- published: 20 Oct 2012
- views: 60737
- author: MamaBarracuda
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- Africa
- Afrika Korps
- Ajdabiya
- Ajdabiya District
- Al Jawf, Libya
- Al Jazeera English
- Al Nasr Benghazi
- Al Wahat District
- Al-Ahly (Benghazi)
- Al-Berka
- Al-Funduq
- Al-Fuwayhat
- Al-Hadaa'iq
- Al-Hawari
- Al-Keesh
- Al-Khadhraa
- Al-Kwayfiya
- Al-Magroon
- Al-Magziha
- Al-Nawagiya
- Al-Quwarsha
- Al-Saahil al-Gharbi
- Al-Sabri
- Al-Salmani
- Al-Uruba
- Alahly Benghazi S.C.
- Alexandria
- Amphora
- Ancient Greece
- Apollonia, Cyrenaica
- Arab
- Arabic language
- Association football
- Australia
- Axis powers
- Bani Salim
- Bani Walid District
- Barca
- Barghathi
- Bayda, Libya
- BBC News
- Benetton Group
- Bengazi (film)
- Benghazi
- Benghazi al-Jadida
- Benghazi Cathedral
- Benina
- Benito Mussolini
- Berber people
- Berenice
- Berenice II
- Berenice II of Egypt
- Bernard Montgomery
- Bizerte
- Brak, Libya
- Bu Atni
- Bu-Fakhra
- Bubonic plague
- Business Insider
- Butnan District
- Canyon
- Cement
- Chalet
- Clay
- Condominium
- Construction
- Copt
- Crete
- Cyrenaica
- Cyrene, Libya
- Der Spiegel
- Derna District
- Derna, Libya
- Districts of Libya
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Egypt
- England
- Erwin Rommel
- Flag of Libya
- Free trade area
- French Air Force
- Gamal Abdel Nasser
- Garyounis
- Garyounis University
- Ghadames District
- Gharyan
- Gharyan District
- Ghat District
- Ghat, Libya
- Gimeenis
- Great Manmade River
- Greece
- Greek people
- Gulf of Sidra
- Gylippus
- H&M;
- Haaretz
- Hay al-Mukhtar
- Hesperides
- History of Benghazi
- Hizam Al Akhdar
- Huda Ben Amer
- Hun, Libya
- Idris I of Libya
- Idris of Libya
- Islam
- Italian language
- Italian people
- Italianate
- Italo Balbo
- Italy
- Jabal al Akhdar
- Jafara
- Jarrutha
- Jebel Akhdar, Libya
- Judo
- Jufra District
- Karamanli dynasty
- Karkoora
- Khoms, Libya
- Kingdom of Libya
- Kufra
- Kufra District
- Libya
- Libyan Arabic
- Libyan opposition
- London
- Lonely Planet
- Madinat Benghazi
- Magas of Cyrene
- Maghreb
- Maliki
- Maquis shrubland
- March 28 Stadium
- Marj
- Marj District
- Marsh
- Maydan al-Shajara
- Medina
- Medina quarter
- Mediterranean Sea
- Melbourne
- Microbus
- Misrata
- Misrata District
- Mizda District
- Modernist
- Moorish Revival
- Muammar Gaddafi
- Murqub District
- Murzuk
- Murzuq District
- Mustafa Abdul Jalil
- Nalut
- Nalut District
- Nike, Inc.
- Ninth grade
- Niqab
- Nuqat al Khams
- Oil industry
- Omar Mukhtar
- Operation Compass
- Operation Crusader
- Ottoman Empire
- Overpass
- Plateau
- Port of Benghazi
- Portal Geography
- Portal Libya
- Priest
- Processed food
- Ptolemy III of Egypt
- Pythian Games
- Quba District
- Raas Abayda
- Ring road
- Rovi Corporation
- Rugby sevens
- Russian Railways
- Sa'ada
- Sabha District
- Sabha, Libya
- Sadeq Naihoum
- Salafism
- Seattle
- Semi-arid climate
- Senussi
- Shabiyah
- Shuhadaa al-Salawi
- Sidi Abayd
- Sidi Hsayn
- Sidi Khalifa
- Silphium
- Sirocco
- Sirte
- Sirte District
- Skanska
- Souk
- Souq
- Steppe
- Suluq
- Sunni
- Taekwondo
- Talk Benghazi
- Textiles
- The Daily Telegraph
- The Economist
- The Guardian
- The Independent
- The Jerusalem Post
- The Kansas City Star
- The New York Times
- Thucydides
- Tibesti Hotel
- Time zone
- Tobruk
- Transport in Libya
- Tripoli
- Tripolitania
- Tunis
- Tunisia
- Tunisia Campaign
- Turkish language
- Ubari
- United Kingdom
- University of Libya
- Urban sprawl
- Victoria (Australia)
- Voice of Free Libya
- Washington (state)
- Wikipedia Cleanup
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Winnipeg Free Press
- World War II
- WP IPA for Arabic
- Yafran District
- Zawiya District
- Zawiya, Libya
- Zuwara
- ‘Aziziya
-
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire (/ækəˈmɛnɪˌdi/; Old Persian: Parsā, name of ruling dynasty: Haxāmanišiya) (c. 550–330 BCE), sometimes known as First Persian Empire, was an Iranian empire in Southwest Asia, founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation. It expanded to eventually rule over significant portions of the ancient world which at around 500 BCE stretched from the Indus Valley in the east, to Thrace and Macedon on the northeastern border of Greece making it the biggest empire the world had yet seen. The Achaemenid Empire would eventually control Egypt as well. It was ruled by a series of monarchs who unified its disparate tribes and nationalities by constructing a complex network of roads.
Calling themselves the Parsa after their original Aryan tribal name Parsua, Persians settled in a land which they named Parsua, bounded on the west by the Tigris River and on the south by the Persian Gulf. This became their heartland for the duration of the Achaemenid Empire. It was from this region that eventually Cyrus the Great (Cyrus II of Persia) would advance to defeat the Median, the Lydian, and the Babylonian Empires, opening the way for subsequent conquests into Egypt and Asia minor.
wn.com/Achaemenid_Empire -
Ajdabiya
Ajdabiya /ˌɑːdʒdəˈbiːə/ (Arabic: أجدابيا Ağdābiyā, Italian: Agedábia), previously known as Agedabia or Ajdabya, is a town in and capital of the Al Wahat District in northeastern Libya. It is some 150 kilometres (93 mi) south of Benghazi. From 2001 to 2007 it was part of and capital of the Ajdabiya District. The town is divided into three Basic People's Congresses: North Ajdabiya, West Ajdabiya and East Ajdabiya.
During the Libyan civil war, the city changed hands several times between rebels and pro-Gaddafi forces. Many civilians fled from the fighting, with one March 2011 report describing the city as a "ghost town." Libyan rebels appeared to have regained control indefinitely in late March after international airstrikes crippled Muammar Gaddafi's forces, in the first major turnaround for an uprising that a week earlier appeared on the verge of defeat.
Ajdabiya is situated in central northern Libya near the Mediterranean Sea coast at the eastern end of the Gulf of Sidra. It is located on an arid plain about 6.4 kilometres (4.0 mi) from the sea and is approximately 850 kilometres (530 mi) from the Libyan capital of Tripoli and 150 kilometres (93 mi) from Libya's second largest city, Benghazi. The city is the site of an important crossroads between the coastal road from Tripoli to Benghazi and inland routes south to the oasis at Jalu and east to Tobruk and the border with Egypt. Ajdabiya lies close to the Sabkhat Ghuzayyil a large dry region below sea level.
wn.com/Ajdabiya -
Ajdabiya District
Ajdabiya (Arabic: إجدابيا) was one of the districts of Libya. It lay in the northeastern part of the country. Its capital was Ajdabiya. As of 2007 it was subsumed within the enlarged Al Wahat District.
When Ajdabiya District was in existence from 2001 to 2007, it had, in the north, a short piece of coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it bordered the following districts:
Ajdabiya District was also in existence from 1987 to 1995 when it covered a larger area, including all of the 2001-2007 Al Wahat District, and some additional area to the south.
Ajdabiya, Al Hiri, Labba, Mawahi, El Agheila, Shawashina, Shurraf, Awjila, Zuwetina, Brega, Jalu, Jikharra, Marada, Masliwa, Qaryat Bishr, Rashida, Sultan
Coordinates: 30°45′N 20°13′E / 30.75°N 20.217°E / 30.75; 20.217
wn.com/Ajdabiya_District -
Al Wahat District
Al Wahat (Arabic: الواحات Al Wāḥāt, English: The Oases), occasionally spelt Al Wahad or Al Wahah (English: The Oasis) is one of the districts of Libya. Its capital and largest city is Ajdabiya.
Traditionally Al Wahat was the western part of Cyrenaica. With the division of Libya into ten governorates in 1963, Al Wahat became part of the Misrata Governorate. In the 1973 reorganization it became part of Al Khalji Governorate. In 1983 Al Khalji was divided into a number of baladiyat (districts), with what is now Al Wahat being included in the Ajdabiya baladiyah and the Jalu baladiyah. In the 1988 reorganization, Jalu was subsumed within Ajdabiya baladiyah.
The status of this area in the reorganization of 1995 which created thirteen districts is unclear; however, in the 1998 reorganization into twenty-six districts, the name "Al-Wahad" appears as a district for the first time. In 2001 the area was divided between Al Wahat District and Ajdabiya District. In 2007 the former Al Wahat district (area:108,670 km2) was enlarged to include what had been the Ajdabiya District and part of Kufra District. It now has essentially the boundaries that the baladiyah (district) of Ajdabiya did from 1988 to 1995.
wn.com/Al_Wahat_District -
Alexandria
Alexandria (Arabic: الإسكندرية Al Iskandariyya, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ Rakotə, Greek: Αλεξάνδρεια Alexándria, Koine Greek: Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ κατ' Αἴγυπτον IPA: [ɑlɛˈksɑndɾiɑ e kɑt ˈɛʝypton] "Alexandria in Egypt", Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه [eskendeˈrejːæ]) is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. Alexandria is also an important tourist resort. It is home to the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (the new Library of Alexandria). It is an important industrial centre because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez.
Alexandria was founded around a small pharaonic town c. 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It remained Egypt's capital for nearly a thousand years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (Fustat was later absorbed into Cairo). Alexandria was known because of its Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its library (the largest library in the ancient world); and the Catacombs of Kom el Shoqafa, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
wn.com/Alexandria -
Australia
Australia (
/əˈstreɪljə/), officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries include Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east.
For at least 40,000 years before European settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who belonged to one or more of roughly 250 language groups. After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established.
wn.com/Australia -
Bani Walid District
Bani Walid or Ben Walid, prior to 2007, was one of the districts of Libya. In the 2007 administrative reorganization the territory formerly in Bani Walid District was transferred to Misrata District.
Bani Walid bordered the following districts:
Coordinates: 31°20′N 14°35′E / 31.333°N 14.583°E / 31.333; 14.583
wn.com/Bani_Walid_District -
Barca
Barce (sometimes Barca) (Greek: Βάρκη, Arabic: برقة, Berber: Berqa) was an ancient Greek colony and later Roman, Byzantine, city in North Africa. It occupied the coastal area of what is modern day Libya. As a Greek city it was part of the Cyrenaican Pentapolis along with the city of Cyrene itself.
According to most archeologists, it was situated at Marj, but according to Alexander Graham at Tolmeitha (Ptolemais).
The city's name, Arabized as Barqah, came to refer to the former state and province of Cyrenaica.
Barkē was founded by Greek colonists in the 7th century BC.
Early Christianity spread to the Pentapolis of North Africa from Egypt. Synesius of Cyrene (370–414), bishop of Ptolemais, received his instruction at Alexandria in both the Catechetical School and the Museion, and he entertained a great deal of reverence and affection for Hypatia, the last pagan Neoplatonists, whose classes he had attended. Synesius was raised to the episcopate by Theophilus, patriarch of Alexandria, in 410 A.D. Since the Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D., Cyrenaica had been recognized as an ecclesiastical province of the See of Alexandria, in accordance with the ruling of the Nicaean Fathers. The patriarch of the Coptic Church to his day includes the Pentapolis in his title as an area within his jurisdiction.
wn.com/Barca -
Benghazi
Benghazi (/bɛnˈɡɑːzi/; Arabic: بنغازيBinġāzī, Libyan Arabic: [bənˈʁɑːzi] (
listen), Italian: Bengasi; Turkish: Bingazi; also: Bengasi,Benghasi,Banghāzī,Binghāzī,Bengazi,Βερενίκη Berenice and Hesperides) is the second largest city in Libya, the main city (or capital) of the Cyrenaica region (or ex-Province), and the former provisional capital of the National Transitional Council. The wider metropolitan area (which includes the southern towns of Gimeenis and Suluq) is also a district of Libya. The port city is located on the Mediterranean Sea.
During the Kingdom era of Libya's history, Benghazi enjoyed a sort of joint-capital status (alongside Tripoli), possibly because the King used to reside in the nearby city of Bayda and the Senussis (royal family) in general were associated with Cyrenaica rather than Tripolitania. Benghazi continues to hold institutions and organizations normally associated with a national capital city. This creates a constant atmosphere of rivalry and sensitivities between Benghazi and Tripoli and by extension between the two regions (Cyrenaica and Tripolitania). The population of the entire district was 500,120 in 1995 (census) and has increased to 670,797 in the 2006 census.
wn.com/Benghazi -
Benghazi Cathedral
Benghazi Cathedral was a Roman Catholic cathedral in the city of Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the city center and is currently disused and undergoing renovation work.
Benghazi Cathedral was built between 1929 and 1939, and was one of the largest churches in North Africa. The building was later used as a headquarters for the Arab Socialist Union.
It later became vacant and derelict. As of 2009, the cathedral and its entire site are currently under renovation by an Italian company.
The building is a good example of neo-classical architecture, and was designed by Italian architects Guido Ottavo and Cabiati Ferrazza. The cathedral's architecture is based on that of a basilica. The entrance has a portico with six Doric columns. Its two characteristic domes cover both spans of the nave, while a series of oculi provide the cathedral's lighting. The building is heavily inspired by Italian religious architecture. Original plans show that the cathedral was not completed as planned; the drawings included a three story bell tower which was never built. It is nevertheless one of the largest churches in North Africa.
wn.com/Benghazi_Cathedral -
Benina
Benina is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.It contains the Benina International Airport.
wn.com/Benina -
Bizerte
Bizerte or Benzert (Arabic: بنزرت Binzart, Berber: Benzert, Italian: Biserta), is the capital city of Bizerte Governorate in Tunisia and the northernmost city in Africa. It has a population of 230,879 (2009 census).
Bizerte is known as the oldest and most European city in Tunisia. It was founded around 1000 BC by Phoenicians from Tyre. It is also known as the last town to remain under French control after the rest of the country won its independence from France.
Initially a small Phoenician harbour, the city came under the influence of Carthage after the defeat of Agathocles during the Punic Wars. The city was then occupied by the Romans, under the name of Hippo Diarrhytus or Hippo Zarrytus.
Bizerte was successively conquered by the Arabs in 647 (who gave the city its current name), by the troops of Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire in 1535, and then by the Turks in 1574. The city then became a corsair harbour and struggled against the French and the Venetians.
With the occupation of Tunisia in 1881, France gained control of Bizerte and built a large naval harbour in the city.
wn.com/Bizerte -
Bu Atni
Bu Atni is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Bu_Atni -
Butnan District
Butnan (Arabic: البطنان Al Buṭnān) sometimes called Tubruq District or Tobruk District from the former name, occasionally Marmarica, is an administrative district (shabiyah) in eastern Libya. Its capital city is Tobruk.
In the north, Butnan has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. To the east, it borders Egypt's Matruh Governorate, along with a small border on the Al Wadi al Jadid Governorate in the far southeast. Domestically, it borders the following districts:
The most important settlements are Tobruk, Jaghbub and Bardia
Traditionally part of Marmarica, and later part of the province of Cyrenaica in Italian Libya, with the division of Libya into ten governorates in 1963, Al Butnan became part of the Darnah Governorate. In 1983 the Darnah Governorate was divided into a number of baladiyat (districts), with what is now Butnan being included in the Tobruk baladiyah and others. Butnan District was created in 1988 as one of the twenty-five reorganized baladiyat. In 1995, Butnan was one of the thirteen new shabiyah, and Butnan retained its status through the reorganizations of 1998, 2001 and 2007.
wn.com/Butnan_District -
Crete
Crete (Greek: Κρήτη; [kriti]) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the fifth-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece. It forms a significant part of the economy and cultural heritage of Greece while retaining its own local cultural traits (such as its own dialect, poetry, and music). Crete was the centre of the Minoan civilization (c. 2700–1420 BC), the earliest civilization in Europe, comprising the first palaces in Europe.
The island is first referred to as Kaptara in texts from the Syrian city of Mari dating from the 18th century BC, repeated later in Neo-Assyrian records and the Bible (Caphtor). It was also known in ancient Egyptian as Keftiu, strongly suggesting some form similar to both was the Minoan name for the island.
The Mycenaean Greek name for Crete is unknown; it is not mentioned in extant Linear B texts. The name Crete (Κρήτη) first appears in Homer's Odyssey. Its etymology is unknown. One speculative proposal derives it from a hypothetical Luvian word *kursatta (cf. kursawar "island", kursattar "cutting, sliver"). In Latin, it became Creta.
wn.com/Crete -
Cyrenaica
Cyrenaica ( /saɪrɨˈneɪ.ɨkə/ SY-rə-NAY-ə-kə; Ancient Greek: Κυρηναϊκή, after the city of Cyrene; Arabic: برقة Barqah; Berber: Berqa) is the historical name of the eastern region in Libya, which self-declared autonomy. In a tribal meeting the National Federal Bloc party declared Cyrenaica as self-autonomous region, but no actual authority has been observed on the ground, as the National Transitional Council still the defacto authority in all of Libya. Also known as Pentapolis in antiquity, it was part of the Creta et Cyrenaica province during the Roman period, later divided in Libia Pentapolis and Libia Sicca. During the Islamic period, the area came to be known as Barqa, after the city of Barca.
Cyrenaica was the name of an administrative division of Italian Libya from 1927 through 1943, then under British military and civil administration from 1943 through 1951, and finally in the Kingdom of Libya from 1951 through 1963. In a wider sense, which is still used, Cyrenaica is composed of all of the eastern part of Libya, including the Kufra District. Cyrenaica is adjacent to Tripolitania in the northwest and Fezzan in the southwest. The region that used to be Cyrenaica officially through 1963 is now divided up into several shabiyat, the administrative divisions of Libya.
wn.com/Cyrenaica -
Derna District
Derna (Arabic: درنة Darnah) is one of the districts of Libya. It is in the northeast of the country, in the historical region of Cyrenaica. Its capital is Derna. In 2007 the district was enlarged to include what had been the Al Qubah District.
In the north, Derna has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders the following districts:
From 1998 to 2007, Derna District was smaller, including an area of 4,908 km2 (see map), and bordered the following districts:
Coordinates: 32°30′N 22°40′E / 32.5°N 22.667°E / 32.5; 22.667
wn.com/Derna_District -
Egypt
Egypt
i/ˈiːdʒɪpt/ (Arabic: مصر, Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: [mɑsˤɾ] ; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, Kīmi ; Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲏⲙⲉ, Kēme), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: جمهوريّة مصر العربيّة (help·info), is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Covering an area of about 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi), Egypt is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west.
Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East. The great majority of its over 81 million people live near the banks of the Nile River, in an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large areas of the Sahara Desert are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
wn.com/Egypt -
England
Englandi/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
wn.com/England -
Garyounis
Garyounis is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Garyounis -
Ghadames District
Ghadames or Ghadamis (Arabic: غدامس, Libyan vernacular: ġdāməs) was a districts of Libya until 2007. Its territory is now part of Nalut District. It was in the northwest of the country with its capital at Ghadames.
To the west, Ghadamis bordered the following regions of Tunisia and Algeria:
Domestically, it bordered the following districts:
Coordinates: 30°08′N 9°30′E / 30.133°N 9.5°E / 30.133; 9.5
wn.com/Ghadames_District -
Gharyan
Gharyan (Arabic: غريان) is a town in northwestern Libya, in Jabal al Gharbi District. Prior to 2007 it was the administrative seat of Gharyan District. Gharyan is one of the largest towns in the Nafusa Mountains, an area populated primarily by Berbers.
Gharyan was on the trade routes both south to Fezzan and over the Nafusa Mountains. By 1884 the Ottomans had established a mayor and town council in Gharyan.
It was considered the center of Libyan resistance against the Italian invasion in the early 20th century. Many famous Libyan figures during the Italian invasion were from Gharyan such as Asharif Alghyriany.[citation needed]
In 2011 the town became involved in the nationwide anti-Gaddafi uprising. Initially successful, as of 2 March government forces retook it.
In April rebels succeeded in occupying several nearby towns and establishing a second territory in Western Libya besides Misrata that is no longer under the control of the Gaddafi forces, but as of late June the rebels had still failed to take Gharyan. On 13 August 2011, the rebel forces in Libya initiated a new battle for control of the city and were in control within two days.
wn.com/Gharyan -
Gharyan District
Gharyan District or Garian District (Arabic: شعبية غريان) was one of the districts of Libya. It was located in the northwest part of the country and its capital was Gharyan. Under the 2007 reorganization of districts, it became part of Jabal al Gharbi District.
Gharyan District was governed by a district congress which had ten committees that conducted day-to-day management and oversight. Those committees were: Marine resources; Manpower, Employment and Training; Planning; Justice; Economy and Trade; Tourism; Public Security; Agriculture and Livestock; Industry, Mines and Energy; and Housing and Utilities.
Prior to 2007 Gharyan bordered the following districts:
The World War II "Lady_of_Gharyan" portrait is located in an abandoned Italian army barracks, just west Gharyan, off a primitive road to the south.
Coordinates: 32°10′N 13°01′E / 32.167°N 13.017°E / 32.167; 13.017
wn.com/Gharyan_District -
Ghat District
Ghat (Arabic: غات Ġāt) is one of the districts of Libya. Its capital is Ghat.
To the west, Ghat borders two provinces of Algeria: Tamanghasset in the far southwest, and Illizi Province otherwise. It also has a short border with the Agadez Department of Niger in the far south. Domestically, it borders the following districts:
Coordinates: 25°20′N 11°00′E / 25.333°N 11°E / 25.333; 11
wn.com/Ghat_District -
Gimeenis
Gimeenis is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Gimeenis -
Great Manmade River
The Great Man-Made River (GMR, النهر الصناعي العظيم) is a network of pipes that supplies water from the Sahara Desert in Libya, from the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System fossil aquifer. It is the world's largest irrigation project.
According to its website, it is the largest underground network of pipes (2820 km) and aqueducts in the world. It consists of more than 1,300 wells, most more than 500 m deep, and supplies 6,500,000 m3 of fresh water per day to the cities of Tripoli, Benghazi, Sirte and elsewhere. The late Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi described it as the "Eighth Wonder of the World."
In 1953, efforts to find oil in southern Libya led to the discovery of large quantities of fresh water underground. The Great Man-made River Project (GMRP) was conceived in the late 1960s and work on the project began in 1984. The project's construction was divided into five phases. The first phase required 85 million m³ of excavation and was inaugurated on 28 August 1991. The second phase (dubbed First water to Tripoli) was inaugurated on 1 September 1996.
wn.com/Great_Manmade_River -
Greece
Greecei/ˈɡriːs/ (Greek: Ελλάδα, Ellada, IPA: [eˈlaða] ( listen) historically in Katharevousa and Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellas, IPA: [eˈlas] and [helːás] respectively), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Elliniki Dimokratia, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in Southern Europe, politically considered part of Western Europe.Athens is the capital and the largest city in the country (its urban area also including Piraeus). The population of the country is around 11 million.
