It has been suggested that Turret clock be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since April 2011.

The Clock Tower, Westminster, London

A clock tower is a tower specifically built with one or more (often four) clock faces. Clock towers can be either freestanding or part of a church or municipal building such as a town hall.

The mechanism inside the tower is known as a turret clock. It often marks the hour (and sometimes segments of an hour) by sounding large bells or chimes, sometimes playing simple musical phrases or tunes.

Landmarks[link]

Kremlin Clock on the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin.

Some clocks towers are famously known landmarks. Five of the best-known are the Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster, which houses the Great Bell (generally known as Big Ben) in London, the Rajabai Tower in Mumbai, the Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin, the Torre dell'Orologio in the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Italy, and Zytglogge clock tower in the Old city of Bern, Switzerland.^[1] The Royal Mecca Clock Tower in Saudi Arabia is the largest clock tower in the world.^[2]

On New Year's Eve 2004 four 6.3-meter clock faces were added to the top of the Warsaw Palace of Culture and Science building in Warsaw, Poland. This building is 231 m (757 ft) tall and is the second tallest clock tower in the world .^[3] The NTT DoCoMo Yoyogi Building is 240 meters (787 feet) high and is the tallest clock tower in the world. The Allen-Bradley Clock Tower is the tallest non-chiming four faced clock tower in the world.

History[link]

Tower of the Winds in Athens

The famous clock tower of Zytglogge, Bern, Switzerland

Although clock towers are today mostly admired for their aesthetics, they once served an important purpose. Before the middle of the twentieth century, most people did not have watches, and prior to the 18th century even home clocks were rare. The first clocks didn't have faces, but were solely striking clocks, which sounded bells to call the surrounding community to work or to prayer. They were therefore placed in towers so the bells would be audible for a long distance. Clock towers were placed near the centres of towns and were often the tallest structures there. As clock towers became more common, the designers realized that a dial on the outside of the tower would allow the townspeople to read the time whenever they wanted.

The use of clock towers dates back to the antiquity. The earliest clock tower was the Tower of the Winds in Athens which featured eight sundials. In its interior, there was also a water clock (or clepsydra), driven by water coming down from the Acropolis.^[4] In Song China, an astronomical clock tower was designed by Su Song and erected at Kaifeng in 1088, featuring a liquid escapement mechanism. In England, a clock was put up in a clock tower, the medieval precursor to Big Ben, at Westminster, in 1288;^[5][6] and in 1292 a clock was put up in Canterbury Cathedral.^[5] The oldest surviving clock tower in Europe is the Salisbury cathedral clock, completed in 1306; and another clock put up at St. Albans, in 1326, 'showed various astronomical phenomena'.^[5]

JB Joyce & Co claims to be the world's oldest tower clock maker (still in operation).^[7] The company began life in 1690 and still manufactures clocks not far from its original premises in Whitchurch, Shropshire. Today it is a part of the Smith of Derby Group started in 1856, who hold the Guinness world record for creating the world's largest pendulum-regulated clock,^[8] the Harmony Clock Tower in Ganzhou. The company has manufactured tower clocks for St Paul's Cathedral in London and the Shanghai Customs building in China.

Line (mains) synchronous tower clocks were introduced in the United States in the 1920s by Telechron, now Electric Time Company of Medfield, Massachusetts. Electric Time Company is now the largest tower clock manufacturer in the world.

List of Tower Clock Makers[link]

• E. Howard & Co., Boston, Massachusetts
• E. Dent & Co., Ltd., London, United Kingdom
• Electric Time Company (formerly Telechron), Medfield, Massachusetts
• JB Joyce & Co, Whitchurch, Shropshire, United Kingdom
• Nels Johnson (Century Tower Clocks), Manistee, Michigan
• Seth Thomas Clock Company, Thomaston, Connecticut
• Smith of Derby Group, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
• Erben Kontrol Sistemleri A.S., Istanbul, Turkey
• Yantai Xinghe Clock & Co. Ltd, Yantai, Shandong, China

List of Clock towers[link]

Africa[link]

[edit] Egypt

• Cairo University Clock, Cairo, Egypt

[edit] Nigeria

• University of Ibadan Clock tower, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Americas[link]

[edit] Argentina

• Torre Ader, Buenos Aires
• Torre Monumental, Buenos Aires

[edit] Aruba

Willem III Tower at Fort Zoutman, Oranjestad, Aruba.

