- published: 22 May 2008
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- author: andrewdavid68
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- A4085 road
- A498 road
- Above sea level
- Afallon
- Afanc
- Alps
- An Teallach
- Angela Douglas
- Anova Books
- Aran Fawddwy
- Arthurian legend
- Arup
- Arête
- Ash flow
- Askival
- Avalonia
- BBC News
- Beaver
- Bedivere
- Beinn a' Bheithir
- Beinn a' Chreachain
- Beinn a' Ghlò
- Beinn Alligin
- Beinn an Lochain
- Beinn an Òir
- Beinn Eighe
- Beinn Fhada
- Beinn Mhòr (Cowal)
- Beinn Sgulaird
- Beinn Ìme
- Ben Alder
- Ben Chonzie
- Ben Cruachan
- Ben Hee
- Ben Hope
- Ben Klibreck
- Ben Lawers
- Ben Lomond
- Ben Loyal
- Ben Lui
- Ben Macdui
- Ben More (Mull)
- Ben More Assynt
- Ben More Coigach
- Ben Nevis
- Ben Wyvis
- Bidean nam Bian
- Binnein Mòr
- Blà Bheinn
- Bog
- Botanist
- British Isles
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- Broad Law
- Cadair Idris
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- Café
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- Cambrian Journal
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-
A4085 road
The A4085 is a 20-mile road between Caernarfon and Penrhyndeudraeth in North Wales that runs through the scenic Aberglaslyn Pass. There are several locations where the road is of substandard width.
The road begins at the southern apex of a triangular one-way system in Caernarfon on the A487 (53°08′17″N 4°16′09″W / 53.1381°N 4.2693°W / 53.1381; -4.2693 (A4085 road (northern end))). It heads south, signposted for Beddgelert. As it leaves Caernarfon it passes the site of the Roman legionary fort Segontium and later crosses the Afon Seiont and the course of the Caernarfon-to-Llanberis railway. After 1.5 miles it crosses a roundabout at Caeathro. The road as far as Waunfawr is reputed to be a Roman road and is fairly straight. After Waunfawr the road joins the Gwyrfai Valley, a glaciated U-shaped valley along the west side of Snowdon. At various places along the valley it crosses and recrosses the Welsh Highland Railway. The road passes along the east shore of Llyn Cwellyn (Caernarfon's water supply), before climbing to a summit just south of Rhyd Ddu. The Welsh Highland Railway is under construction south of here towards Porthmadog and various works and construction trains can be seen alongside the road.
wn.com/A4085_road -
A498 road
The A498 is a 16 mile road between Pen-y-Gwryd and Porthmadog in North Wales.
At Pen-y-Gwryd (53°04′55″N 4°00′08″W / 53.0819°N 4.0022°W / 53.0819; -4.0022 (A498 road (northern end))), the A4086 Llanberis Pass route bears off to the north. The A498 descends from a 277m (909 ft.) summit at Pen-y-Gwryd and runs south west through the village of Beddgelert and the Aberglaslyn Pass, where it overlaps the A4085. The A498 then passes through Tremadog, overlapping the A487 for a short length before passing under the Cambrian Coast railway and terminating at Penamser on the A497 (52°56′01″N 4°09′15″W / 52.9336°N 4.1543°W / 52.9336; -4.1543 (A498 road (southern end))), about a mile west of Porthmadog. At its northern end, the road forms a link via the A4086 with the A5 at Capel Curig, forming a useful holiday route to the Beddgelert/Porthmadog area. At the junctions, the A4086 to Llanberis is the minor road at Pen-y-Gwryd, while the A498 is the minor road at Beddgelert. At Pont Aberglaslyn, the A4085 is the minor road diverging to Penrhyndeudraeth and at Tremadog, the A498 is the major road. The junction west of Tremadog is a roundabout and at Penamser, the A498 is the minor road.
wn.com/A498_road -
An Teallach
An Teallach is a mountain in Scotland. It lies to the southwest of Dundonnell and overlooks Little Loch Broom, in an area often nicknamed the "great wilderness". An Teallach means 'The Anvil' or 'The Forge' in Scottish Gaelic; although most scholars claim the latter is most correct as the mountain's name refers more to the colour of the terrain in certain lighting conditions, rather than shape.
The mountain is mostly made of Torridonian sandstone. Like the peaks around Torridon (for which the rock is named), An Teallach has terraced sides riven with steep gullies and a sharp rocky summit crest at Sgùrr Fiona. The steepest section, known as Corrag Bhuidhe, rises above Loch Toll an Lochain. Corrag Bhuidhe's most spectacular feature is an overhanging pinnacle known as Lord Berkeley's Seat.
An Teallach is a complex mountain massif, with ten distinct summits over 3,000 feet (914.4 m). From 1891 to 1981, only the highest of these, Bidean a' Ghlas Thuill, had the status of a Munro – a separate mountain over 3,000 feet. In 1981 the Scottish Mountaineering Club granted Munro status to Sgùrr Fiona, in recognition of its considerable topographic prominence (150 m) and distinct nature. The complete list of Munros and Tops (subsidiary summits appearing on Munro's Tables) is now as follows:
wn.com/An_Teallach -
Aran Fawddwy
Aran Fawddwy is a mountain in southern Snowdonia, Wales, United Kingdom.
The nearest urban centres to the mountain are Dinas Mawddwy to the south, Llanymawddwy to the southeast, Llanuwchllyn on the shores of Bala Lake to the north, and Rhydymain to the west. On the eastern slopes of Aran Fawddwy is the small lake named Creiglyn Dyfi, the source of the River Dyfi. Its sister peak is Aran Benllyn at 885 metres (2,904 ft).
Aran Fawddwy is best ascended from Cywarch in the south. Although a longer ridge climb is possible from the Bala side.
Aran Fawddwy, which is only 9 metres (30 ft) short of being a member of the Welsh 3000s, is the highest peak in the Aran mountain range and the 16th highest summit in Wales. The other two Marilyns in this range are Glasgwm and Esgeiriau Gwynion.
It is the highest British mountain south of Snowdon and is the principal summit of the predominant southwest-northeast ridge between Dolgellau and Bala, southern Snowdonia, a ridge that continues westwards as Cadair Idris.
wn.com/Aran_Fawddwy -
Askival
Askival is the highest mountain on the island of Rùm, located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of the town of Kinloch, Scotland. It is often climbed as part of a full traverse of the Rùm Cuillin, a rocky range of hills in the south east corner of Rùm, of which Askival is the highest.
Coordinates: 56°58′27″N 6°17′30″W / 56.97424°N 6.29168°W / 56.97424; -6.29168
wn.com/Askival -
Beinn an Lochain
Beinn an Lochain is a mountain in the Arrochar Alps, southern Scotland, on the western edge of Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park. Although included in Sir Hugh Munro's original list of Scottish mountains over 3000 feet, subsequent surveys showed it to be significantly shorter than the 914.4 m cut-off limit required to count as a Munro. Nonetheless, it remains a popular mountain, and is often quoted as an example of an interesting mountain below 3000 feet to show that there is more to mountaineering in Scotland than just Munro-bagging.
Beinn an Lochain is usually climbed from the car park at Butterbridge, on the A83 road, at the head of Glen Kinglas. From there, the summit is reached after a 2.5 km walk along the mountain's north-east ridge, climbing over 700 m.
Coordinates: 56°13′49″N 4°52′35″W / 56.23015°N 4.87631°W / 56.23015; -4.87631
wn.com/Beinn_an_Lochain -
Beinn an Òir
Beinn an Òir (Gaelic: mountain of gold) is the highest peak of the Paps of Jura on the island of Jura, Scotland. It is the highest peak on the island, standing at 785 metres, and is thereby a Corbett.
Beinn an Òir is frequently climbed along with the other two peaks forming the Paps: Beinn Shiantaidh and Beinn a' Chaolais. The most usual route for this ascent starts from the bridge over the Corran River, and Beinn an Òir is invariably the second peak to be climbed, regardless of which order of peaks is chosen for the route. Alternatively, it is possible to avoid the other two peaks and climb Beinn an Òir from either of the bealachs that separate it from its neighbours.
Coordinates: 55°54′07″N 6°00′15″W / 55.90198°N 6.00423°W / 55.90198; -6.00423
wn.com/Beinn_an_Òir -
Beinn Fhada
Beinn Fhada (Scottish Gaelic: long mountain) or Ben Attow is a mountain in the Scottish Highlands.
The finest route up Beinn Fhada is from Morvich to the north-west. There is a direct line up a grassy, and rather boggy slope, from the east side of the River Croe. This leads eventually to a craggy and undulating ridge, which begins in a southerly direction over Sgurr a' Choire Ghairbh and then turns east across the wider expanse of the Plaide Mhòr to the summit. There is one short tricky section of downward scrambling on this ridge. An easy line of descent can be found, north-westwards from the summit, into Gleann Choinneachain. Total distance from Morvich is about 7 km, with around 1100 metres of ascent, including undulations.
Beinn Fhada has been dismissed by some guide writers as boring. It has two remarkable features: the Plaide Mor is the largest extent of ancient (preglacial) land surface to survive in the western Highlands, and is of Cairngorm character. And its SW slopes into Gleann Lichd are seamed for 3 km with trenches reaching 10m high and 800m long, a slope deformation which is the largest 'rock slope failure'in the Highlands. See Ballantyne CK and Jarman D (2007) in Mass Movements in Great Britain, JNCC, p56-62. Also article by David Jarman in The Scottish Mountaineer 2007/8.
wn.com/Beinn_Fhada -
Beinn Sgulaird
Beinn Sgulaird is a Scottish mountain located between Glen Creran and Glen Etive in the southern highlands. It has a height of 937 m (3074 ft) and is classed as a Munro. Its Gaelic name means "hat shaped hill", though it is more colloquially known to local shepherds as "the bastard".
The mountain takes the form of a long ridge which runs from southwest to northeast, three kilometres of which lie above 800 m.Hillwalkers commonly traverse the ridge from north to south, as this gives the best views of the Hebrides to the west, in particular the Isle of Mull. While most walkers start from Glen Creran to the west, an ascent from Glen Etive is also possible.
Coordinates: 56°33′58″N 5°10′06″W / 56.566085°N 5.168387°W / 56.566085; -5.168387
wn.com/Beinn_Sgulaird -
Beinn Ìme
Beinn Ìme (
/ˌbɛn ˈiːmə/) is the highest mountain in the Arrochar Alps, in the Southern Highlands of Scotland. There are three usual routes of ascent. From Succoth, one may follow the same path that is used to reach The Cobbler before taking the right fork near the base of the Cobbler's main crags and continuing up the valley, across the bealach and up Ben Ìme's eastern ridge. Alternatively, the summit can be reached from the pass of Rest and be Thankful and from the Loch Lomond side, using the private road that leads to Loch Sloy. Beinn Ìme separates the Dumbartonshire landscape of Loch Lomond in the East and the Argyll Highlands of Loch Fyne and Loch Goil anywhere north, west, south west. Beinn Ìme is the landmark to the entrance to Argyll.
Coordinates: 56°14′10″N 4°49′01″W / 56.23601°N 4.81704°W / 56.23601; -4.81704
wn.com/Beinn_Ìme -
Ben Alder
Ben Alder (Gaelic: Beinn Eallair) is the highest mountain in the remote area of the Scottish Highlands between Loch Ericht and Glen Spean. The vast summit plateau is home of one of Britain's highest bodies of standing water, Lochan a' Garbh Coire. It is the 25th highest Munro, and due to its remote location, one of the less frequently visited. Situated 19 km from Dalwhinnie and 15 km from Corrour railway station, it is commonly climbed in a two day expedition, usually taking in its lower neighbour, Beinn Bheoil. There are two bothies near to the mountain: Culra Lodge to the northeast and Ben Alder Cottage to the south, both potentially providing shelter for walkers in the area. Ben Alder Cottage is reputed to be haunted by the ghost of a ghillie who hanged himself from the rafters.
If a mountain bicycle is used on, or permission is obtained to drive on the track along the north west shore of Loch Ericht, Ben Alder is one of six Munros that a fit climber may be able to summit on a single late spring or early summer day.
wn.com/Ben_Alder -
Ben Chonzie
Ben Chonzie, also known as Ben-y Hone, (Gaelic Beinn a' Chòinnich, meaning "mossy mountain") is a Scottish mountain situated eleven kilometres northwest of Crieff. It stands at 931 m (3054 ft) and is therefore listed as a Munro. It is the highest point of a large area of moorland and rounded hills between Loch Earn and Loch Tay, and with a broad, flat summit and relatively few distinguishing features, it is often regarded as one of Scotland's least interesting Munros. It is most often climbed from Invergeldie (Comrie)to the southwest; however it can also be climbed from the southeast by way of Glen Turret. The latter is longer but presents walkers with a more interesting and scenic ascent, having an array of buttresses and cliffs which can be tackled by those who feel brave, or passed by on either side.Mountain hares (Lepus timidus, sub species Lepus timidus scoticus) can be seen around the plateau area if walkers are quiet and observant. There are also many other animals on the approaches to the Ben, including Buzzards, other birds of prey, and frogs and newts in the pools alongside the landrover track that runs up the eastern aspect of the loch. Deer may be seen on the slopes to the north of the Ben.
wn.com/Ben_Chonzie -
Ben Cruachan
Ben Cruachan (Gaelic: Cruach na Beinne) is a 1126 m mountain that is the highest point in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. It gives its name to the Cruachan Dam, a pumped-storage hydroelectric power station located in a cavern inside the mountain, Cruachan! is the Battle cry for Highland clans Campbell and MacIntyre.
It is the high point of a ring of mountains, known as the Cruachan Horseshoe, that surrounds the power station reservoir. The horseshoe includes a further Munro (Stob Diamh), a Corbett (Beinn a' Bhuiridh), and several subsidiary summits.
[1]
Coordinates: 56°25′34″N 5°07′58″W / 56.42618°N 5.13280°W / 56.42618; -5.13280
wn.com/Ben_Cruachan -
Ben Hope
Ben Hope (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Hòb) is a mountain in northern Scotland. It is the most northerly Munro, standing alone in the Flow Country (a region of bumpy, peat-covered moorland) south-east of Loch Hope in Sutherland. The mountain is a roughly triangular wedge, with a great crag on the west, with two lower shoulders to the south and northeast. Alpine flowers are abundant in season, although the ground is very rocky.
The principal route to the summit starts in Strathmore, to the west of the mountain, where there is parking on a small road. The route lies along the Allt-na-caillich burn which flows down through a gap in the west-facing crags. The route is steep, but well marked with cairns and not exposed. Approach from the east is rare, as there is a wide expanse of heather-covered moorland with no roads in that direction. Approach from the north is not possible for walkers, as there is no path between the crags.
On a clear day the view from the summit includes the Pentland Firth, Loch Eriboll and the nearby mountains of Arkle and Foinaven. The Orkney Islands are visible on a clear day.
wn.com/Ben_Hope -
Ben Klibreck
Ben Klibreck (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Clìbric) is a Scottish mountain located in central Sutherland. It is an isolated hill, rising above a large area of moorland. The highest point, Meall nan Con, rises to 962 m (3165 ft) and is therefore the second most northerly Munro after Ben Hope. The western side of the hill is a fairly uniform steep, heathery slope, while the eastern side has a series of large, grassy corries and has been described as having more character.
Numerous ascents of Ben Klibreck are possible. It can be climbed from Crask to the south or Altnaharra to the north, but the easiest and most popular route is from the A836 to the west, by way of Loch nan Uan and up steep slopes to the summit ridge, which is then followed to the summit.
Coordinates: 58°14′09″N 4°24′34″W / 58.235835°N 4.409435°W / 58.235835; -4.409435
wn.com/Ben_Klibreck -
Ben Loyal
Ben Loyal is an isolated mountain of 764 m in Sutherland, the northwestern tip of the Scottish Highlands. It is a Corbett located south of the Kyle of Tongue, and provides good views of the Kyle, Loch Loyal to the east, and Ben Hope to the west.
Ben Loyal is composed chiefly of granite, and has a distinctive shape due to the four rocky peaks, the highest of which is called An Caisteal. To the north of An Caisteal is the 712 m Sgòr Chaonasaid, to the south is Bheinn Bheag (744 m), which cannot be seen in the photograph opposite, and to the west is the ridge of Sgòr a Chèirich, 644 m at its highest point. The fourth peak in the picture is the 568 m Sgòr Fionnaich.
Ben Loyal is a part of Ben Loyal Estate, owned by the Chamberlain Count Adam Knuth of Knuthenborg, Denmark. Access is by a farm track which approaches from the north, starting at a farm called Ribigill (rented until the early 20th century by the family of British actor David Mitchell.)
Coordinates: 58°24′16″N 4°26′07″W / 58.40439°N 4.43517°W / 58.40439; -4.43517
wn.com/Ben_Loyal -
Ben Lui
Ben Lui (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Laoigh) is a mountain in the southern Highlands of Scotland, at the head of Glen Fyne. It has five well-defined ridges radiating out from the summit. Four corries lie between the ridges; including Coire Gaothaich which lies on the northeast side of the mountain.
Ben Lui is the highest and most famous of a group of four Munros that lie south of Glen Lochy, and about 10 km north of the top end of Loch Lomond. The other three peaks in the group are Beinn a' Chleibh, Ben Oss and Beinn Dubhchraig.
The Ben Lui range of peaks is designated as a National Nature Reserve. The cliffs and rocky outcrops are particularly moist, with lower than normal levels of acidity in the soil. This leads to an unusually lush growth of mountain plants, with saxifrages, mosses and lichens being especially evident.
The simplest and shortest ascent of Ben Lui may be made from Glen Lochy, near the point where the burn of Eas Daimh flows into the Lochy. A path leads up through an area of forestry and then onto the northwest ridge, reaching the summit in just over 3 km. Descent may be varied by visiting Beinn a’ Chleibh, which lies 2 km to the south west.
wn.com/Ben_Lui -
Ben Wyvis
Ben Wyvis (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Uais) is a mountain located in Easter Ross, Ross and Cromarty, Highland, in northern Scotland, north-west of Dingwall. It forms an undulating ridge running roughly north-south for about 5 km, the highest summit of which is Glas Leathad Mòr. Geologically, the ridge is composed of Moine pelitic gneiss.
The summit ridge is carpeted with the woolly hair moss Racomitrium lanuginosum, rather than the heather or grass found on most other Scottish mountains[citation needed], whilst the lower slopes support dwarf shrub heath and boglands. The heath and bogland is home to a variety of plants, including Dwarf Birch, Cloudberry, Dwarf Cornel and Alpine Bearberry. The site is an important breeding ground for the Eurasian Dotterel, and represents at least 2.4% of the breeding population in Great Britain [1]. The site is designated as both a National Nature Reserve and a Special Protection Area.
It is usually climbed from the west, as that side is easy of access from the A835 road. The lower slopes are forested, and owned by the Forestry Commission. The summit ridge itself is a National Nature Reserve.
wn.com/Ben_Wyvis -
Brittany
Brittany (French: Bretagne [bʁətaɲ] (
listen); Breton: Breizh, pronounced [brɛjs]; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a cultural region in the north-west of France. Previously a kingdom and then a duchy, Brittany was united to the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province. Brittany has also been referred to as Less, Lesser or Little Britain (as opposed to Great Britain). Brittany is considered as one of the six Celtic nations.
Brittany occupies the northwest peninsula of continental Europe in northwest France. It is bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Bay of Biscay to the south. Its land area is 34,023 km² (13,136 sq mi). The historical province of Brittany is divided into five departments: Finistère in the west, Côtes-d'Armor in the north, Ille-et-Vilaine in the north east, Loire-Atlantique in the south east and Morbihan in the south on the Bay of Biscay.
In 1956, French regions were created by gathering departments between them. The Region of Brittany comprises, since then, four of the five Breton departments (80% of historical Brittany), while the remaining area of the old Brittany, the Loire-Atlantique department, around Nantes, forms part of the Pays de la Loire region. This territorial organisation is regularly contested. The Kingdom and the Duchy of Brittany, the province of Brittany, and the modern Region of Brittany cover the Western part of Armorica, as it was known during the period of Roman occupation.
wn.com/Brittany -
Broad Law
Broad Law is the second highest hill in the wide expanse of hill country in Southern Scotland, the Southern Uplands. It has an elevation of 840 metres, a prominence of 653 metres (and thus is a "major") and an isolation of 80 kilometres. It is only ten feet lower than its parent, Merrick. Like many of its neighbours it is smooth, rounded and grassy, although the surrounding valleys have very steep sides — country somewhat akin to the Cheviots or the Howgill Fells. The hill may be climbed from any of the villages near its base, or as part of a long, 30-mile trek across the local area between the towns of Peebles and Moffat. There is a radio tower and a VOR beacon on the summit, one of the highest sites in Britain.
Coordinates: 55°29′52″N 3°21′12″W / 55.49779°N 3.35338°W / 55.49779; -3.35338
wn.com/Broad_Law -
Cadair Idris
Cadair Idris or Cader Idris is a mountain in Gwynedd, Wales, which lies at the southern end of the Snowdonia National Park. The peak, which is one of the most popular in Wales for walkers and hikers, is composed largely of Ordovician igneous rocks, with classic glacial erosion features such as cwms, moraines, striated rocks, and roches moutonnées.
The most widespread explanation for the name of the mountain is based on the fact that Cadair means "chair". Cadair Idris would thus translate as "the chair of Idris", and the Idris in question is usually taken to be a giant from Welsh mythology who was said to have used the mountain as an enormous armchair to gaze at the stars. Alternatively, it may refer to Idris ap Gwyddno (or Gweiddno), a 7th-century Meirionnydd prince who won a battle against the Irish on the mountain. The distinction is not entirely clear, since Idris ap Gwyddno was himself referred to as Idris Gawr ("Idris the Giant") in some mediaeval genealogies of Meirionydd. An alternative origin for the name of the mountain, which is more consistent with the story of Idris ap Gwyddno than that of the mythological giant, is Irish cathair, meaning "city" or "stronghold".
wn.com/Cadair_Idris -
Caernarfon
Coordinates: 53°08′N 4°16′W / 53.14°N 4.27°W / 53.14; -4.27
Caernarfon (/kərˈnɑrvən/; Welsh: [kaɨrˈnarvɔn]) is a Royal town, community and port in Gwynedd, Wales, with a population of 9,611. It lies along the A487 road, on the east banks of the Menai Straits, opposite the Isle of Anglesey. The city of Bangor is 8.6 miles (13.8 km) to the northeast, while Snowdonia fringes Caernarfon to the east and southeast. Caernarvon and Carnarvon are archaic anglicised spellings of Caernarfon, but used rarely.
Abundant natural resources in and around the Menai Straits enabled human habitation in the Caernarfon area during pre-history. The Ordovices were the Celtic tribe documented as living in this region during classical antiquity. The Roman fort called Segontium was established in about the year 80 to subjugate the Ordovices as part of the Roman conquest of Britain. The Romans were victorious and occupied the region until their departure in the 5th century, after which Caernarfon became part of the Kingdom of Gwynedd. In the 11th century, William I, King of England ordered the construction of a motte-and-bailey at Caernarfon, so as to fulfill the Norman invasion of Wales.
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Carnedd Dafydd
Carnedd Dafydd is a mountain peak in the Carneddau range in Snowdonia, North Wales, and is the third highest peak in Wales, or the fourth if Crib y Ddysgl on the Snowdon ridge is counted. Situated south-west of Carnedd Llewelyn and north of Pen yr Ole Wen, Carnedd Dafydd is on the main ridge of the Carneddau, and on the border between Gwynedd and Conwy. The average annual temperature of the mountain is around 3-4 °C.
Carnedd Dafydd rises to height of 1,044m (according to OS maps detail) and is usually climbed by first ascending Pen yr Ole Wen and then following the ridge along to Carnedd Dafydd, though it is also possible to make a direct ascent from Tal y Llyn Ogwen, first following the stream, Afon Lloer, to the mountain lake of Ffynnon Lloer then climbing up the slope to the summit.
Like most of the summits in the southern Carneddau, it has a flat, boulder-strewn summit plateau. Immediately to the north lie the crags of Ysgolion Duon, well-known to climbers.
The origin of its name, which translates as Dafydd's (or David's) cairn, like that of its neighbouring peak, Carnedd Llewelyn (Llywelyn's cairn), are named after Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the last independent prince of Wales, and his younger brother, Dafydd ap Gruffudd. The nearby peak Carnedd Lladron, commonly known as Carnedd Uchaf, has now been renamed by O.S. Carnedd Gwenllian in memory of Llywelyn's daughter Lady Gwenllian. Dafydd was captured at Nanhysglain, near Bera, on 21 June 1283; taken to Shrewsbury where he was hanged, drawn and quartered.
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Creach Bheinn
Note: There are other mountains in Scotland with the same name. This article is about the most prominent.
Creach Bheinn is a prominent mountain in the Ardgour area in the west of Scotland. It is less steep and even less frequently climbed than its northern neighbour, Garbh Bheinn, but the views to the south and west to the islands are open and extensive.
Compared with other hills in the Ardgour area, the slopes of Creach Bheinn are smooth. The best starting point is on the west side of the bridge at Glengalmadale. Parking is limited but sufficient for current demand. From there, a wet track followed by a boggy path lead up Glen Galmadale to the foot of the mountain, which is easily ascended. Alternatively, some or all of a horseshoe ridge can be included. The entire ridge, which includes two additional Marilyns, involves about 1500 metres of uphill climbing.
Near the summit there are ruins of a camp, which is thought to have been used by early surveyors.
Coordinates: 56°39′42″N 5°28′38″W / 56.66154°N 5.47716°W / 56.66154; -5.47716
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Creag Meagaidh
Creag Meagaidh is a mountain on the northern side of Glen Spean in Scotland. It is a complex mountain, taking the form of a flat summit plateau from which five ridges radiate, and is most famed for the cliffs surrounding the corrie of Coire Ardair on the north-eastern face. These crags are a renowned venue for winter and ice climbing, though being somewhat vegetated they are less suited to "normal" climbing.
The name Creag Meagaidh is sometimes anglicised (in a somewhat tongue in cheek manner) to "Craig Maggie". The name is also applied to refer to the neighbouring peaks of Stob Poite Coire Ardair and Carn Liath, which together may be termed the Creag Meagaidh range.
All three peaks in the range may be climbed from Aberarder on the A86 road by initially following the path leading up Coire Ardair, before striking north to the summit of Carn Liath. A circuit of the glen may be made by returning to Aberarder by way of Creag Meagaidh's east ridge. The most direct route to the summit of Creag Meagaidh ascends from the head of the corrie to reach a narrow gap between the crags known as The Window. The Window forms the bealach between Creag Meagaidh and Stob Poite Coire Ardair. Creag Meagaidh may also be climbed from Moy to the southeast.
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Càrn Mòr
Càrn Mòr is a mountain on the edge of the Rough Bounds of Knoydart in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. At a height of 829 metres (2,720 ft) it is classified as a Corbett whilst its prominence of 613 metres (2,011 ft) means it is also classified as a Marilyn. It is located in the Glen Dessary area approximately 26 kilometres (16 mi) from Fort William.
Càrn Mòr has moderate slopes on its eastern to southeastern side which become steep in a few places but are generally crag free. On the west to northwestern side however the hill is steep and craggy and therefore more characteristic of its neighbours in the Rough Bounds of Knoydart.
Càrn Mòr can be climbed from Strathan in the east via its east ridge, an approach which avoids the most difficult terrain found on the western side.
