Lothian

Thursday, 14 February 2013

Sammy Burns' Yard Prestonpans East Lothian

The Golf Coast of Scotland - Golf East Lothian

East Fortune Hospital - Abandoned Hospital - East Lothian

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Angus
Angus (Scottish Gaelic: Aonghas) is one of the 32 local government council areas of Scotland, a registration county and a lieutenancy area. The council area borders Aberdeenshire, Perth and Kinross and Dundee City. Main industries include agriculture and fishing.
Angus was historically a county (known officially as Forfarshire from the 18th century until 1928, when it reverted to its ancient name) until 1975 when it became a district of the Tayside Region. In 1996, two-tier local government was abolished and Angus was established as one of the replacement single-tier Council Areas. The former county had borders with Kincardineshire to the north-east, Aberdeenshire to the north and Perthshire to the west. Southwards, it faced Fife across the Firth of Tay. The boundaries of the present council area are exactly the same as those of the old county minus the City of Dundee.
Areas similar to that of the council area are covered by the Angus Westminster constituency for the UK Parliament and the area is also represented at the Scottish Parliament by both the Angus and North Tayside Holyrood constituencies.

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Annandale
Coordinates: 55°12′00″N 3°24′00″W / 55.200°N 3.400°W / 55.200; -3.400
Annandale (Gaelic: Strath Annan) is a strath in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, named after the River Annan. It runs north-south through the Southern Uplands from Annanhead (north of Moffat) to Annan on the Solway Firth and in its higher reaches it separates the Moffat hills on the east from the Lowther hills to the west. A 53 mile long-distance walking route called Annandale Way running through Annandale (from the source of the River Annan to the sea) was opened in September 2009.
Annandale was also an historic district of Scotland, bordering Liddesdale to the east, Nithsdale to the west, Clydesdale and Tweeddale to the north and the Solway Firth to the south. The district which was in the Sheriffdom of Dumfries and later became part of the County of Dumfries, one of the counties of Scotland. The main reorganisation took place during the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, which established a uniform system of county councils and town councils in Scotland and restructured many of Scotland’s counties. (See: History of local government in the United Kingdom). It is one of three subdivisions of Dumfriesshire, along with Eskdale (previously part of Liddesdale) and Nithsdale.

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Appin
Coordinates: 56°33′44″N 5°21′32″W / 56.562222°N 5.358889°W / 56.562222; -5.358889
Appin (Scottish Gaelic: An Apainn) is a remote coastal district of the Scottish West Highlands bounded to the west by Loch Linnhe, to the south by Loch Creran, to the east by the districts of Benderloch and Lorne, and to the north by Loch Leven. It lies north-east to south-west, and measures 14 miles (23 km) in length by 7 miles (11 km) in breadth.
The district is mainly in Argyll and Bute, with a coastal strip to the north, along Loch Leven, within the Highland council area.
The scenery of the coast is extremely beautiful - a combination of seascapes and rugged and mountainous country inland - and Appin forms part of the Lynn of Lorn National Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland. The principal hills are double peaks of Beinn a' Bheithir - 3,362 feet (1,025 m) and 3,284 feet (1,001 m) - and Creag Ghorm - 2,372 feet (723 m) - in the north, and Fraochaidh 2,883 feet (879 m), Meall Bàn 2,148 feet (655 m) and Beinn Mhic na Céisich 2,093 feet (638 m) near the western flank of Glen Creran. The chief rivers are the Coe and Laroch, flowing into Loch Leven, the Duror and Salachan flowing into Loch Linnhe, and the Iola and Creran flowing into Loch Creran. The leading industries are forestry and tourism, lead mining and slate quarrying and being of former importance but the superquarry Glensanda, in Morvern, on the opposite bank of Loch Linnhe provides employment. Ballachulish, Duror, Portnacroish, Appin and Port Appin are the principal villages. Appin was the country of a branch of the Stuarts.

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Applecross
Coordinates: 57°25′59″N 5°48′34″W / 57.43304°N 5.80958°W / 57.43304; -5.80958
The Applecross peninsula (Scottish Gaelic: A' Chomraich ‘The Sanctuary’) is a peninsula in Wester Ross, Highland, on the west coast of Scotland. The name Applecross is at least 1300 years old and is not used locally to refer to the 19th century village with the pub and post office, lying on the small Applecross Bay, facing the Inner Sound, on the opposite side of which lies the Inner Hebridean island of Raasay.
This row of houses which is often referred to as 'Applecross', and is marked as Applecross on some maps, is actually called 'Shore Street' and is referred to locally just as 'The Street'. The name Applecross applies to all the settlements around the peninsula, including Toscaig, Culduie, Camusterrach, Milltown, Sand, 'The Street', Lonbain and many others. Applecross is also the name of the local estate and the civil parish, which includes Shieldaig and Torridon, and has a population of 544. The small River Applecross flows into the bay at Applecross.

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Ardgour
Ardgour (Scottish Gaelic: Ard Ghobhar, meaning Height of the goats) is a district of Lochaber on Ardnamurchan peninisula on the western shore of Loch Linnhe, in Highland Scotland.
The term Ardgour, together with Kingairloch, is applied to a large area of countryside around the village, from the Glensanda Superquarry, Kingairloch and Kilmalieu in the south and west (bordering Morvern and Sunart districts), up to Conaglen, Treslaig, Camasnagaul, Achaphubuil and Blaich in the north (bordering Glenfinnan).
The area is served by the A861 road. The easiest access from the south is via a short ferry crossing from Corran; the alternative is a 40 mile trip around Loch Linnhe and Loch Eil. The ferries run every half hour until about 9 pm and cost £6.40 per vehicle for a single ticket . Foot passengers and bicycles are carried free of charge.
Ardgour has formed part of the territory of the Clan MacLean ever since the MacMasters were removed from the territory in the 15th Century. The current Laird of Ardgour, Robin Maclean, is a MacLean by adoption. He is the nephew of the last hereditary Maclean of Ardgour - a Lady Laird - having changed his name by legal action.

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Ardnamurchan
Coordinates: 56°44′N 5°59′W / 56.733°N 5.983°W / 56.733; -5.983
Ardnamurchan (Scottish Gaelic: Àird nam Murchan: headland of the great seas) is a 50 square miles (130 km²) peninsula in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland, noted for being very unspoilt and undisturbed. Its remoteness is accentuated by the main access route being a single track road for much of its length.
Strictly speaking Ardnamurchan covers only the peninsula beyond the villages of Salen (in the south) and Acharacle (in the north), but nowadays the term is used much more generally to include the neighbouring districts of Sunart, Ardgour, Morvern, and even Moidart (which was part of the former county of Inverness-shire, not Argyll).
Ardnamurchan Point, which has a 36 metres (118 ft) tall lighthouse built on it, is commonly described as the most westerly point of the British mainland although Corrachadh Mòr, a kilometre to the south, is a few metres further west.
The whole north western corner of Ardnamurchan contains a complex of volcanic structures, often described approximately as a "Caldera". Broadly, this area is the underground structures of a 55 million-year-old volcanic complex (relatively small areas of lavas that were erupted onto the surface are found in some parts of the peninsula). At least 7 other similar complexes of the same tectonic episode are dotted up the west coast of Britain, and so are popular stops in geological training courses from many universities. Geological research continues in the area to this day, as well as training. The sub-concentric rings of the volcanic complex can easily be seen in the satellite photograph, or topographic map, though they are less obvious on the ground.

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Argyll
Argyll (English pronunciation: /ɑrˈɡaɪl/), archaically Argyle (Earra-Ghàidheal in modern Gaelic pronounced [ˈaːr̴əɣɛː.əɫ̪]), is a region of western Scotland corresponding with most of the part of ancient Dál Riata that was located on the island of Great Britain, and in a historical context can be used to mean the entire western coast between the Mull of Kintyre and Cape Wrath. Argyll was also a medieval Bishopric with its cathedral at Lismore, as well as an early modern Earldom and Duchy, the Duchy of Argyll.
The name derives from Old Gaelic airer Goídel (border region of the Gaels). The early thirteenth century author of De Situ Albanie explains that "the name Arregathel means margin (ie, border region) of the Scots or Irish, because all Scots and Irish are generally called Gattheli (i.e. Gaels), from their ancient warleader known as Gaithelglas."
However, the word airer naturally carries the meaning of the word 'coast' when applied to maritime regions, so the placename can also be translated as "Coast of [the] Gaels". Woolf has suggested that the name Airer Goídel replaced the name Dál Riata when the 9th century Norse conquest split Irish Dál Riata and the islands of Alban Dál Riata off from mainland Alban Dál Riata; the mainland area, renamed Airer Goídel, would have contrasted with the offshore islands of Innse Gall, literally "islands of the foreigners", so-called because during the 9th to 12th centuries they were ruled by Norse-speaking Gall-Gaels.

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Assynt
Coordinates: 58°12′54″N 5°03′02″W / 58.215°N 5.0505°W / 58.215; -5.0505
Assynt (Scottish Gaelic: Asainte) is a civil parish in west Sutherland, Highland, Scotland – north of Ullapool.
It is famous for its landscape (Inverpolly Nature Reserve) and its remarkable mountains (Quinag, Canisp, Suilven, Cùl Mòr, Stac Pollaidh, Ben More Assynt). Knockan Crag National Nature Reserve, which includes a visitor centre interpreting the geological feature the Moine Thrust, is part of the North West Highlands Geopark. Assynt hosts the longest cave in Scotland, Uamh An Claonaite, which lies 5 miles (8.0 km) south of Inchnadamph.
The name Assynt may derive from an Old Norse word 'A-ssynt meaning seen from afar and/or from Ass which is Old Norse for rocky. There is also a 'vague tradition' that the name comes from a fight between the two brothers Unt and Ass-Unt, (meaning Man of Peace and Man of Discord). The latter having won the tussle gave his name to the parish.
In June 2005 the Glencanisp estate, including the mountains Suilven and Canisp and the neighbouring Drumrunie estate, with the mountains Cùl Mòr and Cùl Beag, were bought by the local community. The Assynt Foundation aims to create local employment and safeguard the natural and cultural heritage for the benefit of the community and future generations, and for the enjoyment of the wider public. The estates of Glencanisp and Drumrunie totalling some 18,000 hectares are managed by the Assynt Foundation on behalf of the Assynt community.

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Atholl
Atholl or Athole (Scottish Gaelic: Athall; Old Gaelic Athfhotla) is a large historical division in the Scottish Highlands. Today it forms the northern part of Perth and Kinross, Scotland bordering Marr, Badenoch, Breadalbane, Strathearn, Perth and Lochaber.
Atholl was historically a mormaerdom or earldom. The first recorded Earl of Atholl was Matad, Earl of Atholl sometime in the 12th century. In 1703 the title was made a Dukedom by Queen Anne. The title also holds numerous subsidiary titles. These include: Marquess of Atholl (created 1676), Marquess of Tullibardine (1703), Earl of Atholl (1629), Earl of Tullibardine (1606 and 1676), Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle (1703), Viscount of Balquhidder (1676), Lord Murray of Tullibardine (1604), Lord Murray, Balvenie and Gask (1676) and Baron Percy (1722). The Barony of Percy forms part of the peerage of Great Britain; all other titles belong in the peerage of Scotland.
The right of the Earls of Atholl to hold courts for the area were ended in 1746 by the Heritable Jurisdictions Act, and the district subsequently became part of the sheriffdom and later county of Perthshire.

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Balerno
Coordinates: 55°53′07″N 3°20′15″W / 55.88518°N 3.337526°W / 55.88518; -3.337526
Balerno (Scottish Gaelic: Baile Àirneach) is a suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland situated 12 kilometres south west of the city centre, next to Juniper Green and Currie. Administratively, Balerno falls within the jurisdiction of the City of Edinburgh Council.
Its name derives from the Scottish Gaelic Baile Airneach, meaning "townland/town of the hawthorns". The earliest written records of Balhernoch or Balernach are found in the late 13th century.
The 18th Century brought substantial development to the area, with many new flax, snuff and paper mills springing up around the Water of Leith (evidence of flax production can be seen in Harlaw Woods). These mills were a prominent feature of village life until fairly recently. After the First World War house building began in earnest in the area and since then residential pressures have almost overwhelmed commercial and industrial ones. There was a short loop railway running over what is now the Water of Leith Walkway.

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Balquhidder
Coordinates: 56°13′N 4°13′W / 56.21°N 4.22°W / 56.21; -04.22
Balquhidder ( listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic: Baile a' Chùil Tìr the land lying behind the country) is a small village in the Stirling council area of Scotland. It is overlooked by the dramatic mountain terrain of the Braes of Balquhidder, at the head of Loch Voil. Balquhidder Glen is also popular for fishing, nature watching and walking. The village's railway station is no longer open.
The MacLarens acquired the district as early as the 9th century and occupied it for several hundred years until forced to share the area by the MacGregors, a neighbouring clan, who had repeatedly raided their lands, and, in 1558 slew the chief and many of his followers.^{[citation needed]}The Parish is also an ancient seat to branches of the Stewart and Fergusson Clans. Balquhidder was the scene of some of the exploits of Rob Roy, who died there in 1734. The local kirkyard is his final resting place, his grave marked with the appropriately defiant motto 'MacGregor Despite Them'. He lies with the remains of his wife and two sons, the graves marked by three flat stones. One of these is contemporary, but the remaining two are re-used medieval grave monuments.^{[citation needed]}

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Bathgate
Coordinates: 55°54′08″N 3°38′35″W / 55.902359°N 3.643097°W / 55.902359; -3.643097
Bathgate (Scots: Bathket, Scottish Gaelic: Both Chèit) is a town in West Lothian, Scotland, on the M8 motorway 5 miles (8 km) west of Livingston. Nearby towns are Armadale, Blackburn, Linlithgow, Livingston, West Calder, and Whitburn. Edinburgh Airport is 13 miles (21 km) away. Situated 2 miles (3 km) south of the Neolithic burial site at Cairnpapple Hill, Bathgate and the surrounding area show signs of habitation since about 3500 BC.
Bathgate first enters the chronicles of history in a confirmation charter by King Malcolm IV of Scotland (1141 – 9 December 1165). In royal charters of the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries, the name of Bathgate has appeared as: Bathchet (1160), Bathket (1250) and Bathgetum (1316). Batket in the 14th century, and by the 15th appeared as both Bathgat and Bathcat. The name is a “manifest corruption” of the original Cumbric derivation meaning Boar Wood (baedd coed).
In 1315, the daughter of King Robert I of Scotland (Robert The Bruce), Marjorie (alternatively spelt Margery) Bruce, married Walter Stewart (or Steward) (1293– 1326), the 6th Lord High Steward of Scotland. The dowry to her husband included the lands and castle of Bathgate. Walter died at the castle on 9 April 1326. This marriage is still celebrated in an annual pageant forming part of the Bathgate Procession & John Newlands Festival, colloquially known as the Bathgate Galaday (or Gala day).

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Benderloch
Benderloch (Scottish Gaelic: Meadarloch) is a village in Argyll and Bute, Scotland. The name is derived from Beinn eadar dà loch, meaning "mountain between two lochs".
Benderloch lies on the A828 road in the coastal area of Appin, Argyll, Scotland. Its railway station closed in 1966.
Benderloch forms part of the Lynn of Lorn National Scenic Area, one of 40 in Scotland.
Coordinates: 56°29′32″N 05°24′13″W / 56.49222°N 5.40361°W / 56.49222; -5.40361

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Bernicia
Bernicia (Old English: Bernice, Beornice; Latin: Bernicia) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England.
The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland and Durham, and the former Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
Bernicia is mentioned in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum (§ 61) under the Welsh name of Berneich or Birneich and in Old Welsh poetry and elsewhere under the name of Bryneich or Brynaich. This may reflect the name of a preceding Brythonic kingdom or province, which was subsequently adopted by the Anglian settlers and rendered as Bernice or Beornice in the Old English tongue. If such forms represent a Welsh version of Bernicia, it is unclear why Welsh would need to borrow a 'foreign' name for the area, so the former hypothesis is usually accepted, although no etymological analysis has produced a consensus. The etymology which is most widely cited is that tentatively proposed by Kenneth H. Jackson, which gives the meaning "Land of the Mountain Passes" or "Land of the Gaps". The earlier derivation from the tribal name of the Brigantes has been dismissed as linguistically unsound. In 1997 John T. Koch suggested the conflation of a probable primary form *Bernech with the native form *Brïγent for the old civitas Brigantum as a result of Anglian expansion in that territory during the 7th century.

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Black Isle
The Black Isle (Scottish Gaelic: an t-Eilean Dubh, pronounced [ən̴̪ tʲelan d̪̊uh]) is an eastern area of the Highland local government council area of Scotland, within the county of Ross and Cromarty. The name nearly always includes the article "the".
It includes the town of Cromarty, and such villages as Conon Bridge, Muir of Ord, Munlochy, Avoch, Rosemarkie, Fortrose, Tore, North Kessock, and Culbokie
Despite its name, the Black Isle is not an island, but a peninsula, surrounded on three sides by water – the Cromarty Firth to the north, the Beauly Firth to the south, and the Moray Firth to the east. On its fourth, western side, its boundary is delineated by rivers. The River Conon divides Maryburgh, a mile outside Dingwall, from Conon Bridge which is the first village on the Black Isle from the north-western side. Its southwestern boundary is variously considered to be marked by either a minor tributary of the River Beauly separating Beauly (in Inverness-shire) and Muir of Ord (on the Black Isle in Ross and Cromarty), dividing the two counties and also delineating the start of the Black Isle; or alternatively, the River Beauly itself, thus including Beauly in the Black Isle despite its official placement in Inverness-shire.

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Braemar
Coordinates: 57°01′N 3°24′W / 57.01°N 3.4°W / 57.01; -03.40
Braemar ( listen (help·info)) is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, around 58 miles (93 km) west of Aberdeen in the Highlands. It is the closest significantly-sized settlement to the upper course of the River Dee sitting at an altitude of 339 metres (1,112 ft).
The Gaelic Bràigh Mhàrr properly refers to the area of upper Marr (as it literally means), i.e. the area of Marr to the west of Aboyne, the village itself being Castleton of Braemar (Baile a' Chaisteil). The village used to be known as Cinn Drochaid (bridge end), while Baile a' Chaisteil only referred to the part of the village on the east bank of the river, the part on the west bank being known as Ach an Droighinn (thorn field).
Braemar is approached from the South on the A93 from Glen Clunie and the Cairnwell Pass - and from the East also on the A93 from Deeside. Braemar can be approached on foot from the West through Glen Tilt, Glen Feshie, Glen Dee (by the Lairig Ghru), and Glen Derry (by the Lairig an Laoigh). Braemar is within a one-and-a-half hour drive of Aberdeen, Dundee, and Perth.

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Buchan
Buchan ( /ˈbʌxən/) is one of the six committee areas and administrative areas of Aberdeenshire Council, Scotland. These areas were created by the council in 1996, when the Aberdeenshire unitary council area was created under the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994. The council area was formed by merging three districts of the Grampian region, Banff and Buchan, Gordon and Kincardine and Deeside. The area is also an historic district and earldom, shown on maps as early as 1708. The Earldom of Mar and Buchan formed one of the seven original Scottish earldoms; later the Earl of Buchan became separated from Mar The district was eventually combined into the county of Aberdeenshire, along with Marr and later The Mearns.
The Buchan area has a population of 39,160 (2001 census) and an area of 547 km². It contains the town of Peterhead and is adjacent to the committee and administrative areas of Banff and Buchan and Formartine. RAF Buchan, a radar station, is in the area.
Peterhead is the largest town in Buchan and Aberdeenshire; the principal white fish landing port in Europe; and a major oil industry service centre. Equally important is the nearby gas terminal at St Fergus.

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Caithness
Caithness (Scots: Caitnes,Scottish Gaelic: Gallaibh) is a registration county, lieutenancy area and historic local government area of Scotland. The name was used also for the earldom of Caithness and the Caithness constituency of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (1708 to 1918). Boundaries are not identical in all contexts, but the Caithness area is now entirely within the Highland council area. In 2007 the Highland Council, which is now the local government authority, created the Caithness ward management area, which has boundaries similar to those of the historic local government area.

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Central Mainland
Coordinates: 60°18′N 1°15′W / 60.3°N 1.25°W / 60.3; -1.25
The Central Mainland of the Shetland Islands is the part of the Mainland, between Hellister, Aith and Voe.

