- published: 09 Feb 2012
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- author: lesterfontayne
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- A1(M) motorway
- A167 road
- A167(M) motorway
- A18 road (England)
- A19 road
- A194 road
- A3 road
- A308(M) motorway
- A329(M) motorway
- A38(M) motorway
- A404(M) motorway
- A41 road
- A48(M) motorway
- A49 road
- A57 road
- A57(M) motorway
- A574 road
- A58 road
- A58(M) motorway
- A580 road
- A601(M) motorway
- A6144(M) motorway
- A62 road
- A627(M) motorway
- A63 road
- A638 road
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A167 road
The A167 is a road in North East England. Most of its route was formerly the A1 as most of it is the original route of the Great North Road until the A1 was re-routed with the opening of the A1(M) in the 1960s.
The route starts from the A168 at Topcliffe, North Yorkshire and runs to Cowgate, Tyne and Wear where the route splits in two. The northern fork continues to Kenton Bar, where it meets the A1 and the A696, while the southern fork heads west, again terminating at the A1, this time at Westerhope.
From the Topcliffe A168 Junction, the route runs north through Northallerton, and crosses the A66 road just east of the A66(M) section. It runs on through Darlington, across A1(M) junction 59, and on to Newton Aycliffe, Ferryhill, Durham and Chester-le-Street.
The A167 bypass at Chilton near Ferryhill was completed and opened to traffic on 20 June 2005. Construction had started in 2004, 65 years after first proposed when the route was still the A1.
Beyond Chester-le-Street the A167 continues to A1(M) junction 63 and through Birtley before crossing the A1 at the junction near the Angel of the North. (The first route of the Great North Road ran via Wrekenton on the present B1296. The second route ran via Low Fell on the A167. The third route ran from the A1(M) junction 65 via the A194(M) and the A19 Tyne Tunnel, to the Wideopen A1/A19 Junction.)
wn.com/A167_road -
A167(M) motorway
The A167 is a road in North East England. Most of its route was formerly the A1 as most of it is the original route of the Great North Road until the A1 was re-routed with the opening of the A1(M) in the 1960s.
The route starts from the A168 at Topcliffe, North Yorkshire and runs to Cowgate, Tyne and Wear where the route splits in two. The northern fork continues to Kenton Bar, where it meets the A1 and the A696, while the southern fork heads west, again terminating at the A1, this time at Westerhope.
From the Topcliffe A168 Junction, the route runs north through Northallerton, and crosses the A66 road just east of the A66(M) section. It runs on through Darlington, across A1(M) junction 59, and on to Newton Aycliffe, Ferryhill, Durham and Chester-le-Street.
The A167 bypass at Chilton near Ferryhill was completed and opened to traffic on 20 June 2005. Construction had started in 2004, 65 years after first proposed when the route was still the A1.
Beyond Chester-le-Street the A167 continues to A1(M) junction 63 and through Birtley before crossing the A1 at the junction near the Angel of the North. (The first route of the Great North Road ran via Wrekenton on the present B1296. The second route ran via Low Fell on the A167. The third route ran from the A1(M) junction 65 via the A194(M) and the A19 Tyne Tunnel, to the Wideopen A1/A19 Junction.)
wn.com/A167(M)_motorway -
A18 road (England)
The A18 is a road in England that links Doncaster in South Yorkshire with Ludborough in Lincolnshire, via Scunthorpe.
It begins as a dual-carriageway and trunk road at the Balby Flyover junction with the A630 in Balby in Doncaster, under which runs the East Coast Main Line. It meets the A638 (former Great North Road) at a the Sidings Roundabout then becomes Carr House Road, overlapping the A638. At the Racecourse Roundabout in Belle Vue, the A638 leaves to the right (former Great North Road), and the road becomes Leger Way, passing the Doncaster College for the Deaf on the left, and Doncaster Racecourse on the right. Near Intake, it becomes single carriageway, which it continues as for most of its length until it reaches Scunthorpe and also in Grimsby. On the right is Danum School Technology College (Danum is the Roman name for Doncaster) and Sandall Wood School, a special needs school. There is a roundabout with Armthorpe Road, with Wheatley Hills to the left and Wheatley Golf Club to the right. At the Sandall Park Roundabout the road meets its old route and becomes Thorne Road. At the Shaw Lane Roundabout it meets the A630, with exits for Shaw Lane Industrial Estate, and the road overlaps the A630 under a railway line. At the next roundabout, on the edge of Doncaster, the A630 leaves to the right, as a trunk road to the M18, with Edenthorpe Sainsbury's an exit to the south. The road, now without trunk (primary) status, passes Hungerhill School on the left near The Ridgewood pub and passes through Edenthorpe.
wn.com/A18_road_(England) -
A19 road
The A19 is a major road in England running approximately parallel to and east of the A1 road, although the two roads meet at the northern end of the A19, the two roads originally met at the southern end of the A19 in Doncaster but the old route of the A1 was changed to the A638. From Sunderland northwards, the route was formerly the A108. In the past the route was known as the East of Snaith-York-Thirsk-Stockton-on-Tees-Sunderland Trunk Road. Most traffic joins the A19, heading for Teesside, from the A168 at Dishforth Interchange.
The southern end of the A19 starts at the St Mary's Roundabout with the A630 Church Way and A638 just to the north of Doncaster itself near to the parish church; this junction has been improved in recent years. It leaves the A638 at the next roundabout as Bentley Road, and then winds its way over the East Coast Main Line, which it follows through Selby and York, through the suburb of Bentley passing the Shell Bentley Service Station, St Peter's church and the Druid's Arms and out into the countryside to the north of the urban area. It then passes the Pavilion exhibition centre.
wn.com/A19_road -
A194 road
The A194 road is a road in Tyne and Wear, England. It runs northeast from its start at junction 65 of the A1/A1(M) near Washington, and the first 3 miles (4.8 km) are motorway standard, designated the A194(M). There are intermediate junctions with the A182 and the A195 before the motorway section ends at the A184 junction.
The A194 continues as a trunk road to its next major junction, the A19 which provides access to the Tyne Tunnel, Sunderland and Teesside. At this point, A194 ceases to be a trunk road and continues to its terminus in South Shields town centre.
Coordinates: 54°57′15″N 1°30′06″W / 54.9542°N 1.5017°W / 54.9542; -1.5017 (A194 road)
wn.com/A194_road -
A308(M) motorway
The A308(M) is a motorway in Berkshire, England. It is 0.6 miles (1 km) long and is possibly England's shortest motorway, although the westbound carriageway of the A64(M) is shorter. It runs from the M4 at junction 8/9 to the A308.
In 1961 the A4(M) was opened and ran from the existing junction 7, through a junction with the A308 and ending at a junction with the A4.
In 1963 the Slough bypass was opened to junction 7 and the A4(M) was renumbered M4, junction 8 being with the A308 and junction 9 with the A4.
The proposed route of the M4 was then changed to go south of Reading, instead of north of it. When the M4 was extended in 1971, a new junction was provided to connect with what would become a spur. This new interchange was built too close to the original junction 8, so this had to be closed. A new junction (numbered 8/9 so as not to confuse motorists) was built. The original M4 north of this was renumbered as the A423(M) and in the 1990s this was again reclassified as the A404(M). A new spur, the A308(M), was built to maintain access to the A308 and connected with the A404(M) and the M4 at the same grade separated roundabout.
wn.com/A308(M)_motorway -
A329(M) motorway
The A329(M) is a motorway in Berkshire, England. It is 4 miles (6.4 km) long and runs from the north of Bracknell to the south east of Reading.
From south to north, the route starts to the north of Bracknell and runs directly from the A329. It passes east of Wokingham in countryside. It then crosses the M4, continues north and meets the A3290 at Winnersh Triangle where it now ends. As originally built, the A329(M) continued to the junction with the A4, but this section has been since renamed the A3290.
The first section of the road opened in 1973, and went from the Winnersh junction to a temporary terminus at the A321.
A further section to the North/West of Winnersh — due to open at the same time — took the road up to the junction with the A4 to the east of Reading, running to the north of the railway line and dividing the Earley area of Reading almost in two. However the opening of this section was delayed due to the collapse of the Loddon Viaduct on 24 October 1972, which killed three people and injured ten others. This section subsequently opened in 1974.
wn.com/A329(M)_motorway -
A404(M) motorway
The A404(M) is a motorway in Berkshire, England and can be referred to as the Maidenhead West Bypass. It joins the M4 with the A404 dual carriageway to High Wycombe, Marlow and the M40. It was once known as the A423(M).
The A404(M) leaves the M4 at Junction 8/9, and heads north, passing Maidenhead and forming the town's western bypass before terminating at a junction with the A4 just outside Maidenhead. The road becomes the A404 which continues north passing Marlow before joining the M40 at the Handy Cross roundabout outside High Wycombe.
The road was originally opened in 1961 as part of the A4(M) Maidenhead Bypass which ran from the existing junction 7, through a junction with the A308 and ending at a junction with the A4.
In 1963 the Slough bypass was opened to junction 7 and the A4(M) was renumbered M4, junction 8 being with the A308 and junction 9 with the A4.
The proposed route of the M4 was then changed to go south of Reading, instead of north of it. When the M4 was extended in 1971, a new junction was provided to connect with what would become a spur. As this new interchange was built too close to the existing junction 8, this had to be closed. A new spur, the A308(M), was built to maintain access to the A308 and connected with the A404(M) and the M4 at the same grade separated roundabout. This new junction was numbered 8/9 so as not to confuse motorists and the interchange with the A4 became junction 9A. The old M4 was renumbered A423(M) as it was a direct continuation of the A423 to Oxford.
wn.com/A404(M)_motorway -
A41 road
The A41 is a major trunk road in England that links London and Birkenhead, although it has now in parts been superseded by motorways. It passes through or near various towns and cities including Watford, Kings Langley, Hemel Hempstead, Aylesbury, Solihull, Birmingham, West Bromwich, Wolverhampton, Newport, Whitchurch, Chester and Ellesmere Port.
It follows part of the line of the old Roman road, Akeman Street and the eighteenth century Sparrows Herne turnpike.
With the opening of the M40 extension in 1990 linking with the M42 near Birmingham, much of the route was downgraded in importance - with the sections between Bicester and the M42 near Solihull being renumbered as the A4141, A4177 and B4100.
The route begins near Marble Arch in London, at the junction with Oxford Street (A40). Here, north-bound traffic uses Gloucester Place, the south-bound uses Baker Street. It becomes a dual-carriageway on Finchley Road, through Swiss Cottage, and along Hendon Way, and intersects with the North Circular Road near Brent Cross shopping centre. The road passes through Hendon and after the junction with the A5150, (close to the Metropolitan Police's police college and the RAF Museum), it runs directly next to the M1. The A41 overlaps the A1 at Five Ways Corner with the section known as Watford Way. It passes through Mill Hill, separating with the A1 at Apex Corner roundabout After crossing the M1, near Elstree, it links the M1 at Junction 4, and then meets the A5 at a roundabout (where the A5 becomes the A5183). The A41 continues next to the M1 into Hertfordshire. This section is known as Elton Way, as far as the roundabout with the B462. The next section is dual-carriageway.
wn.com/A41_road -
A48(M) motorway
The A48(M) is a motorway in Wales between Cardiff and Newport. It is a spur off the M4 into eastern Cardiff. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) long and is a 2-lane motorway throughout its length. At St Mellons it runs continuously into a further 6 miles (9.7 km) of the dual-carriageway A48, which also features (albeit narrow) hard shoulders.
It opened in 1977, originally as an ending for the M4. The M4 was subsequently extended from junction 29 in 1980 and this section of road was renumbered A48(M). It has been suggested that its continuation westwards was projected to be from St Mellons.
The A48(M) has the unusual feature of having no junction options: at both ends it leads into limited-access junctions. It is also the only motorway to be entirely in Wales, as the other motorways, M4 and M48, cross into England.
Coordinates: 51°32′16″N 3°05′42″W / 51.5378°N 3.0949°W / 51.5378; -3.0949
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A49 road
Coordinates: 52°49′12″N 2°41′14″W / 52.82°N 2.6873°W / 52.82; -2.6873
The A49 is an A road in western England, which traverses the Welsh Marches region. It runs north from Ross-on-Wye in Herefordshire via Hereford, Leominster, Ludlow, Shrewsbury and Whitchurch, then continues through central Cheshire to Warrington and Wigan before terminating at its junction with the A6 road just south of Bamber Bridge, near the junction of the M6, M65 and M61 motorways.
Through Wigan it meets the A577 and A571 at the Saddle Junction and the B5328 at the Marus Bridge Roundabout. The road meets the M6 at junction 23, Haydock and the A580 East Lancashire Road. This is near Haydock Park Racecourse. It enters Newton-le-Willows and passes close to the Newton-le-Willows High School and under the Liverpool to Manchester Line railway (northern route). The road enters the borough of Warrington. At Winwick there is a separate dual-carriageway spur of the A49 which leads to junction 25 of the M6 from a roundabout - the Bryn Interchange.
wn.com/A49_road -
A57 road
The A57 is a major road in England. It runs east from Liverpool to Lincoln, via Warrington, Cadishead, Irlam, Patricroft, Eccles, Salford and Manchester, then through the Pennines over the Snake Pass (between the high moorlands of Bleaklow and Kinder Scout), around the Ladybower Reservoir, through Sheffield and past Worksop. Within Manchester a short stretch becomes the A57(M) motorway (the Mancunian Way).
The 3-mile (4.8 km) £4 million Aston relief road in Sheffield opened in mid-1985, with the old route now designated as the B6200.
wn.com/A57_road -
A57(M) motorway
The Mancunian Way, officially the A57(M), is a two mile long motorway in Manchester, England. It is part of the A57, which runs east-west through Greater Manchester and links the M602 and M67 motorways.
The road forms a major part of the Manchester-Salford Inner Ring Road and runs south of the city centre. Running eastbound, it starts as a 2 lane dual carriageway and passes underneath the A56. Following this, the road widens to 3 lanes. At the next junction which leads to the A5103, the road reduces to 2 lanes and becomes an elevated highway. This section runs atop link roads and two roundabouts before reaching the next junction with the A34. At this point the road passes through the centre of the campuses of UMIST (now part of the University of Manchester) and Manchester Metropolitan University. It then runs for around ¾ mile (1.2 km) before reaching its junction with the A6 which it crosses on a bridge before dropping down to ground level. It then finishes on the A635 and continues eastbound, and also continues to be called the Mancunian Way.
wn.com/A57(M)_motorway -
A574 road
The A574 is a road in England, running through the borough of Warrington before terminating at the end of Butts Bridge in Leigh, Greater Manchester. The route covers a distance of approximately 13 miles (21 km) and links Warrington town centre with the outer suburbs of Birchwood and Sankey.
The road passes through the following districts of Warrington and Leigh (in route order):
Being in the new part of Warrington, the road is renowned for its numerous roundabouts—26 in all, the first one less than 1⁄2 miles (0.80 km) from the start and the last about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the terminus.
Coordinates: 53°26′43″N 2°31′23″W / 53.4452°N 2.5230°W / 53.4452; -2.5230 (A574 road)
wn.com/A574_road -
A58 road
The A58 is a major road in northern England that runs between Prescot, Merseyside and Wetherby, West Yorkshire.
It runs north east from Prescot on the outskirts of Liverpool via St Helens, Ashton-in-Makerfield, Hindley, Westhoughton, Bolton, Bury, Heywood, Rochdale and Littleborough then over the Pennines into West Yorkshire.
The road then goes through Ripponden, Sowerby Bridge to Halifax and onwards to Leeds via the villages of Hipperholme, Birkenshaw and Drighlington. It runs through Leeds as the A58(M) motorway (part of the Leeds Inner Ring Road), then north-east through Scarcroft, Bardsey and Collingham to its terminus at Wetherby.
The original route between Leeds and Wetherby partially bypasses its original route, diverting from Roundhay Road/ Wetherby Road, at the old Fforde Green junction in Harehills. It runs along the Easterly Road dual carriageway passing Oakwood and Gipton. The re-routed A58 meets its original route at Boggart Hill in Seacroft. The re-routed section was constructed in the 1930s and had a branch of the Leeds Tramway running along the central reservation until the 1950s. The proposed Leeds Supertram was also to run this route.
wn.com/A58_road -
A58(M) motorway
The Leeds Inner Ring Road is part-motorway and part-A roads in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, which forms a ring road around the city centre. It has six different road numbers that are all sections of longer roads. Clockwise, the roads are the A58(M), a motorway section of the A58 road; the A64(M), part of the A64 road; the A61 between York Road and the M621; the M621 between junctions 4 and 2; and the A643 between the M621 and A58. The motorway section is in total is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long and is subject to a 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) speed limit throughout.
The motorway section of the ring road forms a semicircle around the north of the city centre. It is classified as a motorway to prohibit certain types of traffic and pedestrians but is not designed to modern motorway standards: it has no hard shoulders and many exits are unsuitable for a true motorway, including a right-side (fast lane) slip road exit. Most of it runs in a concrete-walled cutting, but it goes into a tunnel under the Leeds General Infirmary. The motorway cuts through inner-city neighbourhoods such as Woodhouse, Sheepscar, and Buslingthorpe, forming an important link in the road network by allowing traffic from the A65, A660, A58, A61 and A64 to bypass the city centre.
wn.com/A58(M)_motorway -
A580 road
The A580 is a primary A road in England that connects Walton, near Liverpool and Salford, near Manchester and known officially as Liverpool-East Lancashire Road. Locally, the road is shortened to the "East Lancs". The road was designed and built to provide better access to the Port of Liverpool for East Lancashire and Manchester. It was the UK's first purpose-built intercity highway and was officially opened by King George V on 18 July 1934.
The road runs from Walton in Liverpool Borough to join the A6 at Irlams o' th' Height in Salford and was designed to have three parallel roads eventually: one for through traffic and two for local access, but it was upgraded later to dual-carriageway: the section within the Liverpool Borough had always been thus. The upgrading resulted in separation of the two carriageways: the first occasion this had been done in Britain.[dubious – discuss] It achieved its name since it was originally intended to reach East Lancashire, although that intended portion was replaced by the M62 motorway.
wn.com/A580_road -
A601(M) motorway
The A601(M) is a motorway in Lancashire, England. It is 1.1 miles (1.7 km) long, and meets the M6 at Junction 35. It is a unique motorway within the United Kingdom as it has a dual carriageway section leading north from Junction 35 of the M6, with a single carriageway section (the only single carriageway section with motorway status in the United Kingdom) leading south, where it terminates at a Give Way sign on a B road. The A601(M) is not the A601 under motorway restrictions, as is the usual explanation for such a classification in the UK. The A601 itself is the Derby inner ring road, over 100 mi (160 km) away.
The section between the M6 and Junction 35A was originally opened in 1960, as part of the Lancaster Bypass. This was a 2 lane motorway. In 1970, the M6 was extended north, and a short spur was left to the A6. The terminal roundabout was given the junction number 35A. Plans existed to extend this as part of an Arnside link road, which would have connected the Furness Peninsula with the M6, but they were scrapped for environmental reasons, but parts of this road exist today, along the A590.
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A6144(M) motorway
The A6144(M) was a motorway in Carrington, Greater Manchester, England. It was rare among motorways in that it was entirely single carriageway, the only motorway of its kind in the UK. The others are dual carriageway for at least some of their length.
About 1 mile (2 km) long, the road connected the A6144 road to the M60 at junction 8. It was the highest numbered A-road(M) motorway and was also one of only two four-digit, Axxxx(M) motorways, the other being the A6127(M) (now A167(M)). Also relatively rare was that the motorway was not a trunk road and therefore not the responsibility of the Highways Agency.
The road also had no hard shoulder; instead, two emergency lay-bys with SOS phones and lights were provided midway along the length of the road. Also, it was possible to go from the A6144 to the A56 without going on the mainline of the M60 or any other motorway. One of the main reasons for its needing motorway status was that the junction with the M60 used to have two small roundabouts. It would be very difficult physically for a driver of a long vehicle prohibited from motorways to perform a U-turn due to the small size of the roundabouts. They might be forced to drive onto the M60 slip roads.
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A62 road
The A62 is a major road in Northern England that runs between the two major cities of Manchester and Leeds.
The road is approximately 40 miles (65 km) long. It runs north east from Manchester (beginning as Oldham Street and Oldham Road) through Failsworth and Oldham then Saddleworth before crossing the Pennines at Standedge into West Yorkshire. Continuing through Marsden, Slaithwaite, Linthwaite, Huddersfield, Liversedge, Heckmondwike and Birstall. It terminates just short of Leeds city centre at its junction with the A58 road.
It is paralleled by part of the M62 Trans-Pennine motorway. Prior to the building of the M62, the A62 was the main trans-Pennine road between Oldham and Huddersfield. The M62 is numbered after the A62 and now takes most of the long-distance traffic between Manchester and Leeds.
Coordinates: 53°37′06″N 1°53′24″W / 53.61823°N 1.89012°W / 53.61823; -1.89012
wn.com/A62_road -
A627(M) motorway
The A627(M) is a motorway that runs between Oldham and Rochdale in Greater Manchester, England. It is 6 miles (9.7 km) long and connects these two towns to the M62. It opened in 1972.
Heading north, the road starts as a 2 lane dual carriageway on the A663 at Chadderton. It turns sharply left and passes west of Royton. It continues to its next junction, where it has a 1-mile (1.6 km) spur. Although signed as the A627(M), a map exists showing it as the A6138(M). After this junction it gains a third lane, before reaching a roundabout at the M62 junction 20. This junction has been designed to accommodate a future flyover. After crossing the roundabout the route continues as a dual 2 lane route, for another 1 mile (1.6 km) before turning sharp right to reach its terminal crossroads.
Coordinates: 53°34′44″N 2°09′36″W / 53.5790°N 2.1599°W / 53.5790; -2.1599
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A63 road
The A63 is a major road in Yorkshire, England between Leeds and Kingston upon Hull. A section between South Cave and Hull forms the eastward continuation of the M62 motorway and is part of the unsigned Euroroute E20.
The route from Leeds out to Selby runs roughly parallel, and (1 to 3 km) south of the route of the Leeds and Selby Railway.
The route begins just east of Leeds city centre at a junction with the A61, although, prior to its February 2009 realignment along the new East Leeds Link Road, it began at a junction with the A64 in the Halton Moor area of the city (now signed as the B6159). Heading out of Leeds the route, despite being of dual carriageway standard, is subject to a 40 mph speed limit, and incorporates peak-time HOV lanes. At the end of this dual carriageway section, the route meets the M1, and the road continues north along the motorway for one junction then resumes as the A63.
From junction 46 of the M1, the Thorpe Park roundabout, the route continues east, meeting the A642 at Garforth. There is a turning for Lidgett Lane (B6137) to the left, next to Garforth Community College, with the TOTAL Garforth West garage on the right. It crosses the Leeds Country Way (a former railway), and there is the B6137 to the right for Kippax. On the Garforth/Micklefield parish boundary is a roundabout with the A656 Roman Ridge.
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A638 road
The A638 is a main road in England that runs between the A1 at Markham Moor in Nottinghamshire and Chain Bar Junction 26 of the M62 motorway south of Bradford in West Yorkshire.