Coordinates: 56°57′43″N 5°27′02″W / 56.962053°N 5.450426°W / 56.962053; -5.450426
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Cùl Mòr
Cùl Mòr is a shapely, twin summited mountain in the far north west of Scotland whose higher summit is the highest point of Inverpolly. It is almost completely separated from its southern neighbour, Cùl Beag. Despite its higher altitude, it is less well known than two of its other neighbours, Suilven and Stac Pollaidh, but being higher, it commands spectacular views over these and many other neighbours.
Cùl Mòr is best approached from Knockan Crag, at NC189095, where there is parking space and from where a well maintained stalker's path leads to the foot of the Meallan Diomhain ridge. The route up this ridge is marked by cairns. From the top of this ridge, the most popular route bears right, over a broad saddle, before approaching the summit from the north east. The very last part of the ascent is quite steep and involves scrambling over boulders; otherwise this is an easy and comfortable mountain to climb. A slightly longer but possibly easier route can be found via the corrie that leads up to the col of Creag nan Calman, to the south west of the main summit.
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Elidir Fawr
Elidir Fawr is a mountain in Snowdonia, north Wales, the northernmost peak in the Glyderau.
To the north of the summit is a small lake, Marchlyn Mawr, which is the upper reservoir for Dinorwig power station, a pump-storage power station hidden inside the mountain. Water from this lake flows through huge tunnels into the lower reservoir Llyn Peris. From the north, Elidir Fawr is very prominent, and can appear to be higher than the higher mountains behind it.
From Llanberis, the mountain is dominated by the former Dinorwic slate quarries and the waste they have left behind.
It is a reasonably short, but steep walk up to the summit, and this can be undertaken from the Deiniolen side or from Nant Peris. The Deiniolen walk provides views down to Llanberis, while the Nant Peris approach is short and quite steep. The summit can also be reached from Ogwen Cottage via a traverse of Y Garn and Foel-goch. The route makes its way around the headwall of Cwm Dudodyn to Bwlch y Brecan and up to the rocky summit of Elidir Fawr.
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England
England
i/ˈɪŋɡlənd/ is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law—the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world—developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.
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English Channel
The English Channel (French: la Manche, Breton: Mor Breizh, Cornish: Mor Bretannek), often referred to simply as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. It is about 560 km (350 mi) long and varies in width from 240 km (150 mi) at its widest to 34 km (21 mi) in the Strait of Dover. It is the smallest of the shallow seas around the continental shelf of Europe, covering an area of some 75,000 km2 (29,000 sq mi).
The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the English Channel as follows:
On the West. A line joining Isle Vierge (48°38′23″N 4°34′13″W / 48.63972°N 4.57028°W / 48.63972; -4.57028) to Lands End (50°04′N 5°43′W / 50.067°N 5.717°W / 50.067; -5.717).
On the East. The Southwestern limit of the North Sea.
The IHO defines the southwestern limit of the North Sea as "a line joining the Walde Lighthouse (France, 1°55'E) and Leathercoat Point (England, 51°10'N)". The Walde Lighthouse is 6 km east of Calais (50°59′06″N 1°55′00″E / 50.985°N 1.9166667°E / 50.985; 1.9166667), and Leathercoat Point is at the north end of St Margaret's Bay, Kent (51°10′00″N 1°24′00″E / 51.1666667°N 1.4°E / 51.1666667; 1.4).
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Fionn Bheinn
Fionn Bheinn is a Scottish mountain located south of Loch Fannich in the north western highlands. It has a height of 933 m (3061 ft) and is listed as a Munro. The south side of the mountain is a shallow, smooth grassy slope, but its north face is steeper and is considered more impressive.
Fionn Bheinn is most often climbed from the village of Achnasheen to the south, with the normal route following the burn called Alit Achadh na Sine to the nose at Creagan na Laogh, and then up the grassy slopes to the summit. An ascent or descent via the east ridge is also common, this route giving better views of the north side of the mountain.
Coordinates: 57°36′41″N 5°06′05″W / 57.611462°N 5.101456°W / 57.611462; -5.101456
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Foinaven
Foinaven (Scottish Gaelic: Fionne Bheinn, IPA: [ˈfjuːɲə ˈvjeɲ]) is a mountain in Scotland, situated in the far north-west corner of the Scottish Highlands. Like many of the monolithic mountains that surround it, the mountain is within the Moine Thrust Belt and is made up of imbricated layers of Cambrian quartzite which overlie the older Lewisian gneiss basement. The quartzite, being tougher, stood firm when all the surrounding rock was eroded away, leaving the huge mountain isolated. Its highest point is named Ganu Mòr. Foinaven's smaller neighbour is Arkle. Foinaven was formerly thought, by some, to qualify as a Munro, but an accurate survey in 2007 confirmed that it falls twelve feet short of the required 3,000 ft [1]
Coordinates: 58°24′44″N 4°53′10″W / 58.41210°N 4.88603°W / 58.41210; -4.88603
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Gaor Bheinn
Gaor Bheinn, also known as Gulvain or Culvain, is a mountain in Scotland, to the north of the road west of Fort William (from which it is usually climbed), and south of Loch Arkaig. It is composed of banded granite and shaped like a letter Y, with two tops connected by a ridge running from northeast to southwest, with the northern top 6 m higher than the one to the south. Crags drop at either end, and steep slopes fall away to either side.
The south ridge path is really a stream bed, so in wet conditions an easier if longer ascent from Na Socachan is to walk up Allt a Choire Reidh towards Gualann nan Osna and climb the south top's north-west ridge.
Coordinates: 56°56′08″N 5°17′08″W / 56.93553°N 5.28558°W / 56.93553; -5.28558
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Garbh Bheinn
Garbh Bheinn is a steep mountain in the Ardgour area in the west of Scotland. It is much more prominent, in both a general and topographic sense, than many Munros, but because it is under 3000 feet and in a geographically isolated area, it is relatively infrequently climbed. Like other summits in the Ardgour area, it has been cited by those who deride the obsession with Munro bagging. From the summit, there are extensive views east to Ben Nevis and the mountains of Glen Coe, and west to several islands.
There are several possible routes of ascent. All of them are steep and likely to require scrambling in places. Although most present no technical difficulties in good conditions, careful route finding may be required when descending from the main summit, especially in mist. Most approaches start at the old bridge at the foot of its south east ridge, where there is parking space. From there, the best route of ascent may be up the crest of the ridge, or via a path to the north of this ridge and then up to the saddle between the main summit and its south east top. There are no constructed paths up or onto the ridge, but the boots of successive climbers have created steps which show and facilitate the way in some places, but disappear or are creating erosion in others.
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Garnedd Uchaf
Garnedd Uchaf (sometimes Carnedd Uchaf) is a minor summit of the Carneddau range in Snowdonia, Wales, and included in the Welsh 3000s. From the summit, distant views to the north can extend as far away towards Ireland and the Isle of Man, whereas to the South, views can extend as far South towards the Berwyn Ranges.
It lies between Foel Fras and Foel Grach, but is not always included in the Welsh 3000s, as its summit rises only slightly above the ridge. Its slopes, like all those in the northern Carneddau, are largely grassy, although they are steep. The slopes can receive significant accumulations of snow-drifts during blizzards in winter. In the past, snow beds have survived on the mountain as far as June. The annual average temperature on Garnedd Uchaf is relatively cold, ranging between 4-5 degrees celsius.
For some years there has been a campaign by the Princess Gwenllian Society to have the name of this peak changed to Carnedd Gwenllian. On 26 September 2009 the summit was officially renamed Carnedd Gwenllian, and the Ordnance Survey has agreed to use the dual name Carnedd Uchaf/Carnedd Gwenllian on its maps from 2010 onwards.
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Garnedd Ugain
Garnedd Ugain, sometimes incorrectly referred to as "Crib y Ddysgl", is a mountain in Wales that forms part of the Snowdon Horseshoe. It is the second highest peak in Wales, and lies just under one kilometre north of Snowdon itself.
Both Garnedd Ugain and Crib y Ddysgl appear on the Ordnance Survey's maps of the area. The name Crib Y Ddysgl refers to the east ridge whilst the summit is Garnedd or Carnedd Ugain.
Crib y Ddysgl (meaning "ridge of the dish" in Welsh) is the name used by Alan Dawson for the peak's listing as a Hewitt.
Carnedd Ugain in Welsh means "Cairn of the Twenty" (the form Garnedd is the result of soft mutation). This was named after the Roman legion based in Caernarfon.
The web pages of the Welsh Mountaineering Club suggest that the name could also be a corruption of "Carnedd Wgon", and so named after the prince Wgon sung of by Dafydd ap Gwilym or possibly after the 13th century poet Gwgon Brydydd.
Coordinates: 53°04′30″N 4°04′35″W / 53.07499°N 4.07633°W / 53.07499; -4.07633
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Gleouraich
Gleouraich (Scottish Gaelic: Gleadhraich) is a Scottish mountain located to the north of Loch Quoich in the north western highlands. It has a height of 1035 m (3396 ft) and is classed as a Munro. The mountain's main aspects contrast with each other; the south side of the mountain is a gentle, grassy slope, but its north face is steep, dark rock, with a complex array of ridges and corries.
The mountain is separated from its neighbour, Spidean Mialach, by a high ridge, and the two are commonly climbed together from the south, making use of the network of stalker's paths. The ascents of the two mountains are considered to be among the easiest in the area.
Coordinates: 57°05′51″N 5°14′12″W / 57.097447°N 5.236745°W / 57.097447; -5.236745
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Glyder Fach
Glyder Fach is a mountain in Snowdonia, north-west Wales, and is the second highest of the Glyderau and the sixth highest in Wales. Routes to the summit lead from Tryfan and Bristly Ridge to the north, via Glyder Fawr from Pen-y-Pass to the south, and along the Glyder ridge to the east, towards Capel Curig. It is a popular spot for climbers.
According to Sir Ifor Williams, the word "Glyder" derives from the Welsh word "Gludair", meaning a heap of stones.
Situated near the summit is the Cantilever Stone, a large rock which from the correct angle appears to be precariously balanced, making it a popular place for photographs. Another notable feature, west of the summit, is Castell y Gwynt, (Castle of the Wind), a spiky rocky outcrop.
Bristly Ridge is a grade 1 scramble in Snowdonia. It is located on the north side of Glyder Fach. Consensus puts the difficulty at Grade 1, but it is at the upper end of the grade and some lines qualify as Grade 2. There are some exposed and steep sections of climbing, particularly the upper pitch of Sinister Gully and in Great Pinnacle Gap. However these sections may be bypassed in favour of easier lines, reducing the overall difficulty to Grade 1.
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Gwynedd
Gwynedd (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈɡwɨ̞nɛð]) is an area in north-west Wales, named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd. As a local government area it is the second biggest in terms of geographical area and also one of the most sparsely populated. A large proportion of the population is Welsh-speaking. The name Gwynedd is also used for a preserved county, covering the two local government areas of Gwynedd and the Isle of Anglesey. Culturally and historically, the name can also be used for most of North Wales (for instance, the area covered by the Gwynedd Constabulary), corresponding to the approximate territory of the Kingdom of Gwynedd at its greatest extent.
Gwynedd is the home of Bangor University and includes the scenic Llŷn Peninsula, and most of the Snowdonia National Park.
Gwynedd was an independent kingdom from the end of the Roman period until the 13th Century when it was conquered and subjugated by England. The modern Gwynedd was one of eight Welsh counties originally created on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, based on the principal territory of the former realm. It covered the entirety of the old counties of Anglesey, and Caernarfonshire along with all of Merionethshire apart from Edeirnion Rural District (which went to Clwyd), and also a few parishes in Denbighshire: Llanrwst, Llansanffraid Glan Conwy, Eglwysbach, Llanddoged, Llanrwst and Tir Ifan.
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Ireland
Coordinates: 53°20′N 08°00′W / 53.333°N 8°W / 53.333; -8
Ireland (pronounced [ˈaɪrlənd] ( listen); Irish: Éire [ˈeːɾʲə] ( listen); Ulster Scots: Airlann or Airlan) is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth. To its east is the larger island of Great Britain, from which it is separated by the Irish Sea.
Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.4 million. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.
Relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain epitomise Ireland's geography with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the island until the 17th century. Today, it is one of the most deforested areas in Europe. There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland.
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man ( /ˈmæn/; Manx: Ellan Vannin, pronounced [ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn]), otherwise known simply as Mann (Manx: Mannin, IPA: [ˈmanɪn]), is a self-governing Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although the United Kingdom does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is ultimately the responsibility of the Crown (that is, in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. Gaelic cultural influence began in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. A Norse-Gaelic culture arose and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland as formalised by the Treaty of Perth. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal overlordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1764 but the island never became part of Great Britain or its successor the United Kingdom and retained its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency.
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Llanberis
Coordinates: 53°07′10″N 4°07′52″W / 53.11931°N 4.13112°W / 53.11931; -4.13112
Llanberis is a village in Gwynedd, North Wales, lying on the southern banks of Llyn Padarn in Snowdonia. It takes its name from Saint Peris, an early Welsh saint.
According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, the population of Llanberis was 1,954. The census also revealed that 81% of the population speak Welsh fluently, with all of those aged 10–15 able to speak the language.
The village originally grew around the slate quarrying industry, but since the closure of the quarries the main employers have been tourism, the Dinorwig power station, a pumped storage hydroelectric station, Siemens Diagnostics and DMM. The ruins of Dolbadarn Castle, built by Llywelyn ap Iorwerth in the 13th century, stand above the village, famously painted by Richard Wilson and J.M.W. Turner.
Llanberis is a popular base for ascents of Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa in Welsh), the highest mountain in Wales and England. The Llanberis Path begins in the village, and although one of the longest routes, it is therefore the shallowest and hence the easiest. It is the most popular walking route to the summit, largely following the line of the Snowdon Mountain Railway.
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Llangollen
Coordinates: 52°58′12″N 3°10′12″W / 52.970°N 3.170°W / 52.970; -3.170
Llangollen (Welsh pronunciation: [ɬaŋˈɡɔɬɛn]) is a small town and community in Denbighshire, north-east Wales, situated on the River Dee and on the edge of the Berwyn mountains. It has a population of 3,412.
Llangollen takes its name from Saint Collen (from the Welsh llan meaning 'church' or 'saint' or perhaps 'holy') and Collen, a 6th century monk who founded a church beside the river there. St Collen is said to have arrived in Llangollen by coracle. As there are no other churches in Wales dedicated to St. Collen, it is possible that this St. Collen may also have connections in both Colan, Cornwall and Langolen, Brittany.
Standing high above the town to the north is Castell Dinas Bran, the former stronghold of the Princes of Powys. Beyond the castle is the limestone escarpment known as the Eglwyseg Rocks. The outcrop continues north to the area known as World's End. The area nearest to the castle is the Panorama Walk, and a monument to local poet I.D. Hooson (from the nearby village of Rhosllanerchrugog) can be found there.
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Lochnagar
Lochnagar or Beinn Chìochan is a mountain in the Grampians of Scotland, located about five miles south of the River Dee near Balmoral.
Technically, the English name is a misunderstanding, being named after Lochan na Gaire, the 'little loch of the noisy sound', a loch to be found in the mountain's northeast corrie. Today the lochan is popularly called Lochnagar too. The summit itself is usually referred to as Cac Càrn Beag, meaning "small cairn of faeces" in Scottish Gaelic.
Beinn Chìochan (mountain of breasts) is an alternative Gaelic name.
The mountain's principal feature is a north-facing corrie around which most of the subsidiary tops as well as the main peak sit. The mountain is a Munro and is popular with hillwalkers at all times of the year. The most common ascent route is from Glen Muick. Care should be taken on the summit in poor visibility: the plateau has few obvious features and has steep cliffs on its northern edge.
Lochnagar is located on the Royal Estate of Balmoral, and the mountain itself has royal links. It is the setting for a children's story, The Old Man of Lochnagar, originally told by Prince Charles to his younger brothers, Andrew and Edward, and published in 1980 with royalties donated to The Prince's Trust.
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Moel Hebog
Moel Hebog (Welsh for Bare Hill of the Hawk) is a mountain in Snowdonia, north Wales which dominates the view west from the village of Beddgelert. It gives name to a whole range of peaks in the north-western corner of Snowdonia, which include the Nantlle Ridge and Mynydd Mawr.
From that side, Moel Hebog has a rocky face with a distinctive pointed summit, although from other sides, it appears more rounded. The exposed rock means that it is often visited by students of geology. Much of the mountain consists of welded, fiamme rich rhyolitic tuff.
It is often climbed from Beddgelert and it can be combined with the nearby mountains of Moel yr Ogof and Moel Lefn for a longer walk. This route, however, does involve some easy scrambling.
On Moel yr Ogof can be found Owain Glyndŵr's Cave. The view of Moel Hebog and Llyn Gwynant from the north near Snowdon is one of the most photographed in Snowdonia.
The Moel Hebog Group contains the following (main) summits:
Coordinates: 53°00′01″N 4°08′23″W / 53.00014°N 4.13980°W / 53.00014; -4.13980
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Nant Gwynant
Nant Gwynant is a valley in north Wales. The A498 road descends 600 feet (180 m) into the valley in about two miles (3 km) from Pen-y-Gwryd; it follows the Nant Cynnyd, the Afon Glaslyn and alongside Llyn Gwynant, then beside the Nant Gwynant river to Llyn Dinas and passing below Dinas Emrys to Beddgelert. The road continues through the Aberglaslyn Pass to Porthmadog.
The upper section of Nant Gwynant, from the site of the Roman fort and marching camp situated at the junction with the modern A4086 Caernarfon to Capel Curig road, follows the valley of Nant Cynnyd to a viewpoint (in about a mile) overlooking the Cwm Dyli hydro-electric power station, which was built over 100 years ago by the North Wales Power and Traction Company to supply electricity to the Portmadoc, Beddgelert and South Snowdon Railway that failed before it was completed. The power station however still uses the waters of Llyn Llydaw to generate electricity for the National Grid (UK).
A mile further and the road passes Hafod Lwyfog, the summer homestead built in the 1540s, the birthplace of Sir John Williams, goldsmith to King James I, who in 1610 presented the Church of St Mary in Beddgelert with a fine chalice. In 1938, the then owner, Clough Williams-Ellis presented part of the Hafod Lwyfog land to the National Trust in anticipation of the establishment of the Snowdonia National Park. A campsite now operates at the head of Llyn Gwynant, and the balance of the farm is managed as a conservation estate by descendants of Sir Clough Williams-Ellis.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann pronounced [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] ( listen), Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann or Norlin Airlan) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland. It shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. As of 2001, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom. Since the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, Northern Ireland is largely self-governing. According to the agreement, Northern Ireland co-operates with the rest of Ireland – from which it was partitioned in 1921 — on some policy areas, while other areas are reserved for the Government of the United Kingdom, though the Republic of Ireland "may put forward views and proposals".
Northern Ireland was for many years the site of a violent and bitter inter-communal conflict — the Troubles — which was caused by divisions between nationalists, who are predominantly Roman Catholic, and unionists, who are predominantly Protestant. Unionists want Northern Ireland to remain as a part of the United Kingdom, and generally see themselves as British, while nationalists wish for it to be politically reunited with the rest of Ireland, independent of British rule, and generally see themselves as Irish. Additionally, people from both sides of the community may describe themselves as Northern Irish. Since 1998, most of the paramilitary groups involved in the Troubles have ceased their armed campaigns.
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Ordnance Survey
Ordnance Survey (Welsh: Arolwg Ordnans), an executive agency and non-ministerial government department of the Government of the United Kingdom, is the national mapping agency for Great Britain, producing maps of Great Britain (and to an extent, the Isle of Man), and one of the world's largest producers of maps with a particular both historical and architectural form in the maps resulting from the conflict at both local and world level of the scales of maps known from the 19th Century as the 'Battle of the Scales'.
The name reflects its creation together with the original military purpose of the organisation (see ordnance and surveying) in the first instance in mapping Scotland at the time of the creation of the British United Kingdom following many centuries of conflict and confirmed later during the Napoleonic Wars when there was a threat of invasion from France, and its logo includes the War Department's broad arrow heraldic mark. Ordnance Survey mapping is usually classified as 'large scale' (i.e. showing more detail) or 'small scale'. Large-scale mapping comprises maps at six inches to the mile or more (1:10,560, superseded by 1:10,000 in the 1950s); it was available in sheet-map form till the 1980s, since when it has become digital. Small-scale mapping comprises maps at fewer than six inches to the mile and includes the "leisure maps", such as the popular one inch to the mile and its metric successors, still available in traditional sheet-map form. Ordnance Survey of Great Britain maps are in copyright for 50 years after publication date. Some of the Copyright Libraries hold complete or near-complete collections of pre-digital O.S. mapping.
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Pen yr Ole Wen
Pen yr Ole Wen is the seventh highest mountain in Snowdonia and in Wales. It is the most southerly of the Carneddau range.
The mountain lies to the north of Idwal Cottage youth hostel on the A5 road, from where it has a pyramidal appearance. It may be climbed from the hostel by a path that leads directly up the south west "corner", climbing 675 m in about 1.5 km (i.e. an average gradient of nearly 1 in 2). A slightly easier ascent involves starting from Tal-y-Llyn Ogwen, about a mile north-east from the hostel, following the stream until nearing the outflow from the mountain lake Ffynnon Lloer and then branching left to take the path up the ridge.
For many years the mountain's name was translated as "Head of the White Light", the interpretation of which was a mystery. However in 2004 Professor Hywel Wyn Owen at the Place-Name Research Centre at Bangor University in Bangor, Gwynedd resolved the matter saying that Ole comes from Goleddf, which means slope or hillside, making the correct English translation: "Head of the White Slope".
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Pistyll Rhaeadr
Pistyll Rhaeadr (Welsh pronunciation: [pɪstɪɬ r̥aeadr], meaning "spring of the waterfall") is a waterfall, located a few miles from the village of Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant in Powys, Wales, twelve miles west of Oswestry.
Pistyll Rhaeadr is formed by the Afon Disgynfa's falling, in three stages, over a 240-foot (73 m)Silurian cliff-face, after which the river is known as the Afon Rhaeadr. The tallest stage is estimated at about 40 metres. It is counted as one of the Seven Wonders of Wales and is a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The 19th-century author George Borrow, in his book Wild Wales, remarked of the waterfall: "What shall I liken it to? I scarcely know, unless it is to an immense skein of silk agitated and disturbed by tempestuous blasts, or to the long tail of a grey courser at furious speed. I never saw water falling so gracefully, so much like thin, beautiful threads as here."
There is car parking space at the foot of the waterfall for people who want to explore the waterfall, with a café and a B&B alongside.
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Porthmadog
Coordinates: 52°55′35″N 4°07′57″W / 52.926525°N 4.132553°W / 52.926525; -4.132553
Porthmadog ( /pɔrθˈmædɒɡ/; Welsh pronunciation: [pɔrθˈmadoɡ]), known locally as "Port", and historically rendered into English as Portmadoc, is a small coastal town and community in the Eifionydd area of Gwynedd, in Wales. Prior to the Local Government Act 1972 it was in the administrative county of Caernarfonshire. The town lies 5 miles (8 km) east of Criccieth, 11 miles (18 km) south west of Blaenau Ffestiniog, 25 miles (40 km) north of Dolgellau and 20 miles (32 km) south of Caernarfon. It has a population of 4,187.
The town developed in the 19th century as a port exporting slate to England. Since the decline of the slate industry it has become an important shopping centre for the surrounding area and a popular tourist destination. It has easy access to the Snowdonia National Park and is the terminus of the Ffestiniog Railway. In 1987 the National Eisteddfod was held in Porthmadog.
The community includes the nearby villages of Borth-y-Gest, Morfa Bychan and Tremadog.
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Rhyd Ddu
Coordinates: 53°03′16″N 4°08′10″W / 53.0544°N 4.136°W / 53.0544; -4.136
Rhyd Ddu is a small village in Snowdonia, North Wales which is well known as a popular starting point for walks up Snowdon (via the Rhyd Ddu Path), Moel Hebog, Yr Aran and the Nantlle Ridge.
Rhyd Ddu railway station is one of the stops of the Welsh Highland Railway between Caernarfon and Porthmadog.
T. H. Parry-Williams, the poet, author and academic was born and raised at Rhyd Ddu. He twice won both the Chair and the Crown at the National Eisteddfod, in 1912 and 1915.
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Schiehallion
Schiehallion (Scottish Gaelic: Sìdh Chailleann) is a prominent mountain in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Schiehallion has a rich botanical life, interesting archaeology, and a unique place in scientific history for an 18th-century experiment in 'weighing the world'. The mountain's popularity amongst walkers led to erosion on its footpath and extensive repairs were undertaken in 2001.
The name Schiehallion is an anglicised form of the Gaelic name Sìdh Chailleann, usually translated as 'Fairy Hill of the Caledonians' but may also be translated as 'The Maiden's Pap', or 'Constant Storm'.
Schiehallion lies between Loch Tay and Loch Tummel, 10 miles north of Aberfeldy in Perthshire. The mountain (3547 ft/1083m) is isolated from other peaks and has an almost perfect conical shape from the west. The view of the broad eastern flank attracts many visitors to the shores of Loch Tummel.
Schiehallion is sometimes described as the centre of Scotland. The justification is that the line of latitude midway between the most northerly and southerly points on the Scottish mainland, and the line of longitude midway between the most easterly and westerly points, intersect very near the summit of Schiehallion.
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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.
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Sgorr Ruadh
Sgorr Ruadh is a mountain situated in the mountainous area between Strath Carron and Glen Torridon in Wester Ross in the Highland Region of Scotland. It is located in Coire Lair near Achnashellach along with two other fine mountains, Beinn Liath Mhòr and Fuar Tholl, and is often climbed in conjunction with one or both of these other mountains.
Sgurr Ruadh is an attractive peak with Munro status which reaches a height of 962 metres (3156 feet), it is made up of red sandstone (hence its translated name of Red Peak) and shows many of the characteristics of the Torridon Hills to the west, in that it has steep terraced buttresses and considerable scree slopes. The north west face has precipitous cliffs which should be avoided by walkers, although these crags attract rock climbers with around 20 recognised traditional and winter climbs. The centre of the crag is split by a large couloir (gully). There are plenty of easier routes on the crag.
Direct ascents of Sgorr Ruadh are usually started from Achnashellach in Glen Carron, although it is possible to approach from Glen Torridon on a considerably longer and rougher route. From Achnnashellach the right of way which goes up Coire Lair to Torridon is taken for two kilometres where a cairn indicates a path bearing left which crosses the River Lair (the river often requires wading) and climbs to the top of the Bhealaich Mhoir, the pass between Sgorr Ruadh and Fuar Tholl . From the top of the bhealaich it is a 275 metre climb to the summit by-passing the many buttresses and gullies on the way.
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Sgùrr Dhòmhnuill
Sgurr Dhòmhnuill or Sgurr Dhòmhnaill is a mountain in western Scotland. The summit lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) north-east of Strontian. Although less than Munro-height, it is one of Britain's biggest mountains in terms of relative height, since it is the highest peak on the Ardgour peninsula.
Coordinates: 56°45′14″N 5°27′17″W / 56.75386°N 5.45461°W / 56.75386; -5.45461
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Sgùrr Fhuaran
Sgùrr Fhuaran is a Scottish mountain that is situated on the northern side of Glen Shiel, 23 kilometres (14 mi) east south east of Kyle of Lochalsh.
