Choking is the mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from the environment into the lungs. Choking prevents breathing, and can be partial or complete, with partial choking allowing some, although inadequate, flow of air into the lungs. Prolonged or complete choking results in asphyxia which leads to anoxia and is potentially fatal. Oxygen stored in the blood and lungs keep the victim alive for several minutes after breathing is stopped completely.^[1]

Choking can be caused by:

• Physical obstruction of the airway by a foreign body.
• Respiratory diseases that involve obstruction of the airway.
• Compression of the laryngopharynx, larynx or vertebrate trachea in strangulation.

Foreign objects[link]

The type of choking most commonly recognized as such by the public is the lodging of foreign objects (also known as foreign bodies, but consisting of any object which comes from outside the body itself, including food, toys or household objects) in the airway.^[2]

This type of choking is often suffered by small children, who are unable to appreciate the hazard inherent in putting small objects in their mouth.^[3] In adults, it mostly occurs whilst the patient is eating. In one study, peanuts were the most common obstruction.^[4]

Symptoms and clinical signs[link]

• The person cannot speak or cry out, or has great difficulty and limited ability to do so.
• Breathing, if possible, is labored, producing gasping or wheezing.
• The person has a violent and largely involuntary cough, gurgle, or vomiting noise, though more serious choking victims will have a limited (if any) ability to produce these symptoms since they require at least some air movement.
• The person desperately clutches his or her throat or mouth, or attempts to induce vomiting by putting their fingers down their throat.
• If breathing is not restored, the person's face turns blue (cyanosis) from lack of oxygen.
• The person does any or all of the above, and if breathing is not restored, then becomes unconscious.

Treatment[link]

Choking can be treated with a number of different procedures, with both basic techniques available for first aiders and more advanced techniques available for health professionals.

In the United States, members of the public commonly assume that abdominal thrusts, also known as the Heimlich Maneuver, are the correct procedure for choking, due to widespread promotion of this technique in the past, including recommendations from the American Heart Association and the American Red Cross. People elsewhere also often assume this, due in part to widespread use of this technique in movies.^{[citation needed]}

Most modern protocols, including those of the American Heart Association and the American Red Cross, recommend several stages, designed to apply increasingly more pressure. The Red Cross changed their recommendation in 2006, ending their promotion of abdominal thrusts as the primary treatment for choking.^[5]

The key stages in most modern protocols include:

Encouraging the victim to cough[link]

This stage was introduced in many protocols as it was found that many people were too quick to undertake potentially dangerous interventions, such as abdominal thrusts, for items which could have been dislodged without intervention. Also, if the choking is caused by an irritating substance rather than an obstructing one, and if conscious, the patient should be allowed to drink water on their own to try to clear the throat. Since the airway is already closed, there is very little danger of water entering the lungs. Coughing is normal after most of the irritant has cleared, and at this point the patient will probably refuse any additional water for a short time.

Back slaps[link]

The majority of protocols now advocate the use of hard blows with the heel of the hand on the upper back of the victim. The number to be used varies by training organization, but is usually between five and twenty.

The back slap is designed to use percussion to create pressure behind the blockage, assisting the patient in dislodging the article. In some cases the physical vibration of the action may also be enough to cause movement of the article sufficient to allow clearance of the airway.

Almost all protocols give back slaps as a technique to be used before potentially damaging interventions such as abdominal thrusts.^[6][7] Henry Heimlich, noted for promulgating abdominal thrusts, claimed that back slaps were proven to cause death by lodging foreign objects into the windpipe.^[8] The 1982 Yale study by Day, DuBois, and Crelin that "persuaded the American Heart Association to stop recommending back blows for dealing with choking...was partially funded by Heimlich's own foundation."^[9] According to Roger White MD of the Mayo Clinic and American Heart Association (AHA), "There was never any science here. Heimlich overpowered science all along the way with his slick tactics and intimidation, and everyone, including us at the AHA, caved in."^[10]

Abdominal thrusts[link]

A demonstration of abdominal thrusts

Abdominal thrusts, also known by the proprietary name the Heimlich Maneuver (after Henry Heimlich, who first described the procedure in a June 1974 informal article entitled "Pop Goes the Cafe Coronary", published in the journal Emergency Medicine). Edward A. Patrick, MD, PhD, an associate of Heimlich, has claimed to be the uncredited co-developer of the procedure.^[11] Heimlich has objected to the name "abdominal thrusts" on the grounds that the vagueness of the term "abdomen" could cause the rescuer to exert force at the wrong site.^[12]

Performing abdominal thrusts involves a rescuer standing behind a patient and using their hands to exert pressure on the bottom of the diaphragm. This compresses the lungs and exerts pressure on any object lodged in the trachea, hopefully expelling it. This amounts to an artificial cough.