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Clydesdale
Coordinates: 55°42′00″N 3°49′59″W / 55.700°N 3.833°W / 55.700; -3.833
Clydesdale (pronounced /ˈklaɪdzdeɪl/; Dail Chluaidh in Scottish Gaelic, pronounced [t̪ʰal̪ˠ xluəɣ]) was formerly (1975–96) one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland.
The district was formed (as Lanark) by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 from part of the former county of Lanarkshire: namely the burghs of Biggar and Lanark and the First, Second and Third Districts. In 1980 the district was renamed Clydesdale.
In 1996 the district was abolished by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994. Its area and those of East Kilbride, Hamilton and part of Glasgow Districts became the South Lanarkshire unitary council area.
Clydesdale is also an archaic name of the Scottish county of Lanarkshire. Bordering Lennox and Stirling in the north, Renfrew, Cunninghame, Kyle to the west, Annandale, Nithsdale in the south and Lothian and Tweeddale in the east. Divided into two wards, Nether and Upper, it had historically been a district of Scotland, the largest in Scotland and a Sheriffdom in its own right.

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Coigach
Coigach (Scottish Gaelic: A' Chòigeach) today refers to the peninsula "beyond the big rock" north of Ullapool, in Wester Ross in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. Anciently till changes in civil registration districts in 1857 the Barony also included Isle Martin, the lands down to Corrie beyond Ullapool, the various farms of Strathkanaird, and eastward including the Forest of Achall and Rhiddorach. It abuts Assynt further to the north.
Like its more northerly neighbour, it is an area of astonishing but stark beauty, with mountains rising sheer to dizzying heights from quiet lochs. The highest summit is Ben More Coigach, 743 metres.
Achiltibuie and its smaller adjoining hamlets form the parish of Coigach, a traditional crofting and fishing community of a couple of hundred houses sprinkled between mountain and shore on a peninsula looking over the Summer Isles and the sea.
Coordinates: 57°59.5′N 5°11.3′W / 57.9917°N 5.1883°W / 57.9917; -5.1883

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Cowal
Cowal (Scottish Gaelic: Còmhghall) is a peninsula in Argyll and Bute in the Scottish Highlands.
The northern part of Cowal is mostly the mountainous Argyll Forest Park. Cowal is separated from the Kintyre peninsula to the west by Loch Fyne, and from Inverclyde and North Ayrshire to the east by the Firth of Clyde. The sea lochs Loch Long and Loch Goil lie to the northeast, and the south of the peninsula is split into three forks by two further sea lochs, Loch Striven and to its west Loch Riddon. The Isle of Bute lies to the south of Cowal, separated from the peninsula by the narrow Kyles of Bute which connect the Clyde to Loch Riddon.
Much of Cowal was once held by the Lamont Clan; encroachments by the neighbouring Campbells and other powerful families reduced the Lamont holdings in the Covenanting Wars of the seventeenth century.
Cowal's only burgh is Dunoon in the south east, from which ferries sail to Gourock in Inverclyde. Other ferries run from Portavadie in the west to Tarbert in Kintyre, and from Colintraive in the south to Rhubodach on the Isle of Bute.

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Cromdale
Cromdale (Scottish Gaelic: Crombail) is a village in Highland, Scotland and one of the ancient parishes which formed the combined ecclesiastical (later civil) parish of "Cromdale, Inverallan and Advie" in Morayshire.
The present small, growing village of Cromdale lies on either side of where the A95 road crosses Cromdale Burn, between Grantown-on-Spey and Aberlour; this bridge is about 500 metres south of the confluence of the burn with the River Spey.
The village was within Inverness-shire until 1869 following which it became part of the Morayshire until 1975, when the county was divided between the Highland and Grampian regions; it is now within the Highland Council Area. The village retained Morayshire as its official postal address for many years after the change in local government boundaries.
The parish church and cemetery are located beside the River Spey at the end of Kirk Road beside the bridge which is the latest of three which replaced the nearby ferry. The bridge was financed by local residents, having been obtained as a War Surplus item from the War Office and erected in 1922 at a cost of £ 6889 . The remains of an older bridge can be seen a short distance upstream; this (much lighter) bridge was swept away in 1894, the 1922 bridge replaced one that collapsed in 1921.

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Cunninghame
Coordinates: 55°38′02″N 4°46′48″W / 55.634°N 4.780°W / 55.634; -4.780 Cunninghame (Scottish Gaelic: Coineagan) is a former comital district of Scotland and also a district of the Strathclyde Region from 1975–1996.
The historic district of Cunninghame was bordered by the districts of Renfrew and Clydesdale to the north and east respectively, by the district of Kyle to the south over the River Irvine and by the Firth of Clyde to the west.
Cunninghame became one of the three districts or bailieries of Ayrshire, the shire or sheriffdom of Ayr. Cunninghame was in the north, along the River Irvine; Kyle was in the centre, along the River Ayr; and Carrick was in the south, along the River Doon. By the eighteenth century Ayrshire had become one of the counties of Scotland, with the three baileries being described as "districts" or "divisions" of the county, although they had no formal administrative existence.
In the late nineteenth century the "territorial division" was described as comprising the civil parishes of Ardrossan, Beith, Dalry, Dreghorn, Fenwick, Irvine, North Ayrshire, Kilbirnie, West Kilbride, Kilmarnock, Kilmaurs, Kilwinning, Largs, Loudoun, Stevenston, Stewarton and part of Dunlop.

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Currie
Coordinates: 55°53′45″N 3°18′27″W / 55.895956°N 3.307439°W / 55.895956; -3.307439
Currie (Scottish Gaelic: Currach) is a civil parish and suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland, situated 10 kilometres south west of the city centre. A former village within the County of Midlothian, it lies to the south west of the city, between Juniper Green (NE) and Balerno (SW) on the Lanark Road. Administratively, Currie falls within the jurisdiction of the City of Edinburgh Council.
In 1995 the population of Currie was 6,343 and it contained 2,300 houses, 850 of them less than 20 years old.
There is no accepted derivation of the name Currie but it is possibly from the Scottish Gaelic word curagh/curragh, a wet or boggy plain, or from the Brythonic word curi, a dell or hollow. The neighbouring suburb of Balerno derives its name from Scottish Gaelic, whilst the nearby Pentland Hills derive their name from Brythonic, so either is possible.
The earliest record of a settlement in the Currie area is a Bronze Age razor (1800 BC) found at Kinleith Mill and the stone cists (500 BC) at Duncan's Belt and Blinkbonny. There are a few mentions of this area in mediaeval and early modern documents. One of the first is when Robert of Kildeleith became Chancellor of Scotland in 1249. Kildeleith means Chapel by the Leith, and survives today as Kinleith. Robert the Bruce gave Riccarton as a wedding present in 1315 and in 1392 the land passed to the family of Bishop Wardlaw. In 1612 the land went to Ludovic Craig, a Senator of the College of Justice. In 1818 it passed to the female line and became the property of the Gibson-Craigs.

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Deira
Deira (Old English: Derenrice (Scandinavian: Deren Riket; Germanic Deren Reich) or Dere) was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD. It extended from the Humber to the Tees, and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York. It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia to the north to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
The name of the kingdom is of Brythonic origin, perhaps from Deifr, meaning "waters", or from Daru, meaning "oak", in which case it would mean "the people of the Derwent", a derivation also found in the Latin name for Malton, Derventio.
According to Simeon of Durham it extended from the Humber to the Tyne, but the land was waste north of the Tees. After the Brythonic kingdom centered around Eboracum, which may have been called Ebrauc, was taken by Edwin, the city of Eboracum became its capital and was called Eoforwic (boar-place) by the Angles. Before this it is likely that the capital would have been at or near Pocklington.
The first Deiran Anglian king of whom we have any record is Ælla, who flourished in the later 6th century after conquering the realm from the Britons in 581. After his death, Deira was subject to king Æthelfrith of Bernicia, who united the two kingdoms into Northumbria. Æthelfrith ruled until the accession of Ælla's son Edwin, in 616 or 617, who also ruled both kingdoms until 633.

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Dunbar
Coordinates: 56°00′10″N 2°31′01″W / 56.002725°N 2.516901°W / 56.002725; -2.516901
Dunbar (Scotts [dʊnˈbaɾ] ( listen)) is a town in East Lothian on the southeast coast of Scotland, approximately 28 miles (45 km) east of Edinburgh and 28 miles (45 km) from the English Border at Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Dunbar is a former Royal Burgh and gave its name to an ecclesiastical and civil parish. The parish extends around 7½ miles east to west and is 3½ miles deep at greatest extent (12 x 5.5 kilometres) or 11¼ square miles (c. 3000 hectares) and contains the villages of West Barns, Belhaven, East Barns (abandoned) and several hamlets and farms.
Its strategic position gave rise to a history full of incident and strife but Dunbar has become a quiet dormitory town popular with workers in nearby Edinburgh, who find it an affordable alternative to the capital itself. Until the 1960s the population of the town was little more than 3,500.
The town is served by Dunbar railway station. Dunbar is home to the Dunbar Lifeboat Station, the second oldest RNLI station in Scotland.

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Durness
Coordinates: 58°34′N 4°45′W / 58.57°N 4.75°W / 58.57; -4.75
Durness (Scottish Gaelic: Diùranais) is a huge but remote parish in the northwestern Highlands of Scotland, encompassing all the land between the Moine to the East (separating it from Tongue parish) and the Gualin to the West (separating it from Eddrachilis). No one knows for sure where the name derives; it has variously been translated as from "Dorainn nis" tempest point, or "Dhu thir nis" the point of the black land; or from the Norse for deerpoint. Or even from the main village "Durine" which would translate as "Dhu Rinn" the black (or fertile) promontory, with the Norse "ness" tacked on to an existing Gaelic name. The parish comprises a number of larger or smaller townships, from the east these including Kempie, Eriboll, Laid, Rispond, Ceannabeinne, Sangobeg, Lerin, Smoo, Sangomore, Durine, Balvulich, Balnakeil, Achins and Keoldale. To the west there are also the single homesteads of Grudie, Carbreck and Rigolter.
Durness was formerly a part of the bishopric of Caithness and the old house at Balnakeil was originally the Bishop's summer residence. The church at Balnakeil dates back to the Culdean monks but the existing ruined church is said to have been built by the monks from Dornoch Cathedral in the 13th century (it is also said that they discovered gold around Durness but no finds have been reported since).

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East Lothian
East Lothian (Scots: Aest Lowden, Scottish Gaelic: Siorrachd Lodainn an Ear) (formerly Haddingtonshire) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. It borders the City of Edinburgh, Scottish Borders and Midlothian. Its administrative centre is Haddington, although its largest town is Musselburgh.
The council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, with the boundaries of the East Lothian district of the Lothian region. The district had been created in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, and it consisted of the local government county of East Lothian, plus the burgh of Musselburgh and the Inveresk area, both formerly within the county of Midlothian.
When abolished, for local government purposes, in 1975, the county of East Lothian bordered the county of Midlothian to the west, and the county of Berwick to the south. The county was called Haddingtonshire until 1921. At this time, border changes saw several villages on the outskirts of Edinburgh (e.g. Whitecraig) become part of East Lothian.

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Easter Ross
Coordinates: 57°40′05″N 4°23′42″W / 57.668°N 4.395°W / 57.668; -4.395
Easter Ross (Ros an Ear in Scots Gaelic) is a loosely defined area in the east of Ross, Highland, Scotland.
The name is used in the constituency name Caithness, Sutherland and Easter Ross, which is the name of both a British House of Commons constituency and a Scottish Parliament constituency. The two constituencies have however different boundaries.
Places in Easter Ross include:
The area has quite a distinctive accent, and is well known for its heavy use of the word "bey" (boy).

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Edinburgh
Edinburgh (ⁱ/ˈɛdɪnbʌrə/ ED-in-burr-ə; Scottish Gaelic: Dùn Èideann) is the capital city of Scotland and the seat of the Scottish Parliament. It is the second largest city in Scotland and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The City of Edinburgh Council governs one of Scotland's 32 local government council areas. The council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 30 square miles (78 km²) rural area. Located in the south-east of Scotland, Edinburgh lies on the east coast of the Central Belt, along the Firth of Forth, near the North Sea.
The city was one of the historical major centres of the Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, helping to earn it the nickname Athens of the North. The Old Town and New Town districts of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995 in recognition of the unique character of the Medieval Old Town and the planned Georgian New Town. It covers both the Old and New Towns together with the Dean Village and the Calton Hill areas. There are over 4,500 listed buildings within the city. In May 2010, it had a total of 40 conservation areas covering 23% of the building stock and 23% of the population, the highest such ratios of any major city in the UK. In the 2011 mid-year population estimates, Edinburgh had a total resident population of 495,360.

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Fetlar
Fetlar is one of the North Isles of Shetland, Scotland, with a population of 86 at the time of the 2001 census. Its main settlement is Houbie on the south coast, home to the Fetlar Interpretive Centre. Fetlar is the fourth largest island of Shetland and has an area of sixteen square miles.
One of the strange features of Fetlar is a huge wall that goes across the island known as the Funzie Girt or Finnigirt Dyke. It is thought to date from the Mesolithic period. So sharp was the division between the two halves of the island, that the Norse talked of East and West Isle separately. One posited etymology is from fetill, meaning a "strap", so possibly the island's name means "two islands strapped together". It was recorded as "Fötilør" in 1490.
Another attraction on the island is the Gothic Brough Lodge, built by Arthur Nicolson in about 1820, and which is undergoing restoration by the Brough Lodge Trust. The Fetlar sheepdog trials take place annually, normally in July. The Fetlar Foy is very popular with Shetlanders and tourists alike. It takes place at midsummer on the Links at Tresta where folk are entertained with music, food and drink.

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Fife
Coordinates: 56°15′00″N 3°12′00″W / 56.25°N 3.2°W / 56.25; -3.2
Fife ([ˈfəif]; Scottish Gaelic: Fìobha) is a council area and former county of Scotland. It is situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with inland boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. It was once one of the major Pictish kingdoms, known as Fib, and is still commonly known as the Kingdom of Fife within Scotland.
It is a lieutenancy area, and was a county of Scotland until 1975. It was very occasionally known by the anglicisation Fifeshire in old documents and maps compiled by English cartographers and authors. A person from Fife is known as a Fifer.
Fife was a local government region divided into three districts: Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy and North-East Fife. Since 1996 the functions of the district councils have been exercised by the unitary Fife Council.
Fife is Scotland's third largest local authority area by population. It has a resident population of just under 360,000, almost a third of whom live in the three principal towns of Dunfermline, Kirkcaldy and Glenrothes. Kirkcaldy is Fife's largest town by population (48,108 in 2006), followed by Dunfermline (45,462 in 2006) and then Glenrothes (38,927 in 2006).

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Firth of Forth
The Firth of Forth (Scottish Gaelic: Linne Foirthe) is the estuary or firth of Scotland's River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea, between Fife to the north, and West Lothian, the City of Edinburgh and East Lothian to the south. It was known as Bodotria in Roman times.
Geologically, the Firth of Forth is a fjord, formed by the Forth Glacier in the last glacial period.
The river is tidal as far inland as Stirling, but generally it is considered that the inland extent of the firth ends at the Kincardine Bridge.^{[citation needed]}
There are a number of towns which line the shores, as well as the petrochemical complexes at Grangemouth, the commercial docks at Leith, former oilrig construction yards at Methil, the ship-breaking facility at Inverkeithing and the naval dockyard at Rosyth, with numerous other industrial areas including the Forth Bridgehead area^{[clarification needed]}, Burntisland, Kirkcaldy, Bo'ness and Leven.
The Kincardine Bridge and the famous Forth Road Bridge and Forth Bridge carry traffic across the Firth. A fourth crossing, located next to the Kincardine Bridge, opened in 2008. On 1 October 2008 it was announced that the new bridge would be called the "Clackmannanshire Bridge". Another new road bridge is currently under construction alongside the Forth Road Bridge and is expected to be open in 2016.

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Formartine
Formartine (Scottish Gaelic: Fearann Mhàrtainn meaning "Martin's land") is a committee area in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. This district has a long history and extends north from the River Don. It has a population of 36,478 (2001 Census).
Formartine has experienced rapid population growth, particularly around Ellon and Oldmeldrum, and in the south east where development has spread outwith the city of Aberdeen. By contrast, the area around Turriff retains strong dependency on the traditional agricultural economy. The area's coastline and rural environment offer recreation potential including the Formartine and Buchan Way.
The early history of this locale is evidenced by the survival of a number of prehistoric features, including a number of tumuli.
Coordinates: 57°23′46″N 2°17′13″W / 57.39611°N 2.28694°W / 57.39611; -2.28694

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Fothriff
Coordinates: 56°15′00″N 3°25′01″W / 56.250°N 3.417°W / 56.250; -3.417 Fothriff, Fortriu or Fothrif was a province of Scotland in the Middle Ages. It is often paired with Fife, not only in De Situ Albanie, but also in early charters.
The exact extent of early Fothriff is unclear, but in around 1300 the Deanery of Fothriff in the Bishopric of St Andrews included both Clackmannan and Kinross, as well as Fife from the parishes of Auchtermuchty, Lathrisk, Cults, Kirkforthar Markinch and Methil westwards.

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Gairloch
Coordinates: 57°43′41″N 5°41′28″W / 57.728°N 5.691°W / 57.728; -5.691
Gairloch (Scottish Gaelic: Geàrrloch /ˈɡɛərlɒx/ GAIR-lokh, English: Short Loch) is a village, civil parish and community on the shores of Loch Gairloch on the northwest coast of Scotland. A popular tourist destination in the summer months, Gairloch has a golf course, a small museum, several hotels, a community centre, a leisure centre with sports facilities, a local radio station, beaches and nearby mountains.
The parish of Gairloch extends over a much wider area, including the villages of Poolewe and Kinlochewe, and has a population of 2,289. The nearest railway station is located at Achnasheen. The nearest mainland airport is in Inverness.
Gairloch is a loosely defined area of settlement along the shores of Loch Gairloch, but primarily comprises three main clusters of shops, houses and amenities: the Harbour area (including Charlestown on the south side of the harbour), Achtercairn and Strath. If approaching from the south (via Kinlochewe), Charleston and the harbour are met first. Achtercairn is centred around the road junction with the coastal road that leads west to Strath and on towards Melvaig. The main A832 road heads steeply up Achtercairn Brae leading out of the village to the north and on to Poolewe.

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Galloway
Galloway (Scottish Gaelic: Gall-Ghaidhealaibh, pronounced [əŋ ɡaulˠ̪ɣəlˠ̪əv] or Gallobha, Lowland Scots Gallowa, meaning "Land of the Foreign Gaels") is an area in southwestern Scotland. It usually refers to the former counties of Wigtownshire (or historically West Galloway) and Kirkcudbrightshire (or historically East Galloway). It is part of the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland.
Galloway is contained by sea to the west and south, the Galloway Hills to the north, and the River Nith to the east; the border between Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire is marked by the River Cree.
The definition has, however, fluctuated greatly in size over history. The name is also given to a hardy breed of black, hornless beef cattle native to the region (and also to the more distinctive 'Belted Galloway' or 'Beltie'). Galloway has always been slightly isolated due to having 150 miles (240 km) of rugged coastline and a vast range of largely uninhabited hills to the north.
Galloway comprises that part of Scotland southwards from the Southern Upland watershed and westward from the River Nith. Traditionally it has been described as stretching from "the braes of Glenapp to the Nith". The valleys of three rivers, the Urr Water, the Water of Ken and River Dee, and the Cree, all running north-south, provide much of the good arable land, although there is also some arable land on the coast. Generally however the landscape is rugged and much of the soil is shallow. The generally south slope and southern coast make for mild and wet climate, and there is a great deal of good pasture.

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Garioch
Coordinates: 57°17′02″N 2°22′37″W / 57.284°N 2.377°W / 57.284; -2.377
Garioch ( /ˈɡɪəri/ GEER-ee) is the name of one of six committee areas in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It has a population of 46,254 (2006 estimate).
Centred on Inverurie, a traditional rural market town whose foundation dates back to the 9th century with the establishment of Christianity at Polnar, "The Kirk of Rocharl" - now St Andrew's Parish Church, Inverurie, "The Auld Kirk of Inverurie", the Garioch has also experienced rapid population growth due to its proximity to the city of Aberdeen. Significant growth in population, services and employment is anticipated in the A96 corridor and in Westhill. The area is largely agricultural, but is strongly affected by Aberdeen's economy and the oil and gas sector. The Garioch holds growing potential for tourism, in its environment and archaeological heritage.