It passes through Retford, Bawtry, Doncaster, Ackworth, Crofton, Nostell, Wakefield, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike and Cleckheaton.
The section of road between Markham Moor and Red House north of Doncaster which runs through the centre of Doncaster was originally the A1 before the Doncaster Bypass, a section of A1(M) was built.
The road used to continue to Odsal Top in Bradford but the road between Chain Bar and Odsal (Cleckheaton Road) has been de-classified from an A road.
The route starts off as a non-trunk road at the Markham Moor interchange (previously a roundabout before 2008) in West Drayton. Previous to 1967, the A1 approached from the south on what is now the B1164. Previous to 1958, this small section would have been the A1, where it would have met the A57 from Lincoln opposite the Markham Moor Hotel then both roads were concurrent for a hundred yards, then the A57 took the road through West Drayton. When the West Drayton diversion opened in February 1957 (including the roundabout) as the A57, the A1 still went through Retford, until August 1961.
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A64(M) motorway
The Leeds Inner Ring Road is part-motorway and part-A roads in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, which forms a ring road around the city centre. It has six different road numbers that are all sections of longer roads. Clockwise, the roads are the A58(M), a motorway section of the A58 road; the A64(M), part of the A64 road; the A61 between York Road and the M621; the M621 between junctions 4 and 2; and the A643 between the M621 and A58. The motorway section is in total is 2.5 miles (4.0 km) long and is subject to a 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) speed limit throughout.
The motorway section of the ring road forms a semicircle around the north of the city centre. It is classified as a motorway to prohibit certain types of traffic and pedestrians but is not designed to modern motorway standards: it has no hard shoulders and many exits are unsuitable for a true motorway, including a right-side (fast lane) slip road exit. Most of it runs in a concrete-walled cutting, but it goes into a tunnel under the Leeds General Infirmary. The motorway cuts through inner-city neighbourhoods such as Woodhouse, Sheepscar, and Buslingthorpe, forming an important link in the road network by allowing traffic from the A65, A660, A58, A61 and A64 to bypass the city centre.
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A640 road
The A640 is a road in England which runs between Rochdale in Greater Manchester and Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.
The Rochdale terminus is the junction of Drake Street and Manchester Road (A58). From here, the road runs eastward through Newbold, Belfield, Firgrove, Milnrow, Newhey, Ogden, Denshaw, Buckstones, Deanhead, Scammonden, Outlane, Salendine Nook, Oakes and Marsh, before meeting the A62 at Huddersfield's town centre ring road.
The road is often closed during periods of snow due to its remote nature. This cuts off the non-motorway route from Huddersfield to Manchester.
Coordinates: 53°37′08″N 1°59′19″W / 53.6190°N 1.9886°W / 53.6190; -1.9886 (A640 road)
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A66 road
The A66 is a major road in northern England which in part follows the course of the Roman road from Scotch Corner to Penrith. It runs from east of Middlesbrough in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire to Workington in Cumbria. It is anomalously numbered since west of Penrith it trespasses into numbering zone 5; this is because it originally terminated at the A6 in Penrith, but was extended further west in order to create one continuous east–west route. Most of what is now the A66 west of Penrith was originally A594 – only a small stub of this road remains, from Maryport to Cockermouth.
From its eastern terminus between Redcar and Middlesbrough, it runs past Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington mainly as two to three lane dual-carriageway and single carriageway past Darlington, becoming motorway standard as the A66(M) shortly before meeting junction 57 of the A1(M). It follows the A1(M) south to Scotch Corner from where it continues west across the Pennines, past Brough, Appleby, Kirkby Thore, Temple Sowerby, Penrith, Keswick and Cockermouth, and on through the northern reaches of the Lake District, before arriving at the coastal town of Workington. There is a short stretch of two lane dual carriageway alongside the northern part of Bassenthwaite Lake between Keswick and Cockermouth. Whilst the eastbound section follows the straight line of the disused Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway, the westbound section has numerous bends with climbs and dips. The western end of the Bassenthwaite stretch has been permanently reduced to a single lane with a 50 miles per hour (80 km/h) limit monitored by average speed cameras.
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A823(M) motorway
The A823(M) is a motorway in Fife, Scotland. It is a 1 mile (1.6km) spur from the M90 into Dunfermline. It is the highest numbered Ax(M) motorway in the UK. The road provides a fast route for traffic from Dunfermline to the Forth Road Bridge. When opened in 1969 it was intended to be part of a longer motorway continuing eastbound along to the north coast of the Firth of Forth and a bridge was built for this extension. Following the upgrade of the A92 it is considered unlikely this route will be constructed.
Coordinates: 56°02′46″N 3°25′05″W / 56.0462°N 3.4181°W / 56.0462; -3.4181
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Batley
Coordinates: 53°42′58″N 1°37′37″W / 53.716°N 1.627°W / 53.716; -1.627
Batley is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, West Yorkshire, England. It lies 7 miles (11 km) southeast of Bradford, 7 miles (11 km) southwest of Leeds and 1 mile (2 km) north of Dewsbury, near the M62 motorway. It has a population of 49,448 (including Birstall). Other nearby towns include: Morley to the northeast, Ossett to the southeast and Brighouse westsouthwest. After undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century through the success of the shoddy (recycled wool) trade, Batley has more recently undergone a period of decline. Batley is part of a special EU transformation zone.
The name Batley is derived from Danish, meaning either valley or homestead of bats, or more likely, homestead of the locally prominent Batte family. It is recorded in the Domesday Book as 'Bateleia'. After the Norman Conquest, the manor was granted to Ilbert de Lacy. It subsequently passed into the ownership of the de Batleys, and by the 12th century had passed by marriage to the Copley family. Their residence at Batley Hall was held directly from the Crown; at this time the district fell within the Duchy of Lancaster. The population at this time was 30 to 40 people. By the late 14th century, the population has increased to around 100.
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Bawtry
Coordinates: 53°25′40″N 1°01′00″W / 53.4278°N 1.0167°W / 53.4278; -1.0167
Bawtry is a small market town and civil parish which lies at the point where the Great North Road crosses the River Idle in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in South Yorkshire, England. Nearby towns include Gainsborough to the east, Retford south southeast, Worksop to the southwest and Doncaster to the northwest. It has a population of 3,204.
Bawtry is located in the metropolitan borough of Doncaster on the border with Nottinghamshire, and is situated between Bircotes and Misson at the conjunction of the A614, A631 and A638 roads. The county boundary with Nottinghamshire runs just to the south of the town and for this reason the southern most house on the Great North Road is named 'Number One Yorkshire'.
Bawtry's geographical location is 53° 25' 40" North, 1° 1' West, at an elevation of around 20 metres above sea level.
The town is located just south of Robin Hood Airport, formerly RAF Finningley, and was home to the RAF's No.1 Group Bomber Command Headquarters at Bawtry Hall (see RAF Bawtry). Since 1989 Bawtry Hall has operated as a Christian conference centre and a base for several Christian organisations.
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Birmingham
Birmingham (
i/ˈbɜrmɪŋəm/ BUR-ming-əm, locally /ˈbɜrmɪŋɡəm/ BUR-ming-gəm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands of England. It is the most populous British city outside the capital London, with a population of 1,036,900 (2010 estimate), and lies at the heart of the West Midlands conurbation, the second most populous urban area in the United Kingdom with a population of 2,284,093 (2001 census). Birmingham's metropolitan area is also the United Kingdom's second most populous with a population of 3,683,000.
A medium-sized market town during the medieval period, Birmingham grew to international prominence in the 18th century at the heart of the Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw the town at the forefront of worldwide developments in science, technology and economic organisation, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791 it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly-skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided a diverse and resilient economic base for industrial prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. Its resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of broad-based political radicalism, that under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy.
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Blackburn
Coordinates: 53°44′42″N 2°28′37″W / 53.7449°N 2.4769°W / 53.7449; -2.4769
Blackburn (
pronounced /ˈblækbɜrn/) (help·info)) is a large town in Lancashire, England. It lies to the north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley, 9 miles (14 km) east of the city of Preston, 27 miles (43 km) north-northwest of the city of Manchester. and is 13 miles (21 km) north of the border with Greater Manchester. Blackburn is bounded to the south by Darwen, with which it forms the unitary authority area of Blackburn with Darwen, Blackburn being the administrative centre. At the time of the UK Government's 2001 census, Blackburn had a population of 105,085, whilst the wider borough of Blackburn with Darwen had a population of 140,700.
A former mill town, textiles have been produced in Blackburn since the middle of the 13th century, when wool was woven in people's houses in the domestic system. Flemish weavers who settled in the area during the 14th century helped to develop the woollen cottage industry in the region.James Hargreaves, inventor of the spinning jenny, was a weaver in Blackburn. The most rapid period of growth and development in Blackburn's history coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing. Blackburn was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the first industrialised towns in the world.
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Bradford
Coordinates: 53°48′00″N 1°45′07″W / 53.8000°N 1.75206°W / 53.8000; -1.75206
Bradford (i/ˈbrædfəd/) lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, in Northern England. It is situated in the foothills of the Pennines, 8.6 miles (13.8 km) west of Leeds, and 16 miles (25.7 km) northwest of Wakefield. Bradford became a municipal borough in 1847, and received its charter as a city in 1897. Following local government reform in 1974, city status was bestowed upon the wider metropolitan borough.
Bradford has a population of 293,717, making it the fourteenth-most populous settlement in the United Kingdom. Bradford forms part of the West Yorkshire Urban Area conurbation which in 2001 had a population of 1.5 million and is part of the Leeds-Bradford Larger Urban Zone (LUZ), the third largest in the UK after London and Manchester, with an estimated population in the 2004 Urban Audit of 2.4 million.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Bradford rose to prominence during the 19th century as an international centre of textile manufacture, particularly wool. It was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, and amongst the earliest industrialised settlements, rapidly becoming the "wool capital of the world". The area's access to a supply of coal, iron ore and soft water facilitated the growth of Bradford's manufacturing base, which, as textile manufacture grew, led to an explosion in population and was a stimulus to civic investment; Bradford has fine Victorian architecture including the grand Italianate City Hall.
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Bridlington
Coordinates: 54°05′17″N 0°12′01″W / 54.088°N 0.2004°W / 54.088; -0.2004
Bridlington is a seaside resort, minor sea fishing port and civil parish on the Holderness Coast of the North Sea, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It has a static population of over 33,000, which rises considerably during the tourist season. The town is twinned with Millau in France and Bad Salzuflen in Germany. One of the UK's coastal weather stations is located at Bridlington.
Bridlington is a seaside resort and minor fishing port on the Holderness Coast of the North Sea. It is an area which is said to have the highest coastal erosion rate in Europe.
Southward the coast becomes low, but northward it is steep and very fine, where the great spur of Flamborough Head projects eastward. The sea front is protected by a sea wall and a wide beach encouraged by wooden groynes which trap the sand. The beaches are part of a large deposit of smithic sand which stretches out into the bay in sand banks which are an important habitat for many marine species.
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Brighouse
Coordinates: 53°42′25″N 1°47′38″W / 53.707°N 1.794°W / 53.707; -1.794
Brighouse (pronounced Brig-ouse, the h being silent) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the River Calder, 4 miles (6.4 km) east of Halifax in the Pennines. It is served by Junction 25 of the M62 motorway and Brighouse railway station on the Caldervale Line and Huddersfield Line. In the town centre is a mooring basin on the Calder and Hebble Navigation. The United Kingdom Census 2001 gave the Brighouse / Rastrick subdivison of the West Yorkshire Urban Area a population of 32,360.
The name Brighouse (or "Bridge House") originates from a building on (or close to) the bridge over the River Calder. In its early history, it was a hamlet of the nearby village of Rastrick.
Brighouse is twinned with Lüdenscheid in Germany, the link beginning with an exchange by Brighouse Children's Theatre in 1950 followed by a civic twinning charter in 1960.
There was a river crossing called Snake Hill Ford across the Calder – believed to have formed part of the Roman route between Wakefield and Manchester. A wooden structure called Rastrick Bridge was recorded in 1275. The bridge was replaced by another built with timber donated by John Hanson in 1514. Hanson's son funded a stone replacement for this bridge in 1558. The river provided power for the flour milling industry and the textile mills. Brighouse's industry received a boost through the construction of the Calder and Hebble Navigation, started in 1757 by the engineer John Smeaton.
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Burtonwood
Coordinates: 53°25′49″N 2°39′41″W / 53.430153°N 2.661355°W / 53.430153; -2.661355
Burtonwood and Westbrook is a civil parish in the outermost suburbs of Warrington in Cheshire, England. Historically within Lancashire, the name Burtonwood is known worldwide as the location of the former RAF Station Burtonwood military camp. Burtonwood village itself is a few miles away from the site of the former station. The civil parish also includes Westbrook, which is a council ward and suburb of Warrington. According to the 2001 census, the population of the entire civil parish was 11,265.
Burtonwood was a chapelry in the ancient parish of Warrington, in the West Derby Hundred of Lancashire. It was later created a civil parish and was part of the Warrington Poor Law Union and then the Warrington Rural District. In 1974 it became part of Warrington District and is now part of the Warrington Unitary Authority. It is still a civil parish (now named Burtonwood and Westbrook) and thus has its own parish council. Burtonwood's population rose from 990 in 1861 to 2,408 in 1911 as the mining and brewing industries grew. The parish population leaped to 8,238 in 1951 due to the Americans with the arrival of the United States Air Force (USAF) personnel but dropped to 4,899 in 1971, before rising to 11,265 today as a result of housing development on the old RAF station site. Nowadays, there is work being done on the station and two of the camps have been knocked down. This is because of the Omega Project.
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Bury
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 2°17′53″W / 53.593°N 2.298°W / 53.593; -2.298
Bury /ˈbɛrɪ/ is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) east of Bolton, 5.9 miles (9.5 km) west-southwest of Rochdale, and 7.9 miles (12.7 km) north-northwest of the city of Manchester. Bury is surrounded by several smaller settlements, which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, with Bury as the largest settlement and administrative centre.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Bury emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a mill town centred on textile manufacture.
Bury is regionally notable for its open-air market - Bury Market - and its popularity has been increased since the introduction of the Manchester Metrolink tram system, which terminates in the town. The market is known for its supply of a local traditional dish - black pudding, served hot or cold and can be eaten either as a takeaway snack, or more commonly as an accompaniment or main ingredient of a meal starter or main course.
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Cadishead
Coordinates: 53°25′37″N 2°26′02″W / 53.427°N 2.434°W / 53.427; -2.434
Cadishead is a suburban town within the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. Historically a part of Lancashire, Cadishead is the most southwesterly settlement in the city of Salford.
The earliest record of Cadishead date to 1212, and show that the whole of Cadishead – then called Cadewalesate – was rented from King John by Gilbert Notton for four shillings (20p) a year, a sum equivalent to about £650 today. The name derives from the Old English words wælla and set, and Cada, a personal name; it means the "dwelling or fold by the stream of a man called Cada".
Until the early 19th century most of the area was part of the peat bog known as Chat Moss, but by 1805 work had started to reclaim the land. The opening of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894 had a major effect on the subsequent development of Cadishead.
Cadishead is situated between Irlam and Hollins Green/Rixton, either side of Liverpool Road (the A57) and adjacent to the Manchester Ship Canal and the M62 motorway, close to the border between Greater Manchester and Warrington. There are two purpose-built play areas located in the Hayes road area and on Lord Street (which, controversially, was built on an old graveyard). The Northbank industrial park dominates the east of Cadishead and the border with Irlam and supplies many jobs to the local area. Famous sons of Cadishead include Ray Lowry, Lowry was a painter and cartoonist with his most famous work being the London Calling album cover for the Clash.
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Calderdale
The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, through which the upper part of the River Calder flows, and from which it takes its name. There are also some small river valleys that contain tributaries of the River Calder.
Calderdale is made up of the amalgamation of six former local government districts, spanning (from east to west), the towns of Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden.
Halifax acts as the borough's main commercial, cultural and administrative centre, with numerous high street chain stores, markets, central library, borough council offices, public transport hub, central police station and the further and higher education college, as well as other major local organisations.
The borough covers part of the South Pennines and is the southern-most of the Yorkshire Dales. However, not being part of the Yorkshire Dales national park, Calderdale is generally less well known than its neighbours to the north.
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Calderdale MBC
The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, through which the upper part of the River Calder flows, and from which it takes its name. There are also some small river valleys that contain tributaries of the River Calder.
Calderdale is made up of the amalgamation of six former local government districts, spanning (from east to west), the towns of Brighouse, Elland, Halifax, Sowerby Bridge, Hebden Bridge and Todmorden.
Halifax acts as the borough's main commercial, cultural and administrative centre, with numerous high street chain stores, markets, central library, borough council offices, public transport hub, central police station and the further and higher education college, as well as other major local organisations.
The borough covers part of the South Pennines and is the southern-most of the Yorkshire Dales. However, not being part of the Yorkshire Dales national park, Calderdale is generally less well known than its neighbours to the north.
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Castleford
Coordinates: 53°42′58″N 1°21′22″W / 53.716°N 1.356°W / 53.716; -1.356
Castleford is the largest of the "five towns" district in the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England. It is near Pontefract, and has a population of 37,525 according to the 2001 Census, but has seen a rise in recent years and is now around 45,000-50,000. To the north the River Calder joins the River Aire and the Aire and Calder Navigation canal. To the west and south is the M62 motorway. The town is home to the rugby league Super League team Castleford Tigers.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Castleford and its surroundings have provided archaeological evidence of Roman activity.
Castleford is built on the site of a Roman army settlement that was named Lagentium or Legioleum. Funeral urns dating from the time of the Romans have been found there. The town's modern name is derived from the fort, Castle (referring to the fort) and Ford (a low crossing point through a river).
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Chat Moss
Coordinates: 53°27′46″N 2°25′54″W / 53.4629°N 2.4316°W / 53.4629; -2.4316
Chat Moss is a large area of peat bog that makes up 30 per cent of the City of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England. North of the River Irwell, 5 miles (8 km) to the west of Manchester, it occupies an area of about 10.6 square miles (27.5 km2).
As it might be recognised today, Chat Moss is thought to be about 7000 years old, but peat development seems to have begun there with the ending of the last ice age, about 10,000 years ago. The depth of peat varies between 24 feet (7 m) and 30 feet (9 m). In 1958 workers extracting peat discovered the severed head of what is believed to be a Romano-British Celt, possibly a sacrificial victim, in the eastern part of the moss near Worsley.
A great deal of work was carried out to reclaim large areas of Chat Moss, particularly during the 19th century, and a large-scale network of drainage channels is required to keep the land from reverting to bog. The moss threatened the completion of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, until George Stephenson succeeded in constructing a railway line through it in 1829; his solution was to "float" the line on a wood and stone foundation. The M62 motorway, completed in 1976, also crosses the moss, to the north of Irlam.
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Cheshire
Cheshire ( /ˈtʃɛʃər/ or /ˈtʃɛʃɪər/; also known as the County Palatine of Chester, and archaically, as the County of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although the largest town since county boundary changes in 1974 is Warrington (moved from Lancashire for administrative purposes in 1974). Other major towns include Widnes (also moved from Lancashire in 1974), Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow. Historically the county contained the Wirral, Stockport, Altrincham and other towns. The county is bordered by Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south, and Flintshire and Wrexham in Wales to the west. The county is a part of the Welsh Marches.
Cheshire's area is 2,343 square kilometres (905 sq mi) and its population is around 700,000. Apart from the large towns along the River Mersey and the historic city of Chester, it is mostly rural, with a number of small towns and villages that support an agricultural industry. It is historically famous as a former principality and for the production of Cheshire cheese, salt, bulk chemicals, and woven silk.
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Chester
Coordinates: 53°11′33″N 2°53′30″W / 53.1926°N 2.8918°W / 53.1926; -2.8918
Chester ( /ˈtʃɛstər/ CHESS-tər), is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 80,121 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
Chester was founded as a "castrum" or Roman fort with the name Deva Victrix in the year 79 by the Roman Legio II Adiutrix during the reign of the Emperor Vespasian. Chester's four main roads, Eastgate, Northgate, Watergate and Bridge, follow routes laid out at this time – almost 2,000 years ago. One of the three main Roman army bases, Deva later became a major settlement in the Roman province of Britannia. After the Romans left in the 5th century, the Saxons fortified the town against the Danes and gave Chester its name. The patron saint of Chester, Werburgh, is buried in Chester Cathedral.
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Cleckheaton
Coordinates: 53°43′30″N 1°43′08″W / 53.725°N 1.719°W / 53.725; -1.719
Cleckheaton is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, situated south of Bradford, east of Brighouse, west of Batley and south-west of Leeds. It is at the centre of the Spen Valley and was the major town in the former borough of Spenborough.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, Cleckheaton has a history as a mill town, like much of West Yorkshire, although this industry has now all but vanished.
Like much of England, the Spen Valley was once heavily wooded. Human habitation began thousands of years ago and Mesolithic and Neolithic remains have been found in various places. Roman remains have been found in the valley and it is thought that the roads from York to Chester, and from settlements in Halifax and Wakefield, ran through Cleckheaton and the junction gave rise to a staging post.
Cleckheaton was included in the ancient parish of Birstall. A chapel-of-ease, known as the White Chapel (later Whitechapel) was established in the area.
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Dewsbury
Coordinates: 53°41′28″N 1°37′59″W / 53.691°N 1.633°W / 53.691; -1.633
Dewsbury (/ˈdjuːzbəri/) is a minster town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England. It is to the west of Wakefield, east of Huddersfield and south of Leeds. It lies by the River Calder and an arm of the Calder and Hebble Navigation.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, after undergoing a period of major growth in the 19th century as a mill town, Dewsbury went through a period of decline. More recently there has been redevelopment of derelict mills into flats, and regenerating of run-down areas.
According to the 2001 census the Dewsbury urban sub-area had a population of 54,341. Dewsbury is the largest town in the Heavy Woollen District, a conurbation of small mill towns.
The Domesday Book of 1086 records the name as Deusberia and Deusberie. It is believed to mean "fortified place by a stream", from Old English deaw "dew" (stream) and burg "fort". Other suggestions include the Burg of David, from the old pre-Norman-Conquest British Gaelic for David, being Deu, similar to the Welsh form, Dai. There are other theories on the name's origins such as a Mercian name, after the founder of a fortified settlement, named Dui, Dew or Deus--"beria" meaning fort or stronghold. # "God's Hill", from the old British word "Duw", meaning God (cf Latin "Deus"), and "burg", meaning a hill [1] [2] or "Tiu's Hill", derived from the Germanic god Tiu from the same Indo-European origin.
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Doncaster
Coordinates: 53°30′58″N 1°07′59″W / 53.516°N 1.133°W / 53.516; -1.133
Doncaster ( /ˈdɒŋkæstə/, /ˈdɒŋkəstə/ or /ˈdɒŋkɑːstə/,Old English: Donne ceaster) is a town in South Yorkshire, England, and the principal settlement of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster. The town is about 20 miles (32 km) from Sheffield and is popularly referred to as "Donny". Doncaster has an international airport, and in recent years its centre has undergone regeneration including the development of an Education City campus, currently the largest education investment of its kind in the UK. Doncaster has also recently extended the Frenchgate Centre, a shopping centre and transport interchange.