Due to the forceful nature of the procedure, even when done correctly it can injure the person on whom it is performed. Bruising to the abdomen is highly likely and more serious injuries can occur, including fracture of the xiphoid process or ribs.^[13]

In some areas, such as Australia, authorities believe that there is not enough scientific evidence to support the use of abdominal thrusts and their use is not recommended in first aid.^[14]

Self treatment with abdominal thrusts[link]

A person may also perform abdominal thrusts on themselves by using a fixed object such as a railing or the back of a chair to apply pressure where a rescuer's hands would normally do so. As with other forms of the procedure, it is possible that internal injuries may result.

Modified chest thrusts[link]

A modified version of the technique is sometimes taught for use with pregnant and/or obese patients. The rescuer places their hand in the center of the chest to compress, rather than in the abdomen.

Finger sweeping[link]

The American Medical Association advocates sweeping the fingers across the back of the throat to attempt to dislodge airway obstructions, once the choking victim becomes unconscious.^[15]

Some protocols advocate the use of the rescuer's finger to 'sweep' foreign objects away once they have reached the mouth.^{[citation needed]} However, many modern protocols recommend against the use of the finger sweep since, if the patient is conscious, they will be able to remove the foreign object themselves, or if they are unconscious, the rescuer should simply place them in the recovery position (where the object should fall out due to gravity). There is also a risk of causing further damage (for instance inducing vomiting) by using a finger sweep technique.

Direct vision removal[link]

The advanced medical procedure to remove such objects is inspection of the airway with a laryngoscope or bronchoscope, and removal of the object under direct vision, followed by CPR if the patient does not start breathing on their own. Severe cases where there is an inability to remove the object may require cricothyrotomy.

CPR[link]

In most protocols, once the patient has become unconscious, the emphasis switches to performing CPR, involving both chest compressions and artificial respiration. These actions are often enough to dislodge the item sufficiently for air to pass it, allowing gaseous exchange in the lungs.

Notable victims[link]

• United States President George W. Bush survived choking on a pretzel on January 13, 2002, receiving major media coverage.^[16]
• Jimmie Foxx, a famous Major League Baseball player, died by choking on a bone.^[17]
• Tennessee Williams, the playwright, died after choking on a bottle cap.^[18]
• An urban legend states that obese singer Mama Cass choked to death on a ham sandwich. This was borne out of a quickly discarded speculation by the coroner, who noted a partly eaten ham sandwich and figured she may have choked to death. In fact, she died of a heart condition, often wrongly referred to in the media as heart failure.^[19]
• The Queen Mother was admitted to a UK Hospital for an operation in May 1993 after choking on a fish bone.^[20]

Other uses of abdominal thrusts[link]

Dr. Heimlich also advocates the use of the technique as a treatment for drowning^[21] and asthma^[22] attacks, but Heimlich's promotion to use the maneuver to treat these conditions resulted in marginal acceptance. Criticism of these uses has been the subject of numerous print and television reports which resulted from an internet and media campaign by his son, Peter M. Heimlich, who alleges that in August 1974 his father published the first of a series of fraudulent case reports in order to promote the use of abdominal thrusts for near-drowning rescue.^[23]

See also[link]

• Pulmonary aspiration

References[link]

External links[link]

• NHS Choices Common Health Questions: What should I do if someone is choking?
• NHS Choices Common Health Questions: What should I do if a baby is choking?
• NHS Choices Birth to Five Planner: How to help a choking child
• Choking at the Open Directory Project