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Garmoran
Garmoran is an area of western Scotland. It lies at the south-western edge of the present Highland Region. It includes Knoydart, Morar, Moidart, Ardnamurchan, and the Small Isles.
The medieval lordship of Garmoran was ruled by the MacRuari's, descendants of Somerled, and later formed part of the Lordship of the Isles. Castle Tioram, at the entrance to Loch Moidart, was one of the residences of the lords of Garmoran.
In 1284 when his son the prince died, Alexander III called Ailin mac Ruaidhri, the ruler of Garmoran, (along with all the Earls and Barons of Scotland) to make them accept Margaret, Maid of Norway as the heir. Ailin had died by 1296, by which time he had fathered two illegitimate sons, Ruaidhri and Lachlan, and Christina, his sole legitimate heir. However, When Christina succeeded to the extensive estates of her father she resigned a large proportion of them to Ruaidhri.
In October 1346, Ranald mac Ruari was assassinated at Elcho Nunnery near Perth as the result of a quarrel with Uilleam III, Earl of Ross. Raghnall was the "last chieftain of the MacRuaris" and Amie mac Ruari, who married John of Islay, Lord of the Isles, was his sole heir. John of Islay later divorced her although the "unvarying tradition" of the Gàidhealtachd recorded in the late 19th century was that Amie had given her husband no grounds for doing so and lived on her own on her estates until her death. The divorce annulled John of Islay's rights to her lands, although he managed to procure a royal charter to them in which her name is not even mentioned. Their son Ranald successfully petitioned for the return of much of the Macruairi lands including Garmoran. He became the progenitor of Clan Macdonald of Clanranald and Clan MacDonell of Glengarry.

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Glen Dochart
Coordinates: 56°25′01″N 4°25′59″W / 56.417°N 4.433°W / 56.417; -4.433 Glen Dochart in Perthshire, Scottish Highlands is a glen which runs from Crianlarich eastwards to Killin, following the course of the River Dochart as it flows through Loch Dochart and Loch Iubhair. It is met by Glen Ogle at Lix Toll.

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Glen Lyon
Glen Lyon (Gaelic Gleann Lìomhann) is a glen in the Perth and Kinross region of Scotland. It is the longest enclosed glen in Scotland and runs for 34 miles from Loch Lyon in the west to the village of Fortingall in the east.
Quite densely inhabited from prehistoric times (as many archaeological sites attest), though its present population is of modest size, the glen has been home to many families, including MacGregors, Menzies, Stewarts, Macnaughtans, MacGibbons and the Campbells of Glen Lyon. One of this family, Robert Campbell of Glenlyon (1630-1696), led the detachment of government troops responsible for the infamous Glencoe Massacre, of the MacDonalds of Glencoe in 1691. It is not, however, the home of Clan Lyon.
James MacGregor, parish priest of Fortingall in the early 16th century, compiled the Book of the Dean of Lismore, the most important surviving collection of medieval Scottish Gaelic poetry. His Chronicle, covering local events in a mixture of Scots and Latin, is also extant, and is an important historical source for the central Highlands.

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Glen Orchy
Coordinates: 56°29′N 4°49′W / 56.48°N 4.82°W / 56.48; -4.82
Glen Orchy (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Urchaidh) is a long glen in Argyll and Bute in Scotland. It runs south-westerly from the Bridge of Orchy (grid reference NN298392) to Inverlochy (grid reference NN194277) following the River Orchy. It was one of the major areas of inhabitance for the MacGregor Clan until it was outlawed in 1603 by King James VI.
One of the better known inhabitants of the glen was Duncan Ban MacIntyre.
It is also the name of the local shinty team, which draws players from all the communities in the glen. The club currently runs two teams.
The New Zealand town Glenorchy is probably named after Glen Orchy.

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Glen Shee
Coordinates: 56°48′N 3°26′W / 56.8°N 3.433°W / 56.8; -3.433
Glen Shee (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Sith) is a glen in eastern Perth and Kinross, Scotland through which flows the Shee Water. The Spittal of Glenshee where Glen Beag and Glen Lochy meet marks the head of the glen in the north and it then runs south-east to Bridge of Cally where it merges with Strathardle to form Glen Ericht. Known as the glen of the fairies it takes its name from the Gaelic "sith" meaning fairy and the old meeting place at the standing stone behind the present day church is called Dun Shith or Hill of the Fairies.
The main settlement is the Spittal of Glenshee, now by-passed, which has a historic hotel, first run by monks from Coupar Angus Abbey to provide shelter and hospitality for travellers hence the name "Spittal", an outdoor activity centre, self catering lodges, the church and an original Wade hump-back bridge. The first record of a refuge for travellers here dates back to 961AD. The hotel was destroyed by fire in 1959 being rebuild to a Scandinavian design. It now caters for coach parties and individual guests.

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Glen Strathfarrar
Glen Strathfarrar is a glen in the Highland region of Scotland, near Loch Ness.
The River Farrar runs through the glen.
The Glen is part of the Affric-Beauly hydro-electric power scheme, with a dam at Loch Monar and underground power stations at Deanie and Culligran.
There are a number of mountains on either side of the glen, many of which are popular with walkers. These include the Munros of Sgùrr a' Choire Ghlais, Sgurr Fhuar-thuill, Càrn nan Gobhar and Sgurr na Ruaidhe to the north, as well as Sgurr na Lapaich, another Càrn nan Gobhar, An Riabhachan and An Socach to the south. There are also two Corbetts - Beinn a' Bha'ach Ard and Sgorr na Dìollaid.
The Farrar is formed as the waters of the Garbh-uisge and Uisge Misgeach merge. The river then adopts a sinuous course along the flat floor of the glen, running eastwards through two lochs, Loch a' Mhuillidh and Loch Beannacharan, then continuing east to merge with the waters of the River Glass to form the River Beauly below Struy Bridge.
The road along the glen is private, and a locked gate system operates whereby permission for motor vehicle access must be requested at the gatehouse. A quota of cars are allowed in the glen each day. Access times vary, according to the month, between 9am and 8pm. In the winter the only means of access is to contact the Mountaineering Council of Scotland who will give a security code for the gate. The relative lack, therefore, of cars through the glen contributes to the remote and utter peace and calm, especially of the upper reaches of the glen toward Loch Monar.

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Glen Urquhart
This page refers to the geographical area of "Glen Urquhart". For other meanings of the term, see Glen Urquhart (disambiguation)
Glenurquhart or Glen Urquhart (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Urchardain) is a glen running to the west of the village of Drumnadrochit in the Highland council area of Scotland
Glenurquhart runs from Loch Ness at Urquhart Bay in the east to Corrimony and beyond in the west. The River Enrick runs along its length, passing through Loch Meiklie.
The villages of Balnain and Balbeg are situated about 5 miles up the glen.
Glenurquhart used to be part of the lands of the Grants of Glenmorison, with the lands of the Frasers to the north for most of its time.
The weather is pleasantly warm and sunny in the spring and summer, cool and fairly rainy in the autumn and very cold and snowy (with some blizzards) in the winter.
Police imposed speed restrictions on many bridges as fallen trees and a landslip both caused problems on the A9 near Drumnadrochit in the November of 2010.
Glen Urquhart has a mixture of planted, conifer forest and native, broadleaved woodlands. The hillsides on the south side of the glen are mainly used for commercial forestry, managed by the Forestry Commission. The slopes on the opposite side are covered with a mixture of deciduous woodland (mainly birch), farmland and some areas of commercial forestry. There are waymarked walks in Craigmonie woodland, near Drumnadrochit at the foot of the glen. A network of forest roads all along the glen is suitable for walking, cycling and horse-riding.

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Grampian
Grampian (Roinn a' Mhonaidh in Gaelic) was a local government region of Scotland from 1975 to 1996. It is now divided into the unitary council areas of:
The region had five districts:
The region took its name from the Grampian Mountains.
Grampian continues to have a joint police service, fire service, and electoral, valuation, and Health boards.
Coordinates: 57°13′41″N 2°59′17″W / 57.228°N 2.988°W / 57.228; -2.988

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Gruinard Island
Gruinard Island ( /ˈɡrɪnjərd/ GRIN-yərd;Scottish Gaelic: Eilean Ghruinneard) is a small, oval-shaped Scottish island approximately 1.2 miles (2 km) long by 0.62 miles (1 km) wide, located in Gruinard Bay, about halfway between Gairloch and Ullapool. At its closest point to the mainland it is just over 0.68 miles (1.1 km) offshore. The island was made dangerous for all mammals by experiments with the anthrax bacterium, until it was decontaminated in the late 20th century.
Gruinard was the site of a biological warfare test by British military scientists from Porton Down in 1942, during the Second World War. At that time there was an investigation by the British government into the feasibility of an attack using anthrax: to test the vulnerability of Britain against a German attack and the viability of attacking Germany with a British bio-weapon. Given the nature of the weapon which was being developed, it was recognised that tests would cause widespread and long-lasting contamination of the immediate area by anthrax spores. In order to limit contamination a remote and uninhabited island was required. Gruinard was surveyed, deemed suitable and compulsorily purchased from its owners by the British Government.

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Hoy
Hoy (from Norse Háey meaning high island) is an island in Orkney, Scotland. With an area of 143 square kilometres (55 sq mi) it is the second largest in the archipelago after the Mainland. It is connected by a causeway called The Ayre to South Walls. Unusually, the two islands are treated as one entity by the UK census.
The dramatic coastline of Hoy greets visitors travelling to Orkney by ferry from the Scottish mainland. It has extremes of many kinds: some of the highest sea cliffs in the UK at St John's Head, which reach 350 metres (1,150 ft); the impressive and famous sea stack, the Old Man of Hoy; some of the most northerly surviving natural woodland in the British Isles; the remote possibility that Arctic Char survive in Heldale Water and the most northerly Martello Towers, which were built to defend the area during the Napoleonic War, but were never used in combat.
The highest point in Orkney, Ward Hill, is found on Hoy.
The main naval base for the British fleet Scapa Flow in both the First and Second World Wars was situated at Lyness in the south-east of the island. Some rather incongruous art deco structures nearby date from this period.

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Islay
Islay (ⁱ/ˈaɪlə/ EYE-lə; Scottish Gaelic: Ìle, pronounced [ˈiːlə]), is the southernmost island of the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. Known as "The Queen of the Hebrides", it lies in Argyll just south west of Jura and around 25 miles (40 km) north of the Irish coast. Scottish Gaelic is spoken by about a third of the population. The island's capital and largest settlement is Bowmore where the distinctive round Kilarrow Parish Church and a distillery are located.Port Ellen is the main port.
Islay is the fifth largest Scottish island and the seventh largest island surrounding Great Britain. It has over three thousand inhabitants and a total area of almost 620 square kilometres (239 sq mi). Its main industries are agriculture, malt whisky distilling, and tourism.
There is ample evidence of the prehistoric settlement of Islay, which became part of the Kingdom of Dál Riata during the early historic period before being absorbed into the Norse Kingdom of the Isles. The medieval period marked a "cultural high point" with the emergence of the Lordship of the Isles, originally centred at Finlaggan. During the 17th century the Clan Donald star waned, but improvements to agriculture and transport led to a rising population, which peaked in the mid-19th century. This was followed by substantial Clearances and declining resident numbers. The island also has a long history of religious observance. Its landscapes have been celebrated through various artforms and there is a growing interest in renewable energy.

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Isle of Arran
Arran or the Isle of Arran (Scots Gaelic: Eilean Arainn) is the largest island in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. With an area of 432 square kilometres (167 sq mi) it is the seventh largest Scottish island. It is in the unitary council area of North Ayrshire. In the 2001 census it had a resident population of 5,058. Although it is culturally and physically similar to the Hebrides, it is separated from them by the Kintyre peninsula. Arran is mountainous and has been described as a "geologist's paradise".
Arran has been continuously inhabited since the early Neolithic period, and numerous prehistoric remains have been found. From the 6th century onwards, Goidelic-speaking peoples from Ireland colonised the island and it became a centre of religious activity. During the troubled Viking Age, Arran became the property of the Norwegian crown before becoming formally absorbed by the kingdom of Scotland in the 13th century. The 19th century "clearances" led to significant depopulation and the end of the Gaelic language and way of life.

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Isle of Mull
The Isle of Mull (Scottish Gaelic Muile, pronounced [ˈmulə]) — or simply Mull — is the second largest island of the Inner Hebrides, off the west coast of Scotland in the council area of Argyll and Bute.
With an area of 875.35 square kilometres (337.97 sq mi) Mull is the fourth largest Scottish island and the fourth largest island surrounding Great Britain. In the 2001 census the usual resident population of Mull was 2,667; in the summer this is supplemented by many tourists. Much of the population lives in Tobermory, the only burgh on the island until 1973, and its capital.
Tobermory is also home to Mull's only single malt Scotch whisky distillery, Tobermory (formerly Ledaig).
It is widely understood that Mull was inhabited shortly after the end of the last Ice Age, from around 6000 BC. Bronze Age inhabitants built menhirs, brochs and a stone circle with examples of burial cairns, cists, standing stones, stone circles, pottery and knife blades providing compelling evidence.
Between 600 BC to 400 AD Iron Age inhabitants were building protective forts, duns and crannogs. The early Christian period began in the 6th Century, with 563AD being a pivotal point as it is believed that Christianity was brought to this part of northern Britain by St. Columba, when he arrived from Ireland to set up a monastery on the Island of Iona just off the south-west point of Mull.

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Kincardineshire
The County of Kincardine, also known as Kincardineshire or The Mearns (from A' Mhaoirne meaning 'The Stewartry') was a local government county on the coast of northeast Scotland. It was bounded by Aberdeenshire on the north and west, and by Angus on the south.
The Kincardineshire name is retained for a lieutenancy area, a registration county of Scotland and Kincardine and Mearns is a committee area of the Aberdeenshire Council.
The county town was originally the town of Kincardine (not, as many believe, the village of Kincardine O'Neil, which was in the County of Aberdeen). The town of Kincardine, however, ceased to exist during the Middle Ages. The only visible sign of its previous existence is the ruin of Kincardine Castle, 2 miles north-east of Fettercairn. In 1296, King John Balliol wrote a letter of surrender from the castle to Edward I of England after a short war which marked the beginning of the wars of Scottish independence. In 1600 Parliament caused the government of Kincardineshire to be conducted at the Stonehaven Tolbooth. The county used to go as far north as the River Dee but in 1891 the Royal Burgh of Torry was incorporated into Aberdeen.

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Kintail
Kintail (Scottish Gaelic: Cinn Tàile) is an area of mountains in the Northwest Highlands of Scotland. It consists of the mountains to the north of Glen Shiel and the A87 road between the heads of Loch Duich and Loch Cluanie; its boundaries, other than Glen Shiel, are generally taken to be the valleys of Strath Croe and Gleann Gaorsaic to the north and An Caorann Mòr to the east.
The area is known chiefly for the Five Sisters Of Kintail (Gaelic: Còig Peathraichean Chinn Tàile, although not a name derived from the Gaelic, it has individual names for each: Sgùrr na Ciste Duibhe, Sgùrr na Càrnach, Sgùrr Fhuaran, Sgùrr nan Spàinteach and Sgùrr nan Saighead), a high ridge some 8 km (5.0 mi) long rising steeply from Glen Shiel to a maximum height of 1,067 metres (3,501 feet). The five distinctly pointed summits are a well known landmark and a popular hillwalking expedition. Three of the Five Sisters, which are all over 3,000 feet, are classified as full Munros, with the other two being subsidiary Munro tops. The ridge containing the Five Sisters continues unbroken to the east where it takes in a further three Munros, often known as the Brothers. Beinn Fhada (Ben Attow) is the other main mountain in the area.

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Kintyre
Kintyre (Scottish Gaelic: Cinn Tìre, Scottish Gaelic pronunciation: [kʲʰiɲˈtʲʰiːɾʲə]) is a peninsula in western Scotland, in the southwest of Argyll and Bute. The region stretches approximately 30 miles (48 km), from the Mull of Kintyre (subject of the song of the same name by Paul McCartney) in the south, to East Loch Tarbert in the north. The region immediately north of Kintyre is known as Knapdale.
Kintyre is long and narrow, at no point more than 11 miles (18 km) from west coast to east coast. The east side of the Kintyre Peninsula is bounded by Kilbrannan Sound, with a number of coastal peaks such as Torr Mor. The central spine of the peninsula is mostly hilly moorland. The coastal areas and hinterland, however, are rich and fertile. Kintyre has long been a prized area for settlers, including the early Scots who migrated from Ulster to western Scotland and the Vikings or Norsemen who conquered and settled the area just before the start of the second millennium.
The principal town of the area is Campbeltown (about 5½ miles by road from the Mull), which has been a royal burgh since the mid-18th century. The area's economy has long relied on fishing and farming, although Campbeltown has a reputation as a producer of some of the world's finest single malt whisky. Campbeltown Single Malts include the multi-award winning 'Springbank'.

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Kirkcudbrightshire
The Stewartry of Kirkcudbright ( /kərˈkuːbriː/ kirr-KOO-bree; Siorrachd Chille Chuithbheirt in Gaelic) or Kirkcudbrightshire (/kərˈkuːbriːʃər/ kirr-KOO-bree-shər) was a county of south-western Scotland. It was also known as East Galloway, forming the larger Galloway region with Wigtownshire.
Kirkcudbrightshire bounded on the north and north-west by Ayrshire, on the west and southwest by Wigtownshire, on the south and southeast by the Irish Sea and the Solway Firth, and on the east and northeast by Dumfriesshire. It included the small islands of Hestan and Little Ross. It had an area of 575,565 acres (2,323 km²). That area is now part of the unitary authority of Dumfries and Galloway, and is additionally administratively used for property registration.
In 1372 Archibald the Grim, a natural son of Sir James Douglas "the Good", became Lord of Galloway and received in perpetual fee the Crown lands between the Nith and the Cree. He appointed a steward to collect his revenues and administer justice, and there thus arose the designation of the "Stewartry of Kirkcudbright" (see History below).

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Knapdale
Coordinates: 56°01′N 5°31′W / 56.02°N 5.52°W / 56.02; -5.52
Knapdale (Scottish Gaelic: Cnapadal) forms a rural district of Argyll and Bute in the Scottish Highlands, adjoining Kintyre to the south, and divided from the rest of Argyll to the north by the Crinan Canal. It includes two parishes, North Knapdale and South Knapdale.
Knapdale Forest, planted in the 1930s, covers much of the region. During the 1930s, the Ministry of Labour supplied the men from among the unemployed, many coming from the crisis-hit mining and heavy industry communities of the Central Belt. They were housed in one of a number of Instructional Centres created by the Ministry, most of them on Forestry Commission property; by 1938, the Ministry had 38 Instructional Centres across Britain. The camp was used to hold enemy prisoners during the Second World War. The hutted camp in Knapdale was located at Cairnbaan, just south of the Crinan Canal, and a surviving building remains in use as a Forestry Commission workshop.

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Knoydart
Coordinates: 57°02′12″N 5°41′01″W / 57.03680°N 5.68369°W / 57.03680; -5.68369
Knoydart (Scottish Gaelic: Cnòideart) is a peninsula in Lochaber, Highland, on the west coast of Scotland.
Knoydart is sandwiched between Lochs Nevis and Hourn — often translated as Loch Heaven and Loch Hell respectively.
The northern part of what is traditionally known as na Garbh-Chrìochan or "the Rough Bounds", because of its harsh terrain and remoteness, Knoydart is also referred to as "Britain's last wilderness". Only accessible by boat, or by a 16-mile (26 km) walk through rough country, its seven miles (11 km) of tarred road are not connected to the UK road system.
Approaching by sea, passenger, equipment and mail services are operated from Mallaig to Inverie by Bruce Watt Cruises. Various passenger, equipment and mail services are offered by private boat operators.
Designated as a National Scenic Area, Knoydart is popular with hill walkers, mountaineers, sailors and wildlife enthusiasts. It includes the Munros of Ladhar Bheinn (1020 m), Luinne Bheinn (939 m), Meall Buidhe (946 m) and Sgurr na Cìche (1040 m).