Over the few years the Doncaster Lakeside, which is home to the Doncaster Rovers ground has undergone major development. With the opening of the Lakeside Village, a major retail outlet with some 45 retail shops and restaurants, the area is becoming more attractive to tourists.
According to the 2001 census, the urban sub-area of Doncaster had a population of 67,977. Together with Bentley and Armthorpe, it forms an urban area with a population of 127,851. The wider metropolitan borough had a 2001 population of around 286,866 projected as nearly 297,000 for 2011.
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East Cross Route
East Cross Route (ECR) is a dual-carriageway road constructed in east London as part of the uncompleted Ringway 1 as part of the London Ringways plan drawn up the 1960s to create a series of high speed roads circling and radiating out from central London. The road was constructed in the late 1960s and early 1970s and runs from Hackney Wick in north-east London, through the Blackwall Tunnel, to Kidbrooke in south-east London. The ECR was initially designated as part of the A102 but has, subsequently, been partially renumbered so that sections of it are now the A2 and A12.
At its northern end, the ECR (A12) follows part of the route of the former North London Railway between the closed Victoria Park and Old Ford stations. The railway junction at Victoria Park, where the still open section of the North London Line to Stratford station diverged, was reconstructed to permit the construction of the junction with the non-dual carriageway section of the A102 and the A106 and A115 roads, above which the line passes. The branch track to the docks that ran alongside the ECR to Old Ford, which had been used only for freight since the 1940s, was subsequently closed and lifted in the early 1980s.
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Elland
Coordinates: 53°40′59″N 1°50′24″W / 53.683°N 1.840°W / 53.683; -1.840
Elland is a market town in Calderdale, in the county of West Yorkshire, England, south of Halifax, by the River Calder and the Calder and Hebble Navigation. The area of Elland was called Elant in the Domesday Book. The town's name is derived from Old English meaning 'land by the water, river or land partly or wholly surrounded by water'. It had a population in United Kingdom Census 2001 of 14,554.
Mentioned in the 1086 Domesday Book as Elant, Elland was a centre of wool production. The decline of the woollen industry had a significant effect on the town, with many of the mills having been demolished or converted to residence.
Elland is one of the relatively few cases retaining continuity of tenure from before the Norman Conquest into the Middle Ages, as the Elland family were, in origin, Anglo-Saxon thegns. The Manor of Elland, with Greetland and Southowram, forms an island of the Honour of Pontefract in the surrounding Manor of Wakefield. In 1350 Sir John de Eland was murdered, as was his son in the following year, which extinguished the family in the male line and the Manor of Elland passed into the hands of the Savile family. From this period, the manor house ceased to be the principal dwelling of a gentry family, as the Saviles had their seat at the moated manor of Thornhill. Elland manor house was therefore never completely reconstructed and, when it was dismantled and excavated in 1975 by the West Yorkshire Archaeology Unit, it was found to incorporate a 13th century solar wing – one of the earliest secular buildings in the county. The manor house stood on a knoll aligned with the bridge over the River Calder and was destroyed during the construction of Calderdale Way bypass. The farm buildings, however, survive.
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Ferrybridge
Coordinates: 53°42′50″N 1°16′52″W / 53.714°N 1.281°W / 53.714; -1.281
Ferrybridge is a village in West Yorkshire, England at a historically important crossing of the River Aire. It is linked to other communities by the A1, which follows the route of the Great North Road.
The history of Ferrybridge - and its neighbour, Knottingley - dates back to the establishment of Anglo-Saxon settlements along this stretch of the river. The respective histories of the two settlements of Ferrybridge and Knottingley are closely linked, bringing glassmaking, shipbuilding, brewing and potteries to the area.
Geologically, Ferrybridge and Knottingley are located on rich soil, over a bed of magnesian limestone.
An archaeological feature at Ferrybridge is Ferrybridge Henge, a prehistoric ceremonial monument dating back to the Neolithic period, constructed during the period 4,500-1,500 B.C. when monuments of this kind began to appear. Ferrybridge Henge is one of the oldest remaining antiquities in the local area. Recently a 2,400-year-old chariot burial was discovered there.
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France
France (Englishi/ˈfræns/ FRANSS or /ˈfrɑːns/ FRAHNSS; French: [fʁɑ̃s] (
listen)), officially the French Republic (French: République française [ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is often referred to as l’Hexagone ("The Hexagon") because of the geometric shape of its territory. It is the largest western European country and it possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world, covering 11,035,000 km2 (4,260,000 sq mi), just behind that of the United States (11,351,000 km2 / 4,383,000 sq mi).
Over the past 500 years, France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military and political influence in Europe and around the world. During the 17th and 18th centuries, France colonised great parts of North America and Southeast Asia; during the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second largest colonial empire of the time, including large portions of North, West and Central Africa, Southeast Asia, and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.
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Gilberdyke
Coordinates: 53°45′07″N 0°44′10″W / 53.751957°N 0.736066°W / 53.751957; -0.736066
Gilberdyke is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately 16 miles (26 km) west of Hull city centre and 5 miles (8 km) east of Howden town centre. It lies a mile south of the M62 motorway on the B1230 road.
The civil parish is formed by the village of Gilberdyke and the hamlets of Bennetland, Hive, Sandholme and Scalby. According to the 2001 UK census, Gilberdyke parish had a population of 3,028.
The village is served by Gilberdyke railway station on both the Hull to Sheffield line and the Hull to York line.
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Gildersome
Coordinates: 53°45′32″N 1°37′56″W / 53.75901431°N 1.63222453°W / 53.75901431; -1.63222453
Gildersome is a village and civil parish in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough 5 miles (7 km) south west of Leeds city centre in West Yorkshire, England.
It is situated midway between Leeds, Wakefield and Bradford but is considered part of Morley in the LS27 (Leeds (Morley)) postcode area while the village telephone numbers are "0113", the Leeds prefix.
Gildersome was an Urban district, established in 1894. In 1937 it was absorbed into the Municipal Borough of Morley. In 1974 the borough was abolished and combined with neighbouring authorities in the City of Leeds. Although the village is still classed as part of the Morley urban area in the census, it is technically separate, and is not governed by Morley Town Council. In 2004 a civil parish was established and the village now has a parish council. Gildersome is in the Morley North ward, which elects three councillors to Leeds City Council, and is in the Morley and Outwood parliamentary constituency.
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Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (i/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.
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Goole
Coordinates: 53°41′57″N 0°52′09″W / 53.699217°N 0.869171°W / 53.699217; -0.869171
Goole is a town, civil parish and port located approximately 45 miles (72 km) inland on the confluence of the rivers Don and Ouse in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The port is "highly versatile", and is capable of handling nearly 3 million tonnes of cargo per annum, making it one of the most important ports on the east coast of England.
Goole is twinned with Złotów, Poland, (and was twinned with Rostock, East Germany in 1969 although this seems to have lapsed). Goole was informally twinned with Gibraltar in the 1960s; at that time, Gibraltar Court was named in Goole and Goole Court was named in Gibraltar.
The Dutch civil engineer Cornelius Vermuyden diverted the River Don northwards to the River Ouse in 1626-1629 to drain the marshland of Hatfield Chase at the behest of King Charles I. This also made the lower Don navigable for small barges so that coal from the South Yorkshire Coalfields could be transported to "Goole" at the new mouth of the Don (or "Dutch River") for transfer to seagoing vessels.
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Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.
Greater Manchester spans 493 square miles (1,277 km2). It is landlocked and borders Cheshire (to the south-west and south), Derbyshire (to the south-east), West Yorkshire (to the north-east), Lancashire (to the north) and Merseyside (to the west). There is a mix of high-density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Greater Manchester, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Manchester city centre and the adjoining parts of Salford and Trafford, but Greater Manchester is also a polycentric county with ten metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Greater Manchester Urban Area is the third most populous conurbation in the UK, and spans across most of the county's territory.
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Howden
Coordinates: 53°44′39″N 0°51′48″W / 53.744111°N 0.863416°W / 53.744111; -0.863416
Howden is a small market town and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies north of the M62, on the A614 road about 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Goole and 17 miles (27 km) south-west of York. William the Conqueror gave the town to the Bishops of Durham in 1080. The wapentake of Howdenshire was named after the town, the Bishops of Durham also owning the wapentake.
Howden is situated on the A614, although the town itself has been bypassed. Howden lies close to the M62 and the M18 motorways, nearby to Goole which lies at the opposite side of the River Ouse. The town is served by Howden railway station, which is situated in North Howden and has services to Leeds, Selby and Kingston upon Hull.
Howden is surrounded by largely flat land and in some places marshland. Much of the land surrounding Howden is separated by many drainage dykes.
One of the earliest recorded parts of Howden's history is King Edgar of England giving his first wife, Ethelfleda, Howden Manor in 959 AD, the beginnings of a long connection with the royal court of England.
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Huddersfield
Coordinates: 53°38′42″N 1°46′47″W / 53.6450°N 1.7798°W / 53.6450; -1.7798
Huddersfield (i/ˈhʌdərzˌfiːld/) is a large market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, situated halfway between Leeds and Manchester. It lies 190 miles (310 km) north of London, and 10.3 miles (16.6 km) south of Bradford, the nearest city.
Huddersfield is near the confluence of the River Colne and the River Holme. Located within the historic county boundaries of the West Riding of Yorkshire, according to the 2001 Census it was the 10th largest town in the UK and with a total resident population of 146,234. It is the largest urban area in the metropolitan borough of Kirklees and the administrative centre of the borough. The town is well known for its important role in the Industrial Revolution, for being the birthplace of rugby league and for being the birthplace of the late British Prime Minister Harold Wilson.
Huddersfield today is a town of higher education, the media and sports, being home to the rugby league team, Huddersfield Giants, founded in 1895, who currently play in the European Super League and Football League One football team Huddersfield Town F.C., founded in 1908. The town is home to the University of Huddersfield and the sixth form colleges Greenhead College, Kirklees College and Huddersfield New College
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Huyton
Coordinates: 53°24′36″N 2°50′35″W / 53.41°N 2.843°W / 53.41; -2.843
Huyton (/ˈhaɪtən/HY-tən) is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England. It is part of the Liverpool Urban Area and has close associations with its neighbour, Roby, having both formerly been part of the Huyton with Roby Urban District.
Huyton was first settled about 600-650 AD by Angles. The settlement was founded on a low hill surrounded by inaccessible marshy land. The name Huyton gives a clue as to its origins. The first part of the name may suggest a landing-place, probably on the banks of the River Alt. (The area of land now known as Huyton Wetlands . is the source of the River).
Both Huyton and Roby are mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, Huyton being spelt Hitune.
Huyton-with-Roby is situated near to the south western extremity of the former Lancashire coalfield. In the 19th century Welsh immigrants settled in the area to work in nearby colleries. A Welsh-speaking Non-conformist chapel (Calvinistic Methodists) was founded in Wood Lane, Huyton Quarry. Nearby Cronton Colliery finally ceased production in March 1984, shortly before the UK miners' strike (1984–1985). Both Huyton and Roby have railway stations on the famous Liverpool and Manchester Railway (The station at Huyton Quarry closed in 1958 and today only the main station building remains). The railway’s construction was supervised by George Stephenson and, when it opened in 1830, it became the world’s first regular passenger train service. On the day of the railway's official opening, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington alighted the train at Roby railway station.
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Irlam
Coordinates: 53°26′48″N 2°24′48″W / 53.4467°N 2.4133°W / 53.4467; -2.4133
Irlam is a suburban town and unparished area within the City of Salford in Greater Manchester, England. At the 2001 census it had a population of 18,504. The town lies on flat ground on the south side of the M62 motorway and the north bank of the Manchester Ship Canal, and is 6.7 miles (10.8 km) west-southwest of Salford, 7.6 miles (12.2 km) west-southwest of Manchester and 8.3 miles (13.4 km) east-northeast of Warrington. Irlam forms a continuous urban area with Cadishead to the southwest, and is divided from Flixton and the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford to the southeast by the Manchester Ship Canal.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Irlam was anciently known as Irwellham, and was an outlying area of Chat Moss, a large peat bog which straddled the River Irwell. Work was carried out during the 19th century to reclaim large areas of Chat Moss to enable the completion of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1829. In 1894 the Irwell was adjusted so that its waters were united with the Manchester Ship Canal, stimulating the growth of Irlam as an inland port. Irlam Urban District was established in the same year and was governed thereafter by its own district council until its abolition in 1974.
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Kingston upon Hull
Kingston upon Hull (i/ˌkɪŋstən əpɒn ˈhʌl/ KING-stən ə-pon HUL), usually referred to as Hull, is a city and unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Hull at its junction with the Humber estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea. Hull has a resident population of 263,900 (2010 est.). The Larger Urban Zone (LUZ) population stands at 573,300.
Renamed Kings town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, the town and city of Hull has served as market town, military supply port, a trading hub, fishing and whaling centre, and industrial metropolis.
Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, played a key role in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain.
The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally-owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes.
After suffering heavy damage during the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of post-industrial decline, during which the city gained unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education and policing. In recent years the city has embarked on an extensive programme of economic regeneration, reconstruction and urban renewal. The economic crisis since 2008 has caused some setbacks to these developments.
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Kirklees
Coordinates: 53°35′35″N 1°48′04″W / 53.593°N 1.801°W / 53.593; -1.801
The Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees is a metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. It has a population of 401,000 and includes the settlements of Batley, Birstall, Cleckheaton, Denby Dale, Dewsbury, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Huddersfield, Kirkburton, Marsden, Meltham, Mirfield and Slaithwaite. Huddersfield is the largest settlement of the district, and its centre of administration.
The borough was formed under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, by a merger of the county boroughs of Dewsbury and Huddersfield along with the municipal boroughs of Batley and Spenborough and the urban districts of Colne Valley, Denby Dale, Heckmondwike, Holmfirth, Kirkburton, Meltham and Mirfield.
The name "Kirklees" was chosen by the merging councils from more than fifty suggestions, including "Upper Agbrigg", "Brigantia" and "Wooldale". It was named after Kirklees Priory, legendary burial place of Robin Hood. The site of the priory is now Kirklees Park Estate, situated mid way between Huddersfield and Dewsbury and the location of Kirklees Hall.
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Knottingley
Coordinates: 53°42′18″N 1°14′56″W / 53.705°N 1.249°W / 53.705; -1.249
Knottingley is a town within the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield in West Yorkshire, England on the River Aire and the A1 road. It has a population of 13,503.
Until 1699, it was an important inland river port but, in that year, the Aire was made navigable as far as Leeds, which soon surpassed it. Knottingley continued as a centre for boat building into the twentieth century. After 1870, the town also became known for glass manufacturing.
The town is served by Knottingley railway station.
Knottingley is famous as a glass manufacturing town. In 1887 Bagley's Glassworks purchased the rights to the first bottle-making machine, invented by a Ferrybridge postmaster.
Close to Knottingley is the Ferrybridge Power Station, which has the largest cooling towers of their kind in Europe. Three of these towers collapsed in high winds in 1965. These towers can be seen for miles around. One of the oldest purpose-built cinemas in England, located in Aire Street, has been converted into flats.
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Knotty Ash
Coordinates: 53°24′47″N 2°53′24″W / 53.413°N 2.890°W / 53.413; -2.890
Knotty Ash is an area of Liverpool, Merseyside, England and a Liverpool City Council Ward. Historically within Lancashire, at the 2001 Census, the population was 13,200.
Knotty Ash is a small area on the eastern fringe of Liverpool and neighbouring districts include West Derby, Old Swan, Broadgreen and Dovecot.
It derived its name from a gnarled ash tree. In the 1960s it was made famous in the United Kingdom by stand-up comedian and local resident Ken Dodd, in whose television programme the dwarfish comic characters he called the Diddy Men lived there. In his BBC children's television programme Ken Dodd And The Diddymen (1969), the fictitious Diddyland, boasting the highest sunshine rate in the world, was situated in the centre of Knotty Ash. The Diddy Men worked in the local "Jam Butty Mines".
In 2004, Mr Dodd planted a new ash tree close to the site of the original (outside the Knotty Ash pub).
Knotty Ash is mentioned in the lyrics of the song "Liverpool Lullaby" written by Stan Kelly-Bootle.
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Lancashire
Lancashire ( /ˈlæŋkəʃər/ or, less commonly, /ˈlæŋkəʃɪər/) is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England. It takes its name from the city of Lancaster, and is sometimes known as the County of Lancaster. Although Lancaster is still considered to be the county town, Lancashire County Council is based in Preston. Lancashire is sometimes referred to by the abbreviation Lancs, as originally used by the Royal Mail. The population of the county is 1,449,700. People from the county are known as Lancastrians.
The history of Lancashire is thought to have begun with its founding in the 12th century. In the Domesday Book (1086), some of its lands had been treated as part of Yorkshire. The land that lay Inter Ripam et Mersam, "between the Ribble and Mersey", formed part of the returns for Cheshire. Once its initial boundaries were established, it bordered Cumberland, Westmorland, Yorkshire and Cheshire.
Lancashire emerged during the Industrial Revolution as a major commercial and industrial region. The county encompassed several hundred mill towns and collieries. By the 1830s, approximately 85% of all cotton manufactured worldwide was processed in Lancashire.Preston, Accrington, Blackburn, Bolton, Rochdale, Oldham, Chorley, Darwen, Nelson, Colne and Burnley were major cotton mill towns during this time. Blackpool was a major centre for tourism for the inhabitants of Lancashire's mill towns, particularly during wakes week.
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Leeds
Coordinates: 53°47′59″N 1°32′57″W / 53.79972°N 1.54917°W / 53.79972; -1.54917 Leeds (i/ˈliːdz/) is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 (2011 est.), making it the 24th-most populous city in the European Union
Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial heart of the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which at the 2001 census had a population of 1.5 million, and the Leeds-Bradford Metropolitan Area, of which Leeds is the integral part, had a population of around 2.3 million, making it the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. In addition, the Leeds city region, an economic area with Leeds at its core, had a population of 2.9 million. Leeds is the UK's largest centre for business, legal, and financial services outside London, and its office market is the best in Europe for value. Leeds is considered a Gamma World City, alongside cities such as Phoenix, St. Petersburg and Valencia.
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Liverpool
Liverpool ( /ˈlɪvəpuːl/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Liverpool was 445,200 and was part of a larger urban area of 816,216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were both largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world's trade passed through Liverpool's docks, contributing to Liverpool's rise as a major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also colloquially known as "Scousers", in reference to the local dish known as "scouse", a form of stew. The word "Scouse" has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool's status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland. The city is also home to the oldest Black African community in the country and the oldest Chinese community in Europe.
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London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
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M13 motorway
Coordinates: 51°33′N 0°49′E / 51.55°N 0.817°E / 51.55; 0.817
The M13 was a planned radial motorway from London to a proposed new airport located at Maplin Sands near Southend-on-Sea, Essex. Only preliminary planning was carried out for the motorway before the proposals for the airport were dropped in favour of expanding Stansted Airport.
The route would have followed a similar route to the current A13 through Barking and Dagenham to Rainham before heading north-east towards South Ockendon then east towards Basildon. The M13 route would have continued eastwards between Basildon and Stanford-le-Hope before passing north of Canvey Island and south of Hadleigh, Leigh-on-Sea. The last section of motorway would have been constructed in the Thames Estuary passing south of Southend-on-Sea and Shoeburyness to reach the proposed site of the airport.
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M16 motorway
The M16 motorway was the designation planned in the late 1960s and early 1970s for use on Ringway 3, a new motorway planned as part of the London Ringways Plan to run a circular route around London.
Construction of the first section of the M16 began in 1973 between South Mimms and Potters Bar in Hertfordshire and opened in September 1975 with the temporary general purpose road designation A1178. During construction of the first section of the motorway, the majority of the Ringways plan was cancelled and, in 1975 the plans for Ringway 3 were modified to combine it with parts of another motorway, Ringway 4, the outermost Ringway.
The M16 designation was dropped and the combined motorway was given the designation M25 which had originally been intended for the southern and western part of Ringway 4. The section of Ringway 3 west of South Mimms anti-clockwise around London to Swanley in Kent was cancelled and the section clockwise from Potters Bar to the Dartford Tunnel was constructed between 1979 and 1982. The section of Ringway 3 south of the river between Dartford and Swanley was constructed between 1974 and 1977.
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M180 motorway
The M180 motorway is a short but major (25 miles (40 km)) motorway in England from junction 5 on the M18 motorway in the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster to a point close to Humberside Airport some 5 miles (8 km) from the ports of Immingham and Grimsby and the east coast and provides access for major routes to Cleethorpes, Grimsby, Hull (via the Humber Bridge), Immingham, Lincoln, Scunthorpe and also provides major access for Humberside Airport and the Killingholme Oil Refineries. The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroute E22 and is the main route along the south bank of the Humber Estuary. It is the longest motorway in the United Kingdom to carry a three digit number.
The motorway bypass around Brigg was discussed for many years, but the Flixborough explosion gave it more importance, and was built three years later in 1977 as the second section of the motorway. At this time the A15 ran through Hibaldstow and Redbourne to Brigg, and the junction with the motorway was at Castlethorpe Corner, about 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the current A15 junction on the line of the Roman Ermine Street. The initial, and somewhat diminutive section of the motorway was the short-lived A18(M) also known as the Tudworth Link, which connected the roundabout junction with the M18 to the A18/A614. The easterly A18(M) sliproad is still used, though the original roundabout at junction 1 has now been replaced by a bridge close to Tudworth Hall Farm. The last section to be built was the Trent viaduct, opened in October 1979 by Kenneth Clarke, despite being 43 weeks late on account of strikes and bad weather.
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M181 motorway
The M181 motorway links the town of Scunthorpe, England, to the M180 motorway. A spur of the M180, the road is virtually straight through its entire 2-mile (3.2 km) length. It was opened in December 1978, at the same time as the section of M180 from junction 3 (A15) to the east side of the River Trent (the bridge was not opened until late 1979).
It begins just outside Scunthorpe, at the junction of the A1077 and A18. There is an out-of-town retail park, known locally as Gallagher Retail Park, which offers a wide variety of food and retail outlets, and Glanford Park, the home of Scunthorpe United Football Club at this junction. At the other end, the road has a junction for the M180 east, while the main carriageway merges with the M180 west. It has no intermediate junctions. It is built to typical British motorway standards, being two lanes in each direction, plus a hard shoulder for its entire length.
Coordinates: 53°34′24″N 0°42′04″W / 53.5734°N 0.7012°W / 53.5734; -0.7012 (M181, approximate mid-point)
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M20 motorway
The M20 is a motorway in Kent, England. It runs from the M25 motorway to Folkestone, providing a link to the Channel Tunnel and the ports at Dover. It is 50.6 miles (81.4 km) long. Although not signposted in England, this road is part of the European route E15.
