35.23222°N 97.10694°W / 35.23222; -97.10694 (35.232145, -97.107072).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 26.0 square miles (67 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,165 people, 430 households, and 338 families residing in the town. The population density was 44.9 people per square mile (17.3/km²). There were 466 housing units at an average density of 18.0 per square mile (6.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 83.09% White, 0.77% African American, 8.67% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.26% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 6.27% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.09% of the population.
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Pocasset, Oklahoma
Pocasset is a town in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 192 at the 2000 census.
Pocasset is located at 35°11′38″N 97°57′14″W / 35.19389°N 97.95389°W / 35.19389; -97.95389 (35.193955, -97.953891).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 192 people, 75 households, and 54 families residing in the town. The population density was 402.5 people per square mile (154.4/km²). There were 93 housing units at an average density of 195.0 per square mile (74.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 91.67% White, 2.60% Native American, 2.60% from other races, and 3.12% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.77% of the population.
There were 75 households out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.0% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.09.
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Prague, Oklahoma
Prague ( /ˈpreɪɡ/) is a city in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 2,138 at the 2000 census.
Prague is located at 35°29′10″N 96°41′16″W / 35.48611°N 96.68778°W / 35.48611; -96.68778 (35.486092, -96.687792).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.8 square miles (4.7 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,138 people, 864 households, and 567 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,211.6 people per square mile (469.0/km²). There were 1,021 housing units at an average density of 578.6 per square mile (224.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 83.07% White, 3.70% African American, 9.92% Native American, 0.33% Asian, 0.09% from other races, and 2.90% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.12% of the population.
There were 864 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.9% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.3% were non-families. 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.91.
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Purcell, Oklahoma
Purcell is located in the outer south suburban area of Oklahoma City. It is called the "Quarterhorse Capital of the World" and the "Heart of Oklahoma". It is the county seat of McClain County (pop.37,500), Oklahoma, United States; it also extends a short distance into Cleveland County. The population was 5,884 at the 2010 census with 10,880 residents in the zip code (Bestplaces.net). Purcell is located along the I-35 Corridor in the central part of the state, on a bluff overlooking the Canadian River valley within the Interior Plains region. Purcell is the hub for a micropolitan retail trade area of 40,607 (Bestplaces.net) at the southern edge of the seven-county central Oklahoma/Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area with close economic ties to its neighbor to the north Norman and a hilltop view of the University of Oklahoma. The official motto and registered trademark for Purcell is "Heart of Oklahoma" Purcell and neighboring Lexington OK were key points of interest in the Oklahoma Land Run of 1889.
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Rosedale, Oklahoma
Rosedale is a town in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 66 at the 2000 census.
Rosedale is located at 34°55′08″N 97°11′06″W / 34.918793°N 97.184869°W / 34.918793; -97.184869.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2), all of it land.
Rosedale is located along State Highway 59.
As of the census of 2000, there were 66 people, 26 households, and 19 families residing in the town. The population density was 855.3 people per square mile (318.5/km2). There were 31 housing units at an average density of 401.7 per square mile (149.6/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 86.36% White, 6.06% from other races, and 7.58% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21.21% of the population.
There were 26 households out of which 38.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 61.5% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.9% were non-families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.11.
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Shawnee, Oklahoma
Shawnee is a city in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 29,857 at the 2010 census, a 4.0 percent increase from 28,692 at the 2000 census. The city is part of the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area; it is also the county seat of Pottawatomie County and the principal city of the Shawnee Micropolitan Statistical Area.
Located on Interstate 40, Shawnee is just 30 minutes east of the attractions in downtown Oklahoma City. To the east and northeast, the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System offers barge access to the Gulf of Mexico.
Shawnee is located at 35°20′33″N 96°56′2″W / 35.3425°N 96.93389°W / 35.3425; -96.93389 (35.342474, -96.933775).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 44.7 square miles (116 km2).About 42.3 square miles (110 km2) of it is land and 2.4 square miles (6.2 km2) of it (5.37%) is water.
After the Land Run of 1891, four settlers (Etta B. Ray, Henry G. Beard, James T. Farrall, and Elijah A. Alley) each staked a quarter section in the proposed city of Brockway. Following an all-night discussion among early settlers who had their own ideas for the town's name, a compromise was reached, and the town was named Shawnee after the American Indian Tribe.
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Sparks, Oklahoma
Sparks is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 137 at the 2000 census. The center of population of Oklahoma is located in Sparks [1].
Sparks is located at 35°36′35″N 96°49′11″W / 35.60972°N 96.81972°W / 35.60972; -96.81972 (35.609854, -96.819861).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2), of which, 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2) of it is land and 2.50% is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 137 people, 55 households, and 37 families residing in the town. The population density was 354.6 people per square mile (135.6/km²). There were 73 housing units at an average density of 188.9 per square mile (72.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 81.75% White, 3.65% African American, 11.68% Native American, and 2.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.73% of the population.
There were 55 households out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.7% were non-families. 29.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.08.
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Spencer, Oklahoma
Spencer is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. The population was 3,746 at the 2000 census.
Established in 1903, the City of Spencer is a historic community located just east of the North Canadian River. Spencer is approximately ten miles from downtown Oklahoma City and borders the City of Nicoma Park to the east and the City of Midwest City to the south.
Contributing to the cultural fabric of Spencer are the Spencer Chamber of Commerce, the Spencer Garden Club, and the Spencer Historical Society.
The region where Spencer was developed was opened to settlement in the Land Run of 1889. Louis F. and Henry W. Kramer, businessmen originally from Spencer County, Indiana, who first arrived in Guthrie in 1889 and then to Oklahoma City.
Originally an agricultural area, Spencer grew after World War II with the nearby General Motors Assembly Plant and Tinker Air Force Base offering employment.
Spencer is located at 35°30′28″N 97°22′14″W / 35.50778°N 97.37056°W / 35.50778; -97.37056 (35.507760, -97.370662).
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St. Louis, Oklahoma
St. Louis is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 158 at the 2010 census, a 23.3 percent decline from 206 at the 2000 census. Karen Sue Goodnight is the current leader of St. Louis, Oklahoma and her cousin Zelda is the treasurer.
St. Louis originally began in 1906 as a community named Simpsonville when J. R. Simpson opened a cotton gin, a gristmill and then a general store. It is unclear when the name of the community was changed to St. Louis. A town plat was not filed until 1927 and a post office was established in 1928.
Except for a brief oil boom in the 1920s, the town's economy has been based on serving local cotton farmers.
The population peaked at 493 residents in 1930 and has declined until the present.
St. Louis is located at 35°4′47″N 96°52′14″W / 35.07972°N 96.87056°W / 35.07972; -96.87056 (35.079752, -96.870612). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 9.4 square miles (24 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 206 people residing in the town, in 82 households. The population density was 21.9 people per square mile (8.5/km²). There were 89 housing units at an average density of 9.5 per square mile (3.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 80.58% White, 14.56% Native American, 0.49% Asian, and 4.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.83% of the population.
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Stillwater, Oklahoma
Stillwater (Pawnee: Kiicawiʾuusiʾit, Kstiíriwara ) is a city in north-central Oklahoma at the intersection of U.S. 177 and State Highway 51. It is the county seat of Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 45,688. Stillwater is the principal city of the Stillwater Micropolitan Statistical Area which had a population of 77,350 according to the 2010 census. Stillwater was part of first Land Run held April 22, 1889, when Oklahoma Territory's Unassigned Lands were opened for settlement. The city charter was adopted on August 24 later that year. Stillwater is home to Oklahoma State University, Northern Oklahoma College/OSU Gateway, Meridian Technology Center and the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology Education. In 2010, CNN/Money Magazine ranked Stillwater as No. 67 on its list of "America's Best Small Cities." (Reference needed)
The north-central region of Oklahoma became part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. In 1832, author, storyteller, and traveler Washington Irving provided the first recorded description of the area around Stillwater in his book A Tour on the Prairies. He wrote of “a glorious prairie spreading out beneath the golden beams of an autumnal sun. The deep and frequent traces of buffalo, showed it to be a one of their favorite grazing grounds.”
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Stroud, Oklahoma
Stroud is a city in Creek and Lincoln counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,690.
Stroud was founded in 1892 and named for James Stroud, a trader. Early in its history the town had a reputation as a "wild" town due to its many saloons and other businesses catering to thirsty cowboys and travelers arriving from "dry" Indian Territory. These days were short-lived, however, because Oklahoma statehood forced Stroud to become "dry" as well.
On March 27, 1915 Stroud became the victim of the legendary outlaw Henry Starr as he attempted to rob two banks at one time. "Henry Starr, along with six other men, decided to rob two banks at the same time... The [Stroud] robbery would prove... disastrous for Henry Starr. Proceeding to rob the Stroud National Bank and the First National Bank, word of the holdup spread quickly and the citizens took up arms against the bandits. Henry and another outlaw named Lewis Estes were wounded and captured in the gun battle. The rest of the gang escaped with $5815...". Henry would be sentenced to prison at the Oklahoma State Penitentiary, but would be paroled after serving only four years.
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Tecumseh, Oklahoma
Tecumseh is a city in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 6,457 at the 2010 census, a 5.9 percent increase from 6,098 at the 2000 census. It was named for the noted Shawnee chief, Tecumseh.
A 320-acre site was opened for settlement September 23, 1891, as a result of the land run into reservations of the Sac and Fox, Iowa, Kickapoo,Shawnee and Potawatomi peoples. The townsite, named Tecumseh by a U.S. Army Major, had been designated as the seat of County "B" in the newly-formed Oklahoma Territory by the Department of the Interior on July 17, 1891. A post office was established in the town on September 18, 1891.
Tecumseh is located at 35°15′44″N 96°56′5″W / 35.26222°N 96.93472°W / 35.26222; -96.93472 (35.262346, -96.934830).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.3 square miles (40 km2), of which, 15.0 square miles (39 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (1.57%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,098 people, 2,344 households, and 1,654 families residing in the city. The population density was 405.5 people per square mile (156.5/km²). There were 2,565 housing units at an average density of 170.6 per square mile (65.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 78.98% White, 2.05% African American, 12.87% Native American, 0.18% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.46% from other races, and 5.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.77% of the population.
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The Ozarks
The Ozarks (also referred to as Ozarks Mountain Country, the Ozark Mountains, and the Ozark Plateau) are a physiographic and geologic highland region of the central United States. It covers much of the southern half of Missouri and an extensive portion of northwestern and north central Arkansas. The region also extends westward into northeastern Oklahoma and extreme southeastern Kansas. The wooded hills of southwest Illinois, though commonly called the "Illinois Ozarks," are generally not considered part of the true Ozarks.
Although referred to as the Ozark Mountains, the region is actually a high and deeply dissected plateau. Geologically, the area is a broad dome around the Saint Francois Mountains. The Ozark Highlands area, covering nearly 47,000 square miles (122,000 km2), is by far the most extensive mountainous region between the Appalachians and the Rocky Mountains. Together, the Ozarks and Ouachita Mountains form an area known as the U.S. Interior Highlands, and are sometimes referred to collectively. For example, the ecoregion called Ozark Mountain Forests includes the Ouachita Mountains, although the Arkansas River valley and the Ouachitas, both south of the Boston Mountains, are not usually considered part of the Ozarks.
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Tribbey, Oklahoma
Tribbey is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States.The community was named for Alpheus M. Tribbey, landowner. The population was 273 at the 2000 census.
Tribbey is located at 35°5′34″N 97°5′30″W / 35.09278°N 97.09167°W / 35.09278; -97.09167 (35.092740, -97.091787). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 19.1 square miles (49 km2), of which, 19.0 square miles (49 km2) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) of it (0.26%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 273 people, 102 households, and 84 families residing in the town. The population density was 14.3 people per square mile (5.5/km²). There were 115 housing units at an average density of 6.0 per square mile (2.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 91.21% White, 3.30% Native American, and 5.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.20% of the population.
There were 102 households out of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72.5% were married couples living together, 6.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 17.6% were non-families. 16.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 2.99.
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Tryon, Oklahoma
Tryon is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 448 at the 2000 census. The community is named after early land owner Fred S. Tryon.
Tryon is located at 35°52′21″N 96°57′47″W / 35.8725°N 96.96306°W / 35.8725; -96.96306 (35.872494, -96.963078).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2), of which, 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) of it is land and 0.43% is water.
Tryon is located on State Highway 105, east of US Route 177.
As of the census of 2000, there were 448 people, 185 households, and 118 families residing in the town. The population density was 194.7 people per square mile (75.2/km²). There were 229 housing units at an average density of 99.5 per square mile (38.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 82.81% White, 13.62% Native American, 1.12% from other races, and 2.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.01% of the population.
There were 185 households out of which 29.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.08.
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Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tulsa ( /ˈtʌlsə/) is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 46th-largest city in the United States. With a population of 391,906 as of the 2010 census, it is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area, a region with 937,478 (2010) residents in the MSA and 988,454 (2010) in the CSA. Tulsa's CSA is projected to reach one million between 2010 and 2012. The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County, the most densely populated county in Oklahoma, and extends into Osage, Rogers, and Wagoner counties.
Tulsa was first settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe. In 1921, it was the site of the infamous Tulsa Race Riot, one of the largest and most destructive acts of racial violence in the history of the United States. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname "Oil Capital of the World" and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry. Tulsa, along with several other cities, claims to be the birthplace of U.S. Route 66 and is also known for its Western Swing music.
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Tuttle, Oklahoma
Tuttle is a city in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 6,019 with the close of the 2010 census. Seeing a 40.2% increase from 4,294 at the close of the 2000 census.
Tuttle is a largely agricultural community with a focus on wheat, cotton, corn, alfalfa hay, Bermuda grass hay, and cattle. Nearby Braum's Dairy, the largest farm in the area, is located just outside the city's limits and has a market presence spanning several states. The city serves as a minor bedroom community of Oklahoma City.
The town was named in 1902 after a local cattleman and rancher, J. H. (Jim) Tuttle.
Located east of the Chisholm Trail, Tuttle was developed as a farming and ranching community. The town was platted in 1901 and the land was purchased Chickasaw land from the Colbert Family. The town is named after local rancher James H. Tuttle, a Choctaw by marriage. The right-of-way for the St. Louis and San Francisco Railway came from the tribal allotment of Frances Schrock, a Choctaw. Schrock Park is named after her.
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Union City, Oklahoma
Union City is a town in Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1,375 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Union City is located at 35°24′49″N 97°54′38″W / 35.41361°N 97.91056°W / 35.41361; -97.91056 (35.413582, -97.910634).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 59.2 square miles (153 km2). 59.0 square miles (153 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it (0.29%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,375 people, 483 households, and 377 families residing in the town. The population density was 23.3 people per square mile (9.0/km²). There were 520 housing units at an average density of 8.8 per square mile (3.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 91.49% White, 1.75% African American, 2.98% Native American, 0.07% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 2.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.33% of the population.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Verden, Oklahoma
Verden is a town in Grady County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 659 at the 2000 census.
Verden is located at 35°5′2″N 98°5′20″W / 35.08389°N 98.08889°W / 35.08389; -98.08889 (35.083762, -98.088790).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 659 people, 246 households, and 182 families residing in the town. The population density was 2,047.5 people per square mile (795.1/km²). There were 280 housing units at an average density of 870.0 per square mile (337.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.44% White, 6.07% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.15% from other races, and 3.19% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.
There were 246 households out of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.0% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68 and the average family size was 3.14.
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Wanette, Oklahoma
Wanette is a town in Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 350 at the 2010 census, a decline of 13 percent from 402 at the 2000 census. Wanette is part of the Purcell-Lexington retail trade area, and is within the Greater Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area
The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture indicates that the first settlement at this location occurred in 1868, when two settlers from Kansas built a two-story cabin. Their cabin still existed as recently as 2003. Other settlers followed. The community had several different names before a post office named Wanette opened on March 19, 1894. In 1903, the town moved one mile north to be on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway line between Newkirk and Pauls Valley
By 1907, Wanette had a population of 739. The population peaked at 783 in 1920. The local economy was based on agriculture. Discovery of the Wanette-Asher oil field aided the economy during the 1930s, but did not prevent a population decline. The town still has an agricultural base, but is increasingly a bedroom community for people working in Moore, Norman and Oklahoma City.
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Warr Acres, Oklahoma
Warr Acres is a city in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, United States, and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. It was established after World War II by C.B. Warr, a dynamic businessman, builder, and commercial developer. The population was 9,735 at the 2000 census.
The Warr Acres housing addition and Warr Acres Second Addition was developed in 1937 by Clyde B. Warr. An addition that would later form part of the city of Warr Acres, Putnam City was developed by state lawmaker Israel Putnam in 1909.
The city was formed when the residents of 11 additions, including Putnam City, petitioned to incorporate in February 1948. The city of Bethany filed suit, but lost in a Oklahoma Supreme Court decision.
Shopping districts appeared along MacArthur Avenue in the 1960s and 1970s. By 1979, the town had grown to three square miles after annexing several residential developments.
The City of Warr Acres is a mayor-council form of government. The Mayor of Warr Acres is Pat Woolley and the city council is composed of David Dirkschneider, Jan Blake, Roger Godwin, Bill McClure, Dr. Stewart Shapiro, Blayne Allsup, Cathy Maxey and Doug Davis. Warr Acres is represented in the Oklahoma Senate by David Holt (politician) and in the Oklahoma House by Rep. Jason Nelson and Rep. Elise Hall.
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Warwick, Oklahoma
Warwick is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 235 at the 2000 census.
Warwick is located at 35°41′9″N 97°0′29″W / 35.68583°N 97.00806°W / 35.68583; -97.00806 (35.685847, -97.007987).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 2.8 square miles (7.3 km2), of which, 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) of it (1.08%) is water.
As of the census of 2000, there were 235 people, 85 households, and 66 families residing in the town. The population density was 85.7 people per square mile (33.1/km²). There were 94 housing units at an average density of 34.3 per square mile (13.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 94.04% White, 1.70% African American, 1.28% Native American, and 2.98% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.85% of the population.
There were 85 households out of which 35.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.76 and the average family size was 3.09.
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Washington, Oklahoma
Washington is a town in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 520 at the 2000 census.
Washington is located at 35°3′30″N 97°29′6″W / 35.05833°N 97.485°W / 35.05833; -97.485 (35.058364, -97.485010).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 square mile (2.6 km2), all of it land.
Washington is located along State Highway 24.
As of the census of 2000, there were 520 people, 186 households, and 146 families residing in the town. The population density was 503.8 people per square mile (194.9/km²). There were 192 housing units at an average density of 186.0 per square mile (72.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 92.12% White, 2.88% Native American, 1.15% Pacific Islander, 1.92% from other races, and 1.92% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.23% of the population.
There were 186 households out of which 42.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.1% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.0% were non-families. 18.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.18.
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Wayne, Oklahoma
Wayne is a town in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. Wayne and McClain County are part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area The population was 519 according to the 2000 census and is part of the "Heart of Oklahoma" area. Wayne was so named by early railroad workers from Pennsylvania who adopted town names from the railways there, including Wayne, Paoli, Ardmore, and Wynnewood. Wayne is named for Mad Anthony Wayne a United States Army general and statesman. Gen. Wayne earned a reputation in the American Revolutionary War as being relentless, hence his moniker, "Mad Anthony Wayne".
Mid-America Technology Center is located near Wayne.
Wayne High School
Wayne Middle School
Wayne Elementary School
Wayne's school mascot is the English Bulldog and the school colors are orange and black.
Wayne is located at 34°55′2″N 97°18′58″W / 34.91722°N 97.31611°W / 34.91722; -97.31611 (34.917265, -97.316075).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2), all of it land.