The mountain reaches a height of 1,067 metres (3,501 ft) and qualifies as a Munro and a Marilyn, it is the highest point for a significant distance, having a sizeable topographic prominence of 663 metres (2,175 ft) and gives extensive views from its summit.
The meaning of the mountain’s name is obscure. Sgùrr Fhuaran may mean "Peak of the wells or springs" and many streams issue from the mountains slopes. Another possible meaning proposed is that the proper name is Sgùrr Urain, the Peak of Odhran, named after a disciple of Columba. The mountain is referred to in the slogan "Sgùrr Uaran" of Clan Macrae (which occupied lands in the Kintail area).
Sgùrr Fhuaran is one of three mountains that make up the Five Sisters of Kintail (the other two being Sgùrr na Ciste Duibhe and Sgùrr na Càrnach) and when seen from Màm Ratagan above Loch Duich, the Five Sisters are one of the best known views in the Western Highlands of Scotland. The legend of the Five Sisters of Kintail tells the story of seven sisters, daughters of a local farmer, two of whom married visiting brothers who said they would send their five other brothers for the remaining five sisters to wed. However, no one returned and the five remaining sisters agreed for a local wizard to transform them into peaks in order to preserve their beauty while they waited.
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Sgùrr Ghiubhsachain
Sgùrr Ghiubhsachain is a the mountain in the Lochaber area in the west of Scotland. Its summit is the highest point in a group of mountains that stand south of Glenfinnan, to the south east of the northern part of Loch Shiel. It is considerably lower than the nearby Nevis range, but it is a long way from a public road. Its slopes are steep and rugged on all sides and are devoid of paths. Despite easy access to the trail head from the road from Fort William to Mallaig, an individual or party that climbs this mountain may be alone there, even on a fine day in the summer.
The best starting point is a car park at Callop, which is close to the A830 road which connects Fort William and Mallaig. From here, there are two possible routes, via the banks of Loch Shiel, or via the Allt na Cruaiche.
From Callop, a forestry vehicle track heads westwards, then continues south west along the banks of Loch Shiel. Those returning by the same route can save time by using a bicycle. After about 6 km, this track reaches a small cottage at Guesachan, from where the north ridge can be ascended. The ridge is steep and craggy, and may require scrambling in places. The guidebooks recommend bypassing the lower part of the ridge via the Allt Coire Ghiubhsachain, but not all authorities agree that this is necessary. After gaining a subsidiary summit at an elevation of about 820 metres, the route continues along a short ridge via a minor col to the main summit, which is marked by a large cairn.
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Sgùrr na Coinnich
Sgùrr na Coinnich is the highest peak on the Sleat peninsula at the east end of the island of Skye. Together with its slightly lower neighbour, Beinn na Caillich, it overlooks the Skye Bridge that links the towns of Kyle of Lochalsh and Kyleakin.
The maps suggest that the best starting point is the 278 metre Bealach Uday, which marks the highest point of the minor road from Broadford to Kylerhea and is less than 2 km from the summit. But the terrain immediately to the north of this point is very rough and covered by thick heather. A series of small but steep local ridges, separated by bogs and oriented perpendicular to the direction of the summit add further to the discomfort of the climber. An alternative and probably easier, albeit longer, route starts at Kylerhea and can include the summit of Beinn na Caillich. Higher up, the terrain becomes smoother and the vegetation shorter.
Coordinates: 57°14′11″N 5°42′37″W / 57.23651°N 5.71024°W / 57.23651; -5.71024
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Sgùrr na Cìche
Sgùrr na Cìche is a mountain in the Knoydart region, in the west of Scotland. It lies on the edge of Knoydart in an area known as the Rough Bounds of Knoydart.
The peak has a distinctive pointy shape, making it a recognisable object in views from many of Scotland's mountains, including Càrn Eige and Ben Nevis. Its close neighbours include Ladhar Bheinn and The Saddle, but thanks to the deep gulf separating it from them, it has a high prominence — the 25th highest in Britain.
Sgùrr na Cìche may be climbed from the head of Loch Nevis on the southern side of Knoydart by following the ridge of Druim a' Ghoirtein. However, due to the remoteness of the Knoydart peninsula, it is more commonly climbed as part of a circuit from the head of Glen Dessarry, via a route that also takes in the neighbouring Munros of Garbh Cìoch Mhòr and Sgùrr nan Coireachan.
Coordinates: 57°00′46″N 5°27′26″W / 57.01270°N 5.45718°W / 57.01270; -5.45718
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Sgùrr na Lapaich
Sgurr na Lapaich is a mountain in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland, situated north of Loch Mullardoch in the high ground that separates Glen Cannich and Glen Strathfarrar. The mountain reaches a height of 1,150 metres (3,773 feet), and is the fourth highest mountain north of the Great Glen. There is no higher ground to the north of it in Great Britain.
With a topographic prominence of 839 metres, Sgurr na Lapaich is the highest point for some considerable distance and is a fine viewpoint. The mountain is particularly well seen from the east; it is a prominent landmark as far away as the Moray Firth, some thirty miles away, from where locals use it as a guide for the weather forecast.
It should not be confused with another Sgurr na Lapaich, an outlying "top" of Mam Sodhail.
The name Sgurr na Lapaich means "Peak of the Bog" in Gaelic. This could be somewhat misleading, as it is a fine mountain with long ridges, deep corries and lochans, culminating in a fine rocky peak. The mountain is linked by ridges to the adjoining Munros of An Riabhachan to the west and to Càrn nan Gobhar to the east.
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Sgùrr nan Eugallt
Sgùrr nan Eugallt is the highest of a well defined group of mountains that lie south of Loch Hourn, stretching from Barrisdale to Loch Quoich. Although its summit is lower than many nearby neighbours, it is cut off from all its higher neighbours by a ring of deep glens. Despite being in a very wild and remote area, it can be easily ascended from a ruined roadside cottage 4 km to the east of its summit, where there is limited parking space. But the road is single track and the cottage is 20 miles from the nearest main road. Due to its isolation and insufficient height to qualify for Munro's Tables, Sgùrr nan Eugallt is infrequently climbed.
An old stalkers' path from the ruined cottage should guide the climber to a point just below a ridge at about 650 metres. The path was well built in its time but some sections have become wet and slippery. On gaining the ridge, turn left and follow the ridge to the 894 m triangulation point. The ridge becomes steep near the top but the steepest section can be bypassed. Contrary to the implication of the 1:50,000 Landranger map, several websites and the 1990 edition of the Scottish Mountaineering Club publication The Corbetts and other Scottish Hills, the true summit lies about 600 metres to the north west of the triangulation point. List tickers should therefore turn right along the main ridge of the range and continue for about 600 metres to the main summit, which is not shown on any map. About 300 m further along the ridge is an 881 m summit, which is shown on topographic maps.
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Sgùrr Thuilm
Sgùrr Thuilm is a mountain in the Glenfinnan area of the Highlands of Scotland. It stands at the head of Glen Finnan approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Loch Shiel.
Sgùrr Thuilm reaches a height of 963 metres (3,159 ft) and is classified as a Munro. The mountain also qualifies as a Marilyn with a significant prominence of 614 metres (2,014 ft). It is positioned at the head of Glen Finnan and is invariably climbed along with the neighbouring Munro of Sgùrr nan Coireachan to which it is joined by a rocky ridge. It lies just outwith the Rough Bounds of Knoydart but shares many of the characteristics of the mountains of that region.
The name translates from the Gaelic as Rocky peak of the hillock.
Sgùrr Thuilm is a steep sided, craggy mountain positioned at the eastern end of a winding ridge which also contains the Munro Sgùrr nan Coireachan and several other less prominent peaks. This ridge encloses Coire Thollaidh, in which the River Finnan has its source.. The north side of the mountain is craggy with several coires dropping towards Glen Pean. To the south and east is the narrow Gleann Cuirnean which divides Sgùrr Thuilm from Streap, a neighbouring Corbett.
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Slioch
Slioch (Scottish Gaelic: Sleaghach) is a mountain in the Scottish Highlands situated in Wester Ross, eight kilometres north of the village of Kinlochewe. Slioch reaches a height of 981 metres (3218 feet) and towers above the south east end of Loch Maree to give one of the best known and most photographed sights (from the A832 road) in the Highlands. VisitScotland, the Scottish national tourist agency, has used video footage of Slioch in its television advertisements.
The mountain is composed of Torridonian sandstone on a base of Lewisian Gneiss and has steep crags on three sides and allows easy access for the walker only from the south east where the large open corrie of Coire na Sleaghaich has two ridges on its flanks which the walker can utilise. The mountain's name comes from the Gaelic word “sleagh” and means “the spear” and this only becomes obvious when Slioch is viewed from Lochan Fada to the west, from here the subsidiary top of Sgurr an Tuill Bhain (Peak of the White Hollow) (933 metres) dominates as a slender peak and gives the mountain its name. Wild goats are often seen on the mountain.
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Snowdon
Snowdon (Welsh: Yr Wyddfa, pronounced [əɾ ˈwɪðva]) is the highest mountain in Wales, at an altitude of 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles outside Scotland. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri) in Gwynedd, and has been described as "probably the busiest mountain in Britain". It is designated as a national nature reserve for its rare flora and fauna.
The rocks that form Snowdon were produced by volcanoes in the Ordovician period, and the massif has been extensively sculpted by glaciation, forming the pyramidal peak of Snowdon and the arêtes of Crib Goch and Y Lliwedd. The cliff faces on Snowdon, including Clogwyn Du'r Arddu, are significant for rock climbing, and the mountain was used by Edmund Hillary in training for the 1953 ascent of Mount Everest.
Snowdon boasts some of the best views in Britain, and the summit can be reached by a number of well-known paths. The summit can also be reached on the Snowdon Mountain Railway, a rack and pinion railway opened in 1896 which carries passengers the 4.7 miles (7.6 km) from Llanberis to the summit station. The summit also houses a visitor centre called Hafod Eryri, built in 2006 to replace one built in the 1930s.
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Snowdon Massif
Coordinates: 53°05′05″N 4°05′14″W / 53.0846°N 4.0872°W / 53.0846; -4.0872
The Snowdon Massif is one of the three mountain groups in Snowdonia, north Wales, to include mountains over 3,000 feet (914 m) high. It occupies the area between Beddgelert, Pen-y-Pass and Llanberis. It is surrounded by the Glyderau to the north-east, Moel Siabod to the east, the Moelwynion to the south, Moel Hebog, the Nantlle Ridge and Mynydd Mawr to the west, and by flatter land leading down to Caernarfon and the Menai Strait to the north-west.
The Snowdon Horseshoe is the name given to the semi-circular ring of ridges and peaks on Snowdon's eastern side, i.e. facing down Dyffryn Mymbyr towards Capel Curig. The peaks in the Horseshoe are those of Y Lliwedd, Snowdon, Garnedd Ugain and Crib Goch.
All the peaks listed here are Hewitts; those marked with an asterisk are also Marilyns.
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Snowdonia
Snowdonia (Welsh: Eryri) is a region in north Wales and a national park of 823 square miles (2,130 km2) in area. It was the first to be designated of the three National Parks in Wales, in 1951.
The English name for the area derives from Snowdon, which is the highest mountain in Wales at 3,560 ft (1,085 m). In Welsh, the area is named Eryri. One assumption is that the name is derived from eryr ("eagle"), but others state that it means quite simply Highlands, as leading Welsh scholar Sir Ifor Williams proved. In the Middle Ages the title Prince of Wales and Lord of Snowdonia (Tywysog Cymru ac Arglwydd Eryri) was used by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd; his grandfather Llywelyn Fawr used the title Prince of north Wales and Lord of Snowdonia.
Prior to the designation of the boundaries of the National Park, the term "Snowdonia" was generally used to refer to a much smaller area, namely the upland area of northern Gwynedd centred on the Snowdon massif, whereas the national park covers an area more than twice that size extending far to the south into Meirionnydd. This is apparent in books published prior to 1951 such as the classic travelogue Wild Wales by George Borrow (1862) and The Mountains of Snowdonia by H. Carr & G. Lister (1925). F. J. North, as editor of the book Snowdonia (1949), states "When the Committee delineated provisional boundaries, they included areas some distance beyond Snowdonia proper." The traditional Snowdonia thus includes the ranges of Snowdon and its satellites, the Glyderau, the Carneddau and the Moel Siabod group. It does not include the hills to the south of Maentwrog. As Eryri (see above), this area has a unique place in Welsh history, tradition and culture.
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Stob Coire Easain
Stob Coire Easain is a Scottish Munro mountain which reaches a height of 1115 metres (3658 feet), situated 18 kilometres east of Fort William. It stands on the western side of Loch Treig, along with its "twin", the Munro Stob a' Choire Mheadhoin (1105 metres). Collectively the pair are called "The Easains" or the "Stob Corries" and stand just one kilometre apart connected by a high col with an approximate height of 965 metres. The fine corrie of Coire Easain Beag lies in between the two mountains facing north west. Stob Coire Easain’s name translates from the Gaelic as “Peak of the Corrie of the Little Waterfall”. This mountain should not confused with another Stob Coire Easain, a Munro “Top” on the Munro Stob Coire an Laoigh
The Easains stand in splendid isolation, hemmed in by valleys on three sides, giving Stob Coire Easain a substantial topographic prominence of 611 metres. The mountain is the highest point on a nine kilometre long ridge which runs the entire length of the western side of Loch Treig; the eastern side of this ridge drops very steeply to the waters of the loch. To the west of the mountain is the valley of the Allt na Lairig. A subsidiary ridge going north from the summit is initially steep and craggy as it descends to the head of Coire Laire. To the south of the summit the main ridge descends gently over Irlick Chaoile to the lonely country at the head of Loch Treig. All drainage from the mountain goes into the River Spean to find its way to the west coast of Scotland via Loch Linnhe.
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The Storr
The Storr (Scottish Gaelic: An Stòr) is a rocky hill on the Trotternish peninsula of the Isle of Skye. The hill presents a steep rocky eastern face overlooking the Sound of Raasay, contrasting with gentler grassy slopes to the west.
The Storr is prime example of the Trotternish landslip, the longest such feature in Great Britain.
The area in front of the cliffs of the Storr is known as the Sanctuary. This has a number of weirdly shaped rock pinnacles, the remnants of ancient landslips. One of the most famous of these is known as the Old Man of Storr, a bowdlerisation of the Gaelic Bod an Stòr - phallus of Storr.
A well constructed path, used by many sightseers, leaves the A855 just north of Loch Leathan. It heads up through an area of forestry, with glimpses of the scenery beyond. After about 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mi) the walker emerges from the trees, into a spectacular, almost lunar, landscape.
Most day-trippers are content simply to wander around the Sanctuary, admiring the pinnacles and gazing up at cliffs of The Storr. Walkers can easily ascend to the summit however by skirting below the cliffs whilst heading north. After passing over a fence and climbing a brief steep section of loose rock, the recommended route heads north west as far as Coire Scamadal, 1 km north of the summit, then doubling back and heading southwards, climbing towards the summit. From this route, visible breaks in the cliffs offer tempting short cuts, but these are steep, may not save time and may not be safe.
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Tryfan
Tryfan is a mountain in the Ogwen valley, Snowdonia, Wales. It forms part of the Glyderau group, and is one of the most famous and recognisable peaks in Britain, having a classic pointed shape with rugged crags. At 3,010 feet above sea level it is the fifteenth highest mountain in Wales.
Between the mid-1980s and June 2010, its accepted height was 3,002 ft. However it was resurveyed using accurate GPS measurements and found to be eight feet higher. Until the 1980s, Ordnance Survey maps gave its height as 3,010 ft, and so the new measurement confirms that the earlier survey was correct.
There are many routes of ascent, ranging from easy ridge scrambling, to long mountaineering rock climbs on the east face. Tryfan is one of the very few mountains in Great Britain, apart from the Cuillin of Skye, to require the use of hands (as well as feet) on the ascent. However there are a number of peaks (notably Helm Crag in the Lake District and The Cobbler in the Scottish Highlands) that involve a scramble to reach the highest point.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
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Wales
Walesi/ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru;Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkəm.rɨ] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,200 km (750 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands; the largest, Anglesey (Ynys Môn), is also the largest island in the Irish Sea. Wales is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central areas, especially in Snowdonia (Eryri), which contains Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit.
During the Iron Age and early medieval period, Wales was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. A distinct Welsh national identity emerged in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations today. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was recognised as King of Wales in 1057. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales. The castles and town walls erected to ensure its permanence are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. Wales was subsequently annexed by England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 since when, excluding those matters now devolved to Wales, English law has been the legal system of Wales and England. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and The Welsh Language Society in 1962. The National Assembly for Wales, created in 1999 following a referendum, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
wn.com/Wales -
Waun Fach
Waun Fach is the highest mountain in the Black Mountains in south-eastern Wales. It is one of the three Marilyns over 600m that make up the range, the others being Black Mountain and Mynydd Troed. To the north Rhos Fawr and the Radnor Forest can be seen.
It is situated at the head of the Grwyne Fechan valley, above and to the west of the Grwyne Fawr reservoir [1]. It has an undistinguished (and almost indistinguishable [2]) rounded summit [3]. The nearby tops on the ridge, Pen Trumau and Pen y Gadair Fawr [4], although lower, are very much more recognisable.
Coordinates: 51°57′47″N 3°08′38″W / 51.96292°N 3.14392°W / 51.96292; -3.14392
wn.com/Waun_Fach -
Yr Elen
Yr Elen is a mountain in the Carneddau range in Snowdonia, Wales. It is the ninth highest mountain in Snowdonia. The average annual temperature of the peak is around 4 celsius. It lies on a short ridge running WNW off the main north-east to south-west ridge of the Carneddau, just over one kilometre from Carnedd Llewelyn.
It is usually climbed from the main ridge of the Carneddau, as it is only a short walk from Carnedd Llywelyn. It can also be climbed from Gerlan, near Bethesda, following Afon Llafar then heading up the slopes of Yr Elen, but this involves walking through wet valleys and a number of rivers that are difficult to cross.
The etymology of the name is unclear, with the personal name "Helen" or "Eleanor" being one possibility, perhaps after Eleanor de Montfort (d. 1282), princess of Wales and wife of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Another is the leech (from soft mutation of Welsh gelen, leech), perhaps in reference to the way in which Yr Elen appears to be attached to the side of the remaining Carneddau.
wn.com/Yr_Elen
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Angela Douglas
Angela Douglas (born 29 October 1940), born Angela McDonagh, is an English actress.
She was born in Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. She was named after her father's boss Angelino.
Douglas started acting as a teenager, joining the Worthing, West Sussex repertory company, before making her West End theatre debut in 1958.
She made her film debut in 1959 with Donald Pleasence in The Shakedown, and then appeared with Tommy Steele in It's All Happening.
She is best remembered for her roles in several Carry On Films in the 1960s, including Carry On Cowboy (1965) as an all-singing and trigger-happy version of Annie Oakley. She then appeared in Carry On Screaming (1966), Follow That Camel (1967) and Carry On Up the Khyber (1968). She has, by virtue of this association, appeared on many retrospective and spin-off programmes. Douglas made an appearance in North Wales in September 2005 to unveil a plaque dedicated to the filming of Carry On... Up the Khyber, as part of the movie had been shot in Llanberis.
wn.com/Angela_Douglas -
Edmund Hillary
Sir Edmund Percival Hillary KG ONZ KBE (20 July 1919 – 11 January 2008) was a New Zealand mountaineer, explorer and philanthropist. On 29 May 1953, Hillary and Nepalese Sherpa mountaineer Tenzing Norgay became the first climbers confirmed as having reached the summit of Mount Everest – see Timeline of climbing Mount Everest. They were part of the ninth British expedition to Everest, led by John Hunt. He was named by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.
Hillary became interested in mountaineering while in secondary school, making his first major climb in 1939, reaching the summit of Mount Ollivier. He served in the Royal New Zealand Air Force as a navigator during World War II. Prior to the 1953 Everest expedition, he had been part of the British reconnaissance expedition to the mountain in 1951, as well as an unsuccessful attempt to climb Cho Oyu in 1952. As part of the Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition he reached the South Pole overland in 1958. Subsequently, he also travelled to the North Pole.
wn.com/Edmund_Hillary -
Edward I of England
Edward I (17 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots (from Latin: Malleus Scottorum), was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons. In 1259, he briefly sided with a baronial reform movement, supporting the Provisions of Oxford. After reconciliation with his father, however, he remained loyal throughout the subsequent armed conflict, known as the Second Barons' War. After the Battle of Lewes, Edward was hostage to the rebellious barons, but escaped after a few months and joined the fight against Simon de Montfort. Montfort was defeated at the Battle of Evesham in 1265, and within two years the rebellion was extinguished. With England pacified, Edward left on a crusade to the Holy Land. The crusade accomplished little, and Edward was on his way home in 1272 when he was informed that his father had died. Making a slow return, he reached England in 1274 and he was crowned king at Westminster on 19 August.
wn.com/Edward_I_of_England -
Edward Lhuyd
Edward Lhuyd (pronounced [ˈɬuɪd], Hloo-id; sometimes rewritten as Llwyd in recent times) (1660 – 30 June 1709) was a Welsh naturalist, botanist, linguist, geographer and antiquary. He is also known by the Latinized form of his name, Eduardus Luidius.
Lhuyd was born in Loppington, Shropshire, the illegitimate son of Edward Lloyd of Llanforda, Oswestry and Bridget Pryse of Llan-ffraid, near Talybont, Ceredigion, and was a pupil and later a master at Oswestry Grammar School. His family belonged to the gentry of south-west Wales; though well-established, his family was not well-off, and his father experimented with agriculture and industry in a manner that brought him into contact with the new science of the day. Lhuyd attended grammar school in Oswestry and went up to Jesus College, Oxford in 1682, but dropped out before his graduation. In 1684, he was appointed assistant to Robert Plot, the Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum and replaced him as Keeper in 1690; he held this post until 1709.
wn.com/Edward_Lhuyd -
Edward Watkin
Sir Edward William Watkin, 1st Baronet (26 September 1819 - 13 April 1901) was an English railway chairman and politician.
Watkin was born in Salford, Lancashire, the son of a wealthy cotton merchant, Absalom Watkin who was noted for his involvement in the Anti-corn Law League.
After a private education, he returned to work in his father's mill business. In 1845 he founded the Manchester Examiner, by which time he had become a partner in his father's business.
He lived at Rose Hill, Northenden, a suburb of Manchester, in a house bought by his father in 1832. He is buried in St Wilfrid's churchyard in Northenden, where a memorial plaque commemorates his life.
Watkin began to show an interest in railways and at age 26, also in 1845, he took on the secretaryship of the Trent Valley Railway, which was sold the following year to the London & Birmingham and Grand Junction railways (which were about to amalgamate to form the London and North Western Railway (LNWR)), for £438,000. He then became assistant to Captain Mark Huish, General Manager of the LNWR. He visited USA and Canada and published a book about the railways in these countries in 1852. Back in Great Britain he was appointed secretary of the Worcester & Hereford Railway. He then left the LNWR and became the general manager of the Manchester Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway (MS&LR). He held this position from 1854 to 1862 and was chairman of the company from 1864 to 1894. He was knighted in 1868 and made a baronet in 1880.
wn.com/Edward_Watkin -
Gerald Nabarro
Sir Gerald David Nunes Nabarro (29 June 1913 – 18 November 1973) was a Conservative Party politician of the 1950s and 1960s. Nabarro had a flamboyant public profile and a reputation for taking maverick political stances.
Nabarro was born in Willesden Green, the son of an unsuccessful shopkeeper. He was born to a prominent Sephardi Jewish family but later converted to Christianity. He was educated at schools run by the London County Council, belying his later image as an aristocrat. On leaving school in 1930 at the age of 16 he enlisted in the army, in which he served for seven years, rising to the rank of Sergeant. In 1937 he left the army to work as a machine-hand, being swiftly promoted to be factory manager.
Using his experience he set up a saw milling company which made him a good living, and allowed him to go into company management in the engineering and road transport fields. Nabarro was also a member of the Royal Artillery Territorials and of the Royal Ordnance.
At the 1945 general election, Nabarro stood as the Conservative candidate in the Labour-held West Bromwich constituency. The seat was comfortably held by Labour's John Dugdale, with a swing on 18.6%, much higher than the national average of 10%.
wn.com/Gerald_Nabarro -
King Arthur
King Arthur is a legendary British leader of the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.
The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain). Some Welsh and Breton tales and poems relating the story of Arthur date from earlier than this work; in these works, Arthur appears either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies or as a magical figure of folklore, sometimes associated with the Welsh Otherworld, Annwn. How much of Geoffrey's Historia (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources, rather than invented by Geoffrey himself, is unknown.
wn.com/King_Arthur -
Merlin
Merlin is a legendary figure best known as the wizard featured in the Arthurian legend. The standard depiction of the character first appears in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, written c. 1136, and is based on an amalgamation of previous historical and legendary figures. Geoffrey combined existing stories of Myrddin Wyllt (Merlinus Caledonensis), a North Brythonic prophet and madman with no connection to King Arthur, with tales of the Romano-British war leader Ambrosius Aurelianus to form the composite figure he called Merlin Ambrosius (Welsh: Myrddin Emrys).
Geoffrey's rendering of the character was immediately popular, especially in Wales. Later writers expanded the account to produce a fuller image of the wizard. Merlin's traditional biography casts him as a cambion: born of a mortal woman, sired by an incubus, the non-human wellspring from whom he inherits his supernatural powers and abilities. The name of Merlin's mother is not usually stated, but is given as Adhan in the oldest version of the Prose Brut. Merlin matures to an ascendant sagehood and engineers the birth of Arthur through magic and intrigue. Later authors have Merlin serve as the king's advisor until he is bewitched and imprisoned by the Lady of the Lake.
wn.com/Merlin -
Rhodri Morgan
Hywel Rhodri Morgan (born 29 September 1939) is a Welsh Labour politician who, as First Secretary for Wales, and subsequently First Minister, was leader of the Welsh Assembly Government from 2000 to 2009. A former leader of Welsh Labour, he was the Assembly Member for Cardiff West from 1999 to 2011. He is the longest serving Welsh First Minister to date, being in office continuously for 9 years and 10 months. He was elected chancellor of Swansea University on 24 October 2011.
Born in Cardiff, Hywel Rhodri Morgan is the son of Professor T. J. Morgan and the brother of the historian, Prys Morgan.
Morgan was educated at Whitchurch Grammar School (merged with Whitchurch County Secondary School to become the comprehensive Whitchurch High School in 1972) in Whitchurch, Cardiff; St John's College, Oxford studying PPE; and Harvard University, where he gained an MA in Government.
In 1967, he married former Labour MP for Cardiff North Julie Morgan. The couple live in Michaelston-le-Pit (a village situated outside their constituencies), and are supporters of the British Humanist Association. They have a son and two daughters.
wn.com/Rhodri_Morgan -
Thomas Pennant
Thomas Pennant (14 June O.S. 1726 – 16 December 1798) was a Welsh naturalist and antiquary.
The Pennants were a Welsh gentry family from the parish of Whitford, Flintshire, who had built up a modest estate at Bychton by the seventeenth century. In 1724 Thomas' father, David Pennant, also inherited the neighbouring Downing estate from a cousin, considerably augmenting the family's fortune. Downing Hall, where Thomas was born in the 'yellow room', became the main Pennant residence.
Pennant received his early education at Wrexham grammar school, before moving to Thomas Croft's school in Fulham in 1740. In 1744 he entered Queen's College, Oxford, later moving to Oriel College. Like many students from a wealthy background, he left Oxford without taking a degree, although in 1771 his work as a zoologist was recognised with an honorary degree.
