Branches of Mathematics
Pure mathematics
Applied mathematics
- Dynamical systems and differential equations
- Mathematical physics
- Computing
- Information theory and signal processing
- Probability and statistics
- Game theory
- Operations research
Related Topics
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Linear Equations
- Applied Physics
- Nano Technology
- Engineering Sciences
- Mathematical Medicine
- Fluid dynamics
- Computational Mathematics
- Gamma Ray Optics
- Onfrared Optics
- Relative Velocity
- Iciam
- Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience Research
- Quantum Cosmology
- Brain Research
- Loading...
- Acoustic mirror
- Activator
- Adaptive optics
- Al-Andalus
- Alloy
- Amalgam (chemistry)
- Amplifier
- Amusement park
- Anamorphosis
- Anatolia
- Ancient Greece
- Ancient Rome
- Angle
- Angle of incidence
- Anish Kapoor
- Anjou, Quebec
- Aranmula kannadi
- Archaism
- Archimedes
- Arnolfini Portrait
- Asian elephant
- Astronomy
- Atomic mirror
- Bauble
- Beamsplitters
- Bibcode
- Bohemia
- Bondo, Switzerland
- Bonobo
- Bronze mirror
- Brothers Grimm
- Buddhist
- Candle
- Candyman (film)
- Chinese magic mirror
- Christmas ornament
- Classical antiquity
- Cold mirror
- Common chimpanzee
- Concave mirror
- Convex mirror
- Corner reflector
- Corrosion
- Culture of China
- Curved mirror
- Cutting board
- Cylinder (geometry)
- David Brewster
- Deformable mirror
- Diego Velázquez
- Dielectric
- Dielectric mirror
- Disco ball
- Discovery Channel
- Disk laser
- Distorting mirror
- Dungeons & Dragons
- Dye laser
- Dürer
- E-ELT
- European Magpie
- Fairy tale
- Faraday isolator
- Feng shui
- Field of view
- Filippo Brunelleschi
- Fireplace mantel
- Flat glass
- Float glass
- Focus (optics)
- Frida Kahlo
- Glasgow
- Gold leaf
- Gorilla
- Grazing incidence
- Greek mythology
- Han Dynasty
- Harry Potter
- HDTV
- Heliograph
- Holography
- Home decor
- Honeycomb mirror
- Hot mirror
- House of mirrors
- How It's Made
- I Ching
- Ibn al-Haytham
- Ibn Sahl
- Illusion
- Infinite regress
- Infrared
- Inorganic
- Interferometry
- Interim
- Interior decoration
- István Orosz
- Jan Van Eyck
- Jeppe Hein
- Jonathan Miller
- Journal of Physics B
- Justus von Liebig
- Kaleidoscope
- Kibble Palace
- Kilnsea
- Lantern
- Las Meninas
- Laser
- Laser ranging
- Lasers
- LCD
- LCoS
- Legend
- Lekythos
- Leonardo da Vinci
- Lewis Carroll
- Liquid crystal
- M. C. Escher
- Magic (illusion)
- Magnification
- Mammal
- Mangin mirror
- Manual of the Planes
- Matter waves
- Maze
- McGraw-Hill
- Mechanic
- Mercury (element)
- Mesopotamia
- Microwave
- Military
- Miniseries
- Mirror
- Mirror armour
- Mirror image
- Mirror of Erised
- Mirror support cell
- Mirror test
- Mirror Test
- Mirror writing
- Mirrors (film)
- MIT
- Moon
- Motorcycle helmet
- Mourning
- Mouth mirror
- Murano
- MythBusters
- Nanometer
- Non-reversing mirror
- Obsidian
- Optical
- Optical aberration
- Optical cavity
- Optics
- Orangutan
- Orca
- Oscar Wilde
- Oxidation
- Pablo Picasso
- Paint
- Paolo Veronese
- Parabolic mirror
- Parabolic reflector
- Parallel (geometry)
- Parking lot
- Passive device
- Pepper's ghost
- Perfect mirror
- Periscope
- Personal grooming
- Photography
- Pier glass
- Pixel
- Pixels
- Plane mirror
- Plane wave
- Plexiglass
- Pliny the Elder
- Poltergeist III
- Portrait
- Proceedings of SPIE
- Ptolemy
- Public art
- Qijia culture
- Racing car
- Radar
- Radio telescope
- Ray (optics)
- Rear-view mirror
- Red-figure pottery
- Reflectivity
- Rembrandt
- Renaissance
- Road junction
- Romania
- Saint-Gobain
- Scotland
- Scrying
- Self-portraits
- Seth Wulsin
- Shopping cart
- Sidon
- Silicone
- Silkscreen
- Silver nitrate
- Silvering
- Sky Mirror
- Slumber party
- Snopes.com
- Snow White
- Solar power tower
- Solar sail
- Soul (spirit)
- Sound wave
- Space heater
- Spectrophobia
- Spectrophotometer
- Specular reflection
- Speculum metal
- Sphere
- Spherical aberration
- Spherical geometry
- Superstition
- Telescope
- Texas Instruments
- The 10th Kingdom
- The Lady of Shalott
- Tin(II) chloride
- Titian
- TLV mirror
- Toxicity
- Two-way mirror
- Undead
- Vacuum deposition
- Vampire
- Van Gogh
- Vanity
- Vase
- Venice
- Venus effect
- Vermeil
- Video camera
- Video projector
- Viganella
- Virtual image
- Visible light
- Volcanic glass
- Wake (ceremony)
- Wavelength
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Witchcraft
- X-ray
- X-ray optics
- Yin and yang
- Édouard Manet
-
Anatolia
Coordinates: 39°N 32°E / 39°N 32°E / 39; 32
Anatolia (from Greek Ἀνατολή Anatolē — "east" or "(sun)rise"; also Asia Minor, from Greek: Μικρὰ Ἀσία Mikrá Asía "small Asia"; in modern Turkish: Anadolu) is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean Seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the European mainland. Traditionally, Anatolia is considered to extend in the east to a line between the Gulf of Iskenderun and the Black Sea, approximately corresponding to the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. However, since Anatolia is now often considered to be synonymous with Asian Turkey, its eastern and southeastern borders are widely taken to be the Turkish borders with the neighboring countries, which are Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Iraq and Syria, in clockwise direction.
wn.com/Anatolia -
Bohemia
Bohemia (Czech: Čechy;German:
Böhmen (help·info); Polish: Czechy; French: Bohême; Latin: Bohemia) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands. It is located in the contemporary Czech Republic with its capital in Prague. In a broader meaning, it often refers to the entire Czech territory, including Moravia and Czech Silesia, especially in historical contexts, such as the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Bohemia has an area of 52,065 km² and today is home to approximately 6 million of the Czech Republic's 10.3 million inhabitants. It is bordered by Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, the historical region of Moravia to the east, and Austria to the south. Bohemia's borders are marked with mountain ranges such as the Bohemian Forest, the Ore Mountains, and the Krkonoše (Giant Mountains), the highest within the Sudeten mountain range.
In the 2nd century BC, the Romans were competing for dominance in northern Italy, with various peoples including the Boii. The Romans defeated the Boii at the Battle of Placentia (194 BC) and the Battle of Mutina (193 BC). After this, many of the Boii retreated north across the Alps.
wn.com/Bohemia -
Glasgow
Coordinates: 55°51′29″N 4°15′32″W / 55.858°N 4.259°W / 55.858; -4.259
Glasgow (
i/ˈɡlɑːzɡəʊ/, locally /ˈɡlazɡo/, GLAZ-goh; Scots: Glesga listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Glaschu ([ˈkɫ̪as̪əxu] listen (help·info))) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands.
Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become one of the largest seaports in Britain. Expanding from the medieval bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the 15th century, it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the 18th century. From the 18th century the city also grew as one of Britain's main hubs of transatlantic trade with British North America and the British West Indies. With the Industrial Revolution, the city and surrounding region shifted to become one of the world's pre-eminent centres of heavy engineering, most notably in shipbuilding and marine engineering industry, which produced many innovative and famous vessels. Glasgow was known as the "Second City of the British Empire" for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period. Today it is one of Europe's top ten financial centres and is home to many of Scotland's leading businesses. Glasgow is also ranked as the 57th most liveable city in the world.
wn.com/Glasgow -
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty (simplified Chinese: 汉朝; traditional Chinese: 漢朝; pinyin: Hàn Cháo; Wade–Giles: Han Ch'ao; IPA: [xân tʂʰɑ̌ʊ̯]) (206 BCE – 220 CE) was an imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty (9–23 CE) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han into two periods: the Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) and Eastern Han (25–220 CE). Spanning over four centuries, the period of the Han Dynasty is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to itself as the "Han people" and Chinese characters are referred to as "Han characters".
wn.com/Han_Dynasty -
Kilnsea
Coordinates: 53°37′15″N 0°07′46″E / 53.620856°N 0.129497°E / 53.620856; 0.129497
Kilnsea is a hamlet in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England, in an area known as Holderness. It is situated approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) south of the village of Easington, on the north bank of the Humber Estuary.
It forms part of the civil parish of Easington.
East of Kilnsea is the Grade II listed First World War concrete acoustic mirror used as an early warning device.
wn.com/Kilnsea -
Murano
Murano is a series of islands linked by bridges in the Venetian Lagoon, northern Italy. It lies about 1.5 km north of Venice and measures about 1.5 km (0.93 mi) across with a population of just over 5,000 (2004 figures). It is famous for its glass making, particularly lampworking. It was once an independent comune, but is now a frazione of the comune of Venice.
Murano was settled by the Romans, then from the sixth century by people from Altinum and Oderzo. At first, the island prospered as a fishing port and through production of salt. It was also a centre for trade, through the port it controlled on Sant'Erasmo. From the eleventh century, it began to decline as islanders moved to Dorsoduro. It had a Grand Council, like that of Venice, but from the thirteenth century Murano was ultimately governed by a podestà from Venice. Unlike the other islands in the Lagoon, Murano minted its own coins.
Early in the second millennium, hermits of the Camaldolese Order occupied one of the islands, seeking a place of solitude for their way of life. There they founded the Monastery of St. Michael (Italian: S. Michele di Murano). This monastery became a great center of learning and printing. The famous cartographer, Fra Mauro, whose maps were so crucial to European exploration of the world was a monk of this community. The monastery was suppressed in 1810 by French forces under Napoleon in the course of their conquest of the Italian peninsula, and the monks finally expelled in 1814. The grounds then became Venice's major cemetery.
wn.com/Murano -
Romania
Romania (i/roʊˈmeɪniə/ roh-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Roumania; or Rumania;Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] (
listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and Moldova to the northeast and east, and Bulgaria to the south.
At 238,400 square kilometers (92,000 sq mi), Romania is the ninth largest country of the European Union by area, and has the seventh largest population of the European Union with over 19 million people. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest, the tenth largest city in the EU with about two million people.
The Kingdom of Romania emerged when the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia were united under Prince Alexander Ioan Cuza in 1859. Independence from the Ottoman Empire was declared on 9 May 1877, and was internationally recognized the following year. At the end of World War I, Transylvania, Bukovina and Bessarabia united with the Kingdom of Romania. Greater Romania emerged into an era of progression and prosperity that would continue until World War II. By the end of the War, many north-eastern areas of Romania's territories were occupied by the Soviet Union, and Romania forcibly became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.
wn.com/Romania -
Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
wn.com/Scotland -
Sidon
Coordinates: 33°33′38″N 35°23′53″E / 33.56056°N 35.39806°E / 33.56056; 35.39806
Sidon or Saïda (Arabic: صيدا, Ṣaydā; Phoenician:
, Ṣydwn; Greek: Σιδών; Latin: Sidon; Hebrew: צידון, Ṣīḏōn, Turkish: Sayda) is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km (25 mi) north of Tyre and 40 km (25 mi) south of the capital Beirut. In Genesis, Sidon is the son of Canaan the grandson of Noah. Its name coincides with the modern Arabic word for fishery.
Sidon is a city of 200,000 inhabitants who are overwhelmingly Muslims.
Sidon has been inhabited since very early in prehistory. The archaeological site of Sidon II shows a lithic assemblage dating to the Acheulean, whilst finds at Sidon III include a Heavy Neolithic assemblage suggested to date just prior to the invention of pottery. It was one of the most important Phoenician cities, and may have been the oldest. From here, and other ports, a great Mediterranean commercial empire was founded. Homer praised the skill of its craftsmen in producing glass, purple dyes, and its women's skill at the art of embroidery. It was also from here that a colonizing party went to found the city of Tyre. Tyre also grew into a great city, and in subsequent years there was competition between the two, each claiming to be the metropolis ('Mother City') of Phoenicia. Glass manufacturing, Sidon's most important enterprise in the Phoenician era, was conducted on a vast scale, and the production of purple dye was almost as important. The small shell of the Murex trunculus was broken in order to extract the pigment that was so rare it became the mark of royalty.
wn.com/Sidon -
Sky Mirror
Sky Mirror is a public sculpture by artist Anish Kapoor. Commissioned by the Nottingham Playhouse from the artist, it is installed outside the theatre in Wellington Circus, Nottingham, England. Sky Mirror is a six-metre-wide concave dish of polished stainless steel weighing ten tonnes and angled up towards the sky. Its surface reflects the ever-changing environment.
It took six years from the initial idea for a major new piece of public art to the unveiling of Sky Mirror on 27 April 2001, and cost £900,000. At the time, it was the most expensive piece of civic art funded by the National Lottery.[citation needed] It was manufactured in Finland.
In autumn 2007 the Nottingham Playhouse Sky Mirror was voted Pride of Place in a poll to find Nottingham's favourite landmark.[citation needed] Most recently, Sky Mirror has been installed in Brighton's Pavilion Gardens for the Brighton Festival.