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Wells
Coordinates: 51°12′26″N 2°39′07″W / 51.2073°N 2.6519°W / 51.2073; -2.6519
Wells is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Mendip district of Somerset, England, on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills. Although the population recorded in the 2001 census is 10,406, it has had city status since 1205. It is the second smallest English city in terms of area and population after the City of London although, unlike the latter, Wells is not part of a larger metropolitan conurbation, and is consequently described in some sources as being England's smallest city.
The name Wells derives from the three wells dedicated to Saint Andrew, one in the market place and two within the grounds of the Bishop's Palace and cathedral. There was a small Roman settlement around the wells, but its importance grew under the Saxons when King Ine of Wessex founded a minster church in 704, around which the settlement grew. Wells became a trading centre and involved in cloth making before its involvement in both the English Civil War and the Monmouth Rebellion during the 17th century. In the 19th century, transport infrastructure improved with stations on three different railway lines.
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Wellston, Oklahoma
Wellston is a town in Lincoln County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 825 at the 2000 census.
Wellston was named by Christian T. Wells, who established a trading post on the site in 1883. The post office officially opened September 19, 1884.
Wellston is located at 35°41′27″N 97°3′47″W / 35.69083°N 97.06306°W / 35.69083; -97.06306 (35.690863, -97.063185).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km2), all of it land.
As of the census of 2000, there were 825 people, 338 households, and 225 families residing in the town. The population density was 608.5 people per square mile (234.2/km²). There were 380 housing units at an average density of 280.3 per square mile (107.9/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 86.67% White, 5.58% African American, 2.91% Native American, 0.48% from other races, and 4.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.42% of the population.
There were 338 households out of which 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.4% were non-families. 29.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.05.
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Yukon, Oklahoma
Yukon is a city in Canadian County, Oklahoma, United States and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Area. The population was 22,709 at the 2010 census.
Yukon is the hometown of country singer Garth Brooks, actor Dale Robertson, 2001 Miss Oklahoma USA Cortney Phillips, and the red dirt band Cross Canadian Ragweed. In 1949, Yukon garnered national media attention because of the plight of Grady the Cow.
The Czech Hall, a national and state historic site, is devoted to preserving Czech customs, heritage, and culture. Community events include the Czech Festival in October, and the Chisholm Trail Festival in June. Yukon's sister city is Krnov in the Czech Republic.
Yukon was founded by A.N. Spencer in 1891. Spencer, a cattleman from Texas turned railroad builder, was working on a line from El Reno to Arkansas when he decided to build the town. Spencer filed the plat on the townsite on February 14, 1891. He had agreed to do so and lay the train tracks through the town in exchange for half of the lots, which were owned by Minnie Taylor and Luther S. Morrison. Taylor and Morrison had acquired the land in the 1889 land run. Spencer also bought two quarter sections south of Main Street from Joseph Carson and his sister, Josephine. Spencer and his brother, Lewis, named the town after the Yukon Territory of Canada, where a gold rush was booming at the time.
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African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States that have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.
African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term.
African-American history starts in the 16th century with African slaves who quickly rose up against the Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón and progresses to the present day, with Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there have been events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, including slavery, racism, Reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement.
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Asian people
Asian people or Asiatic people is a term with multiple meanings that refers to people who descend from a portion of Asia's population.
Native ethnic groups of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan self-identify themselves as Asian. They are also recognized as Asian by Russians and Chinese.[citation needed]
This self-identification is based phenotypically, and on cultural differences from Russians, as these countries used to be parts of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union, and therefore have significant Russian populations. Another reason for such self-identification is patriotic: "the native people of the Center of Asia - are undoubtedly Asians".[citation needed]
In parts of anglophone Africa, especially East Africa and South Africa, and in parts of the Anglophone Caribbean, the term "Asian" is more commonly associated with people of South Asian origin, particularly Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Sri Lankans.
Notably, the Australian Census includes Central Asia, a region that is often considered to be part of the Greater Middle East. The Australian Census includes four regions of Asia in its official definition. Defined by the 2006–2011 Australian Census, three broad groups have the word Asian included in their name: Central and Southern Asian, South-East Asian and North-East Asian. Russians are classified as Southern and Eastern Europeans while Middle Easterners are classified as North African and Middle Easterners.
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Camille Pissarro
Camille Pissarro (French pronunciation: [kamij pisaʁo]) (10 July 1830 – 13 November 1903) was a French Impressionist and Neo-Impressionist painter born on the island of St Thomas (now in the US Virgin Islands, but then in the Danish West Indies). His importance resides in his contributions to both Impressionism and Post-Impressionism. Pissarro studied from great forerunners, including Gustave Courbet and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot. He later studied and worked alongside Georges Seurat and Paul Signac when he took on the Neo-Impressionist style at the age of 54.
In 1873 he helped establish a collective society of fifteen aspiring artists, becoming the “pivotal” figure in holding the group together and encouraging the other members. Art historian John Rewald called Pissarro the “dean of the Impressionist painters", not only because he was the oldest of the group, but also "by virtue of his wisdom and his balanced, kind, and warmhearted personality”.Cézanne said "he was a father for me. A man to consult and a little like the good Lord," and he was also one of Gauguin's masters. Renoir referred to his work as “revolutionary”, through his artistic portrayals of the "common man", as Pissarro insisted on painting individuals in natural settings without "artifice or grandeur".
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Claude Monet
Claude Monet (French pronunciation: [klod mɔnɛ/mɔne]) (14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. The term Impressionism is derived from the title of his painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant).
Claude Monet was born on 14 November 1840 on the 5th floor of 45 rue Laffitte, in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. He was the second son of Claude Adolphe Monet and Louise Justine Aubrée Monet, both of them second-generation Parisians. On 20 May 1841, he was baptized in the local parish church, Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, as Oscar-Claude, but his parents called him simply Oscar. In 1845, his family moved to Le Havre in Normandy. His father wanted him to go into the family grocery business, but Monet wanted to become an artist. His mother was a singer.
On 1 April 1851, Monet entered Le Havre secondary school of the arts. Locals knew him well for his charcoal caricatures, which he would sell for ten to twenty francs. Monet also undertook his first drawing lessons from Jacques-François Ochard, a former student of Jacques-Louis David. On the beaches of Normandy in about 1856/1857, he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin, who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints. Boudin taught Monet "en plein air" (outdoor) techniques for painting. Both received the influence of Johan Barthold Jongkind.
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Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 500 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by his design for Fallingwater (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture". Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States.
His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, skyscrapers, hotels, and museums. Wright also designed many of the interior elements of his buildings, such as the furniture and stained glass. Wright authored 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the United States and in Europe. His colorful personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his Taliesin studio. Already well known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time."
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Korean War
The Korean War (Korean: 한국전쟁 or 조선전쟁, Hanja: 韓國戰爭 or 朝鮮戰爭; 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953) was a war between the Republic of Korea (supported primarily by the United States of America, with contributions from allied nations under the aegis of the United Nations) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (supported by the People's Republic of China, with military and material aid from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The Korean War was primarily the result of the political division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II. The Korean Peninsula was ruled by the Empire of Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II. Following the surrender of the Empire of Japan in September 1945, American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th parallel, with U.S. military forces occupying the southern half and Soviet military forces occupying the northern half.
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Latino
Latino is a term used chiefly in the United States to refer to people of Latin American extraction or descent, though the term has also been used, perhaps incorrectly, as a synonym for Hispanic. The term latino is used to refer to males only or a combination of males and females in a group, whereas the term latina is used to refer to females only.
The U.S. Government has defined Hispanic or Latino persons as being "persons who trace their origin [to] . . . Central and South America, and other Spanish cultures." The United States Census uses the ethnonym Hispanic or Latino to refer to "persons who trace their origin or descent to Mexico, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Spanish speaking Central and South America countries, and other Spanish cultures." It is also stated that, "Origin can be considered as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify their origin as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race." The AP Stylebook's recommended usage of Latino includes not only persons of Spanish-speaking ancestry, but also more generally includes persons "from -- or whose ancestors were from -- . . . Latin America," including Brazilians.
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Mary Cassatt
Mary Stevenson Cassatt ( /kəˈsæt/; May 22, 1844 – June 14, 1926) was an American painter and printmaker. She lived much of her adult life in France, where she first befriended Edgar Degas and later exhibited among the Impressionists. Cassatt often created images of the social and private lives of women, with particular emphasis on the intimate bonds between mothers and children.
She was described by Gustave Geffroy in 1894 as one of "les trois grandes dames" of Impressionism alongside Marie Bracquemond and Berthe Morisot.
Cassatt was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, which is now part of Pittsburgh. She was born into an upper-middle-class family: her father, Robert Simpson Cassat (later Cassatt), was a successful stockbroker and land speculator, and her mother, Katherine Kelso Johnston, came from a banking family. Katherine Cassatt, educated and very well read, had a profound influence on her daughter. To that effect, Cassatt's lifelong friend Louisine Havemeyer wrote in her memoirs: "Anyone who had the privilege of knowing Mary Cassatt's mother would know at once that it was from her and her alone that [Mary] inherited her ability." The ancestral name had been Cossart. Cassatt was a distant cousin of artist Robert Henri. Cassatt was one of seven children, of which two died in infancy. Her family moved eastward, first to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, then to the Philadelphia area, where she began schooling at age 6.
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Mick Cornett
Mick Cornett is the current Mayor of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States. He also serves on notable positions including the national President of the Republican Mayors and Local Officials (RMLO), and also serves on the Board of Trustees for the U.S. Conference of Mayors. He was also Chairman of the U.S. Conference of Mayors Urban Economic Affairs Committee until 2007.
Cornett, a Republican, was elected to the Oklahoma City Council in 2001. He became the Mayor of Oklahoma City on 2 March 2004. He was re-elected to a second term on 7 March 2006 by a 87.6% margin, the largest in city history. In 2010, he became only the fourth mayor in Oklahoma City history to be elected to a third term, defeating Steve Hunt by gaining 58% of the vote. In 2009, he was named one of the top 10 most powerful Oklahomans by the Oklahoma City Friday newspaper, ranking ahead of the state's two U.S. Senators. In 2010, he was named the Public Official of the Year by Governing Magazine and placed second, behind the Mayor of Mexico City, in the London-based City Mayors Foundation’s “World Mayor Award.” Cornett received an MBA, specializing in management, entrepreneurship and leadership, from NYU Stern School of Business in July 2011.
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Pacific Islander
Pacific Islander (or Pacific person; pl: Pacific people; also Oceanic person/people(s) or Oceanians), is a geographic phrase to describe the indigenous inhabitants of any of the three major sub-regions of Oceania: Polynesia, Melanesia and Micronesia.
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, these three regions, together with their islands, consist of:
Polynesia: The islands scattered across a tangle covering the east-central region of the Pacific Ocean. The triangle is bounded by the Hawaiian islands in the north, New Zealand in the west, and Easter Island in the east. The rest of Polynesia comprises Samoan islands (American Samoa and Samoa), the Cook Islands, French Polynesia (Tahiti and The Society Islands, Marquesas Islands, Austral Islands, and the Tuamotu Archipelago), Niue Island, Tokelau and Tuvalu, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna, and Pitcairn Island.
Melanesia: The island of New Guinea, the Bismarck and Louisiade archipelagos, the Admiralty Islands, and Bougainville Island (which make up the independent state of Maluku, Papua New Guinea), the Solomon Islands, the Santa Cruz Islands (part of the Solomon Islands), New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands, Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides), Fiji, Norfolk Island, and various smaller islands.
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Paul Gauguin
Eugène Henri Paul Gauguin (French pronunciation: [øˈʒɛn ãˈʁi ˌpol ɡoˈɡɛ̃]; 7 June 1848 – 8 May 1903) was a leading French Post-Impressionist artist who was not well appreciated until after his death. Gauguin was later recognized for his experimental use of colors and synthetist style that was distinguishably different from Impressionism. His work was influential to the French avant-garde and many modern artists, such as Pablo Picasso, and Henri Matisse. Gauguin’s art became popular after his death and many of his paintings were in the possession of Russian collector, Sergei Shchukin. He was an important figure in the Symbolist movement as a painter, sculptor, print-maker, ceramist, and writer. His bold experimentation with coloring led directly to the Synthetist style of modern art while his expression of the inherent meaning of the subjects in his paintings, under the influence of the cloisonnist style, paved the way to Primitivism and the return to the pastoral. He was also an influential proponent of wood engraving and woodcuts as art forms.
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan ( /ˈrɒnəld ˈwɪlsən ˈreɪɡən/; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States, serving from 1981 to 1989. Prior to that, he was the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975 and a radio, film and television actor.
Born in Tampico, Illinois and raised in Dixon, Reagan was educated at Eureka College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology. After his graduation, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then in to Los Angeles in 1937 where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television. Some of his most notable films include Knute Rockne, All American, Kings Row, and Bedtime for Bonzo. Reagan served as president of the Screen Actors Guild, and later as a spokesman for General Electric (GE); his start in politics occurred during his work for GE. Originally a member of the Democratic Party, his positions began shifting rightward in the late 1950s, and he switched to the Republican Party in 1962. After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970. He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 as well as 1976, but won both the nomination and general election in 1980, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter.
wn.com/Ronald_Reagan -
Settled
A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established permanent residence there, often to colonize the area. Settlers are generally people who take up residence on land. However, Canadian First Nations people often refer to all non-natives as "settler peoples", or "settler populations".[citation needed]
In almost every real historical case, settlers live on land which previously belonged to long-established peoples, known as indigenous people (often called "natives", "Aborigines" or, in the Americas, "Indians"). This land is usually settled against the wishes of the indigenes, and then controlled, defended and expanded by force, or it is bought or leased from indigenous people on terms highly favourable to the settlers, sometimes under a treaty (e.g. the Treaty of Waitangi in New Zealand). In some cases (such as Australia), the legal ownership of some lands is contested much later by indigenous people, who seek or claim traditional usage, land rights, native title and related forms of ownership or partial control.
wn.com/Settled -
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (UK /ˌvæn ˈɡɒx/, US /ˌvæn ˈɡoʊ/;Dutch: [vɑŋ ˈɣɔχ] ( listen); 30 March 1853 – 29 July 1890) was a Dutch post-Impressionist painter whose work, notable for its rough beauty, emotional honesty, and bold color, had a far-reaching influence on 20th-century art. After years of painful anxiety and frequent bouts of mental illness, he died at the age of 37 from a gunshot wound, generally accepted to be self-inflicted (although no gun was ever found). His work was then known to only a handful of people and appreciated by fewer still.
Van Gogh began to draw as a child, and he continued to draw throughout the years that led up to his decision to become an artist. He did not begin painting until his late twenties, completing many of his best-known works during the last two years of his life. In just over a decade, he produced more than 2,100 artworks, consisting of 860 oil paintings and more than 1,300 watercolors, drawings, sketches and prints. His work included self portraits, landscapes, still lifes of flowers, portraits and paintings of cypresses, wheat fields and sunflowers.
wn.com/Vincent_van_Gogh
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Norman Oklahoma Tornado 4-13-2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:55
- Updated: 28 Nov 2012
Formation of Tornado that hit Norman Oklahoma today around 4PM 4-13-2012 Location was I-35 and Lindsey St.
http://wn.com/Norman_Oklahoma_Tornado_4-13-2012
Formation of Tornado that hit Norman Oklahoma today around 4PM 4-13-2012 Location was I-35 and Lindsey St.
Norman Oklahoma Main street fight 5/12/2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Fight in Norman. Just watch
http://wn.com/Norman_Oklahoma_Main_street_fight_5_12_2012
The Man Cave Restaurant Norman Oklahoma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Updated: 05 Apr 2012
The Man Cave Restaurant Norman Oklahoma
http://wn.com/The_Man_Cave_Restaurant_Norman_Oklahoma
The Man Cave Restaurant Norman Oklahoma
- published: 27 Feb 2012
- views: 4823
- author: OklahomaExpeditions
50 People 1 Question Norman, Oklahoma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:03
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
We asked 50 complete strangers the same 1 question. "If you could change one thing in your life, what would it be?" Here are their answers. Inspired by: fiftypeopleonequestion.com Check out facebook.com
http://wn.com/50_People_1_Question_Norman,_Oklahoma
We asked 50 complete strangers the same 1 question. "If you could change one thing in your life, what would it be?" Here are their answers. Inspired by: fiftypeopleonequestion.com Check out facebook.com
- published: 21 Oct 2012
- views: 994
- author: Hannah Barnes
Friend remembers man killed in Norman crash
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
Kyle Beneventi remembers his friend David Tompkins, who was killed in a crash along Highway 77 (Flood) near Tecumseh in Norman.
http://wn.com/Friend_remembers_man_killed_in_Norman_crash
Kyle Beneventi remembers his friend David Tompkins, who was killed in a crash along Highway 77 (Flood) near Tecumseh in Norman.
- published: 12 Dec 2012
- views: 16
- author: kocotv
UFO in Norman, Oklahoma 4/7/12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
IS IT A UFO?!?! On my way home I look out of my car and see two hovering fireballs in the sky. So I pull in my drive way and pull out my camera. The first two are gone but I get the next seven. Is it a UFO? Other citings have been made of the same object and description in the same area. Videos have also been put on YouTube like this one: www.youtube.com So you tell me! What do you think?! Is it a UFO? Leave a comment and share this video to everyone! www.facebook.com/stamp20 Twitter: @mike_stamp
http://wn.com/UFO_in_Norman,_Oklahoma_4_7_12
IS IT A UFO?!?! On my way home I look out of my car and see two hovering fireballs in the sky. So I pull in my drive way and pull out my camera. The first two are gone but I get the next seven. Is it a UFO? Other citings have been made of the same object and description in the same area. Videos have also been put on YouTube like this one: www.youtube.com So you tell me! What do you think?! Is it a UFO? Leave a comment and share this video to everyone! www.facebook.com/stamp20 Twitter: @mike_stamp
- published: 08 Apr 2012
- views: 15139
- author: MStamp20
Downtown Norman Oklahoma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:35
- Updated: 18 Oct 2012
With it's small town feel, the architecturally significant buildings within the 13 block historic district, the visual and performing arts renassaince, and the retail resurgance, Downtown Norman, Oklahoma is regaining its traditional role as the city's center of commerce and is discovering a new identity as the Norman Arts District.
http://wn.com/Downtown_Norman_Oklahoma
With it's small town feel, the architecturally significant buildings within the 13 block historic district, the visual and performing arts renassaince, and the retail resurgance, Downtown Norman, Oklahoma is regaining its traditional role as the city's center of commerce and is discovering a new identity as the Norman Arts District.
- published: 24 Sep 2012
- views: 295
- author: visitnorman
Norman, OK Tornado - April 13, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:47
- Updated: 03 Dec 2012
Norman, OK Tornado, April 13, 2012, Video shot by Chuck Robertson. Includes tornado, power flashes, and snapping power poles.
http://wn.com/Norman,_OK_Tornado_April_13,_2012
Norman, OK Tornado, April 13, 2012, Video shot by Chuck Robertson. Includes tornado, power flashes, and snapping power poles.
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 18113
- author: Charles Robertson
Tornado Damage in Norman Oklahoma Minutes After
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Video of today's tornado giving a walk through around a apartment complex. Others describe the event as silent but destructive.
http://wn.com/Tornado_Damage_in_Norman_Oklahoma_Minutes_After
Video of today's tornado giving a walk through around a apartment complex. Others describe the event as silent but destructive.
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 5615
- author: WatchHow2
04/13/12 Norman, OKLAHOMA TORNADO [Original]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
4/13/12, Friday Norman, Oklahoma About 4:00 PM This is my security camera catching my neighbors fence blow over. If you skip to 1:10 you will see hidden behind the trees a transformer that fell over and shorted out.
http://wn.com/04_13_12_Norman,_OKLAHOMA_TORNADO_Original_
4/13/12, Friday Norman, Oklahoma About 4:00 PM This is my security camera catching my neighbors fence blow over. If you skip to 1:10 you will see hidden behind the trees a transformer that fell over and shorted out.