Greece has land borders with Albania, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the east. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of mainland Greece, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands (approximately 1,400, of which 227 are inhabited), including Crete, the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, and the Ionian Islands among others. Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains, of which Mount Olympus is the highest at 2,917 m (9,570 ft).
wn.com/Greece -
Gulf of Sidra
Gulf of Sidra is a body of water in the Mediterranean Sea on the northern coast of Libya; it is also known as Gulf of Sirte or the Great Sirte or Greater Syrtis (Latin Syrtis Major, Greek Σύρτις μεγάλη, contrasting with Syrtis Minor in Tunisia).
The Gulf of Sidra has been a major centre for tuna fishing in the Mediterranean for centuries. It gives its name to the city of Sirte situated on its western side.
The gulf measures 439 kilometres (273 mi) from the promontory of Boreum (now Ras Teyonas) on the East side to the promontory of Cephalae (Ras Kasr Hamet) on the West. The greatest extension of the gulf inland is 177 kilometres (110 mi) land inward and occupies an area of 57,000 square kilometers.
After the coup d'état which brought Muammar Gaddafi to power in 1969, there have been a number of international incidents concerning territorial claims of the Gaddafi regime over the waters of the Gulf of Sidra.
In 1973, Gaddafi claimed much of the Gulf of Sidra to be within Libyan internal waters by drawing a straight line at 32 degrees, 30 minutes north between a point near Benghazi and the western headland of the gulf at Misrata with an exclusive 62 nautical miles (115 km) fishing zone. Gaddafi declared it The Line of Death, the crossing of which would invite a military response. The US claimed its rights to conduct naval operations in international waters, the nowadays standard of 12-mile (19 km) territorial limit from a country's shore as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Gaddafi claimed it to be a territorial sea, not just a coastal area. In response the United States authorized Naval exercises in the Gulf of Sidra to conduct Freedom of Navigation (FON) operations. On several occasions Libyan fighter planes harassed United States military planes maneuvering in the area.
wn.com/Gulf_of_Sidra -
Italy
Italyi/ˈɪtəli/ (Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic or the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in south-central Europe. To the north, it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia along the Alps. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula, Sicily, Sardinia–the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea–and many other smaller islands. The independent states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. The territory of Italy covers some 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 60.6 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe, and the 23rd most populous in the world.
Rome, the capital of Italy, was for centuries a political and religious centre of Western civilisation as the capital of the Roman Empire and site of the Holy See. After the decline of the Roman Empire, Italy endured numerous invasions by foreign peoples, from Germanic tribes such as the Lombards and Ostrogoths, to the Byzantines and later, the Normans, among others. Centuries later, Italy became the birthplace of Maritime republics and the Renaissance, an immensely fruitful intellectual movement that would prove to be integral in shaping the subsequent course of European thought.
wn.com/Italy -
Jabal al Akhdar
Jabal al Akhdar (Arabic: الجبل الأخضر Al Ǧabal al 'Aḫḍar, English: Green Mountains), also known as Jebel el-Akhdar, is one of the districts of Libya. It lies in the north east of the country. The capital is Bayda.
In its territory, close to the city of Shahhat, can be found the remains of the old Greek colony of Cyrene, and the neighbouring city of Apollonia, a major port in the Mediterranean Sea in antiquity.
In its southern part is the fertile upland area of Jebel Akhdar. North of this is a dry, sub-desert area between the uplands and the Mediterranean on its northern edge. On land, it borders the following districts:
Coordinates: 30°46′00″N 21°44′00″E / 30.7667°N 21.7333°E / 30.7667; 21.7333
wn.com/Jabal_al_Akhdar -
Jafara
Jafara or Al Jfara (Arabic: الجفارة Al Jifārah) is one of the districts of Libya, in the historical region of Tripolitania. Its capital and largest city is 'Aziziya.
Jafara borders the following districts:
From 2001 to 2007, Jafara District consisted of twenty Basic People's Congresses (BPCs). In 2007 it was enlarged by the addition of four BPCs from Tarabulus District (Tripoli), and presently consists of twenty-four Basic People's Congresses.
Coordinates: 32°09′N 13°00′E / 32.15°N 13°E / 32.15; 13
wn.com/Jafara -
Jarrutha
Jarrutha is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Jarrutha -
Jufra District
Jufra or Jofra (Arabic: الجفرة Al Jufrah) is one of the districts of Libya. It is in the centre of the country. Its capital is Hun.
Jufra was originally one of the 25 baladiya in the administrative sistem of Libya established in 1988. In 2001 It became a Shabiya, and its territorial extension was reduced. In 2007, under the new 22-shabiya system, its original boundaries were reintroduced (see maps).
Jufra borders the following districts:
Coordinates: 28°N 17°E / 28°N 17°E / 28; 17
wn.com/Jufra_District -
Karkoora
Karkoora is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Karkoora -
Kingdom of Libya
The Kingdom of Libya, (Arabic: المملكة الليبية, literally, the Libyan Kingdom Italian: Regno di Libia) originally called the United Libyan Kingdom came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 and lasted until a coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi on 1 September 1969 overthrew King Idris of Libya and established the Libyan Arab Republic.
Under the constitution of October 1951, the federal monarchy of Libya was headed by King Idris as chief of state, with succession to his designated heirs. Substantial political power resided with the king. The executive arm of the government consisted of a prime minister and Council of Ministers designated by the king but also responsible to the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of a bicameral legislature. The Senate, or upper house, consisted of eight representatives from each of the three provinces. Half of the senators were nominated by the king, who also had the right to veto legislation and to dissolve the lower house. Local autonomy in the provinces was exercised through provincial governments and legislatures. Tripoli and Benghazi served alternately as the national capital.
wn.com/Kingdom_of_Libya -
Kufra
Kufra /ˈkuːfrə/ is a basin and oasis group in the Kufra District of southeastern Cyrenaica in Libya. At the end of nineteenth century Kufra became the center and holy place of the Senussi order. It also played a minor role in the Western Desert Campaign of World War II.
It is located in a particularly isolated area, not only because it is in the middle of the Sahara Desert but also because it is surrounded on three sides by depressions which makes it dominate the passage in east-west land traffic across the desert. For the colonial Italians, it was also important as a station on the north-south air traffic to Italian East Africa. These factors, along with Kufra's dominance of the southeastern Cyrenaica region of Libya, explains the oasis' strategic importance and why it was a point of conflict during World War II.
The word Kufra comes from the Arabic word kafir, the Arabic term for non-Muslims (often translated as "infidels", literally "those who conceal [the truth]") with reference to the Toubou people native to the region.
wn.com/Kufra -
Kufra District
Kufra or Kofra (Arabic: الكفرة Al Kufra), also spelled Cufra, is the largest district of Libya. Its capital is Al Jawf, one of the oases in Kufra basin. There is a very large oil refinery near the capital. In the late 15th century, Leo Africanus reported an oasis in the land of the Berdoa, visited by a caravan coming from Awjila. It is possible that this oasis was identical with either the Al Jawf or the Taiserbo oasis, and on early modern maps, the Al Kufra region was often labelled as Berdoa based on this report. The name Kufra itself is a derivation from kafir, the Arabic term for non-Muslims. Kufra did not fall under the dominion of either the Arabs or the Ottomans and was colonized by Arab Bedouin tribe of the Zuwayya only in the mid 19th century, and eventually by the Italians by the 1930s.
Following the 2011 civil war, the area is reported to be under control of the Libyan opposition, but on 28 April 2011 forces loyal to Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi seized the southeastern city of Kufra.
wn.com/Kufra_District -
Libya
Libya (Arabic: ليبيا Lībyā), Berber: ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ) is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
With an area of almost 1.8 million square kilometres (700,000 sq mi), Libya is the third largest country in Africa by area, and the 17th largest in the world. The largest city, Tripoli, is home to 1.7 million of Libya's 6.4 million people. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica.
In 2009 Libya had the highest HDI in Africa and the fourth highest GDP (PPP) per capita in Africa, behind Seychelles, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world and the 17th-highest petroleum production.
As a result of the Libyan civil war, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, which had at that time been in existence for 34 years, collapsed and Libya entered a period of governance by a transitional administration called the National Transitional Council. The NTC has stated its intention to oversee the first phase of a transition to constitutional democracy, after which it claims it will dissolve in favor of a representative legislature.
wn.com/Libya -
London
Londoni/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City and has the fifth-largest city GDP in the world (and the largest in Europe). London has been described as a world cultural capital. It was the world's most visited city during 2011 and London Heathrow is the world's busiest airport by number of international passengers. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe. In 2012 London will become the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.
wn.com/London -
Madinat Benghazi
Madinat Benghazi is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Madinat_Benghazi -
March 28 Stadium
March 28 Stadium (Arabic: ملعب 28 مارس) is a multi-purpose stadium in Benghazi, Libya. It is a part of Benghazi Sports City. It was used mostly for football matches and it also has athletics facilities. The stadium holds 65,000. The stadium is sometimes used by the Libya national football team although it is not as popular a choice as the capital's June 11 Stadium.
The name of the stadium commemorates 28 March, in which British Forces were asked to relinquish their military base rights in Libya and leave the country.
Along with June 11 Stadium in Tripoli, the 28 March Stadium hosted many games, including a semi-final, of the 1982 African Cup of Nations held in Libya.
As of 2013, the stadium will be closed, and demolition work will begin for the construction of a new stadium. The new stadium will be a 85,000 all seater stadium. Thomas Phifer and Partners, a New York based architectural firm won the international competition for the design of the stadium. The construction work is part of a general restructuring of the entire Medina al-Riyadhia (Sports City) site or what is about to be called " The Wanis Arena" in the honour of the Libyan Multi Millionaire owner Musbah Wanis for saving the Club from all there debts, in which another all seater stadium will be built. Construction work is expected to finished in time for Libya's hosting of the 2017 African Cup of Nations. Whilst construction has been taking place, Libya's football clubs have been using the Martyrs of February Stadium.
wn.com/March_28_Stadium -
Marj
Marj /ˈmɑrdʒ/ (Arabic: المرج Al Marǧ, English: The Meadows), also spelt El Merj, formerly Barca or Barce, is a city in north eastern Libya and the administrative seat of the Marj District. It lies in an upland valley separated from the Mediterranean Sea by a range of hills, part of the Jebel Akhdar Mountains.
It has an estimated population of 85,315 (As of 2004[update]). There are a couple of banks on the main street and the main post office is in the centre of town, not far from the Abu Bakr Assiddiq mosque.
Marj was the site of the 7th-century-BCE Greek colony of Barce. It was captured by the Persians in 512 BCE, and was annexed by the Ptolemies following Alexander the Great's death in 323 BCE. It was taken by the Arabs under 'Amr ibn al-'As in 641 CE.
In the 1800s, the town grew around a Turkish fort built in 1842 and now restored. The Italians developed the town (1913–41) as an administrative and market centre and hill resort.
Marj was the capital of British occupied Cyrenaica from 1942-1943.
wn.com/Marj -
Marj District
Marj (Arabic: المرج Al Marǧ, English: The Meadows) is an administrative division (shabiyah or district) of northeastern Libya, lying on the Mediterranean Sea coast. Its administrative seat is the city of Marj, which was formerly known as Barca. Marj is situated on the Cyrenaica Plateau at the western edge of the Jebel Akhdar. In the 2007 administrative reorganization part of the territory formerly in Al Hizam al Akhdar District was transferred to Al Marj.
In the north, Marj has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea.
On land, it borders the following districts:
Coordinates: 32°30′N 20°50′E / 32.5°N 20.833°E / 32.5; 20.833
wn.com/Marj_District -
Medina
Medina (/mɛˈdiːnə/; Arabic: اَلْمَدِينَة اَلْمَنَوَّرَة, al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, “the radiant city” (officially), or اَلْمَدِينَة al-Madīnah; also transliterated as Madinah, or madinat al-nabi "the city of the prophet") is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia, and serves as the capital of the Al Madinah Province. It is the second holiest city in Islam, and the burial place of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. Medina is historically significant for being Muhammad's home after the Hijrah. Before the advent of Islam, the city was known as Yathrib, but was personally renamed by Muhammad.
Medina is home to the three oldest mosques in Islam, namely Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (The Prophet's Mosque), Quba Mosque (the first mosque in Islam's history), and Masjid al-Qiblatain (the mosque where the qibla was switched to Mecca).
Because of the Saudi government's religious policy and concern that historic sites could become the focus for idolatry, much of Medina's Islamic physical heritage has been destroyed since the beginning of Saudi rule.[citation needed]
wn.com/Medina -
Melbourne
Melbourne ([ˈmelbən, -bn̩, ˈmæl-],rhotically /ˈmɛlbərn/) is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2010, the greater geographical area had an approximate population of four million. Inhabitants of Melbourne are called Melburnians or Melbournians.
The metropolis is located on the large natural bay known as Port Phillip, with the city centre positioned at the estuary of the Yarra River (at the northernmost point of the bay). The metropolitan area then extends south from the city centre, along the eastern and western shorelines of Port Phillip, and expands into the hinterland. The city centre is situated in the municipality known as the City of Melbourne, and the metropolitan area consists of a further 30 municipalities.
Melbourne was founded in 1835 (47 years after the European settlement of Australia) by settlers from Launceston in Van Diemen's Land. It was named by governor Richard Bourke in 1837, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb—the 2nd Viscount Melbourne. Melbourne was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847. In 1851, it became the capital city of the newly created colony of Victoria. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it then served as the interim seat of government of the newly created nation of Australia until 1927.
wn.com/Melbourne -
Misrata
Misrata /mɪzˈrɑːtə/ (Arabic: مصراتة Mişrātah, Libyan Arabic: IPA: [məsˤˈrˤɑːtæ]), also spelled Misurata or Misratah, is a city in the Misrata District in northwestern Libya, situated 187 km (116 mi) to the east of Tripoli and 825 km (513 mi) west of Benghazi on the Mediterranean coast near Cape Misrata.
With a population of just over 281,000, Misrata is the third largest city in Libya, after Tripoli and Benghazi. It is the capital city of the Misrata District and has been called the business capital of Libya. The harbor is at Qasr Ahmad.
The meaning of the name Misrata is not well documented.
Modern Misrata was established around the 7th-century during the beginning of modern Libya's rule by the Islamic Caliphate. It had been a major caravan center named "Thubaqt." Some contemporary sources claim the town existed prior to Islamic rule, during the Roman Empire era and that its initial Arabic name derived from its Roman name "Thubactis." D. J. Mattingly, author of Tripoltania, a comprehensive reference book on northwestern Libya, stated that identification of Misrata as the ancient "Thubactis" is particularly problematic, complicated and "defies an easy answer." Nonetheless the Roman town was located at some point on the oasis upon which the modern city sits. The two common identifications are at the eastern and western anchorages of modern Misrata or south and inland of the city, respectively. The Roman town was recorded as one of the six municipia (small cities) of the Tripolitania province, a rank below coloniae (major cities.)
wn.com/Misrata -
Misrata District
Misrata (Arabic: مصراته Mişrātah, Libyan Arabic: Məşrātah), also spelt Misurata or Misratah, is a sha'biyah (district) in northwestern Libya. Its capital is the city of Misrata.
In 2007 the district was enlarged to include what had been the Bani Walid District and the northernmost strip of coast of the Gulf of Sidra, that from 2001 to 2007 had been part of Sirte District.
In the north and east, Misrata has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders the following districts:
Coordinates: 31°30′N 14°30′E / 31.5°N 14.5°E / 31.5; 14.5
wn.com/Misrata_District -
Mizda District
Mizda was one of the districts of Libya. In the 2007 reorganization of Libyan districts its territory became part of Jabal al Gharbi District.
Prior to 2007 Mizdah bordered the following districts:
At the time Mizda bordered more districts than any other Libyan district.
The following are important settlements in the former Mizda District:
Coordinates: 31°26′N 12°59′E / 31.433°N 12.983°E / 31.433; 12.983
wn.com/Mizda_District -
Murqub District
Murqub (Arabic: المرقب Al Murqub), sometimes spelt Al Murgub or Al Marqab or al-Morqib, is one of the districts of Libya. According to the 2006 census, the population was 432,202. The main city and capital is Khoms. The widely visited UNESCO World Heritage Site of Leptis Magna is also located in the district.
In the north, Murqub has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders the following districts:
In 2007 the district was enlarged to include twenty-six Basic People's Congresses (townships) of what had been the Tarhuna wa Msalata District.
Coordinates: 32°39′N 14°16′E / 32.65°N 14.267°E / 32.65; 14.267
wn.com/Murqub_District -
Murzuk
Murzuk or Murzuq (Arabic: مرزق) is an oasis town and the capital of the Murzuq District in the Fezzan region of southwest Libya. Murzuk lies on the northern edge of the Murzuq Desert, a desert of ergs or great sand dunes, and section of the Sahara Desert.
Murzuk developed around the oasis, a stop on the north-south trade route across the Sahara. In 1310 a major fort, now in ruins, was built and the Ottoman Empire capital town of Fezzan prospered for six hundred years. The town had a major fort, and was termed the "Paris of the Sahara". It was occupied by the Ottomans in 1578 and served as the capital of Fezzan off and on. Although the Ottomans frequently had a garrison there control was under the Sultan of Fezzan.
In the early nineteenth century, Murzuk served as a jumping off point for multiple British expeditions to find Lake Chad and the legendary Timbuktu. Explorers such as the 1822 Denham, Oudney and Clapperton expedition went from Tripoli to this city where they attempted to get both protection and supplies for the trip south. Murzuk was considered unhealthy by many British explorers and led to illness for many, killing some and forcing others back to Tripoli.[citation needed]
wn.com/Murzuk -
Murzuq District
Murzuq (Arabic: مرزق Murzuq) is one of the districts of Libya. It is in the south of the country. Its capital is Murzuk. The city was occupied by the Ottoman Empire in 1578 and served as the capital of Fezzan off and on until the Ottomans ceded Libya to Italy in 1912. It was not occupied by the Italians until 1914.
To the southeast, Murzuq borders the Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Region of Chad, and to the southwest it borders the Agadez Department of Niger. The border crossing to Niger is at Tumu. Domestically, it borders the following districts:
The border between Murzuq and Jufra districts was modified after 2007 administrative reorganization of Libyan Districts.
Among the towns in Murzuq District are:
Coordinates: 25°54′N 13°54′E / 25.9°N 13.9°E / 25.9; 13.9
wn.com/Murzuq_District -
Nalut
Nalut (sometimes Lalút) (Arabic: نالوت) is the capital of the Nalut District in Libya and is home to a Berber granary and community.
Nalut lies approximately half way between Tripoli and Ghadames, at the western end of the Nafusa Mountains coastal range, in the Tripolitania region.
Nalut is home to the Ksar Nalut, Nalut's oldest ksour, and the Alal'a Mosque (Nalut's oldest), which was rebuilt in 1312 CE.
A monument to Muammar Gaddafi's Green Book in the town square was demolished during the Libyan civil war.[citation needed]
In late April 2011, "Radio Free Nalut" began broadcasting in the city. It was one of several rebel-controlled radio stations established during the civil war and conducted broadcasts in Berber.
wn.com/Nalut -
Nalut District
Nalut (Arabic: نالوت Nālūt, Berber: Nalut Lalūt, is one of the districts of Libya. Its capital is the city of Nalut. The second most notable city is Ghadames.
To the north and west, Nalut district borders Tunisia (Medenine and Tataouine Governatorates) and Algeria. Domestically, it borders the following districts:
In 2007, Nalut District was enlarged to include what had been the Ghadames District, while the eastern part of former Nalut was moved to Jabal al Gharbi.
Coordinates: 31°50′00″N 11°20′00″E / 31.8333333333°N 11.3333333333°E / 31.8333333333; 11.3333333333
wn.com/Nalut_District -
Nuqat al Khams
Nuqat al Khams (Arabic: النقاط الخمس Nuqāṭ al Ḫams) is one of the districts of Libya. It is in the northwest of the country, in what had been the historical region of Tripolitania. Its capital is Zuwara.
With the creation of the shabiyah system, Nuqat al Khams was reduced in size.
In the north, Nuqat al Khams has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. To the west, it borders the Medenine Governorate of Tunisia. Domestically, it borders the following districts:
Coordinates: 32°35′41″N 11°53′41″E / 32.59472°N 11.89472°E / 32.59472; 11.89472
wn.com/Nuqat_al_Khams -
Port of Benghazi
The Port of Benghazi is a major seaport in the city of Benghazi, Libya, on the Mediterranean Sea coast within the Gulf of Sidra.
A natural seaport, it was founded as Euesperides by the ancient Greeks of Cyrenaica in the 6th Century BC. After passing it to the Egyptian pharaoh Ptolemy III, it was renamed Berenice to honor his wife. The city’s current name honors benefactor Ghazi.
From the third century onwards, it surpassed Barce and Cyrene as the region’s main center. Under the Kings of Libya, it was a joint capital with Tripoli, resulting today in state level institutions being located in the second city. This resulted in a rivalry, which being located in different tribal districts, was only intensified.
Following a slow period of decline, it was redeveloped after occupation by the Italians in 1912, until the start of the World War II Western Desert Campaign from 1942. This resulted in it becoming a hub in the eastern part of the Italian Libya Railways, connecting it inland to Soluch and Barce. The port was subject to heavy damage in World War 2, as it moved between Axis and Allied control five times. The British Army finally took the Port of Benghazi in 1942, during the Battle of El Agheila.
wn.com/Port_of_Benghazi -
Pythian Games
The Pythian Games (Delphic Games) were one of the four Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece, a forerunner of the modern Olympic Games, held every four years at the sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi.
They were held in honour of Apollo two years after (and two years before) each Olympic Games, and between each Nemean and Isthmian Games. They were founded sometime in the 6th century BCE, and, unlike the Olympic Games, also featured competitions for art and dance. The art and dance competitions pre-dated the athletic portion of the games, and were said to have been started by mythology after it killed Python and set up the oracle at Delphi. Otherwise, the athletic events were the same as the Olympic Games. A four-horse chariot race was held in a hippodrome in the plain, not far from the sea, in the place where the original stadium was sited. (ref: Pindar)
According to Ovid, in the formative years of growth after the deluge, mother earth accidentally produced a gigantic Python that terrorized the humans. Apollo successfully killed it, though it required almost every arrow from his quiver. To ensure that no one forgot about this heroic deed, he created the Pythian games to commemorate his victory.
wn.com/Pythian_Games -
Quba District
Quba or Qoba (Al Qubah) was one of the 32 districts of Libya. In 2007 it became part of the Derna District. The population of the former district was approximately 93,000.
In the north, Al Qubah had a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it bordered the following districts:
The administrative centre was the town of Quba, some 8 kilometres inland from the coast, which was also known as Giovanni Berta during Italian colonial times. Transcription from Arabic has led to various spellings, such as Al Qubbah, Gubba, Al Gubbah, El-Gubba and El-Gúbba. During World War II, it was also dubbed "Gub-Gub" by the allied troops.
Coordinates: 31°51′20″N 22°47′28″E / 31.85556°N 22.79111°E / 31.85556; 22.79111
wn.com/Quba_District -
Raas Abayda
Raas Abayda is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Raas_Abayda -
Russian Railways
The Russian Railways (RZhD) (Russian: Российские железные дороги (РЖД), Rossiyskie zheleznye dorogi (RZhD)), is the government owned national rail carrier of the Russian Federation, headquartered in Moscow. The Russian Railways operate over 86,000 km (53,000 mi) of common carrier routes as well as a few hundred kilometers of industrial routes, making it the second largest network in the world exceeded only by the United States. The Railways also are one of the largest companies in the world employing 950,000 people and is also a monopoly within Russia.
