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These scientists generally work as researchers within a college, university, government agency, or private industry setting.
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Name | Oliver Sacks |
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Caption | Sacks at the 2009 Brooklyn Book Festival. |
Birth date | July 09, 1933 |
Birth place | London, England |
Profession | Physician |
Specialism | Neurology |
Known for | Popular books containing case studies of some of his patients |
Years active | 1966 – present |
Sacks is the author of several bestselling books, including several collections of case studies of people with neurological disorders. His 1973 book Awakenings was adapted into an Academy Award-nominated film of the same name in 1990 starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro. He, and his book Musicophilia: Tales of Music and the Brain, were also the subject of "Musical Minds", an episode of the PBS series Nova.
When Sacks was six years old, he and his brother Michael were evacuated from London to escape The Blitz, retreating to a boarding school in the Midlands, where he remained until 1943. He also learned to share his parents' enthusiasm for medicine and entered The Queen's College, Oxford University in 1951, At the same institution, in 1958 he went on to incept as a Master of Arts (MA) and earn an BM BCh, thereby qualifying to practice medicine. He did residencies and fellowship work at Mt. Zion Hospital in San Francisco and at UCLA.
Sacks began consulting at chronic care facility Beth Abraham Hospital (now Beth Abraham Health Services) in 1966. At Beth Abraham, Sacks worked with a group of survivors of the 1920s sleeping sickness, encephalitis lethargica, who had been unable to move on their own for decades. In 2000, IMNF honored Sacks with its first Music Has Power Award. The IMNF again bestowed a Music Has Power Award on Sacks in 2006 to commemorate "his 40 years at Beth Abraham and honor his outstanding contributions in support of music therapy and the effect of music on the human brain and mind".
Sacks remains a consultant neurologist to the Little Sisters of the Poor, and maintains a practice in New York City. He serves on the boards of the The Neurosciences Institute and the New York Botanical Garden.
Sacks's work has been featured in a "broader range of media than those of any other contemporary medical author" and in 1990, The New York Times said he "has become a kind of poet laureate of contemporary medicine". His descriptions of people coping with and adapting to neurological conditions or injuries often illuminate the ways in which the normal brain deals with perception, memory and individuality.
Sacks considers that his literary style grows out of the tradition of 19th-century "clinical anecdotes," a literary style that included detailed narrative case histories. He also counts among his inspirations the case histories of the Russian neuropsychologist A. R. Luria.
Sacks describes his cases with a wealth of narrative detail, concentrating on the experiences of the patient (in the case of his A Leg to Stand On, the patient was himself). The patients he describes are often able to adapt to their situation in different ways despite the fact that their neurological conditions are usually considered incurable. His most famous book, Awakenings, upon which the 1990 feature film of the same name is based, describes his experiences using the new drug L-Dopa on Beth Abraham post-encephalitic patients.
Sacks has sometimes faced criticism in the medical and disability studies communities. During the 1970s and 1980s, his book and articles on the "Awakenings" patients were criticized or ignored by much of the medical establishment, on the grounds that his work was not based on the quantitative, double-blind study model. His account of abilities of autistic savants has been questioned by the researcher Makoto Yamaguchi, and Daniel Tammet shared this view. According to Yamaguchi, Sacks' mathematical explanations are also irrelevant. Arthur K. Shapiro—described as "the father of modern tic disorder research"—referring to Sacks' celebrity status and that his literary publications received greater publicity than Shapiro's medical publications, said he is "a much better writer than he is a clinician". Howard Kushner's A Cursing Brain? : The Histories of Tourette Syndrome, says Shapiro "contrasted his own careful clinical work with Sacks's idiosyncratic and anecdotal approach to a clinical investigation".
More sustained has been the critique of his political and ethical positions. Although many characterize Sacks as a "compassionate" writer and doctor, others feel he exploits his subjects. Sacks was called "the man who mistook his patients for a literary career" by British academic and disability-rights activist Tom Shakespeare, and one critic called his work "a high-brow freak show". Such criticism was echoed by a Sacks-like caricature played by Bill Murray in the film The Royal Tenenbaums. Sacks himself has stated "I would hope that a reading of what I write shows respect and appreciation, not any wish to expose or exhibit for the thrill," he sighs, "but it's a delicate business."
Sacks has been awarded honorary doctorates from the College of Staten Island (1991), New York Medical College (1991), Medical College of Pennsylvania (1992), Queen's University (Ontario) (2001), Gallaudet University (2005), University of Oxford (2005), Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (2006), and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (2008).
Oxford University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree in June 2005.
He was given the position "Columbia Artist" by Columbia University in 2007. This position was created for him specifically, and gives the university as a whole unconstrained access to him, regardless of department or discipline.
Sacks was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 Queen's Birthday Honours.
Asteroid 84928 Oliversacks, discovered in 2003 and in diameter, was named in his honor.