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Lammermuir Hills
The Lammermuir Hills, usually simply called the Lammermuirs (An Lomair Mòr in Gaelic) (occasionally anglicised Lammermoors), in southern Scotland, form a natural boundary between Lothian and the Scottish Borders.
They span the areas of East Lothian Council and the Scottish Borders Council, and they extend from Gala Water to St. Abb's Head, and offer a traditional site for sheep grazing.
The hills are nowhere especially high, the highest points being Meikle Says Law at 535 m (1,755 ft) and the Lammer Law at 528 m (1,732 ft), but steep gradients, exposure to the elements and a lack of natural passes combine to form a formidable barrier to communications between Edinburgh and the Borders.
The hills are crossed by only one major road (the A68), which crosses the shoulder of Soutra Hill between Lauder and Pathhead, and is frequently closed by snow in winter. The main road linking Edinburgh to England (the A1) avoids the hills by following a circuitous route around the coast
The name Lammermuir literally means "lambs' moor" or "moorland of the lambs" from the Old English genitive plural "lambra" ("lambs") and the noun "mor" ("moorland", "swamp", "waste ground"). Early forms include Lombormore, Lambremore, Lambermora and Lambirmor. Another place-name with the element "lambra" is Lamberton.

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Lauderdale
Lauderdale is a long narrow geographical district in the Scottish Borders, Scotland, being the valley of the Leader Water, (a tributary of the River Tweed), above which rivulet St. Cuthbert had a vision of St. Aidan's soul being conducted to heaven. It is traversed from end to end by the A68 trunk road which terminates at Edinburgh.
Many ancient camps, and many tumuli, are found in Lauderdale. The Roman road into Scotland, Dere Street, which means 'the road into the country of the wild animals', crossed a ford at Newstead, near Melrose, where there had been a Roman fort and garrison, and entered Lauderdale. Dere Street is said to have been reconditioned by King Malcolm Canmore and probably used by him in his almost constant warfare against England. The Roman road has now been traced from the Tweed through Lauderdale to Soutra.
The valley is said to take its name from the principal town of Lauderdale, the Royal Burgh of Lauder, The town is said to derive its name from the ancient family of the same name. The name of the river between 1124 and 1165 was spelt Leder and Ledre, whilst the name of the town has always been spelt Lauueder, Lawedir, Laudre, Lawder, Lawedere, Lauueder, &c. In a charter of William the Lion (1165 - 1214) both Lauueder and Lauuederdale are mentioned, as is Loweder in another document of the same reign.

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Lewis
Coordinates: 58°13′13″N 6°22′59″W / 58.220163°N 6.38301°W / 58.220163; -6.38301
Lewis (Scottish Gaelic: Leòdhas, pronounced [ʎɔː.əs̪], also Isle of Lewis) is the northern part of Lewis and Harris, the largest island of the Western Isles or Outer Hebrides (an archipelago) of Scotland. The total area of Lewis is 683 square miles (1,770 km²).
Lewis is, in general, the lower lying part of Lewis and Harris, with the other part, Harris, being more mountainous. The flatter, more fertile land means Lewis contains the largest settlement, Stornoway, and three-quarters of the population of the Western Isles. Beyond human habitation, the island's diverse habitats are home to an assortment of flora and fauna, such as the golden eagle, red deer and seals and are recognised in a number of conservation areas.
Lewis is of Presbyterian tradition with a rich history, having once been part of the Norse Kingdom of Mann and the Isles. Today, life is very different from elsewhere in Scotland with Sabbath observance, the Gaelic language and peat cutting retaining more importance than elsewhere. Lewis has a rich cultural heritage as can be seen from its myths and legends as well as the local literary and musical traditions.

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Liddesdale
Liddesdale, the valley of the Liddel Water, in the County of Roxburgh, southern Scotland, extends in a south-westerly direction from the vicinity of Peel Fell to the River Esk, a distance of 21 miles (34 km). The Waverley route of the North British Railway runs down the dale, and the Catrail, or Picts' Dyke, crosses its head.
Liddesdale was also an historic district of Scotland, bordering Teviotdale to the east, Annandale to the west and Tweeddale to the north, with the English county of Cumberland across the border to the south. The area which was in the Sheriffdom of Roxburgh and later became part of the County of Roxburgh, one of the counties of Scotland. The main reorganisation took place during the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, this Act established a uniform system of county councils and town councils in Scotland and restructured many of Scotland’s counties. (See: History of local government in the United Kingdom)
At one period the points of vantage on the river and its affluents were occupied with freebooters' peel towers, but many of them have disappeared and the remainder are in decay. Larriston Tower belonged to the Elliots, Mangerton, now little more than a site, to the Armstrongs and Park to "Little Jock Elliot", the outlaw who nearly killed Bothwell in an encounter in 1566. Hollows Tower, Johnnie Armstrong's peel, is in good condition; it is on the A7, about six and a half kilometres south of Langholm.

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Linlithgow
Coordinates: 55°58′45″N 3°36′38″W / 55.97905°N 3.61054°W / 55.97905; -3.61054
Linlithgow ( /lɪnˈlɪθɡoʊ/; Scottish Gaelic: Gleann Iucha, Scots Lithgae) is a Royal Burgh in West Lothian, Scotland. An ancient town, it lies south of its two most prominent landmarks: Linlithgow Palace and Linlithgow Loch, and north of the Union Canal.
The town's coat of arms shows a black dog, chained to an oak tree, which grows on an island. Linlithgow's patron saint is Saint Michael and its motto is St. Michael is kinde to straingers.
Formerly the principal town of West Lothian, which was also known as Linithgowshire, the town lies some 20 miles (32 km) west of Edinburgh along the main railway route to Glasgow. Before the construction of the M8 & M9 motorways and the opening of the Forth Road Bridge, the town lay on the main road from Edinburgh to Stirling, Perth and Inverness while the canal system linked the burgh to Edinburgh and Glasgow. The nearby village of Blackness once served as the burgh's port.
The chief historic attraction of Linlithgow is the remains of Linlithgow Palace, the birthplace of James V and Mary, Queen of Scots, and probably Scotland's finest surviving late medieval secular building. The present Palace was started (on an older site) in 1424 by James I of Scotland. It was burnt in 1746, and, whilst unroofed, it is still largely complete in terms of its apartments (though very few of the original furnishings survived).

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Loch Broom
Coordinates: 57°53′28″N 5°09′54″W / 57.891°N 5.165°W / 57.891; -5.165

Loch Broom (Scottish Gaelic: Loch Bhraoin, loch of rain showers) is a sea loch located in northwestern Ross and Cromarty, in the former parish of Lochbroom, in the west coast of Scotland. The small town of Ullapool lies on the eastern shore of the loch. Alternatively, the reference to broom is thought to be derived from the spreading yellow gorse.
Its sister loch, Little Loch Broom, lies just to the west, at the foot of An Teallach and opening into the Minch. The village of Dundonnell, is located at the mouth of the loch, linked by the A832 coast road to Camusnagaul on the eastern shore, midway up the loch, and Badcaul further north. The loch is an important wildlife habitat, and a population of cormorants often bask on the rocks jutting out of the water.
Loch Broom is fed by River Broom which rises in the Dirrie mountains. issuing from two lochs, Loch Bhraoin and Loch Droma. Loch Bhraoin feeds the river Abhainn Cuileig which is joined by the Allt Breabaig stream that rises in Sgùrr Breac to the south. Loch Droma feeds the river Abhainn Droma. The two rivers join close to Cuileig Power Station, 4.75 miles southeast of Loch Brown, passing Leal Forrest before joining the loch as a fast flowing river with a strong current.

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Lochaber
Lochaber (Scottish Gaelic Loch Abar) is one of the 16 ward management areas of the Highland Council of Scotland and one of eight former local government districts of the two-tier Highland region. There are also earlier senses of Lochaber as a district, and Parish, within the county of Inverness (Inverness-shire), and the county of Argyll - north of Loch Eil - and as simply a district of Scotland. All senses of Lochaber refer to an area in the west of the Scottish Highlands
The ward management area is one of five comprising the Highland Council's Ross, Skye and Lochaber corporate management area, which is one of three Highland Council corporate management areas. The Ross, Skye and Lochaber area consists of six out of the 22 wards of the council area and the Lochaber area consists of two wards, the Caol and Mallaig ward, which elects three councillors, and the Fort William and Ardnamurchan ward, which elects four councillors. Each of the other wards of the corporate area is a separate ward management area.

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Lothian
Lothian (Scots: Lowden; Scottish Gaelic: Lodainne) forms a traditional region of the Scottish Lowlands, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills. The Lothian region includes Edinburgh City, West Lothian, Mid Lothian and East Lothian. The principal settlement in Lothian is the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. Towns include Livingston, Linlithgow, Bathgate and Dunbar.
Historically, the term Lothian is used for a province encompassing the present area plus the Scottish Borders region. The name is related to the legendary British King Loth or Lot. In the 7th century it came under the control of the northern part of the Angle Kingdom of Northumbria for a time, but Anglian grip on Lothian was quickly weakened following the Battle of Dun Nechtain in which they were defeated by the Picts. Lothian's distinction from Northumbria is indicated in the survival of its original Brythonic Celtic name, used even by English Chroniclers. In 1018 AD Lothian was annexed by the Kingdom of Scotland.

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Machars
The Machars (Gd: Machair (Ghallghaidhealaibh); lit. "the Plains (of Galloway)") is a peninsula in Galloway in the south-west of Scotland. The word is derived from the Gaelic word Machair meaning low lying or level land, known as "links" on the east coast of Scotland. Although there are no high peaks in the Machars, it is not flat and would best be described as undulating or rolling. The North Atlantic Drift or Gulf Stream creates a mild climate in which plants normally associated with the Southern Hemisphere can thrive, and dolphins and basking sharks are frequently seen in the seas.
The Machars peninsula is roughly defined by a northern boundary stretching from Newton Stewart to Glenluce, the only other boundary being the sea. The 40-mile (64 km) coastline has enormous variety, starting with the mud-flats of Wigtown on the east facing Wigtown Bay, down to the sandy beach at Rigg Bay in Garlieston (where the Mulberry Harbours were developed). The coastline then rises to form dramatic cliffs as it passes the ruins of Cruggleton Castle, dropping a little at Portyerrock Bay and the Isle of Whithorn, and rising again at Burrow Head (where much of the cult classic The Wicker Man was filmed).

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Marr
Marr is one of six committee areas in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, bordering Atholl, Badenoch, Gowrie, The Mearns, Banff and Buchan.^{[citation needed]} It has a population of 34,038 (2001 Census). Someone from Marr is called a Màrnach in Scottish Gaelic.^{[citation needed]}
To the west, the mountain environment of the Cairngorms National Park sustains a well-developed tourist industry based on heritage and outdoor pursuits. Forestry and livestock farming are key industries, particularly in remoter areas. Part of the area has qualified for EU financial assistance. To the east, Marr has experienced population growth due to its strong commuter links with the city of Aberdeen.^{[citation needed]}
The committee area consists of three wards of Aberdeenshire council:
Between them the three wards elect 10 councillors to the sixty-eight member council.
Marr is named after Mar, one of the historic districts of Scotland, extending from north of the Don southward to the Mounth. Like other such districts, it was under the rule of a mormaer in the Middle Ages. In the 12th century an earl (the Earl of Mar) took his place, but no definite succession of earls appears till the 13th century, nor is any connection established between them and the mormaers.

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Menteith
Coordinates: 56°10′30″N 4°03′25″W / 56.175°N 4.057°W / 56.175; -4.057
Menteith or Monteith (Scottish Gaelic: Tèadhaich), a district of south Perthshire, Scotland, roughly comprises the territory between the Teith and the Forth. The region is named for the river Teith, but the exact sense is unclear, early forms including Meneted, Maneteth and Meneteth.
First recorded as the Mormaerdom of Menteith, it became the Earldom of Menteith. Gille Críst is the first known mormaer. The lands and the earldom passed to Walter Comyn (d. 1258) in right of his wife Isabella, and then through Isabella's sister Mary to Stewarts, and finally to the Grahams, becoming extinct in 1694.
The Lake of Menteith, situated 24 miles south of Loch Venachar, measures 14 miles long by 1 mile broad, and contains three islands. On Inchmahome (Innis MoCholmaig, island of St Colmaig) stand the ruins of Inchmahome Priory, an Augustinian priory founded in 1238 by Walter Comyn, and built in the Early English style, with an ornate western doorway. Mary, Queen of Scots, when a child of four, lived on the island for a few weeks before her departure to Dumbarton Castle, and on to France in 1548. On Inch Talla stands the ruined tower of the earls of Menteith, dating from 1428.

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Midlothian
Midlothian ( /mɪdˈloʊðiən/; Scots: Midlowden, Scottish Gaelic: Meadhan Lodainn) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a lieutenancy area. It borders the Scottish Borders, East Lothian and the City of Edinburgh council areas.
The County of Midlothian used for local government purposes formerly encompassed the city of Edinburgh, and within these borders still serves as a registration county.
Midlothian Council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, with the boundaries of the Midlothian district of the Lothian region. The district had been created in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, and it consisted of the local government county of Midlothian, minus the burgh of Musselburgh and Calder, Cramond, Currie and Inveresk areas.
There is a Midlothian constituency of the House of Commons. There was a Midlothian constituency of the Scottish Parliament up to the 2011 elections when it was divided between Midlothian North and Musselburgh and Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale.

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Minginish
Minginish (Scottish Gaelic: Minginis) is a peninsula on the island of Skye in Scotland. It is situated in south central Skye, between Loch Scavaig and Glen Drynoch in the west and Loch Harport and Glen Sligachan in the south and east. It includes most of the peaks of the Cuillin hills including Sgurr Alasdair, the highest point on the island at 992 metres (3,255 ft). The island of Soay lies offshore across the Soay Sound, with the Small Isles further south across the Cuillin Sound.
Much of the interior is uninhabited and the terrain is a series of hills and mountains dissected by steep-sided valleys such as Glen Brittle and Glen Eynort. To the east, Loch Coruisk, which has been painted by William Daniell and J.M.W. Turner amongst others and visited by Walter Scott. is only accessible by boat or on foot via a track from Sligachan.
There are a number of small settlements in Minginish, principally along the south coast of Loch Harport, including Carbost, Drynoch and Fiskavaig. Eynort and Talisker are further south. Crofting is a mainstay of the economy and Talisker whisky is distilled in Carbost.

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Moidart
Coordinates: 56°49′12″N 5°41′46″W / 56.820°N 5.696°W / 56.820; -5.696
Moidart is a district in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland.
Moidart lies to the west of Fort William and is very remote. Loch Shiel cuts off the south-east boundary of the district. Moidart includes the townships of Dorlin, Mingarry, Kinlochmoidart and Glenuig. At Dorlin is located the ancient fortress of the MacDonalds, Castle Tioram. During World War II, HMS Dorlin was based at Dorlin and was used for training of Royal Navy Beach Signals and Royal Signals sections - battle training.
Fergie MacDonald was raised in the area.
The Macdonalds of Moidart area were the Clan Ranald.
John MacGregor W.S. states c.1929^{[citation needed]}
This was the original and ancient estate of MacDonald of ClanRanald.
Clanranald left his ancient stronghold of Castle Tioram to join James VII in 1715. According to MacGregor's knowledge Clanranald set fire to his castle when he left at this time. His account of the fire agrees with Seton Gordon's later version of this story, although some accounts state that the fire was started by accident in the castle kitchen.

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Morar
Coordinates: 56°58′10″N 5°49′18″W / 56.969457°N 5.82157°W / 56.969457; -5.82157
Morar (Scottish Gaelic: Mòrar) is a small village on the west coast of Scotland, 3 miles (4.8 km) south of Mallaig. The name Morar is also applied to the wider district around the village.
Morar is a station stop on the West Highland Line and is served by the A830 Road to the Isles, between Fort William and Mallaig. It is famous for Morar Beach, known as the "White Sands of Morar", which featured prominently in the film Local Hero, as well as in Breaking the Waves. Loch Morar, the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, is located nearby.
Morar was also a favourite winter travel destination of the noted English composer, Sir Arnold Bax (1883–1953), during the 1930s. He worked on his Third Symphony, and each subsequent symphony during his visits to the Station Hotel.
The Battle of Morar was a Scottish clan battle fought in 1602, between the Clan MacDonald of Glengarry and the Clan Mackenzie.
Many houses in the area were used as training schools by the Special Operations Executive during World War II. The Land, Sea and Islands Centre in Arisaig has a display on the connection between SOE and the area and has published a book on the subject.

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Moray
Moray (pronounced Murray, Scottish Gaelic Moireibh or Moireabh, Latin Moravia) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It lies in the north-east of the country, with coastline on the Moray Firth, and borders the council areas of Aberdeenshire and Highland.
The Moray council area was established in 1975; see History of the subdivisions of Scotland and History of local government in Scotland.
The Moray council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, with the boundaries of the former Moray district of the two-tier Grampian region.
Local government districts had their own directly elected councils. Therefore, they were said to be part of a two-tier system of local government. This was abolished by the 1994 legislation, in favour of unitary council areas. The districts, and the regions, had been formed in 1975, under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973.
The Moray district had been formed by combining the local government county of Moray, except Grantown-on-Spey and Cromdale areas, with Aberlour, Buckie, Cullen, Dufftown, Findochty, Keith and Portknockie areas of the county of Banff. The Grantown-on-Spey and Cromdale areas had been combined with Kingussie and Badenoch areas of the county of Inverness to form the Badenoch and Strathspey district of the Highland region.

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Morvern
Coordinates: 56°35′N 5°42′W / 56.59°N 5.7°W / 56.59; -5.7
Morvern is a peninsula in south west Lochaber, on the west coast of Scotland. The name is derived from the Gaelic A' Mhorbhairne (the Sea-Gap). The highest point is the summit of the Corbett Creach Bheinn which reaches 2,800 feet (850 m) in elevation.
Morvern is approximately 250 square miles (650 km²) with a current population of about 320.
Morvern was formerly known as Kinelvadon, which William J. Watson takes to be from Cineal Bhaodain, that is that lands of the Cenél Báetáin, a division of the Cenél Loairn named after Báetán, a putative great-grandson of Loarn mac Eirc. The Senchus fer n-Alban states that "Baotan has twenty houses".
The ruined Ardtornish Castle was in the possession of Somerled in the 12th century and then the Lords of the Isles, whose ownership was recalled in a poem of the same name by Sir Walter Scott. Kinlochaline Castle was once the seat of the MacInnes clan. It was largely destroyed by the army of Oliver Cromwell and restored in 1890.

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Muir of Ord
Coordinates: 57°31′N 4°28′W / 57.52°N 4.46°W / 57.52; -4.46
Muir of Ord (Scottish Gaelic: Am Blàr Dubh) is a village in Highland, Scotland. It is situated near the western boundary of the Black Isle, about 20 km west of the city of Inverness, and 10 km south of Dingwall. It has a population of 3,026.

The Black Isle Show, one of the largest agricultural shows in Scotland, is held every August in a showground near Muir of Ord.
The village is served by Muir of Ord railway station, opened in 1869.
The Glen Ord Distillery is one of the few remaining whisky distilleries on the Black Isle.
Muir of Ord also have a local football team, Muir of Ord Rovers FC. They compete in the North Caledonian Football League.
The Muir of Ord community website is at http://www.muiroford.org.uk/

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NHS Scotland
NHS Scotland (Gaelic: SNS Alba or Seirbheis Slàinte na h-Alba) is the publicly funded healthcare system of Scotland. Although they are separate bodies the organisational separation between NHS Scotland and the other three healthcare organisations each commonly called the National Health Service in the United Kingdom tends to be hidden from its users due to the co-ordination and co-operation where "cross-border" or emergency care is involved. In 2006, the NHS in Scotland had around 158,000 staff including more than 47,500 nurses, midwives and health visitors and over 3,800 consultants. In addition, there are also more than 12,000 doctors, family practitioners and allied health professionals, including dentists, opticians and community pharmacists, who operate as independent contractors providing a range of services within the NHS in return for fees and allowances. It had an operating budget of £9.3Bn in 2008/09.
Healthcare policy and funding is the responsibility of the Scottish Government's Health and Wellbeing Directorate. The current Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing is Nicola Sturgeon and the Director-General (DG) for Health and Social care is Derek Feeley. A website has been created to mark 60 years of the NHS in Scotland.