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 10479
- author: aacaa68
INSANE! Damaging Microburst in Norman, OK!! June 14, 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:45
- Updated: 05 Dec 2012
This was one of the more unexpected yet insane weather events this year. This Microburst had measured wind gusts of 82mph, but it is very likely pockets were upwards of 90mph+!!! Check out more from this storm and from more storms this Fall on Tornado Titans Season 2, airing exclusively on YouTube!! SUBSCRIBE TO US!!! In the video the first you see is a timelapse of the storm approaching, pay particular attention as you can actually see the downburst winds at the surface falling from this high based supercell!! THEN the insanity starts as the house is pelted with hail, torrential rain, and 80mph+ winds!!
http://wn.com/INSANE!_Damaging_Microburst_in_Norman,_OK!!_June_14,_2011
This was one of the more unexpected yet insane weather events this year. This Microburst had measured wind gusts of 82mph, but it is very likely pockets were upwards of 90mph+!!! Check out more from this storm and from more storms this Fall on Tornado Titans Season 2, airing exclusively on YouTube!! SUBSCRIBE TO US!!! In the video the first you see is a timelapse of the storm approaching, pay particular attention as you can actually see the downburst winds at the surface falling from this high based supercell!! THEN the insanity starts as the house is pelted with hail, torrential rain, and 80mph+ winds!!
- published: 15 Jun 2011
- views: 90638
- author: SupercellHunting
Norman, OK Tornado (April 13th, 2012)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
My video of a tornado impacting Norman, OK during the late afternoon of Friday, April 13th, 2012. This tornado was preliminarily rated an EF1 by the National Weather Service. ©Daniel Lightbody
http://wn.com/Norman,_OK_Tornado_April_13th,_2012
My video of a tornado impacting Norman, OK during the late afternoon of Friday, April 13th, 2012. This tornado was preliminarily rated an EF1 by the National Weather Service. ©Daniel Lightbody
- published: 13 Apr 2012
- views: 5692
- author: extremeweatherguy
Commercial with Serge Ibaka and Oklahoma City Basketball Players | Norman Chrysler Jeep Dodge Ram
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
www.normanchryslerjeepdodge.com Reggie Jackson, Serge Ibaka, Nick Collison, Thabo Sefolosha and, well.. sort of Kendrick Perkins get together to sing Oklahoma's top customer rated dealership, Norman Chrysler Jeep Dodge's Jingle in their all-new branding commercial. For more information on cars and trucks on the lot call them at 1-888-218-9343 or just swing on by 481 N. Interstate Dr., Norman, OK 73069.
http://wn.com/Commercial_with_Serge_Ibaka_and_Oklahoma_City_Basketball_Players_|_Norman_Chrysler_Jeep_Dodge_Ram
www.normanchryslerjeepdodge.com Reggie Jackson, Serge Ibaka, Nick Collison, Thabo Sefolosha and, well.. sort of Kendrick Perkins get together to sing Oklahoma's top customer rated dealership, Norman Chrysler Jeep Dodge's Jingle in their all-new branding commercial. For more information on cars and trucks on the lot call them at 1-888-218-9343 or just swing on by 481 N. Interstate Dr., Norman, OK 73069.
- published: 31 Oct 2012
- views: 86692
- author: NormanCJD
4-14-12 Tornado - Catastrophe in Norman Oklahoma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Updated: 16 Apr 2012
A video that covers every horrific detail of the tornado on 4-13-12 in Norman, Oklahoma.
http://wn.com/4-14-12_Tornado_Catastrophe_in_Norman_Oklahoma
A video that covers every horrific detail of the tornado on 4-13-12 in Norman, Oklahoma.
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 855
- author: EqualToBacon
Pistol Annie's in Norman, OK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:52
- Updated: 25 Oct 2012
http://wn.com/Pistol_Annie's_in_Norman,_OK
Oklahoma Highlights vs Oklahoma State - 11/24/12 (HD)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:59
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
This is an Oklahoma Sooners highlight video of the team playing the Oklahoma State Cowboys on November 24th, 2012. This game was played in Norman, Oklahoma. Thank you for watching!
http://wn.com/Oklahoma_Highlights_vs_Oklahoma_State_11_24_12_HD
This is an Oklahoma Sooners highlight video of the team playing the Oklahoma State Cowboys on November 24th, 2012. This game was played in Norman, Oklahoma. Thank you for watching!
- published: 25 Nov 2012
- views: 14774
- author: HolaKyle
BNSF 7685 South at Norman, Oklahoma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Updated: 26 Jul 2012
BNSF 7685 South is viewed at the Indian Hills Road crossing in Norman, Oklahoma pulling a hot Z train as it races toward Alliance, TX.
http://wn.com/BNSF_7685_South_at_Norman,_Oklahoma
BNSF 7685 South is viewed at the Indian Hills Road crossing in Norman, Oklahoma pulling a hot Z train as it races toward Alliance, TX.
- published: 09 Jul 2012
- views: 87
- author: ATSF104
Flying 36000 Feet over Norman, Oklahoma
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Updated: 26 Jul 2012
Video of my flight from Atlanta to Los Angeles on a Delta Air Lines Boeing 767 as we flew over Norman, Oklahoma at 36000 feet.
http://wn.com/Flying_36000_Feet_over_Norman,_Oklahoma
Video of my flight from Atlanta to Los Angeles on a Delta Air Lines Boeing 767 as we flew over Norman, Oklahoma at 36000 feet.
- published: 17 Jul 2012
- views: 355
- author: Ben Holcomb
Tornado hits Norman, Okla.; Friday, April 13, 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:32
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
I HAVE CLEP THIS VIDEO TO GET RID OF COMMERCIALS! On Friday April 13, 2012 storms were getting an early start to the spring season in Norman, Okla., where a twister whizzed by the nation's tornado forecasting headquarters and the national weather service (NWS) but caused little damage in the late afternoon. It was only the second time in US history that the Storm Prediction Center issued a high-risk warning more than 24 hours in advance. The first time was in April 2006, when nearly 100 tornadoes tore across the southeastern US All Credit for this TV-clip/clips gose to the Weather Channel and the owners of the Weather Channel which is NBC, all video imagining go to KFOR-TV4 for the live feed they did. The Weather Channel/ NBC/ MSNBC/KFOR is where this video came from! I did not make this video, I'm reposting it after I edited it to get rid of the unless imaging that were not needed: BUT IM representing the individual who made it...who gets all credit & rights for the work/job he/(or)she (they) did. Therefore not all videos/movies/shows/clips/or any other man bad product can be copyright or has been copyright or is copyright due to the LIMITATIONS=(A limiting rule or circumstance; a restriction. - A condition of limited ability;.) of what was used to make the videos/movies/shows/clips. (This would be from a private individual) In most circumstances if not all the Videos/shows/TV-Clips used in all Videos, posted on all websites in the world (WWW.) where used without the ...
http://wn.com/Tornado_hits_Norman,_Okla;_Friday,_April_13,_2012
I HAVE CLEP THIS VIDEO TO GET RID OF COMMERCIALS! On Friday April 13, 2012 storms were getting an early start to the spring season in Norman, Okla., where a twister whizzed by the nation's tornado forecasting headquarters and the national weather service (NWS) but caused little damage in the late afternoon. It was only the second time in US history that the Storm Prediction Center issued a high-risk warning more than 24 hours in advance. The first time was in April 2006, when nearly 100 tornadoes tore across the southeastern US All Credit for this TV-clip/clips gose to the Weather Channel and the owners of the Weather Channel which is NBC, all video imagining go to KFOR-TV4 for the live feed they did. The Weather Channel/ NBC/ MSNBC/KFOR is where this video came from! I did not make this video, I'm reposting it after I edited it to get rid of the unless imaging that were not needed: BUT IM representing the individual who made it...who gets all credit & rights for the work/job he/(or)she (they) did. Therefore not all videos/movies/shows/clips/or any other man bad product can be copyright or has been copyright or is copyright due to the LIMITATIONS=(A limiting rule or circumstance; a restriction. - A condition of limited ability;.) of what was used to make the videos/movies/shows/clips. (This would be from a private individual) In most circumstances if not all the Videos/shows/TV-Clips used in all Videos, posted on all websites in the world (WWW.) where used without the ...
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 7711
- author: alliancedie
BBQ at Little River Marina on Lake Thunderbird Near Norman OK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
BBQ at Little River Marina on Lake Thunderbird Near Norman OK
http://wn.com/BBQ_at_Little_River_Marina_on_Lake_Thunderbird_Near_Norman_OK
BBQ at Little River Marina on Lake Thunderbird Near Norman OK
- published: 11 Sep 2012
- views: 52
- author: Ronn Folk
Norman Oklahoma April 13 2012 Tornado Damage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:11
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
Tornado came through on Friday April 13 2012, here is some damage.
http://wn.com/Norman_Oklahoma_April_13_2012_Tornado_Damage
Tornado came through on Friday April 13 2012, here is some damage.
- published: 14 Apr 2012
- views: 4830
- author: CloudTT
BNSF Trains at Norman, OK 4/21/2012||Tripod+720p
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:37
- Updated: 29 Nov 2012
THISVIDEO IS THE SOLE PROPERTY OF JAMES B. TRACHIER, COPYRIGHT © 2012. Saturday, April 21, 2012 BNSF Railway Red Rock Subdivision Milepost 403.08 Norman, OK On this perfect April spring day, I couldn't pass up the opportunity to shoot some BNSF train action at Lindsey St. First a priority northbound intermodal train came through shortly before 3 PM. A southbound intermodal train was waiting in the siding at north Norman, and it came through about ten minutes after the northbound had passed. I then left to go run some errands and came back in the evening and caught a southbound manifest train just after 6:30 PM. Train 1: Northbound Intermodal Time: 2:56 PM CDT Location: Lindsey St Motive Power: BNSF 7867 (ES44DC), BNSF 6894 (ES44C4) & BNSF 1080 (C44-9W) Train 2: Southbound Intermodal Time: 3:11 PM CDT Location: Lindsey St Motive Power: BNSF 4518 (C44-9W) & BNSF 4567 (C44-9W) Train 3: Southbound Manifest Time: 6:33 PM CDT Location: Lindsey St Motive Power: BNSF 4363 (C44-9W), BNSF 5443 (C44-9W) & BNSF 7226 (ES44DC)
http://wn.com/BNSF_Trains_at_Norman,_OK_4_21_2012||Tripod+720p
THISVIDEO IS THE SOLE PROPERTY OF JAMES B. TRACHIER, COPYRIGHT © 2012. Saturday, April 21, 2012 BNSF Railway Red Rock Subdivision Milepost 403.08 Norman, OK On this perfect April spring day, I couldn't pass up the opportunity to shoot some BNSF train action at Lindsey St. First a priority northbound intermodal train came through shortly before 3 PM. A southbound intermodal train was waiting in the siding at north Norman, and it came through about ten minutes after the northbound had passed. I then left to go run some errands and came back in the evening and caught a southbound manifest train just after 6:30 PM. Train 1: Northbound Intermodal Time: 2:56 PM CDT Location: Lindsey St Motive Power: BNSF 7867 (ES44DC), BNSF 6894 (ES44C4) & BNSF 1080 (C44-9W) Train 2: Southbound Intermodal Time: 3:11 PM CDT Location: Lindsey St Motive Power: BNSF 4518 (C44-9W) & BNSF 4567 (C44-9W) Train 3: Southbound Manifest Time: 6:33 PM CDT Location: Lindsey St Motive Power: BNSF 4363 (C44-9W), BNSF 5443 (C44-9W) & BNSF 7226 (ES44DC)
- published: 22 Apr 2012
- views: 1738
- author: theup3985
photo: AP / Bullit Marquez
11 Dec 2012
The death toll brought about by typhoon “Pablo” continued to rise with 714 persons confirmed dead by the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) yesterday while those missing ballooned to 890 as massive search, retrieval and relief operations continue in the typhoon-ravaged areas in Mindanao ... 4 ... They were subsequently brought to Caraga Regional Hospital ... (NHMFC) (P100,000) ... With AFP ....(size: 5.4Kb)
photo: USAF / Staff Sgt. Jonathan Lovelady
10 Dec 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. In the desert of central Australia still resides a primitive tribe known as the Arunta. This non-technological and stateless group, which mainly depends on hunting and gathering, had suffered several inexplicable deaths ... Therefore, they organized an atinga, or revenge group ... When the guiltless tribe learned of their approach, they sent out a delegation of young women as a token of peace....(size: 5.8Kb)
photo: AP / Ahn Young-joon
12 Dec 2012
North Korea defied international warnings and fired a long-range rocket on Wednesday, the second launch under its new leader and a clear sign Pyongyang is pushing forward with its quest to develop the technology needed to deliver a nuclear warhead ... But South Korea and Japan said they couldn’t immediately confirm that ... officials could determine whether a North Korean satellite was circling the Earth ... Kim said ... Keywords....(size: 2.7Kb)
photo: Russian Presidential Press and Information Office
12 Dec 2012
MOSCOW. Russia President Vladimir Putin on Wednesday denounced opponents who receive financial assistance from abroad and vowed that the country would not allow democracy to be imposed from the outside. Putin said in his first annual state-of-the-nation address since he returned to the Kremlin for a third term that it should be illegal for anyone who receives money from abroad to be a politician in Russia ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
11 Dec 2012
Afghan women victims of violence are still being failed by the justice system, according to a new UN report. Although there had been some progress in implementing a 2009 anti-violence law, overall use of the law "remained low", the report says. Cultural pressures and inconsistent police practices are hampering implementation of the law, it added ... 'Tip of the iceberg' ... Afghan victims of sexual abuse rarely speak out ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Dec 2012
NORMAN — City council members are close to awarding a contract for construction of Legacy Park but are still debating which amenities to fund. ... REPORTER- NORMAN SCHOOLS, ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT, GENERAL ASSIGNMENT ... A native of Oklahoma, Jane Glenn Cannon is an award-winning reporter who has covered everything from crime, courts and government to... She lives in Norman and has one son ... Oklahoma football ... Oklahoma football....(size: 8.2Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Dec 2012
NORMAN — Police have identified the two men who died in Tuesday's six-car collision on N Flood Avenue. David Tompkins, 27, of Moore, was taken to Norman Regional Hospital where he died. ... Oklahoma football ... Former Missouri offensive coordinator David Yost offered job at Oklahoma State ... Oklahoma football. Sooners get commitment from former Oklahoma State pledge Ogbonnia Okoronkwo ... Oklahoma State football ... Oklahoma football ... Oklahoma football....(size: 6.3Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Dec 2012
There aren't enough parks in Oklahoma to let Isaiah Cousins ball out ... UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA COLLEGE BASKETBALL ... 29, 2012, in Norman, Okla ... Oklahoma basketball ... Photos from Oklahoma State's 26-9 victory over Oklahoma at... Before arriving in Norman, Kuzydym was an intern for the sports departments at USA TODAY, the Orlando Sentinel and South Bend (Ind.) Tribune ... Oklahoma football ... Oklahoma football ... Oklahoma State football ... Oklahoma football....(size: 9.2Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Dec 2012
Chris Casteel began working for The Oklahoman's Norman bureau in 1982 while a student at the University of Oklahoma ... Chris Casteel began working for The Oklahoman's Norman bureau in 1982 while a student at the University of Oklahoma. After covering the police beat, federal courts and the state Legislature in Oklahoma City, he moved to Washington in 1990, where The Oklahoman has had a full-time bureau for more than 70 years....(size: 9.1Kb)
The Examiner
13 Dec 2012
1 Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, United States of America, 2 Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America, 3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America, 4 Department of Chemistry and ......(size: 2.8Kb)
Tulsa World
13 Dec 2012
x-Keach Ballard, Durant Oklahoma. Blake Battenfield, Verdigris Oklahoma St ... Trey Cobb, Broken Arrow Oklahoma St ... Garrett Foster, Plainview Oklahoma City. Thomas Hatch, Jenks Oklahoma St ... Heritage Oklahoma ... Trey Michalczewski, Jenks Oklahoma. Andrew Rosa, Owasso Oklahoma St. x-Caleb Simpson, Norman North Oklahoma. Kyle Stephens, Edmond Oklahoma ... Jordan Hill, Fort Gibson Oklahoma Baptist ... Memorial Oklahoma ... Lakota Beatty, Anadarko Oklahoma St....(size: 4.9Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Dec 2012
There aren't enough parks in Oklahoma to let Isaiah Cousins ball out ... Photos from Oklahoma State's 26-9 victory over Oklahoma at... Before arriving in Norman, Kuzydym was an intern for the sports departments at USA TODAY, the Orlando Sentinel and South Bend (Ind.) Tribune ... Oklahoma football ... Former Missouri offensive coordinator David Yost offered job at Oklahoma State ... Oklahoma football ... Oklahoma State football ... Oklahoma football....(size: 8.6Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Dec 2012
Holiday poinsettias in a deep shade of orange stole the show at the annual poinsettia sale for Oklahoma State University-Oklahoma City, with the unusual plants selling out in a couple of hours. ... Members of the Occupy Movement in Oklahoma City protest a Del City... Palmer is a native of Norman and a graduate of the University of Oklahoma, where she was also a columnist for The Oklahoma Daily ... Oklahoma football ... Oklahoma football....(size: 9.4Kb)
The Oklahoman
13 Dec 2012
Big innovations in aviation safety are attributed to the work done at the Federal Aviation Administration's Civil Aerospace Medical Institute in Oklahoma City, which is celebrating 50 years. ... Members of the Occupy Movement in Oklahoma City protest a Del City... Palmer is a native of Norman and a graduate of the University of Oklahoma, where she was also a columnist for The Oklahoma Daily ... Oklahoma football ... Oklahoma football....(size: 9.7Kb)
The Dallas Morning News
13 Dec 2012
Event. Time. TV. NBA. LA Lakers at New York. 7.00. TNT. San Antonio at Portland. 9.30. TNT. NFL. Cincinnati at Philadelphia. 7.00. NFL. High school basketball. Arlington Seguin vs. Kimball. 6.30. ESPNU. Archbishop Mitty (Ca.) vs. Travis (Tx.). 7.00. ESPN. Simeon (Ill.) vs. DeSoto. 8.30. ESPN. NCAA football. NAIA Championship. Morningside College vs. Marian University. 5.30. CBSSN. Golf ... Oklahoma 5A Champ. ... Oklahoma 6A Champ.. Norman North vs ... ....(size: 2.7Kb)
Sydney Morning Herald
13 Dec 2012
Greg Norman undone by food poisoning. Golfing great Greg Norman was forced to withdraw from a rare appearance at the Australian PGA after just two holes due to illness from food poisoning ... The Australian PGA at Coolum has suffered a major setback with one of the tournament drawcards, Greg Norman, withdrawing after two holes because of a bout of ......(size: 2.4Kb)