Category:1933 births Category:Living people Category:English Jews Category:People from City Island, Bronx Category:People from London Category:Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford Category:British neurologists Category:British neuroscientists Category:English expatriates in the United States Category:Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters Category:Columbia University faculty Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:People with prosopagnosia
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Name | Jane Jensen |
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Birth name | Jane Elizabeth Smith |
Birth date | January 28, 1963 |
Birth place | Palmerton, Pennsylvania |
Residence | Seattle, Washington |
Occupation | Game designer, writer |
Known for | Gabriel Knight |
Spouse | Robert Holmes |
Jane Jensen (b. 28 January 1963 in Palmerton, Pennsylvania) is the game designer of the popular and critically-acclaimed Gabriel Knight adventure games and author of the novels Judgement Day and Dante's Equation.
Jane Jensen was born Jane Elizabeth Smith, the youngest of seven children. She received a BA in Computer Science from Anderson University in Indiana and worked as a systems programmer for Hewlett-Packard. Her love of both computers and creative writing eventually led her to the computer gaming industry and Sierra Online where she worked as a writer on and EcoQuest: The Search for Cetus. After co-designing with veteran game designer Roberta Williams, Jensen designed her first solo game: , which was released in 1993. The dark, supernatural mystery was a departure for Sierra but the game was enthusiastically received, with the strength of Jensen's writing, along with the game's horror and gothic sensibilities coming in for particular praise from the gaming press and earning the title Computer Gaming World's "Adventure Game of the Year" title.
Jensen followed up Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Fathers with two sequels: in 1995 and in 1999. Somewhat unusually for an adventure game series, each Gabriel Knight title was produced in an entirely different format to the others. Whereas the original was a traditional 2D animated game, the sequels were realised through full motion video and a custom built 3D engine, respectively. Despite further acclaim for Jensen's design in both cases (The Beast Within was Computer Gaming World's "Game of the Year"
In 1996, Jensen published a novelization of the first Gabriel Knight game. A second Gabriel Knight novelization followed in 1998. In 1999, Jensen published her first non-adapted novel, Millennium Rising (later retitled Judgment Day). Her fourth book, Dante's Equation was published in 2003. Dante's Equation was nominated for the Philip K. Dick Award.
Jensen has been involved in designing casual online games at Oberon Media, notably some mystery/puzzle games called Inspector Parker (2003) and BeTrapped! (2004), a game that intended to mix traditional adventure elements into the milieu of the casual game.
Jensen's most recent project, a mystery adventure game called Gray Matter, was published by dtp entertainment in 2010. On April 2, 2008 the game, originally intended to be developed by Hungarian software house Tonuzaba, switched to another developer, French company Wizarbox: as a result, the tentative release was changed and shifted to 2010.
Jane Jensen lives in Seattle with her second husband, composer Robert Holmes, who composed the music for the Gabriel Knight series.
Category:1963 births Category:American science fiction writers Category:American video game designers Category:Anderson University (Indiana) alumni Category:Living people Category:People from Seattle, Washington
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Name | Miguel Angelo Laporta Nicolelis |
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Birth place | São Paulo, Brazil |
Citizenship | Brazilian |
Nationality | Brazilian |
Fields | Neuroscientist |
Doctoral students | |
Author abbrev bot | |
Author abbrev zoo |
Miguel Angelo Laporta Nicolelis, MD, PhD, is a Brazilian physician and scientist, best known for his pioneering work in "reading monkey thought". He and his colleagues implanted electrode arrays into a monkey's brain that were able to detect the monkey's motor intent and thus able to control reaching and grasping movements performed by a robotic arm. This was possible by decoding signals of hundreds of neurons recorded in volitional areas of the cerebral cortex while the monkey played with a hand-held joystick to move a shape in a video game. These signals were sent to the robot arm, which then mimicked the monkey's movements and thus controlled the game. After a while the monkey realised that thinking about moving the shape was enough and it no longer needed to move the joystick. So it let go of the joystick and controlled the game purely through thought. A system in which brain signals directly control an artificial actuator is commonly referred to as brain-machine interface or brain-computer interface.
On January 15, 2008, Dr. Nicolelis's lab saw a monkey implanted with a new BCI successfully control a robot walking on a treadmill in Kyoto, Japan. The monkey could see the robot, named CB, on a screen in front of him, and was rewarded for walking in sync with the robot (which was under the control of the monkey). After an hour the monkey's treadmill was turned off, but he was able to continue to direct the robot to walk normally for another few minutes, indicating that a part of the brain not sufficient to induce a motor response in the monkey had become dedicated to controlling the robot, as if it were an extension of itself.
Nicolelis also played a fundamental role in the foundation of the International Institute for Neuroscience of Natal, an important research facility in Brazil.
On January 5, 2011, Dr. Nicolelis was appointed by the pope Benedict XVI ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences.
