An ouzo bottle

Ouzo (Greek: ούζο, IPA: [ˈuzo]) also nick-named to farmako, is an anise-flavored aperitif that is widely consumed in Greece and Cyprus, and a symbol of Greek culture.

History[link]

Traditionally, tsipouro is said to have been the pet project of a group of 14th century monks living in a monastery on holy Mount Athos. One version of it was flavored with anise. This version eventually came to be called ouzo.^[1]

Modern ouzo distillation largely took off in the beginning of the 19th century following Greek independence, with much production centered on the island of Lesbos, which claims to be the originator of the drink and remains a major producer. When absinthe fell into disfavor in the early 20th century, ouzo is one of the products whose popularity rose (it was once called "a substitute for absinthe without the wormwood").^[2] In 1932, ouzo producers developed a method of distillation using copper stills, which is now the standard method of production. One of the largest producers of ouzo today is Varvayanis (Βαρβαγιάννης), located in the town of Plomari in the southeast portion of the island, while in the same town Pitsiladi (Πιτσιλαδή), a variety of high-quality ouzo, is also distilled.

Ouzo is traditionally mixed with water, becoming cloudy white, sometimes with a faint blue tinge, and served with ice cubes in a small glass. Ouzo can also be drunk straight from a shot glass.

Ouzo is traditionally served with a small plate of a variety of appetizers called mezes, usually small fresh fish, fries, olives and feta cheese. Ouzo can be described to have a similar taste to absinthe which is liquorice-like, but smoother.

On October 25, 2006, Greece won the right to label ouzo as an exclusively Greek product.^[3] The European Union now recognizes ouzo, as well as the Greek drinks tsipouro and tsikoudia, as products with a Protected Designation of Origin, which prohibits European makers other than Greece and Cyprus from using the name.

Name[link]

The origin of the name "ouzo" is disputed. A popular derivation is from the Italian "uso Massalia" - for use in Marseille - stamped on selected silkworm cocoons exported from Tyrnavos in the 19th century. According to anecdote, this designation came to stand for "superior quality", which the spirit distilled as ouzo was thought to possess.^[4]

During a visit to Thessaly in 1896, the late professor Alexander Philadelpheus delivered to us valuable information on the origins of the word "ouzo", which has come to replace the word "tsipouro". According to the professor, tsipouro gradually became ouzo after the following event: Thessaly exported fine cocoons to Marseilles during the 19th century, and in order to distinguish the product, outgoing crates would be stamped with the words "uso Massalia"—Italian for "to be used in Marseille". One day, the Ottoman Greek consulate physician, named Anastas (Anastasios) Bey, happened to be visiting the town of Tyrnavos and was asked to sample the local tsipouro. Upon tasting the drink, the physician immediately exclaimed: "This is uso Massalia, my friends"—referring to its high quality. The term subsequently spread by word of mouth, until tsipouro gradually became known as ouzo.—The Times of Thessaly, 1959.

Another hypothesis is that the word "ouzo" comes from the Turkish word üzüm 'grape'.^[5][6][7]

Preparation[link]

A bottle of ouzo

Ouzo production begins with distillation in copper stills of 96 percent alcohol by volume (ABV) ethyl alcohol of agricultural origin. To the alcohol is added anise, and sometimes other flavorings such as star anise, coriander, cloves, and cinnamon; the flavoring ingredients are often closely guarded company secrets, and distinguish one ouzo from another.^[8] The result is a flavored alcoholic solution known as flavored ethyl alcohol, or more commonly as ouzo yeast—μαγιά ούζου in Greek—the term for "yeast" being used by Greeks metaphorically to denote that it serves as the starting point for ouzo production.

Makers of high-quality "100% from distillation" ouzo (such as Varvayiannis, Babatzim (ouzo classic) and Pitsiladis) proceed at this stage with water dilution, bringing the ouzo to its final ABV. But most producers combine the "ouzo yeast" with less expensive ethyl alcohol flavored with 0.05 percent natural anethole, before water dilution. Greek law dictates that in this case the ouzo yeast cannot be less than 20 percent of the final product.

Sugar may be added before water dilution, which is done mostly with ouzo from Southern Greece.

The final ABV is usually between 40 and 50 percent; the minimum allowed is 37.5 percent.^[9]

Ouzo production does not include fermentation or multiple distillations, as is done with tsipouro, another well-known Greek alcoholic drink similar to Italian grappa.