The Russian Railways were created in 1992, to take over existing lines within Russia from the Soviet Union.
The Soviet Railways ended operations in December 1991, due to the collapse of the Soviet Union. On January 20, 1992, the Ministry of Russian Railways was founded, to operate railways within the Russian Federation. However the Russian Railways were declining rapidly, mainly due to loss of direct government support. Investments were cut and funds were dropped. The railways declined greatly because there weren't enough funds to repair rolling stock, stations and maintain rapidly aging track. In 1992, freight traffic within Russia fell by 60%. Passenger travel also declined greatly. Many trains were taken out of service and the passenger sector was heavily subsidized to the freight industry. The decline greatly affected Russia's economy, since railways were the only reliable transportation system within the country. Since the railways were a vital social importance to Russia, due to low usage of automobiles, heavy usage by low income citizens, lack of roads, great distances and connections to remote parts of Russia, the railways needed to rebuild and modernize the system to meet the demands of the country.
wn.com/Russian_Railways -
Sabha District
Sabha (Arabic: سبها Sabhā) is one of the districts of Libya. It is located near the center of the country, in the Fezzan region. The capital is the city of Sabha, with a population of 130,000.
The district populations' ethnicity is primarily a mixture of Arab, Bedouin, and Sub-Saharan African Black descent. People of each ethnicity ('unmixed') are also common.
The Sabha District is in the northwestern Libyan Desert section of the Sahara Desert.
The capital of Sabha is the largest and most important city of southern Libya. It has a small domestic airport. The Sabha Air Base is in the district.
The Gaberoun oasis, on a spring fed lake, is a rustic tourist resort and the site of Bedouin village ruins that is located in the district near Sabha city.
Sabha District borders the following districts:
The major settlements of Sabha District include:
In the Libyan civil war, Gaddafi forces maintained control of large parts of the district and city longer than elsewhere in the country. The National Transitional Council took control of the city on 11 September 2011.
wn.com/Sabha_District -
Seattle
Seattle (pronounced /siːˈætɫ̩/ ( listen) see-AT-əl or /siːˈæɾɫ̩/) is the county seat of King County, in the U.S. state of Washington. With 608,660 residents as of the 2010 Census, Seattle is the largest city in the Northwestern United States. The Seattle metropolitan area of about 3.4 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the country. The city is a major coastal seaport situated on a narrow isthmus between Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 114 miles (183 km) south of the Canada–United States border. In 2010, Seattle was the sixth busiest port in the United States, serving as a major gateway for trade with Asia.
The Seattle area had been inhabited by Native Americans for at least 4,000 years before the first permanent white settlers.Arthur A. Denny and his group of travelers, subsequently known as the Denny Party, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851. The settlement was moved to its current site and renamed "Seattle" in 1853, after Chief Seattle of the local Duwamish and Suquamish tribes.
wn.com/Seattle -
Sidi Abayd
Sidi Abayd is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Sidi_Abayd -
Sidi Hsayn
Sidi Hsayn is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Sidi_Hsayn -
Sidi Khalifa
Sidi Khalifa is a Basic People's Congress administrative division of Benghazi, Libya.
wn.com/Sidi_Khalifa -
Sirte
Sirte (also spelled Sirt, Surt, Sert or Syrte, pronounced /ˈsɜrt/; Arabic: سرت, pronunciation (help·info); from Ancient Greek: Σύρτις) is a city in Libya. It is on the south coast of the Gulf of Sidra (ancient Syrtis Major, from which Sirte's name derives). Sirte lies halfway between Tripoli and Benghazi. The settlement was established in the early 20th century by the Italians, at the site of a 19th-century fortress built by the Ottomans. It grew into a city after World War II. Sirte was briefly the capital of Gaddafi-controlled Libya after the capture of Tripoli during the final days of the Libyan civil war.
As the birthplace of Muammar Gaddafi, Sirte was favoured by the Gaddafi government. The city was the final major stronghold of Gaddafi loyalists in the Libyan civil war and Gaddafi was killed there by rebel forces on 20 October 2011. During the battle Sirte was left almost completely in ruins, with many buildings totally destroyed or damaged. Six months after the civil war, more than 60,000 inhabitants, about 70 percent of pre-war population, had returned.
wn.com/Sirte -
Sirte District
Sirte District (or Sirt or Surt District; Arabic: سرت Surt, pronunciation (help·info)), is one of the districts of Libya. It lies in the north of the country and borders the Gulf of Sidra. Its capital is the city of Sirte. Al-Tahadi University is located in Sirte.
Sirte District shares its name with the city of Sirte, the historically most important city on the Gulf of Sidra. These names derive from the Greek name for the gulf, the Great Syrtis.
The boundaries of Sirte District have changed several times, most recently in the 2007 administrative reorganization of Libyan districts (see maps). From 1983 to 1987 the Bin Jawad District covered parts of what is now part of Sirte District.
To the north, Sirte District has a shoreline on the Mediterranean Sea. As of 2007[update], on land, it bordered the following districts:
Sirte is an interim destination of a coastal railway from Tunisia to Benghazi that began construction in 2007.
Coordinates: 31°12′17.41″N 16°35′16.54″E / 31.2048361°N 16.5879278°E / 31.2048361; 16.5879278
wn.com/Sirte_District -
Suluq
Suluq (Arabic: سلوق) is a town in the Benghazi District of the Cyrenaica region in northeastern Libya. It is located about 53 kilometers to the south-east of Benghazi.
Suluq is the site of a former Italian concentration camp for the nomadic tribes that lived in Eastern Libya (Cyrenaica) during the colonial Italian North Africa and Italian Libya period. On 16 September 1931 Omar Mukhtar, the leader of the Libyan resistance movement, was hanged here.
Suluq was the inland terminus of a short narrow gauge railway built by the Italian Libya Railways. This line was closed around the 1960s.
In 2009, 5,000 new housing units were built in Suluq.
wn.com/Suluq -
The Kansas City Star
The Kansas City Star is a McClatchy newspaper based in Kansas City, Missouri, in the United States. Published since 1880, the paper is the recipient of eight Pulitzer Prizes. The Star is most notable for its influence on the career of President Harry Truman, as the newspaper where a young Ernest Hemingway honed his writing style, and for being central to government-mandated divestiture of radio and television outlets by newspaper concerns in the late 1950s.
The paper, originally called The Kansas City Evening Star, was founded September 18, 1880 by William Rockhill Nelson and Samuel E. Morss. The two moved to Missouri after selling the newspaper that became the Fort Wayne News Sentinel (and earlier owned by Nelson's father) in Nelson's Indiana hometown, where Nelson was campaign manager in the unsuccessful Presidential run of Samuel Tilden.
Morss quit the newspaper business within a year and a half because of ill health. At the time there were three daily competitors – the Evening Mail, The Kansas City Times and the Kansas City Journal.
wn.com/The_Kansas_City_Star -
Tibesti Hotel
The Tibesti Hotel is a hotel situated overlooking the harbour of the 23rd July Lake in the city centre of Benghazi, Libya.
At fifteen stories tall, it is a particularly prominent building with 242 rooms.
On 1 June 2011, the hotel came to international attention during the Libyan civil war when explosives were detonated in a car nearby. A spokesman for the National Transitional Council called the bombing a "cowardly act". It was suspected that an officer was killed, and many people started to shout chants against Muammar Gaddafi while the hotel was cordoned off.
Coordinates: 32°6′41.48″N 20°4′9.78″E / 32.1115222°N 20.0693833°E / 32.1115222; 20.0693833
wn.com/Tibesti_Hotel -
Tobruk
Tobruk or Tubruq /tɵˈbrʊk/ (Arabic: طبرق Ţubruq; also transliterated as Tóbruch, Tobruch, Ţubruq, Tobruck and Tubruk) is a port city on Libya's eastern Mediterranean coast, near the border with Egypt. It is the capital of the Butnan District (formerly Tobruk District) and has a population of 120,000 (2011 est.).
Tobruk was the site of an ancient Greek colony and, later, of a Roman fortress guarding the frontier of Cyrenaica. Over the centuries, Tobruk also served as a waystation along the coastal caravan route. By 1911, Tobruk had become an Italian military post, but during World War II, Allied forces, mainly the Australian 6th Division, took Tobruk on 22 January 1941. The Australian 9th Division ("The Rats of Tobruk") pulled back to Tobruk to avoid encirclement after actions at Er Regima and Mechili and reached Tobruk on 9 April 1941 where prolonged fighting against German forces followed. Rebuilt after World War II, Tobruk was later expanded during the 1960s to include a port terminal linked by an oil pipeline to the Sarir oil field.
wn.com/Tobruk -
Tripoli
Tripoli is the capital and largest city in Libya. It is also known as Tripoli-of-the-West (Arabic: طرابلس الغرب Ṭarābulus al-Gharb), to distinguish it from Tripoli, Lebanon. It is affectionately called The Mermaid of the Mediterranean (Arabic: عروسة البحر ʼarūsat el-baḥr; lit: "bride of the sea"), describing its turquoise waters and its whitewashed buildings. Tripoli (English pronunciation: /ˈtrɪpɵli/) is a Greek name that means "Three Cities", introduced in Western European languages through the Italian Tripoli. In Arabic: طرابلس it is called Ṭarābulus ( pronunciation (help·info), Libyan Arabic: Ṭrābləs pronunciation (help·info), Berber: Ṭrables, from Ancient Greek: Τρίπολις Trípolis). As of 2011, the Tripoli metropolitan area (district area) had a population of 2.2 million. The city is located in the northwest part of the country on the edge of the desert, on a point of rocky land projecting into the Mediterranean and forming a bay.
The city includes the Port of Tripoli and the country's largest commercial and manufacturing centre. It is also the site of the University of Tripoli. The vast Bab al-Azizia barracks, which includes the former family compound of Muammar Gaddafi, is also located in the city; Gaddafi largely ruled the country from his residence in this barracks.
wn.com/Tripoli -
Tripolitania
Tripolitania /trɨpɒlɨˈteɪniə/ or Tripolitana (Arabic: طرابلس Ṭarābulus, Berber: Ṭrables, from Latin Regio Tripolitana) is a historic region and former province of Libya.
Tripolitania was a separate Italian colony from 1927 to 1934. From 1934 to 1963, Tripolitania was one of three administrative divisions within Italian Libya and the Kingdom of Libya, alongside Cyrenaica to the east and Fezzan to the south.
In the old system, Tripolitania included Tripoli, the capital city of Libya and a vast northwestern portion of the country; in the subsequent systems, the sha'biyah of Tripoli has become much smaller than the original Tripolitania, including merely the city of Tripoli and its immediate surroundings. Because the city and the sha'biyah are nowadays almost coextensive, the term "Tripolitania" has more historical than contemporary value. In Arabic the same word (طرابلس) is used for both the city and the region, and that word, used alone, would be understood to mean only the city; in order to designate Tripolitania in Arabic, a qualifier such as "state", "province" or "sha'biyah" is required.
wn.com/Tripolitania -
Tunis
Tunis (Arabic: تونس Tūnis) is the capital of both the Tunisian Republic and the Tunis Governorate. It is Tunisia's largest city, with a population of 728,453 as of 2004; the greater metropolitan area holds some 2,412,500 inhabitants.
Situated on a large Mediterranean Sea gulf (the Gulf of Tunis), behind the Lake of Tunis and the port of La Goulette (Halq al Wadi), the city extends along the coastal plain and the hills that surround it. At the centre of more modern development (from the colonial era and later) lies the old medina. Beyond this district lie the suburbs of Carthage, La Marsa, and Sidi Bou Said.
The medina is found at the centre of the city: a dense agglomeration of alleys and covered passages, full of intense scents and colours, boisterous and active trade, and a surfeit of goods on offer ranging from leather to plastic, tin to the finest filigree, tourist souvenirs to the works of tiny crafts shops.
Just through the Sea Gate (also known as the Bab el Bahr and the Porte de France) begins the modern city, or Ville Nouvelle, transversed by the grand Avenue Habib Bourguiba (often referred to by popular press and travel guides as "the Tunisian Champs-Élysées"), where the colonial-era buildings provide a clear contrast to smaller, older structures. As the capital city of the country, Tunis is the focus of Tunisian political and administrative life; it is also the centre of the country's commercial activity. The expansion of the Tunisian economy in recent decades is reflected in the booming development of the outer city where one can see clearly the social challenges brought about by rapid modernization in Tunisia.
wn.com/Tunis -
Tunisia
Tunisia (USi/tuːˈniːʒə/ two-NEE-zhə or UK /tjuːˈnɪziə/ tew-NIZ-iə; Arabic: تونس Tūnis pronounced [ˈtuːnɪs]), officially the Republic of Tunisia (Arabic: الجمهورية التونسية al-Jumhūriyyah at-Tūnisiyyah), is the northernmost country in Africa. It is an Arab Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 square kilometres (64,000 sq mi), with an estimated population of just under 10.7 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the northeast.
Tunisia is the smallest country in North Africa. The south of the country is composed of the Sahara desert, with much of the remainder consisting of particularly fertile soil and 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) of coastline.
Tunisia has relations with both the European Union—with whom it has an association agreement—and the Arab world. Tunisia is also a member of the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, and the African Union. Tunisia has established close relations with France in particular, through economic cooperation, industrial modernization, and privatisation programs.
wn.com/Tunisia -
Ubari
Ubari or Awbari (Arabic: أوباري) is an oasis town and the capital of the Wadi al Hayaa District, in the Fezzan region of southwestern Libya. It is in the Libyan section of the Sahara Desert. It was the capital of the former baladiyah (district) called Awbari, in the southwest of the country.
Ubari is in the Targa valley, lying between the Messak Sattafat plateau and Idhan Ubari erg sand dunes and lakes. Native plants include wetland grasses at the natural spring fed lakes' shorelines, and the native Saharan Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera)
The Ubari oasis settlement is the second center for the Kel Ajjer Tuareg people, after Ghat. Neighbouring villages include Germa, and Garran.
During the 2011 Libyan civil war the town was captured by the forces of the National Transitional Council on 22 September 2011.
On 19 November 2011, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi and a few associates were captured and detained about 50 kilometers west of Ubari as they were trying to flee to neighbouring Niger.
Coordinates: 26°35′N 12°46′E / 26.583°N 12.767°E / 26.583; 12.767
wn.com/Ubari -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
wn.com/United_Kingdom -
Yafran District
Yafran or Yifren (Arabic: يفرن) was formerly one of the districts of Libya. It was located in the northwest part of the country and its capital was Yafran. Under the 2007 reorganization of districts, most of it became part of Jabal al Gharbi District, while the southwestern part went to Nalut District.
Prior to 2007 Yafran bordered the following districts:
Coordinates: 32°04′N 12°32′E / 32.067°N 12.533°E / 32.067; 12.533
wn.com/Yafran_District -
Zawiya District
Zawiya (Arabic: شعبية الزاوية Az Zāwiya) is one of the districts of Libya. It is located in the north western part of the country, in what had been the historical region of Tripolitania.
Its capital is also named Zawiya. Since the 2007 reorganization of Libyan districts, the former district of Sabratha Wa Surman has been part of Zawiya District.
In the north, Zawiya has a shoreline bordering the Mediterranean Sea. On land, it borders the following districts:
Coordinates: 32°45′N 12°43′E / 32.75°N 12.717°E / 32.75; 12.717
wn.com/Zawiya_District -
Zuwara
Zuwara /zʊˈwɑrə/ (Arabic: زوارة, Berber: Tamurt n Wat Willul) is a port city in northwestern Libya, with a population of around 180,000. It is situated 102 kilometres (63 mi) west of Tripoli and 60 kilometres (37 mi) from the Tunisian border. It is the capital of the Nuqat al Khams district. Its population mainly belongs to the Ibadi branch of Islam, and speaks Zuwara Berber, a Zenati Berber language.
The Amazigh tribe of Zwara was cited by al-Bakri in the 11th century, together with Louata, Lemaya, Nefusa, Mezata and Zouagha, as a tribe dwelling in the surroundings of the Gulf of Gabès.
The settlement was first mentioned by the traveller al-Tidjani in the years 1306-1309 as Zwara al-saghirah ("Little Zwarah"). In a Catalan sailing manual (1375) it was called as Punta dar Zoyara, it later served as the western outpost of Italian Libya (1912–43), being the terminus of the now-defunct Italian Libya Railway from Tripoli 105 kilometres (65 mi) to the east. Its artificial harbour shelters a motorized fishing fleet. Cereals, dates, and esparto grass (used to make cordage, shoes, and paper) are local products.
wn.com/Zuwara
-
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian pronunciation: [beˈniːto musːoˈliːni]; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party, ruling the country from 1922 to his ousting in 1943, and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of fascism.
Originally a member of the Italian Socialist Party and editor of the Avanti! from 1912 to 1914, Mussolini fought in World War I as an ardent nationalist and created the Fasci di Combattimento in 1919, catalyzing his nationalist and socialist beliefs in the Fascist Manifesto, published in 1921. Following the March on Rome in October 1922 he became the 27th Prime Minister of Italy and began using the title Il Duce by 1925, about which time he had established dictatorial authority by both legal and extraordinary means, aspiring to create a totalitarian state. After 1936, his official title was Sua Eccellenza Benito Mussolini, Capo del Governo, Duce del Fascismo e Fondatore dell'Impero ("His Excellency Benito Mussolini, Head of Government, Duce of Fascism, and Founder of the Empire") Mussolini also created and held the supreme military rank of First Marshal of the Empire along with King Victor Emmanuel III, which gave him and the King joint supreme control over the military of Italy. Mussolini remained in power until he was replaced in 1943; for a short period after this until his death, he was the leader of the Italian Social Republic.
wn.com/Benito_Mussolini -
Berber people
Berbers (Berber: ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⴻⵏ Imazighen / Imaziɣen) are the indigenous ethnic group of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. They are continuously distributed from the Atlantic to the Siwa oasis, in Egypt, and from the Mediterranean to the Niger River. Historically they spoke the Berber language or varieties of it, which together form a branch of the Afro-Asiatic linguistic family. Today, varieties of Maghrebi colloquial Arabic are spoken by a large portion of Berbers besides the Berber language itself. Foreign languages like French are used by the educated in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. Spanish is also known by some Berbers in Morocco and in the annexed Western Sahara and Italian in Libya. This presence of European languages was due to Europe's occupation and colonization of the Berber world. Today, most Berber-speaking people live in Morocco and Algeria, smaller Berber-speaking populations are scattered throughout Tunisia, Libya, Mauritania, Mali and Niger, as well as various diasporas living in Europe.
wn.com/Berber_people -
Berenice II
Berenice II (267 or 266 BC – 221 BC) was the daughter of Magas of Cyrene and Queen Apama II, and the wife of Ptolemy III Euergetes, the third ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt.
In about 249 BC, she was married to Demetrius the Fair, a Macedonian prince, soon after her father died. However after coming to Cyrene he became the lover of her mother Apama. In a dramatic event, she had him killed in Apama's bedroom, but Apama lived on afterwards. She had no children with Demetrius.
Afterwards she married Ptolemy III. Their children were: Ptolemy IV Philopator, Magas, Lysimachus, Alexander, Arsinoe III and Berenice.
Berenice is said to have participated in the Nemean Games (between 245 and 241 BC) and to have competed in Olympic games at some unknown date.
Soon after her husband's death (221 BC) she was murdered at the instigation of her son Ptolemy IV, with whom she was probably associated in the government.
Nevertheless, a decree “issued delineating the cult for the newly deified queen Berenike II…specified that men and women singers were to sing all day in front of the statue of Berenike.”
wn.com/Berenice_II -
Erwin Rommel
Erwin Johannes Eugen Rommel (15 November 1891 – 14 October 1944), popularly known as the Desert Fox (Wüstenfuchs, listen (help·info)), was a German Field Marshal of World War II. He won the respect of both his own troops and the enemies he fought.
He was a highly decorated officer in World War I, and was awarded the Pour le Mérite for his exploits on the Italian front. In World War II, he further distinguished himself as the commander of the 7th Panzer Division during the 1940 invasion of France. However, it was his leadership of German and Italian forces in the North African campaign that established the legend of the Desert Fox. He is considered to have been one of the most skilled commanders of desert warfare in the conflict.[page needed] He later commanded the German forces opposing the Allied cross-channel invasion in Normandy.
As one of the few generals who consistently fought the Western Allies (he was never assigned to the Eastern Front), Rommel is regarded as having been a humane and professional officer. His Afrikakorps was never accused of war crimes. Soldiers captured during his Africa campaign were reported to have been treated humanely. Furthermore, he ignored orders to kill captured commandos, Jewish soldiers and civilians in all theaters of his command.
wn.com/Erwin_Rommel -
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death. A colonel in the Egyptian army, Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 along with Muhammad Naguib, the first president, which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan, and heralded a new period of modernization, and socialist reform in Egypt together with a profound advancement of pan-Arab nationalism, including a short-lived union with Syria.
Nasser is seen as one of the most important political figures in both modern Arab history and politics in the 20th century. Under his leadership, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal Company and came to play a central role in anti-imperialist efforts in the Arab World and Africa. The imposed ending to the Suez Crisis made him a hero throughout the Arab world. He was also instrumental in the establishment of the international Non-Aligned Movement. He is well known for his nationalist policies and version of pan-Arabism, also referred to as Nasserism, which won a great following in the Arab World during the 1950s and 1960s. Although his status as "leader of the Arabs" was badly damaged by the Israeli victory over the Arab armies in the Six-Day War, as well as Egypt's failure to win the subsequent War of Attrition against Israel, many in the general Arab population still view Nasser as a symbol of Arab dignity and freedom.
wn.com/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser -
Gylippus
Gylippus ([pronunciation?]; Greek: Γύλιππος) was a Spartan general of the 5th century BC; he was the son of Cleandridas, who was the adviser of King Pleistoanax and had been expelled from Sparta for accepting Athenian bribes in 446 BC and fled to Thurii, a pan-Hellenic colony then being founded in the instep of Italy with Athenian help and participation. His mother may have been a helot, which meant he was not a true Spartiate but a mothax, a man of inferior status. Despite this, however, from an early childhood he was trained for war in the traditional Spartan fashion and on reaching maturity had been elected to a military mess, his dues contributed by a wealthier Spartiate patron. For an individual of marginal origins, war was an opportunity to gain honour and eminence.
When Alcibiades urged the Spartans to send a general to lead the Syracusan resistance against the Athenian expedition, Gylippus was appointed (414 BC), and his arrival was a turning point of the struggle. More daring than Nicias, the Athenian commander he faced, he was able to gain an upper hand by driving the Athenians from key strategic locations and essentially break the siege. When Athens sent Demosthenes with reinforcements, he too was defeated by Gylippus, which ultimately led to the downfall of the Athenian campaign in Syracuse.
wn.com/Gylippus -
Huda Ben Amer
Huda Ben Amer is a former Libyan politician. A follower of the Libyan ruler, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, she was the Secretary of the General People's Congress of Inspection People's Control and mayor of Benghazi until the Libyan civil war.
Ben Amer was born in Marj near Benghazi and attended the Garyounis University in Benghazi. Belonging to a poor family without influence, Ben Amer rose to national prominence at a public execution staged by the Gaddafi government in 1984. The event in Benghazi's basketball stadium had been announced as the trial of one of Gaddafi's political enemies, al-Sadek Hamed Al-Shuwehdy, an engineer who had been peacefully campaigning against the colonel's rule. But instead the schoolchildren and students who had been assembled for the purpose were made to see al-Shuwehdy's execution by hanging. While the hanged man writhed on the gallows, Ben Amer stepped forward and grabbed al-Shuwehdy's legs, pulling him down until he stopped struggling and died.
