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England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
http://wn.com/England
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin ( April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author and printer, satirist, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat. As a scientist, he was a major figure in the American Enlightenment and the history of physics for his discoveries and theories regarding electricity. He invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, a carriage odometer, and the glass 'armonica'. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania.
http://wn.com/Benjamin_Franklin -
Color theory
In the visual arts, color theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual impacts of specific color combinations. Although color theory principles first appear in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of "colory theory" begins in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy around Isaac Newton's theory of color (Opticks, 1704) and the nature of so-called primary colors. From there it developed as an independent artistic tradition with only superficial reference to colorimetry and vision science.
http://wn.com/Color_theory -
F. J. Duarte
F. J. Duarte is a laser physicist and author/editor of several well-known books on tunable lasers. He introduced the generalized multiple-prism dispersion theory and has discovered various multiple-prism grating oscillator laser configurations. These configurations include the multiple-prism near-grazing-incidence grating cavities originally disclosed as copper-laser-pumped narrow-linewidth tunable lasers. Duarte's contributions have found applications in a variety of fields including:
http://wn.com/F_J_Duarte -
Isaac Newton
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Stephen Hales
Stephen Hales, FRS (17 September 1677 – 4 January 1761) was an English physiologist, chemist and inventor. Hales studied the role of air and water in the maintenance of both plant and animal life. He gave accurate accounts of the movements of water in plants, and demonstrated that plants absorb air. Hales discovered the dangers of breathing stale air, and invented a ventilator which improved survival rates when employed on ships, in hospitals and in prisons. Hales is also credited with important work in pneumatic chemistry, especially the development of the pneumatic trough, used for collecting gases generated in laboratory experiments.
http://wn.com/Stephen_Hales
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Silje Nes - Opticks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
All rights reserved for the producers of this track. All the tunes that I upload are for promotional use only. Artist: Silje Nes; Album: Opticks; Song Title: The Glass Harp; Track No: 1; Release Date: 2010; Label: FatCat
http://wn.com/Silje_Nes_Opticks
Opticks — Mike Edward Moras (e-sushi™)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
"Opticks" is a music single by me — Mike Edward Moras (e-sushi™). The music single has been released to the public in 2011 for personal, non-commercial entertainment. Enjoy and spread the word that my music can be downloaded for free at my website: www.e-sushi.net
http://wn.com/Opticks_—_Mike_Edward_Moras_e-sushi™
Gunnar Opticks MLG Phantom Onyx - Unboxing!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:03
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Please like, comment, and subscribe if you haven't already. It helps my channel tremendously! - EngageTutorials Hey guys! Welcome to my unboxing of the Gunnar Opticks MLG Phantom Onyx. I really do love these glasses and they help tremendously on eye strain. Follow Me on Twitter - www.Twitter.com LIKE My Facebook Page - www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Gunnar_Opticks_MLG_Phantom_Onyx_Unboxing!
Summary of the live OPTICKS Moon Bounce event on April 28
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Updated: 23 May 2012
Summary of the live OPTICKS Moon bounce event as part of STARPARTY!!! in collaboration with CAMRAS (CA Muller Radio Astronomie Station) in Dwingeloo, (The Netherlands) and HAM Polish TEAM and with the participation of people from all over the World. Author of the OPTICKS project and visual artist IT/NL: Artist Daniela de Paulis. Main collaborator of the OPTICKS project: Jan van Muijlwijk (PA3FXB) CAMRAS. Others people working in OPTICKS: Howard Ling (radio amateur, UK) Lech Mankiewicz ( EU-HOU,PL) Krystian Górski, Armand Budzianowski (radio amateurs, PL) EME group in Kłodzko: Andrzej Matuszny, Jerzy Masłowski, Paweł Matuszny (HAM's - radio amateur, PL) Marty Quinn (sound designer, USA) www.drsrl.com Fabio Santesarti (sound engineer, IT) Ard Hartsuijker (CAMRAS public relations, NL, www.camras.nl) Bruce Halász (radio amateur, Brazil) Daniel Gautschi (radio amateur, CH) -- Pictures during this event has been send from Kłodzko's Valley (Kotlina Kłodzka) in Poland. The Polish HAM team: Andrzej SP6JLW, Jerzy SP6OPN, Paweł SQ6OPG, Armand SP3QFE, Krystian SQ2KL, Dionizy SP6IEQ.