Category:1961 births Category:Living people Category:Brazilian neuroscientists Category:Brazilian people of Italian descent Category:Brazilian people of Greek descent Category:Brain-computer interfacing Category:University of São Paulo alumni Category:Duke University faculty
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Name | Mayim Bialik |
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Caption | Bialik at the rehearsal for the 1989 Academy Awards |
Birth name | Mayim Hoya Bialik |
Birth date | December 12, 1975 |
Birth place | San Diego, California, U.S. |
Occupation | Actress |
Spouse | Michael Stone (2003-Present) 2 Children |
Years active | 1986–present |
Mayim Hoya Bialik (born December 12, 1975) is an American actress and neuroscientist. She is best known for her lead role as Blossom Russo in the early-1990s NBC sitcom Blossom.
In 1990, Bialik was tied to two television pilots, Fox's Molloy and NBC's Blossom. Molloy at first produced six episodes for a tryout run, followed by the shooting of the pilot special for Blossom. The latter actually aired two weeks before Bialik's Fox series, and ultimately garnered higher ratings than it. When Molloy folded after its six episodes, Blossom was pursued as a regular series. The actress' greatest success to date came in 1991 when Blossom joined NBC's Monday night lineup following The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. Both shows enjoyed popularity, especially among younger viewers, for the first couple of years of their respective runs. Blossom aired until 1995.
Between 1995 and 2005, Bialik mostly did voice work for cartoons, such as The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest, and Recess.
She appeared in the feature film Kalamazoo? released in late 2005. She appeared in three episodes of the HBO comedy series Curb Your Enthusiasm as Jodi Funkhouser, the lesbian daughter of a friend of Larry David. Bialik also made guest appearances as a fictionalized version of herself in the series Fat Actress. Bialik had a guest appearance as a Hasidic Jew in an episode of Saving Grace. She has a recurring role as the high school guidance counselor in ABC Family's The Secret Life of the American Teenager. She also had an appearance on the Fox TV show 'Til Death in which she has a reunion of sorts with two of her Blossom costars- Jenna von Oÿ – who played Blossom’s quirky best-friend Six – and Michael Stoyanov – who played Blossom’s older brother Anthony. She has optioned the Rashi's Daughters books.
It was announced on July 14, 2010, that Bialik will be writing her first book, to be called Intuitive Parenting. Also in 2010 she joined the cast of The Big Bang Theory as Amy Farrah Fowler. Her first appearance was in the finale of the third season of the show, where she was cast as a potential girlfriend for the character Sheldon Cooper, played by Jim Parsons. In the fourth season of the show, she started out as a recurring character playing Sheldon's "friend that's a girl, but not a girlfriend". Beginning with episode 8 of the 4th season, she became part of the main cast.
She took a break from studies in 2005 to return to acting. Bialik completed her PhD in 2008, but is not pursuing an academic career in the near future; her dissertation was an investigation of Prader-Willi syndrome.
She married Michael Stone on August 31, 2003, in a Victorian-themed ceremony with traditional Jewish customs. They have two sons together; Miles Roosevelt Bialik Stone was born on October 10, 2005, and Frederick Heschel Bialik Stone was born on August 15, 2008. She is a celebrity spokesperson for the Holistic Moms Network.
Hayim Nahman Bialik, Israel's national poet, was Mayim Bialik's great-great-grandfather's uncle. She also has a very low Erdős–Bacon number of 7.
{|class="wikitable" border="2" cellpadding="4" background: #f9f9f9; |- align="center" ! colspan=4 style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Television - voice |- align="center" ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Year ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Film ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Role ! style="background: #CCCCCC;" | Notes |- | 1992 || The Kingdom Chums: Original Top Ten || Petey || |- | 1995, 1996 || The Adventures of Hyperman || Brittany Bright || Episodes: #1.1 and "Oceans a Leavin'" |- | rowspan=2|1996 || rowspan=2|The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest || Lucy || Episode: "The Alchemist" |- | Julia/French Woman || Episode: "Assault on Questworld: |- | 1996, 1999 || Hey Arnold! || Maria || Episodes: "6th Grade Girls/The Baseball", "Dinner for Four/Phoebe Skips" |- | rowspan=2|1997 || Johnny Bravo || Tour Guide || Episode: "Going Batty/Berry the Butler/Red Faced in the White House" |- | Extreme Ghostbusters || Girl in Future || Episode: "Ghost Apocalyptic Future" |- | 1997, 1998, 2000 || Recess || Kirsten Kurst || Episodes: "The Break-In", "The Girl Was Trouble", "The Ratings Game" |- | 2003 || || Bush Pilot, May Deuce || video game |- | 2003, 2004 || Kim Possible || Justine Flanner || Episodes: "The Secret Files", "Partners" |- | 2005 || Katbot || Paula || never aired |- |}
Category:1975 births Category:American child actors Category:American child singers Category:American female singers Category:American film actors Category:American Jews Category:American television actors Category:American vegans Category:American voice actors Category:Jewish actors Category:Jewish American musicians Category:Living people Category:People from San Diego, California Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.