That display of ruthlessness, about which she later liked to boast—she is remembered in Benghazi by her saying "we don't need talking, we need hangings"—earned her the enduring loathing of the people of Benghazi and the nickname Huda Al-Shannaga—"Huda the Executioner". However, it impressed Gaddafi, who had been watching the execution on live TV. He subsequently promoted Ben Amer to high government posts, including twice mayor of Benghazi and a leading member of the Legion Thoria, Gaddafi's organization of revolutionary committees. Eventually she became a favorite of Gaddafi, and one of the richest and most powerful women in Libya.
wn.com/Huda_Ben_Amer -
Idris of Libya
Idris, GBE (Arabic: إدريس الأول), also known as Idris I of Libya (b. Sayyid Muhammad Idris bin Muhammad al-Mahdi as-Senussi 12 March 1889 – 25 May 1983), was the first and only king of Libya, reigning from 1951 to 1969, and the Chief of the Senussi Muslim order.
Born at Al-Jaghbub, the headquarters of the Senussi movement, the son of Sayyid Muhammad al-Mahdi bin Sayyid Muhammad al-Senussi and his fifth wife Aisha bint Ahmad al-Syrte, Idris was a grandson of Sayyid Muhammad bin 'Ali as-Senussi, the founder of the Senussi Muslim sufi order. He became Chief of the Senussi order in 1916 following the abdication of his cousin Sayyid Ahmed Sharif es Senussi. He was recognized by the British under the new title Emir of the territory of Cyrenaica, a position also confirmed by the Italians in 1920. He was also installed as Emir of Tripolitania on 28 July 1922.
Idris spent the early part of his career attempting to negotiate independence for Cyrenaica. In 1922, following the Italian military campaigns against Libya, he went into exile. Egypt then served as his base in a guerrilla war against the colonial Italian authorities.
wn.com/Idris_of_Libya -
Italo Balbo
Italo Balbo (Ferrara, June 6, 1896 – Tobruk, June 28, 1940) was an Italian Blackshirt (Camicie Nere, or CCNN) leader who served as Italy's Marshal of the Air Force (Maresciallo dell'Aria), Governor-General of Libya, Commander-in-Chief of Italian North Africa (Africa Settentrionale Italiana, or ASI), and the "heir apparent" to Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.
After serving in World War I, Balbo became the leading Fascist organizer in his home region of Ferrara. He was one of the four principal architects of the March on Rome that brought Mussolini and the Fascists to power in 1922. In 1926, he began the task of building the Italian Royal Air Force and took a leading role in popularizing aviation in Italy, and promoting Italian aviation to the world. In 1933, perhaps to relieve tensions surrounding him in Italy, he was given the government of Italian Libya, where he resided for the remainder of his life. Balbo was the only leading Fascist to oppose both anti-Jewish racial laws and Mussolini's alliance with Nazi Germany. Early in World War II, he was killed by friendly fire when his plane was shot down over Tobruk by Italian anti-aircraft guns.
wn.com/Italo_Balbo -
Kingdom of Libya
The Kingdom of Libya, (Arabic: المملكة الليبية, literally, the Libyan Kingdom Italian: Regno di Libia) originally called the United Libyan Kingdom came into existence upon independence on 24 December 1951 and lasted until a coup d'état led by Muammar Gaddafi on 1 September 1969 overthrew King Idris of Libya and established the Libyan Arab Republic.
Under the constitution of October 1951, the federal monarchy of Libya was headed by King Idris as chief of state, with succession to his designated heirs. Substantial political power resided with the king. The executive arm of the government consisted of a prime minister and Council of Ministers designated by the king but also responsible to the Chamber of Deputies, the lower house of a bicameral legislature. The Senate, or upper house, consisted of eight representatives from each of the three provinces. Half of the senators were nominated by the king, who also had the right to veto legislation and to dissolve the lower house. Local autonomy in the provinces was exercised through provincial governments and legislatures. Tripoli and Benghazi served alternately as the national capital.
wn.com/Kingdom_of_Libya -
Magas of Cyrene
Magas of Cyrene (Greek: Μάγας της Κυρήνης; born before 317 BC-250 BC, ruled 276 BC–250 BC) was a Greek Macedonian nobleman. Through his mother’s second marriage he was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He became King of Cyrenaica (in modern Libya) and he managed to wrestle independence for Cyrenaica from the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
Magas was the first born son of the noblewoman Berenice and her first husband Philip. He had two younger sisters: Antigone and Theoxena. His father, Philip was the son Amyntas by an unnamed mother. Based on the implying of Plutarch (Pyrrhus 4.4), his father was previously married and had children, including daughters born to him. Phillip served as a military officer in the service of the Greek King Alexander the Great and was known in commanding one division of the Phalanx in Alexander’s wars.
His mother Berenice was a noblewoman from Eordeaea. She was the daughter of local obscure nobleman Magas and noblewoman Antigone. Berenice’s mother was the niece of the powerful Regent Antipater and was a distant collateral relative to the Argead dynasty. He was the namesake of his maternal grandfather.
wn.com/Magas_of_Cyrene -
Muammar Gaddafi
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي) (June 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Muammar Gaddafi /ˈmoʊ.əmɑr ɡəˈdɑːfi/ (Arabic: مُعَمَّر القَذَّافِي Muʿammar al-Qaḏḏāfī audio (help·info)) or Colonel Gaddafi, was the official ruler of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then the "Brother Leader" of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Gaddafi seized power in a bloodless military coup in 1969 and served as the country's head of state until 1977, when he stepped down from his official executive role as Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council of Libya, and claimed subsequently to be merely a symbolic figurehead. He styled himself as "Leader of the Revolution"; in 2008 a meeting of traditional African rulers bestowed on him the title "King of Kings". A leading advocate for a United States of Africa, he served as Chairperson of the African Union (AU) from 2 February 2009 to 31 January 2010.
Gaddafi replaced the Libyan Constitution of 1951 with laws based on the political ideology he had formulated, which he called the Third International Theory and published in The Green Book. After establishing the Jamahiriya (جماهيرية, "state of the masses") system in 1977, he officially stepped down from power and after that time held a largely symbolic role within the country's official governance structure. Rising oil prices and extraction in Libya led to increasing revenues. By exporting as much oil per capita as Saudi Arabia and through various welfare programs, Libya achieved the highest living standards in Africa; Libya remained debt-free.
wn.com/Muammar_Gaddafi -
Mustafa Abdul Jalil
Mustafa Abdul Jalil or Abdul-Jalil (Arabic: مصطفى عبد الجليل, also transcribed Abdul-Jelil, Abd-al-Jalil,Abdel-Jalil, Abdeljalil or Abdu Al Jeleil) (born 1952) is the Chairman of the National Transitional Council of Libya, and as such serves as head of state in Libya's caretaker government which was formed as a result of the 2011 Libyan civil war. He is also a spokesman for the city of Bayda.
From 2007 to 2011, Abdul Jalil was Minister of Justice (officially, the Secretary of the General People's Committee of Justice) under Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. He has been noted in some news media for his stance against various human rights violations in Libya, although others express a different view and accuse him, for example, of intransigence during the appeal by the Bulgarian nurses (that sentence was later converted to life imprisonment and the nurses were eventually released). During the civil war, Abdul Jalil was identified as the Chairman of the National Transitional Council based in Benghazi, although this position was contested by others in the uprising due to his past direct participation in Gaddafi's government as Minister of Justice for four years until 2011.}
wn.com/Mustafa_Abdul_Jalil -
Omar Mukhtar
Omar Mukhtar (Arabic: عمر المختار Omar Al-Mukhtār) (1862 – September 16, 1931), of the Mnifa, was born in the small village of Janzour, near Tobruk in eastern Barqa (Cyrenaica) in Libya. Beginning in 1912, he organized and, for nearly twenty years, led native resistance to Italian colonization of Libya. The Italians captured and hanged him in 1931.
Omar Almukhtar was born in eastern Cyrenaica, Al Butnan District, in the village of East Janzur east of Tobruk. He was orphaned early and was adopted by Sharif El Gariani, nephew of Hussein Ghariani, a political-religious leader in Cyrenaica. He received his early education at the local mosque and then studied for eight years at the Senussi university at Jaghbub, which was also the headquarters of the Senussi Movement. In 1899 he was sent with other Senussi to assist Rabih az-Zubayr in the resistance in Chad against the French.
In October 1911, during the Italo-Turkish War, an Italian naval contingent under the command of Admiral Luigi Faravelli reached the shores of Libya, then a territory subject to Ottoman Turkish control. The admiral demanded that the Turkish administration and garrison surrender their territory to the Italians or incur the immediate destruction of the city of Tripoli.[citation needed] The Turks and their Libyan allies withdrew to the countryside instead of surrendering, and the Italians bombarded the city for three days, then proclaimed the Tripolitanians to be "committed and strongly bound to Italy." This marked the beginning of a series of battles between the Italian colonial forces and the Libyan armed opposition under Omar Mukhtar.
wn.com/Omar_Mukhtar -
Sadeq Naihoum
Sadeq Al Naihoum (1937 – 15 November 1994) (Arabic: الصادق النيهوم) was a prominent Libyan writer and journalist. He was born in Benghazi, Libya, in 1937 where he lived and studied until he finished his university degree in literature. He then lived in Egypt, Germany and Finland between 1963 and 1971. Naihoum began writing in the newspaper Haqiqa Weekly in the 1960s while he was studying and working in Helsinki. His socio-political articles raised much debate at the time, and until his death in Geneva in 1994. He was distinguished by his daring satire, and during the sixties his articles were widely read. The subjects he wrote about continue to raise a lot of debate in the Arab cultural circles of today.
wn.com/Sadeq_Naihoum -
Senussi
The Senussi or Sanussi refers to a Muslim political-religious order in Libya and the Sudan region founded in Mecca in 1837 by the Grand Senussi, Sayyid Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi. Senussi was concerned with both the decline of Islamic thought and spirituality and the weakening of Muslim political integrity. From 1902 to 1913 the Senussi fought French expansion in the Sahara, and the Italian colonisation of Libya beginning in 1911. In World War I, the Senussi fought against the British in Egypt and Sudan. The Grand Senussi's grandson became King Idris of Libya in 1951. In 1969, King Idris I was overthrown by a military coup led by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi. A third of the population in Libya continue to be affiliated with the Senussi movement.[citation needed]
The Senussi order has been historically closed to Europeans and outsiders, leading reports of their beliefs and practices to vary immensely. Though it is possible to gain some insight from the lives of the Senussi sheikhs further details are difficult to obtain.
wn.com/Senussi -
Thucydides
Thucydides (/θ[unsupported input]ˈsɪdɪˌdiz/; Greek: Θουκυδίδης, Thoukydídēs; c. 460 BC – c. 395 BC) was a Greek historian and author from Alimos. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientific history", because of his strict standards of evidence-gathering and analysis in terms of cause and effect without reference to intervention by the gods, as outlined in his introduction to his work.
He has also been called the father of the school of political realism, which views the relations between nations as based on might rather than right. His text is still studied at advanced military colleges worldwide, and the Melian dialogue remains a seminal work of international relations theory.
More generally, Thucydides showed an interest in developing an understanding of human nature to explain behaviour in such crises as plague, massacres, as in that of the Melians, and civil war.
wn.com/Thucydides
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Know The TRUTH ~ Step By Step ~ Bret Baier's ~ 'Death and Deceit in Benghazi'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 41:02
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
barracudabrigade.blogspot.com
http://wn.com/Know_The_TRUTH_~_Step_By_Step_~_Bret_Baier's_~_'Death_and_Deceit_in_Benghazi'
Petraeus, Allen, Gaouette, Ham: The Benghazi Story The Media Isn't Telling You
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:22
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Ben Swann takes a look at 3 generals and 1 admiral who have been either caught up in scandal, forced to retire, or demoted since the Benghazi attack
http://wn.com/Petraeus,_Allen,_Gaouette,_Ham_The_Benghazi_Story_The_Media_Isn't_Telling_You
Ben Swann takes a look at 3 generals and 1 admiral who have been either caught up in scandal, forced to retire, or demoted since the Benghazi attack
- published: 17 Nov 2012
- views: 38122
- author: Ben Swann
Obama event goers on Benghazi: What?!?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:41
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
Revealing Politics' Caleb Bonham went to the Ohio University campus to an Obama event on October 17th to find out what the President's supporters thought about the September 11 Benghazi attacks. Turns out they didn't think much, as most of the event attendees we interviewed had never even heard of it.
http://wn.com/Obama_event_goers_on_Benghazi_What?!?
Revealing Politics' Caleb Bonham went to the Ohio University campus to an Obama event on October 17th to find out what the President's supporters thought about the September 11 Benghazi attacks. Turns out they didn't think much, as most of the event attendees we interviewed had never even heard of it.
- published: 18 Oct 2012
- views: 403619
- author: RevealPolitics
Obama LIED About Benghazi Attack!!! (Lt. Col. Tony Shaffer Interview)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:15
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Facebook.com Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer (who could have killed Osama Bin Laden, but was ordered to stand down 11 years ago) said tonight on prisonplanet.tv that his sources tell him that Obama was one of the people int he room watching the Benghazi attack go down. Lt. Col. Shaffer of http believes it would have taken an order by the president to intervene or not. abledangerblog.com youtu.be Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
http://wn.com/Obama_LIED_About_Benghazi_Attack!!!_Lt_Col_Tony_Shaffer_Interview
Facebook.com Lt. Col. Anthony Shaffer (who could have killed Osama Bin Laden, but was ordered to stand down 11 years ago) said tonight on prisonplanet.tv that his sources tell him that Obama was one of the people int he room watching the Benghazi attack go down. Lt. Col. Shaffer of http believes it would have taken an order by the president to intervene or not. abledangerblog.com youtu.be Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favor of fair use.
- published: 06 Nov 2012
- views: 3339
- author: BelligerentPolitics
Fox News Extensive Report On The Benghazi Cover-Up By The Obama Administration
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:51
- Updated: 07 Jan 2013
FNC Special Report on what many are calling a scandal and a cover-up of the events on 9/11 in Benghazi, Libya. They not only report on the cover-up, but also what actually transpired on the night our Ambassador was killed.
http://wn.com/Fox_News_Extensive_Report_On_The_Benghazi_Cover-Up_By_The_Obama_Administration
FNC Special Report on what many are calling a scandal and a cover-up of the events on 9/11 in Benghazi, Libya. They not only report on the cover-up, but also what actually transpired on the night our Ambassador was killed.
- published: 22 Sep 2012
- views: 38230
- author: 68Truthseeker
Italian consul in Benghazi unhurt after car attack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:21
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
www.euronews.com The Italian consul in Benghazi Guido De Sanctis has been shot at in his car in the eastern Libyan city, but has not been injured. It is unclear who was behind the attack. The shooting comes four months after the US Ambassador to Libya was killed in the city. Find us on: Youtube bit.ly Facebook www.facebook.com Twitter twitter.com
http://wn.com/Italian_consul_in_Benghazi_unhurt_after_car_attack
www.euronews.com The Italian consul in Benghazi Guido De Sanctis has been shot at in his car in the eastern Libyan city, but has not been injured. It is unclear who was behind the attack. The shooting comes four months after the US Ambassador to Libya was killed in the city. Find us on: Youtube bit.ly Facebook www.facebook.com Twitter twitter.com
- published: 13 Jan 2013
- views: 240
- author: Euronews
Italian consul shot at in Benghazi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:41
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
http://wn.com/Italian_consul_shot_at_in_Benghazi
Rush military caller says that Obama ordered no response to Benghazi attack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:21
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
www.therightscoop.com
http://wn.com/Rush_military_caller_says_that_Obama_ordered_no_response_to_Benghazi_attack
BREAKING NEWS!!! Obama a Hitman or Terrorist Arms Dealer??? Why He Hid the Truth of Benghazi...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:42
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
'Like' if you like the video. Feel free to subscribe to my channel. This is the Re-Upload for the full version. Was Obama finished with our Ambassador to Libya where the Arms Trading was concerned???? Did he believe Chris Stevens was going to go public with what he knew about this administrations illegal trading of weapons to the enemy??? Was this like the dreadful murderous colladeral damage of 'Fast and Furious' ??? The Turkish leader left the meeting he was having with our Ambassador 1 hour before the attack without being touched, while the building was being watched by the attackers, according to the reports coming from onsite officials at the time, to the white house and to the internet. The whitehouse WATCHED THE ATTACK on Benghazi go down, via drone recon. They were told as it went down it was a terrorist attack and while it happened THE WHITEHOUSE WATCHED OUR PEOPLE DIE FROM THE SITUATION ROOM!!! And then lied about it!!! Hillary Clinton said the buck stopped with her, taking the fall after the lies were being outted and blame had to be placed. I have always said,it is a deadly dangerous business to be one of Hillary Clinton's 'friends!!!' Any 'friend' of hers involved with the Whitewater Scandal could tell you that, if any of them were alive today! Every last one of them, even the ones who went to prison, died mysteriously! Remember Vincent Foster... Foster's death became part of a broad investigation of President and Hillary Rodham Clinton's financial dealings ...
http://wn.com/BREAKING_NEWS!!!_Obama_a_Hitman_or_Terrorist_Arms_Dealer???_Why_He_Hid_the_Truth_of_Benghazi
'Like' if you like the video. Feel free to subscribe to my channel. This is the Re-Upload for the full version. Was Obama finished with our Ambassador to Libya where the Arms Trading was concerned???? Did he believe Chris Stevens was going to go public with what he knew about this administrations illegal trading of weapons to the enemy??? Was this like the dreadful murderous colladeral damage of 'Fast and Furious' ??? The Turkish leader left the meeting he was having with our Ambassador 1 hour before the attack without being touched, while the building was being watched by the attackers, according to the reports coming from onsite officials at the time, to the white house and to the internet. The whitehouse WATCHED THE ATTACK on Benghazi go down, via drone recon. They were told as it went down it was a terrorist attack and while it happened THE WHITEHOUSE WATCHED OUR PEOPLE DIE FROM THE SITUATION ROOM!!! And then lied about it!!! Hillary Clinton said the buck stopped with her, taking the fall after the lies were being outted and blame had to be placed. I have always said,it is a deadly dangerous business to be one of Hillary Clinton's 'friends!!!' Any 'friend' of hers involved with the Whitewater Scandal could tell you that, if any of them were alive today! Every last one of them, even the ones who went to prison, died mysteriously! Remember Vincent Foster... Foster's death became part of a broad investigation of President and Hillary Rodham Clinton's financial dealings ...
- published: 29 Oct 2012
- views: 100507
- author: revmichellehopkins
Bombshell: Clinton Ordered More Security In Benghazi, Obama Denied Request
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:18
- Updated: 15 Jan 2013
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton ordered additional security for the US mission in Benghazi ahead of the terrorist attack but the orders were never carried out, according to "legal counsel" to Clinton who spoke to best-selling author Ed Klein. Those same sources also say former President Bill Clinton has been "urging" his wife to release official State Department documents that prove she called for additional security at the compound in Libya, which would almost certainly result in President Obama losing the election.
http://wn.com/Bombshell_Clinton_Ordered_More_Security_In_Benghazi,_Obama_Denied_Request
Secretary of State Hillary Clinton ordered additional security for the US mission in Benghazi ahead of the terrorist attack but the orders were never carried out, according to "legal counsel" to Clinton who spoke to best-selling author Ed Klein. Those same sources also say former President Bill Clinton has been "urging" his wife to release official State Department documents that prove she called for additional security at the compound in Libya, which would almost certainly result in President Obama losing the election.
- published: 26 Oct 2012
- views: 36699
- author: 68Truthseeker
Obama Linked to Benghazi Attack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:46
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
http://wn.com/Obama_Linked_to_Benghazi_Attack
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
- published: 25 Oct 2012
- views: 73605
- author: WCJournalism
Father Of Murdered Navy Seal in Benghazi, Recounts Days After Attack - Judge Jeanine Pirro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:45
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
Obama Admin Cover-up! Delta Force Was On The Ready - Planes Was On The Ready Father Of Slain Ex-seal Tyron Woods Speaks Out Father Of Murdered Navy Seal Recounts Days After Attack
http://wn.com/Father_Of_Murdered_Navy_Seal_in_Benghazi,_Recounts_Days_After_Attack_Judge_Jeanine_Pirro
Obama Admin Cover-up! Delta Force Was On The Ready - Planes Was On The Ready Father Of Slain Ex-seal Tyron Woods Speaks Out Father Of Murdered Navy Seal Recounts Days After Attack
- published: 28 Oct 2012
- views: 11935
- author: Massteaparty
Benghazi Attack Was Botched Kidnapping to Trade Blind Sheik
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:41
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
http://wn.com/Benghazi_Attack_Was_Botched_Kidnapping_to_Trade_Blind_Sheik
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
- published: 17 Oct 2012
- views: 86789
- author: WCJournalism
Treason: Benghazi Revelations Could Sink Obama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 14 Jan 2013
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
http://wn.com/Treason_Benghazi_Revelations_Could_Sink_Obama
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 30160
- author: WCJournalism
Wayne Madsen: Benghazi Attack, Another Fast & Furious Gone Bad!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 32:33
- Updated: 09 Jan 2013
Alex presents special live coverage of the election and offers a roster of dynamic guests, including: Trends forecaster Gerald Celente, former trader and television host Max Keiser, investigative journalist Wayne Madsen, economist and former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in the Reagan Administration Paul Craig Roberts, former congressional chief of staff for Ron Paul, Lew Rockwell, author and former director at Goldman Sachs, Nomi Prins, and historian and author Webster Tarpley. Alex and his guests will offer concise analysis and commentary until midnight. www.waynemadsenreport.com ORDER THIS SURVIVAL DVD AND START GETTING PREPARED TODAY AT... www.infowarsshop.com Joel Skousen sits down with Alex Jones and discusses strategies on how to prepare for and survive major disasters. www.infowars.com www.prisonplanet.tv twitter.com www.facebook.com [Join The Alex Jones Team and Start Getting Healthy Today!] www.infowarsteam.com Get all your Youngevity Products such as Beyond Tangy Tangerine, the Alex Pack and Pollen Burst. These supplements are a great way to get your essentials vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other beneficial nutrients [[[ProPur Water Filtration]]] www.infowarsshop.com
http://wn.com/Wayne_Madsen_Benghazi_Attack,_Another_Fast_Furious_Gone_Bad!
Alex presents special live coverage of the election and offers a roster of dynamic guests, including: Trends forecaster Gerald Celente, former trader and television host Max Keiser, investigative journalist Wayne Madsen, economist and former Assistant Secretary of the Treasury in the Reagan Administration Paul Craig Roberts, former congressional chief of staff for Ron Paul, Lew Rockwell, author and former director at Goldman Sachs, Nomi Prins, and historian and author Webster Tarpley. Alex and his guests will offer concise analysis and commentary until midnight. www.waynemadsenreport.com ORDER THIS SURVIVAL DVD AND START GETTING PREPARED TODAY AT... www.infowarsshop.com Joel Skousen sits down with Alex Jones and discusses strategies on how to prepare for and survive major disasters. www.infowars.com www.prisonplanet.tv twitter.com www.facebook.com [Join The Alex Jones Team and Start Getting Healthy Today!] www.infowarsteam.com Get all your Youngevity Products such as Beyond Tangy Tangerine, the Alex Pack and Pollen Burst. These supplements are a great way to get your essentials vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other beneficial nutrients [[[ProPur Water Filtration]]] www.infowarsshop.com
- published: 07 Nov 2012
- views: 7777
- author: TheAlexJonesChannel
Part 2 - The Security Failures of Benghazi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 57:05
- Updated: 10 Jan 2013
On October 10, 2012, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform held a hearing entitled, "The Security Failures of Benghazi" to examine the state of security at the US Embassy and Consulate in Libya prior to the assassination of Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and his colleagues on September 11, 2012.
http://wn.com/Part_2_The_Security_Failures_of_Benghazi
On October 10, 2012, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform held a hearing entitled, "The Security Failures of Benghazi" to examine the state of security at the US Embassy and Consulate in Libya prior to the assassination of Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and his colleagues on September 11, 2012.