Tulsa World
13 Dec 2012
Rated by Scout.com as a three-star national prospect, the 5-foot-9, 175-pound Barrow had dialogue also with Houston and Washington State ... Oklahoma recruits on the Hurricane commitment list are Union wide receiver Khalid Kornegay, Union fullback-receiver Chris Hall, Vian offensive lineman Rob Boyd, Norman offensive lineman Zac Uhles, McAlester linebacker Devin Rolan, Sallisaw athlete Ben Oberste and Hooker safety Joe Bean. tu football ... ....(size: 3.8Kb)
Canberra Times
13 Dec 2012
Greg Norman's early departure from the Australian PGA Championship at Coolum was a setback for organisers aGreg Norman's early departure from the Australian PGA Championship at Coolum was a setback for organisersnd a rarity for the generally fit and healthy 57-year-old ... Norman was in good spirits before his opening round, partly inspired by the victory of fellow veteran Peter Senior at the Australian Open....(size: 2.4Kb)
| Norman, Oklahoma | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
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| Nickname(s): City of Festivals | |||
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| Coordinates: 35°13′N 97°25′W / 35.217°N 97.417°W / 35.217; -97.417Coordinates: 35°13′N 97°25′W / 35.217°N 97.417°W / 35.217; -97.417 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Oklahoma | ||
| County | Cleveland | ||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Council-Manager | ||
| • Mayor | Cindy Rosenthal | ||
| • City Manager | Steve Lewis | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 189.5 sq mi (490.8 km2) | ||
| • Land | 177.0 sq mi (458.4 km2) | ||
| • Water | 12.5 sq mi (32.4 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 1,171 ft (357 m) | ||
| Population (2010) | |||
| • Total | 110,925 | ||
| • Density | 540.6/sq mi (208.7/km2) | ||
| Time zone | Central (CST) (UTC-6) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ||
| ZIP codes | 73000-73099 | ||
| Area code(s) | 405 | ||
| FIPS code | 40-52500[1] | ||
| GNIS feature ID | 1095903[2] | ||
| Website | http://www.ci.norman.ok.us | ||
Norman ( /ˈnɔrmən/) is a city in the state of Oklahoma that is located 20 miles (30 km) south of downtown Oklahoma City. It is part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area.[3] With a population of 110,925 as of the 2010 census,[4] Norman is the third-largest city in Oklahoma[5] and the 235th-largest city in the United States.[6] The city serves as the county seat of Cleveland County.[7]
Norman was settled during the Land Run of 1889,[8] which opened the former Indian Territory and Unassigned Lands to American pioneer settlement.[9] The city was named in honor of its first land surveyor, Abner Norman,[8] and was formally incorporated on May 13, 1891.[10] Today the city is known for its higher education and related research industries. Norman is home to the University of Oklahoma, the largest university in the state with approximately 30,000 students enrolled.[11][12] The university is well known for its sporting events, with over 80,000 people routinely attending football games.[13] The university is also home to several museums including the Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art, which contains the largest collection of French Impressionist art ever given to an American university.[14][15][16]
The National Weather Center, located in Norman, houses a unique collection of university, state, and federal organizations that work together to improve the understanding of events related to the Earth's atmosphere.[17] Norman lies within Tornado Alley,[18] a geographic region where tornadic activity is predominant.[18] The Oklahoma City metropolitan area, including Norman, is the most tornado-prone area in the United States.[19][20]
In 2008, CNN/Money Magazine ranked Norman as the sixth best small city within the United States to live in, the highest ranking of any city in Oklahoma.[21]
Contents |
History[link]
File:Abner norman.JPG
Abner Norman statue outside City Hall
The central Oklahoma region became part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Prior to the American Civil War the United States government began relocating the Five Civilized Tribes, the five Native American tribes that the United States officially recognized via treaty, to Oklahoma. The area known today as Norman was assigned to the Creek Nation by treaties of 1832 and 1833.[8]
Following the Civil War, the Creeks were accused of aiding the Confederate States of America and as a result they ceded the region back to the United States in 1866.[8] Shortly after this the Arbuckle Trail, a feeder route to the Chisholm Trail, was developed to hasten the transfer of cattle from Texas to the railroads in Kansas.[8] A federal survey of the empty lands along the Arbuckle Trail was undertaken in the early 1870s, headed by 23-year-old Abner Norman.[8] Norman’s work crew set up camp at what is today the corner of Classen and Lindsey streets; it was there that the men, perhaps jokingly, carved a sign on an elm tree that read "Norman’s Camp," in honor of their young surveyor.[8][22] In 1887, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway began service to the area,[8] which was later opened to settlement as part of the Land Run of April 1889;[8] early settlers decided to keep the name "Norman."[8][22]
On April 22, 1889, the Land Run saw the founding of Norman with at least 150 residents spending the night in makeshift campsites;[8] by the next morning a downtown was already being constructed.[8] Almost immediately two prominent Norman businessmen, former Purcell railroad freight agent Delbert Larsh and railroad station chief cashier Thomas Waggoner, began lobbying for the territorial government to locate its first university in Norman.[8] The two were interested in growing the city and had reasoned that rather than trying to influence legislatures to locate the heavily contested territory capitol in Norman that it made sense to attempt to secure the state's first university instead (a move that would be far less controversial).[8] On December 19, 1890, Larsh and Waggoner were successful with the passage of Council Bill 114, establishing the University of Oklahoma in Norman approximately 18 years before Oklahoma statehood.[8]
The city of Norman was formally incorporated on May 13, 1891.[10] The city has continued to grow throughout the decades. By 1902 the downtown district contained two banks, two hotels, and a flour mill, and other businesses; by 1913 there were over 3,700 residents living in Norman when the Oklahoma Railway Company decided to extend its interurban streetcar running from Oklahoma City to Moore into Norman, spurring additional population growth.[23] The rail lines eventually transitioned to freight during the 1940s as the United States Numbered Highway system developed. The city population reached 11,429 in 1940.[24]
In 1941, the University of Oklahoma and Norman city officials established Max Westheimer Field, a university airstrip, and then leased it to the US Navy as a Naval Flight Training Center in 1942.[23] The training center was used for training combat pilots during World War II. A second training center, known as Naval Air Technical Training Center, and a naval hospital were later established to the south.[23] In the years following World War II the airstrip was transferred back to the university's control.[25] Today the airstrip is called the University of Oklahoma Westheimer Airport. Following the war the remaining military presence and post-war veterans who came to Norman to get an education again grew the city's population, which was 27,006 by 1950.[23][24] The Navy again utilized the bases in a lesser capacity from 1952 to 1959 in support of the Korean War effort.[23]
With the completion of Interstate 35 in June 1959,[26] Norman found its status as a bedroom community to Oklahoma City increasing rapidly; in 1960 Norman's population was 33,412 but by the end of the decade had grown to 52,117.[23][24] Throughout the 1960s Norman's land mass increased by 174 square miles (450 km2) by annexing surrounding areas.[23] The city's growth trends have continued early in the 21st century, with the population reaching 95,694 in 2000[23][24] and 110,925 in 2010.[5][24]
Law and government[link]
A council-manager government has been in place in Norman since the adoption of its city charter on June 28, 1919.[27] A councilor from each of the city's eight council wards is elected to office every two years, each serving a term of two years. Councilors are elected from their own respective wards based on a plurality voting system; a councilor from each ward serves on the Norman City Council. A mayor is elected by the entire voting population of Norman and serves as an at-large councilor; the mayor serves for a term of three years. As a whole, the council acts as the legislative body of city government; it aims to pass laws, approve the city budget, and manage efficiency in the government. The City Council appoints a professional City Manager who is responsible for the day-to-day administrative activities of the city.[27] The City of Norman has approximately 650 employees working in eleven departments and 31 boards and commissions that help oversee and implement the policies and services of the city.[27][28] The City Council meets bi-weekly in City Hall located at 201 W. Gray Street in downtown Norman; various boards and commissions meet in accordance with their own schedules.[27] The present mayor of Norman is Cindy Rosenthal (elected in 2007),[29] and the city manager is Steve Lewis (appointed in 2007).[30] In accordance with the charter of the city of Norman, all city elected positions are nonpartisan.[31]
Municipal and state laws are enforced by the Norman Police Department.[32] In 2010, Norman's crime index was 33% less than the national average.[33] There were two murders, 47 rapes, 36 robberies, 53 assaults, and 811 burglaries in 2010.[33]
Sister cities[link]
In accordance with Sister Cities International, an organization that began under President Dwight Eisenhower in 1956, Norman has been given three international sister cities in an attempt to foster cross-cultural understanding:[34]
Geography[link]
Norman is located at 35°13′N 97°25′W / 35.2217°N 97.4183°W / 35.2217; -97.4183 (35.2216, -97.4182)[35] As of 2010, the city has a total area of 189.4 square miles (491 km2), of which 178.8 square miles (463 km2) is land and 10.6 square miles (27 km2) is water.[36]
Topography[link]
Norman and the surrounding areas are mostly flat with an elevation near mean sea level.[37] The terrain in the western section of Norman is prairie[38] while the eastern section, including the area surrounding Lake Thunderbird, consists of some 6,000 acres (24 km2) of lakes and Cross Timbers forest.[38] The lowest point within city limits is approximately 970 feet (296 m) above sea level (located at 35.20388N, 97.17735W).[35] The highest point is approximately 1,245 feet (379 m) above sea level (located at 35.21266N, 97.39000W).[35]
Climate[link]
| Climate data for Norman, Oklahoma | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 81 (27) |
90 (32) |
97 (36) |
99 (37) |
102 (39) |
109 (43) |
112 (44) |
116 (47) |
107 (42) |
100 (38) |
91 (33) |
86 (30) |
116 (47) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 50.0 (10.0) |
53.0 (11.7) |
63.2 (17.3) |
72.1 (22.3) |
79.3 (26.3) |
86.5 (30.3) |
91.9 (33.3) |
92.9 (33.8) |
83.5 (28.6) |
72.8 (22.7) |
63.1 (17.3) |
50.6 (10.3) |
71.6 (22.0) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 39.0 (3.9) |
41.9 (5.5) |
51.7 (10.9) |
60.8 (16.0) |
69.0 (20.6) |
76.7 (24.8) |
81.5 (27.5) |
82.0 (27.8) |
72.5 (22.5) |
61.4 (16.3) |
51.6 (10.9) |
39.9 (4.4) |
60.7 (15.9) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 28.1 (−2.2) |
30.9 (−0.6) |
40.2 (4.6) |
49.4 (9.7) |
58.8 (14.9) |
66.9 (19.4) |
71.0 (21.7) |
71.0 (21.7) |
61.6 (16.4) |
50.0 (10.0) |
40.1 (4.5) |
29.2 (−1.6) |
49.8 (9.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −9 (−23) |
−17 (−27) |
1 (−17) |
20 (−7) |
28 (−2) |
43 (6) |
52 (11) |
47 (8) |
32 (0) |
10 (−12) |
0 (−18) |
−3 (−19) |
−17 (−27) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 1.50 (38.1) |
1.96 (49.8) |
3.09 (78.5) |
3.14 (79.8) |
4.83 (122.7) |
5.45 (138.4) |
3.14 (79.8) |
3.29 (83.6) |
3.94 (100.1) |
4.03 (102.4) |
2.04 (51.8) |
2.21 (56.1) |
38.61 (980.7) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 1.9 (4.8) |
1.0 (2.5) |
0.4 (1) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.4 (1) |
1.3 (3.3) |
4.9 (12.4) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 5.2 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 6.0 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 7.7 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 85.8 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 3.8 |
| Source: Records (1894-2011); Normals (1981-2010)[39] | |||||||||||||
Norman falls within a temperate, humid subtropical climate region that is identified as "cfa" class on the Köppen climate classification.[40] On average Norman receives about 38 inches (970 mm) of precipitation per year;[39] May and June are the wettest months.[39] Temperatures average 61 °F (16 °C) for the year.[38][39] Average daytime highs range from 50 °F (10 °C) in January to nearly 93 °F (34 °C) in August; average lows range from 28 °F (−2 °C) in January to 71 °F (22 °C) in July and August.[38][39] Summers can be extremely hot, as was evident in 2009 when temperatures climbed above 100 °F (38 °C) for more than a month.[41] Consistent winds, averaging near 10 mph (16 km/h) and usually from the south to southeast, help to temper hotter weather during the summer and intensify cold periods during the winter.[38]
Norman averages a growing season of 209 days, but plants that can withstand short periods of colder temperatures may have an additional three to six weeks.[38] Winter months tend to be cloudier than summer months, with the percentage of possible sunshine ranging from an average of about 55% in winter to nearly 80% in summer.[38]
Norman lies within Tornado Alley,[18] the region of the United States where tornadic activity is most predominant.[18] The city has a tornado season lasting from March through June with over 80% of all reported tornadoes occurring during these months.[42] The Oklahoma City metropolitan area, including Norman, is the most tornado-prone area in the United States.[19][20] As recently as May 10, 2010, a tornado outbreak occurred in southeastern Norman that resulted in the loss of multiple homes and businesses. Again on Friday April 13, 2012 Norman was struck by a weak tornado.[43][44]
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1900 | 2,225 |
|
|
| 1910 | 3,724 | 67.4% | |
| 1920 | 5,004 | 34.4% | |
| 1930 | 9,603 | 91.9% | |
| 1940 | 11,429 | 19.0% | |
| 1950 | 27,006 | 136.3% | |
| 1960 | 33,412 | 23.7% | |
| 1970 | 52,117 | 56.0% | |
| 1980 | 68,020 | 30.5% | |
| 1990 | 80,071 | 17.7% | |
| 2000 | 95,694 | 19.5% | |
| 2010 | 110,925 | 15.9% | |
|
|
|||
As of the census of 2010, there were 110,925 people, 44,661 households, and 24,913 families residing within the city.[4] The population density was 616 people per square mile (208.7/km²).[45] The racial makeup of the city was 84.7% White, 4.3% African American, 4.7% Native American, 3.8% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.9% from other races, and 5.5% from two or more races.[4] Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.4% of the population.[4]
Of the 44,661 households, 25.0% had children under the age of 18, 41.5% were married couples living together, 10.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.2% were non-families.[4] Individuals living alone made up 30.7% of all households; 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[4] The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.94.[4]
The age distribution was 5.8% under the age of 5, 5.7% from 5 to 9, 5.2% from 10 to 14, 8.9% from 15 to 19, 16.0% from 20 to 24, 9.0% from 25 to 29, 6.6% from 30 to 34, 5.6% from 35 to 39, 5.3% from 40 to 44, 5.9% from 45 to 49, 5.9% from 50 to 54, 5.4% from 55 to 59, 4.6% from 60 to 64, 3.2% from 65 to 69, 2.3% from 70 to 74, 1.8% from 75 to 79, 1.4% from 80 to 84, and 1.3% over 85 years of age.[4] The median age was 29.6 years.[4] Males made up 49.7% of the population while females made up 50.3%.[4]
The median household income in the city was $44,396, and the median income for a family was $62,826.[46] Males had a median income of $41,859 versus $35,777 for females.[46] The per capita income for the city was $24,586.[46] About 11.8% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.9% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.[46]
Although religious information is not collected by the US census, according to a 2000 survey by Dale E. Jones of the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies, 50.2% of the population in Norman is affiliated with a religious institution.[45] Of those 43.6% were Southern Baptist, 15.0% Catholic Church, 13.0% United Methodist, 3.3% Assembly of God, 2.8% Churches of Christ, 2.1% Mormon, 2.1% Christian Churches and Churches of Christ, 1.9% Disciples of Christ, 1.7% Presbyterian Church, and 14.6% other Christian denominations or religions.[45]
Economy[link]
The University of Oklahoma employs over 10,700 personnel across three campuses, making it a significant driver of Norman’s economy.[47] The campus is a center for scientific and technological research, having contributed over $277 million to such programs in 2009.[11]
Norman is also home of the National Weather Center, a cooperative research effort between the University of Oklahoma and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that houses a number of weather- and climate-related organizations;[17] the city is also the proposed location of a future National Weather Museum.[48] As a result of this on-going academic and public weather research, several private meteorological businesses are present in the city, including Weathernews Americas, Inc., Vieux and Associates, Inc., Weather Decision Technologies, WeatherBank, Inc., and Computational Geosciences, Inc.[49]
In addition to weather, Norman is also a center for other scientific ventures both public and private. The Oklahoma Geological Survey, which conducts geological research,[50] and the Oklahoma Renewable Energy Council, which is a public-private alliance that is attempting to foster renewable energy applications, both make the city their home.[51] SouthWest NanoTechnologies is a producer of single-walled carbon nanotubes,[52][53] and Bergey Windpower is a leading supplier of small wind turbines.[54]
Other major employers in the city include Norman Regional Health System, Norman Public Schools, Johnson Controls, Griffin Memorial Hospital, Hitachi, Astellas Pharma Technologies, Albon Engineering, Xyant Technology, MSCI, Office Max National Sales Center, SITEL, the United States Postal Service National Center for Employee Development, Sysco Corporation, and AT&T.[55]
University North Park, a lifestyle center with planned development on over 12 million square feet (1.1 km2) of land,[56] is located on 24th Ave NW along the I-35 corridor between Robinson Street and Tecumseh Road. Begun in 2006, the project will feature 2 miles (3.2 km) of parks, offices, and high-end retail once completed.
