| Name | Zamość |
|---|
| Pushpin map | Poland |
|---|
| Pushpin label position | bottom |
|---|
| Coordinates region | PL |
|---|
| Subdivision type | Country |
|---|
| Subdivision name | |
|---|
| Subdivision type1 | Voivodeship |
|---|
| Subdivision name1 | Lublin |
|---|
| Subdivision type2 | Powiat |
|---|
| Subdivision name2 | City County |
|---|
| Subdivision type3 | Gmina |
|---|
| Subdivision name3 | Zamość |
|---|
| Leader title | Mayor |
|---|
| Leader name | Marcin Zamoyski |
|---|
| Established title | Established |
|---|
| Established date | 1580 |
|---|
| Established title3 | Town rights |
|---|
| Established date3 | 1580 |
|---|
| Area total km2 | 30.34 |
|---|
| Population as of | 2006 |
|---|
| Population total | 66613 |
|---|
| Population density km2 | auto |
|---|
| Population metro | 140 274 |
|---|
| Timezone | CET |
|---|
| Utc offset | +1 |
|---|
| Timezone dst | CEST |
|---|
| Utc offset dst | +2 |
|---|
| Elevation m | 212 |
|---|
| Postal code type | Postal code |
|---|
| Postal code | 22-400 to 22-410 |
|---|
| Area code | +48 084 |
|---|
| Blank name | Car plates |
|---|
| Blank info | LZ |
|---|
| Website | http://www.zamosc.pl |
|---|
| Whs | Old City of Zamość |
|---|
| State party | |
|---|
| Type | Cultural |
|---|
| Criteria | iv |
|---|
| Id | 564 |
|---|
| Region | Europe and North America |
|---|
| Year | 1992 |
|---|
| Session | 16th |
|---|
| Link | http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/564 |
|---|
Zamość (,
Zamoshtch) is a town in southeastern
Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the south-western part of
Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), about from
Lublin, from
Warsaw and from the border with
Ukraine. About 20 kilometres from the town is the
Roztocze National Park.
The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992) as a result of the decision taken during the sixteenth ordinary session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, from 7 to 14 December 1992.
In the view of UNESCO, "Zamość is a unique example of a Renaissance town in Central Europe, consistently designed and built in accordance with the Italian theories of the “ideal town,” on the basis of a plan which was the result of perfect cooperation between the open-minded founder, Jan Zamoyski, and the outstanding architect, Bernardo Morando. Zamość is an outstanding example of an innovative approach to town planning, combining the functions of an urban ensemble, a residence, and a fortress in accordance with a consistently implemented Renaissance concept. The result of this is a stylistically homogeneous urban composition with a high level of architectural and landscape values. A real asset of this great construction was its creative enhancement with local artistic architectural achievements. Zamość is spoken of as a Renaissance town. However, on the one hand, Morando himself must have had Mannerist training, and on the other, in all the countries of Central Europe (Poland, Bohemia, Slovakia, Hungary, certain German regions and, in part, Austria proper), Italian Renaissance architecture had been well assimilated and adapted to local traditions since the 15th century. Consequently, Zamość was planned as a town in which the Mannerist taste mingled with certain Central European urban traditions, such as the arcaded galleries that surround the squares and create a sheltered passage in front of the shops."
History
History before World War II
Zamość was founded in the year 1580 by the
Chancellor and
Hetman (head of the army of the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth)
Jan Zamoyski, on the trade route linking western and northern Europe with the
Black Sea. Modelled on Italian trading cities, and built during the
Baroque period by the architect
Bernardo Morando, a native of
Padua, Zamość remains a perfect example of a
Renaissance town of the late 16th century, which retains its original layout and fortifications (
Zamość Fortress), and a large number of buildings blending Italian and central European architectural traditions.
At the turn of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries Zamość was one of the most impressive fortresses in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The city was belted with powerful bastion fortifications, curtains and moats. The defensive qualities of the fortress were determined by the natural conditions, since the city was founded at the Łabuńka river and its tributary Topornica river, surrounded by the extensive marshy valley.