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 11341
- author: oversightandreform
Proof Obama Deserted Americans in Benghazi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:10
- Updated: 06 Jan 2013
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
http://wn.com/Proof_Obama_Deserted_Americans_in_Benghazi
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
- published: 23 Dec 2012
- views: 14234
- author: WCJournalism
Benghazi Blood on Obama's Hands
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 18 Jan 2013
Video produced by www.westernjournalism.com
http://wn.com/Benghazi_Blood_on_Obama's_Hands
CNN BLOWS: CLINTON'S FAKE 'BENGHAZI' BLOOD CLOT
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:03
- Updated: 17 Jan 2013
SUBSCRIBE NOW!! www.youtube.com AMTV WEBSITE: www.amtvmedia.com GREENEWAVE WEBSITE: www.greenewave.com MY FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com MY TWITTER: twitter.com MY GOOGLE+ plus.google.com -==DONATE LINK==- www.greenewave.com 1-1-2013: On today's special New Years Day broadcast, Christopher Greene of AMTV rants on Hillary Clinton's fake concussion and details Kathy Griffin's shenanigans with CNN anchor Anderson Cooper New Year's Eve. REFERENCES: Clinton's Blood Clot Is Located Near Her Brain, Doctors Say www.nytimes.com Hillary Clinton's Illness Prompts Conspiracy Theories www.weeklystandard.com Kathy Griffin Kisses Anderson Cooper's Crotch On National Television Read more: newsbusters.org
http://wn.com/CNN_BLOWS_CLINTON'S_FAKE_'BENGHAZI'_BLOOD_CLOT
SUBSCRIBE NOW!! www.youtube.com AMTV WEBSITE: www.amtvmedia.com GREENEWAVE WEBSITE: www.greenewave.com MY FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com MY TWITTER: twitter.com MY GOOGLE+ plus.google.com -==DONATE LINK==- www.greenewave.com 1-1-2013: On today's special New Years Day broadcast, Christopher Greene of AMTV rants on Hillary Clinton's fake concussion and details Kathy Griffin's shenanigans with CNN anchor Anderson Cooper New Year's Eve. REFERENCES: Clinton's Blood Clot Is Located Near Her Brain, Doctors Say www.nytimes.com Hillary Clinton's Illness Prompts Conspiracy Theories www.weeklystandard.com Kathy Griffin Kisses Anderson Cooper's Crotch On National Television Read more: newsbusters.org
- published: 02 Jan 2013
- views: 10546
- author: cgreene34
Benghazi: US Foreign Policy and the Influence of Shariah Doctrine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 94:23
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
At 12:30PM on Tuesday, November 13 at Hillsdale College in Washington, DC, the Center for Security Policy is pleased to present a live-streamed panel discussion with three of America's top experts on the shariah doctrinal threat to national security. Dr. Andrew Bostom, Diana West and Stephen Coughlin will be joined by Frank Gaffney to discuss, "Benghazi: US Foreign Policy and the Influence of Shariah Doctrine." Featuring nationally-recognized experts and authors: * Dr. Andrew G. Bostom - author of Sharia versus Freedom (Prometheus Books, October 2012). Dr. Bostom's earlier publications include The Legacy of Islamic Anti-Semitism: From Sacred Texts to Solemn History and The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims. He posts regularly at www.andrewbostom.org * Diana West - author of American Betrayal: The Secret Assault on Our Nation's Character (St. Martin's Press, April 2013). Ms. West's earlier publications include The Death of the Grown-Up: How America's Arrested Development Is Bringing Down Western Civilization and Shariah: The Threat To America: An Exercise In Competitive Analysis (Report of Team B II). She posts regularly at dianawest.net * Stephen Coughlin - author of Catastrophic Failure The Big Lie in the War on Terror (Center for Security Policy Press, January 2013). Mr. Coughlin's earlier publications include Shariah: The Threat To America: An Exercise In Competitive Analysis (Report of Team B II) , and "To Our Great Detriment: Ignoring What ...
http://wn.com/Benghazi_US_Foreign_Policy_and_the_Influence_of_Shariah_Doctrine
At 12:30PM on Tuesday, November 13 at Hillsdale College in Washington, DC, the Center for Security Policy is pleased to present a live-streamed panel discussion with three of America's top experts on the shariah doctrinal threat to national security. Dr. Andrew Bostom, Diana West and Stephen Coughlin will be joined by Frank Gaffney to discuss, "Benghazi: US Foreign Policy and the Influence of Shariah Doctrine." Featuring nationally-recognized experts and authors: * Dr. Andrew G. Bostom - author of Sharia versus Freedom (Prometheus Books, October 2012). Dr. Bostom's earlier publications include The Legacy of Islamic Anti-Semitism: From Sacred Texts to Solemn History and The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims. He posts regularly at www.andrewbostom.org * Diana West - author of American Betrayal: The Secret Assault on Our Nation's Character (St. Martin's Press, April 2013). Ms. West's earlier publications include The Death of the Grown-Up: How America's Arrested Development Is Bringing Down Western Civilization and Shariah: The Threat To America: An Exercise In Competitive Analysis (Report of Team B II). She posts regularly at dianawest.net * Stephen Coughlin - author of Catastrophic Failure The Big Lie in the War on Terror (Center for Security Policy Press, January 2013). Mr. Coughlin's earlier publications include Shariah: The Threat To America: An Exercise In Competitive Analysis (Report of Team B II) , and "To Our Great Detriment: Ignoring What ...
- published: 13 Nov 2012
- views: 5517
- author: securefreedom
Oversight Hearing Part 1 - "The Security Failures of Benghazi"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 193:00
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
On October 10, 2012, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform held a hearing entitled, "The Security Failures of Benghazi" to examine the state of security at the US Embassy and Consulate in Libya prior to the assassination of Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and his colleagues on September 11, 2012.
http://wn.com/Oversight_Hearing_Part_1_The_Security_Failures_of_Benghazi
On October 10, 2012, the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform held a hearing entitled, "The Security Failures of Benghazi" to examine the state of security at the US Embassy and Consulate in Libya prior to the assassination of Ambassador J. Christopher Stevens and his colleagues on September 11, 2012.
- published: 10 Oct 2012
- views: 22550
- author: oversightandreform
Benghazi: Soledad O'Brien Calls Out Giuliani
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:13
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
"CNN host Soledad O'Brien and Rudy Giuliani clashed on Monday, with the the former New York City mayor accusing O'Brien of trying to blame George W. Bush for the attack on the US consulate in Benghazi, Libya. While interviewing Giuliani, O'Brien played a clip of former Bush adviser Matthew Dowd comparing Benghazi to the invasion of Iraq, arguing it was possible for the intelligence to be initially wrong on Benghazi, just as intelligence indicating Iraq had weapons of mass destruction turned out to be false. "We're going to blame this on Bush, too?" Giuliani said. "You've got to stop putting words in my mouth, sir," O'Brien retorted. "Let me finish, because every time I ask you a question, let me finish my point — every time I ask you a question, you like to push back like the question I'm asking you is unfair. It's not. I'm a journalist, you said some things. I'm trying to get accurate responses from you. You are welcome to answer." "OK, here's the answer: It sounds like we're trying to blame Benghazi on Bush," Giuliani responded. "It's absurd to blame Benghazi on Bush. All [President Barack Obama] needs to do is answer a simple question: Did he know about the consulate attacks that took place before Sept. 11, 2012? There were two of them, one of which blew a hole in the embassy wall. Also, did he know the British consulate, which was basically next door, that they moved out because of the tremendous amount of risk to that consulate?" The attack on the consulate in ...
http://wn.com/Benghazi_Soledad_O'Brien_Calls_Out_Giuliani
"CNN host Soledad O'Brien and Rudy Giuliani clashed on Monday, with the the former New York City mayor accusing O'Brien of trying to blame George W. Bush for the attack on the US consulate in Benghazi, Libya. While interviewing Giuliani, O'Brien played a clip of former Bush adviser Matthew Dowd comparing Benghazi to the invasion of Iraq, arguing it was possible for the intelligence to be initially wrong on Benghazi, just as intelligence indicating Iraq had weapons of mass destruction turned out to be false. "We're going to blame this on Bush, too?" Giuliani said. "You've got to stop putting words in my mouth, sir," O'Brien retorted. "Let me finish, because every time I ask you a question, let me finish my point — every time I ask you a question, you like to push back like the question I'm asking you is unfair. It's not. I'm a journalist, you said some things. I'm trying to get accurate responses from you. You are welcome to answer." "OK, here's the answer: It sounds like we're trying to blame Benghazi on Bush," Giuliani responded. "It's absurd to blame Benghazi on Bush. All [President Barack Obama] needs to do is answer a simple question: Did he know about the consulate attacks that took place before Sept. 11, 2012? There were two of them, one of which blew a hole in the embassy wall. Also, did he know the British consulate, which was basically next door, that they moved out because of the tremendous amount of risk to that consulate?" The attack on the consulate in ...
- published: 23 Oct 2012
- views: 59296
- author: TheYoungTurks
BREAKING VETERAN EXPOSES OBAMA BENGHAZI MILITARY EXPOSING HIM !
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:54
- Updated: 16 Jan 2013
BREAKING VETERAN EXPOSES OBAMA BENGHAZI MILITARY EXPOSING HIM ! Video By: www.youtube.com "All voters should consider everything I will tell you here in regards to the attacks on our embassy which killed 4 Americans Our military and veterans are all in a our rage over this cover up by this president and we are now speaking out! I shall give you the details here to what actually happen in regards to these attacks. If you care so, much for our military then, listen to my message ! Thank you & God Bless !" Tag Cloud: NwoSatire Illuminati NWO Alien Invasion "New World Order" Draconians Draconian Galaxy Andromedans War Conflict Endgame 2012 2013 ExoPolitics UFO OVNI NeutronBeams Neutronobeams channeling Transhumanism "Artificial Beings" Reptilians UfoDisclosure2012 "Hidden Human History" 1Anunnaki Anunnaki SuppressedArcheology "Ancient Aliens" Ancient Alien Intervention StarGate Enki Enlil Babylon Sumer Marduk Anu "Serpent Gods" Anomaly "Untold Mysteries" UntoldMysteries Weird Secret Suppressed Space Egypt Nephalim Tiamat Illuminati Warning Secret Help Fear Afraid "Barack Obama" "Mitt Romney" UFO "Alien Invasion" 2012 Nibiru Elenin wtc "twin towers" conspiracy "wtc 7" illumicorp freemason freemasonry mason crash explosion 9/11 "September 11, 2001" "December 21, 2012" 12/21/12 "men in black" x-files real fbi cia "secret service" war chemtrails exposed ats "above top secret" abovetopsecret insane "third eye" "mother jones" motherjones mother jones third eye speech pentagram ...
http://wn.com/BREAKING_VETERAN_EXPOSES_OBAMA_BENGHAZI_MILITARY_EXPOSING_HIM_!
BREAKING VETERAN EXPOSES OBAMA BENGHAZI MILITARY EXPOSING HIM ! Video By: www.youtube.com "All voters should consider everything I will tell you here in regards to the attacks on our embassy which killed 4 Americans Our military and veterans are all in a our rage over this cover up by this president and we are now speaking out! I shall give you the details here to what actually happen in regards to these attacks. If you care so, much for our military then, listen to my message ! Thank you & God Bless !" Tag Cloud: NwoSatire Illuminati NWO Alien Invasion "New World Order" Draconians Draconian Galaxy Andromedans War Conflict Endgame 2012 2013 ExoPolitics UFO OVNI NeutronBeams Neutronobeams channeling Transhumanism "Artificial Beings" Reptilians UfoDisclosure2012 "Hidden Human History" 1Anunnaki Anunnaki SuppressedArcheology "Ancient Aliens" Ancient Alien Intervention StarGate Enki Enlil Babylon Sumer Marduk Anu "Serpent Gods" Anomaly "Untold Mysteries" UntoldMysteries Weird Secret Suppressed Space Egypt Nephalim Tiamat Illuminati Warning Secret Help Fear Afraid "Barack Obama" "Mitt Romney" UFO "Alien Invasion" 2012 Nibiru Elenin wtc "twin towers" conspiracy "wtc 7" illumicorp freemason freemasonry mason crash explosion 9/11 "September 11, 2001" "December 21, 2012" 12/21/12 "men in black" x-files real fbi cia "secret service" war chemtrails exposed ats "above top secret" abovetopsecret insane "third eye" "mother jones" motherjones mother jones third eye speech pentagram ...
- published: 11 Nov 2012
- views: 8145
- author: TheCoop30301
photo: AP / Echorouk Elyaoumi
21 Jan 2013
Algerian security forces on Sunday made grisly discoveries of dozens of bodies at a sprawling natural gas facility, a day after a violent showdown put an end to an international hostage crisis. But as Algeria tallied up the losses, a debate was emerging about whether the militant group linked to al-Qaida that seized the plant had been intent on a massacre or whether it had simply been after money ... ....(size: 2.9Kb)
photo: US Army / Sgt. 1st Class Abram Pinnington
20 Jan 2013
WASHINGTON -- The war rages about cities with names such as Goa and Timbuktu, in a sparsely populated, mostly flat, dusty and landlocked country in northwest Africa ... It sounds as if it could be the plot for a new Indiana Jones adventure ... The war in Mali is the new front in the war on international terrorism.Advertisement. Some U.S ... Afghanistan ... J ... The U.N ... Consulate in Benghazi, Libya, in which four Americans _ including the U.S ... ....(size: 6.6Kb)
photo: AP / Anis Belghoul
22 Jan 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When then-Vice President Dick Cheney stated. "If there's a 1% chance that Pakistani scientists are helping al-Qaeda build or develop a nuclear weapon, we have to treat it as a certainty in terms of our response. It's not about our analysis...it's about our response,"(1) it was clearly evident that the "war on terror" had been lost ... And when Zacarias Moussaoui shouted. "America you lost ... 11....(size: 9.1Kb)
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
20 Jan 2013
The world's 100 richest people earned enough money last year to end world extreme poverty four times over, according to released by international rights group and charity Oxfam. The $240 billion net income of the world's 100 richest billionaires would have ended poverty four times over, according to the London-based group's report released on Saturday ... [...] We're anti-poverty agency ... You don't normally hear us talking about wealth ... ....(size: 18.5Kb)
photo: AP
22 Jan 2013
The UK government is to discuss offering more help to French forces fighting Islamist rebels in Mali. David Cameron has said there could be further assistance with transport and surveillance. Two military aircraft have already been loaned to the French. The Ministry of Defence says there are no plans for a ground combat role ... 'Frustrate terrorists'. Speaking in the House of Commons on Monday, the UK prime minister said ... ....(size: 3.9Kb)
noodls
23 Jan 2013
Clinton's Benghazi hearing on Wednesday ... ambassador, Chris Stevens, was exploring the idea of moving the compound in Benghazi to a different location, adjacent the CIA annex, which would have been safer and more secure. But ultimately that plan was ......(size: 1.6Kb)
The Washington Times
23 Jan 2013
Facebook. Follow @washtimes. Will Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton be forthright before Congress about the attack in Benghazi?. View results. NEW YORK (AP) - IBM’s fourth-quarter earnings grew 6 percent even as revenue was largely flat, as the company benefited from growing, lucrative software businesses such as Internet-based computing and data analytics ... IBM Corp ... Republicans expect Clinton’s account of Benghazi....(size: 5.6Kb)
The Washington Times
23 Jan 2013
Facebook. Follow @washtimes. Will Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton be forthright before Congress about the attack in Benghazi?. View results. Florida Rep ... Speculation arose months ago about Ms ... Schultz to continue a second term ... In her acceptance speech she referenced Mr ... ....(size: 1.3Kb)
The Washington Times
23 Jan 2013
Follow @daveboyer. Recent Entries. Although he's behaving as if he wants to run for president, Vice President Joseph R. Biden said Tuesday he doesn't know what he'll do in 2016. "I haven't made that decision," Mr ... Republicans expect Clinton’s account of Benghazi. Newsletter....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Washington Times
23 Jan 2013
Facebook. Follow @washtimes. Will Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton be forthright before Congress about the attack in Benghazi?. View results. NEW YORK (AP) - Jets coach Rex Ryan was uninjured in a three-car accident in eastern Pennsylvania on Jan. 14, the team has confirmed. Ryan was issued a warning and no citation, a team spokesman says Tuesday ... when he collided with another car, which smacked into a third. ___. Online ... CAMPBELL....(size: 3.8Kb)
The Washington Times
23 Jan 2013
Follow @lukerosiak. Recent Entries. A government watchdog group that often has attacked the secrecy of Republican-leaning political money machines turned its sights on President Obama Tuesday, giving a scathing review of his decision to turn his campaign committee into a little-regulated nonprofit group ... Mr ... Wertheimer said ... in office." ... Wertheimer said ... Wertheimer said ... Wertheimer said ... Republicans expect Clinton’s account of Benghazi....(size: 3.8Kb)
The Washington Times
23 Jan 2013
Facebook. Follow @washtimes. Will Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton be forthright before Congress about the attack in Benghazi?. View results. NEW YORK (AP) - The NFL is looking into Tom Brady’s leg-up slide that hit Ravens safety Ed Reed in the AFC championship game. League spokesman Greg Aiello said Tuesday “any play of that nature is routinely reviewed.” ... Reed was not injured ... “It has to go both ways ... ___....(size: 4.7Kb)
The Washington Times
23 Jan 2013
Facebook. Follow @washtimes. Will Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton be forthright before Congress about the attack in Benghazi?. View results. Don’t let the Harbaugh brothers divert your attention from a coaching matchup that will have a greater effect on the final outcome of Super Bowl XLVII — or, as we might eventually remember it, the first Super Bowl of the Quarterback Zone Read Era ... That already is established ... ....(size: 4.1Kb)
Voa News
22 Jan 2013
mission in the Libyan city of Benghazi that killed four Americans, including Ambassador Chris Stevens ... diplomats are doing to put in place recommendations from an Accountability Review Board investigation into the Benghazi attack ... diplomats were in Benghazi last September 11, given documented concern about security there....(size: 2.2Kb)
The Examiner
22 Jan 2013
Although the administration and its abettors in the mainstream media have done their darnedest to sweep the Benghazi fiasco under the rug, those in pursuit of the truth have been equally dogged in their efforts to find answers ... Titled “The Benghazi Attack of September 11, 2012 ... “We’ve seen the heavy assault on our post in Benghazi that took the lives of those brave men....(size: 4.9Kb)
The Washington Post
22 Jan 2013
diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, although investigations found that local guards did little help to fend off the attack and may have been complicit with the attackers. Local guard contracting is only one of the many issues lawmakers plan to raise when they grill outgoing Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton in Wednesday hearings in the Senate and House on Benghazi and the broader problems of protecting U.S....(size: 3.7Kb)
The Washington Times
22 Jan 2013
Facebook. Follow @washtimes ... View results ... 11 terrorist attack on the U.S. mission in Benghazi, Libya — including how the U.S ... Several hours later, his body was brought to the Benghazi Medical Center by a half-dozen Libyan “good Samaritans,” who entered the compound “among the hordes of looters and bystanders” after the U.S ... military drones that were flying over Benghazi on the night of the attack ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Washington Times
22 Jan 2013
Will Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton be forthright before Congress about the attack in Benghazi? ... compound in Benghazi, Ambassador Chris Stevens sent a cable to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton painting a chaotic, violent portrait of the eastern Libya city and warning that local militias were threatening to pull the security they afforded U.S ... Republicans expect Clinton’s account of Benghazi....(size: 7.4Kb)
For the 1955 American film, see Bengazi (film).
 |
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
|
| Benghazi بنغازي |
|
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
|
 Benghazi
|
|
| Coordinates: 32°07′N 20°04′E / 32.117°N 20.067°E / 32.117; 20.067 | |
| Country |  Libya |
| Region | Cyrenaica |
| District | Benghazi |
| Settled | as Euesperides (circa 525 BC) |
| Renamed | • Berenice (circa middle of 3rd century BC) • Hesperides[clarification needed] • Barneeq (circa middle of 7th century AD) • Marsa ibn Ghazi (circa 16th century) • Bani Ghazi[clarification needed] • Benghazi[clarification needed] |
| Area | |
| • | 60 km2 (20 sq mi) |
| Elevation[1] | 2 m (7 ft) |
| Population (2011)[2] | |
| • Total | over 650,000 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 |
| Area code(s) | 061 |
Benghazi (/bɛnˈɡɑːzi/; Arabic: بنغازي[3] Binġāzī, Libyan Arabic: [bənˈʁɑːzi] ( listen), Italian: Bengasi; Turkish: Bingazi; also: Bengasi,[4] Benghasi,[5] Banghāzī,[6] Binghāzī,[7] Bengazi,[8] Βερενίκη Berenice[9] and Hesperides[10]) is the second largest city in Libya, the main city (or capital) of the Cyrenaica region (or ex-Province), and the former provisional capital of the National Transitional Council.[11] The wider metropolitan area (which includes the southern towns of Gimeenis and Suluq) is also a district of Libya. The port city is located on the Mediterranean Sea.
During the Kingdom era of Libya's history, Benghazi enjoyed a sort of joint-capital status (alongside Tripoli), possibly because the King used to reside in the nearby city of Bayda and the Senussis (royal family) in general were associated with Cyrenaica rather than Tripolitania. Benghazi continues to hold institutions and organizations normally associated with a national capital city. This creates a constant atmosphere of rivalry and sensitivities between Benghazi and Tripoli and by extension between the two regions (Cyrenaica and Tripolitania). The population of the entire district was 500,120 in 1995 (census) and has increased to 670,797 in the 2006 census.[2]
On the 15th of February 2011[12], an uprising against the government of Muammar Gaddafi occurred in the city.[13] On 21 February, the city was taken by Gaddafi opponents, who founded the National Transitional Council days later.[14] On the 19th of March it was the site of the turning point of the 2011 Libyan civil war, when the Libyan Army attempted to score a decisive victory against the NTC by attacking Benghazi, but was forced back by locals resistance and intervention from French Air Force authorized by UNSC Resolution 1973 to protect civilians, allowing the rebellion to continue.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Benghazi
Ancient Greek colony[link]
The Ancient Greek city that existed within the modern day boundaries of Benghazi was founded around 525 BC and called Euesperides. It was probably founded by people from Cyrene or Barce on the edge of a lagoon which opened from the sea and which at the time may have been deep enough to receive small sailing vessels. The name was attributed to the fertility of the neighbourhood, which gave rise to the mythological associations with the garden of the Hesperides[15] The ancient city existed on a raised piece of land opposite what is now the Sidi-Abayd graveyard in the Northern Benghazi suburb of Sbikhat al-Salmani (al-Salmani Marsh).
The city is first mentioned by ancient sources in Herodotus' account of the revolt of Barca and the Persian expedition to Cyrenaica in c. 515 BC, where we learn that the unitive force sent by the satrap in Egypt conquered most of Cyrenaica and reached as far west as Euesperides.[16] The oldest coins minted in the city date back to 480 BC. One side of those coins has an engraving of Delphi. The other side is an engraving of a silphium plant, which once formed the crux of trade from Cyranaica because of its use as a rich seasoning and as a medicine. Its coinage suggests that it must have enjoyed an intermittent autonomy from Cyrene in the early 5th century BC, when the coins of Euesperides had their own types, distinct from those of Cyrene with the legend EU(ES).