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Nithsdale
Coordinates: 55°07′59″N 3°43′59″W / 55.133°N 3.733°W / 55.133; -3.733
Nithsdale (Srath Nid in Scottish Gaelic), also known by its anglicised gaelic name Strathnith or Stranit, is the valley of the River Nith in Scotland, and the name of the region. It is possible that Strath Nid actually represents the Cumbric Ystrad Nidd as Cumbric (arising as it did from the British Language) was the dominant language in this area from before Roman times until the 11th or 12th Century whereas Gaelic influence here was late and transient. The River Nith flows north to south through the Southern Uplands in south-west Scotland, separating the Lowther hills from the Scaur hills. Nithsdale has historically been a strategic area as it forms an invasion route from England into central Scotland.
Nithsdale was also an historic district of Scotland, bordering Annandale to the east, Clydesdale to the north, Kyle to the north-west and Galloway to the west. The district was in the Sheriffdom of Dumfries and later became part of the County of Dumfries, one of the counties of Scotland. The main reorganisation took place during the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, this Act established a uniform system of county councils in Scotland and realigned the boundaries of many of Scotland’s counties. It is one of three subdivisions of Dumfriesshire, along with Eskdale (previously part of Liddesdale) and Annandale.

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North Isles
The North Isles are the northern islands of the Shetland Islands, Scotland. The main islands in the group are Yell, Unst and Fetlar. Sometimes the islands in Yell Sound are included in this group.
They are a significant group, since Yell and Unst are the second and third largest islands in the archipelago, and also the third and fourth most populous (Whalsay, which is not in the group, is the second most populous). Combined, their total land area is far larger than the rest of the Shetland Islands (excluding Mainland) combined.
The group also contains the most northerly land of the United Kingdom and Shetland at Out Stack near Muckle Flugga, and its most northerly settlement Skaw on Unst. These also happen to be the most northerly British territorial claims currently in existence, since Canadian independence, in contradistinction to those of Cornwall, which only represent the southernmost parts of the UK, and not those of British overseas territories, such as the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and British Antarctic Territory. In similar fashion, Britain's most northerly maritime claims are also based on these islands, having great effect on its fishing and oil industries.

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North Mainland
Coordinates: 60°25′N 1°15′W / 60.417°N 1.25°W / 60.417; -1.25
The North Mainland of the Shetland Islands is the part of the Mainland lying north of Voe (60° 21′N).
Notable places in North Mainland include:
To the north east, are the North Isles, and Yell Sound

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Northumbria
Northumbria (Old English: Norþanhymbra / Norþhymbre) was a mediæval kingdom of the Angles, in what is now Northern England and South-East Scotland, becoming subsequently an earldom in a united Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England. The name reflects the approximate southern limit to the kingdom's territory, the Humber Estuary.
Northumbria was formed by Æthelfrith in central Great Britain in Anglo-Saxon times. At the beginning of the 7th century the two kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira were unified. (In the 12th century writings of Henry of Huntingdon the kingdom was defined as one of the Heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.) At its greatest the kingdom extended at least from just south of the Humber, to the River Mersey and to the Forth (roughly, Sheffield to Runcorn to Edinburgh) – and there is some evidence that it may have been much greater (see map).
The later (and smaller) earldom came about when the southern part of Northumbria (ex-Deira) was lost to the Danelaw. The northern part (ex-Bernicia) at first retained its status as a kingdom but when it become subordinate to the Danish kingdom it had its powers curtailed to that of an earldom, and retained that status when England was reunited by the Wessex-led reconquest of the Danelaw. The earldom was bounded by the River Tees in the south and the River Tweed in the north (broadly similar to the modern North East England).

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Orkney
Orkney (Scottish Gaelic: Arcaibh) also known as the Orkney Islands (and sometimes "the Orkneys", a name which locals disparage), is an archipelago in northern Scotland, 16 kilometres (10 mi) north of the coast of Caithness. Orkney comprises approximately 70 islands of which 20 are inhabited. The largest island, known as the "Mainland" has an area of 523.25 square kilometres (202.03 sq mi) making it the sixth largest Scottish island and the tenth-largest island in the British Isles. The largest settlement and administrative centre is Kirkwall.
The name "Orkney" dates back to the 1st century BC or earlier, and the islands have been inhabited for at least 8,500 years. Originally occupied by Mesolithic and Neolithic tribes and then by the Picts, Orkney was invaded and forcibly annexed by Norway in 875 and settled by the Norse. It was subsequently annexed to the Scottish Crown in 1472, following the failed payment of a dowry for James III's bride, Margaret of Denmark. Orkney contains some of the oldest and best-preserved Neolithic sites in Europe, and the "Heart of Neolithic Orkney" is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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Outer Hebrides
Coordinates: 57°46′N 7°01′W / 57.76°N 7.02°W / 57.76; -7.02
The Outer Hebrides (Scottish Gaelic: Na h-Eileanan Siar, IPA: [nə ˈhelanən ˈʃiəɾ]) also known as the Western Isles and the Long Island, is an island chain off the west coast of Scotland. The islands are geographically contiguous with Comhairle nan Eilean Siar, one of the 32 unitary council areas of Scotland. They form part of the Hebrides, separated from the Scottish mainland and from the Inner Hebrides by the waters of the Minch, the Little Minch and the Sea of the Hebrides. Scottish Gaelic is the predominant spoken language, although in a few areas English speakers form a majority.
Most of the islands have a bedrock formed from ancient metamorphic rocks and the climate is mild and oceanic. The 15 inhabited islands have a total population of about 26,500 and there are more than 50 substantial uninhabited islands. From Barra Head to the Butt of Lewis is roughly 210 kilometres (130 mi).
There are various important prehistoric structures, many of which pre-date the first written references to the islands by Roman and Greek authors. The Western Isles became part of the Norse kingdom of the Suðreyjar, which lasted for over 400 years until sovereignty was transferred to Scotland by the Treaty of Perth in 1266. Control of the islands was then held by clan chiefs, principal of whom were the MacLeods, MacDonalds, Mackenzies and MacNeils. The Highland Clearances of the 19th century had a devastating effect on many communities and it is only in recent years that population levels have ceased to decline. Much of the land is now under local control and commercial activity is based on tourism, crofting, fishing, and weaving.

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Penicuik
Coordinates: 55°49′34″N 3°13′12″W / 55.826°N 3.220°W / 55.826; -3.220
Penicuik ( /ˈpɛnɪˌkʊk/) is a burgh and civil parish in Midlothian, Scotland, lying on the west bank of the River North Esk. The town was developed as a planned village in 1770 by Sir James Clerk of Penicuik. It became a burgh in 1867. The town was well known for its paper mills, the last of which closed in 2005. More recently the town was home to the Edinburgh Crystal works. Penicuik has two secondary schools, Penicuik High School and Beeslack Community High School.
The town's name is pronounced 'Pennycook' and is derived from Pen Y Cog, meaning "Hill of the Cuckoo" in the Old Brythonic language (also known as Ancient British and the forerunner of modern Welsh).
Near Penicuik is Glencorse Parish Kirk, which formed part of the inspiration for Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped (1886). Some of the streets nearby are named after characters in the novel and its sequel, Catriona (1893). Penicuik is home to the Royal Highland Fusiliers, 2nd Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland, garrisoned in Glencorse Barracks.

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Rannoch Moor
Rannoch Moor (Scottish Gaelic: Mòinteach Raineach/Raithneach) is a large expanse of around 50 square miles (130 km²) of boggy moorland to the west of Loch Rannoch, in Perth and Kinross and Lochaber, Highland, partly northern Argyll and Bute, Scotland. Rannoch Moor is designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and a Special Area of Conservation.
It is notable for its wildlife, particularly famous for the sole British location for the Rannoch-rush, named after the moor. It was also frequently visited by Horace Donisthorpe, who collected many unusual species of ants on the moor and surrounding hilly ground. Today it is still one of the few remaining habitats for Formica exsecta, the "narrow-headed ant", although recent surveys have failed to produce any sign of Formica pratensis, which Donisthorpe recorded in the area in the early part of the 20th century.
Peat deposits pose major difficulties to builders of roads and railways. When the West Highland Line was built across Rannoch Moor, its builders had to float the tracks on a mattress of tree roots, brushwood and thousands of tons of earth and ashes.

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Rhins of Galloway
The Rhins of Galloway (also known as The Rhins; and can be spelt The Rhinns; Scottish Gaelic: Na Rannaibh [1]) is a hammer-head peninsula in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Stretching more than 25 miles (40 km) from north to south, its southern tip is the Mull of Galloway, the southernmost point of Scotland.
The principal settlements are Stranraer at the head of Loch Ryan and the small tourist village of Portpatrick on the west coast, other villages are dotted up and down the peninsula, including Kirkcolm, Leswalt, Lochans, and in the South Rhins; Stoneykirk, Sandhead, Ardwell and Drummore.
Herbert Maxwell defines "Rhinns" as rionn, rinn, meaning a point or promontory.
The peninsula is bounded on its west coast by the North Channel and by Loch Ryan and Luce Bay in the east. With around 50 miles (80 km) of coastline running from Stranraer in the north to Torrs Warren in the south the land is heavily influenced by the seas. The coastal landscape varies; with the western coast generally having steep rugged cliffs and occasional inlets, which contrasts with the calmer eastern coast, with its sandy beaches and softer landscape.

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Rinns of Islay
The Rinns of Islay (Scottish Gaelic: Na Roinn Ìleach; alternative English spelling Rhinns of Islay) is an area on the west of the island of Islay in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland.
It is a peninsula that is attached to the main body of the island at its northern end. The main population centres are Port Charlotte and Portnahaven, based on the A847 that runs along its eastern coast.
It is designated a Special Protection Area due to its importance for a number of breeding and wintering birds, particularly Greenland White-fronted Goose and Chough. The significance of the area owes much to its wide variety of habitats including bog, moorland, dune grassland, maritime grassland, marsh and extensively-farmed agricultural land.
The Rinns of Islay lighthouse is located on the island of Orsay.
Coordinates: 55°44′22″N 6°26′19″W / 55.73954°N 6.43872°W / 55.73954; -6.43872

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River Oykel
The River Oykel (Scottish Gaelic: Abhainn Oicill, pronounced [au.ɪɲ ɤçɡ̊ʲɪɫ̪]) is a major river in northern Scotland that is famous for its salmon fishing. It rises on Ben More Assynt, a few miles from Ullapool on the west coast of Scotland, and drains into the North Sea via the Kyle of Sutherland. Traditionally it has marked the boundary between Ross to the south and Sutherland to the north.
The river rises at a height of 1500 feet on the southern side of Ben More Assynt, and flows just over 35 miles.^{[citation needed]} The upper valley is known as Glen Oykel (Gleann Oicill) and is mostly desolate moorland; the lower valley is known as Strath Oykel (Srath Oicill). The A837 road runs along the river for most of its length, crossing it just above the junction with the Einig, about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Rosehall at Oykel Bridge. The eponymous hotel is famous among anglers, who are obliged to stay there when fishing the river.
The River Cassley feeds into the Oykel by Invercassley (Inbhir Charsla), forming the Kyle of Sutherland which is later joined by the River Shin and the River Carron. The Kyle discharges into the North Sea via the Dornoch Firth.

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Ross of Mull
The Ross of Mull (Scottish Gaelic, An Ros Mhuileach) is the largest peninsula of the island of Mull, about 28 kilometres (17 mi) long and makes up the south-western part of the island. It is bounded to the north by Loch Scridain and by the Firth of Lorne to the south. The main villages are Bunessan and Fionnphort with smaller settlements including Ardtun, Camas, Carsaig, Knockan, Pennyghael and Uisken. Knocknafenaig is one of several cleared settlements on the Ross.
In the novel Kidnapped by Robert Louis Stevenson, the main protagonist Davie Balfour explores this area after escaping the tidal island of Erraid.
The 1945 film I Know Where I'm Going! directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger was principally shot on Mull using Carsaig as a headquarters and references the fictional "Isle of Kiloran", which was based on Colonsay. Other scenes were shot at Duart Castle and Calgary.
Coordinates: 56°18′25″N 6°17′8″W / 56.30694°N 6.28556°W / 56.30694; -6.28556

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Rousay
Rousay (Old Norse: Hrólfsey meaning Rolf's Island) is a small, hilly island about 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Orkney's Mainland, off the north coast of Scotland, and has been nicknamed "the Egypt of the north", due to its archaeological diversity and importance.
It is separated from mainland Orkney by the Eynhallow Sound, and, like its neighbours Egilsay and Wyre, can be reached by a ro-ro ferry (MV Eynhallow) from Tingwall, on the mainland of Orkney, which takes 20–25 minutes. This service is operated by Orkney Ferries, and can take up to 95 passengers (reduced to 50 in winter), and 10 cars. The ferry links the islands of Rousay, Egilsay, and Wyre with each other, and with the mainland of Orkney.
In the 2001 census, Rousay had a population of 212 people. Most employment opportunities are in farming, fishing or fish-farming; there are also craft businesses and some seasonal tourism-related work. There is one circular road round the island, about 23 kilometres (14 mi) long, and most arable land lies in the few hundred yards between this and the coastline. With an area of 4,860 hectares (18.8 sq mi), it is the fifth largest of the Orkney Islands.

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Roxburgh
Coordinates: 55°35′47″N 2°27′22″W / 55.5965°N 2.4562°W / 55.5965; -2.4562
Roxburgh, also known as Rosbroch, is a village, civil parish and now-destroyed royal burgh. It was an important trading burgh in High Medieval to early modern Scotland. In the Middle Ages it had at least as much importance as Edinburgh, Stirling, Perth, or Berwick-upon-Tweed, for a time acting as de facto capital (as royal residence of David I).
Its significance lay in its position in the centre of some of Lowland Scotland's most agriculturally fertile areas, and its position upon the River Tweed, which allowed river transport of goods via the main seaport of Berwick-upon-Tweed. Its position also acted as a barrier to English invasion.
The town stood on a defensible peninsula between the rivers Tweed and Teviot, with Roxburgh Castle guarding the narrow neck of the peninsula. Nothing remains of the town except some ruined segments of castle ramparts. Its site lies to the south of modern Kelso and Floors Castle, which lie on the other side of the Tweed. The Duke of Roxburghe owns the site.

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Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba ([ˈalˠ̪apə] listen (help·info))) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
Edinburgh, the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres. Edinburgh was the hub of the Scottish Enlightenment of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the Greater Glasgow conurbation. Scottish waters consist of a large sector of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest oil reserves in the European Union. This has given Aberdeen, the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.

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Scottish Borders
The Scottish Borders (Scots: The Mairches; Scottish Gaelic: Na Crìochan) is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. It is bordered by Dumfries and Galloway in the west, South Lanarkshire and West Lothian in the north west, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian to the north; and the non-metropolitan counties of Northumberland and Cumbria in England to the south and east. The administrative centre of the area is Newtown St. Boswells.
Historically, the name Scottish Borders designated the entire border region of southern Scotland and, together with neighbouring areas of England, was part of the historical Borders region.
The Scottish Borders are located in the Eastern part of the Southern Uplands.
The region is hilly and largely rural, with the River Tweed flowing west to east through the region. In the east of the region the area that borders the River Tweed is flat and is known as 'The Merse'. The Tweed and its tributaries drain the entire region with the river flowing into the North Sea at Berwick-upon-Tweed, and forming the border with England for the last twenty miles or so of its length.

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Scottish Marches
Scottish Marches was the term used for the Anglo-Scottish border during the late medieval and early modern eras. They were first conceived in a treaty between Henry III of England and Alexander III of Scotland in 1249 as an attempt to control the Anglo-Scottish border by providing a buffer zone. On both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border there were the West March, the Middle March and the East March. These regions nearly mirrored each other but there was some overlap between the Scottish and English regions. In the late 13th century Edward I of England appointed the first Lord Warden of the Marches, who were tasked with overseeing these regions and keeping their monarch's domain secure; when it was in their interests they would encourage cross-border raiding, or even full-scale war.
For centuries the Marches on either side of the boundary were areas of mixed allegiances, where families or clans switched which nation or side they supported as suited their family interests at that time, and lawlessness abounded. Before the two kingdoms were united under the personal union of Scotland and England under James VI of Scotland (James I of England), the border clans would switch allegiance between the Scottish and English thrones depending on what was most favourable for the members of the clan. For a time, powerful local clans dominated a region on the border between England and Scotland, known as the Debatable Lands, where neither monarch's writ was heeded.

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Shapinsay
Shapinsay is one of the Orkney Islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland. There is one village on the island, Balfour, from which roll-on/roll-off car ferries sail to Kirkwall on the Orkney Mainland. Balfour Castle, built in the Scottish Baronial style, is one of the island's most prominent features, a reminder of the Balfour family's domination of Shapinsay during the 18th and 19th centuries; the Balfours transformed life on the island by introducing new agricultural techniques. Other landmarks include a standing stone, an Iron Age broch, a souterrain and a salt-water shower.
With an area of 29.5 square kilometres (11.4 sq mi), Shapinsay is the eighth largest island in the Orkney archipelago. It is low-lying and fertile, consequently most of the area is given over to farming. Shapinsay has two nature reserves and is notable for its bird life.
As of the 2001 census, Shapinsay has a population of 300. The economy of the island is primarily based on agriculture with the exception of a few small businesses that are largely tourism-related. Plans for the construction of a wind turbine are under consideration.

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Shetland
Coordinates: 60°18′14″N 1°16′08″W / 60.3038°N 1.2689°W / 60.3038; -1.2689 Shetland (/ˈʃɛtlənd/) (from Middle Scots Ȝetland) is a subarctic archipelago of Scotland that lies north and east of mainland Great Britain. The islands lie some 80 km (50 mi) to the northeast of Orkney and 280 km (170 mi) southeast of the Faroe Islands and form part of the division between the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east. The total area is 1,468 km² (567 sq mi) and the population totalled 22,210 in 2009. Comprising the Shetland constituency of the Scottish Parliament, Shetland is also one of the 32 council areas of Scotland; the islands' administrative centre and only burgh is Lerwick.
The largest island, known simply as "Mainland", has an area of 967 km² (373 sq mi), making it the third-largest Scottish island and the fifth-largest of the British Isles. There are an additional 15 inhabited islands. The archipelago has an oceanic climate, a complex geology, a rugged coastline and many low, rolling hills.

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Skye
Skye or the Isle of Skye (Scottish Gaelic: An t-Eilean Sgitheanach or Eilean a' Cheò) is the largest and most northerly island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. The island's peninsulas radiate out from a mountainous centre dominated by the Cuillin hills. Although it has been suggested that the first of these Gaelic names describes a "winged" shape there is no definitive agreement as to the name's origins.
The island has been occupied since the mesolithic period and has a colourful history including a time of Norse rule and a long period of domination by Clan MacLeod and Clan Donald. The events of the 19th century had a devastating impact on the human population, which declined from over 20,000 to around 9,200 in the early 21st century. Nonetheless, in contrast to many other Scottish islands, this represents a 4 per cent increase from the census of 1991. The main industries are tourism, agriculture, fishing and whisky-distilling. The largest settlement is Portree, known for its picturesque harbour.

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Sleat
Sleat is a peninsula on the island of Skye in the Highland council area of Scotland, known as "the garden of Skye". It is the home of the clan MacDonald of Sleat. The name comes from the Scottish Gaelic Sléibhte (or Slèite), which in turn comes from Old Norse sléttr (smooth, even), which well describes Sleat when considered in the surrounding context of the mainland, Skye and Rùm mountains that dominate the horizon all about Sleat.
Sleat is a traditional parish that has several communities and two major landowners (the Clan Donald Lands Trust and Eilean Iarmain Estate. Sleat Community Trust (Gaelic: Urras Coimhearsnachd Shlèite), the local development trust, has purchased the Skye Ferry Filling Station at Armadale and in common with many communities is investigating the options for renewable energy production. It also owns Sleat Renewables Ltd., a timber production company. In October 2007 the Trust hosted the Highlands and Islands Community Energy Company annual conference.
Recently^[when?] the final section of a new double-track road through Sleat to Broadford was finished. Most teenage school-children in Sleat attend Portree High School, where there is a hostel for those who live particularly far away.