At the age of twelve, Pennant later recalled, he had been inspired with a passion for natural history through being presented with Francis Willughby's Ornithology. A tour in Cornwall in 1746–1747, where he met the antiquary and naturalist William Borlase, awakened an interest in minerals and fossils which formed his main scientific study during the 1750s. In 1750, his account of an earthquake at Downing was inserted in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, where there also appeared in 1756 a paper on several coralloid bodies he had collected at Coalbrookdale, Shropshire. More practically, Pennant used his geological knowledge to open a lead mine, which helped to finance improvements at Downing after he inherited in 1763.
wn.com/Thomas_Pennant -
Tumulus
A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world. A cairn (a mound of stones built for various purposes), might also be originally a tumulus. A long barrow is a long tumulus, usually for numbers of burials.
The method of inhumation may involve a dolmen, a cist, a mortuary enclosure, a mortuary house or a chamber tomb. Examples of barrows include Duggleby Howe and Maeshowe.
The word tumulus is Latin for 'mound' or 'small hill', from the PIE root *teuh2- with extended zero grade *tum-, 'to bulge, swell' also found in tumor, thumb, thigh and thousand.
The funeral of Patroclus is described in book 23 of the Iliad. Patroclus is burned on a pyre, and his bones are collected into a golden urn in two layers of fat. The barrow is built on the location of the pyre. Achilles then sponsors funeral games, consisting of a chariot race, boxing, wrestling, running, a duel between two champions to the first blood, discus throwing, archery and spear throwing.
wn.com/Tumulus
Snowdon, Danielle Filmography
- The Sentient (2011)
- Urgency (2010)
- Toxic (2010)
- Level 26: Dark Prophecy (2010)
- Table for Three (2009)
- Shrink (2009)
- Tripping Forward (2009)
- Beautiful (2008)
- Cat City (2008)
- Dark World (2008)
- Garden Party (2008)
- John's Hand (2008)
- Trapped in Perfection (2008)
- Welcome to Paradise (2007)
- Waiting (2007)
- Jane Doe: How to Fire Your Boss (2007)
- Splitting Hairs (2007)
- Women's Murder Club (2007)
- Petrified (2006)
- Mercy Street (2006)
- You Did What? (2006)
- Clean Up Men (2005)
- West Bank Story (2005)
- Falling (2005)
- Blood Deep (2005)
Snowdon, Peter Filmography
- Walking Ghost Phase (2011)
- La forêt, une fois (2010)
- La forêt, une fois (2010)
- Walking Through Paradise (2010)
- Walking Through Paradise (2010)
- Walking Through Paradise (2010)
- Rinse and Spin (2009)
- Rinse and Spin (2009)
- Rinse and Spin (2009)
- Bewick's Mambo (2008)
- Bewick's Mambo (2008)
- Bewick's Mambo (2008)
- Drying up Palestine (2007)
- Breather (2007)
- Breather (2007)
- Tree Stain Man (Homage to Stan) (2007)
- TwoThousand Walls (A Song for Jayyous) (2007)
- Drying up Palestine (2007)
- Drying up Palestine (2007)
- Breather (2007)
- Tree Stain Man (Homage to Stan) (2007)
Snowdon, Lisa Filmography
- Body Confidential (2013)
- Sex and the City 2: Premiere Special (2010)
- Almost Famous II (2009)
- The National Lottery: Big 7 (2009)
- Sport Relief: The Apprentice (2008)
- The British Soap Awards 2007 (2007)
- Britains Next Top Model: What Happened Next (2006)
- Football Diaries (2004)
- Miss World 2004 (2004)
- Spring Break Live 2003 (2003)
- FightBox (2003)
- Rock the House (2002)
- One Big Sunday (2002)
- I Love Christmas (2001)
- A Man's Best Friend (1999)
- La passione (1996)
- The Big Breakfast (1992)
- Top of the Pops (1964)
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Crib Goch, Snowdon. Initial scrambling.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Scrambling along the first exposed part of the ridge.
http://wn.com/Crib_Goch,_Snowdon_Initial_scrambling
Scrambling along the first exposed part of the ridge.
Snowdon Walk - Pyg Track / Miner's Track - May 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:54
- Updated: 22 Dec 2012
Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales, is 1085m at its summit and has some of the best views in the UK which are reached using several well used paths. This was a walk we made up to the summit from Pen-y-Pass using the Pyg Track to ascend and the Miner's Track to come back down. We went up on the 25th May 2012 starting at about 9am, and got to the top at about 12.15pm. Weather was absolutely fantastic, no clouds, and the views were outstanding. However, I did get eaten alive by the midges which were crowding around the people at the summit.
http://wn.com/Snowdon_Walk_Pyg_Track_Miner's_Track_May_2012
Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales, is 1085m at its summit and has some of the best views in the UK which are reached using several well used paths. This was a walk we made up to the summit from Pen-y-Pass using the Pyg Track to ascend and the Miner's Track to come back down. We went up on the 25th May 2012 starting at about 9am, and got to the top at about 12.15pm. Weather was absolutely fantastic, no clouds, and the views were outstanding. However, I did get eaten alive by the midges which were crowding around the people at the summit.
- published: 12 Jun 2012
- views: 826
- author: Lawrence Jones
Snowdon via Llanberis Path
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:42
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
The walk from Llanberis to the summit of Yr Wyddfa , the highest mountain in England and Wales
http://wn.com/Snowdon_via_Llanberis_Path
The walk from Llanberis to the summit of Yr Wyddfa , the highest mountain in England and Wales
- published: 30 May 2012
- views: 2068
- author: G22PRODUCTIONS
Walking Mount Snowdon Via The Pyg & Miners' Track. Snowdonia, North Wales.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:33
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
The Pyg and the Miners Tracks start at the same point. The car park here gets very full, and an early start is essential. It is not known how the Pyg Track got its name - it could be as it passes over the Pigs's Pass (Bwlch y Mocl), because it is close to the Pen y Gwryd Hotel, or because pyg, in welsh, also means pitch, and part of the surface of the path looks like black pitch. Whatever the origin, this path starts 1170 feet above sea level which gives you a helpful start on the way. Much of this walk is rugged, and very challenging, but the scenery is interesting. The first part of this video shows views from the Pyg Track during the ascent to the summit. Once past the Pigs's Pass, the view down to the left shows the Miners' Track below. The Miners' Track is a good walk to try if you want to walk on Snowdon but don't want to try to reach the summit as the first part is fairly gentle. Views from the descent using the Miner's Track are featured. It was built during the 1800's to serve Britannia Copper Mines which were abandonned in 1917. Mine Manager Arthur Lockwood drove his car to Llyn Glaslyn, and the track to this point at the lake still resembles a road so is a good walking surface. The track does get considerably steeper towards the summit but was fairly easy on our descent.
http://wn.com/Walking_Mount_Snowdon_Via_The_Pyg_Miners'_Track_Snowdonia,_North_Wales
The Pyg and the Miners Tracks start at the same point. The car park here gets very full, and an early start is essential. It is not known how the Pyg Track got its name - it could be as it passes over the Pigs's Pass (Bwlch y Mocl), because it is close to the Pen y Gwryd Hotel, or because pyg, in welsh, also means pitch, and part of the surface of the path looks like black pitch. Whatever the origin, this path starts 1170 feet above sea level which gives you a helpful start on the way. Much of this walk is rugged, and very challenging, but the scenery is interesting. The first part of this video shows views from the Pyg Track during the ascent to the summit. Once past the Pigs's Pass, the view down to the left shows the Miners' Track below. The Miners' Track is a good walk to try if you want to walk on Snowdon but don't want to try to reach the summit as the first part is fairly gentle. Views from the descent using the Miner's Track are featured. It was built during the 1800's to serve Britannia Copper Mines which were abandonned in 1917. Mine Manager Arthur Lockwood drove his car to Llyn Glaslyn, and the track to this point at the lake still resembles a road so is a good walking surface. The track does get considerably steeper towards the summit but was fairly easy on our descent.
- published: 20 Jul 2010
- views: 15105
- author: RobmeisterII
Snowdonia speedflying
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
Speedflying Snowdon summit 3560ft and a smaller summit at 1900ft overlooking Pen-y-pass. First time flying Snowdonia.
http://wn.com/Snowdonia_speedflying
Speedflying Snowdon summit 3560ft and a smaller summit at 1900ft overlooking Pen-y-pass. First time flying Snowdonia.
- published: 28 May 2012
- views: 1186
- author: Nigel Hawkins
Snowdon Full HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 10 Dec 2012
Something a bit different from me. This is a video I made after a visit to Snowdon (Wales UK) on a particularly beautiful day, inspired by the awesome song '3 Billion Heartbeats'. Some of the effects are basic as the video was edited and completed and within a few hours of arriving home after the 225 mile round trip to North Wales. I'm happy with the quality of the footage though, from my hacked Lumix GH1 (GH13), the 14-42 kit lens and an Olympus 9-18 m43 lens. Made on a Macbook using Premiere Pro 5 and Magic Bullet Looks. The music performance is 3 Billion Heartbeats by: iTunes: www.itunes.apple.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Soundcloud: www.soundcloud.com Spotify: www.open.spotify.com Twitter: www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Snowdon_Full_HD
Something a bit different from me. This is a video I made after a visit to Snowdon (Wales UK) on a particularly beautiful day, inspired by the awesome song '3 Billion Heartbeats'. Some of the effects are basic as the video was edited and completed and within a few hours of arriving home after the 225 mile round trip to North Wales. I'm happy with the quality of the footage though, from my hacked Lumix GH1 (GH13), the 14-42 kit lens and an Olympus 9-18 m43 lens. Made on a Macbook using Premiere Pro 5 and Magic Bullet Looks. The music performance is 3 Billion Heartbeats by: iTunes: www.itunes.apple.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Soundcloud: www.soundcloud.com Spotify: www.open.spotify.com Twitter: www.twitter.com
- published: 13 Mar 2012
- views: 2106
- author: Alan Starkie
Snowdon Horseshoe
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:24
- Updated: 19 Nov 2012
A very busy Easter Saturday walk around the Snowdon Horseshoe.
http://wn.com/Snowdon_Horseshoe
A very busy Easter Saturday walk around the Snowdon Horseshoe.
- published: 15 May 2009
- views: 12316
- author: GlennS1970
Snowdon Summit 26/10/09 13 of 21 Snowdon Train
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:26
- Updated: 15 Nov 2012
Snowdon at 3560 feet above sea level , is a majestic and popular summit surrounded by steep glaciated cwms, and sharp ridges. The dozen routes to the peak offer a challenge to every grade of visitor; from those for whom this is their first mountain experience, to the scrambler, climber and winter mountaineer. The massifve mountain derives its English name from the Saxon Snow Dun, the snow hill or fortress. Located in the Snowdon National Park, it is the highest of the fifteen 3000 footers in Wales, and the highest mountain in both England and Wales, hence its popularity with the general public. In the Welsh language, the Park is called Parc Genedlaethol Eryri, the word Eryri meaning home of eagles. The highest point on Snowdon is Yr Wyddfa meaning tumulus. The tumulus in question is said to be that of the giant Rhita Gawr killed by the legendary King Arthur. The mountains connections with King Arthur do not stop there; into one of its lakes, Llyn Llydaw, a mortally wounded Arthur threw his sword, the mighty Excalibur (Caledfwlch in Welsh). Whilst this mythology will never be verified, there are other scars left behind by mans exploitation of the mountain. Many of the track ways are those of the now disused iron mines. The ruins of the miners homes are still very much evident, as are the mines themselves. One should not explorer these dark conduits into the mountains as vertical shafts and rock fall make them extremely hazardous. Although Snowdon has likely been climbed ...
http://wn.com/Snowdon_Summit_26_10_09_13_of_21_Snowdon_Train
Snowdon at 3560 feet above sea level , is a majestic and popular summit surrounded by steep glaciated cwms, and sharp ridges. The dozen routes to the peak offer a challenge to every grade of visitor; from those for whom this is their first mountain experience, to the scrambler, climber and winter mountaineer. The massifve mountain derives its English name from the Saxon Snow Dun, the snow hill or fortress. Located in the Snowdon National Park, it is the highest of the fifteen 3000 footers in Wales, and the highest mountain in both England and Wales, hence its popularity with the general public. In the Welsh language, the Park is called Parc Genedlaethol Eryri, the word Eryri meaning home of eagles. The highest point on Snowdon is Yr Wyddfa meaning tumulus. The tumulus in question is said to be that of the giant Rhita Gawr killed by the legendary King Arthur. The mountains connections with King Arthur do not stop there; into one of its lakes, Llyn Llydaw, a mortally wounded Arthur threw his sword, the mighty Excalibur (Caledfwlch in Welsh). Whilst this mythology will never be verified, there are other scars left behind by mans exploitation of the mountain. Many of the track ways are those of the now disused iron mines. The ruins of the miners homes are still very much evident, as are the mines themselves. One should not explorer these dark conduits into the mountains as vertical shafts and rock fall make them extremely hazardous. Although Snowdon has likely been climbed ...
- published: 09 Oct 2009
- views: 12099
- author: StarFire Alternity
Mountain biking Snowdon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:49
- Updated: 20 Jul 2012
14th April 2012 - The MTB Pigs hit Snowdon. We were lucky enough to have near perfect weather though we had feared the worst, as weather forecasts were suggesting wind chill temperatures could get as low as -10C! Heading up as early as our farting around would allow, we rode, pushed and carried our way to the Summit. Summit at around 10:30 - perfect for elevenses in the café! We then headed down a fun packed descent along the Rangers Path until we met a bridleway taking us back over the hills into Telegraph valley. A brake failure on the Rangers Path resulted in an unpleasant crash for Brendan. But also resulted in a stunning bit of entertaining crash video for everyone else! Cheers Brendan! Wasn't completely happy with the filming. I forgot my camera memory card and had to borrow a couple of other smaller cards to get some filming done. And to add insult to injury the battery emptied on the way down Telegraph Valley! I decided that Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt music would make a fitting score for the video including classics such as "In the Hall of the Mountain King", "Dance of the Mountain King's Daughter" and the Norwegian Dances. Music: Composed by Edvard Grieg for Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt. Performed by the London Symphony Orchestra & the Oslo Philharmonic Chorus. For Brendan's crash in more detail see: youtu.be Another video clip filmed a little further down Telegraph Valley: youtu.be
http://wn.com/Mountain_biking_Snowdon
14th April 2012 - The MTB Pigs hit Snowdon. We were lucky enough to have near perfect weather though we had feared the worst, as weather forecasts were suggesting wind chill temperatures could get as low as -10C! Heading up as early as our farting around would allow, we rode, pushed and carried our way to the Summit. Summit at around 10:30 - perfect for elevenses in the café! We then headed down a fun packed descent along the Rangers Path until we met a bridleway taking us back over the hills into Telegraph valley. A brake failure on the Rangers Path resulted in an unpleasant crash for Brendan. But also resulted in a stunning bit of entertaining crash video for everyone else! Cheers Brendan! Wasn't completely happy with the filming. I forgot my camera memory card and had to borrow a couple of other smaller cards to get some filming done. And to add insult to injury the battery emptied on the way down Telegraph Valley! I decided that Edvard Grieg's Peer Gynt music would make a fitting score for the video including classics such as "In the Hall of the Mountain King", "Dance of the Mountain King's Daughter" and the Norwegian Dances. Music: Composed by Edvard Grieg for Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt. Performed by the London Symphony Orchestra & the Oslo Philharmonic Chorus. For Brendan's crash in more detail see: youtu.be Another video clip filmed a little further down Telegraph Valley: youtu.be
- published: 03 May 2012
- views: 834
- author: AndyPilau
Crib Goch - Snowdonia
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
This is an intro to my small project :))
http://wn.com/Crib_Goch_Snowdonia
SNOWDONIA CLIMBING WITH RACHEL 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:53
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Created on December 17, 2011 using FlipShare. Come and take a trip with Rachel in Snowdonia, climbing Y GARN,...SNOWDON via the Rhyd Ddu path and the Bwlch Main Ridge.... and CNICHT from CROESOR...enjoy...
http://wn.com/SNOWDONIA_CLIMBING_WITH_RACHEL_2011
Created on December 17, 2011 using FlipShare. Come and take a trip with Rachel in Snowdonia, climbing Y GARN,...SNOWDON via the Rhyd Ddu path and the Bwlch Main Ridge.... and CNICHT from CROESOR...enjoy...
- published: 04 Jan 2012
- views: 1540
- author: steelydan473
Snowdonia Road Trip with a Renault Fluence Electronic Vehicle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:26
- Updated: 07 Oct 2012
www.bryn-bella.co.uk is an award winning sustainable guest house in Betws-y-Coed, Snowdonia. Long time supporters of car free tourism the latest initiative is the support of Electronic Vehicles, EV's, by the provision of charge points in Betws-y-Coed, free to guests. In conjunction with Renault UK they undertook a road trip around Snowdonia taking in many landmarks and attractions to demonstrate that you can have a great holiday with an EV. Along the way they visited Snowdon, Caernarvon Castle, Electric Mountain, Greenwood Forest Park and returned home along the Ogwen Valley.
http://wn.com/Snowdonia_Road_Trip_with_a_Renault_Fluence_Electronic_Vehicle
www.bryn-bella.co.uk is an award winning sustainable guest house in Betws-y-Coed, Snowdonia. Long time supporters of car free tourism the latest initiative is the support of Electronic Vehicles, EV's, by the provision of charge points in Betws-y-Coed, free to guests. In conjunction with Renault UK they undertook a road trip around Snowdonia taking in many landmarks and attractions to demonstrate that you can have a great holiday with an EV. Along the way they visited Snowdon, Caernarvon Castle, Electric Mountain, Greenwood Forest Park and returned home along the Ogwen Valley.
- published: 15 Aug 2012
- views: 7201
- author: Bryn Bella
Robbie Williams on Capital Breakfast with Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:01
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Robbie Williams was on the Capital Breakfast Show to chat to Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon about babies, touring, his new single, X Factor, Olly Murs falling over and a strange fact about Gary Barlow you probably never knew! Plus he faces his #Haters on Twitter.
http://wn.com/Robbie_Williams_on_Capital_Breakfast_with_Dave_Berry_and_Lisa_Snowdon
Robbie Williams was on the Capital Breakfast Show to chat to Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon about babies, touring, his new single, X Factor, Olly Murs falling over and a strange fact about Gary Barlow you probably never knew! Plus he faces his #Haters on Twitter.
- published: 10 Sep 2012
- views: 10103
- author: 958CapitalFMLondon
Climbing Snowdon on crutches
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 11 Nov 2012
Sam Percival and friends on an heroic assent of Mount Snowdon. Using crutches and with one broken ankle in cast, Sam climbed Snowdon to raise money and awareness for the forget me not trust. Filmed and edited by Hugh Parker. Thanks to everyone involved! Donate here- www.justgiving.com/sampercival More info- www.forgetmenotchild.com
http://wn.com/Climbing_Snowdon_on_crutches
Sam Percival and friends on an heroic assent of Mount Snowdon. Using crutches and with one broken ankle in cast, Sam climbed Snowdon to raise money and awareness for the forget me not trust. Filmed and edited by Hugh Parker. Thanks to everyone involved! Donate here- www.justgiving.com/sampercival More info- www.forgetmenotchild.com
- published: 15 Jul 2012
- views: 685
- author: Sam Percival
Girls Aloud on Capital Breakfast with Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:38
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
Girls Aloud were announced as the final act on the Sunday line-up for Capital's Jingle Bell Ball 2012 and chatted to Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon in their first radio interview since getting back together. Find out what Nadine wants to say to Justin Bieber, if Kimberley thinks Simon Cowell is a 'Love Machine' and whether Cheryl will ever get back in a car with will.i.am!
http://wn.com/Girls_Aloud_on_Capital_Breakfast_with_Dave_Berry_and_Lisa_Snowdon
Girls Aloud were announced as the final act on the Sunday line-up for Capital's Jingle Bell Ball 2012 and chatted to Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon in their first radio interview since getting back together. Find out what Nadine wants to say to Justin Bieber, if Kimberley thinks Simon Cowell is a 'Love Machine' and whether Cheryl will ever get back in a car with will.i.am!
- published: 16 Nov 2012
- views: 6126
- author: 958CapitalFMLondon
Keith Lemon & Lisa Snowdon First Date
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:35
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Keith_Lemon_Lisa_Snowdon_First_Date
Snowdon Foxtrot Sequence Dance - Alexandria's Dance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:07
- Updated: 29 Oct 2012
Bill and Sandra from Alexandria's Dance demonstrate the sequence dance Snowdon Foxtrot www.alexandriasdance.yolasite.com
http://wn.com/Snowdon_Foxtrot_Sequence_Dance_Alexandria's_Dance
Bill and Sandra from Alexandria's Dance demonstrate the sequence dance Snowdon Foxtrot www.alexandriasdance.yolasite.com
- published: 22 Feb 2012
- views: 25486
- author: SKT6003
Ed Sheeran with Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon - Capital Breakfast Show
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 20 Dec 2012
Ed Sheeran was Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon's live house band on the Capital Breakfast Show. Resident rapper Magical Lee got to perform his Wrap-up Rap of the Week with the Brit nominated star too.
http://wn.com/Ed_Sheeran_with_Dave_Berry_and_Lisa_Snowdon_Capital_Breakfast_Show
Ed Sheeran was Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon's live house band on the Capital Breakfast Show. Resident rapper Magical Lee got to perform his Wrap-up Rap of the Week with the Brit nominated star too.
- published: 27 Jan 2012
- views: 7654
- author: 958CapitalFMLondon
Pink on Capital Breakfast with Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:53
- Updated: 11 Dec 2012
Pink joined Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon on the Capital Breakfast Show. She talked motherhood, weird accents, swapping underwear, flashing and she faced some of her #Haters. She ate them for breakfast!
http://wn.com/Pink_on_Capital_Breakfast_with_Dave_Berry_and_Lisa_Snowdon
Pink joined Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon on the Capital Breakfast Show. She talked motherhood, weird accents, swapping underwear, flashing and she faced some of her #Haters. She ate them for breakfast!
- published: 13 Sep 2012
- views: 1751
- author: 958CapitalFMLondon
Tulisa on Capital Breakfast with Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Tulisa was live on the Capital Breakfast Show to talk about her new autobiography 'Honest' and X Factor. When she arrived we don't think she was expecting Dave Berry to be set to super-flirt! Find out what pet-name she calls him and see Tulisa take on some of her #Haters! Boy did she put them in their place!
http://wn.com/Tulisa_on_Capital_Breakfast_with_Dave_Berry_and_Lisa_Snowdon
Tulisa was live on the Capital Breakfast Show to talk about her new autobiography 'Honest' and X Factor. When she arrived we don't think she was expecting Dave Berry to be set to super-flirt! Find out what pet-name she calls him and see Tulisa take on some of her #Haters! Boy did she put them in their place!
- published: 28 Sep 2012
- views: 8794
- author: 958CapitalFMLondon
Anthony Joshua on Capital Breakfast with Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Updated: 12 Dec 2012
World Heavyweight Number 1 and Olympic Gold Medalist Anthony Joshua was live on the Capital Breakfast Show with Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon ahead of Team GB's Victory Parade. Lisa got quite excited by his hunky presence and turned the flirt offensive to 100%... he didn't stand a chance!
http://wn.com/Anthony_Joshua_on_Capital_Breakfast_with_Dave_Berry_and_Lisa_Snowdon
World Heavyweight Number 1 and Olympic Gold Medalist Anthony Joshua was live on the Capital Breakfast Show with Dave Berry and Lisa Snowdon ahead of Team GB's Victory Parade. Lisa got quite excited by his hunky presence and turned the flirt offensive to 100%... he didn't stand a chance!
- published: 10 Sep 2012
- views: 1275
- author: 958CapitalFMLondon
Daedelus - Scaling Snowdon (Slow Climb Version) (at Room 205)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Updated: 24 Dec 2012
For his Room 205 episode, Daedelus wanted to re-imagine our space as a Victorian-era séance. So, with a bit of help from director Michael Reich and set designer Tamarra Younis, that's exactly what he did. goincase.com
http://wn.com/Daedelus_Scaling_Snowdon_Slow_Climb_Version_at_Room_205
For his Room 205 episode, Daedelus wanted to re-imagine our space as a Victorian-era séance. So, with a bit of help from director Michael Reich and set designer Tamarra Younis, that's exactly what he did. goincase.com
- published: 30 Mar 2011
- views: 20196
- author: goincase
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:08
- Updated: 24 Nov 2012
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (Margaret Rose; 21 August 1930 -- 9 February 2002) was the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II and the younger daughter of King George VI.
http://wn.com/Princess_Margaret,_Countess_of_Snowdon
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (Margaret Rose; 21 August 1930 -- 9 February 2002) was the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II and the younger daughter of King George VI.