The city was in hostile territory and was surrounded by inhospitable tribes. The Greek historian Thucydides mentions a siege of the city in 414 BC by Libyan tribes who were probably the Nasamones. Euesperides was saved by the chance arrival of Spartan general Gylippus and his fleet, who were blown to Libya by contrary winds on their way to Sicily.[17]
One of the Cyrenean kings whose fate is tragically connected with the city is Arcesilaus IV. The King used his chariot victory at the Pythian Games of 462 BC to attract new settlers to Euesperides, where Arcesilaus hoped to create a safe refuge for himself against the resentment of his people in Cyrene. This proved totally ineffective, since when the King fled to Euesperides during the anticipated revolution (around 440 BC), he was assassinated, thus terminating the almost two hundred year rule of the Battiad dynasty.
From an inscription found in modern Benghazi and dated around the middle of the 4th century BC, we learn that the city had a similar constitution to that of Cyrene, with a board of chief magistrates (ephors) and a council of elders (gerontes). Later in the 4th century BC, during the unsettling period which followed Alexander's death, the city backed the losing side in a revolt led by the Spartan adventurer Thibron; he was trying to create an empire for himself, but was defeated by the Cyreneans and their Libyan allies.
After the marriage of Ptolemy III to Berenice, daughter of the Cyrenean Governor Magas, around the middle of the 3rd century BC, many Cyrenaican cities were renamed to mark the occasion. Euesperides became Berenice and the change of name also involved a relocation. Its desertion was probably due to the silting up of the lagoons; Berenice, the place they moved to, lies underneath Benghazi's modern city centre. The Greek colony had lasted from the 6th to the mid-3rd centuries BC.
Carthaginians and Romans[link]
Modern Benghazi, on the Gulf of Sidra, lies a little southwest of the site of the ancient Greek city of Berenice or Berenicis. That city was traditionally founded in 446 BC (different sources give different dates like 347 BC[18] or 249 BC[19]), by a brother of the king of Cyrene, but got the name Berenice only when it was refounded in the 3rd century BC under the patronage of Berenice (Berenike), the daughter of Magas, king of Cyrene, and wife of Ptolemy III Euergetes, the ruler of Egypt. The new city was later given the name Hesperides, in reference to the Hesperides, the guardians of the mythic western paradise. The name may have also referred to green oases in low-lying areas in the nearby coastal plain. Benghazi later became a Roman city and prospered for 600 years. The city superseded Cyrene and Barca as the chief center of Cyrenaica after the 3rd century AD and during the Persian attacks; in 642-643, it had dwindled to an insignificant village among magnificent ruins.
Ottoman province[link]
In the 13th century, the small settlement became an important player in the trade growing up between Genoese merchants and the tribes of the hinterland. In 16th century maps, the name of Marsa ibn Ghazi appears.
Benghazi had a strategic port location, one that was too useful to be ignored by the Ottomans. In 1578, the Turks invaded Benghazi and it was ruled from Tripoli by the Karamanlis from 1711 to 1835; it then passed under direct Ottoman rule until 1911. Under Ottoman rule, Benghazi was the most impoverished of the Ottoman provinces. It had neither a paved road nor telegraph service, and the harbor was too silted to permit the access of shipping. Greek and Italian sponge fishermen worked its coastal waters. In 1858, and again in 1874, Benghazi was devastated by bubonic plague.
Italian colonial rule[link]
In 1911, Benghazi was invaded by the Italians. Nearly half the local population of Cyrenaica under the leadership of Omar Mukhtar resisted the Italian occupation. Cyrenaica suffered oppression, particularly under the fascist dictator Mussolini. About 125,000 Libyans were forced into concentration camps, about one-third of whom perished (mainly because of epidemics).
In the early 1930s, the revolt was over and the Italians—under governor Italo Balbo—started to assimilate the local population with friendly policies: many new villages for Cyrenaicans were created with health services and schools.
Additionally Cyrenaica was populated by more than 20,000 Italian colonists in the late 1930s, mainly around the coast of Benghazi. Benghazi population was made by more than 35 per cent of Italians in 1939.[20]
As a consequence, there was in Cyrenaica and mostly in Benghazi a huge economic development in the second half of the 1930s. Benghazi was going to be connected in 1940 by a new railway to Tripoli, but in summer of that year war started between Italians and British and all the improvements were stopped.
World War II[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
During the actions of Operation Compass during World War II, Benghazi was captured by the Australian 6th Division on 6 February 1941.
It was recaptured by Axis powers, led by General Erwin Rommel of the German Africa Corps, on 3 April. It was taken again during Operation Crusader by the British on 24 December only to change hands again on 29 January 1942 in the Africa Corps's push to Egypt and the fateful Battle of El Alamein – 106 kilometres (66 miles) from Alexandria, Egypt – in which British troops led by General Bernard Montgomery defeated the Africa Corps in the decisive battle of the North African portion of World War II; the Africa Corps remnants then made a long steady retreat across Libya passing through Benghazi for the final time.
On 20 November, Benghazi was captured by the British Eighth Army and thereafter held by the British until over 250,000 German soldiers and their Italian allies in North Africa surrendered in May 1943. This after being hemmed into the Tunisian port cities of Tunis and Bizerte, by the British advancing from the east and an Anglo-American army, under the command of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, advancing from the west, this being America's entry into the European-North African theatre of World War II. This effectively ended Axis operations in the North African portion of World War II.
Contemporary Benghazi[link]
Heavily bombed in World War II, Benghazi was later rebuilt with the country's newly found oil wealth as a gleaming showpiece of modern Libya. It became the capital city of Emirate of Cyrenaica (1949–1951) under Idris Senussi I. In 1951, Cyrenaica was merged with Tripolitania and Fezzan to form the independent Kingdom of Libya, of which both Benghazi and Tripoli were capital cities. Benghazi lost its capital status when the Free Officers under the leadership of Muammar Gaddafi staged a coup d'état in 1969, whereafter all government institutions were concentrated in Tripoli. Even though King Idris was forced into exile and the monarchy abolished, support for the Senussi dynasty remained strong in Cyrenaica. This was emphasized by real or perceived injustices from the government towards the people of Benghazi, including the demolition in the year 2000 of the arena of football club Alahly Benghazi S.C., following anti-government protests.[21][22]
On 15 April 1986 US Airforce and Navy planes bombed Benghazi and Tripoli. President Ronald Reagan justified the attacks by claiming Libya was responsible for terrorism directed at the USA, including the bombing of La Belle discothèque in West Berlin ten days before.
2011 Uprising (17 February Revolution)[link]
Further information: 2011 Libyan civil war
Main articles: First Battle of Benghazi and Second Battle of Benghazi
In February 2011, the city was the scene of violent protests. There were reports of the military and mercenaries[23] being sent to "likely trouble spots", sections of the city being cordoned off, killings, and the destruction of the homes of those suspected of anti-Gaddafi regime sympathies. At least 200 people were killed in the protests against the government.[24]
The former Libyan flag used in the Kingdom of Libya has been used by many protesters as an opposition flag.[25][26] Demonstrators to Colonel Gaddafi were also seen carrying images of King Idris I. Benghazi and the Cyrenaica have been traditional strongholds of the royal Senussi dynasty.[27]
As of 21 February, the city was reported to be largely controlled by the opposition. The widely loathed mayor, Huda Ben Amer, nicknamed "the Executioner", fled the city for Tripoli.[28] Residents organised to direct traffic and collect refuse.[14] By 24 February, a committee made up of lawyers, judges and respected local people had been formed in order to provide civic administration and public services within the city. Two local radio stations, operated by Voice of Free Libya, along with a newspaper, were also established.[14][29]
From 26 February to 26 August, Benghazi was the temporary headquarters of the National Transitional Council which is led by the former justice minister, Mustafa Abdul Jalil, until Tripoli was liberated.[11]
On 19 March, pro-Gaddafi forces tried to defeat the rebellion when they began attacking the city of Benghazi in a major offensive, but were forced back when the Free Libyan Air Force attacked their convoy which had now reached a bridge between the neighborhoods of Al-Fuwayhat and Tabalino. Their is documented video evidence of these events. The Free Libyan Air Force started targeted bombing of the pro-Gaddafi forces in the early hours of the morning until that late afternoon when NATO forces began implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973.[30]
On 1 June, explosives were detonated in a car near the Tibesti Hotel,[31] with a rebel spokesman calling the bombing a "cowardly act". It was suspected that an officer was killed, and many people started to shout out anti-Gaddafi chants while the Tibesti was cordoned off.[31]
On the 19th of May 2012, residents of Benghazi, have voted in historic local elections, this was the first time such elections have been held in the city since the 1960s, and turnout was high.
Administrative divisions[link]
Benghazi is one of Libya's 22 shabiyahs (people's districts). Benghazi shabiyah is divided into 32 Basic People's Congress administrative divisions, in which the responsibilities of the corresponding political units of the same name fall. The official 32 Basic People's Congresses of Benghazi are:[32]
|
|
|
|
Geography[link]
|
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Benghazi is one of the sub-regions of the area referred to as Cyrenaica, the others being the Jebel Akhdar and the coastal plain running east of Apollonia. Cyrenaica is surrounded by desert on three sides, hence in ancient times the most accessible civilisation was to the North, across the Mediterranean, in Crete and Greece, only 400 kilometres (250 miles) away.
Benghazi is surrounded by the "barr", arid steppe. The Jebel Akhdar, literally, "the Green Mountain", just north of Benghazi, rises to the east. Here the vegetation and climate is more Mediterranean in feel with none of the desert landscapes found further south. A large section of the western Jebel Akhdar is taken up by the fertile Marj plain. Further east is the second level of the Jebel Akhdar, between 500 metres (1,600 feet) and over 875 m (2,871 ft) above sea level, often thickly wooded and cut by ravines. Annual rainfall here, especially around Cyrene, can reach 500 millimetres (20 inches). It was this fertile site northeast of Benghazi that the Greeks chose for their settlement. The soil in Benghazi is a rich red colour and very clayey. Sirocco winds are not uncommon in the city, and as such, many of Benghazi's smaller streets and buildings can be quite dusty.
To the north, below the steep cliffs of the plateau, lies a narrow belt of Mediterranean farmland. Olives and other mediterrenean fruits and vegetables are grown here. To the south, the forest and farmland gives way to juniper bush maquis and pre-desert scrub with some winter grazing.
As a district, Benghazi borders Hizam Al Akhdar, which surrounds it on land.
Climate[link]
Benghazi has a warm semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSh). To the north of the city is the Mediterranean Jabal Al-Akhdar, and to the south the climate is desert- like. Summers in Benghazi are hot and dry. Winters are mild with occasional rain. Annual rainfall is low at 268 mm (10.6 in) per year. The city's local water supply is supplemented by groundwater transported from the aquifers of southern Libya along the Great Manmade River.
| Climate data for Benghazi, 1961-1990 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.9 (76.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
31.9 (89.4) |
30.7 (87.3) |
27.6 (81.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
25.28 (77.51) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
16.6 (61.9) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
15.01 (59.01) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 66.8 (2.63) |
41.4 (1.63) |
27.8 (1.094) |
7.6 (0.299) |
3.3 (0.13) |
0.4 (0.016) |
0.0 (0) |
0.2 (0.008) |
3.3 (0.13) |
21.0 (0.827) |
33.2 (1.307) |
64.6 (2.543) |
269.6 (10.614) |
| Source: WMO [33] | |||||||||||||
Natural recreation and parks[link]
|
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Although Benghazi does not have a high percentage of green space per resident, there are a few public parks and green recreational areas in the city. Perhaps the most famous is the zoological garden and theme park in Al-Fuwayhat; the park is referred to locally as al-Bosco, a colloquial Italian name for zoo/forest. The park is a combination of a zoo full of trees built during Italian rule (which contains wild cats, primates, elephants, birds and other animals) and a small theme park of electric rides, added later in the 1980s as part of a redevelopment of the entire site. It is one of the most popular parks in Benghazi, and is very busy on public holidays, as well as amongst school children and scouts on outings.
On Gamal Abdel Nasser Street is the 23rd of July Park, another large green space which faces the Tibesti Hotel and borders the waterfront. The park is popular amongst teenagers, and families on Thursday nights (as Friday is a day off work throughout Libya). Another large and popular park is al-Buduzira in North Benghazi on the al-'Uruba Road in al-Kwayfiya. The park surrounds a natural lake, and is more rugged in nature than the city parks. A section of al-Buduzira is also a water park with large slides, whilst the southern part of the park has picnic areas which are popular in the summers.
Economy[link]
Benghazi, as the principal city of eastern Libya, is one of Libya's major economic centres. The city has an important port which is vital to the economy, as Libya imports many foodstuffs and manufactured products. Benghazi is also an industrial and commercial centre in Libya. Major manufactured goods include processed food, textiles, tanning, processed salt and construction materials, particularly cement; a large cement factory is located in al-Hawari. Food processing is based on local fish, imported goods, and the produce of irrigated coastal lowlands and the nearby Jabal al-Akdhar Mountains, including cereal, dates, olives, wool and meat.[34]
Finance is also important to the city's economy, with the Libyan Bank of Commerce and Development maintaining branches in Benghazi; the Bank's headquarters is a high office tower on Gamal Abdel Nasser Street in el-Berka. Other large banks include the Central Bank of Libya office in the city centre.
The oil industry drives the city's commerce. Large national companies such as the Al-Brega Oil Marketing Company and the Arabian Gulf Oil Company are important to the city's economy and employ many people. An increase in consumer prices has been coupled with an increase in the importance of the retail sector to the city's economy.[when?] In recent years, international franchises such as United Colors of Benetton, H&M and Nike have opened in Benghazi.
Tourism is still in its very early stages in Libya. The industry is however growing in importance in Benghazi. The majority of tourists that visit Eastern Libya use Benghazi as a base for which to explore the Greek ruins in Cyrene or to make desert excursions south in Kufra. The two main hotels in the city are the Tibesti Hotel and Uzu Hotel, and several other hotels have opened in recent years[when?] to cater for increased demand. Handicrafts are found in the many souks in the city, but are of little significance to the economy.
Skanska built a good connection of speedways and flyovers in the decades after the Libyan revolution in 1969; this has made the transport of goods between Benghazi and other cities easier. Benghazi's air transport uses Benina International Airport; numerous daily flights leave for Tripoli and connections are also available to other African, Asian and European cities.
In April 2012, the Libyan economy ministry announced plans for creating a Free trade area in Benghazi.[35]
Demographics[link]
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2011) |
As with other cities in Libya, there is a reasonable amount of ethnic diversity in Benghazi. The people of eastern Libya, Benghazi included, have in the past always been of predominantly Arab descent. In recent times, however, there has been an influx of African immigrants into Benghazi. There are also many Egyptian immigrants in Benghazi. A small Greek community also exists in Benghazi. The Greek island of Crete is a short distance from Benghazi and many families in Benghazi today bear Cretan surnames. There are even a few Italian-related families, left from the colonial times before World War II.
The overwhelming majority of Libyans in Benghazi are of Arab descent, though there is a minority of Berber descent. In the 11th century, the Sa'ada tribe from the Bani Salim migrated to Cyrenaica; each sub tribe from the Sa'adi historically controlled a section of Cyrenaica. Benghazi and its surrounding areas were controlled by Barghathi tribe. In modern times, Benghazi has seen a lot of Libyans from differents parts of the country move into the city, especially since the Kingdom era. Many came to Benghazi from Misrata (about 25-30% of the population have roots from Misrata). Thus Benghazi has always been seen as a welcoming city, a city which the local Bedouins refer to as 'Benghazi rabayit al thayih' which can be translated as, 'Benghazi raises the lost' as many immigrants who arrived from Western Maghreb or ex Andalusia came with little money, clothes or food and were looked after very generously by the local Bedouin population as well as those arriving following the Italian war from Western Libya.
Education[link]
|
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
The oldest university in Libya is the University of Libya, founded by royal decree in 1955. It was initially housed in the royal Al Manar Palace before receiving its own campus in 1968. It was later split and became known as Garyounis University.
Education in Benghazi, as is throughout Libya, is compulsory and free. Compulsory education continues up until ninth grade. There are many public primary and secondary schools scattered throughout the city as well as some private and international schools such as Benghazi European School. University education is also free for all Libyan citizens in Benghazi.
The country's largest library containing over 300,000 volumes is affiliated with the university.
Religion[link]
The predominant religion in Benghazi is Islam. Practically all of the city's inhabitants are Sunni Muslims. During Islamic holidays such as Ramadan, most abstain from food; restaurants are usually empty during the day, with the exception of some expatriates and tourists. Alcohol is banned by law in Benghazi and throughout Libya in accordance with Islamic principles. The conservative Islamic nature of Benghazi creates a strong sense of family life in the city - practically all teenagers and young adults live at home until they get married. Many Muslims in Benghazi adhere to the traditional Maliki school of religious law, however much less so than in decades past. In recent years, more people are beginning to practice Salafism with the spread of literalist inclined Islamic television channels. It is not uncommon therefore to see woman wearing black niqabs and men with full beards in Benghazi because of the existence of such schools, although not exclusively for that purpose.[36] The Senussi order from which the royal dynasty sprang has traditionally enjoyed strong support in Benghazi and the Cyrenaica.
For Muslims, there are many mosques throughout Benghazi; the oldest and best known such as the Atiq and Osman mosques are located in and around the medina.
There is also a small foreign Christian community in the city. The Roman Catholic Franciscan Church of the Immaculate Conception serves Benghazi's Catholic community of roughly 4,000; there is also a disused cathedral church. For Egyptian Copts, there is a Coptic Orthodox church (which was formerly the grand synagogue) with two serving priests.[37]
Jews lived in Benghazi as they did elsewhere in Libya, from Roman times until 1967 when most were airlifted out after a series of riots in the years after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. There are no Jews remaining in Libya today.[38]
Cityscape[link]
|
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
.JPG)
The city is divided into many neighbourhoods, some of which were founded during Italian Colonial rule and many which have developed as a result of modern urban sprawl. The different neighbourhoods vary in their levels of economic prosperity, as well as their cultural, historic and social atmosphere. Generally, the city is roughly divided into the following areas: Central Benghazi (colloquially referred to as al-Blaad by locals) - includes the medina, and the old quarter, Central Districts which circle the downtown - Al-Sabri, Sidi Abayd, Sidi Hsayn, Al-Berka, Al-Salmani, Al-Hadaa'ik, Al-Fuwayhat and Al-Keesh, Central Suburbs - Al-Laythi, Bu Atni, Al-Quwarsha, Al-Hawari, Coastal Districts - Al-Kwayfiya (North), Garyounis, Bu-Fakhra and Jarrutha (South), and the Distant Suburbs - Gimeenis, Benina and Sidi Khalifa.
Central Benghazi is where the majority of Benghazi's historical monuments are located, and has the city's most popular tourist attractions. Virtually all of Benghazi's theatres, libraries, best clothing stores, markets and old mosques can be found there. The Italian quarter is also located in the centre. The central districts are mostly residential and commercial areas such as Sidi Hsayn. The central suburbs are almost entirely residential and more like little towns in their own right; Al-Quwarsha is a good example of this. The coastal districts (especially the southern districts) are where Benghazi's beaches can be found. Some sections have become more popular as residential areas in recent years (such as Qanfuda). These areas are still primarily recreational however, and many beach condominium resorts (known locally as chalets) have been built in previous years such as those at al-Nakheel beach, and the Nayrouz condominiums.
Culture[link]
|
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Benghazi is one of the cultural centres of Libya and is a base for tourists, visitors and academics in the region. Throughout its history, Benghazi has developed with a certain level of independence from the more Maghreb oriented capital Tripoli. This has influenced the city, and as such, the cultural atmosphere in Benghazi is more Arab in nature than that in Tripoli. An influx of African immigrants as well as Egyptian, Iraqi, Palestinian, Sudanese and Syrian immigrants have also influenced the city's culture to a certain extent in recent years.
The city centre contains a few local theatres, as well as the Dar al-Kutub National Library in Al-Funduq, where the works of popular local novelists like Sadeq Naihoum and Khalifa al-Fakhri can be found. Different architectural styles attest to the different empires that have controlled the city throughout history. Sport is also important in the city; two of Libya's most successful football clubs are based in Benghazi.
Architecture[link]
There are a variety of architectural styles in Benghazi, which reflect the number of times the city has changed hands throughout its history. Arab, Ottoman and Italian rule have influenced the different streetscapes, buildings and quarters in Benghazi.
Ancient architectural remains of the Greek and later Roman settlement of Berenice can be found by the Italian lighthouse. There is a trace of the 3rd century BC wall built by the Greeks, four Roman peristyle houses, six wine vats. A Byzantine church also exists on the site, with a mosaic still intact. These ruins formed the northern part of the ancient city, which extended south and east but now lies buried beneath the modern city.
The next oldest section of the city is the medina, which began to grow sometime under Medieval Arab rule, and is still intact today. This quarter stretches out from the Northern shores of the harbour, and covers an area roughly bounded by Ahmed Rafiq al-Mahdawi Street to the North-west, al-Jezayir Street to the South-east and the 23rd of July Street to the South-west. The heart of the medina is Maydan al-Hurriya (Freedom Square); to the northeast of this is the covered Souq al-Jareed.[39]
The largest Ottoman architectural monument in Benghazi is the late 19th-century Ottoman palace in El-Berka; built during the rule of Rashid Pasha II. The front elevation was completed in 1895, whilst the side sections were added later during Italian rule. The white and green structure houses 360 rooms; and is on a tract of land where Gamal Abdel Nasser Street meets al-Saqzali Street; south of the 28th of March football stadium.
The house of Omar Pasha Mansour El Kikhia, an Ottoman Pasha from a prominent Benghazi family, represents a good example of Ottoman residential architecture with several balconies, stone archways, and an open courtyard containing a fountain. The home was recently restored, remodeled and converted into the Bait-al Medina al-Thaqafi museum.
Benghazi came under Italian rule in the early part of the 20th century. Some examples of Italianate, as well as modernist colonial architecture from this period remain today. Under the governorships of Generals Ernesto Mombelli and Attilio Teruzzi in the 1920s, the buildings commissioned in Benghazi had an eclectic architectural language that embodied a Western conception of Eastern architecture. An example of this is the Municipal palace built in 1924, which stands in Maydan al-Hurriya (Freedom Square). The building combines Moorish arches with Italianate motifs on the facade. Italians even did the first architectural plan of Benghazi.[40] in the 1930s, with a new railway station and promenade.
The largest colonial building from this Italian period is the Benghazi Cathedral in Maydan El Catedraeya (Cathedral Square), which was built in the 1920s and has two large distinct domes.[41]
Benghazi was heavily bombed during World War II, and so the majority of buildings in the city are examples of modern or contemporary architecture. The central business district was built mostly in the 1960s and 1970s with Libya's new found oil wealth. The highest building in Benghazi is the Tibesti Hotel on Gamal Abdel Nasser Street built in 1989. Another prominent example of modern architecture in Benghazi is the Da'wah al-Islamiyah Building, which has a series of distinctive cubes piled in the shape of a pyramid.
Sport[link]
Benghazi is the second largest city in Libya, and as such, has some of the best sports facilities in the country. The city has various sporting centres of different standards, such as football stadia, beach clubs (where many water sports are played), as well as several other public and private facilities. Benghazi has hosted many national sports events throughout the years, as well as more significant international competitions such as the African Cup of Nations.
Football is the most-popular sport in Benghazi, and two of Libya's most-successful football clubs, Al-Ahly Benghazi and Al-Nasr, are based in the city. The two teams have won the Libyan Premier League five times; Al Ahly four and Al Nasr only one. The most-important football event that took place in Benghazi was the 1982 African Cup of Nations. The city hosted six group games and a semifinal in the March 28 Stadium, Libya's second-largest stadium. The city will very likely be the scene of more games when Libya re-hosts the African Cup of Nations in 2013.