Aperitif drink[link]

In modern Greece, ouzeries (the suffix -erie is imported from French) can be found in nearly all cities, towns, and villages. These cafe-like establishments serve ouzo with mezedes — appetizers such as octopus, salad, sardines, calamari, fried zucchini, and clams, among others. It is traditionally slowly sipped (usually mixed with water or ice) together with mezedes shared with others over a period of several hours in the early evening.

In other countries it is tradition to have ouzo in authentic Greek restaurants as an aperitif, served in a shot glass and deeply chilled before the meal is started. No water or ice is added but the drink is served very cold, enough to make some crystals form in the drink as it is served.

Ouzo is often referred to as a particularly strong drink, although its alcohol content is not especially high compared to other liquor. The reason mainly has to do with its sugar content. Sugar delays ethanol absorption in the stomach, and may thus mislead the drinker into thinking that they can drink more as they do not feel tipsy early on. Then the cumulative effect of ethanol appears and the drinker becomes inebriated rather quickly. This is why it is generally considered poor form to drink ouzo "dry hammer" ("ξεροσφύρι", xerosfýri, an idiomatic expression that means "drinking alcohol without eating anything") in Greece. The presence of food, especially fats or oils, in the upper digestive system prolongs the absorption of ethanol and ameliorates alcohol intoxication.

Appearance[link]

When water or ice is added to ouzo, which is clear in color, it turns milky white; this is because anethole, the essential oil of anise, is soluble in alcohol but not in water. Diluting the spirit causes it to separate creating an emulsion, whose fine droplets scatter the light. This process is called louching, and is also found while preparing absinthe.

Drinks with a similar flavor[link]

Similar aperitifs include oghi (from Armenia and among Western Armenians), Rakı from Turkey, pastis (France), and arak (from the Levant). Its aniseed flavor is also similar to the anise-flavored liqueurs of sambuca (Italy) and patxaran (Spain) and the stronger spirits of absinthe (Switzerland). It is a variation of mastiha. It can be consumed neat or mixed with water. Aguardiente (Colombia) made from sugar cane.

See also[link]

• Greek food products
• Cuisine of Greece

References[link]

External links[link]

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Haris Alexiou Χάρις Αλεξίου
Background information
Birth name	Hariklia Roupaka
Born	(1950-12-27) 27 December 1950 (age 61) Thebes, Greece
Origin	Greece
Genres	Folk, rebetiko, laiko, entehno
Occupations	Singer, songwriter, composer
Years active	1970–present
Labels	Minos (1970-1992) PolyGram Greece (1992-2000) Estia (Sony Music Greece) (2000-2002) Estia (Minos EMI) (2002–present)
Website	www.alexiou.gr

Haris Alexiou (Greek: Χάρις Αλεξίου) (born 27 December 1950 in Thebes, Greece as Hariklia Roupaka, Greek: Χαρίκλεια Ρουπάκα) is a Greek singer. She is considered one of the most popular singers in Greece and has been commercially successful since the 1970s. She has worked with important Greek songwriters and composers, has performed at top musical theatres all over the world and has received several awards. She has recorded over thirty albums and has been featured on albums of other musicians. On March 14, 2010 Alpha TV ranked Alexiou as the first top-certified female artist in Greece in the phonographic era (since 1960), Chart Show: Your Countdown and the Number 3 overall ranking with regards to the sale of the personal albums certified Gold or Platinum in Greek discography since 1970, behind the male singers George Dalaras and Yiannis Parios. Eight of her personal albums released between 1977 and 2003 have surpassed 1,5 millions sales, the only Greek female singer to do so. The fact that most of the above mentioned albums have been of a different music style, produced with different composers and released between constant time periods demonstrates her unique and indisputable figure in contemporary Greek music.^{[citation needed]}. She also has respectable audience from Turkey and various her songs were sung in Turkish especially Ola Se Thimizoun (Everyting reminds me of you) as "Olmasa Mektubun"(Unless your letter) by Yeni Türkü, Erol Evgin, Müslüm Gürses, Sevda Karababa and Pilli Bebek; Teli Teli Teli as "Telli Telli" (Wired Wired), Pes Mou Pos Ginetai (Tell me, how is possible ?) as "Maskeli Balo" (Masquerade) by Yeni Türkü, Athena, Sagopa Kajmer and Ata Demirer; Mia Pista Apo Fosforo (A floor of phosphorus) as "Her şeyi yak" by (You burn everyting) Sezen Aksu and as "Nefes Almak İstiyorum" (I want to breath) by Yonca Evcimik; Krata Gia To Telos (Keep it to the end) as "Sebahat Abla" (Elder sister Sebahat) by Müslüm Gürses; Dinata dinata as "Sarışınım" (My blonde) by Sezen Aksu and Gülşen.