As a result of the merger of the fortress and the main city and thanks to the terrain, the fortress had a shape of irregular heptagon, consisting of 7 curtains and 7 bastions placed in the bends. Jan Zamoyski, the founder and owner of the city, paid a lot of attention to the defense functions of the city. In the founding document, he pledged to consolidate the city with ramparts and a moat. The city was founded in the areas that used to be threatened or attacked by the Tatars. In the case of emergency, the powerful fortress could give shelter to people fleeing from threatened areas.
In the 17th century the city was thriving during the most extensive and fastest development period. It attracted not only the Poles but also many other nationalities. The city, however, faced numerous invasions, including the siege by the Cossacks led by Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1648, the leader of the uprising against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1648–1654) which resulted in the creation of a Cossack state, and during the Swedish Deluge in 1656. The Swedish army, like the Cossacks, failed to capture the city. Only during the Great Northern War Zamość was occupied by the Swedish and Saxon troops.
Between 1772 and 1809, the city was incorporated into the Austrian Empire's Crown Province of Galicia.
In 1809 the city was incorporated to the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw whereas after the fall of Napoleon, following the decisions taken during the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Zamość became a part of the Kingdom of Poland, also called Congress Poland, which was controlled by the Russian Empire.
In 1821 the government of the kingdom bought off the city and modernized the Zamość fortress. As a result, many buildings were restructured losing their original form and style. The modernized fortress played a big role during the November Uprising in 1830-1831 and surrendered as the last Polish resistance point. The fortress was finally destroyed in 1866, giving rise to the robust spatial development of the city.
In 1916 the city was provided with the railway line. After Poland regained its independence in 1918, Zamość witnessed the outbreak of a communist revolt, suppressed by the Polish troops under the command of Major Leopold Lis-Kula. Two years later, during the Polish-Soviet War, the Soviet army surrounded the city but failed to capture it.
The interwar period was a period of fast city development when its boundaries were widened as well as many new institutions and centers, especially those relating to cultural and educational life, were created.
History after World War II
Following the German invasion and outbreak of
World War II, in September 1939 Zamość was seized by the German army. Shortly, the Nazis created an extermination camp in the Zamość Rotunda where more than 8,000 people were killed, including displaced residents of the Zamość region and Soviet prisoners of war.
In 1942, Zamość County, due to its fertile black soil, was chosen for further German colonization in the
General Government as part of
Generalplan Ost. The city itself was initially to be renamed "Himmlerstadt" (
Himmler City), later changed to "Pflugstadt" (Plough City). Reichsfuhrer
Himmler visited Zamość in August 1942 and ordered that the buildings of the old city be demolished immediately and replaced by a "German town". The local German administrator, more sympathetic towards the town's Renaissance architecture, played for time by requesting what sort of German architecture was required. Teams of planners and architects had not reached a decision when the Germans were evicted by the
Red Army.
The German occupiers had planned the relocation of at least 60,000 ethnic Germans in the area before the end of 1943. Before that, a "test trial" expulsion was performed in November 1941, and the whole operation ended in a pacification operation, combined with expulsions in June/July 1943 which was code named Wehrwolf Action I and II. Around 110,000 people from 297 villages were expelled. Around 30,000 victims were children who, if racially "clean" (i.e. had physical characteristics deemed "Germanic") were planned for germanisation in German families in the Third Reich. Most of the people expelled were sent as slave labour in Germany or to concentration camps. Until the middle of 1943, the Germans managed to settle 8,000 colonists, the number increased by a couple of thousand more in 1944. This settlement was met with fierce armed resistance by Polish Underground forces (see Zamość Uprising). The Nazis found it difficult to find many families suitable for Germanization and so settlement, and that those settlers they did find often fled in fear, because those evicted would burn down houses or kill their inhabitants.
The former President of Germany Horst Köhler was born to a family of German colonists in Skierbieszów.
After World War II, Zamość started a period of development. In the 1970s and 1980s the population grew rapidly (from 39,100 in 1975 to 68,800 in 2003), as the city started to gain significant profits from the old trade routes linking Germany with Ukraine and the ports on the Black Sea.
During the years 1975–1998 Zamość was the capital of Zamość Voivodeship.