Renaldo Balkman

Free Agent
Small forward/Power forward
Personal information
Born	(1984-07-14) July 14, 1984 (age 27) Staten Island, New York
Nationality	American / Puerto Rican
High school	Laurinburg Institute
Listed height	6 ft 8 in (2.03 m)
Listed weight	225 lb (102 kg)
Career information
College	South Carolina
NBA Draft	2006 / Round: 1 / Pick: 20th overall
Selected by the New York Knicks
Pro career	2006–present
Career history
2006–2008	New York Knicks
2008–2011	Denver Nuggets
2011–2012	New York Knicks
Career highlights and awards
Gold medal winner at Centrobasket (2010)

Renaldo Balkman (born July 14, 1984 in Staten Island, New York) is an American professional basketball player, formerly of the University of South Carolina. He is currently a free agent. He has represented the Puerto Rico national team in international competition.^[1][2] His nickname is "Taz".^[3]

High school[link]

Prior to attending Laurinburg Institute, he was at IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida. At Laurinburg, he led his team to 40-2 record and No. 1 national prep school ranking.

College[link]

Recruitment[link]

Balkman was a little known player in high school at the Laurinburg Institute, but he was discovered in 2002 by University of South Carolina coach Dave Odom, who instantly saw his potential. According to Odom, "I remember the first time I saw Renaldo Balkman. I was sitting in Orlando in a gym with (South Carolina assistant coach) Barry Sanderson and I asked him 'who is that kid with the dreadlocks? That's the guy we need'. He came back and said nobody knows his name."^[4] Balkman was recruited and signed by Carolina, having received little to no interest from any other major basketball programs.

Playing career[link]

Balkman played an integral role in South Carolina's two wins over eventual national champion Florida during the 2005-2006 college basketball season. He was also the 2006 NIT Most Valuable Player, averaging 9.6 points, 6.3 rebounds, 1.9 assists, 1.7 steals and 1.3 blocks per game.^[5] Balkman's highlight for the season was a team-leading 28-point, 16-rebound, 4-steal performance in a 67-56 win over Alabama on February 14, 2006. He was 11 of 15 from the field and also had a team-high 2 blocks.^[6]

For the 6-foot-8 Balkman, a defensive banger whose style Knicks general manager Isiah Thomas had likened to Dennis Rodman and Ron Artest, the 2006 NIT MVP award was a fitting capper to a three-year college career that produced 7.4 points, 5.3 rebounds and a .553 shooting average.

2006 Draft[link]

The Knicks' choice of Balkman in the first round surprised many, notably ESPN's Jay Bilas, who noted that projected lottery pick Marcus Williams was still available as well as future All-Star guard Rajon Rondo. ESPN columnist Bill Simmons, among others, joked that perhaps Isiah Thomas thought he was drafting Rolando Blackman, a former Knicks player and NBA All-Star.^[7] However, other analysts praised Balkman's work ethic and attitude, as he had transformed himself from a relative unknown into a first round NBA draft pick over the course of a few months.^[8] There was further controversy when the Knicks' general manager, Isiah Thomas, claimed that the Phoenix Suns were prepared to take him; the Suns claimed that he was not even "on [their] radar". In the NBA's official draft guide, which was released to all reporters covering the draft, Balkman was not included in the list of the 300 top players eligible to be drafted in the 2006-07 rookie class. However, the Knicks selected Balkman with their first of two draft picks, which was 20th overall. The Knicks later selected Mardy Collins with the 29th pick. It has also been speculated that Thomas and the Knicks selected Balkman because his agent, Leon Rose, was also the agent of then soon-to-be free agent LeBron James.^[9]

In the Las Vegas Summer League before the 2006-2007 season, Balkman averaged 7.6 points, 4.2 rebounds, 1.8 assists, 1.4 steals, 1 block and 2.4 turnovers during the span of 5 games.^[10] He played along Knick teammates Channing Frye, David Lee, Nate Robinson and Mardy Collins.

Professional career[link]

2006–07[link]

Balkman played in 68 games during the 2006–07 NBA season, averaging 15.6 minutes, 4.9 points, and 4.3 rebounds. He logged four double-doubles and showed promise, particularly on the defensive end where he was called upon to guard multiple positions, from shooting guard to center. The press praised Balkman, describing him as a "sparkplug off the bench" and a "crowd favorite for his hustle and enthusiastic defense," though he was criticized for his poor outside shooting.^[11] Balkman also led the league's rookies in steals plus blocks per 48 minutes.