- published: 02 Apr 2012
- views: 2035
- author: Lost Splendour
photo: Creative Commons / Axou
24 Dec 2012
Steve Jobs was controversial in life, and now his high-tech mega-yacht is associated with a controversy long after his death. The former Apple CEO's ship was impounded in Amsterdam in the middle of a financial battle over a disputed bill. Phillippe Starck, a French product designer and architect, has alleged that Jobs' heirs owe him 3 million euros for his work on Venus, the 256-foot yacht Jobs commissioned before his death ... ... ....(size: 2.6Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported. About 350 snowploughs were clearing roads throughout the city. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told residents they should avoid nonessential travel ... IANS ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Khalil Hamra, File
26 Dec 2012
Cairo • The official approval of Egypt’s disputed, Islamist-backed constitution Tuesday held out little hope of stabilizing the country after two years of turmoil and Islamist President Mohammed Morsi may now face a more immediate crisis with the economy falling deeper into distress ... Join the Discussion. The battle over the constitution left Egypt deeply polarized at a time when the government is increasingly cash-strapped ... The U.S ... " ... ....(size: 5.7Kb)
photo: AP / Adel Hana
25 Dec 2012
Thousands of Christians from the world over have packed Manger Square in Bethlehem to celebrate the birth of Jesus in the ancient West Bank town where he was born. For their Palestinian hosts, this holiday season was an especially joyous one, with the hardships of the Israeli occupation that so often clouded previous Christmas Eve celebrations eased by the United Nations' recent recognition of an independent state of Palestine ... - AP. ....(size: 9.3Kb)
The Examiner
26 Dec 2012
Show Stopper is filmmaker Barry Avrich’s newest installment in a revealing series of films on powerful entertainment moguls, (Unauthorized. The Harvey Weinstein Project, The Last Mogul ... Additional guests included Tovah Feldshuh, Judith Gayle, Todd Graff, Emma Snowdon Jones, Elizabeth Kurpis, Brian Stokes, Mitchell, Rob Reiner, Chita Rivera, Phyllis Somerville, Rory Tahari, Adrienne Warren, Savannah Wise and Robert Wuhl ... Q ... Barry Avrich ... ....(size: 4.8Kb)
BBC News
21 Dec 2012
To mark the 200th instalment of Five Minute With - in which the BBC's Matthew Stadlen interviews a famous face against the clock - here are 200 of their questions and answers. Actors, directors, musicians, politicians, writers, sportsmen and women, artists, scientists, historians and comedians have all been questioned for the allotted five minutes. Continue reading the main story Find out more. Five Minutes With... Lisa >Snowdon - Q. ...(size: 64.9Kb)
noodls
20 Dec 2012
(Source. Australian Government). 20 December 2012. DAFF12/251LJ. Joint media release. Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Senator the Hon. Joe Ludwig ... Warren Snow MP ... Member for Lingiari, Warren Snowdon, welcomed the funding and said it would support an important Northern Territory service. "I'm pleased the Gillard Government was able to boost its support for rural financial counselling in the Territory," Mr Snowdon said....(size: 3.6Kb)
noodls
20 Dec 2012
Australian veterans are set to benefit from 49 new health and wellbeing initiatives funded by the Australian Government, the Minister for Veterans' Affairs, Warren Snowdon, announced today. Mr Snowdon said the projects would be funded under the Veteran & Community Grants program which provides support for ex-service and community organisations ... Media inquiries. Minister Snowdon....(size: 17.5Kb)
Funding boost to honour Australia’s finest (Department of Veterans' Affairs - Australian Government)
noodls20 Dec 2012
The Minister for Veterans' Affairs, Warren Snowdon, today announced Australian Government funding for 76 projects across the country honouring Australia's long and proud service history. "A total of $181,126 will go towards projects recognising the contribution of Australian servicemen and women as part of the Saluting Their Service grants program," Mr Snowdon said ... Media inquiries. Minister Snowdon....(size: 29.4Kb)
The Independent
20 Dec 2012
Justin de Blank was one of the leaders of the revolution in eating habits that has so improved the lives of middle-class Britons since the 1970s ... He did a short course at Reading University then went up to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, where he read Architecture and was part of the same set as Anthony Armstrong-Jones (later Lord Snowdon) ... This was followed by a spell in advertising at J Walter Thompson ... "I first met ... "....(size: 8.0Kb)
noodls
19 Dec 2012
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Mrs Susan Snowdon as Her Majesty's Lord-Lieutenant for County Durham to succeed Sir Paul Nicholson KCVO when he retires on 7 March 2013 ... Sue Snowdon is a farmer's wife, former teacher and magistrate ... Mrs Snowdon lives near Bishop Auckland with her husband Keith.She remains very much involved with the local ......(size: 2.2Kb)
The Guardian
19 Dec 2012
The ingredients that have made Strictly 2012 a recipe for success – and a few things it would be better not to see again next year. What have your highlights and lowlights been? ... Photograph ... As we approach the final, I think viewers actually feel part of the Strictly family - the semi-finals were the first time I felt truly emotional for the celebrities since Rachel Stevens went head to head (or toe to toe) with Lisa >Snowdon in 2008 ... . ...(size: 7.0Kb)
The Daily Telegraph
19 Dec 2012
The European Union is to ban menthol cigarettes and will require graphic anti-smoking warnings to cover 75 per cent of cigarette packets, under new legislation. 560. 315. TelegraphPlayer_9714952 ... Related Articles ... Chris Snowdon, a fellow of the Institute of Economic affairs, warned that the EU proposals were "damaging for liberty and disastrous for public health" because both e-cigarettes and snus are healthier alternatives to smoking ... EU....(size: 12.2Kb)
Huffington Post
19 Dec 2012
Mushrooms are great on pizzas and when you want to trip out at Animal Collective concerts, but not when they're growing on your apartment floor ... "My son had to stay home from school today," Wise told KXTV-TV ... Also on HuffPost ... Bruce Snowdon, the last sideshow fat man, was honored in a memorial service on Jan ... Snowdon performed as "Harold Huge," and weighed 607 pounds (though by some billing he tipped the scale at 712 pounds) ... ....(size: 23.4Kb)
noodls
18 Dec 2012
(Source. United Church of Christ) Retired pastor walks 10,000 steps a day for health, wellness and fun. Written by Emily Mullins. December 18, 2012. For the past 35 years, Fred Schwerdt and his wife Diane have incorporated a 5-mile walk into their daily schedules ... Snowdon in the British Isles, the bottom of the Grand Canyon, Ireland's northern coastline, and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy ... instead of 5.30 a.m....(size: 4.9Kb)
The Guardian
18 Dec 2012
America's watershed moment? Our exclusive 2012 in review. It has been a year of change for us here at the Weekly. A new editor, a new design ... The final edition of the year, an expanded 64-page holiday issue, is no exception ... To some, his reactions may seem quite raw ... We put this paper together for you ... If you have any comments over the next couple of weeks please drop a line to deputy editor Graham Snowdon while I take a short break ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)
noodls
17 Dec 2012
(Source ... The Minister for Veterans' Affairs, Warren Snowdon, said we can honour the service and sacrifice of Australia's peacekeepers by giving generously to the construction of the Peacekeepers Memorial ... Mr Snowdon said peacekeepers are a diverse group of men and women who are not only members of the defence force, but also the Australian Federal Police, state police agencies and civilians ... Media inquiries.. Minister Snowdon....(size: 3.0Kb)
For other uses, see Snowdon (disambiguation).
| Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa) | |
|---|---|
 The Snowdon group seen from the east; left: Y Lliwedd; centre: Crib Goch; right: Yr Wyddfa and Garnedd Ugain |
|
| Elevation | 1,085 m (3,560 ft) [1] |
| Prominence | 1,038 m (3,406 ft) Ranked joint 3rd in British Isles |
| Parent peak | Ben Nevis |
| Listing | Marilyn (hill), Hewitt, Welsh 3000s, council top, Nuttall |
| Location | |
 Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa)
|
|
| Range | Snowdonia |
| OS grid | SH6098954379 |
| Coordinates | 53°4′6.59″N 4°4′34.43″W / 53.0684972°N 4.0762306°W / 53.0684972; -4.0762306Coordinates: 53°4′6.59″N 4°4′34.43″W / 53.0684972°N 4.0762306°W / 53.0684972; -4.0762306[2] |
| Topo map | OS Landranger 115 |
| Listed summits of Snowdon | ||||
| Name | Grid ref | Height | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crib y Ddysgl | SH610551 | 1,065 m (3,560 ft) | Welsh 3000s, Hewitt, Nuttall | |
| Crib Goch | SH624551 | 923 m (3,028 ft) | Welsh 3000s, Hewitt, Nuttall | |
| Craig Fach | SH635552 | 609 m (1,998 ft) | sub Hewitt | |
Snowdon (Welsh: Yr Wyddfa, pronounced [əɾ ˈwɪðva]) is the highest mountain in Wales, at an altitude of 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles outside Scotland. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri) in Gwynedd, and has been described as "probably the busiest mountain in Britain".[3] It is designated as a national nature reserve for its rare flora and fauna.
The rocks that form Snowdon were produced by volcanoes in the Ordovician period, and the massif has been extensively sculpted by glaciation, forming the pyramidal peak of Snowdon and the arêtes of Crib Goch and Y Lliwedd. The cliff faces on Snowdon, including Clogwyn Du'r Arddu, are significant for rock climbing, and the mountain was used by Edmund Hillary in training for the 1953 ascent of Mount Everest.
Snowdon boasts some of the best views in Britain, and the summit can be reached by a number of well-known paths. The summit can also be reached on the Snowdon Mountain Railway, a rack and pinion railway opened in 1896 which carries passengers the 4.7 miles (7.6 km) from Llanberis to the summit station. The summit also houses a visitor centre called Hafod Eryri, built in 2006 to replace one built in the 1930s.
The name Snowdon is from the Old English for "snow hill", while the Welsh name – Yr Wyddfa – means "the tumulus", which may refer to the cairn thrown over the legendary giant Rhitta Gawr after his defeat by King Arthur. As well as other figures from Arthurian legend, the mountain is linked to a legendary afanc (water monster) and the Tylwyth Teg (fairies).
Contents |
Height[link]
A 1682 survey estimated that the summit of Snowdon was at a height of 3,720 feet (1,130 m); in 1773, Thomas Pennant quoted a later estimate of 3,568 ft (1,088 m) above sea level at Caernarfon.[4] Recent surveys give the height of the summit as 1,085 m (3,560 ft), making Snowdon the highest mountain in Wales, and the highest point in the British Isles outside Scotland.[5] Snowdon is one of three mountains climbed as part of the National Three Peaks Challenge.[6]
Environment[link]
Flora[link]
The unique environment of Snowdon, particularly its rare plants, have led to its designation as a national nature reserve.[7] In addition to plants that are widespread in Snowdonia, Snowdon is home to some plants rarely found elsewhere in Britain. The most famous of these is the "Snowdon lily", Lloydia serotina, which is also found in the Alps and in North America. It was first discovered by Edward Lhuyd in Wales, and was later named in his honour by R. A. Salisbury.[8] Snowdon lies in the northern part of Snowdonia National Park,[9] which has also provided some legal protection since the park's establishment in 1951.[10]
Geology[link]
The rocks which today make up Snowdon and its neighbouring mountains were formed in the Ordovician era. At that time, most of modern-day Wales was near the edge of Avalonia, submerged beneath the ancient Iapetus Ocean.[11] In the Soudleyan stage (458 to 457 million years ago) of the Caradoc age, a volcanic caldera formed, and produced ash flows of rhyolitic tuff, which formed deposits up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) thick.[12] The current summit is near the northern edge of the ancient caldera; the caldera's full extent is unclear, but it extended as far as the summit of Moel Hebog in the south-west.[13]
Snowdon and its surrounding peaks have been described as "true examples of Alpine topography".[14] The summits of Snowdon and Garnedd Ugain are surrounded by cwms, rounded valleys scooped out by glaciation.[15] Erosion by glaciers in adjacent cwms caused the characteristic arêtes of Crib Goch, Crib y Ddysgl and Y Lliwedd, and the pyramidal peak of Snowdon itself.[16] Other glacial landforms that can be seen around Snowdon include roches moutonnées, glacial erratics and moraines.[17]
Climate[link]
The English name "Snowdon" comes from the Old English snaw dun, meaning "snow hill", as Snowdon often has a covering of snow.[18] Although the amount of snow on Snowdon in winter varies significantly, 55% less snow fell in 2004 than in 1994.[19] The slopes of Snowdon have one of the wettest climates in Great Britain, receiving an annual average of more than 200 inches (5,100 mm) of precipitation.[20]
Lakes[link]
A number of lakes are found in the various cwms of the Snowdon range.
- Llyn Llydaw – 1,430 feet (440 m) high, 110 acres (45 ha) – lies in Cwm Dyli, Snowdon's eastern cwm, and is one of Snowdonia's deepest lakes, at up to 190 ft (58 m) deep. Various explanations of its name have been put forward, including lludw ("ash"), from ashen deposits along the shore, to Llydaw ("Brittany").[21] It contains evidence of a crannog settlement, and was the location of a 10-by-2-foot (3 × 0.6 m) dugout canoe described in the Cambrian Journal in 1862.[21] The lake is significantly coloured by washings from the copper mines nearby, and is used by the Cwm Dyli hydroelectric power station, which opened in 1906.[21] The lake is crossed by a causeway, built in 1853 and raised in the 20th century to prevent the causeway from flooding frequently.[22]
- Glaslyn – 1,970 feet (600 m) high, 18 acres (7.3 ha) – lies higher up Cwm Dyli than Llyn Llydaw.[23] It was originally called Llyn y Ffynnon Glas, and has a depth of 127 feet (39 m).[23] For a long time, it was believed to be bottomless, and is also the location for various myths.[23]
- Llyn Ffynnon-y-gwas – 1,430 feet (440 m) high, 10 acres (4.0 ha) – lies in Cwm Treweunydd, Snowdon's north-western cwm, and is passed by the Snowdon Ranger path.[24] It was enlarged by damming for use as a reservoir for use by slate quarries, but the level has since been lowered, and the lake's volume reduced to 24,000 cubic metres (850,000 cu ft).[24]
Other lakes include Llyn Du'r Arddu below Clogwyn Du'r Arddu – 1,901 feet (579 m) high, 5 acres (2.0 ha), Llyn Teyrn near Pen-y-pass – 1,237 feet (377 m) high, 5 acres (2.0 ha), and several smaller pools.[25]
Rock climbing[link]
The Snowdon massif includes a number of spectacular cliffs, and holds an important place in the history of rock climbing in the United Kingdom. Clogwyn Du'r Arddu is often colloquially known as 'Cloggy' among climbers, and was the site of the first recorded climb in Britain, in 1798.[26] It was carried out by two botanists, Reverends Peter Williams and William Bingley, while searching for rare plants.[26] It is now considered to be one of the best cliffs in Britain for rock climbing.[27]
Y Lliwedd was also explored by early climbers, and was the subject of a 1909 climbing guide, The Climbs on Lliwedd by J. M. A. Thompson and A. W. Andrews, one of the first in Britain.[26] Snowdon was used by Edmund Hillary and his group during preparations for their successful 1953 expedition to climb Mount Everest.[26]
Ascents[link]
Legend
· grey: ridges
· red lines: paths
· orange lines: roads
· dotted grey line: Snowdon Mountain Railway
The first recorded ascent of Snowdon was by the botanist Thomas Johnson in 1639.[26] However, the 18th-century Welsh historian Thomas Pennant mentions a "triumphal fair upon this our chief of mountains" following Edward I's conquest of Wales in 1284, which could indicate the possibility of earlier ascents.[28]
Snowdon offers some of the most extensive views in the British Isles.[29] On exceptionally clear days, Ireland, Scotland, England, and the Isle of Man are all visible, as well as 24 counties, 29 lakes and 17 islands. The view between Snowdon and Merrick (southern Scotland) is the longest theoretical line of sight in the British Isles at 144 miles (232 km).[30]
Snowdon has been described as "probably the busiest mountain in Britain";[3] a number of well-established footpaths lead to Snowdon's summit from all sides,[5] and can be combined in various ways.[31] The circular walk starting and ending at Pen-y-Pass and using the Crib Goch route and the route over Y Lliwedd is called the Snowdon Horseshoe, and is considered "one of the finest ridge walks in Britain".[32] The routes are arranged here anticlockwise, starting with the path leading from Llanberis. During winter, all these routes become significantly more dangerous and many inexperienced walkers have been killed over the years attempting to climb the mountain via the main paths.[33]
Llanberis Path[link]
The Llanberis Path is the longest route to the summit, and has the shallowest gradient. It follows the line of the Snowdon Mountain Railway, and is considered the easiest and least interesting route to the summit of Snowdon.[5] It is the route used by the annual Snowdon Race,[34] with a record time of less than 40 minutes recorded from the start to the summit.[35]
The section of the Llanberis Path beside the railway near the summit has been called the "Killer Convex"; in icy conditions, this convex slope can send unwary walkers over the cliffs of Clogwyn Du'r Arddu. Four people died there in February 2009.[36][37]
Snowdon Ranger Path[link]
The Snowdon Ranger Path begins at the youth hostel beside Llyn Cwellyn, to the west of the mountain, served by the A4085 and Snowdon Ranger railway station. This was formerly the Saracen's Head Inn, but was renamed under the ownership of the mountain guide John Morton.[4] It is "probably the oldest path to the summit".[5]
The route begins with zigzags through "lush green turf",[22] before reaching a flatter boggy area in front of Llyn Ffynnon-y-gwas. The path then climbs to Bwlch Cwm Brwynog, and then snakes along the ridge above Clogwyn Du'r Arddu towards the summit. This path meets the railway, the Llanberis Path, the Crib Goch path, and the combined Pig Track and Miners' Track all within a short distance, just below the summit.[22]
Rhyd Ddu Path[link]
The Rhyd Ddu path, also called the Beddgelert Path, leads from the village of Rhyd Ddu, west of Snowdon, gently up on to Llechog, a broad ridge dropping west from the summit.[26] It is considered one of the easier routes to the summit,[22][26] with the advantage that the summit is visible from the start,[26] but is one of the least used routes.[27] It climbs at a shallow gradient to Bwlch Main, shortly southwest of the summit, from where it climbs more steeply, meeting up with the Watkin Path at a site marked with a large standing stone a few hundred metres from the summit.[22] An alternative start begins at Pitt's Head on the A4085 road.[27]
Watkin Path[link]
The Watkin Path is "the most demanding route direct to the summit of Snowdon",[7] since it starts at the lowest elevation of any of the main routes.[22] It was first conceived by Edward Watkin, a railway owner who had attempted to build a railway tunnel under the English Channel, and had a summer home in Nant Gwynant near the start of the path.[5] It was originally designed as a donkey track and opened in 1892.[22]
The start of the Watkin Path has been described as "the prettiest beginning" of the routes up Snowdon.[22] It begins at Bethania on the A498 and climbs initially through old broadleaved woodland.[22] After leaving the woods, the path climbs past the waterfalls of the Afon Llan to the glacial cirque of Cwm Llan, crossing a disused incline from an abandoned slate quarry.[7] It then reaches Plas Cwmllan, formerly the home of the quarry manager for the South Snowdon Slate Works beyond, and later used for target practice by commandos during the Second World War.[7] Near Plas Cwmllan, is the large boulder known as Gladstone Rock, which bears a plaque commemorating a speech given in 1892 by William Ewart Gladstone, the then 83-year-old Prime Minister, on the subject of Justice for Wales.[22] The slate workings in Cwm Llan were opened in 1840, but closed in 1882 due to the expense of transporting the slate to the sea at Porthmadog. Various buildings, including barracks and dressing sheds, remain.[7]
From the slate quarries, the Watkin Path veers to the north-east to reach Bwlch Ciliau, the col between Snowdon and Y Lliwedd, which is marked by a large orange-brown cairn.[22] From here, it heads west to meet the Rhyd Ddu Path at a standing stone shortly below the summit of Snowdon.[7]
Scenes from Carry On... Up the Khyber were filmed on the lower part of the Watkin Path in 1968, with the Watkin Path representing the Khyber Pass in the film. One of the stars of the film, Angela Douglas, unveiled a plaque at the precise location where filming took place in 2005 to commemorate the location filming and it forms part of the North Wales Film and Television Trail, run by the Wales Screen Commission.[38]
[edit] Over Y Lliwedd
The route over Y Lliwedd is more frequently used for descent than ascent, and forms the second half of the Snowdon Horseshoe walk, the ascent being over Crib Goch. It is reached by following the Watkin Path down to Bwlch y Saethau, and then continuing along the ridge to the twin summits of Y Lliwedd.[32] The path then drops down to Cwm Dyli to join the Miners' Track towards Pen-y-Pass.
Miners' Track[link]
The Miners' Track begins at the car park at Pen-y-Pass, at an altitude of around 350 metres (1,150 ft), and is the most popular route to the summit of Snowdon.[26] It begins by skirting Llyn Teyrn before climbing slightly to cross the causeway over Llyn Llydaw.[26] It follows the lake's shoreline before climbing to Glaslyn, from where it ascends steeply towards Bwlch Glas. It is joined for most of this zigzag ascent by the Pig Track, and on reaching the summit ridge, is united with the Llanberis Path and Snowdon Ranger Path.[26] Derelict mine buildings are encountered along several parts of the path.[26]
Pig Track[link]
The "Pig Track", or "Pyg Track" (both spellings may be encountered), also leads from Pen-y-Pass.[22] The track climbs over Bwlch y Moch on the eastern flanks of Crib Goch, before traversing that ridge's lower slopes.[26] Above Glaslyn, it is joined by the Miners' Track for the zigzag climb to Bwlch Glas between Snowdon and Garnedd Ugain.[26] Regarding its name, the website of the Snowdonia National Park Authority states:
Nobody knows for sure why this path is called the Pyg Track. It's possible that it was named after the pass it leads through, Bwlch y Moch (translated Pigs' Pass) as the path is sometimes spelled 'Pig Track'. Or, maybe because it was used to carry 'pyg' (black tar) to the copper mines on Snowdon. Another possible explanation is that the path was named after the nearby Pen y Gwryd Hotel, popular amongst the early mountain walkers.
— Snowdonia NPA[39]
Crib Goch route[link]
The traverse of Crib Goch is "one of the finest ridge walks in Britain",[32] and forms part of the well-known Snowdon Horseshoe, a circuit of the peaks surrounding Cwm Dyli.[26] The path follows the Pig Track before separating off from it at Bwlch y Moch and leading up the side of Crib Goch. All routes which tackle Crib Goch are considered mountaineering routes or scrambles.[40]
Snowdon Mountain Railway[link]
Main article: Snowdon Mountain Railway
The Snowdon Mountain Railway (SMR) (Welsh: Rheilffordd yr Wyddfa) is a narrow gauge rack and pinion mountain railway that travels for 4.75 miles (7.6 km) from Llanberis to the summit of Snowdon.[41] It is the only public rack and pinion railway in the United Kingdom,[42][41] and after more than 100 years of operation it remains a popular tourist attraction. Single carriage trains are pushed up the mountain by either steam locomotives or diesel locomotives. It has also previously used diesel railcars as multiple units. The railway was constructed between December 1894, when the first sod was cut by Enid Assheton-Smith (after whom locomotive No.2 was named), and February 1896, at a total cost of £63,800 (£5,474,000 as of 2012).[43]
Summit buildings[link]
The first building on the summit of Snowdon was erected in 1838 to sell refreshments, and a licence to sell intoxicating liquor was granted in 1845.[26] When the Snowdon Mountain Railway was opened in 1896, a hotel was built at the terminus, near the summit. This was replaced in the 1930s by a restaurant designed by Sir Clough Williams-Ellis, which later served as a café and gift shop.[26] Having become increasingly dilapidated, this building was described by Prince Charles as "the highest slum in Wales".[44] Its state led to a campaign to replace the building. In April 2006, Snowdonia National Park Authority with the support of the Snowdonia Society agreed a deal to start work on a new café and visitor centre complex.[45] By mid-October 2006 the old building had been largely demolished.
The new RIBA Award-winning[46] £8.4 million visitor centre, Hafod Eryri, designed by Ray Hole Architects in conjunction with Arup and built by Carillion, was officially opened on 12 June 2009[47] by First Minister Rhodri Morgan.[48] The Welsh National Poet, Gwyn Thomas, composed a new couplet for the new building, displayed at its entrance and on the windows, which reads "Copa'r Wyddfa: yr ydych chwi, yma, Yn nes at y nefoedd / The summit of Snowdon: Here you are nearer To Heaven").[49] The name Hafod Eryri was chosen from several hundred put forward after a competition was held by the BBC.[50][51] Hafod is Welsh for an upland residence, while Eryri is the Welsh name for Snowdonia.[26]
Folklore[link]
In Welsh folklore, the summit of Snowdon is said to be the tomb of Rhitta Gawr, a giant.[26] This is claimed to be the reason for the Welsh name Yr Wyddfa,[22] literally meaning "the tumulus".[52] Rhitta Gawr wore a cloak made of men's beards, and was slain by King Arthur after claiming Arthur's beard.[23] Other sites with Arthurian connections include Bwlch y Saethau, on the ridge between Snowdon and Y Lliwedd, where Arthur himself is said to have died. A cairn, Carnedd Arthur, was erected at the site and was still standing as late as 1850,[23] but no longer exists.[26] According to the folklore, Arthur had Bedivere throw his sword Excalibur into Glaslyn, where Arthur's body was later placed in a boat to be carried away to Afallon. Arthur's men then retreated to a cave on the slopes of Y Lliwedd, where they are said to sleep until such time as they are needed.[23][32] Merlin is supposed to have hidden the golden throne of Britain among the cliffs north of Crib y Ddysgl when the Saxons invaded.[53]
Glaslyn was also the final resting place of a water monster, known as an afanc (also the Welsh word for beaver), which had plagued the people of the Conwy valley. They tempted the monster out of the water with a young girl, before securing it with chains and dragging it to Glaslyn.[23][26] A large stone known as Maen Du'r Arddu, below Clogwyn Du'r Arddu, is supposed to have magical powers. Like several other sites in Wales, it is said that if two people spend the night there, one will become a great poet while the other will become insane.[54] Llyn Coch in Cwm Clogwyn has been associated with the Tylwyth Teg (fairies), including a version of the fairy bride legend.[55]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Liz Roberts (21 September 2010). "Survey puts Welsh mountain into 1,000m 'super league'". Grough. http://www.grough.co.uk/magazine/2010/09/21/survey-puts-welsh-mountain-into-1000m-super-league?printview=1. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ Simon Edwardes. "Snowdon – Yr Wyddfa". The Mountains of England and Wales. http://www.hill-bagging.co.uk/mountaindetails.php?qu=S&rf=1963. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ a b "About us". Llanberis Mountain Rescue Team. http://www.llanberismountainrescue.co.uk/English/LLMRT%20HomePage2.html. Retrieved January 16, 2010.
- ^ a b Jones 2009
- ^ a b c d e Barnes 2005
- ^ "National Three Peaks Challenge". 25 February 2011. http://www.thethreepeakschallenge.co.uk/national-three-peaks-challenge/. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f Marsh 2010, pp. 33–36
- ^ David Jones (2003). "Flowers". Welsh Wildlife. Y Lolfa. pp. 11–34. ISBN 978-0-86243-654-4. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cglEQ0uArk0C&pg=PA23.
- ^ Nick Baker & Adrian Phillips (2009). "Snowdonia". The National Trust Book of the Countryside. Anova Books. pp. 350–353. ISBN 978-1-905400-69-0. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FdLH727swN4C&pg=PA350.
- ^ "National Park facts and figures". Association of National Park Authorities. http://www.nationalparks.gov.uk/press/factsandfigures.htm. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
- ^ R. S. Thorpe, P. T. Leat, A. C. Mann, M. F. Howells, A. J. Reedman & S. D. G. Campbell (1993). "Magmatic evolution of the Ordovician Snowdon Volcanic Centre, North Wales (UK)". Journal of Petrology 34 (4): 711–741. DOI:10.1093/petrology/34.4.711.
- ^ J. C. W. Cope, J. F. Ingham & P. F. Rawson, ed. (1992). "Ordovician". Atlas of Palaeogeography and Lithofacies (2nd ed.). Geological Society. pp. 19–36. ISBN 978-1-86239-055-3. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0I6BNSgx3_cC&pg=PA30.
- ^ A. J. Reedman, T. B. Colman, S. D. G. Campbell & M. F. Howells (1985). "Volcanogenic mineralization related to the Snowdon Volcanic Group (Ordovician), Gwynedd, North Wales". Journal of the Geological Society 142: 875–888. DOI:10.1144/gsjgs.142.5.0875.
- ^ R. A. Yates (1957). "Physiographical evolution". In Emrys G. Bowen. Wales: A Physical, Historical and Regional Geography. Methuen. pp. 19–52. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OUUOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA49.
- ^ Paul Gannon (2008). "The Glyderau and glaciation". Rock Trails Snowdonia: a Hillwalker's Guide to the Geology and Scenery. Pesda Press. pp. 79–88. ISBN 978-1-906095-04-8. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rr5UJ4ycZ3AC&pg=PA79.
- ^ David Waugh (2002). "Glaciation". Geography: an Integrated Approach (3rd ed.). Nelson Thornes. pp. 102–129. ISBN 978-0-17-444706-1. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7GH0KZZthGoC&pg=PA115.
- ^ Mike Raine (2009). "Glaciation". In Mike Raine. Nature of Snowdonia. Pesda Press. pp. 35–39. ISBN 978-1-906095-10-9. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uidTqo4bbaoC&pg=PA35.
- ^ Adrian Room (2006). Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for 6,600 Countries, Cities, Territories, Natural Features, and Historic Sites (2nd ed.). McFarland & Company. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-7864-2248-7. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=M1JIPAN-eJ4C&pg=PA351.
- ^ "Snow 'disappears' from Snowdon". BBC News. 20 December 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/4112137.stm.
- ^ G. Melvyn Howe (1957). "Weather and climate". In Emrys G. Bowen. Wales: A Physical, Historical and Regional Geography. Regional geography series. Methuen. pp. 53–94. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OUUOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA82.