The road starts at its junction with the M25 motorway and A20 road just east of Swanley, then continues south east across the River Darent, north of Farningham through the North Downs, past West Kingsdown and Wrotham to meet the M26. It then strikes east, running north of Addington. When it reaches junction 4 it passes south of New Hythe and runs parallel to the Medway Valley railway line before crossing it close to junction 5. This next section is the Maidstone bypass. High Speed 1 then runs parallel to the motorway as it continues to the north of Bearsted, crosses the Swanley to Ashford (via Maidstone East) Line then out into the countryside alongside Leeds Castle. Proceeding south of Lenham and Charing it is crossed by the Ashford and CTRL railway lines before becoming the Ashford bypass. Travelling past Brabourne Lees it is once again joined by the CTRL and the East Stour.
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M23 motorway
The M23 motorway is a motorway in the United Kingdom. The motorway runs from south of Hooley in Surrey, where it splits from the A23, to Pease Pottage, south of Crawley in West Sussex where it rejoins the A23. The northern end of the motorway starts at junction 7 on what is effectively a 2-mile (3.2 km) spur north from junction 7 of the M25 motorway (junction 8 on the M23). From Hooley it runs for 17 miles (27 km) past Redhill, Gatwick Airport and Crawley. A spur runs from junction 9 to Gatwick Airport.
The M23 was planned to relieve congestion on the A23 through Streatham, Thornton Heath, Purley and Coulsdon in south London and was originally intended to terminate in Streatham Vale at a junction with the controversial London Ringways Plan's Ringway 2 (the intended replacement of the South Circular Road (A205)).
In an earlier version of the Ringways Plan it would have continued into central London where it would have met the Balham Loop spur from Ringway 1 (the London Motorway Box) at Tooting. This was dropped in 1967 when the northern terminus was changed to Ringway 2.
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M25 motorway
The M25 motorway, London Ring Motorway, or London Orbital motorway is a 117-mile (188 km) motorway that almost encircles Greater London, England, in the United Kingdom. The motorway was first mooted early in the 20th century. A few sections, based on the now abandoned London Ringways plan, were constructed in the early 1970s and it was completed in 1986. The M25 is one of the world's longest orbital roads and one of the busiest and most congested parts of the British motorway network. 196,000 vehicles were recorded in a single day near London Heathrow Airport. Plans to widen additional sections to eight lanes (four each way) were scaled back in 2009 in response to rising costs.
Originally built mainly as a dual three-lane motorway, much of the motorway has subsequently been widened to dual four-lanes in places and to a dual five-lane section between junctions 12 and 14 and a dual six-lane between junctions 14 and 15. Further widening is in progress with plans for managed motorways on other sections.
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M26 motorway
The M26 is a motorway in Kent, England. It provides a short link between the M25/A21 at Sevenoaks and the M20 near Wrotham.
The motorway starts at junction 3 of the M20 and heads west, encountering almost immediately the single junction along its length where it has an interchange with the A20. This junction is numbered 2a to reflect its proximity to the M20's nearby junction 2 (also connecting with the A20) a short distance to the north-west.
8 miles (13 km) to the west the M26 merges with the M25 at junction 5. There is no exit from the M26 at junction 5 and all traffic must join the clockwise (westbound) M25. The next M25 junction, number 6, is 10 miles (16 km) west at Godstone, thus traffic joining the M26 at Junction 2a cannot leave the motorway for 18 miles (29 km) – the longest distance between motorway exits in Britain.
Travelling in the anti-clockwise direction from the M25, the main carriageway continues directly on to the M26 at junction 5. To remain on the M25, traffic must turn on to the slip road which connects to the M25 spur coming north from Sevenoaks (Which is the same with the A21). The awkwardness of junction 5 is a result of the history of the two motorways' planning and construction.
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M27 motorway
The M27 is a motorway in Hampshire, England. It is 25 miles (40 km) long and runs west-east from Cadnam to Portsmouth. It was opened in stages between 1975 and 1983. It is unfinished, as an extension to the east was planned. A number of smaller motorways were proposed, connecting the city centres of Southampton and Portsmouth to the motorway; of these only the M271 and M275 were built.
Two sections of the M27 near Southampton and Portsmouth have been widened to four lanes each way.
Running approximately parallel both to the coast of the Solent and to the A27, the M27 starts as an eastwards continuation of the A31 from Bournemouth and Poole, meets the A36 from Salisbury, crosses the Wessex Main Line railway, and then meets the M271 to central Southampton. After the M271, the road becomes a dual four lane motorway and passes Rownhams services, it then meets the M3, becoming a dual three lane motorway as it passes to the north of Southampton, passes Southampton Airport, meeting Junction 7 and becoming dual four lanes again, then becoming dual three lanes after Junction 8, it then runs alongside the West Coastway Line as it heads south-east towards Fareham. It then runs alongside the northern outskirts of Fareham, briefly with a fourth climbing lane in either direction, before its junction with the M275 to Portsmouth. At this point the motorway ends, becoming the A27.
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M271 motorway
The M271 is a motorway near Southampton in Hampshire, England. It is 3 miles (4.8 km) long. Construction began in 1973 and it opened in 1975. It provides part of the route to Southampton Docks from the M27.
The motorway begins at Redbridge near Totton at a grade separated roundabout with the A35, heading north, briefly as a dual 3 lane motorway. At its first junction, it reduces to 2 lanes and continues east of Hillyfields. After a further 1 mile (1.6 km) it reaches a junction with the M27 at a signal controlled roundabout. North of the M27 it enters the countryside and terminates after a further 1 mile (1.6 km) of dual 2 lane road at another roundabout, this time with the A3057 near Upton.
The route has several features that are inconsistent with UK motorway standards, including a sharp bend at its southern terminus, and an at-grade roundabout at its junction with the M27. Hampshire County Council's LTTP to 2026 (Long Term Transport Plan) identifies the need for an 'M271 Spur' at the southern end to connect it to the A33 towards the docks in a free-flow interchange.
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M275 motorway
The M275 is a 2-mile (3.2 km) long, dual three-lane motorway in Hampshire, southern England. It is the principal route for entering and leaving Portsmouth. It continues as the A3 into Portsmouth, and meets the M27 at its northern terminus. From the motorway, there are scenic views over Portsmouth harbour, and the Sails of the South between the two carriageways.
The M275 is one of few motorways in England which is not the responsibility of the Highways Agency. It is managed by Portsmouth City Council from the point where the slip roads to the M27 end. The M275 was not built with a full hard shoulder. For its entire length, a narrow verge is maintained, although there is space available for a full width shoulder. Instead, drivers are warned on entry from the A3 and M27 of the lack of hard shoulder, with signs saying "no hard shoulder for 2 miles".
The motorway was opened throughout its entire length in 1976. A junction was originally planned for a new development in the Tipner area of Portsmouth, known as the Gateway Project, which was shelved at the time. The junction's construction was abandoned primarily because planners realised that it would breach regulations that there must be a minimum of 1.25 miles (2.01 km) between motorway junctions. Before construction was halted, significant work had been carried out, including four incomplete slip roads with no road surfacing, two bridges above the site for the main roundabout, and realignment of Tipner Lane so that it served the roundabout. In 2001 the Sails of the South was unveiled close to the site of the missing junction.
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M31 motorway
The M31 motorway was planned as a Reading to M3 motorway which was dubbed the 'M3 – M4 link motorway'. It would have provided a direct high speed route between the two motorways. The motorway was planned at the same time as the largely unrealised London Ringways scheme and an additional section was planned that would have taken the M31 south and east from the M3 to connect to the scheme's Ringway 4 (now the M25) providing a shorter route for traffic travelling between the west and Surrey and Kent.
Only part of the planned route was built; it bears the designations A329(M) and A3290. Had the motorway been constructed it would have provided an alternative to the south-west section of the M25, reducing the motorway journey between Reading and Byfleet by approximately 10 miles (16 km) and alleviating traffic on what is the M25's busiest section.
Coordinates: 51°24′58″N 0°48′15″W / 51.41602°N 0.80423°W / 51.41602; -0.80423
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M32 motorway
The M32 is a motorway in South Gloucestershire and Bristol, England. It provides a link from Bristol city centre to the M4 and is part of the Bristol Parkway. At about 5 miles (8.0 km), it is one of Britain's shortest motorways. Most of the road has four lanes, though there is a climbing lane for 400 metres (440 yd) north of Junction 2, and the short section between Junction 1 and the M4 has six lanes.
The northern end of the M32 is at junction 19 of the M4, near Winterbourne Down. This was originally a grade separated roundabout junction, but has been modified in such a way that traffic joining the M4 need no longer give way at the roundabout. However any M4 traffic wishing to U-turn must now do so at junction 1, M32. The road then runs south between Filton in the west and Frenchay in the east. After meeting junction 1 it passes to the east of Horfield, Lockleaze and Easton. Junction 2 is located by Eastville Park. South of here, the road has a 60 mph (97 km/h) speed limit. It then continues further south and terminates at junction 3 north of St Pauls. The road continues as the A4032 into the centre of Bristol.
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M4 motorway
The M4 motorway links London with South Wales. It is part of the unsigned European route E30. Other major places along the route include Reading, Swindon, Bristol, Newport, Cardiff and Swansea. Originally referred to as the London-South Wales Motorway, the English section was constructed between 1965 and 1971, the Welsh section was completed in 1993 and the Second Severn Crossing opened in 1996.
The M4 runs close to the A4 from London to Bristol. After crossing the River Severn it follows the A48 through South Wales, using the Brynglas Tunnels at Junction 25a, Newport and terminates just north of Pontarddulais. The route of the M4 is known as the M4 corridor.
A new road from London to South Wales was first proposed in the 1930s, and the Ministry of Transport announced plans for the M4 as one of the first major post-war trunk road improvement projects in 1956.
The Chiswick Flyover opened in 1959. However it was not originally classed as a motorway. The Maidenhead bypass opened in 1961 whilst J1-J5 opened in 1965. From J18 to the west of Newport was opened in 1966 and included the Severn Bridge (now part of the M48). The Port Talbot by-pass, also built in the 1960s and now part of the M4, was originally the A48(M) motorway, a number now allocated to a short section of motorway near Cardiff. The Ministry of Transport originally intended that the M4 would terminate at Tredegar Park west of Newport, and it was only following the creation of the Welsh Office that the Government became committed to a high-standard dual carriageway to Pont Abraham in Carmarthenshire.
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M48 motorway
The M48 is a motorway in Great Britain joining Gloucestershire, England and Monmouthshire, Wales over the original Severn Bridge. The M48 is anomalously numbered, as it is entirely to the west of the M5 motorway and its number should really therefore begin with 5.
Travelling east to west, after leaving the M4 near Olveston in England, the M48 heads north-west towards Junction 1 near Aust. It then passes through a toll booth westbound only and crosses the Severn Bridge. On the Wye Bridge it crosses into Wales immediately to the south of Chepstow. It then heads south-west after Junction 2 past Crick and to the north of Caldicot. The motorway merges into the M4 near Magor. Junction 2 also gives access to the Wye Valley. Junction 1 is home to Severn View services, and can be accessed by the A403, from Avonmouth. Junction 2 for Chepstow can be accessed by the A466, which leads to the A48.
For Chepstow, travelling both east and west on the M4, the M48 is the most direct route.
The M48 was opened as part of the M4 in 1966. Before this date traffic between South West England and South Wales was either taken through on a motorail service through the Severn Tunnel, used the Aust Ferry (which was unsuitable for large goods vehicles) or travelled through Gloucester to pass north of the Severn Estuary.
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M49 motorway
The M49 motorway is a 5-mile (8.05 km) motorway west of Bristol, England, that forms a shortcut between the M5 motorway and the Second Severn Crossing on the M4 motorway. It was constructed in 1996, at the same time as the bridge and is unique as it is only accessible from other motorways. The original plans provided for an intermediate junction with the A403 to serve an expanded industrial area, but neither this nor the junction came to fruition.
The M49 is anomalously numbered, as it is entirely to the south of the M4 and should therefore begin with a 3.
It begins at junction 18A of the M5 and then heads roughly north and north west before it reaches its terminal junction with the M4 at junction 22, just before the Second Severn Crossing. It cuts journey times for traffic to and from Avonmouth docks, Central and southern Bristol and South West England. Having a two-way grade separated roundabout junction with the M4, it also fulfils the dual role of providing a bypass for the busy stretch of the M5 between the Avonmouth Bridge and the M4 in case of that route being shut.
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M53 motorway
The M53 is a 18.9-mile (30.4 km) motorway in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and Cheshire on the Wirral Peninsula in England. It can also be referred to as the Mid Wirral Motorway. It runs between the Kingsway Tunnel, at Wallasey in the north, and the A55 at Chester.
The main reason for the motorway was to provide a through route to the new Mersey Road Tunnel, Kingsway, which was built at the same time. Part of this motorway was originally the M531.
Starting at the northern end, the motorway starts in Wallasey at the exit slip roads from the Kingsway Tunnel from Liverpool. It loops round the north west of Birkenhead and then runs south as a dual 3-lane route between Upton, Woodchurch in the west and Prenton. From junctions 1 to 3 it runs parallel to the Borderlands railway line. It crosses this line south of junction 3. From this junction it proceeds south to the west of Bebington through junction 4 and then further south for 4 miles (6.4 km) (where it crosses the Wirral railway line), before narrowing to dual 2 lanes and turning sharply to the east. At junction 5, traffic for Wales can take the A41, A550 & A494 to join the A55 near Ewloe. The road passes north and then east of Hooton, then to the east of Overpool and Wolverham and with Ellesmere Port to the west.
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M55 motorway
The M55 is a motorway in Lancashire, England, which can also be referred to as the Preston Northern Bypass. It connects the seaside resort of Blackpool to the M6 at Preston. It is 11.4 miles (18.4 km) in length.
The M55 has three lanes in both directions for most of its length. After leaving the M6 at junction 32, the road immediately interchanges with the A6. It then crosses the West Coast Main Line and Lancaster Canal before passing north of Wesham to meet junction 3. It then continues west in a rural setting to meet junction 4, where the motorway ends and becomes the A5230. The western part of the M55, and the first few hundred metres of the A5230, occupy the route of the old Blackpool Branch railway line.
The first motorway constructed in Great Britain was the M6 Preston Bypass, opened in 1958. This ran from the current M6 junction 29 to the M55 junction 1. It was built as a 2 lane route. In 1965 the M6 was extended north from what is the current day junction 32 to meet the Lancaster Bypass, and the M6 junction was rebuilt to its current design to connect the A6 at the now M55 junction 1. Due to increasing traffic, it was decided to provide a motorway link to Blackpool and this road was opened in 1975.
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M56 motorway
The M56 motorway, also known as the North Cheshire motorway, is in Cheshire and Greater Manchester, England. It runs from junction 4 of the M60 to Dunkirk, Cheshire and is 33.3 miles (53.6 km) in length. It is often busy with long-distance commuter traffic towards North Wales. It serves commuters heading to Manchester particularly those from the wider Cheshire area and gives access to Manchester Airport from the national motorway network.
The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroute E22.
Although the main line of the motorway starts as a continuation of the A5103 Princess Parkway, the M56 begins on Sharston Spur. After passing through junctions 1 and 2, the spur joins the main line at junction 3, increasing from two lanes to four to accommodate Manchester Airport traffic.
The road then heads south to the west of Wythenshawe and Manchester Airport until it reaches junction 6, where it turns west. It runs to the south of Hale, reducing to three lanes. It passes junctions 7 and 8 which are part of the same complex. Junction 8 was planned to be used by the proposed A556(M)). The current proposals are to upgrade the A556 to a dual carriageway. Traffic for the southbound M6 leaves here and this junction can suffer from congestion. The motorway then enters a more rural setting between Broomedge and High Legh.
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M57 motorway
The M57 motorway, also known as the Liverpool Outer Ring Road, is a road in England. Designed as a bypass road for Liverpool, it is 14 miles (23 km) long and links various towns east of the city, as well as the M62 and M58 motorways.
Starting at the Tarbock Interchange in Tarbock, at the end of the A5300, the motorway heads north to the east of Huyton and west of Prescot and crosses the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. It then runs across the north east of Huyton before running west of Knowsley Village. After meeting the A580 at a split junction (numbered 4 & 5), it continues north west between Fazakerley and Kirkby, passes under the Kirkby and Ormskirk branches of the Merseyrail Northern Line before ending on Switch Island near Aintree. The motorway provides one of the main access routes to Aintree Racecourse.
The M57 was planned to be a complete bypass of Liverpool, meeting each of the main roads out of the city. As is normal in the United Kingdom, the M57 was to be built in stages. The first two opened were:
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M58 motorway
The M58 is a motorway passing through Merseyside and Lancashire, terminating in Greater Manchester, England. It is 12 miles (19 km) long and provides a link between the M6 motorway and the area north of Liverpool.
Apart from the approaches to its terminal roundabouts, the motorway is three lanes throughout. It starts at Switch Island in Merseyside and passes directly underneath the Merseyrail Northern Line. before striking out across open countryside and into Lancashire south of Maghull and Bickerstaffe. It then curves south westerly south of Skelmersdale before reaching the M6 at Orrell in the Metropolitan Borough of Wigan, Greater Manchester.
Since 1949 an upgrade of the Wigan to Ormskirk route had been proposed to improve traffic flows, yet with the decision in 1961 to develop Skelmersdale as a new town, the proposals were revised to provide a link to the M6 at one end and Liverpool at the other.
The first part of the road was opened in March 1968 as the Skelmersdale Regional Road between what is now junctions 4 & 5. It was originally a two lane single carriageway road that was upgraded to 2 lane plus with hard shoulders in 1973.
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M60 motorway
Coordinates: 53°24′32″N 2°10′28″W / 53.40902°N 2.174349°W / 53.40902; -2.174349
The M60 motorway, Manchester Ring Motorway, or Manchester Orbital, is an orbital motorway circling Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. It passes through all Greater Manchester's metropolitan boroughs except for Wigan and Bolton. Most of the City of Manchester is encompassed within the motorway, except for the southern-most part of the city (primarily the Wythenshawe area and Manchester Airport). The road forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 and E22.
The M60 is 36.1 miles long and was renamed the M60 in 2000, with the M62 and M63 being amalgamated into the new route. During 2008, the M60 was proposed as a cordon for congestion charging in Greater Manchester, although this was rejected in a referendum relating to the Greater Manchester Transport Innovation Fund. The M60 the only orbital motorway in the United Kingdom, as the M25 motorway in London is not, due to the Dartford Crossing being designated the A282.
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M602 motorway
The M602 motorway is a relatively short motorway, leading traffic into Manchester and Salford by-passing the suburban town of Eccles.
The motorway itself was meant to be a part of a bigger scheme, the South Lancashire Motorway. To be designated M52, the route would link Liverpool and Manchester, and would be built to provide links to the growing UK motorway network.
However, at the same time, the M62 was being extended north and east of Worsley, around the north of Manchester, and on to Yorkshire, to form part of the Trans-Pennine Motorway route. This would be an upgraded version to the original plan of the East Lancashire Road, the A580, but would link onto the existing route at Worsley. It was decided that the Trans-Pennine Motorway be extended to Liverpool too, to provide a cross-country trunk route. The M62 was re-coursed to run via the route of the M52 between Worsley and Liverpool. This would leave a short stump of motorway between the M62 and Salford - this was first renumbered M64 then M602, whilst the southern end of the M62 between Worsley and Stretford became the M63.
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M61 motorway
The M61 motorway is a motorway in North West England. It runs from the M60 motorway northwest of Manchester and heads northwest past Bolton and Chorley to join the M6 just north of the junction between the M6 and M65 motorways to the south of Preston.
Perhaps the most distinguishing section of the M61 is to be found at the southern end at the Worsley Braided Interchange between junctions 1 and 3. This stretch of the road on the approach to the terminus with the M60 ring road is a collection of sliproads and overpass tunnels providing free-flowing access to and from the following:
This complicated junction earns a place in the Guinness Book of World Records for having the most traffic lanes side by side (17), spread across several parallel carriageways at Linnyshaw. The Google Maps location of this incidence is [1]
The M61 has one service station: Rivington services (formerly Bolton West services), located between Junctions 6 and 8 (as Junction 7 was never built). This motorway service area was used in the filming of The Services, a pilot episode for the Farnworth-born comedian Peter Kay series That Peter Kay Thing, a spoof documentary of a day in the life of the services staff.
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M62 motorway
The M62 motorway is a west–east trans-Pennine motorway in Northern England, connecting Liverpool and Hull via Manchester and Leeds. The road also forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 (Shannon to Saint Petersburg) and E22 (Holyhead to Ishim). The road is 107 miles (172 km) long; for 7 miles (11 km), it shares its route with the M60 motorway around Manchester. The motorway, which was first proposed in the 1930s, and originally conceived as two separate routes, was built in stages between 1971 and 1976, with construction beginning at Pole Moor and finishing in Tarbock on the outskirts of Liverpool. The motorway also absorbed the northern end of the Stretford-Eccles bypass, which was built between 1957 and 1960. Adjusted for inflation to 2007, the motorway cost approximately £765 million to build. The motorway is relatively busy, with an average daily traffic flow of 100,000 cars in Yorkshire, and has several areas prone to gridlock, in particular, between Leeds and Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.
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M621 motorway
The M621 motorway is a short loop of motorway in England that takes traffic into central Leeds between the M1 and M62 motorways.
The first section of the M621 to open, known at the time as the 'South West Urban Motorway', extends from the M62 to Junction 3 in central Leeds where it used to terminate at a roundabout which was also the terminus of the M1 motorway. This section opened in stages, from the M62 to Junction 1 in 1971, and from Junction 1 to Junction 3 in 1973.
When the M1 was diverted away from Leeds when the 'M1 - A1 Lofthouse to Bramham' extension opened in 1999 adjustments were made to Junction 3 and the Leeds section of the M1 was re-designated as M621 (Junctions 3-7).
Coordinates: 53°46′42″N 1°34′36″W / 53.7783°N 1.5768°W / 53.7783; -1.5768 (M621, approximate mid-point)
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M64 motorway
The United Kingdom's M64 motorway was planned during the 1970s to link the M6 at Stoke-on-Trent with the M1 near Castle Donington, by way of Uttoxeter and Derby.
Its purpose would have been to allow traffic travelling from the south-east to the north-west to avoid the busy M6 around Birmingham. It was cancelled in 1976.
The A50 was built during the 1990s instead, following roughly the same route.
Meanwhile the traffic congestion north of Birmingham was relieved by the M6 toll motorway.
Coordinates: 52°53′49″N 1°47′16″W / 52.89701°N 1.78764°W / 52.89701; -1.78764
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M65 motorway
The M65 is a motorway in Lancashire, England. It runs from just south of Preston through the major junction of the M6 and M61 motorways, east past Darwen, Blackburn, Accrington, Burnley, Nelson and ends at Colne.
The M65 was opened in the following sections:
The first section of the motorway was opened in 1981, connecting Burnley to Brierfield. Over the years, several extensions were made, the largest being the link from Whitebirk to the M6 and M61 motorways in 1997. This extension was the scene of a standoff between construction security workers and protesters (often known as 'eco-warriors').
Junctions 1a to 6 were opened 18 December 1997 by Jack Straw, Home Secretary and Member of Parliament for Blackburn. The opening ceremony took place on the westbound carriageway beneath junction 5 at Guide with a heavy police presence as protesters threatened to bring a halt to the proceedings.