She has lived in Athens since 1958, when she and her family moved there from Thebes. Her grandmother's family migrated to Thebes in 1924 from Seydiköy, İzmir. Her name was given to a street in Gaziemir.^[1]

Biography[link]

^[2] Haris Alexiou appeared in the Greek musical scene in the early 1970s. Her charismatic voice, combined with a unique way of performing and a strong scenic presence, very soon led her to the top. Today she is still at the top, always working hard, always seeking new ways of expression and always giving prestige and value to the contemporary light and popular Greek music. She has worked with the most important Greek songwriters, has performed at the greatest musical theatres in all five continents and has received several important awards.

She has had over thirty of her own albums recorded, has participated in albums of other artists, either renowned or young and promising, being always open to new ways in music.

1970s[link]

The first important step in her career was her participation with George Dalaras in the album "Mikra Asia" ("Asia Minor") written by Apostolos Kaldaras and Pythagoras (Pythagoras Papastamatiou) in 1972. A historic album, the biggest hit of the '70s and rightfully included in "Minos-EMI's 100 Greatest Hits of the Century."

In 1973, Alexiou participates in the albums Kalimera ilie (Good Morning, Sun) by Manos Loizos and Lefteris Papadopoulos, Byzantinos Esperinos (Byzantine Vesper) by Apostolos Kaldaras and Lefteris Papadopoulos and Odos Aristotelous (Aristotelous Street) by Yannis Spanos and Lefteris Papadopoulos. Meeting Manos Loizos was the beginning of a lifelong friendship and a prolific cooperation.

In 1975, her first personal album 12 'Laika' Songs was released. One of the songs, "Dimitroula", originally sung in the 1930s' by Roza Eskenazi, has become an all-time standard. In the same year, she appears in "boites" in Plaka, imposing a new way of presenting songs, completely different from the conventional big nightclubs. It is the first year after the fall of the military junta, a time for the political songs and the revival of "rebetika" songs, and Alexiou sings traditional songs, ballads, modern songs, folk songs and rebetika.

For many years she collaborated with George Dalaras, Dimitra Galani, Vasilis Papakonstantinou and Yiannis Parios. Her concerts in stadiums and theatres, with songs written by Manos Loizos, Lefteris Papadopoulos, Nikolopoulos, Spanos, Theodorakis, Stavros Kouyioumtzis and others, were extremely successful. Her popularity reached its peak and since then, she is "Haroula of Greece".

In 1979, the album Ta tragoudia tis Haroulas (Haroula's Songs) was released. Manos Loizos had written the music and the lyrics were written by Manolis Rassoulis and Pythagoras (Pythagoras Papastamatiou). From this album, "o Fantaros" ("The Soldier") immediately becomes a big hit, while "Ola se thymizoun" ("All Things Remind Me of You") is considered one the most beautiful Greek ballads of all time.

1980s[link]

The 1980s start with two enormous hits: "Fevgo" ("I'm Leaving") and "Ximeroni" ("The Day Breaks"). Songs of Yesterday, her album with Dimitra Galani includes ballads which fascinate the public. At the same time she records traditional and folk songs, rebetika and laika, and gives concerts both in Greece and abroad.

In 1983 she records is the album Tsilika, a collector's item, with old rebetika songs written between 1900 and 1935.

1986 is the year of her first collaboration with composer Thanos Mikroutsikos. The album is I Agapi ine zali (Dizzy with Love) with lyrics by Alkis Alkeos, Nikos Kavadias, Andreas Mikroutsikos and Babis Tsikliropoulos The title song becomes an enormous hit. "Eleni" and "Erotikon" from the same album, are also extremely successful. The same year Haroula conquers the French public appearing in "Théâtre de la Ville", getting dithyrambic reviews from the French press. After that, she gives concerts in Cyprus, Tunisia, Germany and many towns all over Greece.

In 1987, world-famous Greek composer Manos Hadjidakis invites her to appear in his club "Sirius" with the "Unpredictable Songs". He directs her and later he goes to the recording studio with her. In the summer of this year, she sings in Hadjidakis's concerts in many Greek towns.

In 1988 she works with "Fatme" a group of young and talented artists. She also works with Paolo Conte, a well-known Italian singer ang songwriter. They appear together at the Palace Theatre of Athens. She has two of his songs recorded with Greek lyrics by Lina Nikolakopoulou.

In 1989, "The Show in on". It is the musical show which she presents for two years, together with Dimitra Galani and Yiannis Parios, in Athens and Thessaloniki. An album with the same title resulted from this work.