Fair trade[link]
In 2010, Norman became the 17th city in the United States to adopt a council resolution giving it status as a Fair Trade Town.[57][58] The resolution states that the city of Norman supports the purchasing of goods from the local community; when goods cannot be purchased locally the city will support buying from producers abroad who meet Fair Trade standards.[57] These standards include supporting quality of life in developing countries and planning for environmental sustainability.[57]
Neighborhoods[link]
Norman has a wide variety of neighborhoods. Downtown Norman is an area of approximately 2 square miles (5 km2) surrounded by University Blvd., Symmes St., Porter Ave., and Daws St.; primary streets include Main St. and Gray Ave.[59] The area consists of restaurants, art galleries, and other businesses;[59] it is home to some of the oldest buildings in Oklahoma.[60]
Hall Park is an area northeast of downtown Norman that was originally an independent township; in 2005 it was annexed into Norman, becoming one of its neighborhoods.[61] The area is home to many upper middle-class suburban homes and is historically important in that it was advertised as the United States' first "all-electric town."[61] President Ronald Reagan, then an executive with General Electric, attended Hall Park's grand opening ceremonies in 1962 where he was named the town's honorary first mayor.[61]
The University of Oklahoma and the area surrounding it are home to many historically significant neighborhoods.[62] The university itself has a unique Gothic-inspired architecture known as "Cherokee Gothic," so named by architect Frank Lloyd Wright.[63] Churches and houses in the surrounding neighborhoods can be described as neo-Gothic or Queen Anne in style. Norman has two city-designated historic preservation districts in the area: the Miller Historic District, bounded by Symmes St., Classen Ave., and Miller Ave.;[62] and the Chautauqua Historic District, bounded by Symmes St., Brooks St., Chautauqua Ave., and Lahoma Ave.[62] Both of these residential neighborhoods contain houses designed from a mixture of architectural styles dating from 1903 to 1935, with the majority of the Miller neighborhood being of the Bungalow or American Craftsman style homes.[62] Any external changes or repairs to homes in these areas must be approved by the Norman Historic Preservation Commission.[62]
The area immediately north of the university is known as Campus Corner and contains a mixture of businesses, bars, and restaurants.[64] The neighborhoods to the east of the campus are home to many students, both in residential housing and high-rise condos/apartments.[65]
Norman enjoys many tree-lined landscapes, participating in the ReLeaf Norman and Tree City USA programs.[66][67][68]
Education[link]
Higher education[link]
Colleges and universities[link]
Main article: University of Oklahoma
File:Bizzell Library 4-15-2006 11-20-33 AM.jpg
Bizzell Library, University of Oklahoma
The University of Oklahoma is the largest university in the state of Oklahoma, with approximately 30,000 students enrolled.[11] The university was founded in 1890, prior to Oklahoma statehood.[11] The university includes both Norman and Oklahoma City campuses with the main campus located in Norman.[11] In 2007, The Princeton Review named the University of Oklahoma one of its "Best Value" colleges.[69] The school is ranked first per capita among public universities in enrollment of National Merit Scholars[11] and has seen 28 Rhodes Scholars graduate since the program's inception in 1902.[11][70][71] PC Magazine and the Princeton Review rated it one of the "20 Most Wired Colleges" in both 2006 [72] and 2008,[73] while the Carnegie Foundation classifies it as a research university with "high research activity."[74]
The school is well known for its athletic programs, having won many awards including seven NCAA Division I National Football Championships.[75]
CareerTech[link]
The city of Norman is served by the Moore Norman Technology Center. The school was established in 1972 and has been awarded the Oklahoma Association of Technology Center’s Gold Star School Award on multiple occasions.[76] The Franklin Road Campus consists of six buildings totaling 323,500 square feet (30,100 m2) of classroom, meeting, and office space.[77] The school has a full-time staff of 207.[77]
Primary and secondary schools[link]
Public schools[link]
Main article: Norman Public Schools
Norman Public Schools is a public school district serving metropolitan Norman; there are 15 elementary schools, four middle schools, and two high schools in the district.[78] More than 17,000 students are enrolled in the district, making it one of the largest in the state.[79][80]
Noble Public Schools is a school district that serves southeastern portions of Norman and the adjoining city of Noble, OK. It consists of two elementary schools, an intermediate school, a middle school, and a high school.[81]
Little Axe Public Schools is a school district that serves the eastern rural area of Norman. It is the smallest of the three districts consisting of an elementary, junior, and high school.[82]
Private schools[link]
Several private schools also serve the area:
- All Saints Catholic School - pre-kindergarten through 8th grade[45]
- Blue Eagle Christian Academy - kindergarten through 10th grade[45]
- Community Christian School - kindergarten through 12th grade[45]
- Norman Christian Academy - pre-kindergarten through 7th grade[83]
- Robinson Street Academy - kindergarten through 12th grade[45]
- Rose Rock School - pre-kindergarten through kindergarten[84]
- Terra Verde Discovery School - kindergarten and first grade[85]
- Trinity Lutheran School - pre-kindergarten through 6th grade[45]
- Veritas Classical Christian Academy - pre-kindergarten through 12th grade[45]
Libraries[link]
Norman is served by the Norman Public Library, which is part of the Pioneer Library System spanning many of the suburbs of Oklahoma City.[86] The library has an inter-library agreement with the Metropolitan Library System of Oklahoma City.[87] This allows patrons of the Norman Public Library to check out books from any library in the Pioneer Library System or in the Metropolitan Library System.[87] Books can be reserved and shipped to a local library free of charge. In addition to books, the library maintains a collection of periodicals, videos, audio books, and research materials.[86]
The Bizzell Memorial Library at the University of Oklahoma is the largest library in the state of Oklahoma, containing more than five million volumes.[88] In addition to books, the library maintains over 17,000 feet (5,200 m) in length of manuscripts and archives, 1.6 million photographs, and more than 1.5 million maps.[88] The library also houses more than 50 books printed before the year 1500.[88]
Culture[link]
Museums and theater[link]
Norman enjoys many cultural attractions that are funded by the university. The Fred Jones Jr. Museum of Art made national and international news in 2000 when it was given the Weitzenhoffer Collection, the largest collection of French Impressionist art ever given to an American university.[14][15][16] The collection includes works by Mary Cassatt, Claude Monet, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Camille Pissarro.[89]
The Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History is a museum containing over 50,000 square feet (5,000 m2) of exhibits[90] ranging from archaeology, paleontology, ethnology, herpetology, ornithology, and Native American studies.[91] Its exhibits are intended to immerse visitors in the state’s long history. The museum features many complete collections of dinosaur fossils and is also noted for its Paleozoic collection, considered to be one of the largest and most important in existence.[92]
The Moore-Lindsay House is a Queen Anne-style home built prior to 1900 by prominent Norman home builder William Moore;[60] it was purchased by the city of Norman in 1973 and today serves as the city and Cleveland County's historical museum.[93] Located at 508 N. Peters, the Moore-Lindsay House's architecture is representative of Norman during the Victorian era.[93] The Cleveland County Historical Society maintains a collection of over 5,000 rare books, documents, and other artifacts in its archives located inside the house.[94]
Catlett Music Center at the University of Oklahoma features many orchestral and jazz performances and the Weitzenhoffer Family College of Fine Arts' Schools of Dance, Drama, and Musical Theatre offer many student programs throughout the year.[95]
The city is also home to many privately funded galleries and performance sites.[96]
Parks and recreation[link]
Norman’s Parks and Recreation Department facilitates 55 neighborhood and community parks, three recreation centers, a golf course and driving range, three disc golf courses, a complete swim complex with waterslides, a wading pool, 32 tennis courts, and three special services centers (that offer cultural arts and senior citizen activities). Griffin Community Park Sports Complex includes 16 soccer fields, 14 baseball/softball fields, and four football fields.[97]
Media[link]
The Norman Transcript is the most widely circulated Norman-based newspaper in the city. It is a daily newspaper covering events in Cleveland and McClain counties. It is the oldest continuous business in Norman and was founded shortly after the Land Run of April 1889 on July 13, 1889.[98]
The Oklahoma Daily is a student-run newspaper at the University of Oklahoma. It was first published in 1897, several years after the university’s founding. The paper has received numerous awards for journalism excellence including the Associated Collegiate Press’ Pacemaker Award.[99]
KGOU is a full-service public radio station licensed to the University of Oklahoma. The station serves Norman and the greater Oklahoma City metropolitan area with a news/talk/jazz format, using programs from National Public Radio, Public Radio International, and others.[100]
Norman TV is a government-access television station airing on Cox Communications cable television channel 20. It broadcasts programming provided by the City of Norman, including video from city council meetings.[101]
Sports[link]
The University of Oklahoma sponsors many collegiate sporting events in Norman. The school is well known for its football program, having won seven NCAA Division I National Football Championships.[75] In addition, it has the best winning percentage of any Division I FBS team since the introduction of the AP Poll in 1936[102] and has played in four BCS national championship games since 1998.[103][104]
In 1951 and 1994 its baseball team won the NCAA national championship,[105] and the women's softball team won the national championship in 2000.[106] The gymnastics teams have won four national championships since 2001.[107]
Other university men's sports include: basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, tennis, track and field, and wrestling.[108] Women's sports include: basketball, cross country, golf, gymnastics, rowing, soccer, softball, tennis, track and field, and volleyball.[108]
Community events[link]
Norman hosts many free festivals and community events that occur throughout the year.
Medieval Fair is a celebration of medieval-themed games, art, and culture. The event is held during the last weekend of March in Reaves Park. It has been held annually in Norman since 1976 and was originally a forum for the English Department at the University of Oklahoma.[109] Today it is the largest weekend event held in the state of Oklahoma, with over 325,000 people in attendance in 2006.[110] Events Media Network has named Medieval Fair one of the top 100 events in the United States.
Norman Music Festival is an annual weekend music festival held in April in downtown Norman. Established in 2008, the event had over 26,000 people in attendance during the 2009 festival.[111] Originally a one-day event, the festival has quickly grown so large that it is now an all-weekend concert series. The festival highlights both local musicians and internationally acclaimed artists and features many forms and styles of music.[112]
Groovefest is a music festival held semi-annually at Andrews Park. Each Spring and Fall the music festival is held to help raise awareness about human rights. The event was established in 1986 by the University of Oklahoma chapter of Amnesty International.[113]
Jazz in June is a music festival held the last full weekend in June at various venues across Norman. The festival features both jazz and blues musical performances as well as jazz educational clinics taught by professional musicians appearing in the festival and post-concert jam sessions at local venues which bring headliners and local artists together.[114] Jazz in June, one of the major cultural events in the state as well as the City of Norman, attracts a combined concert audience of 50,000 drawn from throughout the state, region and nation. Another 100,000 or more enjoy these same performances through post-festival broadcasts on KGOU Public Radio as well as other public radio stations throughout the state, region and nation.
May Fair is an arts festival held every year during the first weekend in May at Andrews Park. It features top area performers, fine art, crafts, and food.[115]
Summer Breeze Concert Series is a series of concerts held from Spring to Fall at various park venues across Norman. The series is sponsored by the Performing Arts Studio.[116]
Midsummer Nights' Fair is a nighttime arts festival held during two evenings in June. The fair features art, music, and food and is held outside the Firehouse Art Center located in Lions Park.[117]
The Norman Mardi Gras parade is a celebration of Mardi Gras occurring on the Saturday closest to Fat Tuesday. The parade is held in downtown Norman and features themed costumes and floats.[118]
The Main Street Christmas Holiday Parade is a celebration of Christmas and the holiday season held every December in downtown Norman. The parade features holiday-themed costumes and floats.[119]
Infrastructure[link]
Health systems[link]
Norman Regional Health System is a multi-campus system that provides medical services in Norman and throughout south central Oklahoma.[120] Its Porter Avenue campus, located north of downtown Norman, is a 337-bed general hospital providing a wide range of services including acute care.[120] In October 2009, the Norman Regional HealthPlex campus opened in west Norman.[121] It provides a 152-bed state-of-the-art facility specializing in cardiology, cardiovascular services, as well as women's and children's services.[121][122]
Transportation[link]
Airports[link]
Scheduled air transport, or major commercial air transportation, is available at Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, located approximately 20 miles (30 km) north of Norman. The airport serves approximately 3.38 million passengers per year.[123]
Norman is served locally by Max Westheimer Airport, a general aviation airport run by the University of Oklahoma.[124] The airport is one of only two airports in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area designated as a reliever airport to Will Rogers World Airport. Max Westheimer Airport is capable of handling aircraft up through and including executive class jet aircraft.[125]
Buses[link]
The Cleveland Area Rapid Transit, operated by the University of Oklahoma, provides bus service throughout the 191-square-mile (490 km2) Norman area.[126] CART also provides service to the Social Security Administration offices in Moore, OK, as well as to Oklahoma City's Metro Transit hub in downtown Oklahoma City.[126] Metro Transit maintains a fleet of buses and trolleys serving the greater Oklahoma City area, including Will Rogers World Airport.[127]
In 2008, CART became the 39th public transportation system in the United States to be featured on Google Transit,[128] a website that allows transportation users to electronically plan their travel routes.[129] In 2010, CART buses were modified to include a GPS tracking system that allows riders to see the location of buses and their predicted arrival times via the CART and Google websites.[130] CART buses transport more than 1.3 million travelers annually.[126]
Rail[link]
Inter-city passenger train service is available via Amtrak at Norman's Depot. Amtrak's Heartland Flyer provides daily round trip service to downtown Oklahoma City and Fort Worth, Texas.
Although Norman currently has no light rail or commuter rail service, there is growing interest in incorporating such services into the city's future transportation plans.[131]
Roads and highways[link]
The predominant form of transportation in Norman is roads and highways with 80.0% of all residents driving alone to work, 9.0% carpooling, and just 1.3% taking public transportation.[132] As of 2007, Interstate 35 alone was handling over 99,000 vehicles per day.[133] Other major highways include State Highway 9, a portion of which serves 28,000 vehicles per day, and U.S. Highway 77, which serves more than 25,000 vehicles per day.[134] The busiest roads in Norman are Berry Road (29,700 vehicles per day), 12th Avenue Northwest (28,000 vehicles per day), and Alameda Street (26,400 vehicles per day).[135]
Norman is served by two major federal highways:[134]
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Norman is served by two major Oklahoma state highways:[134]
Utilities[link]
Electric utility companies servicing Norman include Oklahoma Gas & Electric, which is headquartered in Oklahoma City, and Oklahoma Electric Cooperative (a utility cooperative).[136] Natural gas is provided by Oklahoma Natural Gas.[136] The city of Norman offers water, garbage pickup, and recycling service through its Utilities Department.[136][137] Telephone networks, broadband internet, and cable television service are available from several companies including Cox Communications.[136]
Drinking water controversy[link]
In a study published in 2007, the National Institutes of Health deemed hexavalent chromium VI (chromium-6) to be a likely carcinogen in lab animals when consumed in large quantities in drinking water.[138][139] Prior to the NIH study, a World Health Organization study found that chromium-6 was a likely cause of lung cancer when inhaled by humans.[140] In 2010, test results released from a California non-profit group known as the Environmental Working Group showed that Norman's tap water has a chromium-6 concentration level of 12.90 parts per billion (ppb), which was the highest level detected among 35 US cities sampled in the study.[141] The group is studying chromium-6 levels in water supplies in an attempt to prove a causal link between the element's ingestion and cancer in humans, and as a result improve the country's water standards.[142]
The United States Environmental Protection Agency does not currently require testing for or set limits on chromium-6 levels in American cities' water supplies (but it does require total chromium-3 and chromium-6 levels not exceed 100 ppb[143]). The EPA has recently completed studies of the element on lab animals and is expected to make a determination on chromium-6 maximum allowed levels in June 2012.[144][145][146] The official total chromium-3/chromium-6 level present in Norman's drinking water has ranged from 20 to 80 ppb.[143] It has been proposed that the source of the chromium-6 is the Garber-Wellington Aquifer, which is known to have elevated levels of heavy metals.[143]
The issue of chromium-6 levels gained national attention with the 2000 film release of Erin Brockovich, which detailed a California woman's legal fight against Pacific Gas and Electric Company for allegedly contaminating her hometown with excessive levels of the element.[147]
In the past the Norman water supply has also been criticized for the presence of excessive levels of arsenic.[148] The city is attempting to combat this problem by building new wells and removing older ones.[149]
See also[link]
References[link]
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- ^ a b c "Annual Average Daily Traffic by Map". Oklahoma Department of Transportation. http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/maps/aadt/2010/map_aadt_2010-14-cleveland.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ "Oklahoma Traffic Count Information System". Oklahoma Department of Transportation. http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/aadtcnt/map.aspx?map=Cleveland%20County. Retrieved 2012-01-10.
- ^ a b c d "Utilities Information". City of Norman. http://www.ci.norman.ok.us/content/utilities-information. Retrieved 2012-01-07.
- ^ "Utilities". City of Norman. http://www.ci.norman.ok.us/content/utilities. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
- ^ "US water has large amounts of likely carcinogen: study". Yahoo News. http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/healthusenvironmentpollutionwater. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
- ^ "Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water Causes Cancer in Lab Animals". National Institutes of Health. http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/may2007/niehs-16.htm. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
- ^ IARC (1999-11-05) [1990] (PDF). Volume 49: Chromium, Nickel, and Welding. International Agency for Research on Cancer. ISBN 92-832-1249-5. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol49/volume49.pdf. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
- ^ "Carcinogenic Erin Brockovich Chemical Found in Tap Water Across the U.S.". Environmental Working Group. http://static.ewg.org/reports/2010/chrome6/html/findings.html. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
- ^ "Chromium-6 is Widespread in US Tap Water". Environmental Working Group. http://static.ewg.org/reports/2010/chrome6/html/home.html. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
- ^ a b c "In 35-city study, Norman’s water tops results chart". Norman Transcript. http://normantranscript.com/headlines/x96560292/In-35-city-study-Norman-s-water-tops-results-chart. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
- ^ "Norman Bracing for Water Supply Changes". KOCO TV. http://www.koco.com/news/30088992/detail.html. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ "EPA Ruling on Chromium-6 in Water Expected Soon". NewsOK. http://newsok.com/epa-ruling-on-chromium-6-in-water-expected-soon/article/3635168. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ "IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium". US EPA. http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris_drafts/recordisplay.cfm?deid=221433. Retrieved 2011-12-28.
- ^ ""Erin Brockovich": The real story". Salon.com. http://www.salon.com/entertainment/feature/2000/04/14/sharp/index.html. Retrieved 2010-12-21.
- ^ "Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Ground Water". United States Geological Survey. http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2005/3111/. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
- ^ "Water Treatment Arsenic Study". City of Norman. http://www.ci.norman.ok.us/content/water-treatment-arsenic-study. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman,_Oklahoma
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state of Oklahoma. For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation).
| State of Oklahoma | |||||
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| Nickname(s): Sooner State | |||||
| Motto(s): Labor omnia vincit (Latin) | |||||
 |
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| Official language(s) | English | ||||
| Demonym | Oklahoman; Okie (colloq.) | ||||
| Capital (and largest city) |
Oklahoma City | ||||
| Area | Ranked 20th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 69,898 sq mi (181,195 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 230 miles (370 km) | ||||
| - Length | 298 miles (480 km) | ||||
| - % water | 1.8 | ||||
| - Latitude | 33°37' N to 37° N | ||||
| - Longitude | 94° 26' W to 103° W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 28th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 3,791,508 (2011 est)[1] | ||||
| - Density | 55.2/sq mi (21.3/km2) Ranked 35th in the U.S. |
||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Black Mesa[2][3] 4,975 ft (1516 m) |
||||
| - Mean | 1,300 ft (400 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Little River at Arkansas border[2][3] 289 ft (88 m) |
||||
| Admission to Union | November 16, 1907 (46th) | ||||
| Governor | Mary Fallin (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Todd Lamb (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Oklahoma Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Jim Inhofe (R) Thomas A. Coburn (R) |
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| U.S. House delegation | 4 Republicans, 1 Democrat (list) | ||||
| Time zones | |||||
| - all of the state (legally) | Central: UTC-6/-5 | ||||
| - Kenton (informally) | Mountain: UTC-7/-6 | ||||
| Abbreviations | OK Okla. US-OK | ||||
| Website | www.ok.gov | ||||
Oklahoma (i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/)[4] (Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa [5], Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh [6]) is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people",[7] and it is known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State. Formed by the combination of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans or, informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.
A major producer of natural gas, oil, and agriculture, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology.[8] It has one of the fastest growing economies in the nation, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth and gross domestic product growth.[9][10] Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly 60 percent of Oklahomans living in their metropolitan statistical areas.[11]
With small mountain ranges, prairie, and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains and the U.S. Interior Highlands—a region especially prone to severe weather.[12] In addition to having a prevalence of German, Irish, English, Scottish, and Native American ancestry, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, the most of any state.[13] It is located on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives, a destination for southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans. As part of the Bible Belt, widespread belief in evangelical Christianity makes it one of the most politically conservative states, though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party.[14]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The name Oklahoma comes from the phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe the Native American race as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.[7][15][16]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Oklahoma
Oklahoma is the 20th-largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water.[17] It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip, and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. Arkansas and Missouri bound it on the east, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.