The largest sporting centre in Benghazi is the Medina al-Riyadhia (Sports City). The complex is situated just south of the city centre, and houses the March 28 Stadium, and the Slayman al Tharrat basketball stadium – several matches of the 2009 FIBA Africa Championship were hosted at the arena.[42] The complex also has a sports hall for indoor sports, a tennis stadium and several small tennis courts. The facility was built in the 1950s and is therefore quite outdated; the stadia have nonetheless undergone maintenance work in recent years. Sports City was recently closed down for a complete redevlopment of the site. As of 2009, the March 28 Stadium was undergoing demolition work, and a new 45,000 all seater stadium was to be constructed in its place. A second smaller stadium was to be built on-site, and the entire site was to undergo redevelopment before its reopening in 2011, and its use in the 2013 African Nations Cup.
Benghazi is a coastal city, and its beaches are an important location for sporting activities. The coast at Jeliana is home to the Milaha Beach Club amongst others. Wind surfing and swimming are two of the most popular water sports. There are also several contact sport clubs in the city –judo and taekwondo are popular men's sports in Benghazi. In recent times, rugby sevens has seen great success with three clubs in the vicinity. Gyms have also become more popular in the city in recent years, because of a greater concern for healthy living amongst Libyans.
Transport[link]
Main article: Transport in Libya
|
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Benghazi is a transport hub in Eastern Libya and is an important city on the northern coastal road that crosses the country. An efficiently designed system of roads, bridges and underpasses cover Benghazi, however traffic jams and poorly maintained streets are not uncommon. A microbus system covers many areas of the city and has its base in Al-Funduq. National and international bus services also leave from Al-Fudnuq from the central bus station. As of 2010, earthworks were underway in the city for a rail network which will traverse northern Libya.
Benina International Airport serves national and international flights.
The Benghazi port is a vital terminal for the region, and allows for the import and export of national and international goods and food products.
The city's road network is generally well designed. An efficient system of highways, flyovers, ringroads and underpasses serve the city, and allow for the transport of goods and vehicles. The roads are not always well-maintained however, and often have incorrect, poorly visible or no road markings, as well as potholes in some roads and inner-city streets. In recent years, a rapid increase in car ownership has meant that traffic jams, lack of parking spaces and overcrowding are also not uncommon, especially on smaller streets. Road accidents are also on the rise because of the increase in vehicles and the subsequent lax in attention given by authorities to dangerous driving.[43] There is no systemised public transport system in Benghazi despite the city's size and significance. A popular system of microbuses has developed in recent years; bus journeys run on fixed routes and passengers can embark and disembark anywhere on the route. Most microbuses stop at Al-Funduq or have the end of Souq Al-Jarid in Al-Funduq as their final destination. National and international coach services depart and arrive at Benghazi's coach station at Al-Funduq with regular journeys to Tripoli, as well as international services to Cairo, Amman and Damascus.
Until the 1960s there were two small railways, built by the Italians, departing from Benghazi and served with classical Littorine: Benghazi-Barce and Benghazi-Soluch. But recently huge railway plans were supported by Gaddafi: work started in September 2008 on a new railway network that would connect to major cities of western Libya at Sirte. Russian Railways is responsible for the three-year contract. In the future, a rail link may be built to both Tunisia and Egypt forming a North African coastal rail network.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Wolfram Alpha
- ^ a b [1]. Der Spiegel. 23 August 2011
- ^ "بنغازي: Libya". Geographical Names. http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/name_non-roman_benghazi_libya.html. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ "Bengasi: Libya". Geographical Names. http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4462605&fid=3757&c=libya. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ "Benghasi: Libya". Geographical Names. http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4462619&fid=3757&c=libya. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ "Banghāzī: Libya". Geographical Names. http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4461835&fid=3757&c=libya. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ "Binghāzī: Libya". Geographical Names. http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4462912&fid=3766&c=libya. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ "Bengazi: Libya". Geographical Names. http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4462613&fid=3757&c=libya. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ "Berenice: Libya". Geographical Names. http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4462695&fid=3766&c=libya. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ "Hesperides: Libya". Geographical Names. http://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-4471792&fid=3771&c=libya. Retrieved 27 February 2011.
- ^ a b Staff (26 February 2011). "Libya's Ex-Justice Minister Forms Interim Government in Benghazi – Former Libyan Minister Says Gadhafi 'Alone' Bore Responsibility for Crimes That Occurred, Qurnya Newspaper Reports". Haaretz. http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/libya-s-ex-justice-minister-forms-interim-government-in-benghazi-1.345892. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ http://www.aljazeera.net/news/pages/ee1995da-6146-422c-91b5-c546d62999c2
- ^ "FB and Twitter Got Us from Tahrir Square to Libya". Benghazi After Gaddafi.
- ^ a b c "Japan Nuclear Crisis". BBC News. 26 March 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12307698.
- ^ Ham, Anthony (2002). Libya. Lonely Planet (Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; London, England, United Kingdom). p. 156. ISBN 978-0-86442-699-4.
- ^ Herodotus, IV.204.
- ^ Economou, Maria (August 1993). "Euesperides: A Devastated Site". Digital Library and Archives, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Retrieved 6 February 2009.
- ^ "Libya: Benghazi; A Beautiful Libyan City".
- ^ Benghazi.
- ^ "Photos of Italian Benghazi and Memories of an Italian Born There". (in Italian).
- ^ McDonnell, Patrick J. (21 May 2011). "Political Football, Benghazi Style – Soccer Club, Fans Found You Don't Mess with Gadhafi". Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Lubin, Gus (18 July 2011). "An Amazing Story Of Resistance From Inside Libya's Soccer League". Business Insider. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
- ^ 5 live, Stephen Nolan interview with a Libyan in the city, 19 February 2011, & [2]
- ^ Johnson, Andrew; Mesure, Susie (20 February 2011). "Gaddafi: What Now for Libya's Dictator, and Where Does Britain Stand? – As rebellion Spreads, Tripoli's Hardline Regime Cracks Down, Killing at Least 100 Protesters and Leaving 1,000 Injured". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/gaddafi-fights-for-his-future-as-up-to-200-die-in-benghazi-2220131.html. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ [dead link] Landay, Janathan S.; Strobel, Warren P.; Ibrahim, Arwa (18 February 2011). "Violent Repression of Protests Rocks Libya, Bahrain, Yemen". The Kansas City Star. http://www.kansascity.com/2011/02/18/2666087/violent-repression-of-protests.html. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
- ^ Tran, Mark (17 February 2011). "Bahrain in Crisis and Middle East Protests – Live Blog". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/blog/2011/feb/17/bahrain-crisis-middle-east-protests-live-blog#block-20. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
- ^ [dead link] "The Liberated East: Building a New Libya". The Economist. 24 February 2011. http://www.economist.com/. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
- ^ Meo, Nick (6 March 2011). "'Huda the Executioner' – Libya's Devil in Female Form – How Pulling on a Hanging Man's Legs Made Huda Ben Amer One of Colonel Gaddafi's Most Trusted Elite". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8363587/Huda-the-executioner-Libyas-devil-in-female-form.html. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Staff (24 February 2011). "First Edition of the Benghazi Newspaper". feb17.info. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Staff (19 March 2011). "French Jets Attack Gaddafi Targets – Warplanes Destroy Four Tanks Used by Libyan Leader's Army as Military Action To Enforce UN-Ordered No-Fly Zone Begins". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ a b Staff (1 June 2011). "Libya: Benghazi Blast Rocks Hotel Used by Rebels – Jalal il Gallal, National Transitional Council: 'It Was a Cowardly Act'". BBC News. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ [dead link] [3].
- ^ "Weather Information for Benghazi, Libya.". May 2011. http://worldweather.wmo.int/157/c01182.htm.
- ^ Marshall Cavendish Corporation, "World and Its Peoples, North Africa". 2006. p. 1,227.
- ^ Sarrar, Saleh: Libya to Revive Plan for Benghazi Free-Trade Area, Official Says. bloomberg.com, 11 April 2012.
- ^ [dead link] Athanasiadis, Iason (29 May 2009). "Future Shock". The National. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
- ^ Shefler, Gil (13 August 2010). "Haddad Story Highlights Efforts To Recover Libyan Assets". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Deming, Mark. "The Last Jews of Libya (2007)". The New York Times. Rovi Corporation. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/392157/The-Last-Jews-of-Libya/overview. Retrieved 13 September 2011.
- ^ Ham. p. 125.
- ^ "Italian Urban Plan of Benghazi".
- ^ McLaren, Brian L. (2006). Architecture and Tourism in Italian Colonial Libya – An Ambivalent Modernism. University of Washington Press (Seattle, Washington). p. 158. ISBN 978-0-295-98542-8.
- ^ "Afrobasket 2009 – Libya". FIBA Afrique. Retrieved 26 February 2009.
- ^ [dead link] Al-Ghaweel, Ibrahim; Mursi, Saleh A.; Jack, Joel P.; Joel, Irene (2009). "Factors Affecting Road Traffic Accidents In Benghazi, Libya". Saudi Society of Family and Community Medicine Journal. Retrieved 4 September 2010.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Benghazi |
- University of Benghazi
- Libya lifts 'HIV medics' sentence, but then Libya to execute 'HIV medics'
- Lexicorient.com's article on Benghazi
- Photos of Italian Benghazi
- WorldStatesmen.com's history and list of rulers of Cyrenaica.
- Zum.de's History of Cyrenaica
- Google Maps showing Benghazi.
- UPI Archives - Airstrike against Libya
Coordinates: 32°07′N 20°04′E / 32.117°N 20.067°E / 32.117; 20.067
|
|
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
|||||
http://wn.com/Benghazi
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Bengasi
http://cs.wn.com/Benghází
http://id.wn.com/Benghazi
http://es.wn.com/Bengasi
http://ru.wn.com/Бенгази
http://nl.wn.com/Benghazi (stad)
http://pl.wn.com/Bengazi
http://fr.wn.com/Benghazi
http://de.wn.com/Bengasi
http://pt.wn.com/Bengasi
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benghazi
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Bret Baier | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | (1970-08-04) August 4, 1970 (age 41) |
| Education | DePauw University |
| Occupation | Fox News anchor |
| Notable credit(s) | Host of Special Report with Bret Baier |
| Title | Anchor |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Spouse | Amy |
| Children |
Paul Francis (son) Daniel (son) |
Bret Baier (born August 4, 1970 in Rumson, New Jersey[1]) is an American journalist and the host of Special Report with Bret Baier on Fox News Channel.[2] He previously worked as the network's Chief White House Correspondent and Pentagon correspondent.
Contents |
Career[link]
Baier began his television career with WRAL-TV, the CBS affiliate in Raleigh, North Carolina. He sent an audition tape to Fox News in 1998, and was hired as the network's Atlanta bureau chief. On September 11, 2001, he drove from Georgia to Arlington, Virginia to cover the attack on the Pentagon. He never returned to the Atlanta bureau and was instead tapped as the network's Pentagon correspondent, remaining at the post for five years and taking 11 trips to Afghanistan and 13 trips to Iraq. He became Fox News's White House correspondent in 2007, covering the administration of George W. Bush. In the fall of 2007, he began substituting for Brit Hume, then the anchor of Special Report, on Fridays.[2]
On December 23, 2008, Brit Hume anchored his final show and announced Baier would replace him as anchor of Special Report.[3] He hosted his first show as permanent anchor on January 5, 2009.[2]
A Freedom of Information Act request filed to investigate alleged anti-Fox News bias in the Barack Obama administration revealed an internal email from the White House communications office, dated October 23, 2009, that referred to Baier as a "lunatic."[4] The aide who sent the email later apologized to Baier.[5]
Personal life[link]
Baier attended Marist School, a private Catholic high school in Atlanta, graduating in 1988. Baier then attended DePauw University, graduating in 1992. He is a member of Sigma Chi fraternity.
Baier is a Roman Catholic and attends Holy Trinity Catholic Church in Georgetown.[6][7]
Baier and his wife Amy have two sons, Paul, b. June 29, 2007, and Daniel, b. July 10, 2010..[8] Paul was born with heart defects. Before he had open-heart surgery, President George W. Bush invited Baier and his wife and son to the Oval Office for a visit and had the White House physician update him on Paul's progress.[2]
References[link]
- ^ Koncius, Jura (June 25, 2009). "For a Fox Newsman and His Family, A Retreat Inspired by Ralph Lauren". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/24/AR2009062400893.html. Retrieved February 14, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Post Store (January 6, 2009). "Bret Baier, the Successor to Brit Hume on Fox's 'Special Report'". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/05/AR2009010503271.html. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
- ^ Ariens, Chris (December 23, 2008). "Bret Baier to be Named Host of "Special Report"". TV Newser. mediabistro.com. http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/fnc/bret_baier_to_be_named_host_of_special_report_104244.asp?c=rss. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ^ "Emails reveal White House calling Bret Baier 'a lunatic'". The Daily Caller. July 14, 2011.
- ^ "White House Aide Who Called Bret Baier a 'Lunatic' Apologized 'Profusely'". TV Newser. mediabistro.com.
- ^ Rothstein, Betsy (June 10, 2008). "A father's first Father's Day". The Hill. Capitol Hill Publishing Corporation. http://thehill.com/capital-living/24059-a-fathers-first-fathers-day. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
- ^ Rothstein, Betsy (February 17, 2011). "How Catholic Is Bret Baier?". FISHBOWLDC. mediabistro.com. http://www.mediabistro.com/fishbowldc/how-catholic-is-bret-baier_b31393. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
- ^ Roberts, Roxanne; Argetsinger, Amy (July 8, 2010). "The Reliable Source: Love, etc.: Bret Baier, Rachel Dratch, Ed Swiderski and Jillian Harris". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). http://voices.washingtonpost.com/reliable-source/2010/07/love_etc_snl_star_rachel_dratc.html. Retrieved June 12, 2011.
External links[link]
- FOX News Channel: Bret Baier bio
- Bret Baier's Twitter Account
- Bret Baier at the Notable Names Database
- DePauw University: FOX News' Bret Baier '92 Discusses Politics, News Coverage and the Impact of His DePauw Education
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Baier, Bret |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Host of "Special Report with Bret Baier" |
| Date of birth | August 4, 1970 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
  |
This biographical article related to television is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Bret_Baier
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Bret Baier
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bret_Baier
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
|
|
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2011) |
Jeanine Ferris Pirro (born June 2, 1951) is a former prosecutor, judge, and elected official from the state of New York, who is currently a legal analyst and television personality. A Republican from Westchester County, Pirro served as a county court judge before serving as the elected District Attorney of Westchester County for 12 years. As a district attorney she gained considerable visibility, especially in cases regarding domestic abuse and crimes against the elderly. She was the first female judge on the Westchester County Court bench.
Pirro was the Republican nominee for New York State Attorney General in 2006, losing to Democrat Andrew Cuomo (a fellow Albany Law alumnus). She also held the nominations of the New York Conservative and Independence Parties. She previously sought the nominations of her party for the offices of New York State Lieutenant Governor and United States Senator and withdrew her name in each case. She was a regular contributor to The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet. She is currently contributing to Today, Fox NY Good Day New York, is a Fox News legal analyst appearing on various shows, and has guest hosted shows such as Larry King Live, The Joy Behar Show and Geraldo at Large. She is a frequent guest on Fox's late-night satire show Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld, and also currently hosts a television program entitled Judge Jeanine Pirro. In May 2010, the show received its first Emmy nomination. Pirro is also the host of Fox News Channel's Justice with Judge Jeanine which premiered in January 2011. In 2011, Judge Pirro received the daytime Emmy Award for her TV court show "Judge Pirro."
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
Pirro was born in Elmira, New York, to Nasser "Leo" and Esther Ferris. Her father was a mobile-home salesman; her mother, a department-store model. She is a Catholic of Lebanese descent.[1]
She graduated from Notre Dame High School in three years rather than the usual four.[2] She then graduated from the University at Buffalo. She received her J.D. degree at Albany Law School in 1975.
Marriage[link]
Jeanine Ferris married Albert Pirro in 1975. She was reported as being separated from her husband in a December 6, 2009 article in The New York Times.[3]
Westchester County positions[link]
In 1978, Pirro became an assistant district attorney in Westchester County.
In 1986, GOP gubernatorial candidate Andrew O’Rourke selected Pirro to be his running mate in the campaign. Allegations surfaced about her husband's business dealings and his refusal to release information about his financial life. Pirro pulled out of the race and journalists later revealed her husband’s alleged ties to organized crime.
In 1989, she became a judge on the Westchester County Court, the first female to hold such a position.
In 1993, Pirro was elected district attorney of Westchester County, again the first female to hold that position.[4] She was re-elected in 1997 and 2001. Prosecuting murder, rape, domestic violence, and other cases, Pirro achieved considerable fame and media visibility, appearing on television programs such as Larry King Live and Nightline. People magazine named her as one of its 50 Most Beautiful People in 1997.[5]
In 1997 she chaired the New York State Commission on Domestic Violence Fatalities, whose report and recommendations resulted in legislation passing that enhanced protections of, and safeguards for, the victims of domestic abuse.
On May 23, 2005 Pirro announced that she would not seek re-election as Westchester Country District Attorney.[6]
During her time in Westchester, it has been confirmed that Pirro met with Douglas Durst in regards to the 1982 disappearance of his sister in law, Kathie Durst. It has been speculated that this meeting put a stop to the reinvigorated search for Kathie and investigation into her death, which was largely thought to be at the hands of Robert Durst, Kathie's husband and Douglas' brother. This meeting was said to be mutually beneficial for Pirro's political and media career as well as for the Durst Corporation.
2006 U.S. Senate campaign[link]
On August 10, 2005 in New York City, Pirro announced that she would seek the Republican nomination to challenge first-term incumbent Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton, a Democrat, in the 2006 election for U.S. Senator from New York.
Other Republicans who announced campaigns for the nomination were John Spencer, a former mayor of Yonkers, William Brenner, an attorney in Sullivan County, and attorney Edward Cox, the son-in-law of former President Richard Nixon.
During an appearance at the Crime Victims Resource Center, Pirro described herself this way: "I am red on fiscal policy. I am conservative and I support the Bush tax cut." She added, however: "I have broad blue stripes when it comes to social issues... I am a woman who is a moderate in New York." [7]
Republican Governor George Pataki's endorsement of Pirro caused Cox to withdraw from the race,[8] leaving Pirro as the likely nominee. On December 21, 2005, after continuing pressure from party chiefs, a lagging fundraising effort, and polls showing she would be defeated by Clinton (a Quinnipiac University poll found Pirro would lose to Clinton 62 percent to 30 percent), Jeanine Pirro dropped out of the Senate race just two months after she started her campaign. "I have decided that my law enforcement background better qualifies me for a race for New York State attorney general than a race for the United States Senate," she said in a statement.[9]
Donors to the political campaigns of Jeanine Pirro have included designer Tommy Hilfiger (also a native of Elmira), Donald Trump and numerous contractors and real estate executives who have done business with her husband.[citation needed]
2006 State Attorney General campaign[link]
Main article: New York attorney general election, 2006
On May 31, 2006, Pirro, unopposed for the GOP nomination, became the party's official candidate by acclamation at the GOP convention.[10] However, in the general election, Pirro lost to the Democratic nominee, former Clinton Housing and Urban Development Secretary Andrew Cuomo.[11]
Judge Jeanine Pirro on The CW[link]
On May 5, 2008, The CW announced that Pirro would host a weekday television show to be named Judge Jeanine Pirro, part of the network's CW Daytime lineup and that features two episodes airing daily. The show is distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television and is by default carried by all CW affiliates.[12]
Judge Jeanine Pirro has been cleared for a second season beginning in fall 2009. Unlike its first season, the second season launching fall 2009 was not exclusive to CW affiliates.[13]
References[link]
- ^ Healy, Patrick D. (August 9, 2005). "High-Profile Prosecutor to Run Against Clinton". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/09/nyregion/metrocampaigns/09pirro.html.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Finn, Robin (December 6, 2009). "Leniency for the Judge's Animals". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/06/nyregion/06routine.html?th&emc=th.
- ^ "Jeanine Pirro, Westchester County District Attorney". Library.law.columbia.edu. http://library.law.columbia.edu/rise_of_women/practice/jeanine_pirro.html. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ Gray, Kevin (1999-05-10). "Pirro Mania". Newyorkmetro.com. http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/politics/newyork/features/862/. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ "| democratandchronicle.com". Democrat and Chronicle. http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20050812/NEWS01/508120360/1002/NEWS. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ [3] (New York Times, October 15, 2005)
- ^ [4][dead link]
- ^ "Regional & NY State News on". Newsday.com. http://www.newsday.com/news/local/state/ny-stpirr0601,0,6073016.story?coll=ny-top-headlines. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- ^ [5][dead link]
- ^ "Former NY DA Pirro gets TV show - Boston.com". http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2008/05/05/former_ny_da_pirro_gets_tv_show/. [dead link]
- ^ "'Pirro' Preps for Fall Launch - 2009-02-09 19:35:02 | Broadcasting & Cable". Broadcastingcable.com. http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/173830-_Pirro_Preps_for_Fall_Launch.php?rssid=20068&q=jeanine+pirro. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
Sources and further reading[link]
- Healy, Patrick D. "Democrats Push Rival to Repay Security Costs." New York Times. August 3, 2005.
- Kovaleski, Serge F. "In Sex Arrests Hailed by Pirro, Little Jail Time." New York Times. October 13, 2006.
- "Pirro Takes Aim at Clinton's Job". Newsday, August 9, 2005.
External links[link]
- The Jeanine Machine A frank biography by S. Richard Blassberg
- New York Elections, informedandenfranchised.com
- Westchester County District Attorney's Office official website As of January 2006[update], Janet DiFiore holds this office.
- Jeanine Pirro for Attorney General official website
- Jeanine Pirro official website
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Dora Irizarry |
Republican Nominee for New York State Attorney General 2006 |
Succeeded by Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Pirro, Jeanine |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American judge |
| Date of birth | June 2, 1951 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jeanine_Pirro
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanine_Pirro
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For cricketer, see Wayne Madsen (cricketer).
Wayne Madsen (born April 25, 1954) is a Washington, D.C.-based investigative journalist, author and columnist specializing in intelligence and international affairs.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] He is the author of the blog Wayne Madsen Report.[8]
Contents |
Background and Early Life[link]
Madsen was born in Ridley Park, Pennsylvania on 28 April 1954 to an American mother and a Danish mariner. His grandmother, who emigrated to the U.S. with his father after World War II was Victoria Madsen, a Danish communist party official.[9][10] In the 1950s Victoria Madsen was deported by the FBI[11]
Madsen attended the University of Mississippi where he joined the Navy ROTC.
Career[link]
|
|
This section may contain improper references to self-published sources. Please help improve it by removing references to unreliable sources, where they are used inappropriately. (October 2011) |
U.S. Navy[link]
Upon graduation from University of Mississippi, he joined the U.S. Navy. He was commissioned an ensign.