http://wn.com/Summary_of_the_live_OPTICKS_Moon_Bounce_event_on_April_28
opticks opening visioncare
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:59
- Updated: 22 Sep 2010
opticks opening visioncare
http://wn.com/opticks_opening_visioncare
Gunnar Opticks MLG Phantom Unboxing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:54
- Updated: 26 Mar 2012
so i ordered these glasses to help prevent eye strain and head aches. this is just an nboxing of them and what i thought at first glance. this is my first video like this so be gentle (thats what she said)
http://wn.com/Gunnar_Opticks_MLG_Phantom_Unboxing
Systems Engineering Solutions Web Opticks- Geode
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
Ball Aerospace's Systems Engineering Solutions (SES) group demonstrates its Web Opticks program processing WorldView-2 images. (No Sound)
http://wn.com/Systems_Engineering_Solutions_Web_Opticks_Geode
Gunnar Opticks Unboxing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:12
- Updated: 21 Sep 2012
Gunnar Opticks unboxing i hope you guys enjoyed dont forget to like comment favorite and subscribe it really help our channel out so the gunnar opticks is gloss onxy for the colors and if your intrested in their products here is their website www.gunnars.com Also play like a pro with Scuf Gaming Controllers scufgaming.com
http://wn.com/Gunnar_Opticks_Unboxing
3ma optick test 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Updated: 28 Apr 2012
Speedlimiter optick taken outside the speedo. With tyrep between optick 12.125rpm With nothing between opticks 12.500rpm (limeted by stock exhausts) Rev counter will be over-read by about 1250rpm 12.000rpm is 10.750rpm
http://wn.com/3ma_optick_test_2
Suso33 dibuja Opticks Magazine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 11 Jun 2012
Suso33 dibuja la nueva etapa de nuestra revista Opticks Magazine.
http://wn.com/Suso33_dibuja_Opticks_Magazine
'Opticks XII - Excavation 1939-45' by Liz Wendelbo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Updated: 01 Oct 2011
'Opticks XII - Excavation 1939-45', 16mm Color Film by Liz Wendelbo, Soundtrack by Sean McBride, Editing Taylor Thompson, © 2009 Liz Wendelbo
http://wn.com/'Opticks_XII_Excavation_1939-45'_by_Liz_Wendelbo
Chronographs 'Opticks' at The Lounge Bar, Alton: UK Tech-Metal Fest 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:20
- Updated: 05 Aug 2012
A song from their set at the festival. For more info on the band please visit: www.facebook.com The venue is: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Chronographs_'Opticks'_at_The_Lounge_Bar,_Alton_UK_Tech-Metal_Fest_2012
K100 - Opticks (Clip)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Updated: 22 Aug 2012
www.facebook.com This is a song that is going to be coming out on DLA Black Records. If you like my music please head over to my facebook and hit the like button, I give out free tunes after every 100 likes that I get. THANK YOU! :)
http://wn.com/K100_Opticks_Clip
Principles of General Opticks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 25 May 2010
The eye deconstructed, painlessly and without surgery.