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South Mainland
Coordinates: 60°4′N 1°16′W / 60.067°N 1.267°W / 60.067; -1.267
The South Mainland of the Shetland Islands is the part of the Mainland lying south of Hellister (60° 14′N).

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South Ronaldsay
South Ronaldsay is one of the Orkney Islands off the north coast of Scotland. It is linked to the Orkney Mainland by the Churchill Barriers, running via Burray, Glimps Holm and Lamb Holm.
With an area of 4,980 hectares (19.2 sq mi), it is the fourth largest of the Orkney islands after The Mainland, Hoy and Sanday.Ferries sail from Burwick on the island to John o' Groats on the Scottish mainland and from St Margaret's Hope to Gills Bay.
South Ronaldsay's main village is St Margaret's Hope, Orkney's third largest settlement. It is named either after Margaret, Maid of Norway, the heir to the Scottish throne who died in Orkney age seven or possibly St. Margaret. The village has a small blacksmith's museum and is known for its annual Boys' Ploughing Match. During this event young girls dressed in dark jackets play the part of the horses and young boys using miniature ploughs compete with one another at ploughing furrows in the nearby sands.
The cardinal points of the island are Ayre of Cara, by Churchill Barrier no. 4 (north), Grim Ness (east), Brough Ness, (south) and Hoxa Head, (west). The highest elevation is Ward Hill, which reaches 118 metres (387 ft). This name is common one in Orkney for the highest point on an island and comes from the historic use of these places used for the lighting of warning beacons.

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Strath of Kildonan
Strath of Kildonan, also known as Strath Ullie, is a strath in Sutherland, in the north of Scotland. It extends in a north-westerly direction from Helmsdale towards Kinbrace.
The River Helmsdale (also known as River Ullie) flows down the strath, and into the sea at Helmsdale.
The A897 road runs along the strath, as does the Far North Line, with Kildonan railway station half way along.
Coordinates: 58°09′22″N 3°50′42″W / 58.156°N 3.845°W / 58.156; -3.845

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Strathallan
Strathallan is the strath of the Allan Water in Scotland. The strath stretches north and north-east from Stirling through Bridge of Allan, Dunblane and Blackford to Auchterarder in Perth and Kinross. Strathallan is also the name for one of the wards in the Perth and Kinross Council area, electing three councillors under the Single Transferable Vote system.
The main A9 road from central Scotland to the north of the country runs the length of Strathallan, as does the former Caledonian Railway line from Stirling to Perth and beyond.
Strathallan School, an independent boarding and day school, was originally located in Bridge of Allan but relocated away from the area to Forgandenny, Perth in 1920.
Coordinates: 56°15′02″N 3°51′07″W / 56.25056°N 3.85194°W / 56.25056; -3.85194

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Strathclyde
Strathclyde (Srath Chluaidh in Gaelic, meaning "valley of the River Clyde", pronounced [s̪t̪ra xɫ̪ɯi]) was one of nine former local government regions of Scotland created by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 and abolished in 1996 by the Local Government etc (Scotland) Act 1994. The Strathclyde region had 19 districts.
The area was on the west coast of Scotland and stretched from the Highlands in the north to the Southern Uplands in the south. As a local government region, its population, in excess of 2.5 million, was the largest of the regions. The Region was responsible for education (from pre-school through to colleges); social work; police; fire; sewage; strategic planning; roads; transport - and, therefore, employed almost 100,000 public servants (almost half were teachers, lecturers and others in the education service)
The regional administrative headquarters was in the largest city, the City of Glasgow and politics were by and large dominated by the Labour Party. The first regional council convener was the Rev Geoff Shaw, who died in 1978. It was largely due to his leadership that the Region forged its innovative strategy on multiple deprivation - which remained its central commitment to the end of the Region's life through "Social Strategy for the Eighties" (1982) and "SS for the 90s". A paper describing this period can be found in "key papers" at

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Strathdon
Strathdon (Gaelic: Srath Dheathain) is an area in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. It is situated in the strath of the River Don, 45 miles west of Aberdeen in the Highlands. The main village in the strath is also called Strathdon, although it was originally called Invernochty due to its location at the confluence of the River Don and the River Nochty.
Strathdon is an informal geographical area, this means there are no precise boundaries in terms of where it begins or ends. It is the founding place of the Lonach Highland and Friendly Society, and the Lonach Highland Gathering. This is a traditional Highland Gathering with the heavy events such as tossing the caber, hammer etc, and also hosts a competition of Highland dancing for local and not so local dancers. Dances include the noted 'Highland Fling', 'Sword Dance', 'Seann Truibhas' and 'Reel of Tulloch'.
Notable figures who have visited Strathdon include Sean Connery, Queen Elizabeth, Ewan McGregor and Billy Connolly. The latter now owns the Candacraig estate house, although the estate remains in the possession of Mr F. Wallace.

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Strathearn
Strathearn or Strath Earn ( /stræθˈɜrn/; from Scottish Gaelic) is the strath of the River Earn, in Scotland. It extends from Loch Earn in Perth and Kinross to the River Tay.
"Strathearn" or "Strathern" is also a surname in the United States and Northern Ireland, predominantly in the Bellaghy area of County Londonderry.
The royal dukedom of Strathearn has occasionally been awarded to members of the British Royal Family. Prince William was created Earl of Strathearn, as a subsidiary title to Duke of Cambridge, on 29 April 2011, the day of his wedding to Catherine Middleton.
Coordinates: 56°19′57″N 3°40′57″W / 56.3325°N 3.6825°W / 56.3325; -3.6825

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Strathgryffe
Coordinates: 55°52′41″N 4°34′26″W / 55.878°N 4.574°W / 55.878; -4.574
Strathgryffe or Gryffe Valley (both also spelled Gryfe) (Gaelic: Srath Ghriobhaidh) is a strath or wide valley centred on the River Gryffe in the west central Lowlands of Scotland.
The river and its valley extend over the historic county of Renfrewshire. Strathgryfe, anciently a feudal lordship, is associated historically with the origins of the county and was anciently the name was used not only for the Gryffe Valley itself, but for the whole of Renfrewshire. The River Gryffe passes through the council areas of Inverclyde and Renfrewshire, rising in Kilmacolm and joining the Black Cart Water between Houston and Inchinnan.
The lands of Strathgryffe were granted by King David I to Walter fitz Alan, first High Steward of Scotland, and founder of the Stewart family in Scotland in the 1130s.
Strathgryffe was absorbed into the late medieval county of Renfrew, in which the Stewarts would be based for centuries thereafter.
Strath is an anglicised Gaelic term for a valley wider than a glen. The term is rendered in Scots Gaelic as 'Srath' and in the ancient British Celtic language of the area as 'Ystrad'.

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Strathnaver
Strathnaver or Strath Naver (Scottish Gaelic: Srath Nabhair) is the fertile strath of the River Naver, a famous salmon river that flows from Loch Naver to the north coast of Scotland. The term has a broader use as the name of an ancient province also known as the Reay Country, once controlled by the Clan Mackay and extending over most of northwest Sutherland.
Loch Naver lies at the head of the strath, in the shadow of Ben Klibreck. The loch is 10 km (6 mi) long and 33 m (108 ft) deep. The Altnaharra Hotel at the western end of the loch has been used by anglers since the early 19th century. Just below the loch, the Naver is joined by the River Mallart coming down from Loch Choire. It then flows through the Naver Forest and under the road bridge at Syre. The Langdale Burn and Carnachy Burn are other major tributaries as the strath widens out and flows into the sea at Bettyhill.
Most of Strathnaver lies in the former parish of Farr named after a village on the coast northeast of Bettyhill. Today it is administered as part of the Highland Council area.

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Strathtay
Coordinates: 56°39′35″N 3°46′41″W / 56.659669°N 3.778142°W / 56.659669; -3.778142
Strathtay is a small rural village on the River Tay in Perthshire, Scotland. It is part of the Grandtully and Strathtay Conservation Area. Neighbouring Grandtully is situated on the other side of the Tay, across Grandtully Bridge.
Strathtay is a particularly attractive village in Highland Perthshire, very much shaped by the Scottish feu system, which has led to a prevalence of Victorian architecture and landscaping. The village has many stone houses with large, mature gardens containing oak, beech, and monkey-puzzle trees and rhododendrons. J. M. Barrie is known to have spent summer holidays at Beechwood in Strathtay.

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Strathyre
Strathyre is a district and settlement in the Stirling local government district of Scotland. It forms the south-eastern part of the parish of Balquhidder and was, prior to the 1973 reorganisation of local government, part of Perthshire. It is within the bounds of the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park.
The district of Strathyre extends from east of Balquhidder, following the River Balvaig which flows out of Loch Voil, almost due south to Loch Lubnaig. The River Balvaig is 8 kilometres in length, almost all of which lies in Strathyre. It falls by around 5 metres between Loch Voil and Loch Lubnaig. The A84 road and the route of the former Callander and Oban Railway run through the valley, as does the old 18th century military road.
The Strathyre Forest, which extends well beyond the limits of Strathyre proper, is managed by the Forestry Commission, forming the eastern-most part of the Queen Elizabeth Forest Park.
The village of Strathyre is largely a Victorian creation, having grown up with the arrival of the railway in the 1870s and the establishment of Strathyre railway station. The resident population recorded by the United Kingdom Census 2001 was around 100. The village is a popular tourist centre, with nearby caravan parks, camp sites and chalets, and canoeing, cycling and walking facilities.

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Sunart
Sunart is a rural district and community in the south west of Lochaber in Highland, Scotland, on the shores of Loch Sunart, and part of the civil parish of Ardnamurchan. The main village is Strontian, at the head of the loch, which is the location of Ardnamurchan High School, the local fire station, police station and other facilities.
The district is bounded to the south by the eastern half of Loch Sunart and by part of Morvern, to the west by the Ardnamurchan peninsula (beyond Salen), to the north by Loch Shiel, and to the east and north east by the district of Ardgour, from which it is divided by a range of high hills. Main access to the area today is via Glen Tarbert, from the Corran Ferry, although there is also a road coming in from Lochailort, via Moidart, to the north. Although the area may seem isolated now, in the past the main mode of transport in the West Highlands was boat, and the district was well-integrated into the west coast economy and culture.
Nearly all of the population live in a narrow ribbon of small settlements along the northern shore of Loch Sunart, with a southerly aspect. The inland, including the shore of Loch Shiel, consists of rough, hilly country, mainly moorland, peat bog and woodland, dominated by the main hill, Beinn Resipol, which is a Corbett.

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Sutherland
Sutherland is a registration county, lieutenancy area and former county of Scotland. It is now within the Highland council area. In Gaelic the area is referred to according to its traditional areas: Dùthaich Mhic Aoidh (or Dùthaich 'Ic Aoidh) (NW), Asainte (Assynt), and Cataibh (East). However, Cataibh will often be used to refer to the area as a whole.
The county town, and only burgh of the county, was Dornoch. Other settlements include Bonar Bridge, Lairg, Brora, Durness, Embo, Tongue, Golspie, Helmsdale, Lochinver, Scourie and Kinlochbervie.
Sutherland became a local government area in 1890, and the county was abolished in 1975, when the Sutherland district was created as one of eight districts of the Highland Region. The region was created at the same time as the district. The district was abolished in 1996, when the region became a council area.
The name Sutherland dates from the era of Norse rule and settlement over much of the Highlands and Islands, under the rule of the jarl of Orkney. Although it contains some of the northernmost land in the island of Great Britain, it was called Suðrland ("southern land") from the standpoint of Orkney and Caithness.

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Tayside
Tayside Region (Taobh Tatha in Gaelic) was a local government region of Scotland from 15 May 1975 to 31 March 1996. It was created by the 1973 Act following recommendations made by the 1969 Wheatley Report which attempted to replace the mishmash of counties, cities, burghs and districts, with a uniform two-tier system of regional and district councils. Following the 1994 Local Government Act, it is now divided into the council areas of Perth and Kinross, Angus, and the City of Dundee, which had previously been the region's districts.
Tayside continues to have a joint police service, fire service, and electoral, valuation, and health boards.
Coordinates: 56°42′N 3°44′W / 56.7°N 3.733°W / 56.7; -3.733

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The Aird
The Aird (Gaelic: An Àird) is an area of the County of Inverness, to the west of the City of Inverness. It is situated to the south of the River Beauly and the Beauly Firth, and to the north of Glenurquhart and the northern end of Loch Ness.
Villages within the Aird include Kirkhill, Kiltarlity, Lentran and Inchmore.
It is the traditional heart of the Clan Fraser's territory, containing their family seat of Beaufort Castle. The first known Lord of the Aird, however, was John Byset.
The area gives its name to a Highland Council ward - "Aird and Loch Ness".
Blar Nam Feinne (grid reference NH595433 is a site on Cnoc na Moine that reputedly saw a battle in the early 11th century between King Malcolm and Thorfinn of Norway. It is also supposed to be the site of the defeat of Donald Balloch in the 15th century. Various cairns marked the burials from the battles, about 20 mounds have survived forestry operations with varying degrees of mutilation.
Coordinates: 57°27′N 4°24′W / 57.45°N 4.40°W / 57.45; -4.40

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The Cumbraes
The Cumbraes are a group of islands in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland. The islands belong to the traditional county of Bute and the modern unitary authority of North Ayrshire.
The main islands in the group are:
These two islands are separated from each other by a broad sound called The Tan and from the Scottish mainland by a busy shipping channel known as the Fairlie Roads.
There are also a number of uninhabited islets in the group:
The Cumbraes are referred to as the Kumreyiar in the Norse Saga of Haakon Haakonarson.
Coordinates: 55°46′5″N 4°55′13″W / 55.76806°N 4.92028°W / 55.76806; -4.92028

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The Oa
The Oa (Scottish Gaelic: An Obha) is a rocky region in the southwest of Islay, in Argyll, Scotland. It is an RSPB nature reserve.
The area is almost an island; its high point is Beinn Mhòr 202 metres (663 ft), in the south. It used to have a population of 800 in 1830 but became deserted due to the Highland Clearances. The American Monument was erected on the south coast by the American Red Cross to commemorate the loss of two ships in 1918, SS Tuscania, a passenger liner and HMS Otranto.
The area around the memorial is an RSPB Nature Reserve, where chough, golden eagles, corncrakes and sea birds can be seen. 1,931 hectares (4,770 acres) have been designated as a Special Protection Area for the protection of the chough.Ireland can be seen from the south peninsula on a clear day.
Coordinates: 55°37′N 6°17′W / 55.617°N 6.283°W / 55.617; -6.283

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Tranent
Tranent is a town in East Lothian (formerly Haddingtonshire), Scotland. It is close to the A1 road and approximately 11 miles (18 km) east of Edinburgh. It is one of the oldest towns in East Lothian, and built on a gentle slope, about 300 feet above sea level. Population of the town is approximately 10,000 people.
The name is thought to be of Brythonic origin, possibly containing the elements Tre and Nant, meaning Town of the Stream.
Once an important mining town, coal was first worked in Tranent in the 12th century. The history of coal mining in Scotland is mirrored in the history of the coal heughs, mines and pits of Tranent. Tranent is now a 'commuter' town supporting East Lothian, Edinburgh and the East of Scotland.
It was here that the Tranent Militia Riot, known as the Massacre of Tranent, took place in 1797, when a number of local people were killed by soldiers after protesting against conscription into the British Army. One of the 12 victims Jackie Crookston is depicted on the memorial that commemorates the dead in Civic Square [1].

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Trossachs
Coordinates: 56°13′52″N 4°24′18″W / 56.231°N 4.405°W / 56.231; -4.405
The Trossachs ( listen (help·info); Scottish Gaelic, Na Trosaichean) itself is a small woodland glen in the Stirling council area of Scotland. It lies between Ben A'an to the north and Ben Venue to the south, with Loch Katrine to the west and Loch Achray to the east. However, the name is used generally to refer to the wider area of wooded glens and braes with quiet lochs, lying to the east of Ben Lomond. The Lake of Menteith, in the strictest sense Scotland's only natural lake, lies about six miles (10 km) to the south east of the glen, on the edge of the Trossachs area.
The scenic charms of the area came to popularity with Sir Walter Scott's 1810 poem The Lady of the Lake, extending his romantic portrayal of Scotland's past from border ballads to poems of a medieval past rich in chivalry and symbolism. The poem gives a roll call of Trossachs place names, the lady herself being found on Loch Katrine. Scott followed up with his 1817 historical novel Rob Roy romanticising the outlaw cattle thief Raibert Ruadh born by Loch Katrine and buried at nearby Balquhidder.

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Trotternish
Trotternish or Tròndairnis (Scottish Gaelic) is the northernmost peninsula of the Isle of Skye, in Scotland.
One of its more well-known features is the Trotternish landslip, a massive landslide that runs almost the full length of the peninsula, some 30 kilometres (19 mi). The landslip contains two of Skye's most famous landmarks: the Old Man of Storr, an isolated rocky pinnacle, and the Quiraing, an area of dramatic and unusual rock formations. The summit of The Storr, on whose slopes the Old Man of Storr is located, is the highest point of the peninsula. While boasting many vertical heights, the area is mainly unsuitable for rock-climbing due to the friable rock.
The most northerly point of Trotternish, Rubha Hùinis, is also the most northerly point of Skye. The three major settlements on Trotternish are Portree (generally regarded as the capital of Skye), Uig and Staffin.
Trotternish is one of 40 National Scenic Areas in Scotland.
In terms of number of speakers, Troddernish is the strongest Gaelic-speaking area of Skye. In the 2001 census, 61% of the population returned as Gaelic speakers, there are Gaelic-medium units in the Staffin and Kilmuir primary schools, and the area is the focus of one of Comunn na Gàidhlig's Gaelic development initiatives, Lasair. In 2010, Comunn na Gàidhlig named Staffin as their Gaelic Community of the Year.

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Tweeddale
Tweeddale is a committee area and lieutenancy area in the Scottish Borders with a population of 17,394 at the latest census in 2001 it is the second smallest of the 5 committee areas in the Borders. It is the traditional name for the area drained by the upper reaches of the River Tweed. This area was considered to end before the Yarrow Water flowed into the Tweed, so the area was bounded to the south and east by the Yarrow/Tweed watershed, and to the north and east by the Gala/Tweed watershed.
Tweeddale was also a historic district of Scotland, bordering Teviotdale and the Marches to the east, Liddesdale and Annandale to the south, Clydesdale to the west and Lothian to the north. The district which covered the Sheriffdoms of Peebles and Selkirk later became of the County of Peebles in the north and County of Selkirk or the "Ettrick Forest" in the south, two of the counties of Scotland. The main reorganisation took place during the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, this Act established a uniform system of county councils and town councils in Scotland and officially restructured many of Scotland’s counties. (See: History of local government in the United Kingdom)

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Unst
Unst is one of the North Isles of the Shetland Islands, Scotland. It is the northernmost of the inhabited British Isles and is the third largest island in Shetland after the Mainland and Yell. It has an area of 46 square miles (120 km²).
Unst is largely grassland, with coastal cliffs. Its main village is Baltasound, formerly the second largest herring fishing port after Lerwick and now the location of a brewery, a leisure centre and the island's airport. Other settlements include Uyeasound, home to Greenwell's Booth (a Hanseatic warehouse) and Muness Castle (built in 1598 and sacked by pirates in 1627); and Haroldswick, location of a boat museum and a heritage centre.
The meaning of the name 'Unst' is unknown, but it appears to be of pre-Norse origin, like a number of other islands in the Shetland archipelago (e.g. Yell and Fetlar). It is therefore presumably a name given by the pre-Scandinavian inhabitants, and perhaps originated among people speaking a dialect of the Pictish language. In Old Norse the island was called "Ornyst". This is possibly Old Norse for "eagle's nest".