Noted conservator and artist Professor Wiktor Zin was responsible for the design and oversight of conservation work on the Arsenal and the Armenian quarter in Zamość.
History of Jews in Zamość
The city was a large center of
Chasidic Judaism. The
Qahal of Zamość was founded in 1588 when Jan Zamoyski agreed to settle the Jews in the city. The first Jewish settlers were mainly the
Sephardi Jews coming from Italy, Spain, Portugal and Turkey. In the 17th century, the newcomers were recruited among the
Ashkenazi Jews that soon constituted the majority within the Jewish population. The settlement rights given by Jan Zamoyski were re-confirmed in 1684 by
Marcin Zamoyski, the fourth
Ordynat of Zamość estate.
At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Jewish inhabitants were under the strong influence of the Jewish Enlightenment trend called
Haskalah. The late nineteenth century saw the spread of
Hasidic Judaism. In Zamość there were a Jewish synagogue, two houses of worship and a hospital. Nowadays the best preserved remnant of the Jewish culture is the building of
Zamość Synagogue.
In 1827, 2,874 Jews lived in the city. In 1900, the Jewish population was 7,034 whereas in 1921 - 9383 (49.3% of the population).
Zamość was the hometown of many prominent Jews, including: poet Solomon Ettinger (1799–1855), writer Isaac Leib Peretz (1852–1915), and future revolutionist Rosa Luxemburg (1870–1919) who were all born there.
Shortly before World War II approximately 12,000 Jews lived in the city. In October 1939, the German occupants set up the Judenrat whereas in the spring of 1942 they set up a ghetto.
From April to September 1942, around 4 thousand Jews were deported to the Bełżec extermination camp.
In October 1942, the Germans shot dead 500 people, and the remaining 4,000 were deported, via the transfer point in the Izbica concentration camp, to the camp in Bełżec. The Jews used to be transported in unheated closed, freight train compartments, without any food and water. Many times the relatively short distance travel took 3 days, so the transported people used to arrive already dead. Today only 3 Jews live in Zamość.
Architecture
The most historic buildings are located in the Old Town. The main distinguishing features of the Old Town have been well preserved since its establishment. It includes the regular Great Market Square of 100 x 100 meters with the splendid Townhall and so-called Armenian houses, as well as the fragments of the original fortress and fortifications, including those from the period of the Russian occupation in the 19th century.
Jan Zamoyski commissioned the Italian architect Bernardo Morando to design the city that would be based on the anthropomorphic concept. Its "head" was to be the Zamoyski palace, "backbone" Grodzka Street, crossing the Great Market Square from east to west, in the direction of the palace, and with the "arms" embodied by 10 streets intersecting the main streets: Solna street (north of the Great Market Square) and Bernardo Morando street (south of the Great Market Square). In these streets, the other squares were placed: Salt Square (Rynek Solny) and Water Square (Rynek Wodny), functioning as the "internal organs" of the city whereas the bastions are the "hands and legs" for self-defense.
The Town Hall stands at the foot of the Great Market Square regarded as one of the most beautiful 16th century squares in Europe. The square is surrounded by a complex of arcaded houses that were built by the richest Zamość merchants. Its measure is exactly 100 meters in both width and length with the crossing two main axes of the old town. The 600-meter longitudinal axis goes from the east to the west: from Bastion No. 7 to the Zamoyski Palace. The 400-meter crosswise axis goes from the north to the south, linking the Great Market Square with the two smaller market squares: Solny and Wodny.
After the death of Zamoyski, it slowly lost its importance, and in 1784 it was downgraded to a lyceum. The present-day I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana Zamoyskiego is one of several secondary schools in Zamość.
Nowadays there are 9 secondary schools: 7 public (numbered from 1 to 7), one Catholic and one Social school. In addition, there are 10 primary schools: 8 public (numbered from 2 - 4 and from 6-10) as well as a Catholic and a Social primary school.