http://wn.com/Principles_of_General_Opticks
'Opticks V - Rituals' by Liz Wendelbo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Updated: 11 May 2012
'Opticks V - Rituals', 16mm Color Film by Liz Wendelbo, Soundtrack by Sean McBride, Editing Taylor Thompson, © 2009 Liz Wendelbo
http://wn.com/'Opticks_V_Rituals'_by_Liz_Wendelbo
'Opticks III - Maxwell Tartan Ribbon' by Liz Wendelbo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 01 Oct 2011
'Opticks III - Maxwell Tartan Ribbon', 16mm Color Film by Liz Wendelbo, Soundtrack by Sean McBride, Editing Taylor Thompson, © 2009 Liz Wendelbo
http://wn.com/'Opticks_III_Maxwell_Tartan_Ribbon'_by_Liz_Wendelbo
Lonely Bullet vs MiIotic and ITS OpTicKs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Updated: 25 Jul 2010
Get Raped MiIotic Likes To Run His Mouth All Day.....GET RAPED PUSSY....GG opticks
http://wn.com/Lonely_Bullet_vs_MiIotic_and_ITS_OpTicKs
'Opticks XIII - Excavation 1939-45' by Liz Wendelbo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Updated: 01 Oct 2011
'Opticks XIII - Excavation 1939-45', 16mm Color Film by Liz Wendelbo, Soundtrack by Sean McBride, Editing Taylor Thompson, © 2009 Liz Wendelbo
http://wn.com/'Opticks_XIII_Excavation_1939-45'_by_Liz_Wendelbo
BeAsTLy Ya DiGG and I VaRiX I VS iViecca iVian and MoNsTeR OpTicKs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Updated: 13 Oct 2012
Lol varix made me recorddd. this was my first and only game of the day [=
http://wn.com/BeAsTLy_Ya_DiGG_and_I_VaRiX_I_VS_iViecca_iVian_and_MoNsTeR_OpTicKs
Gunnar Opticks PPK UNBOXING!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:55
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
Gunnar Opticks PPK Unboxing! please check them out if you want a pair of glasses when you game, check them out here: www.gunnars.com
http://wn.com/Gunnar_Opticks_PPK_UNBOXING!
ReX&opticks;&milkbone; - Senshi| Dsirez| opticks Vs 3D - Jaayz | DeadLyZ| Shogunz
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Updated: 27 Jun 2011
5-3 GG !
http://wn.com/ReX&opticks;&milkbone;_Senshi|_Dsirez|_opticks_Vs_3D_Jaayz_|_DeadLyZ|_Shogunz
Fornax & Content (FNC) - Opticks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 20 Sep 2012
Loving the groove on this one, huge track! -uploaded in HD at www.TunesToTube.com
http://wn.com/Fornax_Content_FNC_Opticks
For other uses of "Opticks", see Opticks (disambiguation).
Opticks is a book written by English physicist Isaac Newton that was released to the public in 1704. It is about optics and the refraction of light, and is considered one of the great works of science in history. Opticks was Newton's second major book on physical science.
Contents |
Overview[link]
The publication of Opticks represented a major contribution to science, different from but in some ways rivaling the Principia. Opticks is largely a record of experiments and the deductions made from them, covering a wide range of topics in what was later to be known as physical optics. That is, this work is not a geometric discussion of catoptrics or dioptrics, the traditional subjects of reflection of light by mirrors of different shapes and the exploration of how light is "bent" as it passes from one medium, such as air, into another, such as water or glass. Rather, the Opticks is a study of the nature of light and colour and the various phenomena of diffraction, which Newton called the "inflexion" of light.
In this book Newton sets forth in full his experiments, first reported in 1672,[1] on dispersion, or the separation of light into a spectrum of its component colours. He shows how colours arise from selective absorption, reflection, or transmission of the various component parts of the incident light. His experiments on these subjects and on the problems of diffraction (which he never fully mastered) set the subject of optics on a new level.