- ^ a b c Roberts 1995, pp. 179–181
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Hermon 2006
- ^ a b c d e f g Roberts 1995, pp. 145–148
- ^ a b Roberts 1995, pp. 131–132
- ^ Roberts 1995 passim
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Marsh 1984
- ^ a b c Marsh 2010, pp. 29–32
- ^ Thomas Pennant (1778–1783). A Tour in Wales. Cited by Marsh 1984
- ^ David Squires (2010). "Can Snowdon be seen from the Wrekin? A topographic detective story" (PDF). Proceedings of the Cotteswold Naturalists' Field Club XLV (I): 66–84. http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/Snowdon-Wrekin.pdf.
- ^ Jonathan de Ferranti. "Computer-generated virtual panorama from Merrick". http://www.viewfinderpanoramas.org/panoramas/UPL/Merrick-S.gif. Retrieved 1 May 2006.
- ^ Rowland 1975
- ^ a b c d Marsh 2010, pp. 25–28
- ^ Steve Ashton (2002). "The Snowdon Group". Ridges of Snowdonia. British Hills Series (2nd ed.). Cicerone Press. pp. 72–100. ISBN 978-1-85284-350-2. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=10CqPLA9KQYC&pg=PA73.
- ^ "Race route". Snowdon Race. http://snowdonrace.co.uk/services/servicesView.aspx?serviceid=1&folder=1. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ "Race records". Snowdon Race. http://snowdonrace.co.uk/services/servicesView.aspx?serviceid=12&folder=4. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ "Walker's mountain hike 'madness'". BBC News. 30 July 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8177483.stm.
- ^ Jack Geldard (February 2009). "Editorial: Recent Deaths on Snowdon". UK Climbing. http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=1653. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ^ "Carry On plaque unveiled". BBC News. 30 September 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/4296396.stm.
- ^ "PYG Track". Snowdonia National Park Authority. 2005. http://www.eryri-npa.gov.uk/visiting/walking/Hard-Mountain-Walks/PYG-Track. Retrieved 23 November 2011.
- ^ Steve Ashton (1992). "Crib Goch (923 m)". Scrambles in Snowdonia (2nd ed.). Cicerone Press. pp. 115–118. ISBN 978-1-85284-088-4. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ujrf-jRaVFQC&pg=PA115.
- ^ a b Gerald Nabarro (1972). "Snowdon Mountain Railway". Steam Nostalgia: Locomotive and Railway Preservation in Great Britain. Routledge. pp. 191–195. ISBN 978-0-7100-7391-4. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=I5E9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA191.
- ^ Oliver Berry, David Else & David Atkinson (2010). Discover Great Britain. Lonely Planet. p. 272. ISBN 978-1-74179-993-4. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a8qi9lWrrbYC&pg=PA272.
- ^ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Lawrence H. Officer (2010) "What Were the UK Earnings and Prices Then?" MeasuringWorth.
- ^ Jonathan Brown (May 26, 2009). "Makeover for 'highest slum in Wales'". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/makeover-for-highest--slum-in-wales-1690633.html. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
- ^ "Snowdon centre deal agreed". Daily Post. April 6, 2006. http://icnorthwales.icnetwork.co.uk/news/regionalnews/tm_objectid=16911781&method=full&siteid=50142&headline=snowdon-centre-deal-agreed--name_page.html.
- ^ "RIBA Awards 2010". Royal Institute of British Architects. 20 May 2010. http://www.architecture.com/RegionsAndInternational/UKNationsAndRegions/Wales/Awards/RIBA%20Awards.aspx.
- ^ "£8.4m Snowdon summit cafe opens". BBC News. June 12, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/8095531.stm.
- ^ Stephen Ford (12 June 2009). "Summit cafe on Snowdon opened by First Minister Rhodri Morgan". Demotix. http://www.demotix.com/news/summit-cafe-snowdon-opened-first-minister-rhodri-morgan. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ Steve Dube (15 June 2010). "Snowdon summit centre hits the peak of success". Western Mail. http://www.walesonline.co.uk/countryside-farming-news/countryside-news/2010/06/15/snowdon-summit-centre-hits-the-peak-of-success-91466-26650951/. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ "Snowdon visitors' centre is named". BBC News. 13 December 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_west/6173519.stm. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ John S. Turner (15 September 2009). "SH6054 : Inscriptions on Hafod Eryri on Yr Wyddfa - in the sun". Geograph Britain and Ireland. http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/1489814. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
- ^ "Welsh-English Lexicon". Cardiff University. http://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/fun/welsh/LexiconForms.html. Retrieved 1 May 2006.
- ^ Roberts 1995, pp. 143–145
- ^ Roberts 1995, pp. 100–101
- ^ Roberts 1995, pp. 38–39
Bibliography[link]
- Barnes, David (2005). "Caernarfonshire: Eifionydd; Llŷn; Arfon". The Companion Guide to Wales. Companion Guides. pp. 279–315. ISBN 978-1-900639-43-9.
- Hermon, Peter (2006). "The Snowdon Range". Hillwalking in Wales, Volume 2. British Hills Series (2nd ed.). Cicerone Press. pp. 237–283. ISBN 978-1-85284-468-4.
- Jones, G. Lindsay (2009). "The Capel Curig Footpaths up Snowdon: a Brief History" (PDF). Snowdonia Society. http://www.snowdonia-society.org.uk/uploads/docs/Snowdon_Paths_History.pdf. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- Marsh, Terry (1984). "Yr Wyddfa (Snowdon)". The Summits of Snowdonia. Robert Hale Publishing. pp. 178–183. ISBN 978-0-7090-1456-0.
- Marsh, Terry (2010). Great Mountain Days in Snowdonia. Cicerone Press. ISBN 978-1-85284-581-0.
- Roberts, Geraint (1995). The Lakes of Eryri. Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 978-0-86381-338-2.
- Rowland, E. G. (1975). Ascent of Snowdon. British Hills Series (5th ed.). Cicerone Press. ISBN 978-0-902363-13-7.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Snowdon |
- Webcams from the Snowdon Weather Stations Project
- Walking Routes up Snowdon
- Mountain and Local Guide Snowdon.com
- Computer-generated virtual panoramas from Snowdon1: north; south
- Free printable contour map of Snowdon and the routes up download map
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowdon
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people with the same name, see Robbie Williams (disambiguation).
| Robbie Williams | |
|---|---|
 Williams performing as part of the Progress Live tour in May 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Robert Peter Williams |
| Born | (1974-02-13) 13 February 1974 (age 38) Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England |
| Genres | Pop rock, soft rock, dance |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, vocal coach, record producer, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, bass guitar, synthesiser, drums, piano, violin, harmonica, marimba |
| Years active | 1990–present |
| Labels | Universal (2011–present) Virgin (2009–2010) Chrysalis (1996-2008) |
| Associated acts | Take That |
| Website | robbiewilliams.com |
Robert Peter "Robbie" Williams[1] (born 13 February 1974) is an English singer-songwriter, vocal coach and occasional actor. He is a member of the pop group Take That.
Williams rose to fame in the band's first run in the early- to mid-1990s. After many disagreements with the management and certain group members, Williams left the group in 1995 to launch his solo career. On 15 July 2010, it was announced he had rejoined Take That and that the group intended to release a new album in November 2010[2][3] which became the second fastest-selling album of all-time in UK chart history[4] and the fastest-selling record of the century.[5]
Williams has sold over 70 million records worldwide, which ranks him among the best-selling music artists worldwide.[6] He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom and the best selling non-Latino artist in Latin America. Six of his albums are among the top 100 biggest-selling albums in the United Kingdom. He has also been honoured with seventeen BRIT Awards—more than any other artist—and seven ECHO Awards. In 2004, he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted as the "Greatest Artist of the 1990s."
Life and career[link]
1974–89: Early life[link]
Williams was born to Peter and Janet Williams in Stoke-on-Trent on 13 February 1974. His parents ran a pub called the Red Lion in the town of Burslem, before his father became the licensee at the Port Vale F.C. Social Club - this led to Williams' lifelong affinity for the team.[7] Williams attended Mill Hill Primary School in Stoke-on-Trent[8] then St Margaret Ward Roman Catholic School in Tunstall,[9] and also attended dance school UKDDF in Tunstall.[citation needed] He participated in several school plays, and his biggest role was that of the Artful Dodger in a production of Oliver!.
1990–95: Take That[link]
Main article: Take That
In 1990, the sixteen year old Williams was the youngest member to join Take That. According to the documentary Take That: For the Record, his mother read an advertisement seeking members for a new boy band and suggested that he try out for the group. He met fellow member Mark Owen on the day of his audition/interview with Nigel Martin-Smith. During the heights of the band's popularity, Williams was known as the extrovert and practical joker of the band. Although the majority of the band's material was written and performed by Gary Barlow, Williams did perform lead vocals on their first Top Ten hit "Could It Be Magic", "I Found Heaven", and "Everything Changes". However, he had conflicts with Martin-Smith over the restrictive rules for Take That members, and he began drinking more alcohol and dabbling in cocaine.
In July 1995, Williams's drug abuse had escalated to the point of his having a near drug overdose the night before the group was scheduled to perform at the MTV Europe Music Awards. According to the documentary For the Record, he stated that he was unhappy with his musical ideas not being taken seriously by lead singer Barlow and Nigel Martin-Smith, because his desire to explore hip hop and rap conflicted with the band's usual ballads. Barlow explained in interviews that Williams had given up trying to offer creative input and merely did as he was told. As well as Williams's friction with the management of the band, Jason Orange had problems with his increasingly belligerent behaviour, his lack of interest in performing, and his frequent habit of missing the band's rehearsals.
Both Orange and Barlow confronted Martin-Smith about the internal conflict, because they did not want him dropping out while touring and before any possible future touring of America, which never took place. During one of the last rehearsals before the tour commenced, the group confronted Williams about his attitude and stated they wanted to do the tour without him. He agreed to quit the band and left; it would be the last time for twelve years that they were all together. Despite the departure of Williams, Take That completed their Nobody Else Tour as a four-piece band. They later disbanded on 13 February 1996, Williams's 22nd birthday.
Shortly afterwards, Williams was photographed by the press partying with the members of Oasis at Glastonbury Festival. Following his departure, he became the subject of talk shows and newspapers as he acknowledged his plans to become a solo singer, and he was spotted partying with George Michael in France. However, a clause in his Take That contract prohibited him from releasing any material until after the group was officially dissolved, and he was later sued by Martin-Smith and forced to pay $200,000 in commission. After various legal battles over his right to a solo career, Williams was victorious in getting released from his contract with BMG. On 27 June 1996, Williams formally announced that he had signed with Chrysalis Records.
[edit] 1996–98: Life Thru a Lens and I've Been Expecting You
After leaving Take That, Williams launched his solo career starting off in 1996 by covering George Michael's "Freedom", the single reached number two in the UK Singles Chart.[10]
Recordings for Williams's first album began at London's Maison Rouge studios in March 1996. Shortly after his introduction to Guy Chambers, Williams released "Old Before I Die" which would be the first single taken from his début album. The single reached number two on the UK Charts;[10] however, it was largely ignored on international charts.
His debut album, Life Thru a Lens, was released in September 1997. The album launched with his first live solo gig at the Élysée Montmartre theatre in Paris, France. The album debuted at number eleven of the UK Album Charts.
Williams released what would be the fourth single taken from his album. "Angels" became Williams' best-seller in the United Kingdom.[11] The song, apart from becoming a hit around Europe and Latin America, caused sales of his album to skyrocket. The album remained inside the British top ten for forty weeks and spent 218 weeks there altogether, making it the 58th best selling album in UK history with sales of over 2.4 million.[12] The album eventually managed to sell over three million copies in Europe.[13]
Williams and Chambers started writing the second album in Jamaica in early 1998. The first single, "Millennium", became Williams' first solo number one single in the United Kingdom.[14] It also became a top twenty hit in many European countries, Latin America and Australia.[15]
When the album I've Been Expecting You was released in late October 1998, it débuted at number one in the UK Albums Chart.[14] The album received more attention outside the United Kingdom, leaving its mark in the European and Latin American markets with hits such as "No Regrets", a collaboration with The Pet Shop Boys' singer Neil Tennant and The Divine Comedy's Neil Hannon.
A cover of a track from World Party's album, Egyptology, became Williams' second number one hit in the UK.[14] Williams finished the year with a European Tour late in 1999.
The album I've Been Expecting You sold almost 3 million copies in the UK and was certified 10x Platinum by the BPI.[16] In Europe, the album sold over 4 million copies.[17]
[edit] 1999–2001: Sing When You're Winning and Swing When You're Winning
In 1999, Williams was signed to Capitol Records in the United States, a part of EMI. He embarked on a US promotional tour and released his first U.S. and Canadian single, "Millennium". The album The Ego Has Landed was released in July 1999 in the United States and Canada.
In the middle of promotion and the tours in 1999, Williams began work on his third studio album. This time he had finally found his inner confidence.[18]
The first single taken from the album was "Rock DJ", a song inspired by Williams's UNICEF mentor, the late Ian Dury. The video showed Williams in an attempt to get noticed by a group of females, first stripping and then tearing chunks of skin and muscle from his body, and caused controversy in the United Kingdom and many other countries. The video was edited by Top of the Pops for its graphic content and many other channels followed suit.[19] The song became an instant hit, reaching number one in the UK (becoming his third number one single as a solo artist) and New Zealand. The song went on to win "Best Song of 2000" at the MTV Europe Music Awards, "Best Single of the Year" at the BRIT Awards and an MTV Video Music Award for Best Special Effects.
When the album, Sing When You're Winning was released in August 2000, it topped the charts in many different countries.[20] In the UK the album was certified 2x Platinum on its first week of release.[21]
After the success of his third album, Williams wanted to take another musical direction. He took two weeks off from his tour to record what would be his fourth studio album, a big band album.[22] Born from his life-long love for Frank Sinatra – combined with the success of the track "Have You Met Miss Jones?" that he recorded for the film Bridget Jones' Diary in early 2001 – the album was recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles.
Williams took the chance to duet with his long-time friend Jonathan Wilkes, Little Voice star Jane Horrocks, Saturday Night Live star Jon Lovitz, Rupert Everett and actress Nicole Kidman. The first single released from the album was a duet with Kidman, on "Somethin' Stupid". Originally a hit for Frank and Nancy Sinatra, the song became Williams' fifth number one hit in the UK.[23] It eventually went on to become one of the biggest hits of 2001.[24]
When the album Swing When You're Winning (in reference to his 2000 studio album Sing When You're Winning) was released in late 2001, it became an instant hit in the UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Austria, Germany and Switzerland.[25]
"Beyond the Sea" was featured over the credits of the film Finding Nemo in 2003 and was also released on the film's soundtrack CD.
A DVD called Robbie Williams Live at the Albert Hall was released in December of that year. So far, it has become one of the best selling music DVDs in Europe, being certified 6x Platinum in the United Kingdom[26] and 2x Platinum in Germany.[27]
[edit] 2002–05: Escapology and Intensive Care
In 2002, Williams signed a record-breaking £80 million contract with EMI.[28] The contract included a number of provisos, including the label ceding greater creative control to the artist and a commitment to breaking Williams into the US market. So far it is the biggest music deal in British history. The deal was brokered by Ingenious Media, a leading UK corporate finance advisory business.[29]
Williams began working on what would be his fifth studio album, spending a year in the recording studio. The album heralded a new era for Williams. He had taken a more active role in the making of this album, giving an indication of his growing confidence in the studio. "One Fine Day", "Nan's Song", and "Come Undone" were the first songs that Williams wrote without the input of Guy Chambers. Most of the songs were recorded in Los Angeles.[29]
The album's first single, "Feel", written by Williams and Chambers, was recorded as a demo. When they started working on the album and were trying to re-record the vocals, Williams felt unsatisfied with it, so he decided to include the demo version and then release it as the first single.[30] When the single was released in late 2002, it became Williams' biggest international hit, going number one in countries like The Netherlands and Italy, as well as reaching the top ten in almost every single European country.[31]
When Williams' fifth studio album, Escapology, was released in late 2002, it hit number one in at least 10 countries around the world. In the United States, however, it failed to make such an impact.
Due to the controversial video for the album's second single, "Come Undone", it was heavily censored by MTV Networks Europe for depicting a debauched (but fully clothed) Williams having three-way sex with two women. The video was about some young people having a party and it showed footage of fights, drug taking and alcohol abuse. It also showed unsettling images of insects and reptiles. The uncensored version of the video was released on DVD single in Europe and was also included on the Enhanced CD Single.[32] BBC Radio 2 also banned the song for its explicit content.[33] At that time, it was confirmed that Williams and Guy Chambers were to officially split up.[32]
Escapology sold almost 2 million copies by the end of 2003 in the United Kingdom.[34]
In October 2003, Williams released his first live album, Live at Knebworth.
In October 2004, Williams released, Greatest Hits, a retrospective of his career, and also, to reveal the new tracks he had been working on with the then-new collaborator, Stephen Duffy.[35] "Radio", the compilation's first single, debuted at number one in the UK Singles Chart[14] (becoming Williams' sixth number-one hit). When the compilation was later released it debuted at number one in the UK[14] and was the best selling album of the year in the UK[36] and Europe.[37]
Eight years after the release of "Angels", in February 2005 the British public voted it as the "Best Single of the Past Twenty-Five Years" at the 2005 BRIT Awards.[38]
After touring Latin America in late 2004 for the promotion Greatest Hits, Williams started working on his sixth studio album. Recorded at his house in the Hollywood Hills, the album was co-written by Stephen Duffy over the course of 24 months.[39]
The track "Ghosts" was inspired by the Human League's "Louise", about a man who breaks off a relationship with his partner and realises he still has strong feelings for her.[39]
The album Intensive Care was launched in Berlin on 9 October. It became a smash hit around the world.
In November 2005, Williams took home the MTV Europe Music Award for 'Best Male', but also, entered in The Guinness Book of World Records when he announced his World Tour for 2006, selling 1.6 million tickets in one single day.[40] But after the success, Gary Barlow, Mark Owen, Jason Orange, and Howard Donald had agreed to reunite in Notting Hill, west London, for a preview screening of a documentary about Take That. The documentary screened on ITV1 on 16 November 2005. Unfortunately, according to a source quoted by The Sunday Mirror, "Robbie announced he wasn't coming. The rest of the band were gutted but felt the show had to go on."[41]
Williams kicked off his Close Encounters World Tour in South Africa in April 2006, when he finished his European leg of the tour. 2.5 million people had seen the show,[42] and after touring Latin America and Australia the numbers went up to 3 million.
[edit] 2006–09: Rudebox and Reality Killed the Video Star
Williams released his much anticipated dance/electro album, Rudebox, on 23 October 2006. It featured collaborations with the Pet Shop Boys, William Orbit, Soul Mekanik, Joey Negro, Mark Ronson, Chris Grierson, The Orr Boys. It received mixed reviews: Allmusic gave it a four star rating, the NME 8 out of 10, and Music Week and MOJO were equally positive,[43] but it received much weaker reviews from some of the British press.
The first single, "Rudebox", was premièred on radio by Scott Mills on his show on BBC Radio 1. The event caused some controversy, as the record label's embargo date was broken, although Williams himself later backed the presenter for doing so. More controversy followed due to the first single's radical change of direction when compared to his older releases. British newspaper The Sun named the song "The Worst Song Ever".[44] However, Victoria Newton stated that there were sure-fire hits on the album.[45]
The album sold 2x Platinum in Europe with sales of over 2 million making it the fastest platinum-selling album of 2006.[46] The album finished at number eighteen in the list of 2006's best selling albums worldwide. Neil Tennant claimed the album had sold 4.5 million copies by early 2007.[47]
To promote his album, Williams commissioned a series of short films.[48] Goodbye to the Normals was directed by Jim Field Smith and features "Burslem Normals" by Robbie Williams.
On 4 October 2007, Williams made a guest appearance at Mark Ronson's concert in Los Angeles, performing The Charlatans' "The Only One I Know", which features on Ronson's album Version.
Rumours of a new studio album co-written with Guy Chambers surfaced in early 2007, along with known commitments required by Williams to his EMI contract. British singer-songwriter Laura Critchley commented that she had sung vocals for three songs, and said that it would not be released until 2009.[49]
On 16 January 2008 UK tabloid The Sun announced that Williams had been working on some songs with The Blockheads member Chaz Jankel. The article went on to state that the reunion with Chambers hadn't worked out and that the material that Williams is working on with Jankel will form the basis of his next studio album.[50] However, although it had been confirmed on the Blockheads' official site that Jankel was writing with Williams, the rumour that Chambers was no longer working with him was not official. In late August 2008, Williams' friend Callum Blue commented that he was still working on the album.[51]
In February 2009, it was confirmed that Williams had written material with Guy Chambers and Mark Ronson. A spokesman said that Williams was planning to begin the recording sessions in March and that the new album would be released in late 2009. This will probably be the last Williams album released by EMI.[52] On his official website, Williams confirmed that he was working with producer Trevor Horn on his new album, which would eventually be titled Reality Killed the Video Star,[53] a reference to the song "Video Killed the Radio Star" by Horn's former band The Buggles. The album was released on 9 November 2009 in the United Kingdom.[54]
On 11 October 2009 Williams published a 12-track compilation album, titled Songbook, as a free CD for the newspaper The Mail on Sunday. The CD is a one-off album of some of his biggest hits - including several rare live performances.[55] That same evening, Williams made his "comeback" on The X Factor results show, performing his new single "Bodies" for the first time live.[56]
On 20 October 2009 Williams opened the BBC Electric Proms at the London RoundHouse.[57] It was his first live concert for 3 years[58] and was broadcast across 200 cinemas worldwide.[59] Accompanied by a string section, horn section, full band and producer Trevor Horn, Williams performed several new tracks from Reality Killed the Video Star and older tracks.
Reality Killed the Video Star was previewed in the UK on the Spotify music streaming service on 6 November 2009, and official released on 9 November.[60] In a high profile chart battle, Williams' album was pitted against X Factor 2008 runners-up JLS who released their debut album the same day. JLS beat Williams to the number one spot by 1500 sales. The album was also released in the United States (Williams' first album to be released there since 2002's Escapology).
In late November 2009, Williams traveled to Australia to perform at the ARIA Music Awards of 2009.
[edit] 2010–2011: In and Out of Consciousness and reunion with Take That
In October 2010 Williams released his second greatest hits album, In and Out of Consciousness: The Greatest Hits 1990–2010, to celebrate 20 years as a performing artist.[61] A single, "Shame", was also released, which was written and sung by Williams and Barlow.[61]
On 15 July 2010, Williams announced he was returning to Take That. A joint statement between Williams and the group said "The rumours are true... Take That: the original lineup, have written and recorded a new album, to be called, Progress for release later this year," read the band's statement. "Following months of speculation Gary Barlow, Howard Donald, Jason Orange, Mark Owen and Robbie Williams confirmed they have been recording a new studio album as a five-piece, which they will release in November."[62]
On 26 August 2010, it was announced Williams would become a guest vocal coach on the ninth series of German reality television show Popstars: Girls forever to teach candidates for a girl group.[63]
On 20 September 2010, Williams released his second book called "You Know Me" in collaboration with Chris Heath. The book features a collection of photographs of Williams from the past 20 years of his career and discussion of them by Williams as transcribed by Heath.[64]
In October, Media Control named Williams the most successful album-artist of the millennium due to the fact that he had spent No. 1 on the German Albums Chart for 38 weeks since 2000. He also reached that chart's Top Ten 135 times.[65]
2011-present: Move to Universal and ninth studio album[link]
In June 2011 Robbie Williams revealed that he has been working with Gary Barlow on a new solo album, that will be produced by Barlow.[66] Williams confirmed on his official site that he will be doing a new duet.[67][citation needed]
Williams launched a radio show titled Radio Rudebox on 6 October 2011 where he played music and interviewed Gary Barlow.[68]
On 21 October 2011 Williams announced that he had signed with Universal Music, following his departure from his previous record label EMI in 2010. He said in a statement, "I'm really thrilled to be joining the Universal family at what I think is the most exciting time in my career." The singer's forthcoming ninth studio album is set to be released during the autumn of 2012.[69]
Other projects[link]
Reunion of Take That[link]
Williams announced in December 2008 that he was planning to relocate to the UK prior to releasing his eighth studio album in late-2009, and a possible reunion with Take That. Photos also showed Williams with his new tattoo of the Take That logo on his right arm, in tribute to his former bandmates.[70] Williams bought a £7 million home in the village of Compton Bassett, Wiltshire.
On 27 March 2009, Williams stated he felt ready to re-join Take That. He said: "I'm in regular contact with them, even Gaz, and it's looking more likely by the week. The lads all seem up for it and some people think it's a done deal. I think it would be fun."[71] Williams was eager to re-join the band on their The Circus Live tour, but these plans never materialised. In September 2009, Williams was reported to be working in New York with Take That, however these rumours were never confirmed.[72]
While it was rumoured that Williams would reunite with Take That on 12 November 2009 for a Children In Need charity concert at The Royal Albert Hall, they merely greeted each other warmly on stage between performances. However, both did join with the other acts in the final song of the evening, with Williams putting his arm around Gary Barlow and singing "Hey Jude". Williams subsequently implied in an interview that a proper reunion was still a distinct possibility. On 15 February 2010, The Sun printed an interview with Williams, stating that he and Take That had been sighted going to an Los Angeles studio together.[73]
It was announced on 15 July that Williams had rejoined Take That. In November 2010 the Take That album Progress was released, becoming the fastest selling album since 2000 and the second fastest selling album in UK history. Williams explained that the long-standing friction between himself and Gary has been resolved, and how close they now were.[74]
The band also announced the Progress Live tour which would travel across the UK, including a record breaking 8 nights at Wembley Stadium in London,[75] then continue across Europe. The tour was the fastest selling in UK history with ticket hotlines and websites crashing under the demand.[75]
Collaborations[link]
One of his most famous collaborations was on the song "Kids", a duet with Australian pop star Kylie Minogue. The single peaked at number 2 on the UK singles charts in 2000. Williams also collaborated with Australian film star Nicole Kidman on a cover of Frank and Nancy Sinatra's "Somethin' Stupid". The single reached number 1 on the UK singles chart in 2001. His single "No Regrets" featured Neil Tennant, and Neil Hannon on backing vocals.
In 2002, Williams appeared on the track "My Culture" on the 1 Giant Leap album, alongside rapper Maxi Jazz (which features lyrics from the hidden track "Hello Sir" from Life Thru a Lens). Williams also features on a double CD titled Concrete which was released on the same day as Rudebox. The CD features a concert recorded for the BBC featuring the Pet Shop Boys and Williams singing their classic hit "Jealousy". Their joint effort, "She's Madonna", was released as a single in March 2007. On 13 August 2007, a Dean Martin duets album was released, on which Williams sings "Please Don't Talk About Me When I'm Gone". Most recently it was announced that Williams has recorded what is going to be Mexican singer Thalía's first single from her upcoming English-language album.
In 2010 he announced that he was to release "Shame", a duet with Take That lead singer songwriter Gary Barlow as the first single from his greatest hits collection In and Out of Consciousness: The Greatest Hits 1990–2010 which was certified silver in the UK and charted in 19 countries worldwide.
Video game[link]
Williams features in his own karaoke video game, We Sing Robbie Williams which was released on 12 November 2010 by Nordic Games.