2007–08[link]

Balkman played in 65 games during the 2007-2008 NBA season, averaging fewer minutes, points, and rebounds than the year before.

2008-09[link]

On July 28, 2008, Balkman was traded to the Denver Nuggets along with cash considerations in exchange for Taurean Green, Bobby Jones, and a second round pick in the 2010 draft.^[12] The Knicks quickly waived both Green and Jones, solidifying the fact that the deal was a salary dump.^[13] Knicks coach Mike D'Antoni stated, "Renaldo really had no role after we drafted (Danilo) Gallinari, and with the emergence of Wilson Chandler his minutes would be nonexistent, so it really wasn’t fair to him to keep him in a spot that he wouldn’t play and also gives us an opportunity to clear up a roster spot and move on."^[14] Said Balkman, "I'm going to make the best of my opportunity. New York was great, but that's in my past now. Denver is my future."^[15]

2010-11[link]

On February 22, 2011, Balkman was reacquired by the New York Knicks in a blockbuster trade which also brought Carmelo Anthony, Chauncey Billups, Shelden Williams, and Anthony Carter to New York.^[16]

2011-12[link]

Balkman was released on February 17, 2012, after the Knicks signed J. R. Smith.

Puerto Rico national basketball team[link]

Medal record
Men’s basketball
Competitor for  Puerto Rico
Pan American Games
Gold	2011 Mexico	Team competition
Centrobasket
Gold	2010 Dominican Republic	Team competition
Central American and Caribbean Games
Gold	2010 Puerto Rico	Team competition

2010 Centrobasket[link]

In the 2010 Centrobasket held in the Dominican Republic, Balkman played with the Puerto Rico national basketball team. Puerto Rico won the gold medal.

2010 Central American Games (Mayaguez 2010)[link]

In the 2010 Central American games held in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, Balkman played with the Puerto Rico national basketball team. Puerto Rico won the gold medal.

2011 Pan American Games (Guadalajara 2011)[link]

In the 2011 Pan American games held in Guadalajara, Mexico, Balkman played with the Puerto Rico national basketball team. Puerto Rico won the gold medal.

NBA career statistics[link]

Regular season[link]

Playoffs[link]

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Renaldo Balkman at NBA.com
• Renaldo Balkman at Basketball-Reference.com
• University of South Carolina bio page

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2009)

Arwind Santos

Alias	"The Spiderman"
Jersey No.	29
Position	Small forward/Power forward
Current Team	Petron Blaze Boosters
Personal Info
Country	Philippines
Born	(1981-06-10) June 10, 1981 (age 31) Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines
Height	6 ft. 4 in.
Weight	170 lbs.
College	Far Eastern University
Career Highlights
Draft	2006, 2nd overall by Air21 Express
Pro Career	2006 – present
Also played for	Air21 Express (2006-2008)
Awards Received
2002 UAAP Rookie of the Year 2003 UAAP Finals Most Valuable Player 2003 UAAP Mythical First Five 2003 UAAP Defensive Player of the Year 2004 UAAP Most Valuable Player 2004 UAAP Mythical First Five 2005 UAAP Most Valuable Player 2005 UAAP Finals Most Valuable Player 2005 UAAP Mythical First Five 2004 PBL Most Valuable Player 2004 PBL Mythical First Team 2006 PBL Mythical Second Team 2006-07 PBA All-Rookie Team 2006-07 PBA Mythical Second Team 2006-07 PBA All-Defensive Team 2007 PBA Blitz Game MVP 2007-08 PBA Mythical First Team 2007-08 PBA Defensive Player of the Year 2007-08 PBA All-Defensive Team 2008-09 PBA Mythical First Team 2008-09 PBA All-Defensive Team 2009-10 PBA Mythical First Team 2009-10 PBA All-Defensive Team 2010-11 PBA Mythical First Team 2010-11 PBA All-Defensive Team 2010-11PBA Defensive Player of the Year 2011 PBA Governors Cup Best Player of the Conference 2011 PBA Governors Cup Finals MVP 4x PBA All-Star (2008-2011)

Arwind Santos (born June 10, 1981 in Angeles City, Pampanga, Philippines) is a Filipino professional basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association currently playing for the Petron Blaze Boosters. Selected second overall by the Air21 Express in the 2006 PBA Draft, he also played college hoops at Far Eastern University in the UAAP and the Magnolia Ice Cream Spinners in the Philippine Basketball League.