Newton's contribution to prismatic dispersion was remarkable since he outlined qualitatively multiple-prism configurations. Multiple-prism arrays, as beam expanders, became central to the design of the tunable laser more than 275 years later thus encouraging the development of the multiple-prism dispersion theory.[2]
[edit] Opticks and the Principia
Opticks differs in many aspects from the Principia. First of all, it is written in English rather than Latin. Second, unlike the Principia, it is not presented in a strictly geometric form, with propositions proved by mathematics from either previous propositions or lemmas or first principles (or axioms). It does not prove its propositions by the use of ratios or equations, by the use of fluxions, or the tools of mathematics. Rather, the proofs generally proceed "by Experiments." In many ways, therefore, this work is a vade mecum of the experimenter's art, displaying in many examples the way to make experiments and to draw proper conclusions from them.
The Queries[link]
- See main: The Queries
Opticks concludes with a set of "Queries." In the first edition, these were sixteen such Queries; that number was increased in the Latin edition, published in 1706, and then in the revised English edition, published in 1717/18. The first set of Queries were brief, but the later ones became short essays, filling many pages. In the fourth edition of 1730, there were 31 Queries, and it was the famous "31st Query" that, over the next two hundred years, stimulated a great deal of speculation and development on theories of chemical affinity.
These Queries, especially the later ones, deal with a wide range of physical phenomena, far transcending any narrow interpretation of the subject matter of "optics." They concern the nature and transmission of heat; the possible cause of gravity; electrical phenomena; the nature of chemical action; the way in which God created matter in "the Beginning;" the proper way to do science; and even the ethical conduct of human beings. These Queries are not really questions in the ordinary sense. They are almost all posed in the negative, as rhetorical questions. That is, Newton does not ask whether light "is" or "may be" a "body." Rather, he declares: "Is not Light a Body?" Not only does this form indicate that Newton had an answer, but that it may go on for many pages. Clearly, as Stephen Hales (a firm Newtonian of the early eighteenth century) declared, this was Newton's mode of explaining "by Query."
Other scientists followed Newton's lead. They saw that he had been setting forth a kind of exploratory natural philosophy in which the primary source of knowledge was experiment. This Newtonian tradition of experimental natural philosophy was different from the one based on mathematical deductions. In this sense, Opticks established a kind of Newtonianism that in the eighteenth century rivaled in importance the mathematical natural philosophy of the Principia. Some of the primary adepts in this new philosophy were such prominent figures as Benjamin Franklin, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, and James Black.
See also[link]
 |
Book: Isaac Newton |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Color
- Color theory
- Prism (optics)
- Theory of Colours (book)
- Book of Optics (Ibn al-Haytham)
- Elements of the Philosophy of Newton (Voltaire)
- Multiple-prism dispersion theory
References[link]
- ^ Newton, Isaac. "Hydrostatics, Optics, Sound and Heat". http://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/MS-ADD-03970/. Retrieved 10 January 2012.
- ^ F. J. Duarte and J. A. Piper, Dispersion theory of multiple-prism beam expanders for pulsed dye lasers, Opt. Commun. 43, 303–307 (1982).
- Newton, Isaac (1998). Opticks or, a treatise of the reflexions, refractions, inflexions and colours of light : also two treatises of the species and magnitude of curvilinear figures. Commentary by Nicholas Humez (Octavo ed.). Palo Alto, Calif.: Octavo. ISBN 1-891788-04-3.
External links[link]
 |
Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
Full and free online editions of Newton's Opticks
Manuscript papers by Isaac Newton containing draft of "Opticks"
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opticks
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Silje Nes (born November 25th 1980 in Leikanger) is a Norwegian multi-instrumentalist / singer / songwriter. She released her first album, Ames Room, in December 2007. She is currently signed to Fat Cat Records.
Nes' second album, Opticks, was released on September 12, 2010.
Nes is a classical pianist. On her albums she plays all instruments, arranges, and produces.
External links[link]
- FatCat Records Page
- Silje Nes' MySpace
- Silje gjør det selv ("Silje does it herself") Aftenposten, January 8, 2008.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Nes, Silje |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1980 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Silje_Nes
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silje_Nes
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