1990s[link]

1990 begins with her second collaboration with Thanos Mikroutsikos. The album is entitled This Cologne Lingers on for Years with lyrics by Lina Nikolakopoulou. In October of the same year, she participates in the most important concert of the decade in Peace and Friendship Stadium of Athens. In this festive concert, called "Our Own Night", all the big names of the Greek show business are present. Yiannis Parios, Thanos Mikroutsikos, Dimitra Galani, Chris Nikolopoulos, Alkistis Protopsalti, George Sarris, George Zambetas, Lakis Lazopoulos and the legendary Melina Merkouri.

In 1991 she appears in Attikon Theatre of Athens with a special show called In Three Acts. In the first act she sings songs by Hadjidakis, Loizos, Mikroutsikos and Brecht-Weill. In the second act she hosts certain groups of modern Greek music and presents songs written by herself. The third act is a medley with her hits, old and new. She then presents this show in the State Theatre of Northern Greece, which for the first time accepted a Greek singer in its stage. With her concerts, sets new standards for musical shows, using state-of-the-art sound and light equipment and impressive decors. In autumn 1991, together with Costas Hadjis, presents a show directed by Mauro Bolognini at Rex Theatre in Athens and Radio City in Thessaloniki. Alexiou Sings Hadjis is the album that follows.

In 1992 she starts her cooperation with Polygram, successfully presenting a new style in her songs. The album Di' efchon (L'orale)with music by Nikos Antypas and lyrics by Lina Nikolakopoulou comes as something quite fresh in the Greek discography, giving a new thrust to Haroula's already long career.

In 1993 the above album is released in Japan, Belgium, France and Israel by Polygram International. The French TV channel "MCM International" films and shows her concert at Lycabetus Theatre. The same year she travels around the world with concerts in Cyprus, the U.S.A., Canada, Israel, several European countries, finishing in Paris at the Mogador Theatre.

In 1994 her album Hey! is released with music by Nikos Antypas and lyrics by Lefteris Papadopoulos and Aris Davarakis. The summer of the same year, she appears in Odeon of Herodes Atticus with a show directed by Mauro Bolognini. In October, it's her first and extremely successful appearance in Japan.

In 1995, the album 88 Nefelis Street is released. The songs of this album are all written by herself. For this album, in April 1995, at the Palais de Congress in Paris, she receives the "Prix Adami", an award given every year by Académie Charles Cros to distinguished artists. The same year, she opens Studio Nefeli where she presents her new songs, creating a new "Cafe Theatre" atmosphere. Dimitri Papajoannou is the director of the show.

In 1996, she writes then lyric for "Nefeli's Tango" on Loreena McKennit's music. This song along with other live recordings from her concerts around the world, is included in the album Around the World '92-'96. "Nefeli's Tango", for several months is one of the ten top songs of World Music in Europe.

In summer 1997, responding to the invitation of Olympic Games Committee "Athens 2004", she gives a concert at Pnyka Hill very close to Acropolis. Such is the success of this concert, so she has to repeat it twice at the same location.

1998 is the year of The Game of Love, her second album with songs written only by herself. The recording took place at the Studio Guillaume Tell in Paris with Greek and foreign musicians. The same year, she tours North and South America with Nikos Papazoglou. In December she appears in Athens at Diogenis Studio which is reconstructed in order to meet the demands of the show she presented with Chris Nikolopoulos. The show is directed by Dimitri Papajoannoy again.

In October 1999, she sings along with Turkish famous lady singer Sezen Aksu, both in Athens and Istanbul, for the victims of the earthquakes which afflicted the two countries that year, under the auspice of the Ministry of Culture. This cooperation is repeated in summer 2000 in Istanbul and İzmir.

2000 -[link]

Alexiou in Berlin, October 2006.

In September 2000, the album Whispers is released. It includes her favourite songs performed by her and a piano only. In October, she presents these songs in Music Palace of Athens and in the ancient Epidaurus Odeon accompanied by a small musical ensemble. The same year, she founds her own record company, "Estia", in order to produce all her future ventures in discography. In December, the first album is released entitled Strange Light. In this album she meets again songwriters with whom she has successfully worked in the past. Strange Light becomes Lumiere Etrange and is released all over Europe by Universal-France. At the same time, Haroula tours Europe giving concerts at the most prestigious theatres, conquering both audiences and critics. Her tour ends with a triumphal appearance at Theatre Olympia in Paris.

2002 is another creative year for Haroula. She appears on the Keramikos Music Hall, this time singing more "laika" songs. In this show, Lavrentis Macheritsas and other younger artists participate. The result is the album "Keramikos Live".