Achievements[link]
It has been claimed that Williams has sold more albums in the UK than any other British solo artist in history and has won more BRIT Awards than any other artist to date.[76] His album sales stands at over 57 million worldwide.[77][78][79] Williams was entered in The Guinness Book of World Records when, after he announced his World Tour for 2006, 1.6 million tickets were sold in one single day.[80]
He has been presented many awards, including seventeen BRIT[81] and seven ECHO awards.[82] In 2004, he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame, after being voted as the Greatest artist of the 1990s.[83]
Williams appears in the list of the all-time Top 100 biggest selling albums in the United Kingdom six times.[36]
In October 2009 it was announced that he would receive the Outstanding Contribution To British Music award at the 2010 BRIT Awards.[84]
In September 2010 Williams switched on the Blackpool illuminations, stating that it was one of the greatest honours he'd ever achieved.[85]
Personal life[link]
Since 2006, Williams has spent most of his time in Los Angeles, California.[86] Williams moved back to the UK in 2009 when he bought an £8.5 million mansion in Compton Bassett, Wiltshire, nearby to close friend Jonathan Wilkes who lives in Swindon. Williams sold the mansion a year later to move back to Los Angeles.[citation needed]
Williams has reportedly battled mental illness, obesity, self-esteem issues, alcoholism, and substance abuse throughout his life.[87][88] He once discussed how his friend Elton John booked him into a clinic to cope with his drug use that emerged from the depression he was experiencing while still in Take That.[88] He entered a rehabilitation centre in Tucson for his addiction to the prescription pills Xanax, Seroxat/Paxil, Vicodin, and the energy drink Lucozade in February 2007[89] Williams used to smoke up to 60 cigarettes a day; he gave up in 2009 for his girlfriend Ayda Field.
Williams has a strong interest in UFOs and related paranormal phenomena, and has pursued this interest during his 2007–08 sabbatical.[90] His interest in the subject led to him taking part in a documentary for BBC Radio 4 with Jon Ronson. The documentary followed them to a UFO convention in Nevada. During an interview with Joss Stone on The Jeremy Kyle Show in 2008, Williams revealed that while out of his head on dispirin he has seen UFOs three times.[91] Williams said his first UFO sighting was when he was a child in Britain while he spotted his second in Beverly Hills, and added that the third sighting was just after he had written a song about alien contact.[91]
On 30 November 2009, Williams' hairdresser Aaron Vickers was found dead in woodland near to Williams' then home in Wiltshire. Vickers first met Williams in Los Angeles after being introduced by their mutual friend Jonathan Wilkes. When Williams bought the £8.5 million mansion in early 2009, Vickers lived at the estate for some months but had recently moved back in with his mother who lives nearby. Vickers was last seen by his boyfriend at 1am on 30 November, and his body was found hanged in the woods the following morning.[92][93]
Relationships[link]
Since May 2006, Williams has been in a relationship with the Turkish American actress Ayda Field.[94] They have reportedly been together for almost five years.[95] Despite several break up stories in the press[96][97][98] Williams and Field have been spotted together many times.[99][100][101] On 29 January 2008 they were pictured on vacation together at Mammoth Ski Resort in California, accompanied by Max Beesley.[102][103][104] She was featured in a UFO documentary that Williams did for BBC Radio 4 in April[105] and took part in a field investigation he did in Trout Lake, Washington in August 2008.[106]
On 8 November 2008, Williams was spotted with Field at football match at the Emirates Stadium home of Arsenal, where he was also seen with Gary Barlow accompanied by his two oldest children, and Williams's longtime friend Jonathan Wilkes.[107] The couple has been living together in a mansion in Wiltshire since the beginning of 2009 according to The Sun.[108] In October 2009, Field appeared in the video of Williams comeback single Bodies. Williams has been referring to Field as his "wife" in recent interviews.[109]
In November 2009, Williams announced to Jonathan Ross that he was 'in love' with Field.[110] On 26 November 2009, Williams proposed to Ayda Field live on the Australian radio channel 2dayfm in an interview on the Kyle and Jackie O Show.[111] However, it was later revealed by Williams' manager that it was "done as a joke following suggestions it was a stunt which was set up prior to the radio show." His spokesman confirmed: 'He did say it, but he did it in a jocular manner. They are not engaged.'[112] A few days later Williams himself denied the engagement, using his official blog to say "Hey all. We are not engaged. Rob.".[113][114] On 7 August 2010, Williams and Field married at his home in Los Angeles.[115] On 30 March 2012 Williams announced that he and his wife, Ayda, would become parents for the first time.[116]
Sexuality[link]
Williams won a libel case against MGN and Northern & Shell in December 2005 relating to articles which had reported he was a closet homosexual.[117] In the libel action that resulted from this, Williams accepted substantial damages, and the publishers accepted that the stories were untrue. His counsel, Tom Shields QC, told the court, "Mr Williams is not, and has never been, homosexual." Gay rights campaigner Peter Tatchell called for any damages paid out from the libel case to be donated to gay charities, claiming Williams' legal actions had created the impression that it is "bad to be gay."[118] Williams responded that he was not bothered about being labelled as a gay man, and he would have taken the same action had it been regarding a heterosexual relationship. In 2008, Williams's friend, actor Max Beesley, rejected claims that Williams was gay. Beesley said, "Some of the stuff written about him is enough to make me mad, the rumours about him being gay, for example. Not true. I've never met anybody less gay in my life!"[119]
Wealth[link]
In 2009, the Sunday Times Rich List claimed he was worth over £130 million.[120] In 2011 his wealth was estimated at £90 million.[121]
Williams is a lifelong supporter of Port Vale, based in his home town of Stoke-on-Trent. In February 2006 he bought £240,000 worth of shares in the club, making him the majority shareholder.[122] He also has a restaurant at Vale Park named in his honour.[123]
Health[link]
He revealed in 2011 he had been battling a lethargy caused by a type of hormone imbalance called a Andropause for a number of years and thought at first it was a return of his depression.[124][125]
Charity[link]
Williams has set up a charity in his home town entitled Give It Sum, its goal being to "improve local conditions and strengthen community life by giving money to those who are disadvantaged."[87][126]
Williams, with the help of friend Jonathan Wilkes, has organised charity football matches called Soccer Aid to raise money for UNICEF UK. A mixture of celebrities and professional football players have played Soccer Aid matches in 2006, 2008 and 2010 at Old Trafford in Manchester and Wembley Stadium in London.[127]
Williams has been the Patron of the children's charity the Donna Louise Trust based in his home town of Stoke-on-Trent, for the last 8 years. The charity offers respite and palliative care to terminally ill and life-limited children who are not expected to live past the age of 16.[128]
Awards[link]
Main article: List of Robbie Williams' Awards
Williams has won various awards with some of his more recognised accolades being the BRIT awards. He has won 17 BRIT awards which also include the BRITs he won with Take That making him the most successful artist in BRIT history. He has also won 8 Echo Awards from the German music industry.[82][129]
Discography[link]
Main article: Robbie Williams discography
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Tours[link]
- The Show Off Must Go On (October–November 1997)
- The Ego Has Landed (May–June 1998)
- One More for the Rogue Tour / For a Few Dollars More... Tour (1998–99)
- Robbie Williams North American Tours (1999)
- The Sermon on the Mount Tour (2000–01)
- Weddings, Barmitzvahs & Stadiums Tour / Sing When You're Pacific Rimming Tour (2001)
- Weekends of Mass Distraction Tour / Cock of Justice/Aussie Typo Tour (2003)
- Close Encounters Tour (2006)
References[link]
- ^ Rollings, Grant (5 February 2010). "Stars' crazy middle names". The Sun (News International): p. 8.
- ^ Topping, Alexandra (15 July 2010). "Robbie Williams rejoins Take That after 15 years". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/jul/15/robbie-williams-rejoins-take-that1. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
- ^ Chubb, Tina (12 July 2010). "Robbie Williams Rejoining Take That to Record Album « In Entertainment". Inentertainment.co.uk. http://www.inentertainment.co.uk/20100712/robbie-williams-rejoining-take-that-to-record-album/. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ Yahoo 21 November 2010
- ^ "Digital Spy 16 November 2010". Digitalspy.co.uk. 16 November 2010. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a288057/take-that-lp-posts-huge-sales.html. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ Bates, Daniel (11 January 2008). "£80 million Robbie spearheads artists strike in protest at EMI takeover". Daily Mail (London: Associated Newspapers). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-507556/80-million-Robbie-spearheads-artists-strike-protest-EMI-takeover.html. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
- ^ Sherwin, Phil (2010). The Port Vale Miscellany. Brimscombe Port: The History Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-7524-5777-2.
- ^ Clark, Laura; Wilkes, David (21 January 2008). "Parents furious as headteacher of troubled school takes three months off - to go skiing". London: Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-509391/Parents-furious-headteacher-troubled-school-takes-months--skiing.html. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
- ^ "Robbie doing it for the kids with awards". The Sentinel. 19 September 2008. http://www.thisisstaffordshire.co.uk/news/Robbie-doing-kids-awards/article-339261-detail/article.html. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
- ^ a b "Robbie Williams". 8notes.com. http://www.8notes.com/biographies/robbie_williams.asp. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Award Certification for "Angels"". BPI. Archived from the original on 3 January 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080103043315/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=27952. Retrieved 4 January 2008.
- ^ "Award Certification for "Life Thru A Lens"". BPI. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231042816/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=30745. Retrieved 4 January 2008.
- ^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards - 2002". IFPI. 2002. http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2002.html.
- ^ a b c d e "UK Top 40 Database". everyhit.com. http://www.everyhit.com/.
- ^ Dutchcharts.nl "Robbie Williams - Millennium". GfK Dutch Charts. http://www.dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Robbie+Williams&titel=Millennium&cat=s Dutchcharts.nl.
- ^ "Award Certification for "I've Been Expecting You"". BPI. Archived from the original on 31 December 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071231042831/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=31787. Retrieved 4 January 2008.
- ^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards:2001 AWARDS". IFPI. 2001. http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2001.html.
- ^ "Discography>Albums>Sing When You're Winning". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Controversial Robbie single hits the shops". BBC NEWS. 31 July 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/859988.stm.
- ^ "Robbie Williams - Sing When You're Winning (album)". GfK Dutch Charts. http://www.dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Robbie+Williams&titel=Sing+When+You%27re+Winning&cat=a.
- ^ "Award Certification for "Sing When You're Winning"". BPI. Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071106095819/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=29046. Retrieved 4 January 2008.
- ^ "Discography>Albums>Swing When You're Winning". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ www.devstars.com (22 December 2001). ""Somethin' Stupid" first week sales in the United Kingdom". Theofficialcharts.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080529052550/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/all_singles_song.php?id=916. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Award Certification for "Something Stupid"". BPI. Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071106095133/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=29997. Retrieved 4 January 2008.
- ^ "Robbie swings both ways". The Sun (London). 10 September 2002. http://www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,4-2002420301,00.html. [dead link]
- ^ "Award Certification for "Live at the Albert Hall"". BPI. Archived from the original on 6 November 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071106095926/http://www.bpi.co.uk/platinum/platinumright.asp?rq=search_plat&r_id=32440. Retrieved 4 January 2008.
- ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Robbie Williams)" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=&strInterpret=Robbie+Williams&strTtArt=alle&strAwards=checked.
- ^ "Robbie signs '£80m' deal". BBC NEWS. 2 October 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2291605.stm.
- ^ a b "Discography>Albums>Escapology". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Discography>Singles>Feel". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams - Feel (Single)". GfK Dutch Charts. http://www.dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Robbie+Williams&titel=Feel&cat=s.
- ^ a b "Escapology". Famous.y2u.co.uk. http://famous.y2u.co.uk/F_Robbie_Williams.htm. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Discography>Singles>Come Undone Official website". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ BPI Certification for "Escapology"[dead link]
- ^ "Discography>Albums>Greatest Hits". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ a b Booth, Jenny; Gray, Sadie. "UK's 100 best-selling". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article638531.ece?print=yes&randnum=1217442812968. Retrieved 26 November 2006.
- ^ "IFPI Platinum Europe Awards - 2006". IFPI. 2006. http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2006.html.
- ^ "Brits25: Did your favourites get awards?". BBC. 9 February 2005. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/news/brits2005/wdyt_2.shtml.
- ^ a b "Discography>Albums>Intensive Care". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams Enters The Guinness Book of World Records". Softpedia. 26 November 2005. http://news.softpedia.com/news/Robbie-Williams-Enters-The-Guinness-Book-of-World-Records-13394.shtml.
- ^ "Robbie Williams Misses Take That Reunion". Softpedia. 14 November 2005. http://news.softpedia.com/news/Robbie-Williams-Misses-Take-That-Reunion-12303.shtml.
- ^ Time. "EMI Music Mexico". Emimusic.com.mx. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071019102950/http://www.emimusic.com.mx/portal/hgxpp001.aspx?2,24,135,O,S,0,PAG;CONC;26;2;D;372970;1;PAG;,. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "NME Magazine on "Rudebox"". New Musical Express. UK. 23 October 2006. http://www.nme.com/reviews/robbie-williams/8052. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "The Sun, Williams' Worst Song EVER". London: Thesun.co.uk. 22 July 2006. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/article56833.ece. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "The Sun, Robbie: After you, Justin". London: Thesun.co.uk. 17 July 2006. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/article56097.ece. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "IFPI Certifications, November 2006". Ifpi.org. 1 September 2005. http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2006.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Gavin Martin (25 May 2007). "The boys are back in town". Daily Mirror. http://www.mirror.co.uk/showbiz/entertainment/music/tm_method=full%26objectid=19176631%26siteid=89520-name_page.html.
- ^ "Goodbye to the hard sell". Thefirstpost.co.uk. 12 March 2007. http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/index.php?menuID=2&subID=1514. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Dominik Lemanski (23 September 2007). "Three WAGs on Rob's bed". Daily Star. http://www.dailystar.co.uk/posts/view/16180/Three-WAGs-on-Rob-s-bed/.
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- ^ "Robbie planning 'amazing' new album". ITN. http://itn.co.uk/news/ebbc6ef6dc2b0b70e4a63137dcc1eae4.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Michaels, Sean (28 January 2009). "robbie williams album-mark ronson". Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/jan/28/robbie-williams-album-mark-ronson. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "New album title - Page 4". Mtv.it. http://www.mtv.it/music/inuscita/dischi_all.asp. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Glastetter, Jason (5 August 2009). "Robbie Williams is back for good". Theendofirony.net. http://www.theendofirony.net/2009/08/robbie-williams-is-back-for-good.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Louise Gannon (7 October 2009). "Robbie Williams, his new CD and how he's taking the world by storm all over again". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/moslive/article-1217429/Robbie-Williams-new-CD-hes-taking-world-storm-again.html?ITO=1490. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ The Comeback Kids, xfactor.itv.com. Retrieved 12 October 2009.
- ^ "BBC Electric Proms - Robbie Williams". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/electricproms/2009/artists/robbiewilliams/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Turns on Electric Proms". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/robbie-switches-the-bbc-electric-proms-2009. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Petridis, Alexis (21 October 2009). "Concert Review". Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/oct/21/robbie-williams-concert-review. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Sehr, Andres (3 November 2009). "Spotify.com". Spotify.com. http://www.spotify.com/blog/archives/2009/11/03/robbie-williams%E2%80%99-new-album-to-debut-exclusively-on-spotify-in-the-uk/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ a b "In And Out Of Consciousness: Robbie's Greatest Hits 1990-2010 Is Coming!". www.robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/in-and-out-of-consciousness-robbies-greatest-hits-1990-2010-coming. Retrieved 26 June 2010.
- ^ robbiewilliams.com
- ^ "Robbie Williams as vocal coach on Popstars". Focus. 26 August 2010. http://www.focus.de/kultur/kino_tv/medien-robbie-williams-als-gastcoach-bei-popstars_aid_545690.html. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
- ^ "You Know Me - Robbie's New Book Is Out Today!". RobbieWilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/you-know-me-book-out-today. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "Robbie Williams ist der erfolgreichste Album-Künstler des Jahrtausends - media control". Media-control.de. 18 October 2010. http://www.media-control.de/robbie-williams-ist-der-erfolgreichste-album-kuenstler-des-jahrtausends.html. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "Robbie Williams, Gary Barlow working on album - Music News". Digital Spy. 2 June 2011. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a322787/robbie-williams-gary-barlow-working-on-album.html. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ Robert Williams. "I Had The Best Night With Jay Last Night". RobbieWilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/i-had-the-best-night-with-jay-last-night. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ Robert Williams. "All Systems Go At The House...". RobbieWilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/all-systems-go-at-the-house. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "Robbie's New Album Set For Release By Universal Music". RobbieWillliams.com. 21 October 2011. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/robbies-new-album-set-for-release-by-universal-music. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ Moore, Matthew (11 December 2008). "Robbie Williams: I want to rejoin Take That". Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/3705276/Robbie-Williams-I-want-to-rejoin-Boy-Zone.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Published: 6:40AM GMT 27 Mar 2009 (27 March 2009). "Telegraph.co.cuk". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/5058174/Robbie-Williams-ready-to-rejoin-Take-That.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Robbie Williams & Kez reunite in New York? nme.com. Retrieved 11 October 2009.
- ^ "Gary talks about Take That reunion". BBC News. 19 November 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8368475.stm. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Take That Interview | Student Pocket Guide Online:". Thestudentpocketguide.com. http://www.thestudentpocketguide.com/interviews/Take_That. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ a b http://www.wembleystadium.com/pressbox/pressReleases/take-that-sold-out
- ^ "The One And Only". BBC. 5 January 2008. http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/01_january/05/one_superstars.shtml.
- ^ http://uk.news.yahoo.com/22/20100808/tot-uk-williams-wedding-4b7b872.html
- ^ "Robbie Williams: Albums, Songs, Biogs, Photos". Amazon.co.uk. 1 January 1970. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Robbie-Williams/e/B000AQ20Y8. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "Robbie confirms greatest hits double album, duet with Gary Barlow". EMI Music. 7 June 2010. http://www.emimusic.com/blog/2010/robbie-confirms-greatest-hits-double-album-duet-with-gary-barlow/. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "Robbie Williams Enters The Guinness Book of World Records". News.softpedia.com. http://news.softpedia.com/news/Robbie-Williams-Enters-The-Guinness-Book-of-World-Records-13394.shtml. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "The BRIT Awards 2005". BRIT Awards. Archived from the original on 2 July 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070702072306/http://brits.co.uk/show/2005/.
- ^ a b "Echo-Verleihung mit hohem Kreischfaktor" (in German). Rhein-Zeitung Online. http://rhein-zeitung.de/on/07/03/28/magazin/musik/t/rzo323926.html.
- ^ "Robbie joins UK pop Hall of Fame". BBC NEWS. 12 November 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4005595.stm.
- ^ "BBC.co.uk". BBC News. 22 October 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8321080.stm. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams switches on Blackpool illuminations". The BBC. 3 September 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-lancashire-11174416. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
- ^ "Robbie Williams Interview". MTV UK. http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/robbie-williams/news/155503-exclusive-robbie-williams-interview. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
- ^ a b Chris Heath (2004). Feel: Robbie Williams. London: Ebury. ISBN 978-0-09-189753-6.
- ^ a b Barnes, Anthony (29 August 2004). "Robbie's red-top revenge. Or how a star got his own back on the paparazzi". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/robbies-redtop-revenge-or-how-a-star-got-his-own-back-on-the-paparazzi-558178.html. Retrieved 29 August 2004.
- ^ Newton, Victoria (14 February 2007). "What drove Robbie to rehab". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/article/0,,4-2007070393,00.html. Retrieved 14 February 2007.
- ^ Ronson, Jon (19 April 2008). "I'm loving aliens instead". The Guardian (London). http://music.guardian.co.uk/pop/story/0,,2274878,00.html. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
- ^ a b "Robbie Williams claims: I've seen UFOs three times". London: Mail Online. 8 March 2008. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-528670/Ive-seen-UFOs-times-claims-Robbie-Williams.html.
- ^ Luke Salkeld (3 December 2009). "Robbie Williamd hairdresser found dead (3 Dec 2009)". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1232610/Robbie-Williamss-hairstylist-Aaron-Vickers-dead-woods.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams' hairdresser found dead (3 Dec 2009)". The Guardian (London). 3 December 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/feedarticle/8838584. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams + Ayda Field: "Ich habe meine Liebe gefunden"". Gala.de. http://www.gala.de/stars/news/73904/Robbie-Williams-und-Ayda-Field-Ich-habe-meine-Liebe-gefunden.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams wraps up with American actress Ayda Field" (in (Danish)). The Daily Mail (London). 28 November 2007. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/showbiz/showbiznews.html?in_article_id=496563&in_page_id=1773. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Robbie Williams Love Life on the Rocks[dead link]
- ^ "She's The.. Gone For Robbie Williams". People.Co.Uk. 20 January 2008. http://www.people.co.uk/showbiz/showbiz/tm_headline=she-s-the-gone-for-robbie-williams&method=full&objectid=20291364&siteid=93463-name_page.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Richard Simpson (25 June 2008). "Robbie Williams Splits with Girlfriend". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1029337/Unlucky-love-Robbie-Williams-loses-splitting-latest-girlfriend.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Samson, Pete (30 April 2008). "Robbie Williams has put on weight like Elvis after retiring - Singer seen playing golf with actress girlfriend Ayda Field". London: Thesun.co.uk. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/article1106244.ece. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams Swears It's This Big". Tmz.com. 8 May 2008. http://www.tmz.com/2008/05/08/robbie-williams-swears-its-this-big/#comments. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams enjoys a day out with his favourite person... and girlfriend Ayda comes too". Daily Mail (London). 10 October 2008. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1076154/Robbie-Williams-enjoys-day-favourite-person--girlfriend-Ayda-comes-too.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Aftonbladet". Aftonbladet.se. 4 February 2008. http://www.aftonbladet.se/webbtv/noje/article1762260.ab. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams News: Robbie Williams spotted in snowy California!". Robbiewilliamsnews.blogspot.com. 26 February 2004. http://robbiewilliamsnews.blogspot.com/2008/02/robbie-williams-spotted-in-snowy.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ My Robbie Williams Journey: images thanks to rwcm @purerobbie.com[dead link]
- ^ "Jon Ronson heads deep into the Nevada desert with UFO obsessed Robbie Williams". Guardian (London). 19 April 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/apr/19/popandrock.spaceexploration. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "And Robbie Williams Investigate UFOs at Gilliland Ranch, page 1". Abovetopsecret.com. http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread389179/pg1. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Back For Good? Robbie Williams and Gary Barlow reunite, Daily Mail Online, 8 November 2008
- ^ "TheSun.co.uk". London: TheSun.co.uk. 2 April 2009. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/bizarre/article2355332.ece. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Adams, Cameron (16 October 2009). "Robbie Williams 'nervous not drunk' during comeback performance". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/story/0,28383,26216584-5013560,00.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, Hot Sauce production for the BBC. First Broadcast 7 November 2009.
- ^ "2dayfm.com.au". 2dayfm.com.au. 27 November 2009. http://www.2dayfm.com.au/entertainment/daily_dirt//blog/robbie-proposes/20091127-6mnu.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Robbie Williams' claims proposal to be a joke, Daily Mail. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
- ^ Robbie Williams denies engagement rumours Digital Spy. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
- ^ Robbie Williams denies engagement rumours BBC News. Retrieved 28 November 2009.
- ^ Sara Nathan, Ben Todd (8 August 2010). "Robbie's a married man! Take That star ties the knot with Ayda Field at £12m mansion". Daily Mail, UK (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1301086/Robbie-Williams-prepares-tie-knot-Ayda-Field-12m-mansion.html. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
- ^ Blog Author: Robert Williams. ""Me And Ayda Are Going To Be Mummy And Daddy This Year"". RobbieWilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/me-and-ayda-are-going-to-be-mummy-and-daddy-year. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
- ^ "Williams wins 'gay' libel damages". BBC. 6 December 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4502834.stm. Retrieved 17 December 2006.
- ^ "Williams 'should donate damages'". BBC. 9 December 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4513430.stm. Retrieved 17 December 2006.
- ^ "Max Beesley: Robbie Williams is not gay!". Nowmagazine.co.uk. http://www.nowmagazine.co.uk/celeb_news/Max_Beesley_Robbie_Williams_is_not_gay_article_181582.html. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "Sunday Times Rich List 2009". Sunday Times (London). 26 April 2009. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1017485/Rotund-Robbie-Williams-gains-pounds--new-girl.html. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ "Sunday Times Rich List 2011". Therichest.org. http://www.therichest.org/entertainment/sunday-times-music-millionaires/. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "BBC Stoke & Staffordshire - Robbie buys into Vale". http://www.bbc.co.uk/stoke/content/articles/2006/02/27/robbie_williams_vale_stake_feature.shtml. Retrieved 17 December 2006.
- ^ "Williams given Port Vale honour". BBC News. 6 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/staffordshire/5153986.stm. Retrieved 13 July 2009.
- ^ "Robbie Williams | Williams Suffering From Hormone Imbalance". Contactmusic. 6 October 2010. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/williams-suffering-from-hormone-imbalance_1169373. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "Take That singer Robbie Williams admits to injecting himself with testosterone weekly". Dailytelegraph.com.au. 2 June 2011. http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/take-that-singer-robbie-williams-admits-to-injecting-himself-with-testosterone-weekly/story-e6frewyr-1226068200611. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "Robbie's Givin It Sum...". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/stoke/robbie/giveitsum/index.shtml. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
- ^ "Robbie Williams Kicks for Charity". Novinite=Sofia News Agency. 23 March 2006. http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=60916.
- ^ "Donna Louise Trust". Donna Louise Trust. http://www.donnalouisetrust.org/. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ "robbie-scoops-echo-award-in-germany". Robbiewilliams.com. http://www.robbiewilliams.com/news-blogs/robbie-scoops-echo-award-in-germany. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Williams, Robbie |
| Alternative names | Williams, Robert Peter |
| Short description | English singer |
| Date of birth | 13 February 1974 |
| Place of birth | Stoke-on-Trent, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Robbie_Williams
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Lisa Snowdon | |
|---|---|
| Born | Lisa Snawdon[1] (1972-01-23) 23 January 1972 (age 40) Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England |
| Height | 5 ft 10 in (1.78 m) |
| Hair colour | Brown |
| Eye colour | Blue |
| Measurements | 34D-24-35 |
| Weight | 64 kg (140 lb; 10.1 st) |
| Dress size | 6-8 (US); 38-40 (EU) |
| Website | |
| http://www.lisasnowdon.com | |
Lisa Snowdon (born 23 January 1972) is an English fashion model, television personality and presenter. She was the host of the reality television show Britain's Next Top Model from 2006 until 2009. She currently co-presents Capital Breakfast on Capital London.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born Lisa Snawdon,[1] in Welwyn Garden City, England to insurance salesman Nigel and hairdresser Lydia Snowdon, she has two younger sisters, Joanna and Lesley Anne.[2] She moved to London to attend the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts, where her classmates included Naomi Campbell, and she auditioned for the Minipops.[3] After her parents split up when she was 17, she stayed in London and worked briefly as a dance and yoga teacher.[citation needed]
Modelling[link]
A fan of Christy Turlington from age 14, she never thought about becoming a model.[4] Spotted by a Premier Model Management agent at age 19 while pole-dancing at a rave in London,[5] she was auditioned and signed up and started working with renowned photographers and became one of Britain's Top Fashion Models. Snowdon is best known for her beauty commercials and high-fashion cover and spread modelling, including cover shots for Vogue, Marie Claire and Elle; she was also the face for Gucci.[citation needed] She went on to be the "elevator girl" for Lynx deodorant (Axe in certain countries) in 2003,[citation needed] appeared in advertisements for Mercedes-Benz, Dove soap, and Kelloggs Special K, and was the face of campaigns for Neutrogena and After Eight mint straws, the Taxiwise safety campaign and numerous catalogues.[citation needed] Her modelling career led to appearances in Maxim, Arena, Loaded and GQ. She featured on FHM's List of FHM 100 Sexiest Women every year between 1996 and 2007 except for 1998.[citation needed] Snowdon returned to modelling when she became the face and model of Avon lingerie, and is one of the models for the Marks & Spencer autumn 2010 campaign.[5] As of 2010, she is the face of Belvita breakfast biscuits, having appeared in adverts for the biscuits with fellow Capital FM DJ Johnny Vaughan.