Much of the 1997 extension was relaid shortly after it opened with a new, quieter tarmac because the amount of road noise had been so great that it prevented birds of prey (mainly owls) from foraging effectively.
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M66 motorway
The M66 is a motorway in Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England. It is 8 miles (13 km) long and provides part of the route between the M62 and M60 motorways and the M65, with the rest being provided by the A56.
The M66 starts at the Simister Island, and heads north as a continuation of the M60 as a 3 lane dual carriageway. It passes the eastern edge of Whitefield, through junction 3, goes underneath the East Lancashire Railway and enters the suburbs of Bury. It reduces to 2 lanes at junction 2 and then climbs onto an elevated section, passing through a post war housing estate. At the end of the elevated road a third climbing lane is added to the summit of the hill. The road then runs to the east of Ramsbottom and the East Lancashire Railway and ends near Edenfield.
In 1949 a report, the Road Plan for Lancashire, proposed the construction of Route 9 which would link north east Manchester with Burnley and Blackburn via Route 8. Originally planned to be an all purpose road. the route was redesignated as a motorway prior to construction. The first section (the so called Middleton Link) was opened in 1971. Construction then began on the southern section of the Bury bypass (Junctions 4 to 3) in February 1973 with this opening in August 1975. Immediately after construction began on the northern section (junctions 3 to terminus) with this opening in 1978.
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M67 motorway
The M67 is a 5-mile (8.0 km) urban motorway in Greater Manchester, England which heads east from the M60 motorway passing through Denton and Hyde before ending near Mottram. It was originally conceived as the first part of a trans-Pennine motorway between Manchester and Sheffield connecting the A57(M) motorway to the M1 motorway. Plans for a £180m improvement to the route by bypassing Mottram and Tintwistle, the A57/A628 Mottram in Longdendale, Hollingworth and Tintwistle Bypass, and the 'Glossop spur' linking to the A57 road are currently at the public inquiry stage but were 'suspended indefinitely' in January 2008.
The M67 heads east from the M60 motorway, passing through Denton and Hyde before ending near Mottram. From the end of the motorway traffic can either follow the A628 road or the A57 road further east to the M1 motorway and Sheffield.
Before the motorway reaches its eastern terminal at Hattersley/Mottram roundabout (where traffic continues along the A57 into Longdendale), there are the stub 'ski ramps' where the motorway would have continued eastwards, as there are at the western end.
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M69 motorway
The M69 is a lightly used 15.7-mile (25.3 km) dual three lane dual carriageway motorway in Leicestershire and Warwickshire, England connecting Leicester and Coventry. It opened in 1977.
The motorway, also known at the time as the 'Coventry – Leicester Motorway' was completed in 1977 following a public inquiry in 1972. It replaced the A46 road, which was subsequently downgraded.
Starting at the northeastern suburbs of Coventry at junction 2 of the M6, the motorway crosses the Coventry Canal and then continues northeast past Bulkington and west of Wolvey before turning more easterly to run south of Hinckley. It then crosses the Birmingham to Peterborough railway line before ending on the southwestern edge of Leicester.
The motorway has no services.
There is an aspiration to construct a new slip road and road bridge for traffic travelling southbound on the M1 south to join the M69. The M1 would also be widened to dual 4 lane or dual 5 lane between junctions 21 and 21a.
Since the completion of the M69 motorway linking Coventry and Leicester, the motorway's number has given its name to the derby between the two football clubs playing in each city - Coventry City and Leicester City. These two clubs are rivals in the M69 derby.
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M73 motorway
The M73 is a motorway in Glasgow and North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is 7 miles (11 km) long and connects the M74 motorway with the M80 motorway, providing an eastern bypass for Glasgow. The short stretch between Junctions 1 and 2 is part of unsigned international E-road network E05, where it continues along the M8 through Glasgow. To the south, the M74 motorway is also part of the E05.
Starting at the M74 junction 4 (M73 junction 1) by the River Clyde, it proceeds north with Birkenshaw to the east and crosses the Whifflet railway line before meeting the M8 and A8 at a three-level interchange, west of Swinton. Immediately afterwards the North Clyde railway line and then passes alongside Woodend Loch before reaching junction 2A at Gartcosh. There is then a further 2 miles (3.2 km) of motorway, before traffic exits onto the M80 westbound.
The road is a dual 3 lane road between junctions 1 and 2, and a dual 2 lane road between junctions 2 and 3. It is subject to the national speed limit.
Construction began in 1969 with the motorway opening between May 1971 and April 1972. Junction 2A was added at a later date.
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M80 motorway
The M80 is a motorway in central Scotland, running through Glasgow, North Lanarkshire, Falkirk and Stirling and links the M8, the M73 and M9 motorways. Following completion in 2011, this road is 25 miles (40 km) long. From 1992 - 2011, the road was in two sections; the southern section, Glasgow to Stepps and the northern section Haggs to Stirling. A connecting Stepps to Haggs section was completed in September 2011. The new section partially opened in February 2011 when the Moodiesburn bypass opened to traffic, extending the southern section to Mollinsburn. The A80 between Mollinsburn and Auchenkilns was widened to three-lane carriageway in each direction, and the section from Auchenkilns to Haggs remains 2 lane, now with hard shoulders.
The M80 was constructed in 3 stages: M8 to Stepps (opened 1992), Stepps to Haggs (opened 2011), and Haggs to the Pirnhall (opened 1974).
This section of road was originally envisioned during the M8's construction in the 1960s, but was not realised until 1992), also known as the 'Stepps Bypass' begins at M8 Junction 13 in the Glasgow suburb of Blochairn. It runs to the north of Stepps, under the Cumbernauld Railway Line with exits for Bishopbriggs, Lenzie and Kirkintilloch, where it continues onto the new section, completed in 2011.
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M876 motorway
The M876 motorway is a motorway in Scotland. The motorway runs from Denny to Airth in the Falkirk council area, forming an approach road to the Kincardine Bridge. It was opened in 1980.
The road is 8 miles (13 km) long. It begins by turning off the M80 and bypasses Falkirk and Stenhousemuir. It is one of only three motorways in the UK which form a concurrency with another motorway, the M9 which it then leaves again and continues for 1 mile (1.6 km) before becoming the A876.
The original Kincardine Bridge was supplemented in 2008 by a second bridge, (the Clackmannanshire Bridge) for traffic towards Alloa. As part of the works, the terminal roundabout Bowtrees Roundabout was replaced with a grade separated junction, and the A876 beyond the junction has been upgraded to dual carriageway standard .
Coordinates: 56°02′17″N 3°49′55″W / 56.038°N 3.832°W / 56.038; -3.832
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M898 motorway
The M898 motorway is a 1⁄2-mile (0.80 km) motorway in Renfrewshire, Scotland. It is a spur route from the M8 motorway towards the Erskine Bridge. It is the highest numbered motorway in the United Kingdom, and one of the shortest. It lacks hard shoulders along its length. Its northern terminus comes at the junction with the A726 road, the former location of the toll booths for the Erskine Bridge, which were removed on 1 April 2006.
Coordinates: 55°54′14″N 4°28′35″W / 55.9040°N 4.4764°W / 55.9040; -4.4764
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M90 motorway
The M90 is a motorway in Scotland. It runs from Inverkeithing, at the north end of the Forth Road Bridge, to Perth, passing Dunfermline, Cowdenbeath and Kinross on the way. It is the most northerly motorway in the United Kingdom; the northernmost point being a spur into the western suburbs of Perth at Broxden.
The M90's most substantial engineering feature is the Friarton Bridge in Perth, a tall concrete pillared structure which traverses the River Tay. The bridge carries eastbound traffic from Broxden towards Dundee and along the Firth of Tay.
The road constitutes most of the southerly part of the A90 corridor from Edinburgh, through Perth, Dundee and Aberdeen to Peterhead along Scotland's North Sea coast.
The M90 is considered one of the UK's most sub-standard motorways of significant distance. Junctions 1 and 2 share a tiny common sliproad, forcing a conflict between entering and leaving traffic at the junction with the A823(M). It lacks hard shoulders for an 8-mile (13 km) section. In this section there are emergency lay-bys at 1⁄4-mile (400 m) intervals instead. The M90 also has one of the tightest corners on the UK motorway network, for which some traffic is forced to slow down. The corner cuts through the northern side of the Ochil Hills and has a curve radius of 694.5 m (a minimum of 914 m was standard practice at the time of construction). This corner also coincides with one of the steepest sections of the motorway, for which north-bound heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) are sign-posted to stay in a low gear and often brake continuously through the turn. South-bound HGVs are normally substantially reduced in speed as they make the incline.
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Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′N 2°14′W / 53.467°N 2.233°W / 53.467; -2.233
Manchesteri/ˈmæntʃɛstər/ is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England with an estimated population of 498,800 in 2010. Manchester lies within one of the United Kingdom's largest urban areas; the Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2.2 million. The demonym of Manchester is Mancunian and the local authority is Manchester City Council.
Manchester is situated in the south-central part of North West England, fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south and the Pennines to the north and east. The recorded history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort of Mamucium, which was established in c. 79 AD on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Historically, most of the city was a part of Lancashire, although areas south of the River Mersey were in Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a manorial township, but it began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city. An early 19th-century factory building boom transformed Manchester from a township into a major mill town and borough that was granted city status in 1853. In 1894 the Manchester Ship Canal was built, creating the Port of Manchester.
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Manchester Airport
Manchester Airport (IATA: MAN, ICAO: EGCC), is an international airport at Ringway, Manchester, England. In 2011 it was third busiest airport in the United Kingdom in terms of passenger numbers, and the 23rd busiest airport in Europe. Manchester Airport is the largest outside the London region with over double the passengers of its nearest non-London rival, Edinburgh Airport.
The terminals are 7.5 NM (13.9 km; 8.6 mi) south of Manchester city centre. It officially opened on 25 June 1938 and was initially known as Ringway Airport. During World War II, it was called RAF Ringway and from 1975 until 1986 Manchester International Airport. The airport is owned and managed by the Manchester Airports Group (MAG), a holding company owned by the ten metropolitan borough councils of Greater Manchester, with Manchester City Council owning the largest stake. A Category 10 airport, the airport comprises three terminals, a goods terminal and a railway station. It is the only British airport other than London Heathrow to have two runways over 3,000 metres in length.
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Markham Moor
Coordinates: 53°15′N 0°55′W / 53.25°N 0.92°W / 53.25; -0.92
Markham Moor is a village which lies five miles south of the town of Retford in the county of Nottinghamshire. Markham Moor lies on the junction between the A1, A638 and A57 roads. The village was on the route of the old Great North Road and was also traditionally part of the East Markham parish.
Markham Moor has a junction in the middle of the village which links the A1 between London and Edinburgh, the A638 to Retford and the A57 to Lincoln. Previously, this junction was a simple roundabout, but as part of junction improvements by the Highways Agency between Blyth in Nottinghamshire and Peterborough, the junction changed to the current two level junction, with one roundabout at the north end for the A57 and A638, and another roundabout on the south side for the B1164 Great North Road to Tuxford. Both roundabouts are connected by a flyover.
A public inquiry was launched into the improvements in 2006 after a number of objections, the majority from the nearby village of Elkesley. The objectors were concerned with the timing of the improvements and increased traffic flow on the A1 which bypasses Elkesley.
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Merseyside
Merseyside ( /ˈmɜrzisaɪd/) is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 1,365,900. It encompasses the metropolitan area centred on both banks of the lower reaches of the Mersey Estuary, and comprises five metropolitan boroughs: Knowsley, St Helens, Sefton, Wirral, and the city of Liverpool. Merseyside, which was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972, takes its name from the River Mersey.
Merseyside spans 249 square miles (645 km2) of land which border Lancashire (to the north-east), Greater Manchester (to the east), and Cheshire (to the south and south-west); the Irish Sea is to the west. North Wales is across the Dee Estuary. There is a mix of high density urban areas, suburbs, semi-rural and rural locations in Merseyside, but overwhelmingly the land use is urban. It has a focused central business district, formed by Liverpool City Centre, but Merseyside is also a polycentric county with five metropolitan districts, each of which has at least one major town centre and outlying suburbs. The Liverpool Urban Area is the seventh most populous conurbation in the UK, and dominates the geographic centre of the county, while the smaller Birkenhead Urban Area dominates the Wirral Peninsula in the south.
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Milnrow
Coordinates: 53°36′36″N 2°06′40″W / 53.6101°N 2.1111°W / 53.6101; -2.1111
Milnrow (pop. 12,500) is a suburban town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Beal at the foothills of the South Pennines, and forms a continuous urban area with Rochdale. It is 1.9 miles (3.1 km) east of Rochdale's town centre, 10.4 miles (16.7 km) north-northeast of the city of Manchester, and spans across urban, suburban and rural locations—from Windy Hill in the east through to the Rochdale Canal in the west. Milnrow includes the villages of Tunshill and Newhey, and is adjacent to junction 21 of the M62 motorway.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Milnrow during the Middle Ages was a hamlet located within the township of Butterworth and parish of Rochdale. It was named by the Anglo-Saxons, but the Norman conquest of England resulted in its ownership by minor Norman families, such as the Schofields and Cleggs. In the 15th century, the descendants of these families successfully agitated for a chapel of ease to be constructed in Milnrow by the banks of the River Beal, triggering its development as the main settlement in Butterworth. Despite this distinction, Milnrow did not increase much further in size or population until the dawn of the woollen trade in the Late Middle Ages.
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Mirfield
Coordinates: 53°40′51″N 1°41′20″W / 53.6807°N 1.6888°W / 53.6807; -1.6888
Mirfield is a small town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England. It is located on the A644 road between Brighouse and Dewsbury. In the 2001 census it was recorded as having a total resident population of 18,621.
The town is served by Mirfield railway station.
From 1894 to 1974, Mirfield formed an urban district in the West Riding of Yorkshire until it was merged into the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees. In 1988 a Parish council was formed and became one of five in Kirklees, the others being:- Denby Dale, Meltham, Kirkburton and Holme Valley. As a Parish council an additional tax precept to the Kirklees MBC tax is levied on the towns residents for projects within the town. Mirfield has a town council, made up of 16 volunteer councillors who serve for a fixed four year term, and represent ward members within the parish. The members elect their own Town Council Mayor, who serves for a fixed one year term.
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New Statesman
New Statesman is a British left-wingpolitical and cultural magazine published weekly in London. Founded in 1913, and connected with leading members of the socialist Fabian Society, the magazine reached a circulation peak in the late 1960s.
The longest serving editor was Kingsley Martin (1930–60). The current editor is Jason Cowley, who assumed the post at the end of September 2008. In the 29 May 2006 issue, then-editor John Kampfner stated that the New Statesman remained "true to its heritage of radical politics". The magazine is committed to "development, human rights and the environment, global issues the mainstream press often ignores".
Historically, the magazine was sometimes affectionately referred to as "The Staggers" because of crises in funding, ownership and circulation. The nickname is now used as the title of its rolling politics blog. Its current writers and columnists include Mehdi Hasan, Will Self, David Blanchflower, John Gray and Richard Mabey. The New Statesman had a certified average circulation of 23,909 in 2011, 17,471 of which were paid copies. Traffic to the magazine's relaunched website recently reached a record high. In the first quarter of 2012, monthly unique visitors to newstatesman.com exceeded 800,000, an increase of 231 per cent since the fourth quarter of 2009, when the site was previously relaunched.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Coordinates: 54°58.440′N 1°36.792′W / 54.974°N 1.6132°W / 54.974; -1.6132
Newcastle upon Tyne (locallyi/njuːˈkæsəl/; often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, in North East England. Historically a part of Northumberland, it is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne. The city developed in the area that was the location of the Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, though it owes its name to the castle built in 1080, by Robert II, Duke of Normandy, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. The city grew as an important centre for the wool trade and it later became a major coal mining area. The port developed in the 16th century and, along with the shipyards lower down the river, was amongst the world's largest shipbuilding and ship-repairing centres. These industries have since experienced severe decline and closure, and the city today is largely a business and cultural centre, with a particular reputation for nightlife.
Like most cities, Newcastle has a diverse cross section, from areas of poverty to areas of affluence. Among its main icons are Newcastle Brown Ale, a leading brand of beer, Newcastle United F.C., a Premier League team, and the Tyne Bridge. It has hosted the world's most popular half marathon, the Great North Run, since it began in 1981.
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Newton-le-Willows
Coordinates: 53°27′00″N 2°37′59″W / 53.450°N 2.633°W / 53.450; -2.633
Newton-le-Willows is a small market town within the Metropolitan Borough of St Helens, in Merseyside, England. Historically a part of Lancashire, it is situated about midway (about 15 miles from each) between the cities of Manchester and Liverpool, 4 miles (6.4 km) to the east of St Helens, 5 miles (8.0 km) to the north of Warrington and 7 miles (11.3 km) to the south of Wigan.
Newton stands in the centre of the large Greater Manchester and Merseyside conurbation. The place was mentioned in the Domesday Book and remained an agricultural village, albeit with borough status, until the arrival of the railways in 1830. There was some industry, as there are five cotton spinners recorded in an 1825 directory. However, it was the coming of the railways that transformed a small village into the world's first "railway town", although places such as Crewe, Derby and Swindon soon overtook Newton in size and importance. The town also developed into a major coal mining area, being on the South Lancashire Coalfield.
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North Yorkshire
North Yorkshire is a county in England. It is a non-metropolitan or shire county located in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England, and a ceremonial county primarily in that region but partly in North East England. Created in 1974 by the Local Government Act 1972 it covers an area of 8,654 square kilometres (3,341 sq mi), making it the largest ceremonial county in England. The majority of the Yorkshire Dales and all of the North York Moors lie within North Yorkshire's boundaries, and around 40% of the county is covered by National Parks. The county town is Northallerton.
The area under the control of the county council, or shire county, is divided into a number of local government districts; they are Craven, Hambleton, Harrogate, Richmondshire, Ryedale, Scarborough and Selby.
The Department for Communities and Local Government did consider reorganising North Yorkshire County Council's administrative structure by abolishing the seven district councils and the county council to create a North Yorkshire unitary authority. The changes were planned to be implemented no later than 1 April 2009. This was rejected on 25 July 2007 so the County Council and District Council structure will remain.
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Northenden
Coordinates: 53°24′27″N 2°15′30″W / 53.4075°N 2.258333°W / 53.4075; -2.258333
Northenden is a suburban area and electoral ward of the city of Manchester in North West England. It lies on the south side of both the River Mersey and the M60 motorway, 4.2 miles (6.8 km) west of Stockport and 5.2 miles (8.4 km) south of Manchester city centre. Northenden is bounded by the districts of Didsbury, Gatley and Wythenshawe on the north, east and southwest respectively. Northenden is within the postal area code and electoral boundaries of the Wythenshawe district.
Anciently a part of Cheshire, Northenden was formerly a rural township and parish within the hundred of Bucklow. Despite a process of unplanned urbanisation and population growth in its neighbours during the 19th century, Northenden remained a comparatively rural and unpopulated area which spanned the hamlets of Lawton Moor, Northern Moor, Rose Hill and a part of what is now Wythenshawe. By 1866 Northenden had coalesced and became a civil parish. The industrialisation of neighbouring Manchester resulted in overpopulation, and so in the early 20th century Manchester City Council used the Local Government Act 1929 to extend its boundaries to encompass Northenden in 1931.
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Northern England
Northern England, also known as the North of England, the North or the North Country, is a cultural region of England. It is not an official government region, but rather an informal amalgamation of counties. The southern extent of the region is roughly the River Trent, while the North is bordered by Scotland.
Northern England comprises three regions of England - the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. The counties of Northern England combined have a population of around 14.5 million covering an area of 37,331 km2 (14,414 sq mi).
During antiquity most of the area was part of Brigantia — homeland of the Brigantes and the largest Brythonic kingdom of Great Britain. After the Roman conquest of Britain the city of York became capital of the area, called Britannia Inferior then Britannia Secunda. In Sub-Roman Britain new Brythonic kingdoms of the Hen Ogledd emerged. The Angle settlers created Bernicia and Deira from which came Northumbria and a Golden Age in cultural, scholarly and monastic activity, centred around Lindisfarne and aided by Irish monks.Norse and Gaelic Viking raiders gained control of much of the area, creating the Danelaw. During this time there were close relations with Mann and the Isles, Dublin and Norway. Northumbria was unified with the rest of England under Eadred around 952.
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Outlane
Coordinates: 53°39′28″N 1°52′21″W / 53.657812°N 1.872496°W / 53.657812; -1.872496
Outlane is a village near Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, England with a population of 710 according to the 2001 census. It is situated 3.7 miles (6.0 km) north-west of the Huddersfield town centre
It is situated next to the M62 Motorway (near junction 23) and it is very close to the Calderdale and Kirklees district boundary. The A640 road New Hey Road runs through the village.
Outlane's cricket club objected to the building of the motorway in the 1960s as it would go through their ground. However the Ministry Of Transport turned it down.
Outlane has a golf course that also borders the motorway.
Outlane is also the location of a Roman fort, also known as Slack, Roman name possibly Cambodunum
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Pennine Way
Coordinates: 53°22′14″N 1°49′00″W / 53.3706°N 1.8168°W / 53.3706; -1.8168
The Pennine Way is a National Trail in England. The trail runs 429 km (267 mi) from Edale, in the northern Derbyshire Peak District, north through the Yorkshire Dales and the Northumberland National Park and ends at Kirk Yetholm, just inside the Scottish border. The path runs along the Pennine hills, sometimes described as the "backbone of England". Although not the United Kingdom's longest National Trail (this distinction belongs to the 1,014 km (630 mi) long South West Coast Path), it is according to the Ramblers' Association "one of Britain's best known and toughest".
The path was the idea of the journalist and rambler Tom Stephenson, inspired by similar trails in the United States of America, particularly the Appalachian Trail. Stephenson proposed the concept in an article for the Daily Herald in 1935, and later lobbied Parliament for the creation of an official trail. The walk was originally planned to end at Wooler but eventually it was decided that Kirk Yetholm would be the finishing point. The final section of the path was declared open in a ceremony held on Malham Moor on 24 April 1965.
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Pontefract
Coordinates: 53°41′17″N 1°18′36″W / 53.688°N 1.310°W / 53.688; -1.310
Pontefract is a historic market town in West Yorkshire, England, traditionally in the West Riding, near the A1 (or Great North Road), the M62 motorway and Castleford. It is one of the five towns in the metropolitan borough of the City of Wakefield and has a population of 28,250. Pontefract's motto is Post mortem patris pro filio, Latin for "After the death of the father, support the son", a reference to English Civil War Royalist sympathies.
"Pontefract" originates from the Latin for "broken bridge", formed of the elements pons ('bridge') and fractus ('broken'). Pontefract was not recorded in the Domesday Book, but was noted as Pontefracto in 1090, four years after the Domesday survey. There is a theory that the bridge alluded to was one which crossed Wash Dike, a small stream on the north-eastern edge of Pontefract, running alongside what is now Bondgate (the modern-day A645). It would have been important in the town's early days, providing access between Pontefract and other settlements to the north and east, such as York.