From September 19 – October 27, 2006, a larger version of Sky Mirror'' was installed at Rockefeller Center in New York City. It had a 35-foot diameter (10.6 metres), stood three stories tall, and weighed 23 tons.[citation needed] The convex side faced Fifth Avenue, the concave side the Rockefeller Center courtyard. The sculpture reflected and inverted the Center's skyscrapers, thus, in the words of the artist, bringing "the sky down to the ground".[citation needed]
wn.com/Sky_Mirror -
Texas Instruments
Coordinates: 32°54′33″N 96°45′04″W / 32.909256°N 96.751054°W / 32.909256; -96.751054
Texas Instruments Inc. (NASDAQ: TXN), known as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, United States, which develops and commercializes semiconductor and computer technology. TI is the third largest manufacturer of semiconductors worldwide after Intel and Samsung, the second largest supplier of chips for cellular handsets after Qualcomm, and the largest producer of digital signal processors (DSPs) and analog semiconductors, among a wide range of other semiconductor products, including calculators, microcontrollers and multi-core processors.
Texas Instruments was founded in 1951. It emerged after a reorganization of Geophysical Service. This company manufactured equipment for use in the seismic industry as well as defense electronics. TI researched infrared technology in the late 1950s and later made transistors, including the world's first workable silicon transistor, radar systems, guidance and control systems for both missiles and bombs. In 1954, Texas Instruments designed and manufactured the first transistor radio and Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit in 1958 while working at TI's Central Research Labs. The company produced the first integrated circuit-based computer for the U.S. Air Force in 1961. The hand-held calculator was introduced to the world by TI in 1967.
wn.com/Texas_Instruments -
Venice
Venice (Italian: Venezia [veˈnɛttsja] (
listen), Venetian: Venexia [veˈnɛsja]; (Latin: Venetia) is a city in northeast Italy sited on a group of 118 small islands separated by canals and linked by bridges. It is located in the marshy Venetian Lagoon which stretches along the shoreline between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Venice is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. The city in its entirety is listed as World Heritage Site, along with its lagoon.
Venice is the capital of the Veneto region. In 2009, there were 270,098 people residing in Venice's comune (the population estimate of 272,000 inhabitants includes the population of the whole Comune of Venezia; around 60,000 in the historic city of Venice (Centro storico); 176,000 in Terraferma (the Mainland), mostly in the large frazioni of Mestre and Marghera; 31,000 live on other islands in the lagoon). Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE) (population 1,600,000).
wn.com/Venice -
Viganella
Viganella is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola in the Italian region Piedmont, located about 120 km northeast of Turin and about 30 km northwest of Verbania. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 185 and an area of 13.7 km².
Viganella borders the following municipalities: Antrona Schieranco, Calasca-Castiglione, Montescheno, Seppiana.
Due to the mountains the town does not get direct sunlight for 83 days a year. To remedy this, in November 2006 the town set up a giant mirror with adjustable, computer-controlled orientation on the mountainside, consisting of 14 sheets of steel which together are 8 m wide and 5 m high. The mirror functions as a heliostat, tracking the sun so that sunlight always reflects onto the town square. The mirror was built at a cost of €100,000, or approximately €540 per resident.
The town was featured in a 2009 Italian/Canadian film called Lo Specchio (The Mirror).
<timeline> Colors=
ImageSize = width:455 height:303 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
wn.com/Viganella
-
Anish Kapoor
Anish Kapoor CBE RA Padma Bhushan (born 12 March 1954) is an Indian-born British sculptor. Born in Mumbai, Kapoor has lived and worked in London since the early 1970s when he moved to study art, first at the Hornsey College of Art and later at the Chelsea School of Art and Design.
He represented Britain in the XLIV Venice Biennale in 1990, when he was awarded the Premio Duemila Prize. In 1991 he received the Turner Prize and in 2002 received the Unilever Commission for the Turbine Hall at Tate Modern. Notable public sculptures include Cloud Gate, Millennium Park, Chicago, Sky Mirror exhibited at the Rockefeller Center, New York in 2006 and Kensington Gardens in 2010, Temenos, at Middlehaven, Middlesbrough, 'Leviathan' at the Grand Palais in 2011 and ArcelorMittal Orbit commissioned as a permanent artwork for the Olympic Park and due for completion in 2012.
Anish Kapoor was elected a Royal Academician in 1999 and in 2003 he was made a Commander of the British Empire. In 2011 he was made a Commander in the French Ordre des Arts et des Lettres and was awarded the Japanese Praemium Imperiale.
wn.com/Anish_Kapoor -
Archimedes
Archimedes of Syracuse (Ancient Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης; c. 287 BC – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and an explanation of the principle of the lever. He is credited with designing innovative machines, including siege engines and the screw pump that bears his name. Modern experiments have tested claims that Archimedes designed machines capable of lifting attacking ships out of the water and setting ships on fire using an array of mirrors.
Archimedes is generally considered to be the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time. He used the method of exhaustion to calculate the area under the arc of a parabola with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of pi. He also defined the spiral bearing his name, formulae for the volumes of surfaces of revolution and an ingenious system for expressing very large numbers.
wn.com/Archimedes -
Brothers Grimm
The Brothers Grimm (German: Brüder Grimm or Die Gebrüder Grimm), Jakob Grimm (January 4, 1785 – September 20, 1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (February 24, 1786 – December 16, 1859), were German academics, linguists, cultural researchers, and authors who together collected folklore. They are among the most well-known storytellers of European folk tales, and their work popularized such stories as "Cinderella", "The Frog Prince" (Der Froschkönig), "Hansel and Gretel" (Hänsel und Gretel), "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin" (Rumpelstilzchen), and "Snow White" (Schneewittchen). Their first collection of folk tales, Children's and Household Tales (Kinder- und Hausmärchen), was published in 1812.
The brothers spent their formative years first in the German town of Hanau and then in Steinau. Their father's death in 1796, about a decade into their lives, caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years. They attended the University of Marburg where historian and jurist Friedrich von Savigny spurred their interest in philology and Germanic studies—a field in which they are now considered pioneers—and at the same time developed a curiosity for folklore, which grew into a life-long dedication to collecting German folk tales.
wn.com/Brothers_Grimm -
David Brewster
Sir David Brewster KH PRSE FRS FSA(Scot) FSSA MICE (11 December 1781 – 10 February 1868) was a Scottish physicist, mathematician, astronomer, inventor, writer and university principal.
David Brewster was born at the Canongate in Jedburgh, Roxburghshire to Margaret Key (1753–1790) and James Brewster (c. 1735–1815), the rector of Jedburgh Grammar School and a teacher of high reputation. David was the third of six children, two daughters and four sons: James (1777–1847), minister at Craig, Ferryden; David; David; George (1784–1855), minister at Scoonie, Fife; and Patrick (1788–1859), minister at the abbey church, Paisley.
At the age of 12, David was sent to the University of Edinburgh (graduating MA in 1800), being intended for the clergy. He was licensed a minister of the Church of Scotland, but only preached from the pulpit on one occasion. He had already shown a strong inclination for natural science, and this had been fostered by his intimacy with a "self-taught philosopher, astronomer and mathematician," as Sir Walter Scott called him, of great local fame—James Veitch of Inchbonny—a man who was particularly skillful in making telescopes.
wn.com/David_Brewster -
Diego Velázquez
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈdjeɣo roˈðriɣeθ ðe ˈsilβa i beˈlaθkeθ]; June 6, 1599 – August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter who was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV. He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary Baroque period, important as a portrait artist. In addition to numerous renditions of scenes of historical and cultural significance, he painted scores of portraits of the Spanish royal family, other notable European figures, and commoners, culminating in the production of his masterpiece Las Meninas (1656).
From the first quarter of the nineteenth century, Velázquez's artwork was a model for the realist and impressionist painters, in particular Édouard Manet. Since that time, more modern artists, including Spain's Pablo Picasso and Salvador Dalí, as well as the Anglo-Irish painter Francis Bacon, have paid tribute to Velázquez by recreating several of his most famous works.
Born in Seville, Andalusia, Spain, Diego, the first child of Juan Rodríguez de Silva and Jerónima Velázquez, was baptized at the church of St Peter in Seville on Sunday, June 6, 1599. This christening must have followed the baby's birth by no more than a few weeks, or perhaps only a few days. Velázquez's paternal grandparents, Diego da Silva and Maria Rodrigues, had moved to Seville from their native Porto, Portugal decades earlier. As for Juan Rodríguez de Silva and his wife, both were born in Seville, and were married, also at the church of St Peter, on December 28, 1597. They came from the lesser nobility and were accorded the privileges generally enjoyed by the gentry.
wn.com/Diego_Velázquez -
Field of view
The field of view (also field of vision, abbreviated FOV) is the extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment.
Different animals have different fields of view, depending on the placement of the eyes. Humans have an almost 180-degree forward-facing horizontal field of view, while some birds have a complete or nearly complete 360-degree field of view. In addition, the vertical range of the field of view in humans is typically around 100 degrees.
The range of visual abilities is not uniform across a field of view, and varies from animal to animal. For example, binocular vision, which is important for depth perception, only covers 120 degrees (horizontally) of the field of vision in humans[citation needed]; the remaining peripheral 60 degrees have no binocular vision (because of the lack of overlap in the images from either eye for those parts of the field of view). Some birds have a scant 10 or 20 degrees of binocular vision.
Similarly, color vision and the ability to perceive shape and motion vary across the field of view; in humans the former is concentrated in the center of the visual field, while the latter tends to be much stronger in the periphery. This is due to the much higher concentration of color-sensitive cone cells in the fovea, the central region of the retina, in comparison to the higher concentration of motion-sensitive rod cells in the periphery. Since cone cells require considerably brighter light sources to be activated, the result of this distribution is that peripheral vision is much stronger at night relative to binocular vision.
wn.com/Field_of_view -
Filippo Brunelleschi
Filippo Brunelleschi (Italian pronunciation: [fiˈlippo brunelˈleski]; 1377 – April 15, 1446) was one of the foremost architects and engineers of the Italian Renaissance. He is perhaps most famous for his studies of linear perspective and engineering the dome of the Florence Cathedral, but his accomplishments also include other architectural works, sculpture, mathematics, engineering and even ship design. His principal surviving works are to be found in Florence, Italy.
Little is known about the early life of Brunelleschi, the only sources being Antonio Manetti and Giorgio Vasari. According to these sources, Filippo's father was Brunellesco di Lippo, a lawyer, and his mother was Giuliana Spini. Filippo was the middle of their three children. The young Filippo was given a literary and mathematical education intended to enable him to follow in the footsteps of his father, a civil servant. Being artistically inclined, however, Filippo enrolled in the Arte della Seta, the silk merchants' Guild, which also included goldsmiths, metalworkers, and bronze workers. He became a master goldsmith in 1398. It was thus not a coincidence that his first important building commission, the Ospedale degli Innocenti, came from the guild to which he belonged.
wn.com/Filippo_Brunelleschi -
Frida Kahlo
Frida Kahlo de Rivera (July 6, 1907 – July 13, 1954; born Magdalena Carmen Frieda Kahlo y Calderón) was a Mexican painter, born in Coyoacán, and is perhaps best known for her self-portraits.
Kahlo's life began and ended in Mexico City, in her home known as the Blue House. She gave her birth date as July 7, 1910, but her birth certificate shows July 6, 1907. Kahlo had allegedly wanted the year of her birth to coincide with the year of the beginning of the Mexican revolution so that her life would begin with the birth of modern Mexico. At the age of six, Frida developed polio, which caused her right leg to appear much thinner than the other. It was to remain that way permanently. Her work has been celebrated in Mexico as emblematic of national and indigenous tradition, and by feminists for its uncompromising depiction of the female experience and form.
Mexican culture and Amerindian cultural tradition are important in her work, which has been sometimes characterized as Naïve art or folk art. Her work has also been described as "surrealist", and in 1938 André Breton, principal initiator of the surrealist movement, described Kahlo's art as a "ribbon around a bomb".
wn.com/Frida_Kahlo -
István Orosz
István Orosz (b. 24 October 1951; Kecskemét) Hungarian painter, printmaker, graphic designer and animated film director, is known for his mathematically inspired works, impossible objects, optical illusions, double-meaning images and anamorphoses. The geometric art of István Orosz, with forced perspectives and optical illusions, has been compared to works by M. C. Escher.
Studied at the Hungarian University of Arts and Design (now Moholy-Nagy University of Art and Design) in Budapest as pupil of István Balogh and Ernő Rubik. After graduating in 1975 he began to deal with theatre as stage designer and animated film as animator and film director. He is known as painter, printmaker, poster designer, and illustrator as well. He likes to use visual paradox, double meaning images and illusionistic approaches while following traditional printing techniques such as woodcutting and etching. He also tries to renew the technique of anamorphosis. He is a regular participant in the major international biennials of posters and graphic art and his works has been shown in individual and group exhibitions in Hungary and abroad. Film director at the PannóniaFilm Studio in Budapest, Habil. professor at University of West Hungary in Sopron, co-founder of Hungarian Poster Association, member of Alliance Graphique International (AGI) and Hungarian Art Academie. He often uses OYTIΣ, or Utisz, (pronounced: outis) (No one) as artist's pseudonym.
wn.com/István_Orosz -
Jan Van Eyck
Jan van Eyck (or Johannes de Eyck) (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈjɑn vɑn ˈɛjk]) (before c. 1395 – before 9 July 1441) was a Flemish painter active in Bruges and is generally considered one of the most significant Northern European painters of the 15th century. The few surviving records indicate that he was born around 1390, most likely in Maaseik. Little is known of his early life, but his activities following his appointment to the court of Philip the Good c. 1425 are comparatively well documented. Van Eyck had previously served John of Bavaria-Straubing, then ruler of Holland, Hainault and Zeeburg. By this time van Eyck had assembled a workshop and was involved in redecorating the Binnenhof palace in The Hague. He moved to Bruges sometime around 1425 and there came to the attention of Philip the Good. He served as both court artist and diplomat and became a senior member of the Tournai painters' guild, where he enjoyed the company of similarly esteemed artists such as Robert Campin and Rogier van der Weyden. Over the following decade van Eyck's reputation and technical ability grew, mostly from his innovative approaches towards the handling and manipulating of oil paint. His revolutionary approach to oil was such that a myth, perpetuated by Giorgio Vasari, arose that he had invented oil painting.
wn.com/Jan_Van_Eyck -
Jeppe Hein
Jeppe Hein (born 1974, Copenhagen, Denmark) is an artist based in Berlin and Copenhagen. Hein is widely known for his production of experiential and interactive artworks that can be positioned at the junction where art, architecture, and technical inventions intersect. Notable in their formal simplicity and frequent use of humor, his sculptures and installations engage in a lively dialogue with the traditions of Minimalism and Conceptual art of the 1970s. Hein’s works often feature surprising and captivating elements which place spectators at the centre of events and focus on their experience and perception of the surrounding space.