In 1982 he was stationed at the Coos Head Naval Facility. Naval Facility Coos Head had an allowance of twelve officers, ninety-five enlisted and 15 civilians. He was later given a bad fitness report by his executive officer, Lt. Cmdr. Marney Finch.[12]
His new commanding officer at Coos Bay transferred him to Washington D.C. He resigned from the Navy in 1985 as a lieutenant, having been passed over for promotion. Madsen described himself as the "most senior lieutenant in the Navy"[13] at the time of his resignation and has blamed his lack of advance on a powerful group of pedophiles hidden in the top of the U.S. Navy ranks. Madsen says that independent investigations into illegal homosexual activity in the federal government by other journalists were eventually published by the Washington Times in 1989.[14][15]
In 1984 he "benefitted from the 1983 bombing of the Computer Area in the Washington Navy Yard" and the 1984 White House screening of the movie War Games which he suggests prompted President Reagan into putting money into computer security. He was loaned in 1984 to the NSA by the Navy to work in computer security.[14]
He has been described by Andrew Sullivan of the Atlantic Monthly as a conspiracy theorist.[16]
Post Navy Career[link]
Between 1985 and 1989 Madsen held a series of jobs, first working for RCA as a government consultant on contracts for the National Security Agency (NSA). Later he worked for the Navy's Naval Data Automation Command as a civilian employee. After this Madsen briefly established his own consulting firm, then worked for the National Bureau of Standards, and later for the State Department.[14]
In 1990 Madsen joined CSC, working there from 1990 until 1997,[14] when he joined the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) as a senior fellow. In late January 2005 Madsen left EPIC.[14]
Journalism career[link]
Madsen says that in 2001 he was denied a press pass as an Internet journalist to cover the first inauguration of George W. Bush.[17]
In 2005 Madsen began working as a free-lance journalist for publications such as The American Conservative, CorpWatch, CounterPunch, CovertAction Quarterly, In These Times, Multinational Monitor, The Progressive and The Village Voice. His columns have appeared in the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Columbus Dispatch, Houston Chronicle, Philadelphia Inquirer, Miami Herald and the Sacramento Bee. Madsen also publishes his own news blog.[11]
Reporting and Opinions[link]
In 2002 he suggested to the Guardian newspaper that the United States Navy had aided in an attempted overthrow of Venezuelan president, Hugo Chavez.[18]
In January 2002 he expressed concern over the possible use of torture by the United States government against suspected terorrists,[19] as well as possible plans to use the military in domestic law enforcement, in violation of the Posse Comitatus Act.[20]
In 2003 he said that he had uncovered information linking the September 11 attacks to the government of Saudi Arabia as well as to Bush administration.[21] In 2005, he wrote than an unidentified former CIA agent claimed that the USS Cole was actually hit by a Popeye cruise missile launched from an Israeli Dolphin-class submarine.[22]
In 2005 he said that the pro-Israel lobby, AIPAC, had pressured American politicians to stay away from protests against the Iraq War.[23]
In 2006 he criticized the Iraq Study Group, saying:
- "I think it is a whitewash group and nothing will come of it, except that they may concoct some reason for the US to stay the course in Iraq, with perhaps a little more international support, like Germany and Canada. The commission is a whitewash because the members are all consummate Washington insiders, many of whom have a political and financial stake in the successful outcome of the war. The longer the war goes on the more money they make."[24]
Later that year he criticized the movie industry for indirectly causing suffering in Africa by promoting diamonds in movies like Breakfast At Tiffany's and Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend. He included Leonardo DiCaprio, whose film Blood Diamond dealt with the issue, as well as Russell Simmons who is selling a line of "nonconflict diamonds." Madsen said about them, "It's a p.r. campaign. They should be saying, 'Don't buy diamonds at all.'"[25]
In a 2008 ArabNews article, Madsen is quoted as suggesting that the criminal prosecution of New York State governor Eliot Spitzer was partly due to the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad.[26]
On June 9, 2008 he reported that unnamed "GOP dirty tricks operatives" had found a Kenyan birth certificate registering the birth of Barack Obama, Jr. on August 4, 1961. "However, the registration is a common practice in African countries whose citizens abroad have families with foreign nationals."[27] This birth certificate was a cornerstone of the "Kenyan Born" subset of the birther conspiracy theories, and Madsen's article was cited in a Washington state petition challenging Obama's eligibility to serve.[28]
On April 25, 2009, Madsen reported that some unidentified UN World Health Organization officials and scientists believed the 2009 new H1N1 strain of swine flu virus appeared to be the product of U.S. military sponsored gene splicing, as opposed to natural processes.[29][30] While it can not be ruled out that the virus was created in a research laboratory or vaccine factory, the most plausible explanation is that the virus is the result of modern farming techniques. New Scientist magazine cited the example of a H1N2 influenza pandemic in the 1990s that only affected pigs in the United Kingdom. This subtype of the H1N2 was also a reassortment (mix) of swine, human and avian strains.[31]
In July 2009, Madsen released a report saying there was a Q Group within the National Security Agency tasked with concealing US government involvement in 9/11.[32][verification needed][unreliable source?][dead link]
In 2010, Madsen reported in the Pakistan Daily that unnamed sources suggested that the company formerly known as Blackwater, had been conducting false-flag operations in Pakistan that were blamed on the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan.[33]
Bibliography[link]
- Jaded Tasks—Brass Plates, Black Ops & Big Oil: The Blood Politics of Bush & Co. (TrineDay, 2006) ISBN 0-9752906-9-X
- America's Nightmare: The Presidency of George Bush II with John Stanton (Dandelion Books, 2003) ISBN 1-893302-29-6
- Forbidden Truth: U.S.-Taliban Secret Oil Diplomacy, Saudi Arabia and the Failed Search for bin Laden (foreword) Jean-Charles Brisard, Guillaume Dasquie (Nation Books, 2002) ISBN 1-56025-414-9
- Genocide and Covert Operations in Africa 1993-1999 (African Studies) (Edwin Mellen Press, 1999) ISBN 0-7734-8002-1
- Handbook of Personal Data Protection (New York: Macmillan Publishers Ltd, 1992) (reference book on international data protection law) ISBN 1-56159-046-0
References[link]
- ^ US releases 'bin Laden video tapes' Al Jazeera May 8, 2011
- ^ Sean Hannity, Alan Colmes Interview With Wayne Madsen and Rep. Mark Foley] Hannity & Colmes (Fox News Channel). April 12, 2002. HighBeam Research accessed 30 May. 2012
- ^ Tavis Smiley Interview: Greg Rollins with the Christian Peacemaker Team, Dana Dillon with The Heritage Foundation and journalist Wayne Madsen discuss the investigation of the Abu Ghraib prison abuse scandal National Public Radio August 24, 2004 HighBeam Research accessed May 30, 2012
- ^ Farooq Hameed Khan Balochistan: The great game The Nation (Karachi, Pakistan) October 11, 2010 HighBeam Research accessed May 30, 2012
- ^ Featured Guests Taylor Report CIUT-FM
- ^ Alcuin Papa Blackwater training mercenaries in Subic Philippine Daily Inquirer August 30, 2009
- ^ CIA using social networks RT TV April 15, 2011
- ^ Wayne Madsen Report
- ^ Wayne Madsen Jaded Tasks, page xii
- ^ Wayne Madsen Counterpunch "In Denmark, where my grandmother Victoria Madsen, an official of the Danish Communist Party and newspaper "
- ^ a b Wayne Madsen Jaded Tasks, page ix
- ^ Wayne Madsen Jaded Tasks, page xiv
- ^ At his first posting in Newport, Ensign Madsen was introduced to the "oldest lieutenant in the Navy". This lieutenant had presented himself for an interview with the controversial Admiral Hyman G. Rickover who told him "You have 15 seconds to piss me off" to which he replied by picking up a model submarine from the admiral's desk and smashing it. This lieutenant didn't get the position he was applying for, never attained further promotion and ended his career as the most senior lieutenant in the U.S. Navy. Madsen says that, when he himself resigned in 1985, he had the same status as the lieutenant he had met in Newport.
- ^ a b c d e Wayne Madsen Jaded Tasks, page xv
- ^ Paul M. Rodriguez and George Archibald. Homosexual prostitution inquiry ensnares VIPs with Reagan, Bush. Wanttoknow.info copy and voxfux.com scanned images of original 29 June 1989 article in The Washington Times.
- ^ Atlantic "A 9-11 Truther"
- ^ "DC: It's Now a GOP-Com World". Wired. 2001-01-20. http://www.wired.com/politics/law/news/2001/01/41317. "Madsen says he made repeated calls and attempts to get the necessary credentials, so he could gain access to key inaugural events, with no luck"
- ^ American navy 'helped Venezuelan coup', The Guardian, April 29, 2002
- ^ US interrogators turn to 'torture lite', The Guardian, January 25, 2002
- ^ Planning for Martial Law, Salon, March 3, 2002
- ^ Saudis want classified US intelligence documents released., Australian Broadcasting Corporation, July 30, 2003
- ^ Clearing the Baffles for 911 By Wayne Madsen – October 3, 2005
- ^ The "American street" speaks: Will the Democratic Party listen?, Salon, September 29, 2005
- ^ Mixed welcome for new Iraq Study Group, Asia Times, March 23, 2006
- ^ BLOOD ON HANDS OF LEO FLICK?, New York Post, December 2, 2006
- ^ Is There an Israeli Angle to Spitzer Ouster?, Arab News, March 16, 2008
- ^ Madsen, Wayne (2008-06-09). "GOP dirty tricks machine readies a charge that Obama is not eligible to be president". Online Journal. WayneMadenReport.com. http://onlinejournal.com/artman/publish/article_3349.shtml.
- ^ "Democrat: Obama's grandma confirms Kenyan birth". WorldNetDaily. 2008-10-23. http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=78931. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Madsen, Wayne (2009-04-27). "New swine flu feared to be weaponized strain" (reprint). Online Journal. http://onlinejournal.com/artman/publish/article_4631.shtml. Reprint from: "New swine flu feared to be weaponized strain" (fee required). WayneMadenReport.com. 2009-04-25. http://www.waynemadsenreport.com/articles/20090425.
- ^ Russia Today (April 2009). Swine flu is a man made virus ?. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RnSX_jS0STA. Retrieved 2009-04-28. "... to them it doesn't look like this is naturally occurring."
- ^ Is swine flu a bioterrorist virus? New Scientist April 27, 2009
- ^ "NSA Security running amok to plug leaks about 9/11". 2009-07-07. http://onlinejournal.com/artman/publish/article_4878.shtml. Retrieved 2009-07-12.
- ^ "Blackwater/Xe cells conducting false flag terrorist attacks in Pakistan". September 16, 2010. http://www.daily.pk/blackwaterxe-cells-conducting-false-flag-terrorist-attacks-in-pakistan-22152/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+dailypk+(Pakistan+Daily). Retrieved 2010-09-20.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Madsen, Wayne |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | April 25, 1954 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Wayne_Madsen
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne_Madsen
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Soledad O'Brien | |
|---|---|
 O'Brien at Marquette University, February 7, 2008 |
|
| Born | María de la Soledad Teresa O'Brien (1966-09-19) September 19, 1966 (age 45) St. James, New York, United States |
| Education | Harvard University (B.A.) |
| Occupation | Broadcast journalist |
| Notable credit(s) | Anchor of CNN In America Author of Latino in America (2009) |
| Spouse | Bradley Raymond (1995–present) |
| Children | 2 daughters, 2 sons |
| Awards | Local Emmy Award |
| Website | |
| Soledad O'Brien on CNN | |
María de la Soledad Teresa O'Brien[1] (born September 19, 1966) is an American broadcast journalist. She is the anchor of CNN's morning news program Starting Point which premiered on January 2, 2012 and airs weekdays from 7:00 am to 9:00 am ET.[2]
Along with Early Start, Starting Point replaced American Morning, which aired from 2001 to 2011. O'Brien co-anchored American Morning from July 2003[3] to April 2007, with Miles O'Brien. Their common surname is coincidental.
After leaving the morning anchoring position, O'Brien worked with the "In America" documentary unit on CNN.
Contents |
Personal life[link]
O'Brien's parents, both immigrants, met at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland in 1958.
My parents were both immigrants—my mother from Cuba, my father from Australia. Both attended daily Mass at the church near campus. Every day my father would offer my mother a ride. Every day, she declined. Finally she said yes. One year later, the day after Christmas, the two of them were married.[4]
O'Brien's parents married in 1958 in Washington, D.C. Her father Edward, an Australian (from Toowoomba, Queensland)[5] of Irish descent, was a mechanical engineering professor.[6] Her mother, Estella, who is Afro-Cuban, was a French and English teacher.[6] O'Brien is the fifth of six children, who all graduated from Harvard College; O'Brien attended Harvard from 1984 to 1988, but did not obtain a degree until she returned in 2000.[7] Her siblings are law professor Maria (born 1961); corporate lawyer Cecilia (born 1962), businessman Tony (born 1963) - who heads a documents company;[5] eye surgeon Estela (born 1964); and anesthesiologist Orestes (born 1967).[6][8]
At the time, interracial marriage in Maryland was illegal, so O'Brien's parents married in Washington, D.C. where marriage laws were less restrictive.[citation needed] The newly wedded O'Briens then moved to the Long Island community of St. James, on the affluent North Shore, where O'Brien was born and raised. O'Brien graduated from Smithtown High School East in 1984.[9] On the NPR quiz show Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!, O'Brien explained that in Spanish her full name means, "The Blessed Virgin Mary of Solitude". When she started working in TV, many people recommended that she change her name, but she refused.[10]
Despite her Hispanic heritage, O'Brien does not speak Spanish fluently. That has resulted in some awkward exchanges with people who assume she does, including former US Vice President Al Gore.[11] Since 1995, O'Brien has been married to Bradley Raymond, co-head of investment banking at Thomas Weisel Partners. Together they have two daughters and twin sons.[12]
Television career[link]
Soledad O'Brien began her career as an associate producer and news writer at WBZ-TV, then the NBC affiliate in Boston. She joined NBC News in 1991, and was based in New York as a field producer for the Nightly News and Today. O'Brien then worked for three years as a local reporter and bureau chief for San Francisco NBC affiliate KRON. At KRON she was a reporter on "The Know Zone." The program later moved to CNET without O'Brien.
O'Brien was featured on a regular segment of the Discovery Channel program The Next Step, holding the position of "Sun Microsystems Infogal."
NBC News[link]
O'Brien then anchored MSNBC's weekend morning show and the cable network's award-winning technology program The Site, which aired weeknights from the Spring of 1996 to November 1997.
O'Brien co-anchored Weekend Today with David Bloom beginning July 1999. During that time, she contributed reports for the weekday Today Show and for weekend editions of NBC Nightly News, and covered such notable stories as John F. Kennedy Jr.'s plane crash and the 1990s school shootings in Colorado and Oregon.
CNN[link]
[edit] American Morning
O'Brien moved to CNN where she joined Miles O'Brien to co-anchor CNN's flagship morning program American Morning from New York City in July 2003. In 2005, she covered the Hurricane Katrina aftermath in New Orleans, where she interviewed then head of FEMA Michael Brown. On April 16, 2007, reportedly due to lagging ratings, O'Brien was replaced by former Fox News anchor Kiran Chetry (O'Brien's co-host at the time, Miles O'Brien, was replaced as well; former co-host Bill Hemmer had previously moved to Fox News).
[edit] Post-American Morning
O'Brien has recently completed a documentary entitled Latino In America documenting the lives of Latinos living in America. She continues to work as a reporter for CNN,[13] mainly hosting "In America" documentaries and occasionally filling in for Anderson Cooper on Anderson Cooper 360. She also anchored exit poll coverage during CNN's coverage of the primaries and caucuses in the 2008 United States presidential race. She also has filled in for Paula Zahn on Paula Zahn Now whenever Zahn was unable to make the broadcast (Zahn has since stopped working for CNN as of August 2, 2007).
O'Brien anchored a CNN special, Black in America, in July 2007. The program documented the successes, struggles and complex issues faced by black men, women and families forty years after the death of Martin Luther King Jr. In the first installment, O'Brien investigated how James Earl Ray, an armed robber and escaped convict, had already spent a year on the run just a month before his path collided with Dr. King in Memphis, Tennessee. In "The Black Woman & Family," O'Brien explored the varied experiences of black women and families and investigated the disturbing statistics of single parenthood, racial disparities between students and the devastating toll of HIV/AIDS.
[edit] Starting Point
In 2011, CNN canceled American Morning and replaced it with two new programs, Early Start and Starting Point. O'Brien began anchoring Starting Point on January 2, 2012.[14]
Honors and recognitions[link]
O'Brien's work has been honored several times, including a local Emmy for her work co-hosting the Discovery Channel's The Know Zone.
In 2007, O'Brien was awarded the NAACP President's Award.
She is a member of the National Association of Black Journalists, which named her the Journalist of the Year 2010 [15] and the National Association of Hispanic Journalists. She is a member of the Board of Directors of The After-School Corporation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to expanding educational opportunities for all students.She also serves on the board of directors of The Harlem School of the Arts.
She was named to Irish American Magazine's "Top 100 Irish Americans" on two occasions. She is also on Black Enterprise magazine's 2005 Hot List. Also in 2005, she was awarded "Groundbreaking Latina of the Year" award by Catalina magazine.
O'Brien has given several keynote speeches over the years, including the undergraduate commencement at Bryant University in May 2007, where she was presented with a Doctor of Humane Letters honorary degree,[16] the convocation speech at Cornell University's Commencement in May 2007, a speech at Binghamton University commencement in December 2007, and the keynote speech at the 2008 annual National Association of Student Personnel Administrators (NASPA) Conference in Boston, MA in March 2008.
In April 2008, she became the first recipient of the Soledad O’Brien Freedom’s Voice Award, an award created in her name by Morehouse School of Medicine. "The award was created to recognize her accomplishments and willingness to be a voice for the voiceless in our society, and her determination to cover stories that might otherwise go untold. It will be given annually to mid-career professionals who serve as catalysts for social change in their given fields."
She has been named in People's 50 Most Beautiful in 2001 and in People en Español's 50 Most Beautiful in 2004.
In November 2008, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health awarded CNN anchor and special correspondent Soledad O’Brien the Goodermote Humanitarian Award for her efforts while reporting on the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina and the 2004 Asian Tsunami.[17]
“Ms. O’Brien has shown the world tragedies of human conflict, natural disasters, chronic and infectious diseases,” said Michael J. Klag, MD, MPH, dean of the Bloomberg School of Public Health. “In addition to focusing attention on the people impacted, she has shed a light on how humanitarian efforts can help alleviate suffering and where current efforts have fallen short. Ms. O’Brien has challenged all of us to think and act in ways that offer humanitarian answers to the problems of the moment and the problems of the century, including public health issues.”
During a panel discussion for the 50th National Convention for Delta Sigma Theta sorority in New Orleans, LA, O'Brien announced that she would be inducted as an honorary member of the sorority in February 2011. She was inducted on February 7, 2011 during the Sorority's 22nd Annual Delta Days in the Nation’s Capital.
Criticism[link]
O'Brien drew criticism from FactCheck.org on September 8, 2008, for falsely asserting, during an interview with a McCain campaign spokesperson, that vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin, as Governor of Alaska, had slashed the special education budget by 62%,[18][19] when, in fact, she had increased it.[20][21][22] O'Brien was also criticized for these claims by other sources,[23][24][25][26][27] including the McCain/Palin campaign.[28]
O'Brien has also been criticized for using democratic election campaign talking points during CNN interviews. [29] While interviewing the former Governor of New Hampshire John Sununu, she was accused of excessive focus on Donald Trump's inquiries regarding President Obama's foreign birth to the detriment of other pressing issues. [30]
Career timeline[link]
- July 1999–July 2003: Weekend Today co-anchor[31]
- July 2003–April 2007 American Morning co-anchor[31]
November 2010 The Next Big Story: My Journey Through the Land of Possibilities written by Soledad O'Brien and Rose Marie Arce published.
References[link]
- ^ Edelhart, Courtenay (October 24, 2005). "CNN's O'Brien embraces her own diversity". Indianapolis Star. Archived from the original on 2005-12-24. http://web.archive.org/web/20051224171230/http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051024/ENTERTAINMENT05/510240308/1005/ENTERTAINMENT. Retrieved April 2, 2006.
- ^ Ariens, Chris (2011-12-29). "New CNN Morning Show to Launch Monday". TV Newser. http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/new-cnn-morning-show-to-launch-monday_b104329. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
- ^ "Anchors & Reporters Soledad O'Brien". http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/obrien.soledad.html. Retrieved April 22, 2007.
- ^ "The Church Across the Street" Guideposts, April 2004
- ^ a b Soledad O'Brien Unofficially
- ^ a b c Hispanic Magazine.com - June/July 2005 - Cover Story
- ^ Harvard Alumni Directory 2000 (Cambridge: President and Fellows of Harvard College, 2000, vol. I, p. 1038, vol. II, p. 300
- ^ "Behind the Scenes: Black and shopping in America". CNN. July 24, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/07/23/btsc.obrien/index.html. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
- ^ "Soledad O'Brien - Pride of Smithtown". Smithtown Alumni Association. http://alumni.smithtown.k12.ny.us/soledad.asp. Retrieved March 13, 2011.
- ^ "Wait Wait Don't Tell Me". NPR. August 19, 2006. http://www.npr.org/templates/rundowns/rundown.php?prgId=35&prgDate=19-08-2006&view=storyview. Retrieved August 19, 2006.
- ^ O'Brien encourages diversity in journalism Butler University Dawgnet, October 30, 2005
- ^ Soledad O'Brien Unofficially
- ^ CNN Flips American Morning: Soledad, Miles O'Brien Out; John Roberts, Scorned Fox Newser Kiran Chetry In MediaBistro, April 4, 2007
- ^ Shapiro, Rebecca (2011-12-29). "CNN Morning Show Gets Name And Debut Date". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/29/cnn-morning-show-debut-date_n_1174201.html. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
- ^ "CNN's Soledad O'Brien Named Journalist of the Year by Black Journalists Group". http://www.nabj.org/newsroom/news_releases/2010/newsrel042210joy.php.
- ^ Sweeney, Tracie (August 16, 2007). "Bryant University Commencement 2007". Bryant University. Archived from the original on November 18, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071118201917/http://www.bryant.edu/wps/wcm/connect/Bryant/About+Bryant/News/News+Releases/2007/Bryant+University+Commencement+2007. Retrieved January 2, 2008. "Soledad O’Brien will deliver the ceremony’s keynote address."
- ^ Bloomberg School Awards Goodermote Humanitarian Award to Soledad O’Brien, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, November 18, 2008
- ^ CNN transcript from September 4, 2008
- ^ CNN comes up short on reporting Palin bikini photo fraud and other rumors, FoxNews.com, September 10, 2008
- ^ FactCheck.org: Sliming Palin, September 8, 2008
- ^ Alaska Legislators Overhaul Funding, Education Week, April 29, 2008
- ^ Sliming Palin, False Internet claims and rumors fly about McCain's running mate, Newsweek, September 8, 2008
- ^ Newest Palin Smear: She Cut Special Needs Budget, The Weekly Standard, September 4, 2008
- ^ McCain Camp Fights Sarah Smears, The Rush Limbaugh Show, transcript, September 9, 2008
- ^ Not again: Palin “slashes” another children’s program…by increasing funding, Michelle Malkin, September 4, 2008
- ^ CNN Contradicts FactCheck.org and Their Own Reporting on Palin, NewsBusters, September 9, 2008
- ^ Reporters’ fuzzy math, Carolina Journal Online, September 4, 2008
- ^ ICYMI: FactCheck.org: "Sliming Palin", JohnMcCain.com, September 9, 2008
- ^ http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2012/05/sununu-accuses-cnn-of-birther-obsession-124839.html
- ^ http://www.breitbart.com/Big-Journalism/2012/05/30/CNN-Sununu-Trump-Soledad
- ^ a b "Anchors/Reporters: Soledad O'Brien". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/CNN/anchors_reporters/obrien.soledad.html. Retrieved May 23, 2010.
External links[link]
- Soledad O'Brien, CNN.com biography
- Soledad O'Brien at the Internet Movie Database
- Convocation 2007 Preview Cornell Daily Sun, May 24, 2007 - Interview with O'Brien
- Soledad O'Brien Interview
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | O'Brien, Soledad |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Broadcast journalist |
| Date of birth | September 19, 1966 |
| Place of birth | St. James, New York |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Soledad_O'Brien
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/О’Брайен, Соледад
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soledad_O'Brien
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