• Willem III Tower at Fort Zoutman, Oranjestad

[edit] Barbados

• Parliament of Barbados, Bridgetown

[edit] Brazil

• Central do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro
• Júlio Prestes Station, São Paulo
• Luz Station, São Paulo

[edit] Canada

Montreal Clock Tower, Quebec.

• Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario
• Hamilton City Hall, Ontario
• St. Paul's Cathedral (London, Ontario)
• Old City Hall (Toronto), Toronto, Ontario
• Central Post Office (Ottawa), Ontario
• Peace Tower, Parliament Hill Ottawa, Ontario
• Queen's Quay Terminal, Toronto, Ontario
• Kerr Hall, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario
• Ridley College, St. Catharines, Ontario
• Upper Canada College, Toronto, Ontario
• Hart House (University of Toronto), Soldiers' Tower (University of Toronto), Toronto, Ontario
• Queen Street Viaduct, Toronto, Ontario
• Cathedral Church of St. James, Toronto, Ontario
• St. Lawrence Hall, Toronto, Ontario
• Press Building, Exhibition Place, Toronto, Ontario
• Fire Hall and Police Station, Exhibition Place, Toronto, Ontario
• Summerhill-North Toronto CPR Station, Toronto, Ontario
• Mississauga City Hall in Mississauga, Ontario
• Gare du Palais, Quebec City, Quebec
• Montreal Clock Tower, Quebec
• Vancouver City Hall, Vancouver, British Columbia
• Place d'Armes Clock Tower, Montreal, Quebec
• Edmonton City Hall, Edmonton, Alberta
• Toronto Fire Services Station 227, Toronto, Ontario
• former Toronto Fire Department Hose Station # 8, Toronto, Ontario
• Memorial Clock Tower (Cenotaph), Wainwright, Alberta

[edit] Mexico

• Reloj Monumental, Pachuca, Hidalgo

[edit] Peru

• Tower of the University of Saint Mark, Lima

[edit] United States

Clock tower of Chicago's Wrigley Building from Trump International Hotel and Tower.

Asia[link]

[edit] Hong Kong

Hong Kong Clock Tower.

Main Building of the University of Santo Tomas, Manila

• The Clock Tower at Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong was part of the former Kowloon Station
• The old Star Ferry pier in Central, Hong Kong

[edit] India

Central Clock Tower with entirely different architecture located in the busiest commercial center of Erode.

• Ram Narain Periwal Clock Tower, Fazilka, Punjab
• Clock Tower, Chaura Bazaar, Ludhiana, Punjab
• Rajabai Tower, South Mumbai
• Secunderabad Clock Tower, Hyderabad
• Central Clock Tower, Erode
• Ghanta Ghar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand
• BITS-Pilani Clock Tower, Pilani
• Husainabad Ghanta Ghar, Husainabad, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
• Ghanta Ghar, Subzi Mandi, Delhi
• Hari Nagar Ghanta Ghar, Near Hari Nagar, Delhi
• RECT Clock Tower, Tiruchirapalli

[edit] Indonesia

Jam Gadang, Bukittinggi, Indonesia

• Jam Gadang, Bukittinggi

[edit] Israel

The Jaffa Clock Tower, Israel

• Jaffa Clock Tower, Tel Aviv
• Khan al-Umdan, Acre

[edit] Lebanon

• American University of Beirut's College Hall Clock, Beirut
• Abd Clock Tower on Nejme Square, Beirut
• Hamidiyyeh Clock Tower, Beirut
• Al-Tell Clock Tower, Tripoli
• Our Lady of Salvation Clock Tower, Zahlé

[edit] Malaysia

• Malay College Kuala Kangsar Clock Tower, Perak
• Sultan Abdul Samad Building, Kuala Lumpur
• Tan Beng Swee Clock Tower, Stadhuys Square, Malacca
• Jubilee Clock Tower, Penang
• Birch Memorial Tower, Ipoh, Perak
• Malayan Railway Building, Penang
• Teluk Intan Leaning Tower, Teluk Intan, Perak
• Atkinson Clock Tower, Kota Kinabalu

[edit] Pakistan

Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall, Singapore.