Hein studied at the Royal Danish Academy of Art between 1997 and 2003 and at the Städelschule in Frankfurt between 1999 and 2000 (while registered as an associate student of the Danish Academy). As a student Hein was co-founder of OTTO, a non-commercial organisation which organised art exhibitions at various venues in Denmark between 1997 and 2000.
Motion in the form of fountains, light sculptures or other (aesthetic) things together with interaction, is at the center of Hein's work. His early works include labyrinths in various media (including mazes made of mirrors or motion-triggered sound) and sculptures that refuse to be static: they emit smoke and fire (Smoking Bench (2003) and Burning Cube (2005)), or are programmed to vibrate or jump when approached (Independent Pedestal (2002), Shaking Cube (2004), and Walking Cube (2004)).
wn.com/Jeppe_Hein -
Jonathan Miller
Sir Jonathan Wolfe Miller CBE (born 21 July 1934) is a British theatre and opera director, actor, author, television presenter, humorist and sculptor. Trained as a physician in the late 1950s, he first came to prominence in the early 1960s with his role in the comedy revue Beyond the Fringe with fellow writers and performers Peter Cook, Dudley Moore and Alan Bennett. Despite having seen few operas and not knowing how to read music, he began stage-directing them in the 1970s and has since become one of the world's leading opera directors with several classic productions to his credit. His best-known production is probably his 1982 "Mafia"-styled Rigoletto set in 1950s Little Italy, Manhattan. In its early days he was an associate director at the Royal National Theatre and later he ran the Old Vic Theatre. He has also become a well-known television personality and familiar public intellectual in Britain and the United States of America.
wn.com/Jonathan_Miller -
Justus von Liebig
Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. As a professor, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the greatest chemistry teachers of all time. He is known as the "father of the fertilizer industry" for his discovery of nitrogen as an essential plant nutrient, and his formulation of the Law of the Minimum which described the effect of individual nutrients on crops. He also developed a manufacturing process for beef extracts, and founded a company, Liebig Extract of Meat Company, that later trademarked the Oxo brand beef bouillon cube.
Liebig was born in Darmstadt into a middle class family. From childhood he was fascinated by chemistry. At the age of 13, Liebig lived through the year without a summer, when the majority of food-crops in the northern hemisphere were destroyed by a volcanic winter. Germany was among the hardest-hit in the global famine that ensued, and the experience is said to have shaped Liebig's later work. Thanks in part to Liebig's innovations in fertilizers and agriculture, the 1816 famine became known as "the last great subsistence crisis in the Western world".
wn.com/Justus_von_Liebig -
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (Italian pronunciation: [leoˈnardo da ˈvintʃi] pronunciation (help·info); April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519, Old Style) was an Italian Renaissance polymath: painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist, and writer whose genius, perhaps more than that of any other figure, epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the Renaissance Man, a man of "unquenchable curiosity" and "feverishly inventive imagination". He is widely considered to be one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most diversely talented person ever to have lived. According to art historian Helen Gardner, the scope and depth of his interests were without precedent and "his mind and personality seem to us superhuman, the man himself mysterious and remote". Marco Rosci points out, however, that while there is much speculation about Leonardo, his vision of the world is essentially logical rather than mysterious, and that the empirical methods he employed were unusual for his time.
wn.com/Leonardo_da_Vinci -
Lewis Carroll
Charles Lutwidge Dodgson ( /ˈtʃɑrlz ˈlʌtwɪdʒ ˈdɒdʒsən/ CHARLZ LUDT-wij DOJ-sən; 27 January 1832 – 14 January 1898), better known by the pseudonym Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ KARR-əl), was an English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer. His most famous writings are Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, as well as the poems "The Hunting of the Snark" and "Jabberwocky", all examples of the genre of literary nonsense. He is noted for his facility at word play, logic, and fantasy, and there are societies dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life in many parts of the world, including the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States, and New Zealand.
Dodgson's family was predominantly northern English, with Irish connections. Conservative and High Church Anglican, most of Dodgson's ancestors were army officers or Church of England clergy. His great-grandfather, also named Charles Dodgson, had risen through the ranks of the church to become the Bishop of Elphin. His grandfather, another Charles, had been an army captain, killed in action in Ireland in 1803 when his two sons were hardly more than babies. His mother's name was Frances Jane Lutwidge.
wn.com/Lewis_Carroll -
Oscar Wilde
Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams, plays and the circumstances of his imprisonment, followed by his early death.
Wilde's parents were successful Dublin intellectuals. Their son became fluent in French and German early in life. At university Wilde read Greats; he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first at Dublin, then at Oxford. He became known for his involvement in the rising philosophy of aestheticism, led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he tried his hand at various literary activities: he published a book of poems, lectured in the United States of America and Canada on the new "English Renaissance in Art", and then returned to London where he worked prolifically as a journalist. Known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress, and glittering conversation, Wilde had become one of the most well-known personalities of his day.
wn.com/Oscar_Wilde -
Pablo Picasso
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso, known as Pablo Picasso (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpaβlo piˈkaso], 25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973), was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist, and stage designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is widely known for co-founding the Cubist movement, the invention of constructed sculpture, the co-invention of collage, and for the wide variety of styles that he helped develop and explore. Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), and Guernica (1937), a portrayal of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War.
Picasso, Henri Matisse and Marcel Duchamp are commonly regarded as the three artists who most defined the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the 20th century, responsible for significant developments in painting, sculpture, printmaking and ceramics.
wn.com/Pablo_Picasso -
Paolo Veronese
Paolo Veronese (1528 – 19 April 1588) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance in Venice, famous for paintings such as The Wedding at Cana and The Feast in the House of Levi. He adopted the name Paolo Cagliari or Paolo Caliari, and became known as "Veronese" from his birthplace in Verona.
Veronese, Titian, and Tintoretto constitute the triumvirate of pre-eminent Venetian painters of the late Renaissance (16th century). Veronese is known as a supreme colorist, and for his illusionistic decorations in both fresco and oil. His most famous works are elaborate narrative cycles, executed in a dramatic and colorful Mannerist style, full of majestic architectural settings and glittering pageantry. His large paintings of biblical feasts executed for the refectories of monasteries in Venice and Verona are especially notable. His brief testimony with the Inquisition is often quoted for its insight into contemporary painting technique.
The census in Verona attests that Veronese was born sometime in 1528 to a stonecutter named Gabriele, and his wife Catherina. By the age of fourteen Veronese apprenticed with the local master Antonio Badile, and perhaps with Giovanni Francesco Caroto. An altarpiece painted by Badile in 1543 includes striking passages that were most likely the work of his fifteen-year-old apprentice; Veronese's precocious gifts soon surpassed the level of the workshop, and by 1544 he was no longer residing with Badile. Though trained in the culture of Mannerism then popular in Parma, he soon developed his own preference for a more radiant palette.
wn.com/Paolo_Veronese -
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (23 AD – August 25, 79 AD), better known as Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, and natural philosopher, as well as naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and personal friend of the emperor Vespasian. Spending most of his spare time studying, writing or investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field, he wrote an encyclopedic work, Naturalis Historia, which became a model for all such works written subsequently. Pliny the Younger, his nephew, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus:
Pliny is referring to the fact that Tacitus relied on his uncle's now missing work on the History of the German Wars. Pliny the Elder died on August 25, 79 AD, while attempting the rescue by ship of a friend and his family from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius that had just destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. The prevailing wind would not allow his ship to leave the shore. His companions attributed his collapse and death to toxic fumes; but they were unaffected by the fumes, suggesting natural causes.
wn.com/Pliny_the_Elder -
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy ( /ˈtɒləmi/; Greek: Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaudios Ptolemaios; Latin: Claudius Ptolemaeus; c. AD 90 – c. AD 168), was a Greek-Roman citizen of Egypt who wrote in Greek. He was a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in Egypt under Roman rule, and is believed to have been born in the town of Ptolemais Hermiou in the Thebaid. This theory, proposed by Theodore Meliteniotes, could be correct, but it is late (ca. 1360) and unsupported. There is no reason to suppose that he ever lived anywhere else than Alexandria, where he died around AD 168.
Ptolemy was the author of several scientific treatises, at least three of which were of continuing importance to later Islamic and European science. The first is the astronomical treatise now known as the Almagest (in Greek, Ἡ Μεγάλη Σύνταξις, "The Great Treatise", originally Μαθηματικὴ Σύνταξις, "Mathematical Treatise"). The second is the Geography, which is a thorough discussion of the geographic knowledge of the Greco-Roman world. The third is the astrological treatise known sometimes in Greek as the Apotelesmatika (Ἀποτελεσματικά), more commonly in Greek as the Tetrabiblos (Τετράβιβλος "Four books"), and in Latin as the Quadripartitum (or four books) in which he attempted to adapt horoscopic astrology to the Aristotelian natural philosophy of his day.
wn.com/Ptolemy -
Rembrandt
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈrɛmbrɑnt ˈɦɑrmə(n)soːn vɑn ˈrɛin], 15 July 1606 – 4 October 1669) was a Dutch painter and etcher. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art history and the most important in Dutch history. His contributions to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural achievement that historians call the Dutch Golden Age, when Dutch Golden Age painting, although in many ways antithetical to the Baroque style that dominated Europe, was extremely prolific and innovative.
Having achieved youthful success as a portrait painter, Rembrandt's later years were marked by personal tragedy and financial hardships. Yet his etchings and paintings were popular throughout his lifetime, his reputation as an artist remained high, and for twenty years he taught many important Dutch painters. Rembrandt's greatest creative triumphs are exemplified especially in his portraits of his contemporaries, self-portraits and illustrations of scenes from the Bible. His self-portraits form a unique and intimate biography, in which the artist surveyed himself without vanity and with the utmost sincerity.
wn.com/Rembrandt -
Seth Wulsin
Seth Wulsin (born in Spring Valley, NY) is an artist working primarily with space and light through large-scale, site-specific, ephemeral sculpture and drawing.
Wulsin is best known for the work, 16 Tons, Prison Demolition, a massive ongoing, public piece in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He is a member of the art collectives Artistas en Latino America and Wubacawi and founder of Cajitas (2009).
Wulsin currently lives and works in Brooklyn, NY.
He studied briefly at Yale University, before withdrawing to play music with guitarist Solomon Silber. Between 2003 and 2005 he worked with the sculptor Ray King, helping to fabricate and install his large-scale public works.
wn.com/Seth_Wulsin -
Titian
Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c. 1488/1490 – 27 August 1576) known in English as Titian ( /ˈtɪʃən/) was an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near Belluno (in Veneto), in the Republic of Venice. During his lifetime he was often called da Cadore, taken from the place of his birth.
Recognized by his contemporaries as "The Sun Amidst Small Stars" (recalling the famous final line of Dante's Paradiso), Titian was one of the most versatile of Italian painters, equally adept with portraits, landscape backgrounds, and mythological and religious subjects. His painting methods, particularly in the application and use of color, would exercise a profound influence not only on painters of the Italian Renaissance, but on future generations of Western art.
During the course of his long life, Titian's artistic manner changed drastically but he retained a lifelong interest in color. Although his mature works may not contain the vivid, luminous tints of his early pieces, their loose brushwork and subtlety of polychromatic modulations are without precedent in the history of Western art.
wn.com/Titian -
Édouard Manet
Édouard Manet (US /mæˈneɪ/ or UK /ˈmæneɪ/; French: [edwaʁ manɛ]; 1832–1883) was a French painter. One of the first 19th-century artists to approach modern-life subjects, he was a pivotal figure in the transition from Realism to Impressionism.
His early masterworks, The Luncheon on the Grass (Le déjeuner sur l'herbe) and Olympia, engendered great controversy and served as rallying points for the young painters who would create Impressionism. Today, these are considered watershed paintings that mark the genesis of modern art.
Born into an upper class household with strong political connections, Manet rejected the future originally envisioned for him, and became engrossed in the world of painting. He married Suzanne Leenhoff in 1863. The last 20 years of Manet's life saw him form bonds with other great artists of the time, and develop his own style that would be heralded as innovative and serve as a major influence for future painters.
Édouard Manet was born in Paris on 23 January 1832, to an affluent and well connected family. His mother, Eugénie-Desirée Fournier, was the daughter of a diplomat and goddaughter of the Swedish crown prince, Charles Bernadotte, from whom the current Swedish monarchs are descended. His father, Auguste Manet, was a French judge who expected Édouard to pursue a career in law. His uncle, Edmond Fournier, encouraged him to pursue painting and often took young Manet to the Louvre. In 1841 he enrolled at secondary school, the Collège Rollin. In 1845, at the advice of his uncle, Manet enrolled in a special course of drawing where he met Antonin Proust, future Minister of Fine Arts and subsequent life-long friend.
wn.com/Édouard_Manet
- Mirror - Lil' Wayne
- Mirror - Atmosphere
- Mirror - Rage
- Mirror - Beautiful South
- Mirror - Twiztid
- Mirror - Super Junior
- Mirror - Tyga
- Mirror - The Beautiful South
- Mirror - Bobby Valentino
- Mirror - Rebecca St. James
- Mirror - Monica
- Mirror - Ne-Yo
- Mirror - Mercyful Fate
- Mirror - Demi Lovato
- Mirror - Crematory
- Mirror - Merciful Fate
- Mirror - End Of Green
- Mirror - Barlowgirl
- Mirror - Dreamtale
- Mirror - Bonnie Pink
- Mirror - Barlow Girl
- Mirror - eRa
- Mirror - Imperia
- Mirror - Jester's Funeral
- Mirror - Daan
- Mirror - Claire Voyant
- Mirror - Keke Wyatt
- Mirror - GS Megaphone
- Mirror - Auto-auto
- Mirror - Blind Ego
- Mirror - One 2 Many
- Mirror - Thom Yorke
- Mirror - Moss Icon
- Mirror - Xperience
- Mirror - Ne-yo's Exgirlfriend
Uh, With everything happening today
You don't know whether you're coming or going
But you think that you're on your way
Life lined up on the mirror, don't blow it (Whoo!)