High Schools
I Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Jana Zamoyskiego
II Liceum Ogólnokształcąse im. M. Konopnickiej
III Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. K. C. Norwida
IV Liceum Ogólnokształcące im Armi Krajowej
Colleges
Wyższa Szkoła Humanistyczno-Ekonomiczna im. Jana Zamoyskiego
Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania i Administracji
Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Zamościu
Zespół Kolegiów Nauczycielskich w Zamościu
University of Life Sciences in Lublin - faculty in Zamość
Economy
The city is located on the
broad gauge railway line linking former
Soviet Union with
Upper Silesian coal and sulphur mines as well as less than 60 kilometres from the border crossings to
Ukraine. Also, Zamość is located on a regular rail line, although it is not electrified. The economy of the city is based on services that is why it is dominated by numerous small and medium-sized enterprises. However, there are some large production plants, mainly food factories and companies, which is related to the dominance of agriculture in the region. These include: the Zamojskie Wheat Company (Zamojskie Zakłady Zbożowe), the Animex fodder company, the Mors frozen food producer, and a daughter company of the Dairy in
Krasnystaw.
The city is also a center of know-how support for agriculture and a market for various agricultural products.
In addition, the other companies include: a daughter company of the Black Red White furniture company (former Zamojskie Furniture Company), the Spomasz Zamość SA industrial and metal hardware producer, the SIPMOT agricultural machinery producer (a branch of the SIPMA Group from Lublin and a branch of Stalprodukt (former Metalplast) - producer of metal hardware and equipment from Bochnia, listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange.
Culture
The Old Town together with the remains of the old Zamość Fortress constitute an urban complex inscribed on the
UNESCO World Heritage Site. Zamość hosts the following cultural events: concerts of music performed by the Karol Namysłowski Symphonic Orchestra in Zamość and by Polish artists representing different kinds of music, Zamość Days of Music (Zamojskie Dni Muzyki) and International Meetings of Jazz Singers (Międzynarodowe Spotkania Wokalistów Jazzowych), which is a tribute to
Mieczysław Kosz, a great blind jazz player and composer who used to combine his jazz music with the Polish folk.
Jazz na Kresach is a very popular annual music festival. It dates back to 1982 and has been held since then. The festival is organised in Zamość Old Town by the Zamość Jazz Club to commemorate Mieczysław Kosz.
The Zamość Festival of Mark Grechuta aims at commemorating his works. He was a composer, singer and poet. The festival has already taken place 3 times: 7–8 September 2007, 6–7 September 2008, 4–6 September 2009. The laureates of the competition and various well-known musicians sang at this festival. The festival is held in Zamość Great Market.
In addition, the admirers of open-air performances can enjoy the Zamość Summer Theatre (Zamojskie Lato Teatralne) whereas enthusiasts of folk art can relish the performances of folk groups from all over the world during the annual "EUROFOLK" International Folk Festival. Lovers of film-making can broaden their knowledge during the Summer Film Academy and the "SACROFILM" International Religious Film Days.
Sports
Zamość is home to a soccer team
Hetman Zamość.
Famous and/or known people born in Zamość
Tauba Biterman
Joseph Epstein (1911–1944) - also known as Colonel Gilles, was a Polish-born Jewish communist activist and a French Resistance leader during World War II.
Solomon Ettinger
Marek Grechuta (1945–2006) - was a Polish singer, songwriter, composer, and lyricist
Anna Jakubczak
Irene Lieblich (1923–2008) - was a Polish-born artist and Holocaust survivor noted for illustrating the books of Nobel laureate Isaac Bashevis Singer and for her paintings highlighting Jewish life and culture
Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919) - was a Marxist theorist, philosopher, economist and activist of Polish Jewish descent who became a naturalized German citizen
Adam Niklewicz (1957) - is an American sculptor and illustrator
Zbigniew Nowosadzki
Isaac Leib Peretz (1852–1915) - was a Yiddish language author and playwright
Mateusz Prus
Leopold Skulski (1878–1940) - was Prime Minister of Poland from 1919 to 1920
Przemysław Tytoń (1987) - is a Polish goalkeeper who plays for Roda JC in the Dutch Eredivisie
Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska (1623–1672) - was the wife of Jeremi Michał Wiśniowiecki and the mother of Polish King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
Jan "Sobiepan" Zamoyski (1627–1665) - was the 3rd Ordynat of the Zamość Ordynacja estates
Aleksander Zederbaum (1816–1893) - was a Polish-Russian Jewish journalist, founder and editor of Ha-Meliẓ, and other periodicals published in Russian and Yiddish
Famous and/or known people connected with Zamość
Szymon Szymonowic (1558–1629) - was a Polish humanist, poet associated with Grand Hetman and Royal Chancellor Jan Zamoyski, with whom in 1593–1605 he organized the Zamojski Academy.