In 2003 the album To the end of your heaven went four times platinum and WORLD MUSIC AWARDS, one of the most significant institutions of the international music industry, presented Haris Alexiou with the award for The Best-Selling Greek Artist for the season 2003-2004 (2004 World Music Awards).

2004, the Olympic Games are held in Athens. Haris Alexiou, sings at the closing ceremony, along with D. Galani, Marinella, Y. Parios, G. Dalaras. In October 2004, the retrospective compilation album titled Anthology was released. This double CD is composed of 38 songs from her previous albums and of two new ones. Alexiou herself selected the included songs, not only choosing the most popular ones, but also bearing in mind the significance of each song for herself.

In April 2005, remastered and repackaged editions of her 16 albums under the banner of Minos EMI were released. The albums were reprinted, digitally remastered, and the new editions were meticulously designed (including the lyrics, many informative texts and original photos from the time of the first release).

In 2006, Haris Alexiou is back with Sour cherry and bitter orange, an album depicting the traditional aspects of contemporary music. Thodoris Papadopoulos, Smaro Papadopoulou and Makis Seviloglou wrote the music and the lyrics, suggesting a return to our roots. An album that, despite its unusual content, managed to go platinum, just a few months after it was released, receiving people's recognition and love. During the summer she made a series of special appearances. Along with Dimitra Galani, she gave two concerts dedicated to Sofia Vembo at Odeon of Herodes Atticus, an event organized by Athens Festival. She gave four sold-out concerts along with Sokratis Malamas and Alkinoos Ioannidis, celebrating "Melodia" radio station's 25 years of broadcasting, at Lycabettus theatre in Athens and at "Palais des sports" in Thessaloniki. These concerts were recorded and a double CD and DVD edition will be released in March 2007. At the end of 2006 Haris Alexiou undertook a major tour around Europe, giving a series of concerts and promoting the international release of her album, "Anthology".

In early 2007, she appeared at the Athens Concert Hallfor in five concerts directed by Panos Papadopoulos. The songs were orchestrated by Kostas Papadoukas and the orchestra conducted by Alexandros Myrat. Alexiou gave three concerts under the title "Everything reminds me of you", dedicated to Manos Loizos, at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus in June 2007, participating in the celebrations for the 70th anniversary of his birth. The concerts were directed by Panos Papadopoulos Nikos Portokaloglou, the songs were arranged by Kostas Papadoukas, and the lighting was designed by Andreas Sinanos. The group "Triphonon" appeared along with her on stage. Two more concerts were given at Thessaloniki, followed by a summer tour around Greece and Cyprus along with the "Triphonon", dedicated to the great composer. On October 22, the album Haris Alexiou - A tribute to Manos Loizos was released, containing the live recording and video-taping of the concerts given at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus the previous June during the Athens Festival. Nikos Portokaloglou and the group "Triphonon" also appear on the album. The album was released in both a double CD and a double CD-DVD packaging by Estia recordings.

From Greece to Australia, from Russia to Africa, from America to Japan, Haris Alexiou travels around and shows the world the feeling of the Greek song. She firmly believes that the Greek song, through its poets and composers, made her love and better understand the history and the culture of her country.^[3]

Discography[link]

LPs/CDs[link]

Collaborations[link]

• 1972: Mikra Asia (by Apostolos Kaldaras, with George Dalaras)
• 1973: Byzantinos Esperinos (by Apostolos Kaldaras, with George Dalaras)
• 1974: Prodomenos Laos (by Mikis Theodorakis)
• 1974: Kalimera Ilie (by Manos Loizos)
• 1974: Gia Rembetes Kai Gia Filous (by Apostolos Kaldaras, with Dimitris Kondolazos and Kostas Smokovitis)
• 1974: Robinsones (by Apostolos Kaldaras, with Yiannis Parios)
• 1974: Odos Aristotelous (by Giannis Spanos)
• 1981: I synandisi (by Apostolos Kaldaras, with Ilias Klonaridis; Alexiou not named)

Personal[link]