Look at me when I'm talking to you
You lookin' at me, but I'm lookin' through you
I see the blood in your eyes
I see the love in disguise
I see the pain hidden in your pride
I see you're not satisfied
And I don't see nobody else
I see myself
I'm lookin' at the
Chorus - Bruno Mars:
Mirror on the wall
Here we are again (yeah)
Through my rise and fall (uh)
You've been my only friend (yeah)
You told me that they can
understand the man I am
So why are we here
Talking to each other again?
I see the truth in your lies
I see nobody by your side
But I'm with you when you're all alone
And you correct me when I'm lookin' wrong
I see the guilt beneath the shame
I see your soul through your windowpane
I see the scars that remain
I see Wayne
I'm looking at the
Chorus - Bruno Mars:
Mirror on the wall
Here we are again (yeah)
Through my rise and fall (uh-huh)
You've been my only friend (my only friend)
You told me that they can
Understand the man I am (they can understand)
So why are we here (misunderstood)
Talking to each other again?
Looking at me now, I can see my past
Damn, I look just like my f***in' Dad
Light it up, that's smoke in mirrors
I even look good in a broken mirror
I see my Mama's smile, that's a blessing
I see the change; I see the message
And no message coulda been any clearer
So I'm starting with the man in the
Chorus - Bruno Mars:
Mirror on the wall (MJ taught me that)
Here we are again
Through my rise and fall (uh)
You've been my only friend (take 'em to Mars, man)
You told me that they can
understand the man I am
So why are we
Talking to each other again?
Mirror on the wall
Here we are again (yeah)
Through my rise and fall
You've been my only friend (any questions)
You told me that they can (I come to you)
Understand the man I am (you always have the answer)
So why are we here
Talking to each other again?
Mirror on the wall (Hey BP, looks like I did take 'em to Mars this time)
I got a picture of my head of what you look like when your sleeping
The skin sinks into the insticts of a demon
Can't believe the words exsist what you're breathing
The evil eye eagle fly high into the evening
Every season has a reason
And every allegiance was inspired by some type of a treason
You can keep your secrets no body needs em
Convinced everything will be better after you leave em
Skip the proper impeachment not enough to call the bluff of the cotton thief top feeder
Got a fever caught him stealin from his own father
Thought that no fucker off with his mother (No don't bother!)
Got a better plot a lot more dignified
A little more historic, a lot less truth to hide
Do it right said a president be the first one to ride into a sunset successful suicide
Quiet Singing
Give a little of the damn about the interest of the man woman child, look at now with your crooked smile
Put into the perspective of a skeptic
Well versed and hitten hell first
All you wanted was honor call it in from the office
Unaware and lost of where the watchtower sits
Power fits in your wallet
Too much for the mountain big gun death count they got you all surronded now!
Fuck ya www six six six dot net
Fuck ya Fuck ya Fuck ya ??
Splash
Rape the body set fire no lost make the dolla holla (AHHHH!)
How much will your soul cost?
When you die are you gonna be surprised?
Will you see it coming?
Will it be your summon?
When you face the judgement of death, re-interpretation is all that's left
Now hold your breath and
Chorus: Close your eyes
Hide beyond your disquise
Wakening of your lies
This mirror doesnt't work no more
This mirror doesnt't trust your word
Laughing at what we've heard
Stagger and cut the nerve
This mirror doesnt't work no more
This mirror doesnt't do it's just
[Bonus track]
Hey you, take a look at me now
Have you ever seen the face of death
Have you noticed me somehow
Not more than rotton flesh and bones...
But there's more than molecules
That make you different from a stone
Mirror, mirror, mirror
Friendly smiles decay
Mirror, mirror, mirror
It's your final day
Hey you, your spirit is more
It turns you into a scientist, an inventor to explore
But look into the mirror of life
You made so many mistakes
Now you get back what you gave
Mirror, mirror, mirror
Friendly smiles decay
Mirror, mirror, mirror
It's your final day
Your face is cold tonight
Your glance is far out of sign
You lay your body for the final rest
Do you think it was good what you've done in the past
You've had your years on earth
Now go back to what you've been...
They could be fat or could be thin
They could be black, they could be white
Tell me who's knocking at the
Knocking shop door tonight
Not much a girl can do but open or close
Those things are above doors
Not much legs can do but open or close
Those things are above us whores
So imagine a mirror
Bigger than the room it was placed in
Imagine my wish for a future that cannot hold my wish
Imagine the want to hold a rod that cannot hold the fish
Imagine a rod that cannot hold the fish
They could be lonely or could be bust
They could be tack, they could be real
They do have feelings, but just right now I feel
A feminine receptacle, that's just what I am
Those things are above us whores
Just the best target practice, for a misguided man
Those things are above us whores
So imagine a mirror
Bigger than the room it was placed in
Imagine my wish for a future that cannot hold my wish
Imagine the want to hold a rod that cannot hold the fish
Imagine a rod that cannot hold the fish
Not much a girl can do but open or close
Not much legs can do but open or close
Those things are above us whores
Whores, whores, whores, whores
(Not much a girl can do but open or close)
(Not much legs can do but open or close)
Those things are above us whores
I ain't got no weed
My Parents hate me
These kids at school want to kick my ass
I just got fired from my job (Now I ain't got no fucking money, FUCK WAL-MART!),
My girlfriend dumped me for my best friend (Fucking backstabbing cunt!),
Man, fuck both of them
If I had a car, I would go over there right now, and bash their fucking heads in
Nobody wants to hang out with me cause I'm a Juggalo
I guess I embarass everybody and that's my fault
Well fuck all of you!
Fuck you, fuck you, and FUCK YOU!
I hate you mother fuckers!
Can't even stand to look at myself in the mirror anymore...
Oneuldo yuhkshi apeun gaseum ikkeulgo
Guhwool ape nae moseubeul baraboge dwejyo
Uhdduhn moseupdo sesang seulpeum da gajin pyojuhngggaji
Jiuhbomyuh saenggakhage dwejyo
Nuhneun jogeumdo jamshido jichijido anhanneunji
Nae modeun guhl nohchiji anhgo ddarahajyo
Guhwoolchuhruhm geu saramdo naega sarang junmankeumman
Ddaraomyuhn an dweneunji
Gaseuma nuhmu mianhae nuhdo sarangbadgo shipuh haneunde
Motnan nan apeumman jwusuh
Gaseuma nuhmu mianhae hangsang geudaewa gati hagopeunde
Ibyuhlman nawa hamggehago
Mearichuhruhm handu baljjak dwieman suhijjyo
Saranghandago suchuhn buhneul marhaedo
Ijuh dallan geu hanmadie ibyuhreul hajyo
Nappeudago jiwoondago geudael wuhnmangeul haebwado
Geuruhl ddaemyuhn nae gaseumeun duh honeul naejyo
Geuruhji mallago uhnjengan naege doraondamyuh
Uhrisogeun gidael hajyo
Gaseuma nuhmu mianhae nuhdo sarangbadgo shipuh haneunde
Motnan nan apeumman jwusuh
Gaseuma nuhmu mianhae hangsang geudaewa gati hagopeunde
Ibyuhlman nawa hamggehago
Mearichuhruhm handu baljjak dwieman suhijjyo
Guhwoore bichin nae moseup barabomyuh
Uhneusaenga nuhwa dalma ganeun naemoseup
Nuhwa dareunge hanado uhbsuh naenunen
Nuhana nae maeum nuhana bichwuh
Uhjjuhjyo ijen juhngmal kkeutijyo
Geutorok woolgo boolgo maedallyuhdo
Amuruhn gidae majuhdo ijeneun uhbjyo wooseulsu isseulguhra miduh
Gaseume nunmuri heulluh shigani heulluhgado sangchuhman duhalppunijyo
Gaseuma nuhmu mianhae
Nuhdo dareun sarangeul hage dwemyuhn apeumeul iggo sal tende
Gaseuma nuhmu mianhae
Sarangeun youngwoneul mal hagopeunde hyuhnshireun ibyuhreul marhajyo
[Intro]
[Verse 1: Tyga]
Look In The Mirror I See A Fucking Star
Got Your Mama Screaming For M... (I Just Show Off!)
Look In The Mirror I See A Fucking Star
Got Your Mama Screaming For Me Like I'm El DeBarge
Looking At My Skin All Green Scars
Bitch I Think I Think I Pop Gold hair and bow
Limbo Ross Sag Popping Purple Tags
Show My Face Some Cash I'm a Need A Mask
For The Love Of Money I'll Never Love Again
Waynes Start To Get It Bitch You Don't Understand
I'm Holding My Bars Then They'll Know I'm The Man
The Realer I Get (The Realer I Get) The Bigger The Chicken In My Hand
Medicine Man Sick Of These Roleplayers Stealing My Slang
Beast Mode K Perkings In The Motherfucken (muthafucken)
Find My Shank Just In Case In The Party If It About To Pop Off
See Your Stance (See Your Stance) Baby Take Your Top Off
Man You Eagers Man You eagers Fuck In Your Knock Offs
Keep My Girl (Keep My Girl) Newber Town We So Go Ya
Game Real Or Tomorrow
That's A Arter Faud I Mustve Bought One
They Told Me 60 Thou I Spent My Cash Around Town Like Taz
Last King Young CEO My Nigga Jaz
Bitches Weighing Duffle Bags
Zopituners Make You Fash
You Gonna Let it Drip A Little Then I'm Gonna Make It Spalsh
Box It In A Doggie Bag
I'll Be Home Later Ma'am
Man I'm A Fucking King Look What's On My Chest
[Hook: Tyga]
Uh Started To Smell Like Money In This Bitch
Guess You Know It's Young Money In This Bitch
Tyga Tyga Gudda Gudda Yea We In This Bitch
Tyga Tyga Gudda Gudda Yea He In This Bitch
[Verse 2: Gudda Gudda]
Uh Bitch I'm On Fire Young Rider
Let The Tool Off For My Nigga Tyga Tyga
Give 'Em Hell With The Written Spitting Hot Sauce Treat Your Head Like A Fake Person
Get Knocked Off Coupe I Take The Top Off
Woof, Bitch Top Dawg
Lay Her Face Sit In My Lap
Let Her Play The Sack Bitch Get Lockjaw
We On Top Like Toothpaste
Hair To The Back With Two Braids
Weezy Out In Two Days
Young Money Doomsday
We Bout To Act Up (Act Up)
Money I'm a Stack Up (Stack Up)
Crack My Savings Burn A Hundred Then I Crack Up
I'm Hitting Like A Mack Truck
Gun Me Nigga Bitch Need A Backup
Sticks On Deck Hit The Nigga In The Neck
And Nigga Don't Get Backed Up
Young Gudda times 2 That's The Name
Or Got A Pot Of Gold At The End Of The Rain-Bow
You Ain't Here To Ballin Nigga What The Fuck You Came For
Oh You Hit Your Main Hoe
I'm Leaving With That Same Hoe
[Hook/Outro: Tyga]
Uh Started To Smell Like Money In This Bitch
Guess You Know It's Young Money In This Bitch
Tyga Tyga Gudda Gudda Yea We In This Bitch
(Heaton/Rotheray)
They could be fat or could be thin
They could be black, they could be white
Tell me who's knocking at the knocking shop door tonight
Not much a girl can do but open or close
Those things are above doors
Not much legs can do but open or close
Those things are above us whores
So imagine a mirror
Bigger than the room it was placed in
Imagine my wish for a future that cannot hold my wish
Imagine the want to hold a rod that cannot hold the fish
Imagine a rod that cannot hold the fish
They could be lonely or could be bust
They could be tack, they could be real
They do have feelings, but just right now I feel
A feminine receptacle, that's just what I am
Those things are above us whores
Just the best target practice, for a misguided man
Those things are above us whores
So imagine a mirror
Bigger than the room it was placed in
Imagine my wish for a future that cannot hold my wish
Imagine the want to hold a rod that cannot hold the fish
Imagine a rod that cannot hold the fish
[Hook: Bobby V]
She want me, I want her
I'm looking in the mirror at all my girls like
Ooh oh, in the mirror like
Ooh oh, in the mirror like
She on me and I'm on her
Posin' in the mirror doin' things to her like
Ooh oh, in the mirror like
Ooh oh, in the mirror like
In the mirror, in the mirror like
In the mirror, in the mirror like
In the mirror, in the mirror like
In the mirror, in the mirror like
[Verse 1: Bobby V]
Ooh, she got a thing for the nasty
Yeah, she do anything you ask her
We all up in my crib, straight from the club
There's a mirror on the ceiling, right above my tub
Yeah, shawty downin' me
Lady in the streets, but a freak in the sheets
I like to look it up, that's when we do our thing
Do you see what I see?
Tied up, I'm 'bout to take you down
And yes I'm that man in the mirror
Reflection's so sexy
I guess I gotta make it clearer
And I know that
[Hook]
[Verse 2: Bobby V]
Yeah, put your hands on the glass
That thang a little big, turn around real fast
Sweatin' up in here, we steamin' up the room
I can't see your reflection, but I know what to do
Lean like this, swing you like that
Turn you 'round front, flip you on your back
Do you see what I see?
Do you see what I see?