Amateur career[link]

High School Career[link]

Santos played for Lubao Institute during his high school career. In 2000, he became well known during zonal competitions because of his hardwork on the basketball court.

UAAP career[link]

Santos arrived at the UAAP scene in 2002 with the FEU Tamaraws where he won Rookie of the Year honors. With the Tamaraws struggling to enter the Final Four, Santos was still able to put a decent performance. One of the highlights of his freshman year was a game-tying three against eventual champion Ateneo Blue Eagles.

In 2003, Santos led the Tamaraws to the UAAP title for the first time in six seasons, sweeping the Blue Eagles in the process. Santos was a candidate to win the Most Valuable Player Award, but was beaten by University of the East star James Yap. However, by leading the Tamaraws to the title, he was named Finals MVP. He was also named Defensive Player of the Year and was part of the Mythical Five together with season MVP Yap, Rich Alvarez, Paul Artadi, and Reynaldo Mendoza.^[1]

Santos would win the Most Valuable Player plum the next season (2004) but the Tamaraws lost to the De La Salle Green Archers in three crucial games. However, with the controversy that surrounded the Archers, the title was then awarded to the Morayta-based team. He also made it to the UAAP Mythical Five alongside Mark Cardona, LA Tenorio, Paolo Bugia and Dennis Miranda.

In his last year (2005) in the UAAP, he again led the team to the title by sweeping the anticipated championship rematch against the Green Archers thereby giving the FEU Tamaraws a three-peat from 2003-2005. Santos was adjudged Season MVP and Finals MVP. He was also named to the Mythical Five with Isip, Tenorio, Edwin Asoro and Joseph Yeo.

He is one of the only two players in the FEU Tamaraws that had his jersey retired. The other was Johnny Abarrientos.

Philippine Basketball League[link]

In 2003, Santos made his PBL debut for Viva Mineral Water, a team composed of fellow FEU teammates. After a slow start, he led the Water Force all the way to the PBL Unity Cup Finals, where they lost in five games to Hapee Toothpaste.

In 2004, Santos led Viva to its first PBL crown defeating Welcoat Paints in the 2004 Unity Cup. He was adjudged PBL MVP during the tournament and was part of the 2004 Mythical Five alongside former PBA players Jojo Tangkay and Chester Tolomia and teammates Dennis Miranda and Mark Isip.^[2] In 2006, he led Magnolia Ice Cream to the PBL Heroes Cup title, coming back from 0-2 deficit to defeat Welcoat Paints. In the PBL Unity Cup, Magnolia made an early exit. However, Santos still made the Mythical Second Team in his final PBL conference.^[3]

PBA career[link]

In the 2006 PBA Draft, Santos was selected second overall by the Air21 Express. He later signed a deal to play his first three seasons with the team, playing alongside Ranidel de Ocampo, Yancy de Ocampo, and KG Canaleta. He chose to wear the number 29 since his usual number 19 was already worn by Wynne Arboleda.

He ranked first among rookies in scoring during the Philippine Cup and almost led the Express to a quarterfinals appearance only to lose against the Sta. Lucia Realtors in a knockout match. He wound up with averages of 14.2 points per game (ppg), 8.3 rebounds per game (rpg), 0.9 assists per game (apg), 0.8 steals per game (spg), and 1.2 blocks per game (bpg). Because of his sterling play, he made it to the Mythical Second Team as well as the All-Defensive Team.

Santos was one of the leading contenders for the Rookie of the Year (ROY) honors at the season's end with the likes of Sta. Lucia's Kelly Williams and Welcoat's Jay-R Reyes as among the possible winners. Williams eventually won the ROY award. But Santos was part of the All-Rookie Team together with Williams, Jay-R Reyes, Jireh Ibañez and LA Tenorio.