Topography[link]
See also: Lakes in Oklahoma
Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed,[18] generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary.[19][20] Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.[21]
Among the most geographically diverse states, Oklahoma is one of four to harbor more than 10 distinct ecological regions, with 11 in its borders – more per square mile than in any other state.[12] Its western and eastern halves, however, are marked by extreme differences in geographical diversity: Eastern Oklahoma touches eight ecological regions and its western half contains three.[12]
Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains.[19] Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.[22] A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and in the state's southeastern corner, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot.[23]
The semi-arid high plains in the state’s northwestern corner harbor few natural forests. Oklahoma has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma, and transitional prairie and woodlands cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.[20][24] More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma's waterways, and with 200 lakes created by dams, it holds the highest number of artificial reservoirs in the nation.[23] Most of the state lies in two primary drainage basins belonging to the Red and Arkansas rivers, though the Lee and Little rivers also contain significant drainage basins.[24]
Flora and fauna[link]
Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma[23] and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses.[25] Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle.[25] Marshlands, cypress forests and mixtures of shortleaf pine, loblolly pine and deciduous forests dominate the state's southeastern quarter, while mixtures of largely post oak, elm, red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) and pine forests cover northeastern Oklahoma.[24][25][26]
The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, coyotes, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also, in southeastern Oklahoma lives the American Alligator.[25]
Protected lands[link]
Oklahoma has 50 state parks,[27] six national parks or protected regions,[28] two national protected forests or grasslands,[29] and a network of wildlife preserves and conservation areas. Six percent of the state's 10 million acres (40,000 km2) of forest is public land,[26] including the western portions of the Ouachita National Forest, the largest and oldest national forest in the Southern United States.[30] With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states.[31] In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma.[32] The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state[33] and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).[34] Of Oklahoma's federally protected park or recreational sites; the Chickasaw National Recreation Area is the largest, with 9,898.63 acres (18 km2).[35] Other sites include the Santa Fe and Trail of Tears national historic trails, the Fort Smith and Washita Battlefield national historic sites, and the Oklahoma City National Memorial.[28]
Climate[link]
Oklahoma is located in a temperate region and experiences occasional extremes of temperature and precipitation typical in a continental climate.[36] Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold and warm air masses producing severe weather.[21] An average 54 tornadoes strike the state per year—one of the highest rates in the world.[37] Because of its position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely between relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time.[21] As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an incoming squall line resulted in a drop to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same day.[38]
The humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) of the eastern part of Oklahoma influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico, but transitions progressively to a semi-arid zone (Koppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about Lawton westward less frequently touched by southern moisture.[36] Precipitation and temperatures fall from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of 56 inches (1,420 mm), while areas of the panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under 17 inches (430 mm).[21] All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C),[36] and snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle.[21] The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman.[39] Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.
| Monthly temperatures for Oklahoma's largest cities | ||||||||||||
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oklahoma City | 47/26 | 54/31 | 62/39 | 71/48 | 79/58 | 87/66 | 93/71 | 92/70 | 84/62 | 73/51 | 60/38 | 50/29 |
| Tulsa | 46/26 | 53/31 | 62/40 | 72/50 | 80/59 | 88/68 | 94/73 | 93/71 | 84/63 | 74/51 | 60/39 | 50/30 |
| Lawton | 50/26 | 56/31 | 65/40 | 73/49 | 82/59 | 90/68 | 96/73 | 95/71 | 86/63 | 76/51 | 62/39 | 52/30 |
| Average high/low temperatures in °F[40][41] | ||||||||||||
History[link]
Main article: History of Oklahoma
Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age,[42] but the state's first permanent inhabitants settled in communities accentuated with mound-like structures near the Arkansas border between 850 and 1450 AD.[43][44] Spaniard Francisco Vásquez de Coronado traveled through the state in 1541,[45] but French explorers claimed the area in the 1700s[46] and it remained under French rule until 1803, when all the French territory west of the Mississippi River was purchased by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase.[45]
During the 19th century, thousands of Native Americans were expelled from their ancestral homelands from across North America and transported to the area including and surrounding present-day Oklahoma. The Choctaw was the first of the "Five Civilized Tribes" to be removed from the southeastern United States. The phrase "Trail of Tears" originated from a description of the removal of the Choctaw Nation in 1831, although the term is usually used for the Cherokee removal.[47] About 17,000 Cherokees – along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees – were removed from their homes.[48] The area, already occupied by Osage and Quapaw tribes, was called for the Choctaw Nation until revised Native American and then later American policy redefined the boundaries to include other Native Americans. By 1890, more than 30 Native American nations and tribes had been concentrated on land within Indian Territory or "Indian Country."[49] Many Native Americans served in the Union and Confederate military during the American Civil War. The Cherokee Nation had an internal civil war.[50] Slavery in Oklahoma was not abolished until 1866.[51]
In the period between 1866 and 1899,[45] cattle ranches in Texas strove to meet the demands for food in eastern cities and railroads in Kansas promised to deliver in a timely manner. Cattle trails and cattle ranches developed as cowboys either drove their product north or settled illegally in Indian Territory.[45] In 1881, four of five major cattle trails on the western frontier traveled through Indian Territory.[52] Increased presence of white settlers in Indian Territory prompted the United States Government to establish the Dawes Act in 1887, which divided the lands of individual tribes into allotments for individual families, encouraging farming and private land ownership among native Americans but expropriating land to the federal government. In the process, railroad companies took nearly half of Indian-held land within the territory for outside settlers and for purchase.[53]
Major land runs, including the Land Run of 1889, were held for settlers where certain territories were opened to settlement starting at a precise time. Usually land was open to settlers on a first come first served basis.[54] Those who broke the rules by crossing the border into the territory before the official opening time were said to have been crossing the border sooner, leading to the term sooners, which eventually became the state's official nickname.[55]
Deliberations to make the territory into a state began near the end of the 19th century, when the Curtis Act continued the allotment of Indian tribal land. Attempts to create an all-Indian state named Oklahoma and a later attempt to create an all-Indian state named Sequoyah failed but the Sequoyah Statehood Convention of 1905 eventually laid the groundwork for the Oklahoma Statehood Convention, which took place two years later.[56] On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was established as the 46th state in the Union.
The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy.[57] In 1927, an Oklahoman businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66", began the campaign to create U.S. Route 66. Using a stretch of highway from Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa.[58]
Oklahoma also has a rich African American history. There were many black towns that thrived in the early 20th century because of black settlers moving from neighboring states, especially Kansas. The politician Edward P. McCabe encouraged black settlers to come to what was then Indian Territory. He discussed with President Theodore Roosevelt the possibility of making Oklahoma a majority-black state.
By the early 20th century, the Greenwood neighborhood of Tulsa was one of the most prosperous African-American communities in the United States.[59] Jim Crow laws had established racial segregation since before the turn of the century, but the blacks had created a thriving area.
Social tensions were exacerbated by the revival of the Ku Klux Klan after 1915. The Tulsa Race Riot broke out in 1921, with whites attacking blacks. In one of the costliest episodes of racial violence in American history, sixteen hours of rioting resulted in 35 city blocks destroyed, $1.8 million in property damage, and a death toll estimated to be as high as 300 people.[60] By the late 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan had declined to negligible influence within the state.[61]
During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States.[62] Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.
Soil and water conservation projects markedly changed practices in the state and led to the construction of massive flood control systems and dams; they built hundreds of reservoirs and man-made lakes to supply water for domestic needs and agricultural irrigation. By the 1960s, Oklahoma had created more than 200 lakes, the most in the nation.[12][63]
In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of the worst act of domestic terrorism in American history. The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. The two men were convicted of the bombing: McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed by the federal government on June 11, 2001; his partner Nichols is serving a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole.[64] McVeigh's army buddy, Michael Fortier, got 12 years in prison and, ultimately, a $75,000 fine for helping sell guns (to raise funds for the bombing) and for helping to examine the Murrah Federal building prior to the terrorist attack. Wife, Lori Fortier (now dead), was granted immunity for testifying.
Economy[link]
Based in the sectors of aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications, Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food.[8] The state ranks second in the nation for production of natural gas,[65] and is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, ranking 5th in production of wheat.[66] Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma,[67] and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation,[68] with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.[69] In 2010, Oklahoma City-based Love's Travel Stops & Country Stores ranked 18th on the Forbe's list of largest private companies, Tulsa-based QuikTrip ranked 37th, and Oklahoma City-based Hobby Lobby ranked 198th in 2010 report.[70] From 2006 to 2010, Oklahoma's gross domestic product grew from $131.9 billion to $147.5 billion, a jump of 10.6 percent.[71] Oklahoma's gross domestic product per capita was $35,480 in 2010, which was ranked 40th among the states.[72] Though oil has historically dominated the state's economy, a collapse in the energy industry during the 1980s led to the loss of nearly 90,000 energy-related jobs between 1980 and 2000, severely damaging the local economy.[73] Oil accounted for 35 billion dollars in Oklahoma's economy in 2007,[74] and employment in the state's oil industry was outpaced by five other industries in 2007.[75] As of August 2011, the state's unemployment rate is 5.6%.[76]
Industry[link]
In mid 2011, Oklahoma had a civilian labor force of 1.7 million and total non-farm employment fluctuated around 1.5 million.[75] The government sector provides the most jobs, with 339,300 in 2011, followed by the transportation and utilities sector, providing 279,500 jobs, and the sectors of education, business, and manufacturing, providing 207,800, 177,400, and 132,700 jobs, respectively.[75] Among the state's largest industries, the aerospace sector generates $11 billion annually.[68] Tulsa is home to the largest airline maintenance base in the world, which serves as the global maintenance and engineering headquarters for American Airlines.[77] In total, aerospace accounts for more than 10 percent of Oklahoma's industrial output, and it is one of the top 10 states in aerospace engine manufacturing.[8] Because of its position in the center of the United States, Oklahoma is also among the top states for logistic centers, and a major contributor to weather-related research.[68] The state is the top manufacturer of tires in North America and contains one of the fastest-growing biotechnology industries in the nation.[68] In 2005, international exports from Oklahoma's manufacturing industry totaled $4.3 billion, accounting for 3.6 percent of its economic impact.[78] Tire manufacturing, meat processing, oil and gas equipment manufacturing, and air conditioner manufacturing are the state's largest manufacturing industries.[79]
Energy[link]
Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling rigs,[74][80] and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves.[81] While the state ranked eighth for installed wind energy capacity in 2011,[82] it is at the bottom of states in usage of renewable energy, with 94 percent of its electricity being generated by non-renewable sources in 2009, including 25 percent from coal and 46 percent from natural gas.[83] Ranking 13th for total energy consumption per capita in 2009,[84] Oklahoma's energy costs were 8th lowest in the nation.[85] As a whole, the oil energy industry contributes $35 billion to Oklahoma's gross domestic product, and employees of Oklahoma oil-related companies earn an average of twice the state's typical yearly income.[74] In 2009, the state had 83,700 commercial oil wells churning 65.374 million barrels (10,393,600 m3) of crude oil.[86] Eight and a half percent of the nation's natural gas supply is held in Oklahoma, with 1.673 trillion cubic feet (47.4 km3) being produced in 2009.[86]
According to Forbes Magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation,[87] and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related.[67] Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune Magazine.[88] The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.[88]
Agriculture[link]
The 27th-most agriculturally productive state, Oklahoma is fifth in cattle production and fifth in production of wheat.[66][89] Approximately 5.5 percent of American beef comes from Oklahoma, while the state produces 6.1 percent of American wheat, 4.2 percent of American pig products, and 2.2 percent of dairy products.[66] The state had 83,500 farms in 2005, collectively producing $4.3 billion in animal products and fewer than one billion dollars in crop output with more than $6.1 billion added to the state's gross domestic product.[66] Poultry and swine are its second and third-largest agricultural industries.[89]
Culture[link]
File:Pioneer Woman Statue.jpg
Oklahoma's heritage as a pioneer state is depicted with the Pioneer Woman statue in Ponca City.
Oklahoma is placed in the South by the United States Census Bureau,[90] but lies fully or partially in the Southwest, and southern cultural regions by varying definitions, and partially in the Upland South and Great Plains by definitions of abstract geographical-cultural regions.[91] Oklahomans have a high rate of German, English, Scotch-Irish, and Native American ancestry,[92] with 25 different native languages spoken.[13] Because many Native Americans were forced to move to Oklahoma when White settlement in North America increased, Oklahoma has a lot of linguistic diversity. Mary Linn, an associate professor of anthropology at the University of Oklahoma and the associate curator of Native American languages at the Noble Museum, said that Oklahoma also has high levels of language endangerment.[93]
Six governments have claimed the area now known as Oklahoma at different times,[94] and 67 Native American tribes are represented in Oklahoma,[45] including the greatest number of tribal headquarters and 39 federally recognized nations.[95] Western ranchers, Native American tribes, southern settlers, and eastern oil barons have shaped the state's cultural predisposition, and its largest cities have been named among the most underrated cultural destinations in the United States.[96][97] While residents of Oklahoma are associated with stereotypical traits of southern hospitality – the Catalogue for Philanthropy ranks Oklahomans 4th in the nation for overall generosity[98] – the state has also been associated with a negative cultural stereotype first popularized by John Steinbeck's novel "The Grapes of Wrath", which described the plight of uneducated, poverty-stricken Dust Bowl-era farmers deemed "Okies".[99][100][101] However, the term is often used in a positive manner by Oklahomans.[100]
Arts and theater[link]
Further information: List of Native American artists from Oklahoma
In the state's largest urban areas, pockets of jazz culture flourish,[103] and Native American, Mexican American, and Asian American communities produce music and art of their respective cultures.[104] The Oklahoma Mozart Festival in Bartlesville is one of the largest classical music festivals in the southern United States,[105] and Oklahoma City's Festival of the Arts has been named one of the top fine arts festivals in the nation.[103]
The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States.[103] The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.[106][107][108] In Sand Springs, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" is the official performance headquarters for the musical Oklahoma![109] Historically, the state has produced musical styles such as The Tulsa Sound and Western Swing, which was popularized at Cain's Ballroom in Tulsa. The building, known as the "Carnegie Hall of Western Swing",[110] served as the performance headquarters of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys during the 1930s.[111] Stillwater is known as the epicenter of Red Dirt music, the best-known proponent of which is the late Bob Childers.
Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep. CityRep is a professional company affording equity points to those performers and technical theatre professionals. In Tulsa, Oklahoma's oldest resident professional company is American Theatre Company, and Theatre Tulsa is the oldest community theatre company west of the Mississippi. Other companies in Tulsa include Heller Theatre and Tulsa Spotlight Theater. The cities of Norman, Lawton, and Stillwater, among others, also host well-reviewed community theatre companies.
Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums.[103] The Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 fine art museums in the United States,[102] and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region.[103] The collections of Thomas Gilcrease are housed in the Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa, which also holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.[112] The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago, IL and Los Angeles, CA.[113] The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world,[114] and Oklahoma City's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier.[103] With remnants of the Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.[115]
Festivals and events[link]
Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association,[116] and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions. During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the Oklahoma State Fair attracts close to one million people,[117] and large pow-wows, Asian festivals, and Juneteenth celebrations are held in the city each year. The Tulsa State Fair attracts over one million people during its 10-day run,[118] and the city's Mayfest festival entertained more than 375,000 people in four days during 2007.[119] In 2006, Tulsa's Oktoberfest was named one of the top 10 in the world by USA Today and one of the top German food festivals in the nation by Bon Appetit magazine.[120] Tulsa also hosts the annual music festival Dfest, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma’s first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003. The Medieval Fair of Norman is Oklahoma’s "largest weekend event and the third largest event in Oklahoma, and was selected by Events Media Network as one of the top 100 events in the nation."[121]
Education[link]
With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008.[122] Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009-10 school year.[123] Ranked near the bottom of states in expenditures per student, Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, 47th in the nation,[122] though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.[124] The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling.[125] High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate.[126] In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.[127][128]
Oklahoma State University, The University of Oklahoma, and The University of Central Oklahoma are the largest public institutions of higher education in Oklahoma, operating through one primary campus and satellite campuses throughout the state. The two state universities, along with Oklahoma City University and the University of Tulsa, rank among the country's best in undergraduate business programs,[129] The University of Tulsa College of Law, Oklahoma City University's School of Law, and the University of Oklahoma College of Law are the state's only ABA accredited institutions. The University of Oklahoma and University of Tulsa are in the top percentage of universities nationally for academic ratings, with the University of Tulsa the only university ranked in the top 100.[130] Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities,[131] including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River,[132] also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma[133] and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and amount.[132][134] Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college. Six of the state's universities were placed in the Princeton Review's list of best 122 regional colleges in 2007,[135] and three made the list of top colleges for best value. The state has 55 post-secondary technical institutions operated by Oklahoma's CareerTech program for training in specific fields of industry or trade.[122]
In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a masters degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278 degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008). The national average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.[136]
Sports[link]
Oklahoma supports popular sports, with teams in basketball, football, arena football, baseball, soccer, hockey, and wrestling located in Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Enid, Norman, and Lawton. The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association and the Tulsa Shock of the Women's National Basketball Association are the state's only major league sports franchises, but minor league sports, including minor league baseball at the Minor league baseball AAA and AA levels Oklahoma City RedHawks and Tulsa Drillers, respectively, hockey with the Oklahoma City Barons in the AHL and Tulsa Oilers in the CHL, and arena football in the Arena Football League is hosted by the Tulsa Talons. Oklahoma City also hosts the Oklahoma City Lightning playing in the National Women's Football Association, and Tulsa is the base for the Tulsa 66ers of the NBA Development League and the Tulsa Revolution, which plays in the American Indoor Soccer League.[137] Enid and Lawton host professional basketball teams in the USBL and the CBA.
The NBA's New Orleans Hornets became the first major league sports franchise based in Oklahoma when the team was forced to relocate to Oklahoma City's Ford Center for two seasons following Hurricane Katrina in 2005.[138] In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, owned by a group of Oklahoma City businessmen led by Clayton Bennett, relocated to Oklahoma City and announced that play would begin at Ford Center as the Oklahoma City Thunder in 2008, becoming the state's first permanent major league franchise.[139]
Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The University of Oklahoma Sooners and the Oklahoma State University Cowboys average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and the University of Oklahoma's American football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games.[140] The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports Illustrated magazine rates the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University among the top colleges for athletics in the nation.[141][142] In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges or universities participate in the NAIA, mostly within the Sooner Athletic Conference.[143]
Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa.[144] Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001.[145] Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.[146]
Health[link]
File:ICIO2.jpg
INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, Located at Oklahoma City, OK
The state was the 21st-largest recipient of medical funding from the federal government in 2005, with health-related federal expenditures in the state totaling $75,801,364; immunizations, bioterrorism preparedness, and health education were the top three most funded medical items.[147] Instances of major diseases are near the national average in Oklahoma, and the state ranks at or slightly above the rest of the country in percentage of people with asthma, diabetes, cancer, and hypertension.[147]
In 2000, Oklahoma ranked 45th in physicians per capita and slightly below the national average in nurses per capita, but was slightly over the national average in hospital beds per 100,000 people and above the national average in net growth of health services over a 12-year period.[148] One of the worst states for percentage of insured people, nearly 25 percent of Oklahomans between the age of 18 and 64 did not have health insurance in 2005, the fifth-highest rate in the nation.[149] Oklahomans are in the upper half of Americans in terms of obesity prevalence, and the state is the 5th most obese in the nation, with 30.3 percent of its population at or near obesity.[150] Oklahoma ranked last among the 50 states in a 2007 study by the Commonwealth Fund on health care performance.[151]
INTEGRIS Cancer Institute of Oklahoma, along with Proton Therapy Center, is the 6th comprehensive cancer treatment centers in the country currently providing both conventional radiation therapy and proton therapy.[152] The OU Medical Center, Oklahoma's largest collection of hospitals is the only hospital in the state designated a Level I trauma center by the American College of Surgeons. OU Medical Center is located on the grounds of the Oklahoma Health Center in Oklahoma City, the state's largest concentration of medical research facilities.[153][154] The Regional Medical Center of the Cancer Treatment Centers of America in Tulsa is one of four such regional facilities nationwide, offering cancer treatment to the entire southwestern United States, and is one of the largest cancer treatment hospitals in the country.[155] The largest osteopathic teaching facility in the nation, Oklahoma State University Medical Center at Tulsa, also rates as one of the largest facilities in the field of neuroscience.[156][157]
Media[link]
Main articles: List of radio stations in Oklahoma and List of television stations in Oklahoma
File:TulsaWorld.jpg
The second largest newspaper in Oklahoma, the Tulsa World has a circulation of 189,789.[158]
Oklahoma City and Tulsa are the 45th and 61st-largest media markets in the United States as ranked by Nielsen Media Research. The state's third-largest media market, Lawton-Wichita Falls, Texas, is ranked 149th nationally by the agency.[159] Broadcast television in Oklahoma began in 1949 when KFOR-TV (then WKY-TV) in Oklahoma City and KOTV-TV in Tulsa began broadcasting a few months apart.[160] Currently, all major American broadcast networks have affiliated television stations in the state.[161]
The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558.[158] Oklahoma's first newspaper was established in 1844, called the Cherokee Advocate, and was written in both Cherokee and English.[162] In 2006, there were more than 220 newspapers located in the state, including 177 with weekly publications and 48 with daily publications.[162]
The state's first radio station, WKY in Oklahoma City, signed on in 1920, followed by KRFU in Bristow, which later on moved to Tulsa and became KVOO in 1927.[163] In 2006, there were more than 500 radio stations in Oklahoma broadcasting with various local or nationally owned networks. Five universities in Oklahoma operate non-commercial, public radio stations/networks. [164]
Oklahoma has a few ethnic-oriented TV stations broadcasting in Spanish, Asian languages and sometimes have Native American programming. TBN, a Christian religious television network has a studio in Tulsa, and built their first entirely TBN-owned affiliate in Oklahoma City in 1980.[165]
Transportation[link]
Transportation in Oklahoma is generated by an anchor system of Interstate Highways, intercity rail lines, airports, inland ports, and mass transit networks. Situated along an integral point in the United States Interstate network, Oklahoma contains three interstate highways and four auxiliary Interstate Highways. In Oklahoma City, Interstate 35 intersects with Interstate 44 and Interstate 40, forming one of the most important intersections along the United States highway system.[166] More than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten turnpikes or major toll roads,[166] and the longest drivable stretch of Route 66 in the nation.[167] In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars.[168] In 2010, the state had the nation's third highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 5,212 bridges in disrepair, including 235 National Highway System Bridges.[169]
In March 2011, Oklahoma ranked as a bottom-seven "Worst" state (tied with Georgia and Illinois) in the American State Litter Scorecard. The Sooner State suffers from overall poor effectiveness and quality of its statewide public space cleanliness (primarily from roadway and adjacent litter/debris abatement)--due to state and related eradication standards and performance indicators.[170]
Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010.[171] Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010.[172] Between the two, thirteen major airlines operate in Oklahoma.[173][174] In terms of traffic, R.L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008.[175] In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.[176]
Oklahoma is connected to the nation's rail network via Amtrak's Heartland Flyer, its only regional passenger rail line. It currently stretches from Oklahoma City to Fort Worth, Texas, though lawmakers began seeking funding in early 2007 to connect the Heartland Flyer to Tulsa.[177] Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year.[178][179] Both ports are located on the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River via the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world.[179]
Law and government[link]
Main article: Government of Oklahoma
Oklahoma is a constitutional republic with a government modeled after the Federal Government of the United States, with executive, legislative, and judicial branches.[180] The state has 77 counties with jurisdiction over most local government functions within each respective domain,[20] five congressional districts, and a voting base with a majority in the Democratic Party.[14] State officials are elected by plurality voting in the state of Oklahoma.