Tied up, I'm 'bout to take you down
And yes I'm that man in the mirror
Reflection's so sexy
I guess I gotta make it clearer
And I know that
[Hook]
[Verse 3: Lil Wayne]
Yeah, like a mirror, I see you
Uh, mirror mirror on the wall
I'm lookin' for love, I'm lookin' for love
And if your mirror crack, I'm hooked on your drugs
Buzz buzz buzz, I'm a love bug, yeah
Purple rain she look like Apollonia
She smell like bath and body and begonias
And me I smell like California
Because I smoke marijuana whenever Mary wanna
I think her name's Stephanie, but call her Steph
Shawty so right I don't know what's left
Who your daddy? Then I hit it faster
The mirror said you are you conceited bastard
[Hook]
[Outro: Lil Wayne]
Like a mirror up in it, I could see me in it
Like a mirror up in it, I could see me in it
Like a mirror up in it, I could see me in it
May the words of my mouth please You, dear God
May the thoughts of my heart say to You
That all that I desire is to be with You forever
Lord, I pray, I pray that You
Take me, make me beautiful to You
Create me so I mirror You
Take me, make me an image of You
Lord, I want to mirror You
Let the words of my mouth please You, dear God
May the thoughts of my heart be as Yours
'Cause all that I desire is to be here with You forever
Lord, I pray, I pray that You
Take me, make me beautiful to You
Create me so I mirror You
Take me, make me an image of You
Lord, I want to mirror You
I do
Break me out of my complacency
Breathe Your breath of life into my soul, into my soul
May the words of my mouth please You
Take me, make me beautiful to You
Create me so I mirror You
Take me, make me an image of You
'Cause, Lord, I want to mirror You
Take me and make me an image of You
Lord, I want to mirror You
Mirror You, mirror You
Mirror You, mirror You
I long to mirror You
I long to mirror You
I long to mirror You
Mirror, mirror
Oh, oh
Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah
From the second I laid eyes on you
In the mirror, in that dressing room
Seeing you with me, I finally knew
The picture was complete
I used to have my share of lonely days
Beneath the makeup and the darkest shades
But ever since you came I know
The meaning of true love again
It's not the bags or the trips or the clothes
It's not the fans or the sold-out shows
It's the way that you see through my soul
I'm so exposed
When I look at myself in the mirror
I don't have to feel ashamed
Now it couldn't be much clearer
I'll never have to search again
When I look at myself in the mirror
I don't even recognize the girl [Incomprehensible]
'Cause now I sit by my side
When I look at myself in the mirror
No, nothing's ever gonna be the same
Forget the fortune, you can keep the fame
Maybe if I had to choose, you know
I'd trade it every time for you
'Cause this reflection that I'm staring at
Is so amazing I can't turn my back
And every time I look at you and me together
Boy, I know the truth, oh
It's not the bags or the trips or the clothes
It's not the fans or the sold-out shows
It's the way that you see through my soul
I'm so exposed
When I look at myself in the mirror
I don't have to feel ashamed
Now it couldn't be much clearer
I'll never have to search again
When I look at myself in the mirror
I don't even recognize the girl [Incomprehensible]
'Cause now I sit by my side
When I look at myself in the mirror
I can't help it
I can't help it
I can't help it
I can't help it
Now she's running from love, that's all I'm guilty of
And I don't have to search no more
Found what I'm looking for in the mirror, in the mirror
When I look at myself in the mirror
I don't have to feel ashamed
Now it couldn't be much clearer
I'll never have to search again
When I look at myself in the mirror
I don't even recognize the girl [Incomprehensible]
'Cause now I sit by my side
When I look at myself
Baby, I see you, baby, I see me
Hope that we could be forever
In the mirror, in the mirror
Baby, I see you, baby, I see me
Hope that we could be forever
I must be honest with you babe (just gotta be honest babe)
I love to watch the faces that you make (when we make love ooo wee)
But when I'm behind you holding your hips and you close your eyes and bite your lips
I can't see you so might I suggest a change
Now mama please don't think me strange for what I'm about to say
(please don't think me strange)
If you know anything bout me by now
you know I'm a freak just follow my lead
Baby I love making love in front of the mirror (in front of the mirror)
So that I can watch you enjoying me (baby tonight)
Baby tonight let's try in front of the mirror (in front of the mirror)
Watching ourselves make love
Girl why don't we
Little mama keep your chin up, please watch me do the...nasty
I like it when you make it move fast
Mami if I pull your head back
Cause I want you to see that we look so good together
I understand that your not ready for me to make my directorial debut
featuring me but starring you
Baby that's okay with me
Honestly this is the next best thing
Baby I love making love in front of the mirror (in front of the mirror)
So that I can watch you enjoying me (baby tonight)
Baby tonight let's try in front of the mirror (in front of the mirror)
Watching ourselves make love girl why don't we
I see you can you see me watching you loving it
Baby I love making love in front of the mirror (in front of the mirror)
So that I can watch you enjoying me (baby tonight)
Baby tonight let's try in front of the mirror (in front of the mirror)
Watching ourselves make love
girl why don't we
(Denner)
Solo: S
The girl in the mirror, she's not really there
Only I can see her, in all her misery
Chorus:
The girl in the mirror, she's caught in a spell
The girl in the mirror, between Heaven and Hell
Can't you feel it, those haunting eyes
She's so devine, could be magic of a kind
Chorus
Solo: D
Take a look in the mirror
Deep inside there's a world of its own
Take a look in the mirror
See what you might find
Try to reach my hand
Try to reach through the glass... Try... Try...
'Cause the longest journey is the one on your own
If we break the mirror, do you think they'll let you go
Chorus
Never be
(Never, never)
Ain't it plain to see
Tell me honestly
Don't my eyes
Speak up for me
(Never, never)
You're always true to me
How can I make it real
Why can't you see
The way I feel
Ain't it plain to see
Tell me honestly
Don't my eyes
Speak up for me
(Never, never)
You're always true to me
How can I make it real
Why can't you see
Don't tell me how strong you are
When emotions for you,
Just is a feeling,
You can describe in two words
Don't look at me with closed eyes
As closed like a black hole
The black hole in you
Is the black hole in me
Look in the mirror,
And feel what you see
Don't close your eyes
And you wanna be free
Inside yourself
There's a way we can hide
In an inhibited society
You always collide
Don't tell me how strong you are
As strong like a child,
A child with no dreams
Don't dream a dream
When you hope to wake up in time
In time you will learn
Look in the mirror,
And feel what you see
Don't close your eyes
And you wanna be free
Inside yourself
There's a way we can hide
In an inhibited society
(Denner)
Solo: S
The girl in the mirror, she's not really there
Only I can see her, in all her misery
Chorus:
The girl in the mirror, she's caught in a spell
The girl in the mirror, between Heaven and Hell
Can't you feel it, those haunting eyes
She's so devine, could be magic of a kind
Chorus
Solo: D
Take a look in the mirror
Deep inside there's a world of its own
Take a look in the mirror
See what you might find
Try to reach my hand
Try to reach through the glass... Try... Try...
'Cause the longest journey is the one on your own
If we break the mirror, do you think they'll let you go
Chorus
my obsession for a resurrection has opened my sorrow-filled heart
but my solution let me crawl deeper and I'll be walking alone in the dark
It's not an ordinary salvation I rejoice my life in the dark
but when the sky comes down my heart could feel colder
Mirror, mirror on the wall, have I got it?
'Cause mirror you've always told me, who I am?
I?m finding it?s not easy to be perfect
So sorry, you won?t define me
Sorry, you don?t own me
Who are you to tell me
That I?m less than what I should be?
Who are you? Who are you?
Yeah, yeah
I don?t need to listen to the list of things I should do
I won?t try, no I won?t try
Mirror I am seeing a new reflection
I?m looking into the eyes
Of He who made me and to Him
I have beauty beyond compare
I know He defines me
Yeah, yeah
Who are you to tell me
That I?m less than what I should be?
Who are you? Who are you?
Yeah, yeah
I don?t need to listen to the list of things I should do
I won?t try, no I won?t try
You don't define me
(No you don't define me)
You don't define me
(No you don't define me)
You don't define me
(No you don't define me)
You don't define me
Who are you to tell me
That I?m less than what I should be?
Who are you? Who are you?
Yeah, yeah
I don?t need to listen to the list of things I should do
I won?t try, no I won?t try, yeah yeah
Who are you to tell me
That I?m less than what I should be?
Who are you? Who are you?
Yeah, yeah
I don?t need to listen to the list of things I should do
Time after time
You close that door
And say to me:
Can't stand no more
But every time
When I'm away
You call to me:
Please come and stay!
You know it's hard to carry on
If you don't love me anymore
You say you need to lean on me
But can I too, lean on you
Want it all
To be young and free
Have family
But can't you see
You can't decide
What's right or wrong
Don't think no more
It's time to go
You know it's hard to carry on
If you don't love me anymore
You say you need to lean on me
But can I too, lean on
You talk me 'bout
Your self esteem
How you think
I've flushed it down the drain
You know the mirror
Hanging at your wall
Take a good look in it
And you'll find the real cause
You know it's hard to carry on
If you don't love me anymore
You say you need to lean on me
But can I too, lean on
You say it's hard to carry on
If you don't love me anymore
You say you need to lean on me
As passing by a cat with green eyes
I realized
How miserable I had been
And how comfortable I had been like
Those eyes looked jealous and scared at
The world out there
I didn't know lords of things
I have known too many things now
Wish you were my mirror
Share the grief
Spare the smile for each other
No need to speak
To be understood
I am who I am
Can you be yourself?
Or is it easier to lie?
I am who I am
Can you be yourself
Right next to me
As shaken by the train
I asked myself
How far away we could go
And how many times we have tried in vain
When I try to grab you
Everytime, you jump the rails
It feels like faith is vanity
I don't wanna lose my sanity
I wish I were your mirror
Giving a kiss is getting a kiss
Against each other
No need to fight to be accepted
I am who I am
Can you be yourself?
Or is it easier to lie?
I am who I am
Can you be yourself
That's all I care
I am who I am
Can you be yourself?
Or is it easier to lie?
I am who I am
Can you be yourself
Right next to me
Look into the mirror
Move the way you want to
I just want to be in the same frame
Look into the mirror
Move the way you want to
I just want to be in the same frame
I am who I am
Can you be yourself?
Or is it easier to lie?
I am who I am
Can you be yourself
That's all I care
I am who I am
Can you be yourself?
Or is it easier to lie?
I am who I am
Can you be yourself
Mirror, Mirror on the wall, Have I got it?
'Cause Mirror you've always told me who I am
I'm finding it's not easy to be perfect
So sorry you won't define me
Sorry you don't own me
Who are you to tell me
That I'm less than what I should be?
Who are you? ohh, Who are you?
I don't need to listen
To the list of things I should do
I won't try,No,I won't try
Mirror I am seeing a new reflection
I'm looking into the eyes of He who made me
And to Him I have beauty beyond compare
I know He defines me
You don't define me, you don't define me
Pera menora
Ifano mia
Misere mani
Doven adore
Ifano nia
Misere maneo
Doven adore
Ifano tia
Misera omane
Pera menora
Ifano mia
Misere mani
Doven adore
Ifano nia
Misere maneo
Doven adore
Ifano tia
Misera omane
Mirror
Mirror, mirror, where is the beauty in the world?
Mirror, mirror, do I see me or just a shade?
Mirror, mirror, will you please answer me?
Mirror, mirror, where is the beauty in the world?
The birds in the open sky
So free out there
Outside the window
My prince on a black horse, coming to save me
A daydream so real
Mirror, mirror, another painting than yesterday
Mirror, mirror, why did the colours fade away?
The birds in the open sky
So free out there
Outside the window
My prince on a black horse, coming to save me
A daydream so real
I'm scared to look in the mirror
Cause my eyes are dead on a pale face
That can't be me!!
Please don't let that be what have become of me
Mirror, mirror, walls coming close and closer
Mirror, mirror, cannot breathe, cannot see
Mirror, mirror, cannot breathe, cannot see
My prince on a black horse, coming to save me
A daydream so real
In the silence my heart beat fills the room
Makes the sadness speak..!
Why are you crying brother? Where are the nails that will
be hammered in? Are you lying brother? You carry the
hammer, you will forgive your sins.
But you have done everything to make you weak, to let him
grow, the one who waits for you. Let him tell you what is
gone, what is lost, and what will never come again.
Now look into the mirror, and then tell me what you see:
"An old man suffering, his time has come, oh lord this
man here is me..."
You have waited for the night to bring the day down, to
let the light be killed by dark doom?s hands. Now it?s
your turn, tell them who you are, who you?ve been and now
you are again...
You looked into the mirror, and you told me what you saw:
"An old man suffering, his time has come, oh lord this
You're in love with the man in the mirror
You're gonna make him walk another mile
You're in love with the man in the mirror
You've got a way to make a widow smile
You're so vain that you ain't gonna tell her
You've got the stuff but you ain't got the style
A substitute for a cute little fella
You've got your fingers crossed now hold 'm tight
You talk about it
You laugh about it
You cut the grid
You're still a kid
You analyze it but you lost it
You're in love with the man in the mirror
You've got the features and you've got the wild
You're in love with the man in the mirror
You've got your temples all across the nile
You think that you're the greatest kind
But you don't know a thing 'bout what's been moving your mind
A twisted key to a better life
Though you've never met the man in the mirror at all
You've been taking the vice out of Miami
You're automatic without cruise control
49th in the row for a Grammy
You've got the limo you ain't got the role
Your mirror
Your mentor
Your hero
Contender no manner demeanor
You think that you're the greatest kind
But you don't know a thing 'bout what's been moving your mind
You think that you'll get legalized
But you'll end up as smoke without ever starting a fire
Too christian to be crucified
When you tell your friends to respect the reflection of light
A twisted key to a better life
Though you've never met the man in the mirror at all
You're out alone again
Die Liebe soll ganz einfach sein
Du der Engel ich das Schwein
Schwimmt die schwalbe auf dem rhein?
Sag mir siegesicher nein
Schau auf den Spiegel an der Wand
Du die schönste in meinem Land
Nun ihr Schiff ist übermannt
In between the truth
And what I see or what I feel or what I've become
Is still an aching need
And I'm hardly even alive
I'm feeling like a murderous vine
You are my mirror
And I'm on my knees pleading
You are my mirror
Oh, don't stop loving me
I can see the changes within me
What I feel or what I need or what I've become
I still feel I'm your slave and I hardly ever lie
I need you like my faith in the divine
You are my mirror
And I'm on my knees bleeding
You are my mirror
Oh, don't stop loving me
You are my mirror
And I'm on my knees pleading
You are my mirror
And you want a hero
Look me in my eyes mirror
Cuz I've seen that look before
Tell me what's inside mirror
Cuz we both agreed no more
We were so close to getting over him
Now you're telling me we're going back
Again - in
How could you
Betray me
And take My heart back through that door
Oh mirror
Please tell me
We both deserve so much more
How could you
Oh Mirror
What Pleases you is hurting me
Tell me mirror
How could it be
Oooh
Look into my eyes mirror
Can't believe the things he said
See through his disguise
Mirror
Come with me, Lets run away
We were so close to getting over him
Now you're telling me We're going back again
How could you
Betray me
And take My heart back through that door
Oh mirror
Please tell me
We both deserve so much more
How could you
Oh Mirror
What Pleases you Keeps hurting me
Tell me mirror
There's no way new love can find us
If we keep looking behind us
No More Heartache
That aint the way loves supposed to be
There's no way new love can find us
If we keep looking behind us
So this time mirror
Listen to me
How could you
Betray me
And take My heart back through that door
Oh mirror
Please tell me
We both deserve so much more
How could you
Oh Mirror
What Pleases you Keeps hurting me
Tell me mirror
Oh ooo ohh
How could you
Oh Mirror
What pleases you keeps hurting me
Standing in the rain, How you are changes,
Who you are does not.