Bernardo Morando (ca. 1540-1600) - was a Polish-Italian architect, author of a new town of Zamość, mayor of Zamość.
Stanisław Staszic (1755–1826) - was a Polish priest, philosopher, statesman, geologist, scholar, poet and writer, a leader of the Polish Enlightenment. He was a tutor for the children of
Andrzej Zamoyski, the 10th
Ordynat of the Zamość Ordynacja properties.
Bolesław Leśmian (1877–1937) - was a Polish poet, artist and member of the Polish Academy of Literature, one of the most influential poets of the early 20th century in Poland. He lived and worked as a lawyer (notary) in Zamość.
Walerian Łukasiński (1786–1868) - was a Polish officer and political activist, sentenced by Russian Imperial authorities to 14 years' imprisonment, he was never released and died after 46 years. He spent 7 years in the tsarist prison in Zamość.
Literature
Fritz Stuber, "Notes on the Revalorization of Historic Towns in Poland", in
Ekistics (Athens), Vol. 49, No. 295, 1982, pp. 336–341, 3 ill.
International relations
Twin towns — sister cities
Zamość is
twinned with
OWHC cities as well as:
Bardejov,
Slovakia
Loughborough,
England,
United Kingdom
Schwäbisch Hall,
Germany
Sumy,
Ukraine
Zhovkva,
Ukraine
See also
Zamojski Academy
Seven Wonders of Poland
Zamość Synagogue
Zamość Fortress
References
External links
Zamość city website
Zamość article
Wonders of Zamosc
Zespół Kolegiów Nauczycielskich w Zamościu
Kamienice ormiańskie Камяниці Вірменські Հայկական տներ
*
Category:Cities and towns in Lublin Voivodeship
Category:World Heritage Sites in Poland
Category:Planned cities in Poland
Category:Populated places established in 1580
Category:City counties of Poland
[[File:RuslanChagaev.jpg" />
![Zamość [ˈzamɔɕt ͡ɕ] is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999). About 20 kilometres from the town is the Roztocze National Park. The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992).](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/bd/b5/c9921c6ada2cbf34522a2988ffd0_grande.jpg "Zamość [ˈzamɔɕt ͡ɕ] is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999). About 20 kilometres from the town is the Roztocze National Park. The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992).")
![Saint Catherine Church Built at the end of the 16th century, the Szczebrzeszyn House belonged to the town of Szczebrzeszyn. Its function was to keep the town’s treasures and assets in Zamość fortress that was regarded as a safe place. The house has four windows, arcades and a richly ornamented finial in the form of a cartouche in which Szczebrzeszyn coat of arms was allegedly placed.[24] Built in the 1600s in line with Bernardo Morando's design, the Turobin House was built for the town of Turobi](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/a2/e9/062cfb9d8e6992ff1d51faf396d0_grande.jpg "Saint Catherine Church Built at the end of the 16th century, the Szczebrzeszyn House belonged to the town of Szczebrzeszyn. Its function was to keep the town’s treasures and assets in Zamość fortress that was regarded as a safe place. The house has four windows, arcades and a richly ornamented finial in the form of a cartouche in which Szczebrzeszyn coat of arms was allegedly placed.[24] Built in the 1600s in line with Bernardo Morando's design, the Turobin House was built for the town of Turobi")
![Hrubieszów [xruˈbjɛʂuf] is a town in southeastern Poland, with a population of 18,661 (2004). It is the capital of Hrubieszów County. Since 1999 Hrubieszów has been part of Lublin Province (Polish: województwo lubelskie). Earlier, 1975–98, it had been part of Zamość Province (województwo zamojskie). Prior to 1919, it was part of the Russian Empire. Notable childhood residents of Hrubieszów were novelist Bolesław Prus and poker-player and entrepreneur Henry Orenstein.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/46/a1/22c37a69e8b3e06b68653152d79d_grande.jpg "Hrubieszów [xruˈbjɛʂuf] is a town in southeastern Poland, with a population of 18,661 (2004). It is the capital of Hrubieszów County. Since 1999 Hrubieszów has been part of Lublin Province (Polish: województwo lubelskie). Earlier, 1975–98, it had been part of Zamość Province (województwo zamojskie). Prior to 1919, it was part of the Russian Empire. Notable childhood residents of Hrubieszów were novelist Bolesław Prus and poker-player and entrepreneur Henry Orenstein.")