The next season, 2007-2008 season, Santos and Williams faced each other again for the Philippine Cup Best Player of the Conference (BPC) award by finishing No. 1 and 2 in the statistical points (SPs). However, despite trailing in the SPs department, Williams would win the award with Santos finishing No. 2 just like in the previous year's rookie race. Santos eventually posted numbers of 16.3 ppg (8th-best), 9.6 rpg (4th best), 1.7 apg, 1.2 spg (8th-best) and 1.5 bpg (2nd-best) on the way to earning a berth in both the Mythical First Team and All-Defensive Team. He also won the Defensive Player of the Year award. He led the Express team to a runner-up finish against Barangay Ginebra together with import Steve Thomas in the Fiesta Cup. At season's end, Santos and Williams battled it out again, this time for the MVP award, which went again to Williams (2762 points) as against Santos' 1775 points. This would be the third time that Williams edged out Santos in the race for a major award (2006-07 ROY and 2007-08 Philippine Cup BPC).^[4]

In the 2008-2009 season, Santos averaged 26.7 ppg, 7.8 rpg, 1.2 apg, 1.2 spg and 1.1 bpg. By virtue of his consistent play, Santos made it to the Mythical First Team for the second year in a row and the All-Defensive Team for the third straight year.^[5] This year would prove to be his last year with the Express team.

During the off season Arwind Santos finally got his wish to play for the San Miguel Beermen, the winningest team in the history of the Philippine Basketball Association. None among the officials confirmed the trade although a highly-placed source revealed that Santos was shipped to the Beermen in exchange for 6'4" power forward Marc Pingris, 6'6" sophomore center Ken Bono and San Miguel's 2010 first round pick.^[6][7]

In the 2009-2010 season, his first year with the San Miguel franchise, he shared stellar minutes with the likes of Jay Washington, Dondon Hontiveros, Danny Seigle and Alex Cabagnot. Because of this his averages dipped a bit as he posted averages of 14.6 ppg, 7.9 rpg, 7.2 apg, 1.1 spg and 1.2 bpg. He again made it to the Mythical First Team (3rd-straight) and All-Defensive Team (4th time in 4 years).

In the first round of the 2010-11 Philippine Cup, San Miguel compiled an 11-3 record while Santos averaged 16.6 points per game. In the 2011 PBA Governors Cup, he was awarded with the Best Player of the Conference.^[8] He also led his team to an improbable championship in the Governor's Cup conference over the highly favored Talk 'N Text team who were aiming to complete a rare grand slam. In so doing, he was named the Phoenix Fuels-PBA Press Corps Finals MVP.^[9] At season's end, Santos posted averages of 25.3 ppg, 10.7 rpg, 7.2 apg, 1.0 spg and 1.3 bpg on the way to earning berths in the Mythical First Team and All-Defensive Team for the 4th and 5th year in a row, respectively.

International career[link]

He also suited up for the Philippine National Team a couple of times under coach Chot Reyes in 2006 and coach Yeng Guiao in 2008.

In August 2010, Santos, along with other PBA players, was considered as a possible reinforcement for Smart Gilas, as the developmental Philippine national basketball team was looking to make the squad more competitive.^[10]

Santos also suited up for the PBA All-Stars in the NBA-Asia Challenge 2009 dubbed as "NBA Generations vs. PBA All-Stars" held last September 11, 2009 at the Araneta Coliseum.^[11] The NBA Generations team featured NBA legends Dominique Wilkins, Tim Hardaway, Vlade Divac and Robert Horry and coached by NBA six-time MVP and Hall of Famer Kareem Abdul Jabbar. Making up the PBA All-Stars line-up were PBA legends Alvin Patrimonio, Allan Caidic, Ronnie Magsanoc, Benjie Paras and Kenneth Duremdes and active players Santos, Wynne Arboleda, Japeth Aguilar, Dondon Hontiveros, Jay-R Reyes, Marc Pingris, Enrico Villanueva, Sonny Thoss, Willie Miller and Joseph Yeo.^[12] The NBA Generations defeated the PBA All-Stars 109-86 behind the efforts of Wilkins (28 points, 5 rebounds, 2 steals) and Horry (10 points, 5 rebounds, 4 assists). The PBA All-Stars were led by Caidic, Miller and Hontiveros with 15, 14 and 10 points, respectively while Santos scored 5 points.