Staring at a mirror, left to right changes,
Left and right do not.
You're like a mirror to me. Â You show me who I really am.
Even if I am deranged you, show me.
Look at you look at me looking at you wondering.
A mirror shows who you are, even if who you are,
Is standing in the dark.
When I try to be like Jesus, what I'm doing changes,
every day is a clean break
a kick in the face.
Resembles these people withered and gray
and I cant wait for this summer to end.
I will kill things before they grow today.
Spend a night with the gentle sodomites
and I feed on their laughs and their fist-free fights
they say:
“If God did´nt mean to make a fruit of me,
he would never have created the apple tree.”
-chorus-
I dont debate the wrongs and rights
with the man in the mirror
Jesus Christ
there is no forgiveness, no clean slates
I can see it in his eyes when I masturbate.
Now they´re selling revolution at the fancy stores
and though you tell me that you hate it you will by it for sure.
One way to forget the mess you made and a certain ticket if you
really want to get laid.
Those liars will cry at your funeral
and thats a reason to have for jumping at all.
When time feel like wax in your beating heart
and your parents admit it was all their fault.
-chorus-
I dont debate the wrongs and rights
with the man in the mirror
Jesus Christ
If it´s a sin to curse every single morning
mirror, mirror on the wall
you are staring back through me
I know my reflection
but this is not why I see
hollow face, tired eyes
the mirror doesnt lie
it knows my affection
deep down inside of me
mirror, mirror on the wall
I am staring back through you
I look into your eyes
I cant recognice myself, now
...my lonely self... pushed away... once too often...
gazing at the face that lies
merely blood cant fill that mask in the mirror
staring at a head with no eyes
who am I
have I ever seen you before
name me, find me
mirror, mirror on the wall.
you are staring back through me
I know my reflection
but this is not why I see
this empty shell before me now
can barely keep myself
from erasing and deleting you
but the memory will remain
who am I
have I ever seen you before
name me, find me
...my lonely self... pushed away... once too often...
gazing at the face that lies
merely blood cant fill that mask in the mirror
staring at a head with no eyes
who am I
have I ever seen you before
See the clown on the wall
The one with the love in her eyes
My guilt and my joy
a tool and a little toy
not a word, only friendly eyes
meant for love, help and advice
Even though I'm out of the game
You're there just the same
How come that you'll understand
when I'm confused and out of hand
Oh, I'll never say goodbye
to a friend like you
Submitted by Michael Hack
This is where we came in
So we're going back again
Slack-jawed
Good?
Barring our anatomy
It was just a fracture?
Time is cyclical
Touch of? both our wings
Butterfly fluttering
What was once separate
Can be joined again
Near a bend
Memory caving in
What was once opaque
Is now mercury
Thick fog
Your face filling my heady dreams
Show your face
Reveal yourself
Reveal yourself
No more games
Reveal yourself
Reveal yourself
Show your face
Reveal yourself
Reveal yourself
Show your face
This is where we came in
So we're going back again
Near a bend
Memory caving in
Reveal yourself
Show your face
Reveal yourself
Reveal yourself
No more games
Reveal yourself
Reveal yourself
Show your face
Reveal yourself
Reveal yourself
We could be from the same mother
you know maybe we are brothers
i don't think that he said anything although it was
obviously said
and strongly and wise
god the strength you have
you know i always watch you anticipate you
we're the same when it gets down to it
though i'm not sure what it is
we're the same when it gets down to it
respect is more than envy
respect is more than jealousy
its respect
i respect you
the mirror
strength you have
strength you have
strength comes with knowledge
i don't think that he said anything although it was
obviously said
and strongly
and wisely
we could be from the same mother
we are brothers
we are brothers
(it's all in the mind??? not sure about this one)
what do you want me
to do
i wish i could feel the cut of the glass
salt in my veins
just like you
we're called brothers and were more than that
we're enemies
and i hate you
we're enemies
and i hate you
we're one and the same and i hate you
because we're
I'm looking for a mirror
To face my eyes
And realize
The beauty of youth
Is the only thing worth having
I'm jealous of everything
Whose beauty does not die
Oh I'm jealous
Of the picture the mirror
Has painted
I beg for more
More than I can get
But I know I can't get by
With only a glance of my eye
[Verse]
You Must Be Honest With Me Babe (Just Gotta Be Honest)
You Love To Watch The Faces That I Make (When We Make Love Oh Boy)
But When You're Behind Me Holding My Hips And I Close My Eyes And Bite My Lips
You Can't See Me So You Suggest A Change
Now Baby I Won't Think Your Strange For What You're About To Say To Me
(I Won't Think You're Strange)
If I Know Anything Bout You By Now
I Know You're A Freak Just Follow Your Lead
[Chorus:]
Baby You Love Making Love In Front Of The Mirror (In Front Of The Mirror)
So That You Can Watch Me Enjoying You (Baby Tonite)
Baby Tonite Let's Try In Front Of The Mirror (In Front Of The Mirror)
Watching Ourselves Make Love
Boy Why Don't We
[Verse 2:]
And You Gonna Keep My Chin To Watch You Do The...Nasty
You Like It When I Make It Move Fast
Daddy When You Pull My Head Back, It's
Cuz I Want You To See That We Look So Good Together
You Understand That I'm Not Ready For You And Your Directory
Debut Featuring You Starring Me Baby
You Say Thats Okay With Me
Honestly This Is The Next Best Thing
[Chorus:]
Baby You Love Making Love In Front Of The Mirror (In Front Of The Mirror)
So That You Can Watch Me Enjoying You (Watch Me Enjoying You)
Baby Tonite Let's Try In Front Of The Mirror (In Front Of The Mirror)
Watching Ourselves Make Love
Boy Why Don't We
You See Me I Can See You Watching Me Loving It [x8]
[Chorus:]
Baby You Love Making Love In Front Of The Mirror (Said In Front Of The Mirror)
So That You Can Watch Me Enjoying You (Watch Me Enjoying You)
Baby Tonite Let's Try In Front Of The Mirror
Watching Ourselves Make Love
Boy Why Don't We
[Fading:]
- Nostalgia (feat. Dave Gahan)
- Nowhere (feat. Frances Lawson)
- City Lights (feat. Thomas Anselmi, Laure-Elaine, Joe Dallesandro)
- World of Darkness (feat. Ronan Boyle and Frances Lawson)
- Twentieth Century
- From No One With Love (feat. Laure-Elaine)
- Fat Girl (feat. Thomas Anselmi)
- Mirror Song (feat. Frances Lawson)
- The Cold Is on Its Way (feat. Thomas Anselmi)
- Pass the town, and to the C
- o&l;
- rain falls
- i go
- in radiobroadcast junction
- respiration tone
- in(s)tro
- sidewalk to the next
- savanna
- mori
- Waterfall
- Naked
- Running Out of Time
- Right Time
- Love and Suffering
- Fading Away
- Valley (of the Sublime)
- Crowded Room
A mirror is an object that reflects light or sound in a way that preserves much of its original quality prior to its contact with the mirror. Some mirrors also filter out some wavelengths, while preserving other wavelengths in the reflection. This is different from other light-reflecting objects that do not preserve much of the original wave signal other than color and diffuse reflected light. The most familiar type of mirror is the plane mirror, which has a flat surface. Curved mirrors are also used, to produce magnified or diminished images or focus light or simply distort the reflected image.
Mirrors are commonly used for personal grooming or admiring oneself (in which case the archaic term looking-glass is sometimes still used), decoration, and architecture. Mirrors are also used in scientific apparatus such as telescopes and lasers, cameras, and industrial machinery. Most mirrors are designed for visible light; however, mirrors designed for other types of waves or other wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation are also used, especially in non-optical instruments.
History[link]
The first mirrors used by people were most likely pools of dark, still water, or water collected in a primitive vessel of some sort. The earliest manufactured mirrors were pieces of polished stone such as obsidian, a naturally occurring volcanic glass. Examples of obsidian mirrors found in Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) have been dated to around 6000 BC. Polished stone mirrors from Central and South America date from around 2000 BC onwards.[1] Mirrors of polished copper were crafted in Mesopotamia from 4000 BC,[1] and in ancient Egypt from around 3000 BC.[2] In China, bronze mirrors were manufactured from around 2000 BC,[3] some of the earliest bronze and copper examples being produced by the Qijia culture. Mirrors made of other metal mixtures (alloys) such as copper and tin speculum metal may have also been produced in China and India.[4] Mirrors of speculum metal or any precious metal were hard to produce and were only owned by the wealthy.[5]
Metal-coated glass mirrors are said to have been invented in Sidon (modern-day Lebanon) in the first century AD,[6] and glass mirrors backed with gold leaf are mentioned by the Roman author Pliny in his Natural History, written in about 77 AD.[7] The Romans also developed a technique for creating crude mirrors by coating blown glass with molten lead.[8]
Parabolic mirrors were described and studied in classical antiquity by the mathematician Diocles in his work On Burning Mirrors.[9] Ptolemy conducted a number of experiments with curved polished iron mirrors,[10] and discussed plane, convex spherical, and concave spherical mirrors in his Optics.[11] Parabolic mirrors were also described by the physicist Ibn Sahl in the 10th century,[12] and Ibn al-Haytham discussed concave and convex mirrors in both cylindrical and spherical geometries,[13] carried out a number of experiments with mirrors, and solved the problem of finding the point on a convex mirror at which a ray coming from one point is reflected to another point.[14] By the 11th century, clear glass mirrors were being produced in Moorish Spain.[15][verification needed]
In China, people began making mirrors with the use of silver-mercury amalgams as early as 500 AD.[16] Some time during the early Renaissance, European manufacturers perfected a superior method of coating glass with a tin-mercury amalgam. The exact date and location of the discovery is unknown, but in the 16th century, Venice, a city famed for its glass-making expertise, became a centre of mirror production using this new technique. Glass mirrors from this period were extremely expensive luxuries.[17] The Saint-Gobain factory, founded by royal initiative in France, was an important manufacturer, and Bohemian and German glass, often rather cheaper, was also important.
The invention of the silvered-glass mirror is credited to German chemist Justus von Liebig in 1835.[18] His process involved the deposition of a thin layer of metallic silver onto glass through the chemical reduction of silver nitrate. This silvering process was adapted for mass manufacturing and led to the greater availability of affordable mirrors. Nowadays, mirrors are often produced by the vacuum deposition of aluminium (or sometimes silver) directly onto the glass substrate.
Manufacturing[link]
Mirrors are manufactured by applying a reflective coating to a suitable substrate. The most common substrate is glass, due to its transparency, ease of fabrication, rigidity, hardness, and ability to take a smooth finish. The reflective coating is typically applied to the back surface of the glass, so that the reflecting side of the coating is protected from corrosion and accidental damage by the glass on one side and the coating itself and optional paint for further protection on the other.
In classical antiquity, mirrors were made of solid metal (bronze, later silver) and were too expensive for widespread use by common people; they were also prone to corrosion. Due to the low reflectivity of polished metal, these mirrors also gave a darker image than modern ones, making them unsuitable for indoor use with the artificial lighting of the time (candles or lanterns).[citation needed]
The method of making mirrors out of plate glass was invented by 16th-century Venetian glassmakers on the island of Murano, who covered the back of the glass with mercury, obtaining near-perfect and undistorted reflection. For over one hundred years, Venetian mirrors installed in richly decorated frames served as luxury decorations for palaces throughout Europe, but the secret of the mercury process eventually arrived in London and Paris during the 17th century, due to industrial espionage. French workshops succeeded in large scale industrialization of the process, eventually making mirrors affordable to the masses, although mercury's toxicity remained a problem[citation needed].
In modern times, the mirror substrate is shaped, polished and cleaned, and is then coated. Glass mirrors are most often coated with non-toxic silver[19] or aluminium, implemented by a series of coatings:[citation needed]
- Tin(II) chloride
- Silver
- Chemical activator[disambiguation needed
] - Copper
- Paint
The tin(II) chloride is applied because silver will not bond with the glass. The activator causes the tin/silver to harden. Copper is added for long-term durability.[20] The paint protects the coating on the back of the mirror from scratches and other accidental damage.[citation needed]
In some applications, generally those that are cost-sensitive or that require great durability, mirrors are made from a single, bulk material such as polished metal.[citation needed] For technical applications such as laser mirrors, the reflective coating is typically applied by vacuum deposition on the front surface of the substrate. This eliminates double reflections (a weak reflection from the surface of the glass, and a stronger one from the reflecting metal) and reduces absorption of light by the mirror. Technical mirrors may use a silver, aluminium, or gold coating (the latter typically for infrared mirrors), and achieve reflectivities of 90–95% when new. A protective transparent overcoat may be applied to prevent oxidation of the reflective layer. Applications requiring higher reflectivity or greater durability, where wide bandwidth is not essential, use dielectric coatings, which can achieve reflectivities as high as 99.999% over a narrow range of wavelengths.[citation needed]
Types of glass mirror[link]
There are many types of glass mirrors, each representing a different manufacturing process and reflection type.
An aluminium glass mirror is made of a float glass manufactured using vacuum coating, i.e. aluminium powder is evaporated (or "sputtered") onto the exposed surface of the glass in a vacuum chamber and then coated with two or more layers of waterproof protective paint.