• Merewether Memorial Tower, Karachi
• Clock Tower, Faisalabad
• Clock Tower, Sialkot
• Clock Tower, Multan
• Clock Tower, Hyderabad

[edit] Philippines

• Manila City Hall Clock Tower, Manila
• Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene Clock Tower, Quiapo, Manila
• University of Santo Tomas Main Building, Sampaloc, Manila

[edit] Singapore

• Clock Tower Building of The Chinese High School, a national monument of Singapore
• Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall

[edit] Sri Lanka

• Old Colombo Lighthouse
• Khan Clock Tower
• Koch Memorial Clock Tower

[edit] Myanmar

• High Court (Burma)

[edit] Saudi Arabia

• Royal Mecca Clock Tower

[edit] United Arab Emirates

• Deira Clocktower in Deira, Dubai

Europe[link]

On New Year's Eve 2004 four 6.3-metre clock faces were added to the top of the Warsaw Palace of Culture and Science building in Warsaw, Poland. This building is 231 m (757 ft) tall and is the second tallest clock tower in the world .^[3]

[edit] Albania

• Clock Tower of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
• Elbasan
• Gjirokastër
• Kavajë
• Peqin

[edit] Austria

• Graz Clock Tower, Graz

[edit] Denmark

• Dipylon Clock Tower in the Carlsberg District, Copenhagen, Denmark

[edit] Greece

• Clock Tower of Saint Nicolas church, Kozani, Greece

[edit] Finland

• Central railway station, Helsinki, Finland

[edit] France

• Metz railway station, Metz, France

[edit] Germany

• Replica of the traffic tower of 1924 on Potsdamer Platz, Berlin

[edit] Poland

• Warsaw Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw, Poland

[edit] Romania

• Sibiu Evangelical Cathedral, Sibiu, Romania
• Sighişoara Clock Tower, Sighişoara

[edit] Russia

• Spasskaya Tower, Moscow

[edit] Serbia

The Clock Gate or Sahat Kula (Сахат кула) (clock tower) at the fortress wall of the Belgrade Fortress, Belgrade, Serbia.

• Clock Gate, Kalemegdan, Belgrade

[edit] Slovakia

• Michael's Gate, Bratislava

[edit] Switzerland

• Einsiedeln Abbey, Switzerland

[edit] Turkey

• Büyük Saat, Adana
• Dolmabahçe Clock Tower, Istanbul
• Etfal Hospital Clock Tower, Istanbul
• İzmir Clock Tower, İzmir
• İzmit Clock Tower, İzmit
• Nusretiye Clock Tower, Istanbul
• Yıldız Clock Tower, Istanbul

[edit] United Kingdom

• Clock Tower, Palace of Westminster, London, England (Big Ben is the name of the bell inside)
• Joseph Chamberlain Memorial Clock Tower, The University of Birmingham, England
• Trent Building, The University of Nottingham, England
• Council House, Nottingham, England
• Parkinson Building, The University of Leeds, England
• Haymarket Memorial Clock Tower, Leicester, England
• City Hall, Cardiff, Wales
• Liver Building, Liverpool, England
• Victoria Tower, Liverpool, England
• Clock Tower, Clevedon, England
• Clock tower, Redcar, Cleveland, England
• Bank Hall Clock Tower, Bretherton, Lancashire, England
• Jubilee clock, Weymouth, Dorset, England
• North British Hotel, Edinburgh, Scotland
• St. Pancras railway station, London, England
• King's Cross railway station, London, England

Oceania[link]

[edit] Australia

• Brisbane City Hall, Brisbane
• Central Railway Station, Sydney
• Sydney Town Hall, Sydney

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Clock towers

• Bell tower
• Campanile
• Minaret
• Su Song (engineer who built a clock tower in Song Dynasty capital of Kaifeng)
• Thirteenth stroke of the clock

References[link]

External links[link]

• Towerclocks.org - Tower clocks database

Frank "Bull" McCaffrey was a player and, later, head coach for the Fordham Rams football team.^[1] McCaffrey split head coaching duties with Frank Gargan for just one season (1917) and compiled a record of 7–2–0.^[1]

McCaffrey was also a graduate of Fordham in 1911.^[2] A 5'11", 165-pound running back, he earned the nickname "Bull" for his powerful running style.^[2] He was Fordham's first-ever All-America selection when in 1909, his junior season, when Walter Camp chose him as one of the premier college football players.^[2] Fordham discontinued football before McCaffrey's senior season in 1910, so Princeton University offered him a football scholarship. Frank McCaffrey did not accept the scholarship because his mother thought that football was too rough and she did not want to see him get hurt (which had been a concern of hers while McCaffrey played for the Rams).^[2]

McCaffrey became a dentist and oral surgeon after studying at the New York University College of Dentistry.^[2]

Head coaching record[link]

References[link]

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