• 1975: 12 Laika Tragoudia
• 1976: Haris Alexiou 2
• 1976: Laikes Kyriakes
• 1977: 24 Tragoudia
• 1979: Ta Tragoudia Tis Haroulas
• 1980: Ksimeronei
• 1981: Ta Tragoudia Tis Htesinis Meras
• 1981: Ta Tragoudia Tis Yis Mou
• 1982: I Zoi Mou Kyklous Kanei
• 1983: Ta Tsilika
• 1984: Emfilios Erotas
• 1986: I Agapi Einai Zali
• 1986: A Paris
• 1987: I Haris Alexiou Se Aprovlepta Tragoudia
• 1988: I Nihta Thelei Erota
• 1990: Krataei Hronia Afti I Kolonia
• 1990: I Diki Mas Nihta
• 1991: I Alexiou Tragoudaei Hatzi
• 1992: Di'Efhon
• 1994: Ei
• 1995: Odos Nefelis '88
• 1996: Gyrizontas Ton Kosmo
• 1997: Ena Fili Tou Kosmou
• 1997: Gyrizontas Ton Kosmo Kai Ena Fili Tou Kosmou
• 1998: To Paihnidi Tis Agapis
• 2000: Parakseno Fos
• 2000: Psythyri
• 2002: Cine Kerameikos
• 2003: Os Tin Akri Tou Ouranou Sou
• 2004: Anthologio
• 2006: Vissino Kai Nerantzi
• 2006: Gyrizontas Ton Kosmo Kai Ena Fili Tou Kosmou (Special Edition)
• 2007: Alexiou - Malamas - Ioannidis (Note: Certified Platinum by the IFPI).^[4]
• 2007: Afieroma Sto Mano Loizo
• 2009: I Agapi Tha Se Vri Opou Kai Na'sai

In the below table, the personal albums certified gold or platinum, in descending order by sales.^[5] The reeditions' sales are not included.

Vinyl 45's[link]

• 1970: Otan pini mia gineka

A-side: "Otan pini mia gineka", H. Alexiou (H. Vasiliades, Pythagoras)
B-side: "Periexomeno den exeis", Mpampis Tsetinis-Pitsa Papadopoulou (H. Vasiliades, Pythagoras)

• 1971: To parasinthima (Apostolos Kaldaras)

A-side: "To parasinthima", Haris Alexiou (Apostolos Kaldaras)
B-side: "Oi dyo zitianoi", Yannis Parios (Ap. Kaldaras, G. Samoladas)

• 1971: Tous antres tha katarasto

A-side: "Tous antres tha katarasto", Haris Alexiou (G. Hadjinasios, N. Gabriilides)
B-side: "Thaho tis grillies anoiktes", Haris Alexiou (G. Hadjinasios, N. Gabriilides)

• 1971: Irthe i agapi

A-side: "Irthe i agapi (Efige i agapi)", Haris Alexiou-Tolis Voskopoulos (T. Voskopoulos, E. Lymperopoulos)
B-side: "Pali monaxo to paidi", Haris Alexiou (T. Voskopoulos, E. Lymperopoulos)

• 1972: Hasapiko 40

A-side: "Hasapiko 40", Haris Alexiou (M.Hadjidakis, N. Gatsos)
B-side: "Agapi mesa stin kardia", Haris Alexiou (M.Hadjidakis, N. Gatsos)

• 1972: Den yparxei eftyxia

A-side: "Hasapiko 40", Haris Alexiou (M.Hadjidakis, N. Gatsos) [same as above]
B-side: "Den yparxei eftyxia" Litsa Diamanti (G. Katsaros, Pythagoras)

• 1972: Mais

A-side: "Mais", Haris Alexiou (G. Metsikas, M. Fakinos)
B-side: "Tosa kai tosa ximeromata" Haris Alexiou (G. Metsikas, M. Fakinos)

• 1972: O marmaromenos vasilias, from the LP Mikra Asia

A-side: "O marmaromenos vasilias", Haris Alexiou (Ap. Kaldaras, Pythagoras)
B-side: "Mes stou Vosporou ta stena", [George Dalaras] (Ap. Kaldaras, Pythagoras)

• 1973: Maria me ta kitrina from the LP O, ti kosmos mpampa!

A-side: "Maria me ta kitrina", Haris Alexiou (V. Dimitriou)
B-side: "Aspra, kokkina, kitrina, mple", Haris Alexiou (D. Moutsis, G. Logothetis)

• 1973: San louloudi tsakismeno

A-side: "San louloudi tsakismeno", Haris Alexiou (S. Kougioumtzis, K. Athanasiou)
B-side: "Efyge to treno gia tin dysi", Haris Alexiou (S. Kougioumtzis, K. Athanasiou)

• 1973: Paei paei manoula mou

A-side: "Paei paei manoula mou", Haris Alexiou (T. Soukas, Pythagoras)
B-side: "To prosklitirio", Haris Alexiou (T. Soukas, Pythagoras)

• 1973: Kampana tou esperinou, from the LP Vyzantinos Esperinos

A-side: "Kampana tou esperinou", Haris Alexiou (A. Kaldaras, L. Papadopoulos)
B-side: "Kai na ‘mouna to palikari", George Dalaras (T. Soukas, Pythagoras)