State government[link]
The Legislature of Oklahoma consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. As the lawmaking branch of the state government, it is responsible for raising and distributing the money necessary to run the government. The Senate has 48 members serving four-year terms, while the House has 101 members with two-year terms. The state has a term limit for its legislature that restricts any one person to a total of twelve cumulative years service between both legislative branches.[181][182]
Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.[181]
The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the Legislature. The responsibilities of the Executive branch include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and ensuring peace within the state is preserved.[183]
Local government[link]
The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff.[184] While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction.[185][186] Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.
Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.[187][188]
National politics[link]
| Year | Republicans | Democrats |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 65.65% 960,165 | 34.35% 502,496 |
| 2004 | 65.57% 959,792 | 34.43% 503,966 |
| 2000 | 60.31% 744,337 | 38.43% 474,276 |
| 1996 | 48.26% 582,315 | 40.45% 488,105 |
| 1992 | 42.65% 592,929 | 34.02% 473,066 |
| 1988 | 57.93% 678,367 | 41.28% 483,423 |
| 1984 | 68.61% 861,530 | 30.67% 385,080 |
| 1980 | 60.50% 695,570 | 34.97% 402,026 |
| 1976 | 49.96% 545,708 | 48.75% 532,442 |
| 1972 | 73.70% 759,025 | 24.00% 247,147 |
| 1968 | 47.68% 449,697 | 31.99% 301,658 |
| 1964 | 44.25% 412,665 | 55.75% 519,834 |
| 1960 | 59.02% 533,039 | 40.98% 533,039 |
Main article: Politics of Oklahoma
For most of the first half of the 20th century, Oklahoma was a Democratic stronghold. From 1908 to 1948, the state only supported a Republican twice, in 1920 and 1928. However, Oklahoma Democrats have always been considerably more conservative than their counterparts in the rest of the nation, and the state has become increasingly friendly to Republicans at the national level.
Though registered Republicans are a minority in the state,[14] Oklahoma has voted for a Republican for President in all but one election since 1952. In 2004 and 2008, George W. Bush and John McCain swept every county in the state, both receiving over 65 percent of the statewide vote. In 2008, Oklahoma was the only state whose counties voted unanimously for McCain.[190]
Generally, Republicans are strongest in Oklahoma City, Tulsa and their close-in suburbs, as well as the Panhandle. Democrats are strongest in the eastern part of the state and Little Dixie.
Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there are no changes in party strength, and the delegation has four Republicans and one Democrat. Oklahoma's U.S. senators are Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives are John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).
Further information: Political party strength in Oklahoma
Cities and towns[link]
See also: List of cities in Oklahoma and List of towns in Oklahoma
.jpg)
Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including three cities over 100,000 in population and 40 over 10,000.[191] Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 58 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the largest metropolitan area in the state in 2010, with 1,252,987 people, and the metropolitan area of Tulsa had 937,478 residents.[192] Between 2000 and 2010, the cities that led the state in population growth were Blanchard 172.4%, Elgin 78.2%, Piedmont 56.7%, Bixby 56.6%, and Owasso 56.3%.[191]
In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.[193]
Under Oklahoma law, municipalities are divided into two categories: cities, defined as having more than 1,000 residents, and towns, with under 1,000 residents. Both have legislative, judicial, and public power within their boundaries, but cities can choose between a mayor-council, council-manager, or strong mayor form of government, while towns operate through an elected officer system.[185]
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1890 | 258,657 |
|
|
| 1900 | 790,391 | 205.6% | |
| 1910 | 1,657,155 | 109.7% | |
| 1920 | 2,028,283 | 22.4% | |
| 1930 | 2,396,040 | 18.1% | |
| 1940 | 2,336,434 | −2.5% | |
| 1950 | 2,233,351 | −4.4% | |
| 1960 | 2,328,284 | 4.3% | |
| 1970 | 2,559,229 | 9.9% | |
| 1980 | 3,025,290 | 18.2% | |
| 1990 | 3,145,585 | 4.0% | |
| 2000 | 3,450,654 | 9.7% | |
| 2010 | 3,751,351 | 8.7% | |
| Source: 1910–2010[194] | |||
Main article: Demographics of Oklahoma
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Oklahoma was 3,791,508 on July 1, 2011, a 1.07% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[1]
At the 2010 Census, 68.7% of the population was non-Hispanic White, down from 88% in 1970,[195] 7.3% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 8.2% non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.7% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.1% non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 0.1% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 5.1% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). 8.9% of Oklahoma's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race).
As of 2008[update] Oklahoma had a population of 3,642,361[196] with an estimated 2005 ancestral makeup of 14.5% German, 13.1% American, 11.8% Irish, 9.6% English, 8.1% African American, and 11.4% Native American (including 7.9% Cherokee[197][198]) though the percentage of people claiming American Indian as their only race was 8.1%.[199] Most people from Oklahoma who self-identify as having American ancestry are of overwhelmingly English ancestry with significant amounts of Scottish and Welsh inflection as well.[200][201] The state had the second-highest number of Native Americans in 2002, estimated at 395,219, as well as the second highest percentage among all states.[198] As of 2006, 4.7% of Oklahoma's residents were foreign born,[202] compared to 12.4% for the nation.[203] The center of population of Oklahoma is located in Lincoln County near the town of Sparks.[204]
The state's 2006 per capita personal income ranked 37th at $32,210, though it has the third-fastest growing per capita income in the nation[9] and ranks consistently among the lowest states in cost of living index.[205] The Oklahoma City suburb Nichols Hills is first on Oklahoma locations by per capita income at $73,661, though Tulsa County holds the highest average.[193] In 2006, 6.8% of Oklahomans were under the age of 5, 25.9% under 18, and 13.2% were 65 or older. Females made up 50.9% of the population.
| By race | White | Black | AIAN* | Asian | NHPI* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 (total population) | 82.59% | 8.31% | 11.39% | 1.71% | 0.15% |
| 2000 (Hispanic only) | 4.73% | 0.19% | 0.37% | 0.05% | 0.02% |
| 2005 (total population) | 82.20% | 8.55% | 11.31% | 1.92% | 0.16% |
| 2005 (Hispanic only) | 6.10% | 0.24% | 0.35% | 0.06% | 0.03% |
| Growth 2000–05 (total population) | 2.33% | 5.76% | 2.04% | 15.49% | 9.51% |
| Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) | 0.50% | 5.17% | 2.22% | 15.19% | 9.47% |
| Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) | 32.58% | 31.44% | -3.27% | 25.17% | 9.69% |
| * AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | |||||
Religion[link]
Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by widespread conservative Christianity and Evangelical Protestantism known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southeastern United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views. Tulsa, the state's second largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is known as one of the "buckles of the Bible Belt".[206][207] According to the Pew Research Center, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents – 85 percent – are Christian, accounting for about 80 percent of the population. The percentage of Oklahomans affiliated with Catholicism is half of the national average, while the percentage affiliated with Evangelical Protestantism is more than twice the national average – tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state.[208]
Adherents participate in 73 major affiliations spread between 5,854 congregations, ranging from the Southern Baptist Convention, with 1578 churches and 967,223 members, to the Holy Orthodox Church in North America, with 1 church and 6 members. The state's largest church memberships are in the Southern Baptist Convention, the United Methodist Church, with 322,794 members, the Roman Catholic Church, with 168,625, the Assemblies of God, with 88,301, and Churches of Christ, with 83,047.[209] In 2000, there were about 5,000 Jews and 6,000 Muslims, with 10 congregations to each group.[209]
Oklahoma religious makeup:[209][A]
- Evangelical Protestant – 53%
- Mainline Protestant – 16%
- Catholic – 13%
- Other – 6%[B]
- Unaffiliated – 12%
State symbols[link]
See also: list of Oklahoma state symbols
State law codifies Oklahoma’s state emblems and honorary positions;[211] the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations.
State symbols:[212]
- State bird: Scissor-tailed flycatcher
- State tree: Eastern Redbud
- State mammal: American Bison
- State vegetable: Watermelon[213]
- State beverage: Milk
- State fruit: Strawberry
- State game bird: Wild Turkey
- State fish: Sand bass
- State floral emblem: Mistletoe
- State flower: Oklahoma Rose
- State wildflower: Indian Blanket (Gaillardia pulchellum)
- State grass: Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans)
- State fossil: Saurophaganax maximus[214]
- State rock: Rose rock
- State insect: Honeybee
- State soil: Port Silt Loam
- State reptile: Collared Lizard
- State amphibian: Bullfrog
- State meal: fried okra, squash, cornbread, barbecue pork, biscuits, sausage and gravy, grits, corn, strawberries, chicken fried steak, pecan pie, and black-eyed peas.
- State folk dance: Square Dance
- State percussive instrument: drum
- State waltz: Oklahoma Wind
- State butterfly: Black Swallowtail
- State song: "Oklahoma!"
- State language: English
- State Gospel Song: "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"
- State rock song: "Do You Realize??" by The Flaming Lips[215]
See also[link]
- Outline of Oklahoma
- Index of Oklahoma-related articles
- Great Plains
- Indian territory
- List of National Register of Historic Places in Oklahoma
- List of people from Oklahoma
- Competitive Advantage – Oklahoma
Notes[link]
- A. ^ Determined by a survey by the Pew Research Center in 2008. Percentages represent claimed religious beliefs, not necessarily membership in any particular congregation. Figures have a ±5 percent margin of error.[208]
- B. ^ Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, other faiths each account for less than 1 percent. Jehovah's Witness, Mormons, Orthodox Christianity, and other Christian traditions each compose less than .5% percent. 1% refused to answer the Pew Research Center's survey.[208]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
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- ^ "Princeton review raves TU" (PDF). The Collegian. 2002-09-24. http://www.utulsa.edu/collegian/pdf/vol88iss03.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Student Center Financial Aid". Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. 2008. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080323062821/http://www.okhighered.org/student-center/financial-aid/rubs.shtml. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ a b "NSU Demographics" (PDF). Northeastern State University. 2006. http://arapaho.nsuok.edu/~research/formsguide/NSU%20DEMOGRAPHICS%202005-2006.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
- ^ "Rare Eye Condition Takes Center Stage At NSUOCO". Northeastern State University. 2008. http://www.nsuba.edu/news/story.php?1960. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ "INBRE Participants". Oklahoma Idea Network of Biomedical Research Excellence. http://okinbre.org/participating%20institutions.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-06.
- ^ "OBU Named to The Princeton Review "Best in the West" list". Oklahoma Baptist University. 2005-08-26. http://www.okbu.edu/news/view_article.php?id=482. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Oklahoma Colleges: A Profile of College Degree Programs & Post-Secondary Education in Oklahoma". http://www.collegedegreereport.com/articles/oklahoma-colleges-profile-college-degree-programs-post-secondary-education-oklahoma.
- ^ Hibdon, Glenn (2007-07-29). "Pro soccer: Soccer comes to Tulsa". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/sports/article.aspx?articleID=070729_2_B2_hTheT26273. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "BA Team Valuations – No. 29 New Orleans Hornets". PGA. 2007-01-25. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/32/biz_06nba_New-Orleans-Hornets_328959.html. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Sonics, city reach settlement". The Seattle Times. 2008-07-02. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2008030229_sonitrial02.html. Retrieved 2008-07-02.
- ^ "Attendance Records" (pdf). National Collegiate Athletic Association. 2011. http://fs.ncaa.org/Docs/stats/football_records/2011/Attendance.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
- ^ "America's Best Sports Colleges: 1–10". Sports Illustrated. 2002-10-07. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/1_10/. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "America's Best Sports Colleges: 11–100". Sports Illustrated. 2002-10-07. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/11_100/. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Member Institutions". NAIA. 2005. http://naia.cstv.com/member-services/about/members.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Oklahoma's Top 10 Private Golf Courses". Tulsaweb. http://www.tulsaweb.com/Golf/Private.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Southern Hills Country Club is rich in History". PGA. 2007. http://www.pga.com/pgachampionship/2007/news/20060228_history.html. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Rodeo History". Guymon Rodeo Foundation. Archived from the original on May 16, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070516235959/http%3A//www.guymonrodeo.com/rodeohistory.htm. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
- ^ a b "Health Report: Oklahoma". Trust for America's Health. http://healthyamericans.org/state/index.php?StateID=OK. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "State health workforce profiles:Oklahoma" (PDF). United States Department of Health and Human Services. ftp://ftp.hrsa.gov/bhpr/workforce/summaries/Oklahoma03.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Health insurance, lack of coverage among adults: State, 2002–2005". United States Department of Health and Human Services. http://209.217.72.34/HDAA/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=151. Retrieved 2007-09-08.
- ^ "U.S. Obesity Trends". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/trends.html. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
- ^ Hitti, Miranda (June 13, 2007). "How States Rank on Health Care". WebMD Health News. http://www.webmd.com/news/20070613/how-states-rank-on-health-care. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
- ^ http://www.cancer.gov/ncicancerbulletin/090809/page8/
- ^ "OU Medical Center Employment Opportunities". University of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 16, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070816235959/http%3A//www.oumedcenter.com/eRecruit.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Trauma One Center". University of Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 16, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070816235959/http%3A//www.oumedcenter.com/CustomPage.asp%3FguidCustomContentID%3D3F100B4D-6724-11D4-81F3-00508B1249D5. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Southwestern Regional Medical Center". Cancer Treatment Centers of America. http://www.cancercenter.com/southwestern-hospital/about-this-hospital.cfm. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
- ^ "Tulsa Regional Medical Center Changes its name to OSU Medical Center". Oklahoma State University. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013231828/http://osu.okstate.edu/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=479&Itemid=90. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Basic Biomedical Research in the OSU College of Osteopathic Medicine". Oklahoma State University. Archived from the original on September 1, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060901125105/http://www.research.okstate.edu/report00/com/comnar.html. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ a b "2011 Top Media Outlets: Newspapers, Blogs, Consumer Magazines & Social Network" (PDF). BurrellesLuce. 2011. http://www.burrellesluce.com/sites/default/files/TopMedia2011_UpdatedFebruary2011_FINAL.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "Local Television Market Universe Estimates Comparisons of 2008–09 and 2009–10 Market Ranks" (pdf). Nielsen Media. http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/2009-2010-dma-ranks.pdf. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "Historical Highlights of Television in Tulsa, Oklahoma". Tulsa TV History. http://www.tulsatvmemories.com/tvthesi2.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "U.S. Television Stations in Oklahoma". Global Computing. 2007. http://www.globalcomputing.com/GetTV_Map1.cfm?PageNum_q_GetTV_Map=1&stateid=OK. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ a b "History of Newspapers in Oklahoma". Oklahoma Historical Society. http://www.okhistory.org/research/collections/news_history.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "Oklahoma Fun Facts". Legends of America. 2007. Archived from the original on November 7, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061107223915/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/OK-Facts2.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "Complete List of Radio Stations in the State of OK". On the Radio.net. 2006. http://www.ontheradio.net/states/oklahoma.aspx. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ Federal Communications Commission. "Call Sign History". http://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/ws.exe/prod/cdbs/pubacc/prod/call_hist.pl?Facility_id=67999&Callsign=KTBO-TV. Retrieved 2010-05-16.
- ^ a b "Transportation in Oklahoma City". Oklahoma City Chamber of Commerce. 2007. http://www.okcchamber.com/index.php?submenu=Transportation&src=gendocs&ref=Transportation&category=OklahomaCity. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Route 66 – Facts and Trivia". Legends of America. 2007. http://www.legendsofamerica.com/66-Facts.html. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "2008 Annual Average Daily Traffic" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Transportation. 2008. http://www.okladot.state.ok.us/hqdiv/p-r-div/maps/aadt/2008/statemap.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ^ "Deficient Bridges by State and Highway System". United States Department of Transportation – Federal Highway Administration. 2010. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/nbi/defbr10.cfm. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ^ S. Spacek, 2011 American State Litter Scorecard: New Rankings for an Increasingly Environmentally Concerned Populace.
- ^ "Aviation Activity Report December 2010". Oklahoma City Airport Authority. 2010. http://www.flyokc.com/statistics/December%2010%20Activity.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ "Passenger Boarding (Enplanement) and All-Cargo Data for U.S. Airports" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 2010. http://www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/passenger_allcargo_stats/passenger/media/cy10_primary_enplanements_prelim.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ "Tulsa International Airport – Airline Information". Tulsa Airport Authority. 2007. http://www.tulsaairports.com/index.cfm?id=3. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Will Rogers World Airports – Airline Information". Oklahoma City Airport Authority. 2004. http://www.flyokc.com/index.aspx?page=service. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Riverside Jones Airport". Tulsa Airport Authority. 2007. http://www.tulsaairports.com/index.cfm?id=11. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
- ^ "Airports of Oklahoma". Oklahoma Airport Operators Association. Archived from the original on August 16, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070816235959/http%3A//www.okairports.com/airports.html. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ Barber, Brian. "Federal matching funds may help bring Amtrak to Tulsa". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070118_Ne_A11_el2Fe11577. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- ^ "Live in Tulsa". Tulsa Chamber of Commerce. 2005. Archived from the original on May 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070525155014/http://tulsaok.usachamber.com/custom2.asp?pageid=1189. Retrieved 2007-07-14.