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Prescot
Coordinates: 53°25′19″N 2°48′50″W / 53.4220°N 2.8140°W / 53.4220; -2.8140
Prescot is a town and civil parish, within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in Merseyside, England. It is 8 miles to the east of Liverpool city centre and lies within the historic boundaries of Lancashire. At the 2001 Census, the population was 11,184 (5,265 males, 5,919 females). Prescot marks the beginning of the A58 road which runs through to Wetherby, West Yorkshire. The town is served by Prescot railway station and Eccleston Park railway station.
Prescot's name is believed to be derived from the Anglo-Saxon prēost "priest" + cot "cot", meaning a cottage or small house owned or inhabited by a priest, a "priest-cottage". (ME prest, preste, priest, OE prēost, LL presbyter, Gk πρεσβύτερος presbýteros "elder, priest").
In the 14th century, William Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre, obtained a charter for the holding of a three-day market and moveable fair at Prescot, to begin on the Wednesday following Corpus Christi.
From about 1593, into the early years of the 17th century, Prescot was home to the Prescot Playhouse, a purpose-built Shakespearean theatre.
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Preston, Lancashire
Coordinates: 53°45′32″N 2°41′56″W / 53.759°N 2.699°W / 53.759; -2.699
Prestoni/ˈprɛstən/ is a city and the administrative centre of Lancashire, England, located on the north bank of the River Ribble. It is an urban settlement and unparished area that, when combined with its surrounding suburban and rural hinterland, forms part of the City of Preston local government district of Lancashire. It obtained city status in 2002, becoming England's 50th city in the 50th year of Queen Elizabeth II's reign. The settlement, or unparished area, of Preston has a population of 114,300, and the whole City of Preston district has a population of 132,000.
Preston and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient Roman activity in the area, largely in the form of a Roman road which led to a camp at Walton-le-Dale. The Angles established Preston; the name Preston is derived from Old English words meaning "Priest settlement" and in the Domesday Book appears as "Prestune". During the Middle Ages, Preston formed a parish and township in the hundred of Amounderness and was granted a Guild Merchant charter in 1179, giving it the status of a market town. Textiles have been produced in Preston since the middle of the 13th century, when locally produced wool was woven in people's houses. Flemish weavers who settled in the area during the 14th century helped to develop the industry. Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the spinning frame, was born in Preston. The most rapid period of growth and development in Preston's history coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing. Preston was a boomtown of the Industrial Revolution, becoming a densely populated engineering centre, with large industrial plants.
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Retford
Coordinates: 53°19′01″N 0°56′27″W / 53.3169°N 0.9408°W / 53.3169; -0.9408
Retford (also known as East Retford) is a market town in Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands of England, located 31 miles from the city of Nottingham, and 23 miles west of Lincoln, in the district of Bassetlaw. The town is situated in a valley with the River Idle and the Chesterfield Canal running through the centre of the town. The village of Ordsall is a suburb of the town, divided from Retford by the River Idle and the East Coast Main Line railway. Retford is under the control of Bassetlaw District Council, with their base being located in neighbouring Worksop. Retford is twinned with the town of Pfungstadt, Germany.
Retford gained its first charter in 1246, when Henry III granted the right for a fair, this was later extended to holding a Saturday Market by Edward I in 1275. It was reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, and then remained a municipal borough until 1974 when it was merged into Bassetlaw district. Its civic traditions are maintained by Charter Trustees.
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Ripponden
Coordinates: 53°40′19″N 1°56′46″W / 53.672°N 1.946°W / 53.672; -1.946
Ripponden is a village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, near Halifax, on the River Ryburn. It is the site of a Roman settlement, and there is a Roman Road over nearby Blackstone Edge, a rocky ridge of Millstone Grit. It has a population of 6,412.
Ripponden is the main settlement in a small group of villages; Barkisland, Ripponden, Rishworth and Soyland. The citizens of Ripponden are represented on Ripponden Parish Council. The area is a substantial part of the Ryburn Ward, itself part of Calderdale metropolitan borough.
Ripponden and its villages were formerly served by the Rishworth branch line from Sowerby Bridge; Ripponden and Barkisland railway station closed to passengers in 1929 and the line was closed completely in 1958.
The area is of archaeological note for the Roman road at Blackstone Edge alone and is also rich in neolithic and bronze age remains. At nearby Ringstone Edge can be found a small stone circle and neolithic settlement. Upon Rishworth Moor, an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and home to many rare animals, can be found the Cat Stones, a series of ancient round barrow burial sites.
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Runcorn
Coordinates: 53°19′41″N 2°42′43″W / 53.328°N 2.712°W / 53.328; -2.712
Runcorn is an industrial town and cargo port within the borough of Halton in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England. In 2010, its population was estimated to be 61,000. The town is on the southern bank of the River Mersey where the estuary narrows to form Runcorn Gap. Directly to the north across the Mersey is the town of Widnes. Upstream and 8 miles (12.9 km) to the northeast is the town of Warrington and downstream 16 miles (26 km) to the west is the city of Liverpool.
Runcorn railway station is on a branch of the West Coast Main Line. It provides frequent services to London (Euston), Liverpool and Birmingham. The A533 road passes through the town from the south, crossing the Runcorn Gap over the Silver Jubilee Bridge, the lowest bridge crossing of the River Mersey. The Manchester Ship Canal runs between the town and the River Mersey and the Bridgewater Canal passes through and ends in the town at its junction with the Manchester Ship Canal.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (Russian: Санкт-Петербург, tr. Sankt-Peterburg; IPA: [sankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk] (
listen)) is a city and a federal subject (a federal city) of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. In 1914 the name of the city was changed to Petrograd (Russian: Петроград; IPA: [pʲɪtrɐˈgrat]), in 1924 to Leningrad (Russian: Ленинград; IPA: [lʲɪnʲɪnˈgrat]) and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg.
In Russian literature, informal documents, and discourse, the "Saint" (Санкт-) is usually omitted, leaving Petersburg (Петербург, Peterburg). In common parlance Russians may drop "-burg" (-бург) as well, leaving only Peter (Питер, Russian: [ˈpʲitʲɪr]).
Saint Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27 [O.S. 16] 1703. From 1713 to 1728 and from 1732 to 1918, Saint Petersburg was the Imperial capital of Russia. In 1918 the central government bodies moved from Saint Petersburg (then named Petrograd) to Moscow. It is Russia's second largest city after Moscow with almost 5 million inhabitants. Saint Petersburg is a major European cultural center, and also an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea.
wn.com/Saint_Petersburg -
Scammonden
Coordinates: 53°38′49″N 1°54′43″W / 53.647°N 1.912°W / 53.647; -1.912
Scammonden was a village close to Huddersfield, in the Colne Valley, England, before it was flooded in the 1960s to create the Scammonden Reservoir. The M62 motorway crosses the dam wall and then passes through a cutting to the west over which Scammonden Bridge carries a B-road. The Chapel of St Barthelomew still exists, as does the old vicarage, now a boat club.
Media related to Scammonden at Wikimedia Commons
wn.com/Scammonden -
Selby
Coordinates: 53°46′54″N 1°04′13″W / 53.781789°N 1.070309°W / 53.781789; -1.070309
Selby is a town and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England. Situated 12 miles (19.3 km) south of the city of York, along the course of the River Ouse, Selby is the largest and, with a population of 13,012, most populous settlement of the wider Selby local government district.
Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, much of the wealth of the town was facilitated via Selby's position upon the banks of the River Ouse. In the past, Selby had a large shipbuilding industry and was an important port, for the most part due to the Selby Canal which brought trade from the city of Leeds.
The town’s origins date from the establishment of a Viking settlement on the banks of the River Ouse. Archaeological investigations in Selby have revealed extensive remains, including waterlogged deposits in the core of the town dating from the Roman period onwards. It is believed that Selby originated as a settlement called Seletun which was referred to in the Anglo Saxon Chronicle of AD 779.
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Shaw and Crompton
Coordinates: 53°34′37″N 2°05′31″W / 53.577°N 2.092°W / 53.577; -2.092
Shaw and Crompton is a town and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Beal at the foothills of the South Pennines, 2.3 miles (3.7 km) north of Oldham, 3.6 miles (5.8 km) southeast of Rochdale, and 8.7 miles (14 km) to the northeast of the city of Manchester. It is regularly referred to as Shaw.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Crompton (as it was originally known) and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient British and Anglian activity in the area. During the Middle Ages, Crompton formed a small township of scattered woods, farmsteads, moorland, and swamp with a small and close community of families. The local lordship was weak or absent, and so Crompton failed to emerge as a manor with its own lord and court. Farming was the main industry of this broadly independent and self-supporting rural area, with locals supplementing their incomes by hand-loom woollen weaving in the domestic system.
wn.com/Shaw_and_Crompton -
Southport
Coordinates: 53°38′43″N 3°00′30″W / 53.6454°N 3.0083°W / 53.6454; -3.0083
Southport ( /ˈsaʊθpɔrt/) is a seaside town in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton in Merseyside, England. During the 2001 census Southport was recorded as having a population of 90,336, making it the eleventh most populous settlement in North West England. The endonym for people from Southport is "Sandgrounder".
Southport lies on the Irish Sea coast of North West England and is fringed to the north by the Ribble estuary. The town is situated 16.5 miles (26.6 km) to the north of the city of Liverpool and 14.8 miles (23.8 km) southwest of the city of Preston.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the town in its present form was founded in 1792 when a hotel was built at what now is the south end of Lord Street. At that time the area was sparsely populated and was dominated by sand dunes. During the turn of the 19th century the area became popular with tourists due to the easy access from the nearby Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the town quickly grew. The rapid growth of Southport largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution and the Victorian era. Town attractions include Southport Pier with its Southport Pier Tramway, the second longest seaside pleasure pier in the British Isles, and Lord Street, an elegant tree-lined shopping street once home of Napoleon III of France.
wn.com/Southport -
Sowerby Bridge
Coordinates: 53°42′N 1°55′W / 53.70°N 1.91°W / 53.70; -1.91
Sowerby Bridge is a market town that lies within the Upper Calder Valley in the district of Calderdale in the county of West Yorkshire, in northern England.
Sowerby Bridge is situated on the edge of Halifax, about three miles from its centre. It is at the confluence of the River Calder and River Ryburn, and the name Sowerby Bridge references the area's use as a crossing point over the River Calder to the older settlement at Sowerby.
The town had a population of 9,948 at the 2001 Census.
From 1892 to 1930 home of Pollit & Wigzell ltd a prominent manufacturer of quality stationary steam engines used in the cotton and woollen mills of Yorkshire, Lancashire and India.
The Wood Brothers an engineering and millwright company also produced engines from their Valley Iron Works. The Markfield Beam Engine is an example for their work.
There are two high schools in Sowerby Bridge.
The town is served by Sowerby Bridge railway station, which sees a regular service to Manchester, Bradford and Leeds on the Caldervale Line.
wn.com/Sowerby_Bridge -
Stretford
Coordinates: 53°26′48″N 2°18′31″W / 53.4466°N 2.3086°W / 53.4466; -2.3086
Stretford (pop. 37,500) is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Lying on flat ground between the River Mersey and the Manchester Ship Canal, it is 3.8 miles (6.1 km) to the southwest of Manchester city centre, 3.0 miles (4.8 km) south-southwest of Salford and 4.2 miles (6.8 km) northeast of Altrincham. Stretford is contiguous with the suburb of Chorlton-cum-Hardy to the east, and the towns of Urmston to the west, Salford to the north, and Sale to the south. The Bridgewater Canal bisects the town.
Historically a part of Lancashire, during much of the 19th century Stretford was an agricultural village known locally as Porkhampton, a reference to the large number of pigs produced for the nearby Manchester market. It was also an extensive market gardening area, producing more than 500 long tons (508 t) of vegetables each week for sale in Manchester by 1845. The arrival of the Manchester Ship Canal in 1894, and the subsequent development of the Trafford Park Industrial Estate in the north of the town, accelerated the industrialisation that had begun in the late 19th century. By 2001, less than 1% of Stretford's population was employed in agriculture.
wn.com/Stretford -
Tarbock
Coordinates: 53°22′55″N 2°48′13″W / 53.381827°N 2.803641°W / 53.381827; -2.803641
Tarbock is a village and civil parish within the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England. It is situated to the south east of Huyton and to the east of Netherley. The village itself is 6 miles (9.7 km) from Liverpool city centre, 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from Widnes and 2 miles (3.2 km) from Prescot. The M62 motorway junction 6 is in the area and is more familiarly called Tarbock Island. At the 2001 Census, the population of Tarbock was 2,382 (1,146 males, 1,236 females).
The spelling of Tarbock, named after a local brook, has changed more than any other in the West Derby Hundred. The variations have included Tarboc (1086), Turboc (1245), Terbock (1327), Tarbacke (1637) before it settled on its current form in the late seventeenth century.
The Domesday Survey noted that the manor of Tarboc was one of those previously held by the Saxon Thane Dot. The parish along with that of 'Hitune' (Huyton) was granted to Henry II in 1150 before it was given to the Lathom family. Towards the end of the twelfth century the two were split between different branches of the family with Tarbock being assigned to Henry de Lathom. His son Richard was the first to adopt the name 'de Torbock'.
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Tingley
Coordinates: 53°43′41″N 1°35′02″W / 53.728°N 1.584°W / 53.728; -1.584
Tingley is a settlement in West Yorkshire, England, forming part of the parish of West Ardsley and of the City of Leeds metropolitan borough.
It is situated midway between Leeds, Wakefield and Bradford but is considered part of Morley. It has the WF3 (Wakefield) postcode area while the village telephone numbers are "0113", the Leeds prefix.
Tingley was part of the Ardsley Urban district 1894-1937, which also included West Ardsley and East Ardsley and was then part of Morley Municipal borough 1937-1974. The village once formed part of the former Municipal Borough of Morley, and is still classed as part of Morley in the census. However, it is technically separate, and is not governed by Morley Town Council.
Tingley is split into two Leeds City Council wards, one being Morley South and the other Ardsley and Robin Hood, each electing three councillors to Leeds City Council. It is in the Morley and Outwood parliamentary constituency.
wn.com/Tingley -
Wakefield
Coordinates: 53°40′48″N 1°29′31″W / 53.6801°N 1.4920°W / 53.6801; -1.4920
Wakefield is the main settlement and administrative centre of the City of Wakefield, a metropolitan district of West Yorkshire, England. Located by the River Calder, on the eastern edge of the Pennines, the urban area is 2,062 hectares (5,100 acres) and had a population of 76,886 in 2001.
Wakefield was dubbed the "Merrie City" in the Middle Ages and in 1538 John Leland described it as, "a very quick market town and meately large; well served of fish and flesh both from sea and by rivers ... so that all vitaile is very good and chepe there. A right honest man shall fare well for 2d. a meal. ... There be plenti of se coal in the quarters about Wakefield".
The site of a battle during the Wars of the Roses and a Royalist stronghold during the Civil War, Wakefield developed in spite of setbacks to become an important market town and centre for wool, exploiting its position on the navigable River Calder to become an inland port.
wn.com/Wakefield -
Warrington
Warrington is a town, borough and unitary authority area of Cheshire, England. It stands on the banks of the River Mersey, which is tidal to the west of the weir at Howley. It lies 16 miles east of Liverpool, 19 miles west of Manchester and 8 miles south of St Helens. The population of the borough is 198,900. Its population has more than doubled since its designation as a New Town in 1968.
Historically a part of Lancashire, Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons and by the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at a bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.
The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Mainline runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.
wn.com/Warrington -
West Cross Route
The West Cross Route (WCR) is a short, 0.75 miles (1.21 km) dual carriageway section of the A3220 route in central London in The Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, with a small part being shared with borderlining borough Hammersmith and Fulham. It runs north-south between the northern elevated roundabout junction with the western end of the Westway (A40) and the southern Holland Park Roundabout. It opened in 1970, together with the Westway.
The West Cross Route was formerly the M41 motorway. Its status was downgraded to an A-road in 2000 when responsibility for trunk roads in Greater London was transferred from the Highways Agency to the Greater London Authority.
Approximately half-way along the road's length a new junction was built to serve the Westfield London shopping development.
WCR was originally the designation for the western section of Ringway 1, the innermost circuit of the London Ringways network, a complex and comprehensive plan for a network of high-speed roads circling central London designed to manage and control the flow of traffic within the capital. The road would have run from Battersea to Harlesden and would have paralleled the National Rail West London Line as an elevated road.
wn.com/West_Cross_Route -
West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of 2.2 million. West Yorkshire came into existence as a metropolitan county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972.
West Yorkshire, which is landlocked, consists of five metropolitan boroughs (City of Bradford, Calderdale, Kirklees, City of Leeds and City of Wakefield) and shares borders with the counties of Derbyshire (to the south), Greater Manchester (to the south-west), Lancashire (to the north-west), North Yorkshire (to the north and east) and South Yorkshire (to the south-east).
West Yorkshire County Council was abolished in 1986, and so its districts (the metropolitan boroughs) are now effectively unitary authorities. However, the metropolitan county, which covers an area of 2,029 square kilometres (783 sq mi), continues to exist in law, and as a geographic frame of reference.
West Yorkshire encompasses the West Yorkshire Urban Area, which is the most built-up and biggest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Yorkshire.
wn.com/West_Yorkshire -
Westway (London)
The Westway is a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) long elevated dual carriageway section of the A40 route in west London running from Paddington to North Kensington. The road was constructed between 1964 and 1970 to relieve congestion at Shepherd's Bush caused by traffic from Western Avenue struggling to enter central London on roads of insufficient capacity. The Westway opened in July 1970 as the A40(M) motorway but lost motorway status in 2000 when responsibility for trunk roads in Greater London was transferred from the Highways Agency to the Greater London Authority.
At its eastern end, the Westway starts to the west of the Marylebone Flyover (A501), which takes traffic over the junction of Edgware Road (A5) and Marylebone Road (A501). Between the elevated Westway and Flyover, a short (100 m) section of surface-level road allows westbound traffic from the Flyover to turn-off on to the Harrow Road (A404) or eastbound traffic from the Harrow Road to access the Flyover. Eastbound traffic from the Westway cannot exit here to reach the Edgware Road and continues on to the Flyover.
wn.com/Westway_(London) -
Wetherby
Coordinates: 53°55′39″N 1°23′02″W / 53.9276°N 1.3839°W / 53.9276; -1.3839
Wetherby is a market town and civil parish within the metropolitan borough of the City of Leeds, in West Yorkshire, England. It stands on the River Wharfe, and has been for centuries a crossing place and staging post on the Great North Road, being mid-way between London and Edinburgh. It has a population of 11,155.
Historically a part of the Wapentake of Skyrack within the West Riding of Yorkshire, Wetherby is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Wedrebi, thought to derive from wether- or ram-farm or else meaning "settlement on the bend of a river". Local folklore has it that when heavy snow storms hit the county, Wetherby does not get as much because the Weather Goes By.
Wetherby Bridge, which spans the River Wharfe, is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade II listed structure. As a result of its situation on the main road, a large number of coaching inns were established in Wetherby, and many are still used today by travellers. The Old Great North Road is still in place and "Toll Bar House" is still present today, however this part of the group of buildings was built much later in 1918-1920. The Toll Bar itself was attached to this building to the North and to date no-one can be found to verify when demolition occurred. It underwent major refurbishment in the mid 90's but the main part of the house is unchanged apart from the two chimney pots being reversed at some point in its history according to a local painting in The Bay Horse Inn at Kirk Deighton.
wn.com/Wetherby -
Widnes
Coordinates: 53°21′47″N 2°43′41″W / 53.363°N 2.728°W / 53.363; -2.728
Widnes is an industrial town within the borough of Halton, in Cheshire, England, with an urban area population of 58,300 in 2010. It is located on the northern bank of the River Mersey where the estuary narrows to form the Runcorn Gap. Directly to the south across the Mersey is the town of Runcorn. Upstream and 8 miles (13 km) to the east is the town of Warrington, and downstream to the west is the neighbouring area of Speke, of the city of Liverpool. Historically part of Lancashire, the town later came under Cheshire for administrative purposes in the 1974 local government reorganisation.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution Widnes consisted of a small number of separate settlements on land which was mainly marsh or moorland. In 1847 the first chemical factory was established and the town rapidly became a major centre of the chemical industry. The demand for labour was met by the immigration of large numbers of workers from Ireland, Poland, Lithuania and Wales. The town continues to be a major manufacturer of chemicals and there has been a degree of diversification of the town's industries.
wn.com/Widnes -
Yorkshire
Yorkshire (/ˈjɔːkʃə/) is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Due to its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform. Throughout these changes, Yorkshire has continued to be recognised as a geographical territory and cultural region. The name is familiar and well understood across the United Kingdom and is in common use in the media and the military, and also features in the titles of current areas of civil administration, such as North Yorkshire, South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire and East Riding of Yorkshire. The county's name is commonly abbreviated as Yorks.
Within the borders of the historic county of Yorkshire are areas which are widely considered to be among the greenest in England, due to the vast stretches of unspoiled countryside in the Yorkshire Dales and North York Moors and to the open aspect of some of the major cities. Yorkshire has sometimes been nicknamed God's Own County. The emblem of Yorkshire is the white rose of the English royal House of York, and the most commonly used flag representative of Yorkshire is the White Rose on a dark blue background, which after years of use, was recognised by the Flag Institute on 29 July 2008.Yorkshire Day, held on 1 August, is a celebration of the general culture of Yorkshire, ranging from its history to its own dialect.
wn.com/Yorkshire
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Doves (band)
Doves are an English indie rock band, originating from Wilmslow, Cheshire. The band comprises twin brothers Jez Williams (guitar, vocals) and Andy Williams (drums, vocals), and Jimi Goodwin (bass, vocals, guitar). The members started working seriously together after meeting at The Haçienda in Manchester. Doves' unofficial fourth member is Martin Rebelski, who plays keyboards. To date, the band has released four critically acclaimed and commercially successful studio albums, and their first career-spanning compilation album The Places Between: The Best of Doves was released in April 2010.
The formation of Doves can be traced back to when the Williams brothers and Goodwin met at Wilmslow High School at age 15. At the time, Jimi Goodwin was playing lead guitar in a band called The Risk; the other members were Joe Roberts (vocals and Rhodes keyboard), Steve Green (rhythm guitar), Dermot Ahern (bass guitar), Jimi's cousin Pat Goodwin (drums; after Simon Pitt, the original drummer, left the band) and managed by Tim Mulryan, who was said to have also managed the infamous "Macc Lads." The Risk used to practice at Handforth Youth Club and met with some moderate success, mainly playing in Manchester pubs and at The Gallery (Peter Street), The Boardwalk (Little Peter Street), and The International (Anson Road in Rusholme). They also played at The Tunnel Club, Greenwich and at SoapAid. A 5-song demo entitled Take Five was recorded at Spirit studios in Manchester.