![Biłgoraj [biwˈgɔraj] ( listen) is a town in south-eastern Poland with 27,000 inhabitants (2003). Since 1999 it has been situated in Lublin Voivodeship; it was previously in Zamość Voivodeship (1975-1998).](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/bb/5c/9e61685b0477b1b52c8f991e9465_grande.jpg "Biłgoraj [biwˈgɔraj] ( listen) is a town in south-eastern Poland with 27,000 inhabitants (2003). Since 1999 it has been situated in Lublin Voivodeship; it was previously in Zamość Voivodeship (1975-1998).")
![Tomaszów Lubelski [tɔˈmaʂuf luˈbɛlski] is a town in south-eastern Poland with 20,261 inhabitants (2004). Situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Zamość Voivodeship (1975-1998). It is the capital of Tomaszów Lubelski County.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/24/95/cd4ba2a2837ed5197768cd79ed88_grande.jpg "Tomaszów Lubelski [tɔˈmaʂuf luˈbɛlski] is a town in south-eastern Poland with 20,261 inhabitants (2004). Situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Zamość Voivodeship (1975-1998). It is the capital of Tomaszów Lubelski County.")
![Zwierzyniec [zvjɛˈʐɨɲɛt ͡s] is a town on the Wieprz river in the Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. It has 3,324 inhabitants (2004).](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/b9/ec/a071d10659adf0ee79035bb2a1da_grande.jpg "Zwierzyniec [zvjɛˈʐɨɲɛt ͡s] is a town on the Wieprz river in the Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. It has 3,324 inhabitants (2004).")
![The Palace of Culture and Science (Polish: Pałac Kultury i Nauki, also abbreviated PKiN) in Warsaw is the tallest building in Poland, the eighth tallest building in the European Union. From 1955 to 1957 it was the tallest building in Europe. The building was originally known as the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science (Pałac Kultury i Nauki imienia Józefa Stalina), but in the wake of destalinization the dedication was revoked;[1] Stalin's name was removed from the interior lobby and one o](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/8e/61/76ed9e35a8211586a42301c8322e_grande.jpg "The Palace of Culture and Science (Polish: Pałac Kultury i Nauki, also abbreviated PKiN) in Warsaw is the tallest building in Poland, the eighth tallest building in the European Union. From 1955 to 1957 it was the tallest building in Europe. The building was originally known as the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science (Pałac Kultury i Nauki imienia Józefa Stalina), but in the wake of destalinization the dedication was revoked;[1] Stalin's name was removed from the interior lobby and one o")
![Zamość [ˈzamɔɕt ͡ɕ] is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999). About 20 kilometres from the town is the Roztocze National Park. The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992).](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/bd/b5/c9921c6ada2cbf34522a2988ffd0_thumb.jpg "Zamość [ˈzamɔɕt ͡ɕ] is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999). About 20 kilometres from the town is the Roztocze National Park. The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992).")
