National Board of Review

The National Board of Review of Motion Pictures was founded in 1909 in New York City, just 13 years after the birth of cinema, to protest New York City Mayor George B. McClellan, Jr.'s revocation of moving-picture exhibition licenses on Christmas Eve 1908. The mayor (son of the famed Civil War general) believed that the new medium degraded the morals of community. To assert their constitutional freedom of expression, theatre owners led by Marcus Loew and film distributors (Edison, Biograph, Pathé and Gaumont) joined John Collier of The People's Institute at Cooper Union and established the New York Board of Motion Picture Censorship, which soon changed its name to the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures to avoid the taint of the word "censorship".

Its stated purpose was to endorse films of merit and champion the new "art of the people", which was transforming America's cultural life. In an effort to avoid government censorship of films, the National Board became the unofficial clearinghouse for new movies. From 1916 into the 1950s thousands of motion pictures carried the legend "Passed by the National Board of Review" in their main titles. However, the Board was a de facto censorship organization. Producers submitted their films to the Board before making release prints; they agreed to cut out any footage that the Board found objectionable, up to and including destroying the entire film.

NBR

NBR may refer to:

In rail:

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In other uses:

Nitrogen tribromide

Nitrogen tribromide is a chemical compound with the formula NBr₃. It is extremely explosive in its pure form, even at −100 °C, and was not isolated until 1975. It is a deep-red, volatile solid, and was first prepared by the bromination of bistrimethlysilylbromamine with BrCl at −87 °C:

It reacts instantly with ammonia in dichloromethane solution at −87°C to yield NBrH₂.

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NBR2

NBR2 is a gene best known for its location near the breast cancer associated gene BRCA1. Like BRCA1, NBR2 has been a subject of research, but links to breast cancer are currently inconclusive.

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Award

An award is something given to a person, a group of people, or an organization to recognize their excellence in a certain field; a certificate of excellence. Awards are often signified by trophies, titles, certificates, commemorative plaques, medals, badges, pins, or ribbons. An award may carry a monetary prize given to the recipient; for example, the Nobel Prize for contributions to society or the Pulitzer Prize for literary achievements. An award may also simply be a public acknowledgment of excellence, without any tangible token or prize.

Overview

Awards can be given by any person or institution, although the prestige of an award usually depends on the status of the awarder. Usually, awards are given by an organization of some sort, or by the office of an official within an organization or government. For instance, a special presidential citation (as given by the President of the United States) is a public announcement giving an official place of honor (e.g., President Ronald Reagan gave a special presidential citation in 1984 to the Disney Channel for its excellent children's television programming.)

Award (disambiguation)

An award is a formal recognition.

Award also may refer to:

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Industrial award

An award is a ruling handed down by either Fair Work Australia or by a state industrial relations commission which grants all wage earners in one industry or occupation the same minimum conditions of employment and wages.

Federal awards in Australia have been stripped back in recent years in what they are allowed to contain in order to promote the Enterprise Bargaining Agreement system. Awards in Australia are part of the system of compulsory arbitration in industrial relations.

A similar system was also used in New Zealand prior to the 1987 Labour Relations Act. New Zealand no longer uses the award system, and the only form of collective bargaining is Collective Employment Agreements, which only apply to the particular unions and employers that negotiate them.

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