A low aluminium glass mirror is manufactured by coating silver and two layers of protective paint on the back surface of glass. A low aluminium glass mirror is very clear, light transmissive, smooth, and reflects accurate natural colors. This type of glass is widely used for framing presentations and exhibitions in which a precise color representation of the artwork is truly essential or when the background color of the frame is predominantly white.[citation needed]
A safety glass mirror is made by sticking a special protective film on the back surface of a silver glass mirror, which prevents injuries in case the mirror is broken. This kind of mirror is used for furniture, doors, glass walls, commercial shelves, or public areas.[citation needed]
A silkscreen printed glass mirror is produced using inorganic color ink that prints patterns through a special screen onto glass. Various colors, patterns, and glass shapes are available. Such a glass mirror is durable and more moisture resistant than ordinary printed glass and can serve for over 20 years. This type of glass is widely used for decorative purposes (e.g., on mirrors, table tops, doors, windows, kitchen chop boards, etc.).[citation needed]
A silver glass mirror is an ordinary mirror, coated on its back surface with silver, which produces images by reflection. This kind of glass mirror is produced by coating a silver, copper film and two or more layers of waterproof paint on the back surface of float glass, which perfectly resists acid and moisture. A silver glass mirror provides clear and actual images, is quite durable, and is widely used for furniture, bathroom and other decorative purposes.[citation needed]
Decorative glass mirrors are usually handcrafted. A variety of shades, shapes and glass thickness are often available.[citation needed]
Effects[link]
Shape of a mirror's surface[link]
A beam of light reflects off a mirror at an angle of reflection equal to its angle of incidence (if the size of a mirror is much larger than the wavelength of light). That is, if the beam of light is shining on a mirror's surface at a Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \theta ° angle vertically, then it reflects from the point of incidence at a Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \theta ° angle from vertically in the opposite direction. This law mathematically follows from the interference of a plane wave on a flat boundary (of much larger size than the wavelength).
- In a plane mirror, a parallel beam of light changes its direction as a whole, while still remaining parallel; the images formed by a plane mirror are virtual images, of the same size as the original object (see mirror image).
- In a concave mirror, parallel beams of light become a convergent beam, whose rays intersect in the focus of the mirror. Also known as converging mirror
- In a convex mirror, parallel beams become divergent, with the rays appearing to diverge from a common point of intersection "behind" the mirror.
- Spherical concave and convex mirrors do not focus parallel rays to a single point due to spherical aberration. However, the ideal of focusing to a point is a commonly-used approximation. Parabolic reflectors resolve this, allowing incoming parallel rays (for example, light from a distant star) to be focused to a small spot; almost an ideal point. Parabolic reflectors are not suitable for imaging nearby objects because the light rays are not parallel.
Mirror image[link]
If one looks in a mirror, one's image reverses (e.g., if one raises one's right hand, his left hand will appear to go up in the mirror). However, a mirror does not "swap" left and right, any more than it swaps top and bottom. A mirror reverses the forward/backward axis, and we define left and right relative to front and back. Flipping front/back and left/right is equivalent to a rotation of 180 degrees about the vertical axis (in the same way that text which is back-to-front and upside-down simply looks like it has been rotated 180 degrees on the page). Therefore, looking at an image of oneself with the front/back axis flipped is the same as looking at an image with the left/right axis flipped and the whole figure rotated 180 degrees about the vertical axis, which is exactly what one sees when standing in front of a mirror.
Applications[link]
Safety and easier viewing[link]
- Convex mirrors
- Convex mirrors provide a wider field of view than flat mirrors, and are often used on vehicles, especially large trucks, to minimize blind spots. They are sometimes placed at road junctions, and corners of sites such as parking lots to allow people to see around corners to avoid crashing into other vehicles or shopping carts. They are also sometimes used as part of security systems, so that a single video camera can show more than one angle at a time.[citation needed]
- Mouth mirrors or "dental mirrors"
- Mouth mirrors or "dental mirrors" are used by dentists to allow indirect vision and lighting within the mouth. Their reflective surfaces may be either flat or curved. Mouth mirrors are also commonly used by mechanics to allow vision in tight spaces and around corners in equipment.
- Rear-view mirrors
- Rear-view mirrors are widely used in and on vehicles (such as automobiles, or bicycles), to allow drivers to see other vehicles coming up behind them. Some motorcycle helmets have a built-in so-called MROS (Multiple Reflective Optic System): a set of reflective surfaces inside the helmet that together function as a rear-view mirror.[21] On rear-view sunglasses, the left end of the left glass and the right end of the right glass work as mirrors.
Two-way versus one-way mirrors and windows[link]
- Two-way mirrors
- A two-way mirror is a sheet of glass coated with a layer of metal only a few dozen atoms thick, which reflects some percentage of the light incident on it and transmits the remainder to the other side.
- One-way mirrors
- One-way mirrors work by overwhelming dim transmitted light with bright reflected light. A true one-way mirror that actually allows light to be transmitted in one direction only without requiring external energy is not possible as it violates the second law of thermodynamics: if one placed a cold object on the transmitting side and a hot one on the blocked side, radiant energy would be transferred from the cold to the hot object.
- One-way windows
- One-way windows can be made to work with polarized light in the laboratory without violating the second law. This is an apparent paradox that stumped some great physicists, although it does not allow a practical one-way mirror for use in the real world.[22][23] Optical isolators are one-way devices that are commonly used with lasers.
Signalling[link]
With the sun as light source, a mirror can be used to signal by variations in the orientation of the mirror. The signal can be used over long distances, possibly up to 60 kilometres on a clear day. This technique was used by Native American tribes and numerous militaries to transmit information between distant outposts.
Mirrors can also be used for rescue to attract the attention of search and rescue helicopters. Specialized signalling mirrors are available and are often included in military survival kits.
Technology[link]
Televisions and projectors[link]
Microscopic mirrors are a core element of many of the largest high-definition televisions and video projectors. A common technology of this type is Texas Instruments' DLP. A DLP chip is a postage stamp-sized microchip whose surface is an array of millions of microscopic mirrors. The picture is created as the individual mirrors move to either reflect light toward the projection surface (pixel on), or toward a light absorbing surface (pixel off).
Other projection technologies involving mirrors include LCoS. Like a DLP chip, LCoS is a microchip of similar size, but rather than millions of individual mirrors, there is a single mirror that is actively shielded by a liquid crystal matrix with up to millions of pixels. The picture is formed as light is either reflected toward the projection surface (pixel on), or absorbed by the activated LCD pixels (pixel off). LCoS-based televisions and projectors often use 3 chips, one for each primary color.
Large mirrors are used in rear projection televisions. Light (for example from a DLP as mentioned above) is "folded" by one or more mirrors so that the television set is compact.
Instruments[link]
Telescopes and other precision instruments use front silvered or first surface mirrors, where the reflecting surface is placed on the front (or first) surface of the glass (this eliminates reflection from glass surface ordinary back mirrors have). Some of them use silver, but most are aluminium, which is more reflective at short wavelengths than silver. All of these coatings are easily damaged and require special handling. They reflect 90% to 95% of the incident light when new. The coatings are typically applied by vacuum deposition. A protective overcoat is usually applied before the mirror is removed from the vacuum, because the coating otherwise begins to corrode as soon as it is exposed to oxygen and humidity in the air. Front silvered mirrors have to be resurfaced occasionally to keep their quality. There are optical mirrors such as mangin mirrors that are second surface mirrors (reflective coating on the rear surface) as part of their optical designs, usually to correct optical aberrations.[24]
The reflectivity of the mirror coating can be measured using a reflectometer and for a particular metal it will be different for different wavelengths of light. This is exploited in some optical work to make cold mirrors and hot mirrors. A cold mirror is made by using a transparent substrate and choosing a coating material that is more reflective to visible light and more transmissive to infrared light. A hot mirror is the opposite, the coating preferentially reflects infrared. Mirror surfaces are sometimes given thin film overcoatings both to retard degradation of the surface and to increase their reflectivity in parts of the spectrum where they will be used. For instance, aluminum mirrors are commonly coated with silicon dioxide or magnesium fluoride. The reflectivity as a function of wavelength depends on both the thickness of the coating and on how it is applied.
For scientific optical work, dielectric mirrors are often used. These are glass (or sometimes other material) substrates on which one or more layers of dielectric material are deposited, to form an optical coating. By careful choice of the type and thickness of the dielectric layers, the range of wavelengths and amount of light reflected from the mirror can be specified. The best mirrors of this type can reflect >99.999% of the light (in a narrow range of wavelengths) which is incident on the mirror. Such mirrors are often used in lasers.
In astronomy, adaptive optics is a technique to measure variable image distortions and adapt a deformable mirror accordingly on a timescale of milliseconds, to compensate for the distortions.
Although most mirrors are designed to reflect visible light, surfaces reflecting other forms of electromagnetic radiation are also called "mirrors". The mirrors for other ranges of electromagnetic waves are used in optics and astronomy. Mirrors for radio waves (sometimes known as reflectors) are important elements of radio telescopes.
Face-to-face mirrors[link]
Two or more mirrors placed exactly face to face can give an infinite regress of reflections. Some devices use this to generate multiple reflections:
- Fabry–Pérot interferometer
- Laser (which contains an optical cavity)
- 3D Kaleidoscope to concentrate light[25]
- momentum-enhanced solar sail
Military applications[link]
It has been said that Archimedes used a large array of mirrors to burn Roman ships during an attack on Syracuse. This has never been proven or disproved; however, it has been put to the test. Recently, on a popular Discovery Channel show, MythBusters, a team from MIT tried to recreate the famous "Archimedes Death Ray". They were successful at starting a fire on a ship at 75 feet away; however, previous attempts to light the boat on fire using only the bronze mirrors available in Archimedes' time were unsuccessful, and the time taken to ignite the craft would have made its use impractical, resulting in the MythBusters team deeming the myth "busted". It was however found that the mirrors made it very difficult for the passengers of the targeted boat to see, likely helping to cause their defeat, which may have been the origin of the myth. (See solar power tower for a practical use of this technique.)
Seasonal lighting[link]
Due to its location in a steep-sided valley, the Italian town of Viganella gets no direct sunlight for seven weeks each winter. In 2006 a €100,000 computer-controlled mirror, 8×5 m, was installed to reflect sunlight into the town's piazza. In early 2007 the similarly situated village of Bondo, Switzerland, was considering applying this solution as well.[26][27] Mirrors can be used to produce enhanced lighting effects in greenhouses or conservatories.
Leisure[link]
Art[link]
Paintings[link]
.jpg)
Painters depicting someone gazing into a mirror often also show the person's reflection. This is a kind of abstraction—in most cases the angle of view is such that the person's reflection should not be visible. Similarly, in movies and still photography an actor or actress is often shown obstensibly looking at him- or herself in the mirror, and yet the reflection faces the camera. In reality, the actor or actress sees only the camera and its operator in this case, not their own reflection.[citation needed]
The mirror is the central device in some of the greatest of European paintings:[citation needed]
- Édouard Manet's A Bar at the Folies-Bergère
- Titian's Venus with a Mirror
- Jan Van Eyck's Arnolfini Portrait
- Pablo Picasso's Girl before a Mirror (1932)
- Diego Velázquez's Las Meninas, wherein the viewer is both the watcher (of a self-portrait in progress) and the watched, and the many adaptations of that painting in various media
- Veronese's Venus with a Mirror
Mirrors have been used by artists to create works and hone their craft:
- Filippo Brunelleschi discovered linear perspective with the help of the mirror.[citation needed]
- Leonardo da Vinci called the mirror the "master of painters". He recommended, "When you wish to see whether your whole picture accords with what you have portrayed from nature take a mirror and reflect the actual object in it. Compare what is reflected with your painting and carefully consider whether both likenesses of the subject correspond, particularly in regard to the mirror."[citation needed]
- Many self-portraits are made possible through the use of mirrors:
- Without a mirror, the great self-portraits by Dürer, Frida Kahlo, Rembrandt, and Van Gogh could not have been painted.[citation needed]
- M. C. Escher used special shapes of mirrors in order to achieve a much more complete view of his surroundings than by direct observation in Hand with Reflecting Sphere (also known as Self-Portrait in Spherical Mirror).
Mirrors are sometimes necessary to fully appreciate art work:
- István Orosz's anamorphic works are images distorted such that they only become clearly visible when reflected in a suitably shaped and positioned mirror.[citation needed]
Other artistic mediums[link]
Some other contemporary artists use mirrors as the material of art:
- A Chinese magic mirror is an art in which the face of the bronze mirror projects the same image that was cast on its back. This is due to minute curvatures on its front.[28]
- Paintings on mirror surfaces (such as silkscreen printed glass mirrors)
- Sculptures comprised entirely or in part of mirrors
- Infinity Also Hurts is a mirror, glass and silicone sculpture by artist, Seth Wulsin
- Sky Mirror is a public sculpture by artist, Anish Kapoor
- Special mirror installations
- Follow Me mirror labyrinth by artist, Jeppe Hein (see also, Entertainment: Mirror mazes, below)
- Mirror Neon Cube by artist, Jeppe Hein
Decoration[link]
Mirrors are frequently used in interior decoration and as ornaments:
- Mirrors, typically large and unframed, are frequently used in interior decoration to create an illusion of space and amplify the apparent size of a room.[citation needed] They come also framed in a variety of forms, such as the pier glass and the overmantle mirror.
- Mirrors are used also in some schools of feng shui, an ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space, to achieve harmony with the environment.
- The softness of old mirrors is sometimes replicated by contemporary artisans for use in interior design. These reproduction antiqued mirrors are works of art and can bring color and texture to an otherwise hard, cold reflective surface. It is an artistic process that has been attempted by many and perfected by few.[citation needed]
- A decorative reflecting sphere of thin metal-coated glass, working as a reducing wide-angle mirror, is sold as a Christmas ornament called a bauble.
Entertainment[link]
- Illuminated rotating disco balls covered with small mirrors are used to cast moving spots of light around a dance floor.
- The hall of mirrors, commonly found in amusement parks, is an attraction in which a number of distorting mirrors are used to produce unusual reflections of the visitor.
- Mirrors are employed in kaleidoscopes, personal entertainment devices invented in Scotland by Sir David Brewster.
- Mirrors are often used in magic to create an illusion. One effect is called Pepper's ghost.
- Mirror mazes, often found in amusement parks as well, contain large numbers of mirrors and sheets of glass. The idea is to navigate the disorientating array without bumping into the walls. Mirrors in attractions like this are often made of plexiglass as to assure that they do not break.[citation needed]
Film and television[link]
- Candyman is a horror movie about mirrors
- Mirrors is a horror movie about mirrors
- Poltergeist III features mirrors as a major theme
- The 10th Kingdom miniseries requires the use of a magic mirror for the characters to change setting between modern day New York City (the 10th Kingdom), and the Nine Kingdoms of fairy tale, primarily the 4th Kingdom from Snow White.