• 1974: Ti talaiporia, from the LP Aspro Mavro

A-side: "Ti talaiporia", Haris Alexiou (G. Hadjinasios, S. Tsotou)
B-side: "Kai na ‘mouna to palikari", Yannis Parios (G. Hadjinasios, S. Tsotou)

• 1974: Poios to kserei, from the LP Kalimera ilie

A-side: "Poios to kserei", Haris Alexiou (Manos Loizos)
B-side: "Kalimera ilie", Kostas Smokovitis and Aleka Aliberti (Manos Loizos)

• 1975: Na kseres file…

A-side: "Na kseres file", Haris Alexiou (Nasos Nakas)
B-side: "Stis rizes t’ ouranou", Yannis Parios (Nasos Nakas)

• 1975: Dimitroula mou, from the LP 12 Laika tragoudia

A-side: "Dimitroula mou", Haris Alexiou (old folk song)
B-side: "Pos to lene", Haris Alexiou (H. Vasiliades, Pythagoras)

• 1976: Elenitsa, from the LP Haris Alexiou 2

A-side: "Elenitsa", Haris Alexiou (old folk song)
B-side: "Tsachpin", Haris Alexiou (old folk song)

• 1976: Erinaki, from the LP Haris Alexiou 2

A-side: "Erinaki", Haris Alexiou (old folk song)
B-side: "O doctor", Haris Alexiou (old folk song)

• 1976: I garsona, from the LP Haris Alexiou 2

A-side: "I garsona", Haris Alexiou (old folk song)
B-side: "Ela pare me", Haris Alexiou (G. Sarris, L. Papadopoulos)

• 1977: Esenane tha dialega, from the LP Laikes Kyriakes

A-side: "Esenane tha dialega", Haris Alexiou (S. Kougioumtzis, L. Papadopoulos)
B-side: "Treis i ora nychta", Haris Alexiou (S. Kougioumtzis, M. Eleftheriou)

• 1977: Matia mou matia mou, from the LP Laikes Kyriakes

A-side: "Matia mou matia mou", Haris Alexiou (S. Kougioumtzis, L. Papadopoulos)
B-side: "Ta mavra koroideveis", Haris Alexiou (S. Kougioumtzis, M. Eleftheriou)

• 1981: O fantaros (juke box 45" inch single)

A-side: "O fantaros", Haris Alexiou (M. Loizos, M. Rasoulis), from the LP Ta tragoudia tis Haroulas
B-side: "Ksimeronei", Haris Alexiou (A. Vardis, H. Alexiou), from the LP Ksimeronei

• 1982: Omorfe mou kosme

A-side: "Omorfe mou kosme", Haris Alexiou (Nasos Nakas-Nanopoulos)
B-side: "Parapono", Haris Alexiou (Nasos Nakas-Nanopoulos)

• 1985: Kokkino Garifallo, from the Yannis Parios’ LP Ego ki esy

A-side: "Kokkino garyfallo", Yannis Parios and Haris Alexiou (Nikos Ignatiadis)
B-side: "Lovely mandolin [Kokkino garifallo]", Yannis Parios and Haris Alexiou (Nikos Ignatiadis, S. Fassois)

• 1985: Gia ta paidia

A-side: "Gia ta paidia", Haris Alexiou, Bessy Argiraki, Anna Vissi, Tolis Voskopoulos e.t.c. (A. Papadimitriou, Ph. Nikolaou)
B-side: " Gia ta paidia [Instrumental]", Haris Alexiou, Bessy Argiraki, Anna Vissi, Tolis Voskopoulos e.t.c. (A. Papadimitriou, Ph. Nikolaou)

• 1986: Mplexan oi grammes mas, from the Fatmé's LP Vgainoume ap’ to tunnel

A-side: "Mplexan oi grammes mas", Fatmé feat. Haris Alexiou (Nikos Portokaloglou)
B-side: "Pote tha se varetho", Fatmé (Nikos Portokaloglou)

• 1990: Mia pista apo fosforo

A-side: "Dimitroula mou [1990 cover]", Haris Alexiou (old folk song)
B-side: "Mia pista apo fosforo", Haris Alexiou (Th. Mikroutsikos, L. Nikolakopoulou), from the LP Krataei xronia afti i kolonia

• 1992: Magissa, from the LP Di’ Efhon (promo single)

A-side: "Magissa", Haris Alexiou (N. Antypas, L. Nikolakopoulou)
B-side: "Di’ Efhon", Haris Alexiou (N. Antypas, L. Nikolakopoulou)