- ^ a b "What's new at the port?". Tulsa Port Authority. http://www.tulsaport.com/news_and_events.html. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- ^ "State Government – Oklahoma". GoveEngine.com. 2006. http://www.govengine.com/stategov/oklahoma.html. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ a b "Oklahoma State Government". Netstate. 2007-06-07. http://www.netstate.com/states/government/ok_government.htm. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ "Legislative Longevity Limits". U.S. Term Limits. http://www.ustl.org/leglong.html. Retrieved 2007-08-09.
- ^ "Report of the Governor's Commission on Government Performance". Governor's Commission. 1995-12-01. Archived from the original on August 16, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070816235959/http%3A//www.oklaosf.state.ok.us/osfdocs/gvcmmsh2.html. Retrieved 2007-08-06.
- ^ "List of County Officers". Government of Oklahoma. 2006-01-06. http://www.state.ok.us/osfdocs/county.html. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b "Oklahoma Municipal Government" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Libraries. 2005. http://www.odl.state.ok.us/almanac/2005/12-muni.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
- ^ Diehl, Don (2007-07-24). "Metro About Jenks population figures ... doubled in size since 2000 census". Neighbor Newspapers. http://www.zwire.com/site/news.cfm?BRD=2754&dept_id=573976&newsid=18622071&PAG=461&rfi=9. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ Henry, Robert (1989-03-22). "Oklahoma Attorney General's Opinions: Question Submitted by: The Honorable Enoch Kelly Haney, Oklahoma State Senate". The Oklahoma State Courts Network. http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=61934. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ^ Robertson, Lindsay (2001). "Native Americans and the Law: Native Americans Under Current United States Law". University of Oklahoma. http://thorpe.ou.edu/guide/robertson.html. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ^ Leip, David. "Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Oklahoma". US Election Atlas. http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2008&fips=40&f=1&off=0&elect=0&type=state. Retrieved December 29, 2009.
- ^ "Presidential Election of 2004 in Oklahoma" (PDF). Oklahoma State Election Board. Oklahoma State Election Board. 2004. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070926005521/http://www.ok.gov/~elections/04pres.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
- ^ a b Oklahoma Department of Commerce. "2000–2010 Oklahoma Incorporated Place Populations" (xls). http://www.okcommerce.gov/file/2000-2010-Oklahoma-Incorporate_3238.xls. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ "P1 Total Population All Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas (or parts) within Oklahoma". US Census Bureau. 2010. http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/P1/0400000US40.32000. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
- ^ a b "Oklahoma Census Data Center News" (PDF). Oklahoma Department of Commerce. July 2007. http://staging.okcommerce.gov/test1/dmdocuments/2007_July_Oklahoma_Census_Data_Center_News_1907072217.pdf. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
- ^ "Oklahoma - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1890 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ "State Fact Sheets: Oklahoma". Economic Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-12-09. http://www.ers.usda.gov/statefacts/ok.htm. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
- ^ "Oklahoma – Selected Social Characteristics". United States Census Bureau. 2005. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US40&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_DP2&-context=adp&-ds_name=&-tree_id=305&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-format=. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
- ^ a b "The American Indian and Alaska Native Population: 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2002. http://www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/c2kbr01-15.pdf. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "Oklahoma QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. 2006-01-12. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/40000.html. Retrieved 2008-07-10.
- ^ David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.602–645
- ^ Sharing the Dream: White Males in a Multicultural America By Dominic J. Pulera.
- ^ "Immigration Impact:Oklahoma". Federation for American Immigration Reform. Archived from the original on October 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071029084957/http://www.fairus.org/site/PageServer?pagename=research_researchd66d. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
- ^ "National Selected Social Characteristics". U.S. Census Bureau. 2005. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_DP2&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-_lang=en&-_caller=geoselect&-redoLog=false. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "2010 Census Centers of Population by State". U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/2010census/centerpop2010/CenPop2010_Mean_ST.txt. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
- ^ "More or Less". Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. Oklahoma Chamber of Commerce. 2007. http://www.okcommerce.gov/index.php?ption=content&task=view&id=330&Itemid=411. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ Bram, Thursday. "Jewish Life in the Bible Belt". New Voices Magazine. Archived from the original on 2007-01-21. http://web.archive.org/web/20070121104922/http://www.newvoices.org/cgi-bin/articlepage.cgi?id=672. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ Sherman, Bill (2007-04-29). "Minister’s book plunges into cultural issues". Tulsa World. http://www.tulsaworld.com/news/article.aspx?articleID=070428_8_H7_TheRe84848&breadcrumb=religion. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ a b c "U.S. Religious Landscapes Survey". The Pew Forum on Religion and Life. http://religions.pewforum.org/maps. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
- ^ a b c "State Membership Report – Oklahoma". Association of Religion Data Archives. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/40_2000.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ^ "New Oklahoma Quarter Launches into History". United States Mint. http://www.usmint.gov/pressroom/index.cfm?flash=yes&action=press_release&id=862. Retrieved 2008-02-09.
- ^ "OCIS Document Index". The Oklahoma Supreme Court Network. http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/index.asp?ftdb=STOKST&level=1. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ "Oklahoma State Icons". Oklahoma Department of Libraries. http://www.state.ok.us/osfdocs/stinfo.html. Retrieved 2007-05-11.
- ^ Okla. Stat. tit. 25, § 3–98.15
- ^ "Oklahoma State Fossil". State fossils. Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070220160253/http://www.statefossils.com/ok/ok.html. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- ^ John Benson, (April 28, 2009). "Flaming Lips prepare for Oklahoma honor". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/chinaNews/idUKTRE53R0L520090428.
Further reading[link]
- Baird, W. David; and Danney Goble (1994). The Story of Oklahoma. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2650-7.
- Dale, Edward Everett; and Morris L. Wardell (1948). History of Oklahoma. New York: Prentice-Hall. http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9570550.
- Gibson, Arrell Morgan (1981). Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (2nd ed. ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1758-3.
- Goble, Danney (1980). Progressive Oklahoma: The Making of a New Kind of State. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1510-6.
- Jones, Stephen (1974). Oklahoma Politics in State and Nation (vol. 1 (1907–62) ed.). Enid, Okla.: Haymaker Press.
- Joyce, Davis D. (ed.) (1994). An Oklahoma I Had Never Seen Before: Alternative Views of Oklahoma History. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2599-3.
- Morgan, Anne Hodges; and H. Wayne Morgan (eds.) (1982). Oklahoma: New Views of the Forty-sixth State. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1651-X.
- Morgan, David R.; Robert E. England, and George G. Humphreys (1991). Oklahoma Politics and Policies: Governing the Sooner State. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-3106-7.
- Morris, John W.; Charles R. Goins, and Edwin C. McReynolds (1986). Historical Atlas of Oklahoma (3rd ed. ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1991-8.
- Wishart, David J. (ed.) (2004). Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-4787-7. complete text online; 900 pages of scholarly articles
External links[link]
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- General
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| Preceded by Utah |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on November 16, 1907 (46th) |
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Coordinates: 35°30′N 98°00′W / 35.5°N 98°W / 35.5; -98
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) |
This article is about the phrase. For other uses, see The Man (disambiguation).
"The Man" is a slang phrase that may refer to the government or to some other authority in a position of power. In addition to this derogatory connotation, it may also serve as a term of respect and praise.
The phrase "the Man is keeping me down" is commonly used to describe oppression. The phrase "stick it to the Man" encourages resistance to authority, and essentially means "fight back" or "resist", either openly or via sabotage.[1]
Contents |
History[link]
The earliest recorded use[citation needed] of the term "the Man" in the American sense dates back to a letter written by a young Alexander Hamilton in September 1772, when he was 15. In a letter to his father James Hamilton, published in the Royal Dutch-American Gazette, he described the response of the Dutch governor of St. Croix to a hurricane that raked that island on August 31, 1772. "Our General has issued several very salutary and humane regulations and both in his publick and private measures, has shewn himself the Man." [2][dubious – discuss] In the Southern U.S. states, the phrase came to be applied to any man or any group in a position of authority, or to authority in the abstract. From about the 1950s the phrase was also an underworld code word for police, the warden of a prison or other law enforcement or penal authorities.
It was also used as a term for a drug dealer in the 1950s and 1960s and can be seen in such media as Curtis Mayfield's "No Thing On Me", William Burroughs's novel Naked Lunch, and in the Velvet Underground song "I'm Waiting for the Man", in which Lou Reed sings about going to Uptown Manhattan, specifically Lexington Avenue and 125th Street, to buy heroin.
The use of this term was expanded to counterculture groups and their battles against authority, such as the Yippies, which, according to a May 19, 1969 article in U.S. News and World Report, had the "avowed aim ... to destroy 'The Man', their term for the present system of government". The term eventually found its way into humorous usage, such as in a December 1979 motorcycle ad from the magazine Easyriders which featured the tagline, "California residents: Add 6% sales tax for The Man."
In present day, the phrase has been popularized in commercials and cinema, featuring particularly prominently as a recurring motif in the 2003 film School of Rock.[3][4][5][6]
Use as praise[link]
The term has also been used as an approbation or form of praise. This may refer to the recipient's status as the leader or authority within a particular context, or it might be assumed to be a shortened form of a phrase like "He is the man (who is in charge)." One example of this usage dates to 1879 when Otto von Bismarck commented, referring to Benjamin Disraeli's pre-eminent position at the Congress of Berlin, "The old Jew, he is the man."[7][dubious – discuss]
In more modern usage, it can be a superlative compliment ("you da man!") indicating that the subject is currently standing out amongst his peers even though they have no special designation or rank, such as a basketball player who is performing better than the other players on the court. It can also be used as a genuine compliment with an implied, slightly exaggerated or sarcastic tone, usually indicating that the person has indeed impressed the speaker but by doing something relatively trivial.
See also[link]
- Absentee landlord
- Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)
- New World Order (conspiracy theory)
- Ruling class
- The Establishment
- Power elite
- Corrections officer
- YTMND
Notes[link]
- ^ "stick it to the man". AllWords.com (English Dictionary - With Multi-Lingual Search). http://www.allwords.com/word-stick+it+to+the+man.html.
- ^ Papers of Alexander Hamilton, Volume 1, Page 38, Columbia University Press, 1961
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0332379/quotes
- ^ http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/School_of_Rock
- ^ http://www.moviefanatic.com/quotes/movies/school-of-rock/
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=37oJqWp4rJM
- ^ Henry Kissinger, Diplomacy, Simon & Schuster, 1994, p155.
References[link]
- Lighter, J.E. (Ed.). (1997). Random House Dictionary of American Slang. New York: Random House.
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man
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 Ibaka (Left) in action for the Oklahoma City Thunder |
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| Born | (1989-09-18) September 18, 1989 (age 22) Brazzaville, People's Republic of the Congo |
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| Nationality | Congolese/Spanish | ||||||||||||||||
| Listed height | 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) | ||||||||||||||||
| Listed weight | 235 lb (107 kg) | ||||||||||||||||
| Career information | |||||||||||||||||
| NBA Draft | 2008 / Round: 1 / Pick: 24th overall | ||||||||||||||||
| Selected by the Seattle SuperSonics | |||||||||||||||||
| Pro career | 2007–present | ||||||||||||||||
| Career history | |||||||||||||||||
| 2007–2008 | CB L'Hospitalet (Spain) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2008–2009 | Ricoh Manresa (Spain) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2009–present | Oklahoma City Thunder | ||||||||||||||||
| 2011 | Real Madrid (Spain) | ||||||||||||||||
| Career highlights and awards | |||||||||||||||||
| Stats at NBA.com | |||||||||||||||||
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Medals
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Serge Jonas Ibaka Ngobila[1][2] (born September 18, 1989), commonly referred to as Serge Ibaka, is a Congolese-Spanish professional basketball player, playing the power forward position for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the NBA. Ibaka was drafted by the Thunder's former incarnation, the Seattle SuperSonics with the 24th overall pick in the 2008 NBA Draft. He is referred to as Air Congo by his teammates.[3] Serge is the third youngest among eighteen siblings.[4] Although born in the Republic of the Congo, Ibaka represents Spain in international competition.
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Early life[link]
Ibaka was born in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo. Both his mother and his father were basketball players. His father played at the Republic of Congo and with the Congolese national team, and his mother played for the Democratic Republic of Congo. He started playing basketball at a very young age with his first club, Avenir du Rail, using the sport as an escape amongst his mother's untimely death and his father's imprisonment during the Second Congo War.[5]
Ibaka moved to Spain as a teenager and soon found himself playing with several junior basketball clubs, most notably CB L'Hospitalet, with which he won several tournaments.
NBA career[link]
Transition to the NBA[link]
He was selected by the Seattle Supersonics with the 24th pick in the 2008 NBA Draft. He became the first player from the Republic of Congo to be selected in the draft, although the Oklahoma City Thunder (the team that inherited the Sonics' place in the NBA) agreed to keep him in Europe. He then signed a three year contract with Ricoh Manresa from the ACB League in Spain, keeping the option to leave for the NBA after each season. In the ACB, he averaged 7.1 points, 4.5 rebounds, and 1 block in 16 minutes per game.
In July 2009, the Oklahoma City Thunder paid the buyout, and signed him to a two year contract with two more optional seasons.
Ibaka, who spoke no English when he first arrived in the NBA, depended on the help of summer league teammate Moses Ehambe to translate for him.[6] After a lengthy, dedicated year of learning English in addition to the NBA game, Ibaka now speaks a total of five languages: Lingala (native language), French, Catalan, English and Spanish.[7]
Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–present)[link]
Although coming to the NBA as a raw talent, Ibaka has managed to become a starter in the Thunder rotation. Ibaka is often used for his energy in the paint, whether on defense or rebounding. In his first NBA season, Ibaka played 18.1 minutes per game in 73 games, averaging 6.3 points, 5.4 rebounds and 1.3 blocks per game. His blocks average led all rookies in the 2009–2010 season, and he ranked number 20 overall. In the first round of the playoffs against the Los Angeles Lakers, he played in 6 games, averaging 25.5 minutes, 7.8 points, 6.5 rebounds and 2 blocks per game. His 7 blocks in game two in Los Angeles was a record (youngest player to have 7 blocks in playoff game).
On February 19, 2011, Serge Ibaka participated in the 2011 NBA Slam Dunk Contest.[8] He began the contest with a dunk from the free-throw line. In the second round, Ibaka grabbed a stuffed animal from the rim with his mouth and dunked in one motion.
During 2011 NBA lockout he signed a two-month contract with Real Madrid in Spain with an option to return to the NBA at the end of the lockout.[9][10] Over 6 games in the Euroleague, he averaged 5.5 points, 4.7 rebounds and 2 blocks in 15 minutes per game.[11]
After the lockout, Ibaka returned to the NBA after playing in Spain. On February 19, 2012, he recorded his first career triple-double against the Denver Nuggets, scoring 14 points, grabbing 15 rebounds and getting a career-high 11 blocks. Ibaka became the first player in franchise history to record a triple-double with double-digit blocks.[12] He played all 66 games in the shortened season as a starter, averaging the most blocks in the league, 3.6 per game. In voting for the Defensive Player of the Year, he finished second, in front of Orlando's Dwight Howard, who had won the award each of the previous three seasons, but behind Tyson Chandler of the New York Knicks.[13]
Spanish national team[link]
Internationally, Ibaka plays for the Spain national basketball team as he was granted Spanish citizenship on July 15, 2011.[14] His team won the gold medal in the Eurobasket 2011, beating France in the final by a score of 98–85.
NBA career statistics[link]
| Legend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP | Games played | GS | Games started | MPG | Minutes per game |
| FG% | Field-goal percentage | 3P% | 3-point field-goal percentage | FT% | Free-throw percentage |
| RPG | Rebounds per game | APG | Assists per game | SPG | Steals per game |
| BPG | Blocks per game | PPG | Points per game | Bold | Career high |
| Led the league |
Regular season[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009–10 | Oklahoma City | 73 | 0 | 18.1 | .543 | .500 | .630 | 5.4 | .1 | .3 | 1.3 | 6.3 |
| 2010–11 | Oklahoma City | 82 | 44 | 27.0 | .543 | .000 | .750 | 7.6 | .3 | .4 | 2.4 | 9.9 |
| 2011–12 | Oklahoma City | 66 | 66 | 27.2 | .535 | .333 | .661 | 7.5 | .4 | .5 | 3.6[15] | 9.1 |
| Career | 221 | 110 | 24.1 | .540 | .333 | .695 | 6.9 | .3 | .4 | 2.4 | 8.5 |
Playoffs[link]
| Year | Team | GP | GS | MPG | FG% | 3P% | FT% | RPG | APG | SPG | BPG | PPG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | Oklahoma City | 6 | 0 | 25.5 | .571 | .000 | .700 | 6.5 | .3 | .3 | 2.0 | 7.8 |
| 2011 | Oklahoma City | 17 | 17 | 28.8 | .462 | .000 | .825 | 7.3 | .2 | .2 | 3.1 | 9.8 |
| Career | 23 | 17 | 27.9 | .483 | .000 | .800 | 7.1 | .2 | .3 | 2.8 | 9.3 |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Serge Ibaka Official site, sergeibaka.com
- ^ Serge Ibaka Draft 2008 Profile, nba.com
- ^ Latzke, Jeff (April 29, 2011). "Ibaka's impact hidden bonus in Thunder's big trade". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/basketball/nba/2011-04-28-423902442_x.htm. Retrieved April 30, 2011.
- ^ NBA Playoffs broadcast on ABC, April 18, 2010
- ^ "NewsOK". M.newsok.com. 2010-04-13. http://m.newsok.com/s?a=3449202&p=3&s=16. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
- ^ Is Serge Ibaka NBA-Ready?
- ^ "Serge Ibaka Is Back on the Block". www.nytimes.com. 2011-12-10. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/11/sports/basketball/serge-ibaka-back-to-nbas-thunder-from-real-madrid.html?_r=1&ref=sports. Retrieved 2012-03-10.
- ^ "NBA.com". NBA.com. http://www.nba.com/2011/news/01/05/sprite-slam-dunk-participants/index.html. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
- ^ REAL MADRID adds size with Ibaka
- ^ Real Madrid officially announces Serge Ibaka
- ^ IBAKA, SERGE
- ^ "Kevin Durant has career-best 51 as Thunder make history in OT win". ESPN.com. February 19, 2012. http://scores.espn.go.com/nba/recap?gameId=320219025. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ "Knicks' Chandler wins Kia Defensive Player of Year". NBA.com. May 2, 2012. http://www.nba.com/2012/news/05/02/dpoy-release/?ls=iref:nbahpt1. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
- ^ Helin, Kurt (July 15, 2011). "Ibaka granted Spanish citizenship, will play in Eurobasket". MSNBC.com. http://probasketballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/07/15/ibaka-granted-spanish-citizenship-will-play-in-eurobasket/. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ "2011–2012 NBA Stats and League Leaders – National Basketball Association – ESPN". Espn.go.com. http://espn.go.com/nba/statistics/_/year/2012/seasontype/2. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
External links[link]
- Highlights from a Spanish junior tournament on YouTube
- Serge Ibaka at Adidas Nations on YouTube
- Serge Ibaka wins the 2008 ACB Concurso de mates (Dunk contest)
- NBADraft.net Profile
- DraftExpress Profile
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ibaka, Serge |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Spanish basketball player |
| Date of birth | 1989-09-18 |
| Place of birth | Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Serge_Ibaka
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Ибака, Серж
http://fr.wn.com/Serge Ibaka
http://de.wn.com/Serge Ibaka
http://it.wn.com/Serge Ibaka
http://pl.wn.com/Serge Ibaka
http://es.wn.com/Serge Ibaka
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Ibaka
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