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Waternish
Waternish or Bhatairnis/Vaternish is a peninsula approximately 12 km (7.5 mi) long on the island of Skye, Scotland, situated between Loch Dunvegan and Loch Snizort in the northwest of the island, and traditionally inhabited and owned by Clan MacLeod whose clan seat is at the nearby Dunvegan Castle. The current clan chief is Hugh Macleod of Macleod. It contains the hamlets of Stein and Lusta in Loch Bay to the south east, Halistra, Hallin and Trumpan further north and Gillen to the west , all of which are accessed from the A850 road by crossing the Fairy Bridge. The highest point is Ben Geary (284 m (932 ft)) and the most northerly is Waternish Point. The name Waternish is derived from the Norse vatnenes or "headland of the pond".
The history of the peninsula is a long (and often bloody) one involving clan feuds, massacres, de-population during the Highland Clearances, and eventual re-vitalisation. Originally consisting of small crofting communities, Waternish now has a growing population and is home to various arts and crafts enterprises. Whilst the main industry on Waternish is tourism, there has also been a revival in recent years of crofting or small scale agriculture. The local school is called Knockbreck. The school has struggled recently due to an ageing population which has resulted in only 4 students currently attending. The local pub is the Stein Inn, which dates back to 1790 and is the oldest on Skye.

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West Lothian
West Lothian (Scots: Wast Lowden, Scottish Gaelic: Lodainn an Iar) is one of the 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area. It borders the City of Edinburgh, Falkirk, North Lanarkshire, the Scottish Borders and South Lanarkshire.
The council area was created in 1996, under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, with the boundaries of the West Lothian district of the Lothian region.
The county of West Lothian was called Linlithgowshire or the County of Linlithgow until 1921.
Before it was abolished in 1975 by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, the county contained six burghs. Two are now outside the West Lothian unitary council area:
On abolition in 1975 the county, with the exception of the Bo'ness area, was included in the Lothian Region. Bo'ness became part of the Central Region. Lothian Region was divided into four districts, one of which was named West Lothian and approximated to the former county.
West Lothian District was created in 1975, comprising the county of West Lothian; less the burghs of Bo'ness and South Queensferry and the Kirkliston area; it also included the East Calder and West Calder districts of the former county of Midlothian. The council's headquarters were originally in Bathgate, later moving to the new town of Livingston. The unitary authority created in 1996 used the same boundaries.

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West Mainland
Coordinates: 60°15′N 1°30′W / 60.25°N 1.5°W / 60.25; -1.5
The West Mainland of the Shetland Islands is the part of the Mainland lying west of Aith (1° 23′ W).

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Wester Ross
Coordinates: 57°39′58″N 5°13′08″W / 57.666°N 5.219°W / 57.666; -5.219
Wester Ross (Scottish Gaelic: Taobh Siar Rois) is a western area of Ross and Cromarty in Scotland, notably containing the villages on the west coast such as:
Wester Ross is geographically regarded as the western watershed of Ross-shire, but administrative and political boundaries diverge from this and have been subject to several changes and inconsistencies.
Wester Ross is a popular scenic tourism destination, although the level of this has declined considerably since the 1970s. Tourism still forms a major part of the economic activity of the area, particularly with the dramatic declines in fishing over the same period.
Wester Ross contains notable beauty spots such as Loch Maree, Inverewe Garden, Corrieshalloch Gorge, Glen Docherty and Bealach na Ba. But it is its mountains for which Wester Ross is renowned, in a unique and very old landscape.

The area is well known for its spectacular mountain scenery, especially the Torridon Hills which includes such peaks as Beinn Eighe and Liathach. Although many peaks in the North-west highlands exhibit Torridon geology, the Torridon hills are generally considered only to be those in the Torridon Forest to the north of Glen Torridon. Specifically, these are:

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Westray
Westray is one of the Orkney Islands in Scotland, with a population of around 550 people. Its main village is Pierowall, with a heritage centre, the ruined Lady Kirk and ferries to Papa Westray.
With an area of 18.2 square miles (47 km²), it is the sixth largest of the Orkney Islands. The underlying geology is Rousay type Middle Old Red Sandstone, the flagstones of which make excellent building materials. There is very little peat and the soil is noted for its fertility.
At the time of the earliest known settlements, c. 3500 BC, in Westray and neighbouring Papa Westray, it is believed that the two islands were joined. A Neolithic and Bronze Age site at the Links of Noltland is in the care of Historic Scotland.Collins Encyclopedia of Scotland says that "A larger settlement at Noltland on Westray is less well preserved" than the one on neighbouring Papa Westray. The Westray Wife is a 4 cm carved Neolithic figurine discovered there during a dig there in the summer of 2009. It is the only Neolithic carving of a human form archaeologists have found in Scotland to date, and is the earliest depiction of a face found in the United Kingdom. In 2010 some local businesses reported a 45% increase in turnover since the discovery of the figurine.

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Whalsay
Whalsay (Old Norse: Hvalsey or Hvals-øy, meaning 'Whale Island') is the sixth largest of the Shetland islands in Scotland.
Whalsay, also known as "The Bonnie Isle", is a peat-covered island in the Shetland Islands. It is situated east of the Shetland Mainland and has an area of 7.6 square miles (20 km²). The main settlement is Symbister, where the fishing fleet is based. The fleet is composed of both pelagic and demersal vessels. Other main settlements include, Clate, Isbister, Sandwick, Saltness, Huxter, Challister, Marrister, North Park and furthest north is Skaw.
The island is fertile and fairly densely populated, with crofting taking second place to fishing as the main local industries.
Ferries sail from Symbister to Laxo and Vidlin on the Shetland Mainland. When normal service is in operation two ferries run a tandem service between Symbister and Laxo. Departure times from the two terminals are normally around every 35 minutes according to a timetable, with the crossing taking approximately 30 minutes. The two ferries currently in service are the Hendra and the Linga. The Vidlin terminal is used when the weather causes the crossing to Laxo to become too rough. The journey between Symbister and Laxo takes around 30 minutes, but can take slightly longer depending on the weather and tides.

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Bernicia
Bernicia (Old English: Bernice, Beornice; Latin: Bernicia) was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom established by Anglian settlers of the 6th century in what is now southeastern Scotland and North East England.
The Anglian territory of Bernicia was approximately equivalent to the modern English counties of Northumberland and Durham, and the former Scottish counties of Berwickshire and East Lothian, stretching from the Forth to the Tees. In the early 7th century, it merged with its southern neighbour, Deira, to form the kingdom of Northumbria and its borders subsequently expanded considerably.
Bernicia is mentioned in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum (§ 61) under the Welsh name of Berneich or Birneich and in Old Welsh poetry and elsewhere under the name of Bryneich or Brynaich. This may reflect the name of a preceding Brythonic kingdom or province, which was subsequently adopted by the Anglian settlers and rendered as Bernice or Beornice in the Old English tongue. If such forms represent a Welsh version of Bernicia, it is unclear why Welsh would need to borrow a 'foreign' name for the area, so the former hypothesis is usually accepted, although no etymological analysis has produced a consensus. The etymology which is most widely cited is that tentatively proposed by Kenneth H. Jackson, which gives the meaning "Land of the Mountain Passes" or "Land of the Gaps". The earlier derivation from the tribal name of the Brigantes has been dismissed as linguistically unsound. In 1997 John T. Koch suggested the conflation of a probable primary form *Bernech with the native form *Brïγent for the old civitas Brigantum as a result of Anglian expansion in that territory during the 7th century.

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Deira
Deira (Old English: Derenrice (Scandinavian: Deren Riket; Germanic Deren Reich) or Dere) was a kingdom in Northern England during the 6th century AD. It extended from the Humber to the Tees, and from the sea to the western edge of the Vale of York. It later merged with the kingdom of Bernicia to the north to form the kingdom of Northumbria.
The name of the kingdom is of Brythonic origin, perhaps from Deifr, meaning "waters", or from Daru, meaning "oak", in which case it would mean "the people of the Derwent", a derivation also found in the Latin name for Malton, Derventio.
According to Simeon of Durham it extended from the Humber to the Tyne, but the land was waste north of the Tees. After the Brythonic kingdom centered around Eboracum, which may have been called Ebrauc, was taken by Edwin, the city of Eboracum became its capital and was called Eoforwic (boar-place) by the Angles. Before this it is likely that the capital would have been at or near Pocklington.
The first Deiran Anglian king of whom we have any record is Ælla, who flourished in the later 6th century after conquering the realm from the Britons in 581. After his death, Deira was subject to king Æthelfrith of Bernicia, who united the two kingdoms into Northumbria. Æthelfrith ruled until the accession of Ælla's son Edwin, in 616 or 617, who also ruled both kingdoms until 633.

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Eric Milligan
Eric Milligan is one of the Councillors for Sighthill/Gorgie ward, Edinburgh, Scotland. He was Convener of the Lothian and Borders Police Board from 2003 until 2007. He is a member of the Labour Party.
He was the last Convener of Lothian Regional Council (abolished at local government reorganisation in 1994). He subsequently became a member of the City of Edinburgh Council and Lord Provost of Edinburgh (1996–2003), one of the longest-serving holders of the office. He is a supporter of Heart of Midlothian FC.

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Henry of Huntingdon
Henry of Huntingdon (c. 1088 – c. 1154), the son of a canon in the diocese of Lincoln, was a 12th century English historian, the author of a history of England, Historia anglorum, "the most important Anglo-Norman historian to emerge from the secular clergy". He served as archdeacon of Huntingdon. The few details of Henry's life that are known originated from his own works and from a number of official records. He was brought up in the wealthy court of Robert Bloet of Lincoln, who became his patron.
At the request of Bloet's successor, Alexander of Lincoln, Henry began to write his Historia Anglorum, first published c. 1129, an account of the history of England from its beginnings up to the year 1154. The Historia stops after this date, the year it is assumed Henry died.
Little is known of Henry, an archdeacon in the Diocese of Lincoln who was born c. 1110 and died soon after 1154.^{[unreliable source?]} No personal correspondence or anecdotes survived him and it seemed that no one considered him important enough to have written a memorial. His biography depends upon a few notices scattered through his own work and in a few places where he left his name in the course of his official duties. The identity of his mother is unknown. His father Nicholas, the first archdeacon of Huntingdon, was a clerk in holy orders, who had enough influence with the Bishop of Lincoln to secure the succession of his title for his son, a substantial inheritance for a man who had not yet reached thirty. Nicholas was canon of Lincoln for over thirty years until his death in 1110.

wn.com/Henry_of_Huntingdon
Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л Серге́евич Горбачёв, tr. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov; IPA: [mʲɪxɐˈil sʲɪrˈɡʲejəvʲɪtɕ ɡərbɐˈtɕof] ( listen); born 2 March 1931) is a former Soviet statesman, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the last head of state of the Soviet Union, having served from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991. He was the only general secretary in the history of the Soviet Union to have been born during the Communist rule.
Gorbachev was born in Stavropol Krai into a peasant Ukrainian–Russian family, and in his teens operated combine harvesters on collective farms. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 with a degree in law. While he was at the university, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and soon became very active within it. In 1970, he was appointed the First Party Secretary of the Stavropol Kraikom, First Secretary to the Supreme Soviet in 1974, and appointed a member of the Politburo in 1979. Within three years of the deaths of Soviet Leaders Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo in 1985. Before he reached the post, he had occasionally been mentioned in western newspapers as a likely next leader and a man of the younger generation at the top level.

wn.com/Mikhail_Gorbachev

Marillion - Heart of Lothian

Marillion video with Fish...

published: 03 Jan 2007

author: Francescodraghi1989

Marillion - Heart Of Lothian

From the album Misplaced Childhood. Lyrics: On the outskirts of nowhere On the ringroad to...

published: 16 Jan 2011

author: yadancer1

East Lothian Tourist Guide

Slide show of pictures from East Lothian, near Edinburgh, Scotland. Includes Bass Rock, Cr...

published: 29 Apr 2011

author: RampantScotland

Heart of Lothian

from Misplaced Childhood Marillion...

published: 02 Oct 2006

author: mgwizdek

Marillion - Heart of Lothian (Live) HQ.

Marillion - Heart of Lothian live from Loreley...

published: 15 Dec 2008

author: Jan Hendrik Fennema

Marillion - Heart of Lothian (hq).

Videoclip of Marillion - Heart of Lothian in High Quality...

published: 19 Dec 2008

author: Jan Hendrik Fennema

West Lothian Tourist Guide

West Lothian, Scotland, tourist attractions and places of interest. Includes Blackness cas...

published: 21 Jun 2011

author: RampantScotland

The West Lothian Question, Part 1

The only UFO encounter ever to have a full police forensic crime scene investigation: scar...

published: 29 Oct 2009

author: waterborntv1

Sammy Burns' Yard Prestonpans East Lothian

I often visit this wonderful place to take pictures. This time I had permission to make a ...

published: 03 May 2012

author: periurban

UCR East Lothian Residence hall

A little video about how East Lothian Residence/Dorm hall looks like...

published: 15 Apr 2011

author: christian barrera

The Golf Coast of Scotland - Golf East Lothian

A short video produced by Tee Video, showing East Lothian's 19 golf courses along The Golf...

published: 25 Jun 2008

author: golfeastlothian

East Fortune Hospital - Abandoned Hospital - East Lothian

...

published: 23 Jan 2012

author: TeEnZiE

Major Incident Unit Lothian & Borders Fire & Rescue Service

A Scania major incident unit from Edinburgh's Newcraighall fire station is seen here respo...

published: 27 Sep 2011

author: wwwrescue911de

The West Lothian Question, Part 2

The only UFO encounter ever to have a full police forensic crime scene investigation: scar...

published: 29 Oct 2009

author: waterborntv1

East Lothian

mother and son in Scotland ....

published: 10 Apr 2011

author: Cosmo MacDonald

Lothian Buses

published: 27 Sep 2011

author: Alan Andrew Taylor

West Lothian

published: 26 Feb 2011

author: U Ulrich

Lothian Villa

published: 19 Jan 2012

author: towerhouse

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photo: AP / Antonio Calanni

Double-amputee sprinter Oscar Pistorius, of South Africa, poses prior to the start of the press conference, jsa1

Oscar Pistorius charged with murder after 'shooting girlfriend'

The Daily Telegraph

14 Feb 2013

South African Paralympic athlete Oscar Pistorius has been charged with murder after he allegedly shot and killed his girlfriend in the early hours of the morning, reportedly thinking she was an intruder. Reeva Steenkamp with Oscar Pistorius at an awards ceremony in November Photo. Rex Features/Getty Images. By Aislinn Laing, Johannesburg. 8.00AM GMT 14 Feb 2013. Oscar Pistorius 'shoots girlfriend dead'. latest ... Related Articles ... ....(size: 8.8Kb)

photo: AP / Chris Carlson

Law Enforcement personnel gear up along Hwy 38 during the hunt for accused killer and fired Los Angeles police officer, Christopher Dorner in Yacaipa, Caif.,Tuesday, Feb. 12, 2013.

Body found after Dorner manhunt

Irish Times

13 Feb 2013

Investigators have found charred human remains in a burned out cabin in the mountains above Los Angeles following a fiery standoff with a gunman suspected to be a fugitive former Los Angeles police officer, authorities said. The San Bernardino County Sheriff's department said that identification of the remains would be attempted using forensic analysis ... The tension heightened as the day wore on, and local schools were locked down ... ....(size: 7.1Kb)

photo: White House / Pete Souza

File - President Barack Obama holds a National Security Staff (NSS) meeting with Vice President Joe Biden in the Situation Room of the White House, Dec. 7, 2012.

Gun control push at heart of Obama speech

News24

13 Feb 2013

Washington - President Barack Obama brought the wounds inflicted by the recent spate of shooting deaths to Congress on Tuesday, ending his State of the Union address with an emotional plea for tougher gun control. Speaking for victims' relatives and gun crime survivors among the guests attending the joint session of Congress, he demanded their voices be heard amid the raucous debate triggered by a spate of bloody mass shootings ... - AFP....(size: 15.2Kb)

photo: AP / Gregorio Borgia

Vatican Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone walks past Pope Benedict XVI at the end of the Ash Wednesday mass in St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Wednesday, Feb. 13, 2013.

Pope celebrates last public Mass as pontiff

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

13 Feb 2013

VATICAN CITY -- Starting his public farewell to his flock, a weary Pope Benedict XVI celebrated his final public Mass as pontiff, presiding over Ash Wednesday services hours after a bittersweet audience that produced the extraordinary scene of the pope explaining his decision to step down directly to the faithful. The mood inside St ... Peter's Square after he was elected pope ... 28 ... "He was a wonderful theologian and pastor.". The Rev ... ....(size: 6.5Kb)

photo: UN / Evan Schneider

A wide view of the Security Council as it met to discuss a resolution on “threats to international peace and security posed by terrorism”.

UN condemns North Korea nuclear test

BBC News

13 Feb 2013

The UN Security Council has promised action against North Korea over its third nuclear test, calling it a clear threat to international security. At an emergency meeting, the UN said it would begin work on measures to halt the North's nuclear ambitions. The US called the test highly provocative, while China, Pyongyang's sole key ally, said it was strongly dissatisfied ... Continue reading the main story Analysis ... 'Serious threat'....(size: 4.2Kb)

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First West Lothian Fairtrade Day announced (West Lothian Council)

noodls

14 Feb 2013

West Lothian Council) News release. First West Lothian Fairtrade Day announced. West Lothian's first Fairtrade Day - thought to be the first approved by a local authority in Scotland - will be held on Friday 1 March during Fairtrade Fortnight, which runs from Monday 25 February to Sunday 10 March ... Mhairi Laughlin, Principal of West Lothian College, added....(size: 2.5Kb)

Welfare reform presentation gets 1000s of views (West Lothian Council)

noodls

14 Feb 2013

West Lothian Council) News release ... A video presentation on Welfare Reform posted by West Lothian Council on the social media platform You Tube achieved more than 1,000 views in just one week ... "West Lothian Council is committed to helping local ... This noodl was issued by West Lothian Council and was initially posted at www.westlothian.gov.uk....(size: 1.8Kb)

Council budget supports adult social care across county (East Lothian Council)

noodls

14 Feb 2013

(Source. East Lothian Council). The Council budget approved on Tuesday (12 February) has taken into account the diverse needs of adult social care across East Lothian ... East Lothian has a growing population and is the choice location for many to set up home or to retire to ... distributed by. This noodl was issued by East Lothian Council and was initially posted at www.eastlothian.gov.uk ... (noodl. 17551850) ....(size: 2.6Kb)

Two boys charged over fire at disused Edinburgh church

BBC News

14 Feb 2013

Lothian and Borders Police said two boys, aged 15 and 13, had been charged with culpable and reckless conduct ... ....(size: 0.5Kb)

Midlothian wind farm plans submitted

BBC News

14 Feb 2013

The proposal is a joint venture between Wind Prospect Group and EDF Energy Renewables ... "If approved, the Mount Lothian Wind Farm could deliver significant and meaningful benefits to the local community, as well as to the wider economy ... ....(size: 1.2Kb)

It's all-white for a meal! Cheeky albino squirrel is regular visitor to garden bird feeder

The Daily Mail

14 Feb 2013

The cheeky rare creature - a ......(size: 0.2Kb)

Jeanette Winterson jumps the gun

The Independent

14 Feb 2013

Despite what some people think, gays cannot yet legally marry in the UK ... She used Twitter to declare ... Commented ... Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll & Bute East Ayrshire North Ayrshire South Ayrshire Borders Clackmannanshire Dumfries & Galloway Dunbartonshire East Lothian Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow Highland Inverclyde North Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Midlothian Moray Orkney Perth & Kinross Renfrewshire Stirling West Lothian Western Isles....(size: 6.0Kb)

James Purnell is George Osborne’s adviser’s ex

The Independent

14 Feb 2013

It was January 2007, when he was accused of using his ministerial car to take his new girlfriend on dates ... Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll & Bute East Ayrshire North Ayrshire South Ayrshire Borders Clackmannanshire Dumfries & Galloway Dunbartonshire East Lothian Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow Highland Inverclyde North Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Midlothian Moray Orkney Perth & Kinross Renfrewshire Stirling West Lothian Western Isles ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)

Local Tories rally to Aidan Burley, of the Nazi-themed stag party

The Independent

14 Feb 2013

The ski resort of Val Thorens (Getty Images) ... Recent Posts on McSmith ... Most viewed. Read Commented Read ... England ... Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll & Bute East Ayrshire North Ayrshire South Ayrshire Borders Clackmannanshire Dumfries & Galloway Dunbartonshire East Lothian Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow Highland Inverclyde North Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Midlothian Moray Orkney Perth & Kinross Renfrewshire Stirling West Lothian Western Isles ... ....(size: 6.1Kb)

Policy-free, but a good Labour speech

The Independent

14 Feb 2013

But I thought its tone of Bipartisan Reasonableness was significant. ... I still think that ... Tagged in ... Most viewed ... Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll & Bute East Ayrshire North Ayrshire South Ayrshire Borders Clackmannanshire Dumfries & Galloway Dunbartonshire East Lothian Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow Highland Inverclyde North Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Midlothian Moray Orkney Perth & Kinross Renfrewshire Stirling West Lothian Western Isles....(size: 7.6Kb)

photo: WN / Imran Nissar

Record rainfall will increase subsidence risk this year

The Independent

14 Feb 2013

Richard Hinton, director at SearchFlow said ... The average cost per case is just over £13,600 ... Most viewed ... Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll & Bute East Ayrshire North Ayrshire South Ayrshire Borders Clackmannanshire Dumfries & Galloway Dunbartonshire East Lothian Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow Highland Inverclyde North Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Midlothian Moray Orkney Perth & Kinross Renfrewshire Stirling West Lothian Western Isles ... Wales ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)

Step aside Gangnam Style, it’s time for the Harlem Shake

The Independent

14 Feb 2013

This is not to be confused with the genuine ‘Harlem Shake’ dance move ... You’ll soon get the idea! Tagged in ... Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll & Bute East Ayrshire North Ayrshire South Ayrshire Borders Clackmannanshire Dumfries & Galloway Dunbartonshire East Lothian Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow Highland Inverclyde North Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Midlothian Moray Orkney Perth & Kinross Renfrewshire Stirling West Lothian Western Isles ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)

iBet: Liverpool may struggle to beat Zenit in Russia

The Independent

14 Feb 2013

Zenit St Petersberg v Liverpool, kick off 5pm. Lay Liverpool at 2.65/1. Back Spurs at 5/6 ... Advices ... Tagged in ... Aberdeenshire Angus Argyll & Bute East Ayrshire North Ayrshire South Ayrshire Borders Clackmannanshire Dumfries & Galloway Dunbartonshire East Lothian Edinburgh Falkirk Fife Glasgow Highland Inverclyde North Lanarkshire South Lanarkshire Midlothian Moray Orkney Perth & Kinross Renfrewshire Stirling West Lothian Western Isles ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)

timeline:
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"Lothians" redirects here. For the Scottish Parliament electoral region, see Lothians (Scottish Parliament electoral region).