![Saint Catherine Church Built at the end of the 16th century, the Szczebrzeszyn House belonged to the town of Szczebrzeszyn. Its function was to keep the town’s treasures and assets in Zamość fortress that was regarded as a safe place. The house has four windows, arcades and a richly ornamented finial in the form of a cartouche in which Szczebrzeszyn coat of arms was allegedly placed.[24] Built in the 1600s in line with Bernardo Morando's design, the Turobin House was built for the town of Turobi](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn5.wn.com/pd/a2/e9/062cfb9d8e6992ff1d51faf396d0_thumb.jpg "Saint Catherine Church Built at the end of the 16th century, the Szczebrzeszyn House belonged to the town of Szczebrzeszyn. Its function was to keep the town’s treasures and assets in Zamość fortress that was regarded as a safe place. The house has four windows, arcades and a richly ornamented finial in the form of a cartouche in which Szczebrzeszyn coat of arms was allegedly placed.[24] Built in the 1600s in line with Bernardo Morando's design, the Turobin House was built for the town of Turobi")
![Hrubieszów [xruˈbjɛʂuf] is a town in southeastern Poland, with a population of 18,661 (2004). It is the capital of Hrubieszów County. Since 1999 Hrubieszów has been part of Lublin Province (Polish: województwo lubelskie). Earlier, 1975–98, it had been part of Zamość Province (województwo zamojskie). Prior to 1919, it was part of the Russian Empire. Notable childhood residents of Hrubieszów were novelist Bolesław Prus and poker-player and entrepreneur Henry Orenstein.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/46/a1/22c37a69e8b3e06b68653152d79d_thumb.jpg "Hrubieszów [xruˈbjɛʂuf] is a town in southeastern Poland, with a population of 18,661 (2004). It is the capital of Hrubieszów County. Since 1999 Hrubieszów has been part of Lublin Province (Polish: województwo lubelskie). Earlier, 1975–98, it had been part of Zamość Province (województwo zamojskie). Prior to 1919, it was part of the Russian Empire. Notable childhood residents of Hrubieszów were novelist Bolesław Prus and poker-player and entrepreneur Henry Orenstein.")
![Biłgoraj [biwˈgɔraj] ( listen) is a town in south-eastern Poland with 27,000 inhabitants (2003). Since 1999 it has been situated in Lublin Voivodeship; it was previously in Zamość Voivodeship (1975-1998).](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/bb/5c/9e61685b0477b1b52c8f991e9465_thumb.jpg "Biłgoraj [biwˈgɔraj] ( listen) is a town in south-eastern Poland with 27,000 inhabitants (2003). Since 1999 it has been situated in Lublin Voivodeship; it was previously in Zamość Voivodeship (1975-1998).")
![Tomaszów Lubelski [tɔˈmaʂuf luˈbɛlski] is a town in south-eastern Poland with 20,261 inhabitants (2004). Situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Zamość Voivodeship (1975-1998). It is the capital of Tomaszów Lubelski County.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn5.wn.com/pd/24/95/cd4ba2a2837ed5197768cd79ed88_thumb.jpg "Tomaszów Lubelski [tɔˈmaʂuf luˈbɛlski] is a town in south-eastern Poland with 20,261 inhabitants (2004). Situated in the Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Zamość Voivodeship (1975-1998). It is the capital of Tomaszów Lubelski County.")
![Zwierzyniec [zvjɛˈʐɨɲɛt ͡s] is a town on the Wieprz river in the Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. It has 3,324 inhabitants (2004).](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/b9/ec/a071d10659adf0ee79035bb2a1da_thumb.jpg "Zwierzyniec [zvjɛˈʐɨɲɛt ͡s] is a town on the Wieprz river in the Zamość County, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland. It has 3,324 inhabitants (2004).")
![The Palace of Culture and Science (Polish: Pałac Kultury i Nauki, also abbreviated PKiN) in Warsaw is the tallest building in Poland, the eighth tallest building in the European Union. From 1955 to 1957 it was the tallest building in Europe. The building was originally known as the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science (Pałac Kultury i Nauki imienia Józefa Stalina), but in the wake of destalinization the dedication was revoked;[1] Stalin's name was removed from the interior lobby and one o](http://web.archive.org./web/20110904030629im_/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/8e/61/76ed9e35a8211586a42301c8322e_thumb.jpg "The Palace of Culture and Science (Polish: Pałac Kultury i Nauki, also abbreviated PKiN) in Warsaw is the tallest building in Poland, the eighth tallest building in the European Union. From 1955 to 1957 it was the tallest building in Europe. The building was originally known as the Joseph Stalin Palace of Culture and Science (Pałac Kultury i Nauki imienia Józefa Stalina), but in the wake of destalinization the dedication was revoked;[1] Stalin's name was removed from the interior lobby and one o")