Literature[link]
Mirrors play a powerful role in cultural literature.
- The Holy Bible passage, 1 Corinthians 13:12: "Through a Glass Darkly" references a dim mirror image or poor mirror reflection
- The magical objects employed in the Harry Potter series include:mirrors: the Mirror of Erised and two-way mirrors
- In Alfred, Lord Tennyson's famous poem "The Lady of Shalott", the titular character possesses a mirror that enables her to look out on the people of Camelot, as she is under a curse that prevents her from seeing Camelot directly.
- Narcissus of Greek mythology wastes away while gazing, self-admiringly, at his reflection in water
- In Oscar Wilde's novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, a portrait serves as a magical mirror that reflects the true visage of the perpetually youthful protagonist, as well as the effect on his soul of each sinful act[29][30]
- In the European fairy tale, Snow White, the evil queen asks, "Mirror, mirror, on the wall... who's the fairest of them all?"
- Lewis Carroll's Through the Looking-Glass is one of the best-loved uses of mirrors in literature. The text itself utilizes a narrative that mirrors that of its predecessor, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.[citation needed]
- Under "Appendix: Variant Planes & Cosmologies" of the Dungeons & Dragons Manual Of The Planes, is The Plane of Mirrors (page 204).[31] It describes the Plane of Mirrors as a space existing behind reflective surfaces, and experienced by visitors as a long corridor. The greatest danger to visitors upon entering the plane is the instant creation of a mirror-self with the opposite alignment of the original visitor.
Mirrors and psychology[link]
Spectrophobia is the fear of mirrors.
Mirrors and superstition[link]
There are many legends and superstitions surrounding mirrors. Mirrors are said to be a reflection of the soul, and they were often used in traditional witchcraft as tools for scrying or performing other spells. It is also said that mirrors cannot lie. They can show only the truth, so it is a bad omen to see something in a mirror which should not be there. Also there is a European legend that a newborn child should not see a mirror until its first birthday as its soul is still developing. If the child sees its reflection it is said that it will die.
It is a common superstition that someone who breaks a mirror will receive seven years of bad luck.[32] The reason for this belief is that the mirror is believed to reflect part of the soul. Therefore, breaking a mirror will break part of the soul. However, the soul is said to regenerate every seven years, thus coming back unbroken.[citation needed] To prevent a broken mirror from reflecting a broken soul during the seven-year interim, one of many rituals must be performed. Two alternatives include grinding the broken mirror to dust (perhaps the easiest approach)[33] or burying the mirror.[citation needed] It is also said that tapping the broken mirror on a gravestone seven times will allow the soul to heal. However, if the mirror is both touched to the gravestone and buried, the bad luck will remain. The only course of action for one in this position is to dig up the mirror and grind it to dust. This dust must be sprinkled around the same gravestone on which the mirror was initially tapped.[citation needed]
There is a Buddhist belief that negative spirits will enter houses through the door if they have triangular-shaped roofs. Hanging a small circular mirror in front of the door will prevent the bad spirits from entering.[citation needed]
In days past, it was customary in the southern United States to cover the mirrors in a house where the wake of a deceased person was being held. It was believed that the person's soul would become trapped in a mirror if it was left uncovered. This practice is still followed in other countries (e.g., Romania), extending to everything that could reflect the deceased person's face (such as TVs and appliances). Another explanation given is that the devil will appear in the reflection of the dead. Mirrors falling from walls or otherwise breaking or cracking mysteriously were said to be haunted. A similar custom existed in Greece, in the belief that use of mirrors is a sign of vanity that does not become mourning. (Other Greek mourning customs include not playing music, not entertaining guests, and using no festive decorations, e.g. on Christmas, during the customary year-long mourning period).[citation needed]
According to legend, a vampire has no reflection in mirrors because it is an undead creature and has already lost its soul.[citation needed]
Another superstition claims it is bad luck to have two mirrors facing each other.[citation needed]
A staple of childhood slumber parties is the game Bloody Mary, which involves chanting "Bloody Mary" three times in a darkened room while staring into a mirror. There are many versions of the game, but the general idea is that "Mary" will appear in the mirror and attempt to harm or kill the person who has summoned her. Thanks to a series of popular horror movies based on a supernatural killer who haunted mirrors, the phrase "Candyman" may be substituted for Mary.[citation needed]
Mirrors and animals[link]
Jan2007.jpg)
Only a few animal species have been shown to have the ability to recognize themselves in a mirror, most of them mammals. Experiments have found that the following animals are able to pass the mirror test:
- Humans
- Bonobos
- Common chimpanzees
- Orangutans
- Gorillas
- Dolphins
- Orcas
- Asian elephants
- European Magpies
Unusual kinds of mirrors[link]
Other types of reflecting device are also called "mirrors".
- Acoustic mirrors are passive devices used to reflect and perhaps to focus sound waves. Acoustic mirrors were used for selective detection of sound waves, especially during World War II. They were used for detection of enemy aircraft prior to the development of radar. Acoustic mirrors are used for remote probing of the atmosphere; they can be used to form a narrow diffraction-limited beam.[34] They can also be used for underwater imaging.
- Active mirrors are mirrors that amplify the light they reflect. They are used to make disk lasers.[35] The amplification is typically over a narrow range of wavelengths, and requires an external source of power.
- Atomic mirrors are devices which reflect matter waves. Usually, atomic mirrors work at grazing incidence. Such mirrors can be used for atomic interferometry and atomic holography. It has been proposed that they can be used for non-destructive imaging systems with nanometer resolution.[36]
- Cold mirrors are dielectric mirrors that reflect the entire visible light spectrum, while efficiently transmitting infrared wavelengths. These are the converse of hot mirrors.
- Corner reflectors use three flat mirrors to reflect light back towards its source. They are used for emergency location, and even laser ranging to the Moon.
- Hot mirrors reflect infrared light while allowing visible light to pass. These can be used to separate useful light from unneeded infrared to reduce heating of components in an optical device. They can also be used as dichroic beamsplitters. (Hot mirrors are the converse of cold mirrors.)
- Metallic reflectors are used to reflect infrared light (such as in space heaters or microwaves).
- Non-reversing mirrors are mirrors that provide a non-reversed image of their subjects.
- X-ray mirrors produce specular reflection of X-rays. All known types work only at angles near grazing incidence, and only a small fraction of the rays are reflected.[37] See also X-ray optics.
See also[link]
- Anamorphosis
- Aranmula kannadi
- Bronze mirror
- Chirality (mathematics)
- Cold mirror and Hot mirror
- Curved mirror
- Deformable mirror
- Dielectric mirror
- Digital micromirror device
- Distorting mirror
- Home decor
- Honeycomb mirror
- List of telescope parts and construction
- Mirror armour (an oriental partial plate armour from polished metal mirrors)
- Mirror Mirror: a history of the human love affair with reflection (book)
- Mirror writing
- Mirrors in Mesoamerican culture
- Perfect mirror
- Periscope
- Rear-view mirror
- Reflectivity
- Silvering
- TLV mirror — An ancient type of Chinese mirror from the Han Dynasty.
- Two-way mirror (Also known as one-way mirror)
- Venus effect
Notes[link]
- ^ a b History of Mirrors Dating Back 8000 Years, Jay M. Enoch, School of Optometry, University of California at Berkeley
- ^ The National Museum of Science and Technology, Stockholm
- ^ Chinavoc.com
- ^ Google Books Search, by Joseph Needham, Gwei-djen Lu, Science and civilisation in China, Volume 5, page 238
- ^ Books Search, Albert Allis, The Scientific American cyclopedia of formulas, page 89
- ^ Mirrors in Egypt, Digital Egypt for Universities
- ^ Wondrous Glass: Images and Allegories, Kelsey Museum of Archaeology
- ^ The Book of the Mirror, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, edited by Miranda Anderson
- ^ pp. 162–164, Apollonius of Perga's Conica: text, context, subtext, Michael N. Fried and Sabetai Unguru, Brill, 2001, ISBN 90-04-11977-9.
- ^ p. 64, Mirror mirror: a history of the human love affair with reflection, Mark Pendergrast, Basic Books, 2004, ISBN 0-465-05471-4
- ^ pp. 38 ff., Ptolemy's Theory of Visual Perception: An English Translation of the "Optics" with Introduction and Commentary, A. Mark Smith, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series 86, No. 2 (1996), pp. iii–300.
- ^ pp. 465, 468, 469, A Pioneer in Anaclastics: Ibn Sahl on Burning Mirrors and Lenses, Roshdi Rashed, Isis, 81, No. 3 (September 1990), pp. 464–491, doi:10.1086/355456.
- ^ R. S. Elliott (1966). Electromagnetics, Chapter 1. McGraw-Hill.
- ^ Dr. Mahmoud Al Deek. "Ibn Al-Haitham: Master of Optics, Mathematics, Physics and Medicine, Al Shindagah, November–December 2004.
- ^ Dr. Kasem Ajram (1992). The Miracle of Islam Science (2nd ed.). Knowledge House Publishers. ISBN 0-911119-43-4.
- ^ Archaeominerology By George Rapp – Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 page 180
- ^ The Tin-Mercury Mirror: Its Manufacturing Technique and Deterioration Processes, Per Hadsund, Studies in Conservation, Vol. 38, No. 1 (Feb., 1993)
- ^ Liebig, Justus (1856). "Ueber Versilberung und Vergoldung von Glas". Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie 98 (1): 132–139. DOI:10.1002/jlac.18560980112.
- ^ Mirror Manufacturing and Composition
- ^ Episode 305 of How It's Made, filmed at verrerie-walker.com in Anjou, Quebec, Canada
- ^ http://www.reevu.fr
- ^ Mungan, C.E. (1999). "Faraday Isolators and Kirchhoff's Law: A Puzzle" (pdf). http://www.usna.edu/Users/physics/mungan/Scholarship/FaradayIsolators.pdf. Retrieved 18 July 2006.
- ^ Rayleigh, On the magnetic rotation of light and the second law of thermodynamics, Nature (London), Vol. 64, p. 577 (10 October 1901). http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v64/n1667/abs/064577e0.html
- ^ Mirror Lenses – how good? Tamron 500/8 SP vs Canon 500/4.5L
- ^ Ivan Moreno (2010). "Output irradiance of tapered lightpipes". JOSA A 27 (9): 1985. Bibcode 2010JOSAA..27.1985M. DOI:10.1364/JOSAA.27.001985. http://fisica.uaz.edu.mx/~imoreno/Publicaciones/JOSA2010.pdf.
- ^ "Italy village gets 'sun mirror'". BBC News. 18 December 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6189371.stm. Retrieved 12 May 2010.
- ^ "Swiss Officials Want to Spread Sunshine, Swiss Officials May Build Giant Mirror to Give Light to Sunless Village – CBS News". http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/02/12/ap/world/mainD8N8AED80.shtml. [dead link]
- ^ "Magic Mirrors". The Courier (Unesco): 16–17. October 1988. ISSN 0041-5278. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000817/081712eo.pdf. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ^ Simon Callow (19 September 2009). "Mirror, mirror". The Guardian. The Guardian: Culture Web. http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2009/sep/19/oscar-wilde-picture-dorian-gray. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
- ^ "The Picture of Dorian Gray". Sparknotes.com. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/doriangray/. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
- ^ Grubb, Jeff; David Noonan and Bruce R. Cordell (2001). Manual Of The Planes. Wizards of the Coast. ISBN 0-7869-1850-0. http://www.wizards.com/default.asp?x=products/dndacc/882420000.
- ^ Milkinson, David; Barbara (2009). "Breaking a Mirror". Urban Legends Reference Pages. Snopes.com. p. 1. http://www.snopes.com/luck/superstition/breakmirror.asp. Retrieved 29 August 2009.
- ^ www.mirrorsmyth.com
- ^ M. A. Kallistratova (1997). "Physical grounds for acoustic remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer". Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences 69: 3–34. DOI:10.1007/BFb0009558. ISBN 3-540-61612-8. http://www.springerlink.com/content/w613354427150024.
- ^ K. Ueda; N. Uehara (1993). "Laser-diode-pumped solid state lasers for gravitational wave antenna". Proceedings of SPIE 1837: 336–345. DOI:10.1117/12.143686. http://bookstore.spie.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=DetailPaper&ProductId=143686&coden=PSISDG. [dead link]
- ^ D. Kouznetsov; H. Oberst, K. Shimizu, A. Neumann, Y. Kuznetsova, J.-F. Bisson, K. Ueda, S. R. J. Brueck (2006). "Ridged atomic mirrors and atomic nanoscope". Journal of Physics B 39 (7): 1605–1623. Bibcode 2006JPhB...39.1605K. DOI:10.1088/0953-4075/39/7/005. http://stacks.iop.org/0953-4075/39/1605.
- ^ V.V.Protopopov; V.A.Shishkov, and V.A.Kalnov (2000). "X-ray parabolic collimator with depth-graded multilayer mirror". Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (12): 4380–4386. Bibcode 2000RScI...71.4380P. DOI:10.1063/1.1327305.
References[link]
- Mirror Manufacturing and Composition, Mirrorlink
- Stannous Chloride: Silvering Mirrors, American Chemical Association
Bibliography[link]
- Mirror, Mirror: A History of the Human Love Affair with Reflection, Mark Pendergrast. Basic Books (2003). ISBN 0-465-05471-4 .
- On reflection, Jonathan Miller, National Gallery Publications Limited (1998). ISBN 0-300-07713-0 .
- The Mirror: A History, Sabine Melchior-Bonnet, Routledge, 2001, ISBN 0-415-92448-0
External links[link]
 |
Look up mirror in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mirrors |
http://wn.com/Mirror
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Specchio
http://cs.wn.com/Zrcadlo
http://id.wn.com/Cermin
http://es.wn.com/Espejo
http://nl.wn.com/Spiegel (optica)
http://pl.wn.com/Lustro
http://fr.wn.com/Miroir
http://de.wn.com/Spiegel
http://hi.wn.com/दर्पण
http://pt.wn.com/Espelho
http://ru.wn.com/Зеркало
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