• 1992: Na ziso i na pethano, from the LP Di’ Efhon (promo single)

A-side: "Na ziso i na pethano [Extended New Version]", Haris Alexiou (N. Antypas, L. Nikolakopoulou)
B-side: " I sinavlia", Haris Alexiou (N. Antypas, L. Nikolakopoulou)

• 1994: Ei, from the LP Ei! (promo single)

A-side: "Ei", Haris Alexiou (N. Antypas, L. Papadopoulos)
B-side: "S’ Ehasa", Haris Alexiou (N. Antypas, L. Papadopoulos)

• 1995: Oi filoi mou, from the LP Odos Nefelis ’88

A-side: "Oi filoi mou", Haris Alexiou (Haris Alexiou)
B-side: "Minoraki", Haris Alexiou (Haris Alexiou)
^[7]

Video sampling: Alexiou in concerts, TV shows, videoclips, film shows[link]

Concerts & TV Shows Videos[link]

• 1975, TV show: Video of Haris Alexiou singing her song "Dimitroula mou" (Αlbum "12 laika tragoudia", 1975) at the TV show of G.Papastefanou on ERT TV in the middle 70s
• 1979, TV show: Video of Haris Alexiou singing her song "Hathika" (Αlbum "24 ke 1 tragoudia", 1977) on a ERT TV show, produced at the house of Mikis Theodorakis in 1979
• 1983, Athens: Video of Haris Alexiou singing 3 Kazantzidis' songs at her concert in 1983
• 1984, Athens: Video of Haris Alexiou singing the old song "Mia melahrini" at her live collaboration with Giorgos Dalaras in 1984
• 1987, TV show: Video of Haris Alexiou singing her song "Erotiko" (Αlbum "I agapi ine zali", 1986) on a ERT-TV show in 1987
• 1987, TV show: Video of Haris Alexiou singing her song "I agapi ine zali" (Αlbum "I agapi ine zali", 1986) with the album composer Thanos Mikroutsikos on a ERT-TV show in 1987
• 1987, Patras: Video of Haris Alexiou singing 4 songs of the composers Hadjidakis, Kaldaras, Loizos, Mikroutsikos at her concert in 1987
• 1990, Athens: Video of Haris Alexiou singing the song "O Fantaros" (Αlbum "Ta tragoudia tis Haroulas", 1979) at her concert in 1990
• 1991, Israel: Video of Haris Alexiou singing the song "Mia ine i ousia" (Αlbum "Emfilios erotas", 1984) at her concert in 1991
• 1992-96: Video of Haris Alexiou singing the french song "Ne me quitte pas" (Αlbum "Girizontas ton kosmo 92-96", 1996) at her live touring during 1992-96

Video clips[link]

• Video clip-like of the song "Ola se thimizoun" (Αlbum "Ta tragoudia tis Haroulas", 1979) and a tribute to the album composer Manos Loizos
• Video clip of the song "Di'Efhon" (Αlbum "Di'Efhon", 1992)
• Video clip of the song "Na ziso i na pethano (Flamenco)" (Αlbum "Di'Efhon", 1992)
• Video clip of the song "Panselinos" (Αlbum "Odos Nefelis'88", 1995)
• Video clip of the song "To tango tis Nefelis (Tango to Evora)" (Αlbum "Girizontas ton kosmo 92-96", 1996)
• Video clip of the song "Theos an ine" (Αlbum "Girizontas ton kosmo 92-96", 1996)

Film Shows Videos[link]

• 1972: Haris Alexiou singing the song "dio kaimi (itan t'oniro mikro)" (Film "O agnostos ekinis tis nihtas", 1972) in 1972

References[link]

1. ^ Name of Haris Alexiou is given to a street
2. ^ Official website http://www.alexiou.gr/
3. ^ Elijah Wald (2007). Global minstrels: voices of world music. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-415-97930-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=kCfjxH9JfOsC&lpg=PT162&dq=Haris%20Alexiou&pg=PT165#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
4. ^ "Ελληνικό Chart". Ifpi.gr. http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1324854923520460&date=%400&fromform=1. Retrieved 2012-04-07. 
5. ^ Dragoumanos, Petros (2009). Elliniki Diskografia 1950-2009 (Greek Discography 1950-2009)
6. ^ "Ελληνικό Chart". Ifpi.gr. http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1321378739012987&date=%400&fromform=1. Retrieved 2012-04-07. 
7. ^ Oasis Magazine, April 2009

External links[link]

• Official website www.alexiou.gr
• Haris Alexiou Community Forum www.alexiou-forum.gr