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Feeder
Feeder are an alternative rock band from Newport, Wales, formed in 1991. Feeder's line-up from 1994 had consisted of founding members vocalist and guitarist Grant Nicholas alongside drummer Jon Lee, before the line-up was later completed with bassist Taka Hirose. The band had previously employed Simon Blight from Raindancer, a previous Feeder incarnation. On January 7, 2002 Jon took his own life in his Miami home, which saw the band keep out of the public eye for the rest of the year until August, when they made their live return with then former Skunk Anansie drummer Mark Richardson, who also recorded with the band. In May 2009, Mark parted company with Feeder to return to a reformed Skunk Anansie, before Karl Brazil took over as the band's studio and live drummer. Although the band have also employed Damon Wilson and former Mexicolas member Tim Trotter for live duties, Tim has recorded with the band on occasions.
Feeder first attracted national attention with the 2001 album Echo Park, due to the popularity and frequent airplay of its lead and UK top 5 single "Buck Rogers", although the band had released two albums before this being Polythene (1997) and Yesterday Went Too Soon (1999). Feeder's overall mainstream success is seen as moderate in comparison to their peers, but have seen very positive critical reviews for their early work, which includes a perfect 10/10 score for Yesterday Went Too Soon by Metal Hammer magazine. Two years previously Polythene was their album of the year, while in November 2004 Kerrang!'s writers have also approved of "Buck Rogers" as one of their "666 Songs You Must Own". Feeder's chart successes up until the end of 2006, enabled them to become one of the most successful UK chart acts between 1952-2006 based on the ranking system used in the now defunct Guinness publication British Hit Singles & Albums. Total combined domestic sales from all their albums that have been certified at least gold, currently stands at over 1.5 million.
wn.com/Feeder -
Sally Boazman
Sally Boazman, known to many of her listeners as "Sally Traffic", is a British radio traffic reporter, best known for her work in the afternoons on the national BBC Radio 2, with more than eight million listeners. Her reporting "revolutionised" United Kingdom traffic news with the addition of live reports from motorists on mobile phones and lorry drivers on CB radio. Boazman's reporting is so up to date that the national Highways Agency uses her broadcast to update their own reports.
Boazman was described as "bit of a superhero for motorists", by Autotrader UK as the 'sexiest voice on the radio' and by veteran broadcaster Steve Wright as a 'national treasure' who changed the way traffic reporting was done. Her fans have named a thoroughbred race horse (which occasionally even won), after her as well as lorry trucks.
wn.com/Sally_Boazman
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Building the Pennine Section of the M62 Motorway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:20
- Updated: 17 Nov 2012
From the BBC programme The Secret Life of the Motorway, a look back at construction of the seven mile trans-Pennine stretch of the M62 motorway that links Yorkshire and Lancashire.
http://wn.com/Building_the_Pennine_Section_of_the_M62_Motorway
Driving in UK M62 Motorway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:01
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
Driving video. Today I was driving to home from shopping centre. Enjoy :)
http://wn.com/Driving_in_UK_M62_Motorway
HGV illegally using lane 3 on M62 motorway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Updated: 18 Nov 2012
HGV driver using lane 3 on the M62. The road is wet, the lanes are narrow, he's speeding through roadworks in a 50mph limit and he's fully laden. And this driver is supposed to be a professional!
http://wn.com/HGV_illegally_using_lane_3_on_M62_motorway
M62 motorway Eastbound 22nd Jan 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Updated: 28 Aug 2012
This video was shot by myself on the M62 Eastbound on the 22nd January 2008. The video camera used is a SONY CCD-TR511E HandyCam. It was secured to the dashboard of a 2004 Mercedes Sprinter. The camera was held to the dashboard by a very technical means.....BLU-TAC!!!!
http://wn.com/M62_motorway_Eastbound_22nd_Jan_2008
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J8 Burtonwood To The M6 Interchange, Cheshire, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Updated: 13 Apr 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 8 (A574 Warrington West Services) to junction 10 (M6 interchange), Warrington, Cheshire, England Videoed on Thursday, 5th April 2012 Playlist: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J8_Burtonwood_To_The_M6_Interchange,_Cheshire,_England
Climbing Windy Hill on M62 Motorway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/Climbing_Windy_Hill_on_M62_Motorway
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J6 Widnes To J8 Burtonwood, Warrington, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 09 Mar 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 6 (A5300 Liverpool South & Airport A5080 Huyton M57 Southport) to junction 8 (A574 Warrington West Services), Warrington, England Videoed on Sunday,12th February 2012 Playlist:www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J6_Widnes_To_J8_Burtonwood,_Warrington,_England
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J9 Warrington To J8 Burtonwood, Cheshire, England 14th April 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 22 Apr 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 9 (A49 Warrington Newtown) to junction 8 (A574 Warrington West Services), Burtonwood, Warrington, Cheshire, England Videoed on Saturday,14th April 2012 Playlist: www.youtube.com © Mike Fairman 2012
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J9_Warrington_To_J8_Burtonwood,_Cheshire,_England_14th_April_2012
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J6 Widnes To J8 Burtonwood, Warrington, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:05
- Updated: 12 Apr 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 6 (A5300 Liverpool South & Airport A5080 Huyton M57 Southport) to junction 8 (A574 Warrington West Services), Warrington, England Videoed on Thursday, 5th April 2012 Playlist: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J6_Widnes_To_J8_Burtonwood,_Warrington,_England
M62 Motorway Towards Leeds And Bradford
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Updated: 10 Oct 2012
Driving
http://wn.com/M62_Motorway_Towards_Leeds_And_Bradford
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J10 M6 Interchange To J9 Warrington, Cheshire, UK 14th April 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Updated: 22 Apr 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 10 (M6 interchange) to junction 9 (A49 Warrington Newtown), Warrington, Cheshire, England Videoed on Saturday,14th April 2012 Playlist: www.youtube.com © Mike Fairman 2012
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J10_M6_Interchange_To_J9_Warrington,_Cheshire,_UK_14th_April_2012
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J6 Widnes To J8 Burtonwood, Warrington, England 16th April 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:54
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 6 (A5300 Liverpool South & Airport A5080 Huyton M57 Southport) to junction 8 (A574 Warrington West Services), Warrington, England Videoed on Monday,16th April 2012 Playlist: www.youtube.com © Mike Fairman
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J6_Widnes_To_J8_Burtonwood,_Warrington,_England_16th_April_2012
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J8 Burtonwood To J6 Widnes, Merseyside, England 14th April 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:29
- Updated: 21 May 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 8 (A574 Warrington West Services) to junction 6 (A5300 Liverpool South & Airport A5080 Huyton M57 Southport), Widnes, Merseyside, England Videoed on Saturday,14th April 2012 Playlist: www.youtube.com © Mike Fairman
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J8_Burtonwood_To_J6_Widnes,_Merseyside,_England_14th_April_2012
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J10 M6 Interchange To J9 Warrington, Cheshire, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Updated: 04 Mar 2012
Driving at night on the M62 motorway from junction 10 (M6 interchange) to junction 9 (A49 Warrington Newtown), Warrington, Cheshire, England Videoed on Friday,10th February 2012 Playlist:www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J10_M6_Interchange_To_J9_Warrington,_Cheshire,_England
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J8 Burtonwood To J6 Widnes, Merseyside, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:38
- Updated: 04 Mar 2012
Driving at night on the M62 motorway from junction 8 (A574 Warrington West Services) to junction 6 (A5300 Liverpool South & Airport A5080 Huyton M57 Southport), Widnes, Merseyside, England Videoed on Friday,10th February 2012 Playlist:www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J8_Burtonwood_To_J6_Widnes,_Merseyside,_England
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J9 Warrington To J8 Burtonwood, Cheshire, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:23
- Updated: 09 Apr 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 9 (A49 Warrington Newtown) to junction 8 (A574 Warrington West Services), Burtonwood, Warrington, Cheshire, England Videoed on Tuesday, 3rd April 2012 Playlist: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J9_Warrington_To_J8_Burtonwood,_Cheshire,_England
Driving On The M62 Motorway From J10 M6 Interchange To J9 Warrington, Cheshire, England
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 09 Apr 2012
Driving on the M62 motorway from junction 10 (M6 interchange) to junction 9 (A49 Warrington Newtown), Warrington, Cheshire, England Videoed on Tuesday, 3rd April 2012 Playlist: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Driving_On_The_M62_Motorway_From_J10_M6_Interchange_To_J9_Warrington,_Cheshire,_England
m62 motorway. 2 trucker idiots overtaking each other both having 50mph speed limit.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Updated: 27 Jan 2012
m62 motorway. 2 trucker idiots overtaking each other both having 50mph speed limit. This race leads to nowhere but slowing the whole traffic down. Hate them stupid bastards.
http://wn.com/m62_motorway_2_trucker_idiots_overtaking_each_other_both_having_50mph_speed_limit
HOBBYKING BIXLER 2, DANGER FLIGHT, FLYING OVER SCAMMONDEN RESERVOIR, AND M62 MOTORWAY
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:14
- Updated: 27 Oct 2012
Been wanting to do this for a while, but alot of elements against you if anything goes wrong, eg, loose it, its gone for good. so today bixler was in the back and i thought ummm, i should be using my axn, as this bixler, is waiting for its fpv gear to arrive, so i should be keeping it safe, but no, inpatients got the better of me, so hence the footage, but next time i will fly out further and lower, so, subscribe to be informed when that vid comes, also lots more other vids coming, cheers all and happy rc.... ing
http://wn.com/HOBBYKING_BIXLER_2,_DANGER_FLIGHT,_FLYING_OVER_SCAMMONDEN_RESERVOIR,_AND_M62_MOTORWAY
Aggressive driver M62 motorway sliproad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:46
- Updated: 20 Aug 2012
Aggressive moron in a vulgar Audi queue jumps. He's in the right hand lane of the sliproad but lunges infront of me when I'm turning left.
http://wn.com/Aggressive_driver_M62_motorway_sliproad
Motorway Journey Time Lapse (Mach II) - M62/A1M
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Updated: 27 Aug 2010
Time lapse video of a journey across the pennines from M62/J20 to A1M/A63. Video is 25x actual speed (over Mach II). A better quality version is available at www.tuscan-net.co.uk/timelapse/M62x25.avi (18MB download)
http://wn.com/Motorway_Journey_Time_Lapse_Mach_II_M62_A1M
Approaching Leeds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:37
- Updated: 27 Jul 2012
The East West Link in the North of England is the M62 Motorway. (Sometimes referred to as the M62 Corridor) Each of the cities it links has its own approach from this Motorway and the M621 is the link between The M62 Motorway and Leeds. This was one of my approaches to the city enroute from Euroway Industrial Estate in Bradford on a typically dull Northern day. They say, "It's grim up North." This is Summer UK style. We have our good days but days are usually what we have. Hope you like. Apologies for shaky footage. I need a better mobile phone holder. Video footage taken with an HTC HD2
http://wn.com/Approaching_Leeds
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
20 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse military juntas or truly being committed to ongoing pro-democracy movements. Specifically at issue is Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi, a democratic advocate...(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who rampaged through the streets of India's financial capital in November 2008, killing 166 people. Kasab was hung at 7:30 a.m. Wednesday at a jail in...(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that would end Palestinian rocket fire. Mediator Egypt said a deal for a truce to end the fighting could be close. The leader of Hamas said it was up to...(size: 4.1Kb)
photo: AP / Emilio Morenatti
22 Nov 2012
A new battle is underway in Pakistan with its powerful military front-and-centre, but the fight is not against armed insurgents or ideological extremists - this opponent is a muscle-flexing Supreme Court. For the first time in decades, the military's iron grip over the South Asian country has been challenged, and it remains to be seen if it will...(size: 23.7Kb)
Skynews
22 Nov 2012
A Chinese couple have found themselves living in the fast lane after refusing to move out for a new road. Construction workers in the country's Zhejiang province surrounded their five-storey building with asphalt, leaving motorists to navigate an unlikely obstacle. Asphalt has been laid around the building in Xiazhangyang village...(size: 2.4Kb)
BBC News
14 Nov 2012
A busy stretch of the M62 motorway has been closed in West Yorkshire after a...(size: 0.5Kb)
noodls
05 Oct 2012
There is availability in both the £21 and £41 ticket brackets and fans will be able to guarantee their seat for the 2012 season finale by purchasing direct from the stadium from 10.00am right up until kick-off at 6.00pm. Fans can also order tickets over the phone through the RFL Ticket Office on 0844 956 1113 until 11.00am tomorrow or by visiting...(size: 2.3Kb)
BBC News
05 Oct 2012
Firefighters cut a hole in the roof of an overturned van to rescue a man following a crash on the M62 motorway. The...(size: 0.8Kb)
noodls
27 Sep 2012
A man has been charged in connection with a fatal collision on the M62 motorway. Niall Yeldham (born 30/12/77) of Valkyrie Road, Wallasey, Merseyside has been charged with causing death by dangerous driving. He is due before Bury Magistrates' Court on 9 October 2012....(size: 1.8Kb)
BBC News
27 Sep 2012
A Merseyside man has been charged with causing death by dangerous driving in...(size: 0.5Kb)
B&S; Online
21 Sep 2012
Welcome to my latest round-up from the North, as usual there's lots to tell you about, including great news for fans of US Soul supergroup, Atlantic Starr, news of the once every 20 years Preston Guild Soul All-Dayer, the long overdue visit to these shores of Northern Soul legend, Judy Street, an update on our Wigan Casino 39th anniversary this...(size: 13.1Kb)
BBC News
20 Aug 2012
Police are investigating whether a man found with head injuries in a railway station car park might have fallen from...(size: 0.8Kb)
noodls
18 Aug 2012
The Guardian
13 Aug 2012
One is being nursed expensively and carefully back to muddy health. The other faces threats because of the demands of game hunters and grouse Petra Young from the Forestry Commission measures peat depth on May Moss, North York Moors. Photograph: Tony Bartholomew...(size: 6.6Kb)
BBC News
26 Jul 2012
Police have named a couple who died when their car collided with a lorry on the M62 in West Yorkshire. Mark and Tamsie McHale, from Bishop Auckland, County Durham, died at the scene of the crash in the early hours of Wednesday. Police said a lorry collided with the...(size: 1.8Kb)
BBC News
25 Jul 2012
Two people have been killed in a crash on the M62 in West Yorkshire. Police said a lorry and an Audi collided and the two occupants of the car, a 46-year-old...(size: 1.0Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
27 Jun 2012
The Queen has shaken hands with the former IRA commander Martin McGuinness in a gesture that means as much to the peace process as her groundbreaking visit to Ireland last year. Here is a timeline of the road to peace. Image 1 of 6 The Queen has shaken hands with the former IRA commander Martin McGuinness in a gesture that...(size: 25.2Kb)
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|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Route information | |
| Maintained by the Highways Agency | |
| Length: | 107 mi[1] (172 km) 7 miles (11 km) are part of the M60 motorway |
| History: | Constructed 1960–1976 |
| Major junctions | |
| West end: | Knotty Ash |
|
  J32a → A1(M) |
|
| East end: | North Cave |
| Location | |
| Counties: | Merseyside, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire |
| Primary destinations: |
Liverpool, Salford, Manchester, Bradford, Leeds, Wakefield, Hull |
| Road network | |
J10 → 
J12 → 
J29 → The M62 motorway is a west–east trans-Pennine motorway in Northern England, connecting Liverpool and Hull via Manchester and Leeds. The road also forms part of the unsigned Euroroutes E20 (Shannon to Saint Petersburg) and E22 (Holyhead to Ishim). The road is 107 miles (172 km) long;[1] for 7 miles (11 km), it shares its route with the M60 motorway around Manchester.[2] The motorway, which was first proposed in the 1930s, and originally conceived as two separate routes, was built in stages between 1971 and 1976, with construction beginning at Pole Moor and finishing in Tarbock on the outskirts of Liverpool. The motorway also absorbed the northern end of the Stretford-Eccles bypass, which was built between 1957 and 1960. Adjusted for inflation to 2007, the motorway cost approximately £765 million to build.[3][4] The motorway is relatively busy, with an average daily traffic flow of 100,000 cars in Yorkshire, and has several areas prone to gridlock, in particular, between Leeds and Huddersfield in West Yorkshire.
The motorway's history has included a coach bombing on 4 February 1974, and a rail crash on 28 February 2001. The motorway is also notable for Stott Hall Farm, a farm in the Pennines situated between the carriageways. The farm has since become one of the most well known sights in West Yorkshire.
The road passes the cities of Salford, Manchester, Bradford and Leeds. Between Liverpool and Manchester, and east of Leeds, the terrain of the road is relatively flat, while between Manchester and Leeds, the road crosses the Pennines. Its highest point on Windy Hill near Saddleworth Moor (53°37′47″N 2°01′07″W / 53.62982°N 2.018561°W / 53.62982; -2.018561 (Windy Hill)) is the highest point of any motorway in the United Kingdom, at 1,221 feet (372 m) above sea level.[5][6][7]
Contents |
History[link]
Origin of the road[link]
The origins of the M62 date back to the 1930s, where the need for a route between Lancashire and Yorkshire had been agreed after discussion by the respective highway authorities of the counties.[8] At the same time, it was envisaged that a route between Liverpool and Hull was also needed, connecting the two ports to industrial Yorkshire.[9]
Some years later, after World War II, the Minister of Transport appointed engineers to inspect road standards between the A580 road in Swinton and the A1 road near Selby.[9] In 1949, that year's Road Plan for South Lancashire specified the need to upgrade to dual carriageway and grade separation of the A580, and bypasses of both Huyton and Cadishead.[10] In 1952, the route for a trans-Pennine motorway, known as the Lancashire–Yorkshire Motorway, was laid down, with Ferrybridge chosen as the eastern terminus rather than Selby.[9] By the 1960s the proposed upgrade of the A580 to dual carriageway in Lancashire had come to be considered inadequate, and there was "an urgent need" to link Liverpool to the motorway network.[10] The route of the Lancashire-Yorkshire motorway was also considered inadequate as it failed to cater for several industrial towns in Yorkshire.[9] When James Drake visited the United States in 1962, his experience with the Interstate Highway system led him to conclude that the Merseyside Expressway, planned to run only between Liverpool and the M6, would need extending to the Stretford-Eccles Bypass, creating a continuous motorway between Liverpool and Ferrybridge (a link between Ferrybridge and Hull was not considered until 1964).[11] Initially these plans were unpopular and unsupported by the Ministry of Transport, but nevertheless the scheme was added to the Road Plan in 1963.[10]
Construction[link]
Liverpool Inner Motorway[link]
Originally, Liverpool was intended to have an urban motorway along with Manchester, Leeds and Newcastle.[12] In the latter cases, the motorways were constructed (the A57(M), A58(M), A64(M) and A167(M) respectively). The M62 was intended to terminate upon the Inner Motorway, but due to the Inner Motorway not being constructed, the M62 link was not constructed either.[13] The proposed route would have followed the railway into Liverpool as far as Edge Hill, with junctions with Rathbone Road and Durning Road, dropping two lanes at the latter, before terminating on the Islington Radial.[13]
West of Manchester[link]
Originally, the section of the M62 west of Manchester was intended to be a separate motorway linking Liverpool with Salford, but a continuous motorway between Leeds and Liverpool was deemed to be more feasible,[14][15] known as the M52. Construction of the motorway between Liverpool and Manchester started in 1971, with the construction of a link between the M57 and the M6 motorway.[10] Concurrently, a contract to link the M6 with Manchester was under way, which required the removal of unsuitable material and drainage of the land. This section was completed in August 1974, creating a continuous link between Ferrybridge and Tarbock.
The section between Tarbock and Liverpool was the last section of the motorway to be completed, in 1976, due to the difficulties of building an urban motorway. In total, two viaducts, ten bridges and seven underpasses had to be constructed to secure the structural integrity of the surrounding residential area. The motorway reached only as far as Queens Drive (junction 4), leaving the first three junctions unbuilt.[10]
In Greater Manchester[link]
The first part of the M62 to be built was the Stretford-Eccles Bypass, which now covers junctions 7 to 13 of the M60.[16] Construction started in 1957, and opened in 1960.[17]
Two separate motorways were planned, with the M52 running from Liverpool into Salford; the other, the M62, would link Pole Moor with the Stretford-Eccles Bypass.[14] The section between the interchange with the Stretford-Eccles Bypass and Salford is now occupied by the M602 motorway.
The Eccles-Pole Moor section was opened in 1971.[18][19] Between Eccles and Pole Moor, 67 crossings of the motorway were required, including seven viaducts and eight junctions.[8]
Between Windy Hill and Lofthouse[link]
The first section of the Yorkshire section of the motorway was completed in 1970, between the county boundary at Windy Hill and Outlane.[1][20] The construction of the section between Windy Hill and Pole Moor was difficult, given the inhospitable hilly terrain, numerous peat bogs, and undesirable weather conditions. To build this section of motorway, 12,000,000 cubic yards (9,200,000 m3) of material was moved, 8,000,000 cubic yards (6,100,000 m3) of which were solid rock; 650,000 cubic yards (500,000 m3) of this material was peat, which had to be cut from the rock strata and was eventually deposited on hillsides adjacent to the motorway. In addition to the problems caused by removal of the material, the geology of the moors resulted in the engineers needing to split the carriageways for 3⁄4 miles (1.2 km) in the middle of this section, sparing Stott Hall Farm from demolition.[20][21] Two notable bridge constructions were the bridge carrying the Pennine Way, which is curved downwards with 85-foot (26 m) long cantilevers, and Scammonden Bridge, often called the longest single-span non-suspension bridge in Britain,[22] which carries a B road 120 feet (37 m) above the motorway.[20] The 1-mile (1.6 km) section between Pole Moor and Outlane suffered fewer problems, with the summer weather being satisfactory.[23] Concurrently, a section of the motorway was being built between Gildersome and Lofthouse,[1] resulting in the demolition of a significant proportion of the village of Tingley to build the eponymous interchange.
East of Lofthouse[link]
Two contracts were awarded for the section of the M62 between Lofthouse and Ferrybridge in 1972, and both were completed in 1974.[24][25] On the first contract, care was needed at the crossing of the River Calder due to the alluvial bedrock, while, on the second, precautions were taken as the length was built on old coal mine workings.
The sections between Ferrybridge and North Cave were the last sections of the motorway to be conceived[11] and built.[18] One of the most notable features is the bridge crossing the River Ouse west of Goole, a structure nearly 1 mile (1.6 km) long, rising to 98.4 feet (30.0 m) above ground level, which commenced construction in January 1973.
The bridge was delayed due to "steel supplies [being] a chronic headache"[26] and a partial collapse of the framework, caused by bolts joining a cross-beam to a trestle shearing.[11] The problems with the Ouse Bridge pushed the opening of the whole section east of Goole back to May 1976.[11][18]
Development after opening[link]
_and_M62_interchange.jpg)
In 1987, the Department of Transport proposed a relief road running parallel to the M62 to combat congestion around Manchester. The relief road would have been restricted for long distance traffic, and the current route, part of the Manchester Outer Ring Road (later the M60), used for local traffic. The proposal also suggested the closure of junction 13. The proposal was designated a "long term" improvement in 1994, and cancelled on 23 November 1995.[27]
In 2000, the section of the M62 between Eccles Interchange and Simister Interchange (junctions 12 to 18) was renamed to the M60.[28] Since then, two new junctions were opened—in December 2002, the previously missing junction 8 was opened to allow access to the A574 and the Omega Development Site,[29] while in January 2006, junction 32a was opened, to link the motorway with the recently upgraded A1(M).[30] The UK's first car-sharing lane on a motorway was opened at junction 26 in 2008, allowing any eastbound traffic from the M606 with more than one occupant to use the lane.[31] The installation of managed motorways on the M62 will necessitate the closure of the car-sharing lane.