Acting[link]
Snowdon had a starring role in Channel 4's short film Man's Best Friend.[citation needed] She also had a cameo role in the Channel 4 programme, Plus One.[6]
Television[link]
Her first presenting role was on MTV UK's MTV Select. She would later host a number of other MTV shows before moving to do voice-overs on VH1 and host Lisa Snowdon's All Access for VH1.[citation needed] She took over the role from Lisa Butcher as the "supermodel" judge and host on Britain's Next Top Model.[4] Snowdon left the show to concentrate on her radio show and was replaced by Elle Macpherson as of season six.[7] This later role led to a series of stand-in and guest presenting roles on British terrestrial television, where in June 2007 she guest-presented the BBC's Sunday morning show Something for the Weekend, and, in August, Channel 4's tea time show Richard & Judy alongside David Walliams.[citation needed] In autumn 2007, she was announced as the new co-presenter of Through the Keyhole with Sir David Frost on BBC One. She was a guest panellist on Loose Women in November 2009.[citation needed] She was a guest on the 4th episode of The Real Hustle: Celebrity Scammers where she performed a long con where she had to convinced someone that a cheap painting was worth a fortune. The scam was called The Art Attack.[citation needed]
Radio[link]
At the end of August 2008, it was announced that Snowdon was to be the permanent replacement for Denise van Outen on the London station as co-host with Jonny Vaughan.[8][9] In January 2010, the pair signed a two-year deal to continue presenting the show.[10] On 1 December 2011 it was confirmed she would remain at Capital.[11] She has been given the nickname 'Eggy' on the show by colleague Dave Berry after her penchant for boiled eggs and the smell they give in the studio.
[edit] Strictly Come Dancing
Snowdon took part in the sixth series of Strictly Come Dancing on the BBC paired with Brendan Cole,[12] competing against other celebrities. Despite pulling off a perfect score in the final three, she came third in the public votes and was knocked out of the show.[13][14]
Charitable activities[link]
In 2005, Snowdon became an ambassador for the breast cancer care charity. On 3 September 2011 she appeared on ITV's All Star Family Fortunes as a contestant along with her family. Competing against actor Will Mellor, they eventually won £30,000 for Breast Cancer Care.[15][16]
In 2008, she participated in a celebrity edition of The Apprentice as part of the BBC's biennial Sport Relief event. In 2010, Snowdon became an Ambassador of Capital FM's Help a Capital Child charity.[17]
In November 2010, after turning on the Bond Street Christmas Lights, she was rushed to hospital and diagnosed with viral meningitis.[18] As a result, she began raising money and acting as an ambassador for the Meningitis Trust.
Personal life[link]
Snowdon was in a five-year on/off relationship with actor George Clooney. The pair met when shooting an advertisement for Martini in 2000,[19] with their relationship well reported in the tabloids on both sides of the Atlantic.[2]
Snowdon lives in Epping Forest,[2] and has a flat in Camden, North London, which she uses during the week.[20]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Boy George 40" May 07, 2001, People Magazine
- ^ a b c "LISA SNOWDON: I RECYCLE MY BOYFRIENDS!". Sunday Mirror. 7 March 2007. http://66.102.9.104/search?q=cache:y9JBk1kqbYkJ:www.mirror.co.uk/life-style/sex-health/sex-and-relationships/2007/03/07/lisa-snowdon-i-recycle-my-boyfriends-89520-18717480/+lisa+snowden+miss+x&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&client=safari. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcnkMX6Dtfo&feature=related
- ^ a b Matthew Stadlen (May 2, 2009). "5minutes with ....". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8029438.stm. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
- ^ a b Ruby Warrington (March 30, 2010). "Lisa Snowdon: the one that got away". London: The Times. http://women.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/women/celebrity/article7133536.ece. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
- ^ "Plus One - Interviews - Daniel Mays on Playing Rob Black". Channel 4. 22 December 2008. http://www.channel4.com/programmes/plus-one/articles/daniel-mays-on-playing-rob-black. Retrieved 20 May 2009.
- ^ "I’m not against size zero...you can’t put heifers on the catwalk". London: The Sun. 7 July 2008. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/woman/article1387188.ece. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
- ^ Plunkett, John (28 August 2008). "Lisa Snowdon replaces Denise Van Outen on 95.8 Capital FM". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/aug/28/commercialradio.radio. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
- ^ "New breakfast presenter for Capital". Radio Today. 28 August 2008. http://www.radiotoday.co.uk/news.php?extend.3745.2. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
- ^ Plunkett, John (11 January 2010). "Johnny Vaughan and Lisa Snowdon sign two-year Capital deal". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/jan/11/johnny-vaughan-lisa-snowdon.
- ^ Dave Berry to replace Johnny Vaughan on Capital breakfast show John Plunkett, Guardian, 1 December 2011
- ^ "Lisa Snowdon's horror at Brendan Cole pairing". Sunday Mirror. 31 August 2008. http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/latest/2008/08/31/lisa-snowden-s-horror-at-brendan-cole-pairing-115875-20718980/. Retrieved 31 August 2008.
- ^ "Strictly celebrities are unveiled". bbc.co.uk. 28 August 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7585656.stm. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
- ^ "Lisa Snowdon". bbc.co.uk. http://www.bbc.co.uk/strictlycomedancing/contestants/lisa_snowdon.shtml. Retrieved 31 August 2008. [dead link]
- ^ " Lisa Snowdon to appear in Sport Relief Does The Apprentice for charity", Charities Aid Foundation, 28 February 2008, Retrieved on 29 February 2008
- ^ Breast Cancer Care [dead link]
- ^ Charity at Capital FM web site
- ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1332741/Lisa-Snowdon-meningitis-DJ-rushed-hospital.html
- ^ Smith, Lizzie (9 August 2008). "'I've been celibate for a year... Men don't think they can match up to Clooney', say Lisa Snowdon". London: Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1043116/Ive-celibate-year--Men-dont-think-match-Clooney-say-Lisa-Snowdon.html. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ^ Tyzack, Anna (23 April 2010). "My perfect weekend: Lisa Snowdon". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/7616019/My-perfect-weekend-Lisa-Snowdon.html.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Snowdon, Lisa |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1972-1-23 |
| Place of birth | Welwyn Garden City, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Lisa_Snowdon
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Lisa Snowdon
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa_Snowdon
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Leigh Francis | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Leigh Francis |
| Born | (1973-05-30) 30 May 1973 (age 39) Old Farnley, West Yorkshire, England |
| Medium | Television |
| Nationality | British |
| Years active | 1999–present |
| Genres | Character comedy Impressions Parody Sketch |
| Subject(s) | Celebrity |
| Spouse | Jill Carter (m. 2003–present) |
| Notable works and roles | Bo' Selecta (2002–2006) Keith Lemon's Very Brilliant World Tour (2008) Celebrity Juice (2008–present) Keith Lemon's Lemonaid (2012–present) |
Leigh Francis (born 30 May 1973)[1] is an English entertainer, best known for creating Channel 4's Bo' Selecta! and portraying Keith Lemon in several ITV shows.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Francis was born on 30 May 1973 and brought up on a council estate in Old Farnley, Leeds. His father died aged 47 of cancer,[2] and his mother and sister live in Spain.[3] His grandparents were from the Burgenland area of Austria, hence his middle name, in honour of them. Francis attended Farnley Park High School (which later changed its name to Farnley Park Maths and Computing College and is now The Farnley Academy), formerly Harrington High School in Leeds. He later studied at the Leeds College of Art and received a qualification in graphic design. Before making his major television breakthrough, he was discovered and encouraged by television presenter Davina McCall, performing in-role stand up comedy in a Southern comedy club. McCall landed Francis his first television role on Dom and Kirk's Nite O Plenty, where he portrayed Bobby Stark, a man who gives tips on how to win over the ladies. The series aired on Paramount Television from January to July 1996. Francis' second television role was as Barry Gibson, a music paparazzo, featured on the early series of Channel 4's Popworld.
Personal life[link]
Francis lives in Camden Town, London, and on 31 October 2003, at Allerton Castle, North Yorkshire, he married Jill Carter,[4] a beauty therapist. Their first daughter, Matilda, was born in February 2009.[3]
Career[link]
His major TV breakthrough occurred when Channel 4 offered him a £250,000 deal to produce a series based around his portrayal of television characters, such as his previous roles as Bobby Stark and Barry Gibson, and in 2002, Bo' Selecta! was born. The series featured Francis portraying a series of celebrities by wearing face masks to impersonate them, as well as portraying the main, non-celebrity character, Avid Merrion. The programme lasted for five series, airing between 2002 and 2006, however, the last two series were only loosely based on the original three. Season 4 was subtitled A Bear's Tail, and was based around another of his characters, The Bear. Season 5 returned to Avid Merrion and was called Bo! in the USA.
Following the axing of Bo' Selecta!, Francis took one of the series characters, Keith Lemon, and created a brand new show, Keith Lemon's Very Brilliant World Tour, which aired on ITV2 in April 2008. The show was a success, and subsequently, Francis created another new show featuring Lemon, Celebrity Juice, which has aired seven series to date. Lemon also co-hosted Sing If You Can with Stacey Solomon, and since 7 April 2012 he has hosted his new show Keith Lemon's Lemonaid on ITV1. In November 2011, it was revealed that Lemon would make his feature film debut in Keith Lemon: The Film, with production starting later that month.[5]
Characterisation[link]
Francis is known to conduct almost every interview in one of his celebrity guises, being interviewed as Avid Merrion during Bo' Selecta's run between 2002 and 2006, and as Keith Lemon ever since. In an interview given in an episode of Comedy Map of Britain, Francis, for the first time out-of-character, claimed that Avid Merrion's accent and dialects were inspired by his former teacher at the Leeds College of Art, Laimonis Mierins. He also pointed out that Merrion is a misspelling of Mierins and is nothing to do with the Merrion Centre in Leeds, which many people assume. Many people do not understand that Merrion and Lemon are fictional creations, and consequently, Francis' name means very little to the general public. He did conduct further interviews as himself for The Frank Skinner Show, Loose Women, Big Brother's Little Brother and The Jonathan Ross Show.
Characters[link]
Further information: List of Bo' Selecta! characters
Further information: Keith Lemon
References[link]
- ^ Leigh Francis (@LeighFrancis) op Twitter. Twitter.com. Retrieved on 2012-05-25.
- ^ We grin and he bears it. Telegraph.co.uk. (2005-07-12). Retrieved on 2012-05-25.
- ^ a b Leigh Francis: 'I'm just not very good at being me'. Entertainment.timesonline.co.uk (2012-04-26). Retrieved on 2012-05-25.
- ^ Marriages England and Wales 1984–2005. Findmypast.co.uk. Retrieved on 2012-05-25.
- ^ Flickering Myth http://flickeringmyth.blogspot.com/2011/11/keith-lemon-coming-to-big-screen-for.html
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Francis, Leigh |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 30 May 1974 |
| Place of birth | Leeds, West Yorkshire, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Leigh_Francis
Related pages:
http://pt.wn.com/Leigh Francis
http://it.wn.com/Leigh Francis
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leigh_Francis
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ed Sheeran | |
|---|---|
 Ed Sheeran |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Edward Christopher Sheeran |
| Born | (1991-02-17) 17 February 1991 (age 21) |
| Origin | Halifax, England |
| Genres | Folk, acoustic, hip hop, grime |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter, producer, rapper, beatboxer |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, BOSS Loop Pedal RC-30 |
| Years active | 2005–present |
| Labels | Asylum, Atlantic Records |
| Associated acts | Yelawolf, Devlin, Wiley, Ghetts, P Money, Wretch 32, Sway DaSafo, Jamie Woon, Yasmin, Amy Wadge[1] |
| Website | edsheeran.com |
Edward Christopher "Ed" Sheeran (born 17 February 1991) is an English singer-songwriter who is currently signed to Asylum / Atlantic Records.[2] Sheeran broke through commercially in June 2011, when his debut single "The A Team" debuted at number 3 on the UK chart.[3]
Contents |
Life and career[link]
1991–2011: Early life and career beginnings[link]
Sheeran was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire to Irish[4] and English[5] parents, before moving to Framlingham, Suffolk; he is a cousin of TV journalist and presenter Gordon Burns.[6] He learned guitar at a very young age, and began writing songs during his time at Thomas Mills High School in Framlingham.[7] His early childhood memories, referred to in a interview on the Zane Lowe show, included listening to Van Morrison on his countless trips to London with his parents and going to an intimate gig with Damien Rice in Ireland when he was 11.[8] He also opened for Nizlopi in Norwich in April 2008 after being one of their guitar technicians.[7] Sheeran began recording in 2005, which led to the release of his first EP, The Orange Room EP. Sheeran also released 2 albums, a self-titled one in 2006 and Want Some? in 2007. He moved to London in 2008 to play gigs, starting off in very small venues, playing every day, to as little as five people. In 2008, he auditioned for the ITV series Britannia High.[9]
In 2009, Sheeran played 312 gigs. He said that he read an interview with James Morrison that said that Morrison had done 200 gigs in a year, and Sheeran wanted to beat him on this number.[10] Also in 2009, he released another EP, You Need Me, just before going on tour with Just Jack. He also did a few collaborations with Leddra Chapman, including Cee Lo Green's Fuck You. In February 2010 Sheeran posted a video through SB.TV, which led to mainstream rapper Example asking Sheeran to tour with him. Also in February 2010 he released his critically acclaimed Loose Change EP, which featured his later debut single "The A Team".
In April 2010, after leaving his old management company, Sheeran bought a ticket to Los Angeles, with no contacts other than one poetry night. He played open mic nights all over the city, before his talent was spotted at The Foxxhole by Jamie Foxx, who was so impressed that he offered Sheeran the use of his recording studio and the run of his Hollywood home for the rest of his stay. Throughout 2010, Sheeran began to be seen by more people over the internet through YouTube and his fan-base grew, with him also getting credit from The Independent newspaper, England football captain Rio Ferdinand and Elton John.[11] Sheeran also self-released two other EPs in 2010; Ed Sheeran: Live at the Bedford and Songs I Wrote With Amy, which is a collection of love songs he wrote in Wales with fellow singer songwriter Amy Wadge.
On 8 January 2011, Sheeran released his final independent EP, No. 5 Collaborations Project featuring appearances by grime artists including Wiley, JME, Devlin, Sway and Ghetts.[2] With this EP, Sheeran gained mainstream attention for reaching number 2 in the iTunes chart without any promotion or label, selling over 7,000 copies in its first week.[12] Three months later, Sheeran put on a free show to fans at the Barfly in Camden. Over 1,000 fans turned up to see the show, so Sheeran ended up playing four different shows to make sure everyone saw a gig, including a gig outside on the street after the venue had closed. Later that month, Sheeran was signed to Asylum / Atlantic Records.
[edit] 2011–present: + and commercial success
On 26 April, Sheeran appeared on the TV music show Later... with Jools Holland – where he performed his debut single "The A Team". Six weeks later, "The A Team" was released as a digital download in the UK. The release served as the lead single from Sheeran's debut studio album, entitled +. "The A Team" entered the UK Singles Chart at number three, selling over 58,000 copies in the first week. It was congratulated on being the best selling debut single and the overall eight best selling single of 2011, shifting 801,000 copies.[13] The lead single also became a top ten hit in Australia, Germany, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Norway and the Netherlands. During a headline set in the BBC Introducing tent at Glastonbury Festival 2011, Sheeran announced that "You Need Me, I Don't Need You" would be released on 28 August as the second single from the album. The second single peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart.[14]
Sheeran's debut album + was released on 12 September 2011. + received generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 65, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[15] + debuted number one on the UK Albums Chart, selling 102,000 copies in its first week.[16] It became the second best selling debut album and the ninth biggest-selling album of 2011 in the UK, shifting 791,000 copies.[17] The album climbed back up to number one on the UK Albums Chart on 1 January 2012, fifteen weeks after it last peaked at the top. The album has been certified triple platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for shipments of 900,000 units.[18] As of March 2012, the album had sold 1,021,072 copies in the UK.[19] The album also reached the top ten on the Australian Albums Chart, Flanders Belgian Albums Chart,[20] Dutch Albums Chart,[21] Irish Albums Chart,[22] New Zealand Albums Chart[23] and the Swiss Albums Chart.[24]
On 11 November 2011, soul ballad "Lego House" was released as the third single lifted from the debut studio album +.[25] It received its first radio play on BBC Radio 1 on 8 September 2011.[26][27] It entered the UK Singles Chart at number five, on 17 November. "Lego House" also reached the top ten on Australian, Irish, Scottish, New Zealand Singles Charts, Flemish Ultratop 50 and the Wallonian Ultratip. "Drunk" was released on 19 February 2012 as the fourth single lifted from +.[28] "Drunk" became the Sheeran's fourth consecutive top ten single in the UK, when it peaked at number nine.[29] "Small Bump" is scheduled for a release in late May 2012 as the fifth single.[30]
The song "Moments" on the debut album by boy band One Direction was co-written by Sheeran.[31] On 21 February 2012, Sheeran attended the 2012 Brit Awards, he received the Brit Award for Best British Male Solo Artist, and British Breaktrough of the Year.[32][33]
On 10 January 2012, it was announced Sheeran would support Snow Patrol on their United States tour from late March until May. On the band's Fallen Empires Tour.[34]
His song "Give Me Love" was featured in the episode "Dangerous Liaisons" of The Vampire Diaries.[35][36] At the 2012 Ivor Novello Awards in May 2012, Sheeran's "The A Team" beat Adele's "Rolling In The Deep" and Florence and the Machine's "Shake It Out", winning the award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically.[37]
Philanthropy[link]
Sheeran will perform a gig in Bristol, which has raised £40,000 for a charity that reaches out to street sex workers. Sheeran agreed to the event after one of the women One25 helps contacted him. "It's good to show insight that these people are real people with real emotions and they deserve the same charity work as anyone else," Sheeran said. "There's a lot more popular charities that get a lot of attention. And with certain subjects like this they're often washed over and people don't necessarily give them the attention they deserve." Tickets were available to those taking part in the charity's Give it up for One25 campaign by giving something up for 125 hours and hitting the £125 fundraising mark. Louise Willott, who organised the event at The Fleece, said of Sheeran: "He had volunteered in Crisis in London. which is a homeless shelter, and he had met a woman who told him her story. Her name was Angel. "He then went and did some more research about the issues and obviously he must have been moved and inspired to have written The A Team." Willott added: "The Fleece is quite a small venue - it only holds about 400, which makes it extra exciting as it's really intimate and Ed's not playing those size venues anymore. In total this has raised about £40,000 for the project. Its just going to give us such a boost. This is a difficult time for any charity. There's less money available and there's more competition for it, so to have one event raise £40,000 is just incredible."[38]
Discography[link]
Main article: Ed Sheeran discography
Album[link]
- + (2011)
Tour[link]
Opening act
- Fallen Empires Tour (North American select dates) (2012)
Filmography[link]
Television[link]
| Television | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2011 | Later... with Jools Holland | Musical guest | Series 39, episode 9 |
Awards and nominations[link]
[edit] BRIT Awards
| Year | Nomination | Nominated Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | British Breakthrough Act | Himself | Won |
| British Solo Male Artist | Won | ||
| Best British Single | "The A Team" | Nominated | |
| MasterCard British Album of the year | "+" | Nominated |
[edit] BT Digital Music Awards
| Year | Nomination | Nominated Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Breakthrough Artist of the year | Himself | Won |
[edit] Ivor Novello Awards
| Year | Nomination | Nominated Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Best Song Musically and Lyrically | "The A Team" | Won |
[edit] MOBO Awards
| Year | Nomination | Nominated Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Best Newcomer | Himself | Nominated |
[edit] Q Awards
| Year | Nomination | Nominated Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Breakthrough Artist | Himself | Won |
| Best Single | "You Need Me,I don't need You" | Won |
[edit] UK Music Video Awards
| Year | Nomination | Nominated Work | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Best Urban Video-UK | "You Need Me, I don't need you" | Nominated |
| Best Editing in a Video | Nominated |
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ BBC - Wales Music: Amy Wadge: my role in Ed Sheeran's success
- ^ a b Haugh, Richard (10 January 2011). "Ed Sheeran battles Rihanna for top spot in album chart". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/suffolk/hi/people_and_places/music/newsid_9354000/9354954.stm. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ "Ed Sheeran – UK Charts". www.chartstats.com/. http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=12818.
- ^ Clayton-Lea, Tony (9 September 2011). "Ed Sheeran". The Irish Times. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/theticket/2011/0909/1224303728073.html.
- ^ Arthur’s Day: Ed Sheeran interview
- ^ Gordon Burns so proud over cousin Ed Sheeran's Brit Awards success Manchester Evening News,23 February 2012.Retrieved 23 February 2012.
- ^ a b "Introducing – Ed Sheeran". BBC Suffolk. April 2008. http://www.bbc.co.uk/suffolk/content/articles/2008/04/22/introducing_ed_sheeran_feature.shtml. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ Tony Fentons Blog > Daily Download – Ed Sheeran
- ^ "Interview: Ed Sheeran, musician". Edinburgh Evening News. 5 January 2012. http://www.scotsman.com/edinburgh-evening-news/edinburgh/interview-ed-sheeran-musician-1-2039807. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
- ^ "The amazing story of Ed Sheeran". http://highand45.wordpress.com/2011/05/20/the-amazing-story-of-ed-sheeran/. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
- ^ "Elt says Ed’s the Cat’s whiskers | The Sun |Showbiz|Music". London: The Sun. 15 January 2011. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/showbiz/music/3353185/Elt-says-Eds-the-Cats-whiskers.html. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ^ BBC Suffolk (13 January 2011). "Ed Sheeran signs with Asylum Records / Atlantic Records following ‘No. 5 Collaborations Project’ success". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/suffolk/hi/people_and_places/music/newsid_9354000/9354954.stm. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ^ http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-top-20-biggest-selling-singles-of-2011-revealed/
- ^ http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/1/2011-09-10/
- ^ http://www.metacritic.com/music/+/critic-reviews
- ^ Sperling, Daniel (18 September 2011). "Ed Sheeran tops UK album chart with '+'". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a340995/ed-sheeran-tops-uk-album-chart-with-.html. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
- ^ http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-top-20-biggest-selling-albums-of-2011-revealed/
- ^ http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/Search.aspx
- ^ Alan Jones (5 March 2012). "Official Chart Analysis: Sande thrives in Scotland, Ed Sheeran album tops 1m sales in UK". Music Week. http://www.musicweek.com/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=1048723&c=1. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Ed Sheeran – +". ultratop.be. http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Ed+Sheeran&titel=%2B&cat=a. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ "dutchcharts.nl – Ed Sheeran – +". Hung Medien. http://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Ed+Sheeran&titel=%2B&cat=a. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
- ^ "GFK Chart-Track". Chart-track.co.uk. http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240002&arch=t&lyr=2011&year=2011&week=37. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ "charts.org.nz – Ed Sheeran – +". Hung Medien. http://charts.org.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Ed+Sheeran&titel=%2B&cat=a. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
- ^ Steffen Hung. "Ed Sheeran – +". hitparade.ch. http://hitparade.ch/showitem.asp?interpret=Ed+Sheeran&titel=%2B&cat=a. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ iTunes - Music - Lego House - EP by Ed Sheeran
- ^ Zane Lowe. "Zane Lowe's Hottest Records blog: Hottest Record – Ed Sheeran – Lego House". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/zanelowe/2011/09/hottest_record_-_ed_sheeran_-_3.html. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ "iTunes – Music – Lego House – EP by Ed Sheeran". Itunes.apple.com. 11 November 2011. http://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/lego-house-ep/id474197789. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ Preorder Drunk Remixes EP on iTunes
- ^ http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/1/2012-03-10/
- ^ http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a373175/ed-sheeran-confirms-new-single-small-bump-listen.html
- ^ "One Direction name debut album". Digital Spy. 2012-11-02. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a345784/one-direction-name-debut-album-up-all-night-reveal-cover.html.
- ^ Brit Awards 2012: List of winners BBC. Retrieved 22 February 2012
- ^ Adele, Coldplay Lead BRIT Award Nominations Rolling Stone. Retrieved 4 February 2012
- ^ "Ed Sheeran Announces US Supporting Tour". Sinchronicity. 11 January 2012. http://sinchronicitymagazine.com/2012/01/ed-sheeran-announces-us-tour/. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
- ^ "Ahhh wicked, my song Give Me Love was used in the Vampire diaries tonight". Twitter / Ed Sheeran. 10 February 2012. http://twitter.com/#!/edsheeran/status/167816787298230272. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ Carina Adly MacKenzie (10 February 2012). "'The Vampire Diaries' recap: In which Elena is starting to get on our nerves". Zap2it. http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2012/02/the-vampire-diaries-recap-are-you-suggesting-i-cant-be-gentle.html. Retrieved 16 February 2012.
- ^ "Adele wins Ivor Novello Awards double". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-18107224. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-bristol-18163708
External links[link]
- Interview
- Official website
- Ed Sheeran on Myspace
- Ed Sheeran on Facebook
- Ed Sheeran on Twitter
- Ed Sheeran's channel on YouTube
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sheeran, Ed |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | English singer/songwriter |
| Date of birth | 17 February 1991 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Ed_Sheeran
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Ширан, Эд
http://fr.wn.com/Ed Sheeran
http://nl.wn.com/Ed Sheeran
http://pt.wn.com/Ed Sheeran
http://de.wn.com/Ed Sheeran
http://it.wn.com/Ed Sheeran
http://es.wn.com/Ed Sheeran
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Sheeran
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Snowdon (Welsh: Yr Wyddfa, pronounced [əɾ ˈwɪðva]) is the highest mountain in Wales, at an altitude of 1,085 metres (3,560 ft) above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles outside Scotland. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (Parc Cenedlaethol Eryri) in Gwynedd, and has been described as "probably the busiest mountain in Britain". It is designated as a national nature reserve for its rare flora and fauna.
The rocks that form Snowdon were produced by volcanoes in the Ordovician period, and the massif has been extensively sculpted by glaciation, forming the pyramidal peak of Snowdon and the arêtes of Crib Goch and Y Lliwedd. The cliff faces on Snowdon, including Clogwyn Du'r Arddu, are significant for rock climbing, and the mountain was used by Edmund Hillary in training for the 1953 ascent of Mount Everest.
Snowdon boasts some of the best views in Britain, and the summit can be reached by a number of well-known paths. The summit can also be reached on the Snowdon Mountain Railway, a rack and pinion railway opened in 1896 which carries passengers the 4.7 miles (7.6 km) from Llanberis to the summit station. The summit also houses a visitor centre called Hafod Eryri, built in 2006 to replace one built in the 1930s.