For the former Australian publisher, now imprint, see Lothian Books.

For the town in Maryland, see Lothian, Maryland.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009)

Subdivisions
Lothian
Lothian within Scotland
Geography
Status	Traditional region of Scotland
HQ	Edinburgh
History
Origin	Kingdom of Northumbria
Created	In antiquity
Succeeded by	Various
Type	Shires
Units	West Lothian Edinburgh Midlothian East Lothian

Lothian (Scots: Lowden; Scottish Gaelic: Lodainne) forms a traditional region of the Scottish Lowlands, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills. The Lothian region includes Edinburgh City, West Lothian, Mid Lothian and East Lothian. The principal settlement in Lothian is the Scottish capital, Edinburgh. Towns include Livingston, Linlithgow, Bathgate and Dunbar.

Historically, the term Lothian is used for a province encompassing the present area plus the Scottish Borders region. The name is related to the legendary British King Loth or Lot. In the 7th century it came under the control of the northern part of the Angle Kingdom of Northumbria for a time, but Anglian grip on Lothian was quickly weakened following the Battle of Dun Nechtain in which they were defeated by the Picts. Lothian's distinction from Northumbria is indicated in the survival of its original Brythonic Celtic name, used even by English Chroniclers. In 1018 AD Lothian was annexed by the Kingdom of Scotland.^[1]

Subsequent Scottish history saw Lothian subdivided into the shires of West Lothian, Midlothian and East Lothian — leading to the phrase "the Lothians". These were also known by the names of "Linlithgowshire", "Edinburghshire" and "Haddingtonshire".

1 Lothian under the control of the Anglo Saxons
2 Lothian Regional Council (1975–1996)
3 Language
4 Notes
5 External links

Lothian under the control of the Anglo Saxons [link]

The name of Lothian is said to derive from the Brythonic name "Lleuddiniawn" (in modernised spelling), from the time of the Gododdin.

For a time, Lothian came under the control of the Kingdom of Bernicia, to the south. In due course Bernicia was united with Deira to form the Kingdom of Northumbria.

Little is recorded of Lothian's history specifically in this time. After the Norse settlements in what became Yorkshire, Northumberland was effectively cut in two. How much Norse influence spread to the English north of the Tees is uncertain. Their position must have been weakened, and by 1018 AD the King of Scots had annexed all Lothian. William of Malmesbury wrote though that Edgar King of the English ceded Lothian to Scotland in exchange for a renewed oath of fealty in the tenth century.

William the Conqueror invaded Lothian as far as the River Forth^[2] but did not re-annex it. At this time Lothian appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as Loðen or Loþen.

Henry of Huntingdon describes the southern boundary of Lothian as the River Tweed, describing a meeting on that river at Roxburgh.

Lothian Regional Council (1975–1996)[link]

The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 abolished the counties and burghs as local government units, replacing them with Regions and Districts. Lothian Regional Council formally took over responsibility in May 1975.

The Region was responsible for education, social work, water, sewerage, transport (including local buses within Edinburgh). Certain services provided by joint boards with neighbouring Borders Regional Council - notably for Lothian & Borders Police and the Lothian & Borders Fire Brigade. These joint authorities continue.

The two-tier system of local government was ended by the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, resulting in the abolition of Lothian Regional Council, and its replacement by a unitary system of local government. The former District Council areas of West Lothian, City of Edinburgh, Midlothian and East Lothian were used as the basis for the new Councils. The last convener of Lothian Regional Council was Eric Milligan, who later served as Lord Provost of Edinburgh. Lothian Regional Council also organised a series of lectures known as the Lothian Lectures, a notable speaker was Mikhail Gorbachev.

Lothian Joint Valuation Board handles valuation and electoral registration in the region. Lothian Health Board (NHS) was not a local government responsibility.

The name lived on in the LRT, or Lothian Regional Transport, bus company, known as Lothian Buses from 2000, and the NHS Lothian trust.

Language [link]

In the post-Roman period, Lothian was dominated by Brythonic speakers whose language is generally called Cumbric and was closely related to Welsh. In Welsh tradition Lothian is part of the Hen Ogledd. Remnants can be found in placenames such as Lothian, Tranent, Linlithgow and Penicuik.^[3]

Although one of the few areas of mainland Scotland where the Gaelic language did not achieve dominance — the presence of the language is attributed to the "temporary occupation…the presence of a landowning Gaelic-speaking aristocracy and their followers for something like 150-200 years"^[4] — there are some placenames from the language,^[3]^[5] e.g. Dalry, Currie, Balerno and Cockenzie.

Over time and due to various factors the language of the Lothians and the former Kingdom of Northumbria, a northern variety of Middle English, also known as Early Scots or Inglis, came to displace Gaelic as the language of all of lowland Scotland and over time adopted for itself the name "Scottis" ("Scots") which had previously been used to refer to Gaelic, which later became known as "Erse" ("Irish") — now considered derogatory. The dialects of the Lothians are sometimes considered to be part of Central Scots.

Notes [link]

^ "Ancient Lothian Timeline". cyberscotia.net. http://www.cyberscotia.com/ancient-lothian/leaves/features/lothian-timeline.html.
^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
^ ^a ^b "Ancient Lothian". cyberscotia.net. http://www.cyberscotia.com/ancient-lothian/index.html.
^ W. F. H. Nicolaisen (2001). Scottish Place Names. John Donald Publishers. pp. 240 pp. ISBN 0-85976-556-3.
^ Craig Cockburn (2005-11-02). "Gaelic roots need to be unearthed". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4396660.stm.

External links [link]

Traditional provinces and districts of Scotland

Major districts (former counties, provincial lordships and rural deaneries)

Minor districts

Insular districts
For smaller islands, usually districts in their own right, see List of Scottish islands

Islands of the Clyde	Arran Cumbrae

Islay	The Oa Rinns of Islay

Mull	Aros Ross of Mull

Skye	Duirinish Minginish Sleat Trotternish Waternish

Outer Hebrides	Harris (North Harris, South Harris) Lewis (The Lochs, West Side, Point, Back)

Orkney	Pomona Hoy and Walls Rousay Shapinsay South Ronaldsay Westray

Shetland	Mainland (Central Mainland, North Mainland, South Mainland, West Mainland) Fetlar Unst Whalsay Yell North Isles

Border areas

Debatable Lands East March Middle March West March

v t e Former local government regions of Scotland

Borders · Central · Dumfries and Galloway · Fife · Grampian · Highland · Lothian · Strathclyde · Tayside

Coordinates: 55°54′33″N 3°05′04″W / 55.90917°N 3.08444°W / 55.90917; -3.08444

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothian

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

This article is about the American actress. For the Scottish political figure, see Tommy Sheridan and HM Advocate v Sheridan and Sheridan.

Gail Sheridan (January 11, 1916, Seattle, Washington – September 17, 1982, Chevy Chase, Maryland) was an American film actress whose career spanned the 1930s. Sheridan was known for her role in the 1930s westerns Hopalong Cassidy Returns and Hills of Old Wyoming. She starred opposite actor William Boyd in both pictures. Her other credits include Strike Me Pink, directed by Norman Taurog, and The Plainsman, directed by Cecil B. DeMille. She was twice married, first to Alexander Sloan Nibley and then to David Abraham Katcher. She had a son, Philip Royall, by her first husband, and a daughter, Katherine Liza, later Kravik, by her second husband.

External links [link]

Persondata
Name	Sheridan, Gail
Alternative names	Mingins, Shirley (birth name)
Short description	Actress
Date of birth	1915-04-17
Place of birth	San Francisco, California
Date of death	2007-11-17
Place of death	Hollywood, California

This article about a United States film actor or actress born in the 1910s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

http://wn.com/Gail_Sheridan

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail_Sheridan

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Eddi Reader

Background information
Birth name	Sadenia Reader
Born	(1959-08-29) 29 August 1959 (age 52)
Origin	Glasgow, Scotland
Genres	Pop, Folk
Occupations	Singer, songwriter, musician, record producer
Instruments	vocals, acoustic guitar, concertina, harmonica, piano, ukulele
Years active	1984–present
Labels	RCA Blanco y Negro Rough Trade Compass
Associated acts	Fairground Attraction
Website	Official Website

Eddi Reader MBE (born Sadenia Reader; 29 August 1959)^[1] is a Scottish singer-songwriter, known both for her work with Fairground Attraction and for an enduring solo career. She is the recipient of three BRIT Awards and has topped both the album and singles charts.^[2] In 2003 she showcased the works of Scotland's national poet, Robert Burns.

1 Early career
2 Fairground Attraction
3 Solo career
4 Awards
5 Discography
6 References
7 External links

Early career [link]

Reader was born in Glasgow, the daughter of a welder, and the eldest of seven children^[3] (her brother, Francis, is vocalist with the band The Trash Can Sinatras). She was nicknamed Edna by her parents. Living at first in the district of Anderston, Glasgow, in a tenement slum demolished in 1965, The young Reader family moved to a two-bedroomed flat in the estate of Arden, Glasgow.

In 1976, due to overcrowding the family was re-housed 25 miles from Glasgow, in the council development of Irvine, Ayrshire; however, Eddi returned to Glasgow (where she lived with her grandmother) in order to finish her compulsory schooling.^[4] She began playing the guitar at the age of ten, and started her musical career busking, first in Glasgow's Sauchiehall Street, then in the early 1980s in London and around Europe (where she also worked with circus and performance artists).

Back in Scotland, while finding factory work in Irvine and working part-time in Sirocco Recording Studio in Kilmarnock, she answered an advert in the music press and travelled to London to audition and join the punk band Gang of Four, who needed a backing singer for their appearance on British television music show The Old Grey Whistle Test and for their UK tour. This led to her first US tour with the band. After returning to the UK and leaving the band, she started working as a session vocalist in London, picking up work singing jingles for radio advertisements and singing with such acts as Eurythmics, The Waterboys, Billy MacKenzie and Alison Moyet.^[5]

Fairground Attraction [link]

Main article: Fairground Attraction

In 1984, Reader returned to the UK from Paris, where she had been working as a singer for the composer Vladimir Cosma. Through her contact with the brass section session players The Kick Horns in London, she signed a contract with EMI, and recorded two singles with the disco group Outbar Squeek. Around the same time, she met and asked Mark E. Nevin, a guitarist and songwriter from the band Jane Aire and the Belvederes to write for her and they recorded two songs as The Academy of Fine Popular Music. They subsequently formed Fairground Attraction, together with Simon Edwards (guitarrón — a Mexican acoustic bass guitar) and Roy Dodds (drums & percussion). In 1988 the band signed to RCA/BMG records and released their first single, "Perfect", which became a UK number one, winning best single at the 1989 BRIT Awards. Their first album, The First of a Million Kisses, was also a success, reaching number two in the UK Albums Chart, and winning best album at the 1989 Brits.

This success was short-lived, however. In November 1989, after a break, during which Reader had her first child, Charlie, with her French-Algerian partner Milou, arguments arose within the group, and Nevin abandoned a recording session for the second album, which eventually led to the splitting of the band. A makeshift second album, a collection of B-sides and live tracks, Ay Fond Kiss, was rushed out the following year.

Solo career [link]

Reader returned to Scotland, but before she embarked on her solo career she took a temporary detour into acting. She played Jolene Jowett, a singer and accordionist, in John Byrne's Your Cheatin' Heart,^[2] a comedy-drama series for BBC Television, set in the country music scene in Scotland. Her other acting credits include playing the part of Joy 3 from the Michael Boyd (artistic director of the Royal Shakespeare Company) production of Janice Galloway's The Trick Is to Keep Breathing. This was a BBC Radio 4 production in 1996, Also a Tron Theatre production the same year.

Returning to London, Reader worked on new material with a backing band calling itself The Patron Saints of Imperfection (made up of Roy Dodds, Neill and Calum MacColl, and Phil Steriopoulos). This became her first solo album, recorded for RCA Records: 1992's Mirmama. She met Geoff Travis who signed her to Warner Brothers subsidiary label, Blanco Y Negro, The managing director Rob Dickens executively produced her second solo album Eddi Reader (1994), which won her the "Best female singer" BRIT Award that year,^[2] followed by Candyfloss and Medicine (1996), and Angels & Electricity (1998). She parted from Warner Brothers and continued her work on Geoff Travis' Rough Trade label when she recorded Simple Soul (2001) and Driftwood (2002) - a "homegrown" release of songs recorded during the Simple Soul sessions. During this time, Reader also recorded the song "Ocean Love" for the soundtrack of the animated Danish film Help! I'm a Fish (2001).^{[citation needed]} Reader also contributed vocals to one of Big Country's final singles before Stuart Adamson's death, "Fragile Thing."

Reader continued to tour (England, Scotland, Japan, Australia, Spain, the United States, and Ireland). In 2003, she recorded her album of material by Robert Burns, with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, leading to good reviews and an international resurgence in interest in Scotland's "bard".^[6]^[7]

She spent April 2006 touring Australia with Boo Hewerdine and Alan Kelly, following the release of St Clare's Night Out: Live at The Basement, with Australian acts such as David Hosking invited to open the concerts.

Reader's eighth studio album, Peacetime, was released in 2007 on the Rough Trade record label. Produced by fellow Scottish folk musician, John McCusker, the album features a few Burns composed songs, alongside original material with longtime collaborator Boo Hewerdine and The Trash Can Sinatras' John Douglas.

In spring 2008, Reader was a special guest at the Hotel Cafe Tour hosted by Tom McRae. In 2009, she performed in period-drama Me and Orson Welles,^[8] directed by Richard Linklater and starring Zac Efron, Christian McKay and Claire Danes.^[9] Reader performed re-arranged 1930s standards, with Jools Holland, with whom she had previously collaborated on the single "Waiting Game".

To commemorate the 250th anniversary of Robert Burns' birth, Reader released The Songs of Robert Burns Deluxe Edition in January 2009.^[2] The new release brought together the original Burns album with seven additional songs, two from the original 2003 sessions ("Green Grow the Rashes O", "Of A' the Airts"), three from 2007's Peacetime ("Ye banks and Braes", "Aye Waukin O" and "Leezie Lindsay") the unreleased "Dainty Davie", also from that session, and a brand new recording, "Comin' Thro the Rye/Dram Behind the Curtain". The new album was promoted, like the original release, with two sold-out shows at the annual Celtic Connections festival in Glasgow.

In 2009 Reader released her ninth studio album, Love is the Way, which was self-produced. In a special arrangement with record label Rough Trade she sold an exclusive, pre-released and minimally-packaged version of the disc on her 19-date autumn 2008 UK tour.^[10]

In early 2010, Reader appeared on the Irish language album Ceol '10 Súil Siar, singing an Irish language version of the Fairground Attraction song "Perfect" called "Foirfe". In December she released a live album on her own label and sold exclusively via her online store, Live in Japan. Recorded from the sound desk at her Japan shows in September 2009, it was mastered and mixed by Mark Freegard who had worked on the 2009 album Love is the Way.

Awards [link]

The Robert Burns project saw Reader awarded an MBE for outstanding contributions to the arts in the New Year's honours list of 2006.^[11]

In May 2007 she was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Strathclyde.^[12] Later that year she was recognised for her contributions to music and to the education and encouragement of young musicians with an honorary doctorate and a Doctor of Letters from Glasgow Caledonian University.^[13]

In June 2008 she received another doctorate for her musical work, this time from the University of Stirling.^[14]

Discography [link]

Fairground Attraction [link]

The First of a Million Kisses (1988)
Ay Fond Kiss (1990)
Kawasaki - Live In Japan 02.07.89 (2003)
The Very Best of Fairground Attraction (2004)

Film Soundtracks [link]

Batman Forever: Music from the Motion Picture (1995)
- "Nobody Lives Without Love"^[16]
Bed of Roses (1996)
- "The Right Place"^[17]
Love & Sex (2000)
- "Honeychild"^[18]
My First Mister (2001)
- "Bell, Book and Candle" (1999)^[19]

References [link]

^ Biography page at Eddi Reader.net
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dingwall, John (9 January 2009). "Eddi Reader: I can't wait to pay tribute to Robert Burns". Daily Record (Scotland). http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/showbiz-news/celebrity-interviews/2009/01/09/eddi-reader-i-can-t-wait-to-pay-tribute-to-robert-burns-86908-21026935/. Retrieved 2009-04-25. ^{[dead link]}
^ O'Rourke, Lynn (1 April 2007). "Q & A with Eddi Reader". The Scotsman. http://living.scotsman.com/features/Q--A-with-Eddi.3359115.jp. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
^ "Sings the songs of Robert Burns". 12 May 2003. http://www.eddireader.co.uk/discs/eddi_burns.pdf. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
^ Eddi Reader at NME
^ Hodgkinson, Will (16 May 2003). "Life performers". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2003/may/16/artsfeatures.robertburns. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
^ White, Bill (3 February 2004). "'Songs of Robert Burns' a magnificent gift from the heart of Scotland". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. http://www.seattlepi.com/pop/159017_hotcd03.html. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
^ "Filmography by year for Eddi Reader". IMDb.com. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 18 February 2012.
^ MySpace
^ MySpace
^ Queen honours star-studded Scots
^ University of Strathclyde
^ "Nicola’s degree of success". Evening Times. 28 November 2007. http://www.eveningtimes.co.uk/news/display.var.1864203.0.nicolas_degree_of_success.php. Retrieved 2009-04-25.
^ University of Stirling: Dr Eddi Reader MBE
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 452. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
^ "Soundtracks for Batman Forever (1995)". IMDb.com. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 18 February 2012.
^ "Soundtracks for Bed of Roses (1996)". IMDb.com. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 18 February 2012.
^ "Soundtracks for Love & Sex (2000)". IMDb.com. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 18 February 2012.
^ "Soundtracks for My First Mister (2001)". IMDb.com. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 18 February 2012.

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Name	Reader, Eddi
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Date of birth	29 August 1959
Place of birth
Date of death
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Lothian under the control of the Anglo Saxons [link]

Lothian Regional Council (1975–1996)[link]

Language [link]

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Contents

Early career [link]

Fairground Attraction [link]

Solo career [link]

Awards [link]

Discography [link]

Albums [link]

Live albums [link]

Fairground Attraction [link]

Film Soundtracks [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

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