Features[link]
Stott Hall Farm[link]
_2009-08-13.JPG)
Stott Hall Farm (53°38′30″N 1°57′08″W / 53.641599°N 1.952222°W / 53.641599; -1.952222 (Stott Hall Farm)) is an 18th century farm on Windy Hill, situated between the two carriageways of the motorway between junctions 22 and 23.[21][32][33] The road forks around the farm for engineering reasons owing to the surrounding area's geology, though a local myth persists that the road had to be split because the owners refused to sell the land during its construction.[21] Due to its remoteness in the Pennines, the farm is often nicknamed the Little House on the Prairie, it is now known countrywide to lorry drivers using CB radio by this name and is even referred to as such by Sally Boazman, BBC Radio 2's traffic reporter. The farm is now separated from the motorway by crash barriers and a high fence to keep livestock in and drivers out, after some stranded motorists attempted to get aid when broken down.[21][34] The farm, which was occupied by Ken and Beth Wild at the time of the motorway's opening,[32] is now farmed by Paul Thorp.[21] It is one of the ten best-known sights from the motorway network[35] and one of the best-known sights in West Yorkshire.[34] The farm was used as a location for an early episode of ITV drama series Where the Heart Is and was the subject of a short documentary film.[36]
High traffic levels[link]
The section between Halifax and Gildersome is one of the most congested roads in Britain,[37] and regularly slows to gridlock at junction 27.[38]
Annual average daily traffic flows of 100,000 cars were recorded east of the Pennines (junction 22) in 2006 and 78,000 cars west of the Pennines.[39] This was up from 90,000 and 70,000 respectively in 1999.[40] By way of comparison, the UK's busiest motorway, the M25 motorway, carried 144,000 cars between junctions 7 and 23 in 2006.[39]
Proposed developments[link]
M62 J25 to J30 managed motorway[link]
Prior to 2009 there were proposals in place to widen the M62 between junctions 25 and 28 to four lanes. In January 2009 the schemes were withdrawn and replaced by a wider project to install hard shoulder running and a managed motorway system between junctions 25 and 30.[41][42] Construction of managed motorways commenced in October 2011[43] with construction expected to take around two years.[44]
Impact upon culture[link]
Doves named a song after the M62 on their 2002 album The Last Broadcast, which is stated to have been recorded "under the M62 flyover at Northenden", although the M62 is several miles to the north.[45][46]
Rugby league is a popular sport in Northern England—so much so that a 1994 survey revealed that sixty percent of people regularly attending rugby league matches lived in only four postal districts along the M62.[47] Only two teams in the Super League, Catalans Dragons in Perpignan, France and the London Broncos in London, play outside Northern England and thus the phrase "M62 corridor" is sometimes used as a synonym for rugby league's heartlands.[48]
Incidents[link]
M62 coach bombing[link]
Main article: M62 coach bombing
On 4 February 1974, a bomb was detonated on a coach containing off-duty army personnel and family members, between Chain Bar (junction 26) and Gildersome (junction 27), resulting in the deaths of 12 people and injuries in 38 other people. After the attack, the nearby Hartshead Moor service station was used as a makeshift hospital and base of investigation.[49] The Provisional Irish Republican Army were deemed responsible for the attacks.[49][50]
Selby rail crash[link]
Main article: Selby rail crash
On 28 February 2001, at 06:13 GMT, Gary Hart, a sleep-deprived driver, swerved off the M62 onto the East Coast Main Line near Selby. While Hart was calling the emergency services, a GNER southbound train collided with Hart's Land Rover, and subsequently derailed into the path of an oncoming goods train. Ten people were killed, including the drivers of both trains, and a further 82 were injured.
Feeder M62 touring crew bus explosion[link]
On 25 October 2008, at 06:00 GMT, Feeder, a British rock band, were travelling from Glasgow to Lincoln having played a concert at the Glasgow Barrowlands the night before.[51] The band's Van Hool crew bus, in transit with another bus carrying the band members, pulled over onto a hard shoulder, just after J22 Eastbound, after driver Colin Campbell of Silvergray Tour Busing spotted smoke and flames billowing out of the back of his vehicle. Campbell immediately woke up all 13 members of the crew and got them off the bus.[52] Two minutes later the bus caught alight, destroying all the personal items on board. Six fire crews from Elland and Halifax fought the blaze, which closed two lanes of the westbound carriageway between junctions 22, Ripponden and 23, Outlane, for two hours. The force of the fire, combined with strong winds from the moors, melted nearby steel lighting columns.
Route[link]
In addition to passing Warrington, Manchester, Huddersfield, Halifax, Bradford, Leeds and Wakefield, the towns of Huyton, St Helens, Widnes, Bury, Rochdale, Dewsbury, Pontefract, Selby and Goole are designated as primary destinations along the road. The road is a terminus to two motorways: the M57 motorway near Prescot and the M18 motorway near Rawcliffe; and has four spur routes: the M602 motorway, which serves Manchester, the A627(M) motorway, which serves Oldham and Rochdale, the M606 motorway, which serves Bradford, and the M621 motorway, which serves Leeds. Despite Hull being listed as a primary destination,[53] the motorway downgrades near North Cave, 16 miles (26 km) west.[1][54]
The motorway starts on Queen's Drive, on Liverpool's middle ring road. From there it runs eastward to Liverpool's outer ring road, the M57. The route has four exits for Warrington: junction 7, an interchange with the A57 road, junction 8, which also houses IKEA,[55] Junction 9, which interchanges with the A49 road, originally intended to be a motorway itself,[56] and junction 11. Between these is junction 10, which is a cloverstack interchange with the M6 motorway. The M62 then crosses Chat Moss before interchanging with the M60 motorway.[57] Due to original plans being to extend the section of the motorway into Manchester, motorists must turn off to stay on (TOTSO) the route into Yorkshire.
In Greater Manchester, the motorway shares seven junctions, 12 to 18, with the M60 motorway. Junction 13, which is signposted for Swinton, is situated only 1⁄2 miles (0.80 km) from junction 12, leaving exiting motorists the hazard of crossing the still-merging M62 traffic.[58] After this, there is Worsley Braided Interchange, which, in addition to serving junctions 14 and 15, also serves junctions 1 to 3 of the M61 motorway, which terminates to Preston.
Near junction 22, the motorway gains a lane to climb Windy Hill,[57] before crossing the border into Yorkshire and interchanging with the rural A672 road, reaching the highest point of any motorway in England 1,221 feet (372 m).[7] There is then a 7-mile (11 km) travel through the Pennines to the next junction, passing Scammonden Water and Stott Hall Farm. The next junction is 23, which is accessible only for westbound traffic. After this, the road dips through a valley to junction 24[59] and drops slowly before interchanging with the A644 road at junction 25.[60] Between junctions 22 and 25, the road is used as a border between the metropolitan boroughs of Calderdale and Kirklees.[61]
At junction 26, Chain Bar, the motorway interchanges with several roads: the M606 motorway, a spur into Bradford, the A58 road, which runs between Prescot and Wetherby, and the A638 road, which runs to Doncaster, then follows the old route of the A1 through Bawtry and Retford, to Markham Moor where it rejoins the A1. The next junction also serves a spur route: the M621 motorway, before bypassing Leeds to the south to the interchange with the M1 motorway, Lofthouse Interchange, at junction 29. East of Leeds, the motorway serves Wakefield at junction 30 and crosses by the River Calder. At junction 32a, the road is crossed by the A1(M) motorway, which also runs parallel to it for a short distance. The next junction serves the A162 road, previously the A1, and Ferrybridge service station. After Ferrybridge, the motorway becomes relatively flat, except for a 1-mile (1.6 km) bridge that crosses the River Ouse. For approximately 10 miles (16 km) after this, the road runs towards Hull, serving Howden and North Cave, before downgrading to the A63 road.
Junctions[link]
Data from driver location signs are used to provide distance and carriageway identifier information.[62][63]
| M62 motorway | |||||
| Mile | km | Westbound exits | Junction | Eastbound exits | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A5080 from Liverpool becomes M62 | |||||
| No access | [coord 1] | Start of motorway | |||
| A5080: Huyton, Knotty Ash | 5 | A5080: Huyton | |||
| 7.9 | 12.7 | A5300: Liverpool John Lennon Airport A5080: Huyton M57: Southport |
6 | M57: Prescot A5300: Runcorn |
|
| 10.2 | 16.5 | A57: Prescot A570: St. Helens A557: Widnes |
7 | A57: Prescot A570: St. Helens A557: Widnes |
|
| 14.5 | 23.3 | (A574): Warrington (West), Burtonwood, Burtonwood services |
8 Services |
(A574): Warrington (West), Burtonwood, Burtonwood services |
|
| 16.6 | 26.7 | A49: Warrington (Central), Newton | 9 | A49: Warrington (Central), Newton | |
| 18.1 | 29.1 | M6: Birmingham, Preston, Chester | 10 [coord 2] |
M6: Preston, Birmingham, Manchester Airport | |
| 20.7 | 33.4 | A574: Warrington (East), Birchwood | 11 | A574: Warrington (East), Birchwood | |
| 26.9 | 43.3 | M62 leaves concurrency with M60 | 12 [coord 3] |
M60: Ring Road, Bolton, Bury, Leeds M602: Salford, Manchester |
|
| Motorway is signposted as the M60 from junctions 12 to 18 (see original route) | |||||
| 35.1 | 56.5 | M60: Ring Road M66: Bury, Blackburn |
18 [coord 4] |
M62 leaves concurrency with M60 | |
| 37.8 | 60.9 | Birch services | Services | Birch services | |
| 40.1 | 64.5 | A6046: Heywood, Middleton | 19 | A6046: Middleton, Heywood | |
| 42.5 | 68.4 | A627(M): Rochdale, Oldham | 20 | A627(M): Rochdale, Oldham, Ashton | |
| 46.9 | 75.5 | A640: Milnrow, Shaw | 21 | A640: Milnrow, Shaw | |
| 46.8 | 75.4 | A672: Saddleworth | 22 | A672: Ripponden, Sowerby Bridge | |
| 54.0 | 86.9 | No access | 23 | A640: Huddersfield | |
| 55.5 | 89.4 | A629: Huddersfield, Halifax | 24 | A629: Huddersfield, Halifax | |
| 59.1 | 95.2 | A644: Brighouse, Halifax | 25 | A644: Brighouse, Mirfield, Dewsbury | |
| 60.6 | 97.7 | Hartshead Moor services | Services | Hartshead Moor services | |
| 62.5 | 100.7 | M606: Bradford A58: Halifax |
26 [coord 5] |
M606: Bradford A638: Cleckheaton |
|
| 66.5 | 107.1 | M621: Leeds A62: Bradford |
27 | M621: Leeds A62: Batley A650: Morley |
|
| 69.7 | 112.2 | A653: Leeds, Dewsbury, Leeds Bradford International Airport | 28 | A653: Leeds, Dewsbury | |
| 72.3 | 116.5 | M1: London, Leeds, Wakefield | 29 [coord 6] |
M1: London, Wakefield, The North | |
| A642: Rothwell, Wakefield | 30 | A642: Rothwell, Wakefield | |||
| 77.7 | 125.2 | A655: Normanton, Castleford | 31 | A655: Normanton, Castleford | |
| 80.5 | 129.7 | A639: Pontefract, Castleford | 32 | A639: Pontefract, Castleford | |
| A1(M): The North, Wetherby | 32A [coord 7] |
A1(M): The North, Wetherby The South, Doncaster |
|||
| 84.7 | 136.4 | A162: The South, Doncaster (A1) Pontefract Ferrybridge services |
33 Services [coord 8] |
A162: Knottingley Ferrybridge services |
|
| A19: Selby, Doncaster | 34 | A19: Selby, Doncaster | |||
| M18: The South, Doncaster | 35 | M18: The South, Doncaster | |||
| A614: Goole | 36 | A614: Goole | |||
| A614: Howden | 37 | A614: Howden, Bridlington | |||
| Start of motorway | 38 [coord 9] |
B1230: North Cave, Gilberdyke | |||
| Motorway becomes A63 and continues into Hull | |||||
| Motorway • Primary road • Secondary road Concurrency terminus • Closed/former • Incomplete access • Unopened |
|||||
Coordinate list[link]
- ^ 53°24′22″N 2°53′46″W / 53.405977°N 2.896099°W / 53.405977; -2.896099 (Western end of the M62 Motorway): Western end of the M62 Motorway
- ^ 53°25′34″N 2°33′22″W / 53.426024°N 2.55614°W / 53.426024; -2.55614 (M6/M62 interchange): M6/M62 interchange
- ^ 53°29′15″N 2°22′36″W / 53.487591°N 2.3767°W / 53.487591; -2.3767 (Western end of M60/M62 concurrency): Western end of M60/M62 concurrency
- ^ 53°32′59″N 2°15′38″W / 53.549801°N 2.26055°W / 53.549801; -2.26055 (Eastern end of M60/M62 concurrency): Eastern end of M60/M62 concurrency
- ^ 53°44′12″N 1°43′34″W / 53.736671°N 1.726181°W / 53.736671; -1.726181 (M62/M606 interchange): M62/M606 interchange
- ^ 53°43′51″N 1°30′43″W / 53.730811°N 1.511929°W / 53.730811; -1.511929 (M62/M1 interchange): M62/M1 interchange
- ^ 53°42′40″N 1°17′27″W / 53.711174°N 1.290832°W / 53.711174; -1.290832 (M62/A1 interchange): M62/A1 interchange
- ^ 53°41′45″N 1°16′03″W / 53.695714°N 1.267566°W / 53.695714; -1.267566 (M62:J33 and Ferrybridge Services): M62:J33 and Ferrybridge Services
- ^ 53°46′16″N 0°41′07″W / 53.771087°N 0.685205°W / 53.771087; -0.685205 (Eastern end of the M62 Motorway): Eastern end of the M62 Motorway
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e Marshall, Chris. "M62 motorway". Motorway Database. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/m62/. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M1-M898 waypoints". Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/reference/m1-m898/assets/m1-m898.html. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ David Simmons consultancy (PDF). Case Study:M62 motorway. Archived from the original on 17 October 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061017081442/http://www.davidsimmonds.com/main/pdfs/m62.pdf. Retrieved 30 May 2007. ""CEC (1987) estimated that the capital cost of the motorway was "of the order of £412 million at 1985 prices""
- ^ Historical CPI figures - Whats the cost.
- ^ Spencer Stokes (1 December 2006). "More than a road...". BBC.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2006/11/30/m62_spencer_feature.shtml. Retrieved 23 August 2007.
- ^ "Statistics". Motorway Archive. The Motorway Archive Trust. http://www.iht.org/motorway/stats.htm. Retrieved 18 November 2007.
- ^ a b "Photo of Highest motorway in England". Panoramio. 19 January 2008. http://www.panoramio.com/photo/7235243. Retrieved 17 August 2009.
- ^ a b "M62: Eccles to county boundary". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m62ecclesbdy.htm. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ a b c d "M62 in West Yorkshire". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m62master.htm. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ a b c d e "M62: Queens Drive to Eccles". http://www.iht.org/motorway/m62queeccles.htm. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ a b c d "M62: Goole — Ouse Bridge". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m62goolouse.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "Liverpool Inner Motorway". Histories. Chris's British Road Directory. http://cbrd.co.uk/histories/lim/. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
- ^ a b Marshall, Chris. "The Urban M62". Histories — Liverpool Inner Motorway. Chris's British Road Directory. http://cbrd.co.uk/histories/lim/m62.shtml. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
- ^ a b "M52 Liverpool to Manchester". Pathetic Motorways. http://pathetic.org.uk/lost/m52/. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M602 Motorway". Motorway Database. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/m602/. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ "M62 Stretford-Eccles Bypass". Pathetic Motorways. http://pathetic.org.uk/lost/m62/. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ "M63 (now M60) Stretford-Eccles Bypass and Carrington Spur". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m63stretecc.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ a b c Marshall, Chris. "M62 - Timeline". Motorway Database. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/m62/timeline.shtml. Retrieved 28 May 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M60 - Timeline". Motorway Database. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/m60/timeline.shtml. Retrieved 28 May 2007. [dead link]
- ^ a b c "M62: Boundary to Pole Moor". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m62bounpole.htm. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ a b c d e 02/020207_insideout_farmhouse_feature.shtml "Farming in the fast lane". BBC. 2 February 2007. http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2007/02 02/020207_insideout_farmhouse_feature.shtml. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M62". Motorway Simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m62w-25. Retrieved 30 May 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "M62: Pole Moor to Outlane". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m62poleoutl.htm. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
- ^ "M62: Lofthouse to Hopetown". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m62lofthope.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ "M62: Hopetown to Ferrybridge". The Motorway Archive. http://www.iht.org/motorway/m62hopeferr.htm. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ Hayward, David (14 August 1975). New Civil Engineer
- ^ "M62 Relief Road". Pathetic Motorways. http://pathetic.org.uk/unbuilt/m62_relief_road/. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M60". Motorway Database. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/m60/. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ "M62 junction completion raises region's economic prospects". Costain Group. 2003. Archived from the original on 24 October 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061024011521/http://www.costain.com/news/bpfeb03/newsindepth8.htm. Retrieved 5 August 2007.
- ^ "A1(M) Ferrybridge to Hook Moor open to Traffic — January 2006" (PDF). Highways Agency. 2005. http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/documents/n050282_F_HM_NEWSLETTER.pdf. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ "First car-share lane to be built". BBC News. 20 March 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bradford/4822808.stm. Retrieved 28 May 2007.
- ^ a b "Life in the Fast Lane". BBC West Yorkshire. 24 May 2002. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/features/2003/m62.shtml. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
- ^ "Motorways M60 to M69 - Most viewed". Photo gallery. SABRE. http://www.sabre-roads.org.uk/gallery/thumbnails.php?album=topn&cat=7. Retrieved 2 August 2007.
- ^ a b "The man in the middle!". 2 November 2006. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2006/11/02/m62_farm_feature.shtml. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
- ^ "Spaghetti Junction is top sight". BBC West Midlands. 23 August 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/6959296.stm. Retrieved 19 November 2007.
- ^ Walker, Rowan (30 November 2008). "Farmhouse Island on M62: the Movie". The Observer (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/nov/30/documentary-m62.
- ^ "M62 Junctions 24 to 27". In Depth: Traffic Congestion. 2003. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/uk/03/motorway_hotspots/html/m62.stm. Retrieved 30 May 2007.
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M62-M621-A650". Bad Junctions. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/badjunctions/62-621-650.shtml. Retrieved 30 May 2007.
- ^ a b "Road traffic data tables" (Microsoft Excel spreadsheet). Road Statistics 2006: Traffic, Speeds and Congestion. Department for Transport. 26 July 2007. Archived from the original on unknown. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dft.gov.uk/172974/173025/221412/221546/227050/261688/roadtraffdata.xls. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ "Road Traffic Statistics: 2003" (PDF). Department for Transport. 12 August 2004. p. 17. Archived from the original on unknown. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dft.gov.uk/162259/162469/221412/221546/224925/224928/coll_roadtrafficstatistics2003a/roadtrafficstatistics2003. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
- ^ "M62 J27 to J28 Improvement". Highways Agency. http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/6027.aspx. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^ "M62 J25 to J27 Improvement". Highways Agency. http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/5956.aspx. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^ "Minister sees start of M62 work at Bruntcliffe". Morley Observer and Advertiser. 18 October 2011. http://www.morleyobserver.co.uk/news/local/minister_sees_start_of_m62_work_at_bruntcliffe_1_3884228. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^ "Project Timetable". M62 J25 to J30 Managed Motorway. Highways Agency. http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/24039.aspx. Retrieved 20 October 2011. [dead link]
- ^ "Doves — The Last Broadcast". BBC Manchester. 29 April 2002. http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/music/2002/04/29/last_broadcast.shtml. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
- ^ Doves (band) (29 April 2002). The Last Broadcast (sleeve notes). Heavenly Records.
- ^ "To Prezzagrad with Love". New Statesman. 11 December 2006. http://www.newstatesman.com/200612110029. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
- ^ Dave Hadfield (28 July 2003). "Making the long walk from Hull to Widnes". London: The Independent. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071209214955/http://sport.independent.co.uk/rugby_league/article97925.ece. Retrieved 21 November 2007.
- ^ a b "Tragedy on the M62". BBC Bradford. 29 November 2006. http://www.bbc.co.uk/bradford/content/articles/2006/11/29/m62_bombing_feature.shtml. Retrieved 30 November 2007.
- ^ Oliver, Mark (15 January 2002). "Miscarriages of justice". London: Guardian Unlimited. http://www.guardian.co.uk/crime/article/0,2763,634024,0.html. Retrieved 29 May 2007.
- ^ "Feeder interview". Crackerjack. 30 August 2008. http://www.crackerjack.co.uk/bristol/music-news/feeder-interview. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
- ^ "Rock band Feeder's crew bus bursts into flames on M62 in Calderdale - see the dramatic picture". Halifax Courier. 28 August 2008. http://www.halifaxcourier.co.uk/news/Rock-band-Feeder39s-crew-bus.4636519.jp. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M62 East — Junction 30". Motorway simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m62e-33. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M62 East — Junction 38". Motorway simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m62e-44. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M62 East — Junction 8". Motorway simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m62e-7. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M62 East — Junction 9". Motorway simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m62e-8. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ a b Marshall, Chris. "M62 East — Uneven surface (Chat Moss)". Motorway simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m62e-11. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M60 Clockwise — Junction 13". Motorway simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m60c-17. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M62 East — Junction 24". Motorway simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m62e-25. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Marshall, Chris. "M62 West — Slow Lorries (Brighouse-Halifax)". Motorway simulator. Chris's British Road Directory. http://www.cbrd.co.uk/cgi-bin/simu.pl?road=m62w-22. Retrieved 17 November 2007. [dead link]
- ^ "Waste Management Strategy" (PDF). Calderdale MBC. http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/council/consultations/engage/downloaddoc.jsp?id=802. Retrieved 17 November 2007.
- ^ M62 Network Schematic showing extents of the Driver Location Signs Scheme within Area 12, Highway Authority 2009
- ^ Driver Location Signs, Highway Agency Area 10 (map) - Highway Authority, 2009
External links[link]
This audio file was created from a revision of the "M62 motorway" article dated 2008-02-10, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
| Map of all coordinates from Google |
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| Export all coordinates as KML |
| Export all coordinates as GeoRSS |
| Map of all microformatted coordinates |
| Place data as RDF |
- Chris's British Road Directory
- The Motorway Archive
- "Walking the M62", a blog, and later a book, about hiking along the M62.
- BBC News Article on Stott Hall farm.
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http://wn.com/M62_motorway
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/M62 (автодорога, Великобритания)
http://fr.wn.com/Autoroute britannique M62
http://nl.wn.com/M62 (Groot-Brittannië)
http://pt.wn.com/M62 (autoestrada)
http://de.wn.com/M62 motorway
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M62_motorway
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