Santos was again selected to play in the NBA-Asia Challenge 2010 where the two teams, Red and White, were composed of a mixture of NBA and PBA legends as well as NBA D-Leaguers and active PBA players. Making up the Red team were NBA legends Glen Rice and Gary Payton, D-leaguers Darnell Lazare and Chris McCray reinforced by PBA legends Caidic, Vergel Meneses, Atoy Co and active players like Santos, Rico Maierhofer and LA Tenorio while the White team was composed of NBA legends Chris Webber and Mitch Richmond with help from D-leaguers Richie Frahm, who was also a former PBA import, and Mark Tyndale and PBA legends Paras, Magsanoc, Patrimonio and active players Hontiveros and Ronald Tubid. Santos fired 16 points along with Meneses as they supported Caidic who scored 54 points including 14 3-point shots as the Red team walloped the White team 177-167.^[13]

Personal life[link]

Santos married Karyn Maye Umayam and started living together in Sampaloc, Manila. On Dec. 9, 2005, Umayam gave birth to their first child but barely a month after, Santos left his wife and child. When Umayan found out that Santos was living with Ivette Iza Gavieres, daughter of his former FEU coach Danny Gavieres, who was pregnant, she decided to go back to her parents' house in Batangas City.^[14]

Achievements[link]

UAAP[link]

• 1-Time UAAP Rookie of the Year
  • 65th UAAP season
• 2-Time UAAP Most Valuable Player
  • 67th UAAP season
  • 68th UAAP season
• 2-Time UAAP Finals Most Valuable Player
  • 66th UAAP season
  • 68th UAAP season
• 3-Time Mythical First Five Member
  • 66th UAAP season
  • 67th UAAP season
  • 68th UAAP season

Philippine Basketball League[link]

• 1-Time PBL Most Valuable Player
  • 2004 PBL Unity Cup
• 1-Time PBL Mythical First Team Member
  • 2004 PBL Unity Cup
• 1-Time PBL Mythical Second Team Member
  • 2006 PBL Unity Cup

Philippine Basketball Association[link]

• 4-Time PBA Mythical First Team Member
  • 2007-2008 PBA Season
  • 2008-2009 PBA Season
  • 2009-2010 PBA Season
  • 2010-2011 PBA Season
• 5-Time PBA All Defensive Team Member
  • 2006-2007 PBA Season
  • 2007-2008 PBA Season
  • 2008-2009 PBA Season
  • 2009-2010 PBA Season
  • 2010-2011 PBA Season
• 4-Time PBA All-Star
  • 2007-2008 PBA Season
  • 2008-2009 PBA Season
  • 2009-2010 PBA Season
  • 2010-2011 PBA Season
• 2-Time PBA Defensive Player of the Year
  • 2007-2008 PBA Season
  • 2010-2011 PBA Season^[15]
• 2-Time PBA Mythical Second Team Member
  • 2006-2007 PBA Season
  • 2010-2011 PBA Season
• 1-Time Best Player of the Conference
  • 2010-2011 Governor's Cup
• 1-time PBA Finals MVP
  • 2011 Governors Cup

References[link]

External links[link]

• Profile at PBA-Online!
• Profile at PBA.ph
• Arwind Santos at the Internet Movie Database

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2007)

Choking Victim was a United States punk rock band formed in New York City, which were together from 1992 to 1999. Playing a mix of hardcore punk and ska with anarchist lyrics. Following the breakup of the band, which occurred the same day as the recording of their only studio album No Gods, No Managers, members went on to form Leftöver Crack.

Background[link]

The band became well-known at the C-Squat in the Lower East Side of Manhattan for their innovative music and politically charged lyrics. They also became infamous for their Satanic imagery and references to the vagrant lifestyle, including smoking both crack cocaine and marijuana, shoplifting, and squatting. The band prides itself on its atheism, making reference to Satan for the purpose of being offensive, rather than any actual worship of the deity. On the album No Gods, No Managers, they use excerpts from the lectures of political scientist Michael Parenti.

Choking Victim broke up after the first day of recording for their first full-length LP, No Gods, No Managers, but the recordings from that one day were enough to make a full album. After they broke up, (Stza and Ezra Crack) formed the band Leftöver Crack, and Skwert and Ezra formed INDK. Skwert is currently the front man for the NJ based ska punk band Public Serpents. Sascha has spent the last several years organically farming in upstate NY, and is a founding member of Icarus Project, a radical mental health network. Choking Victim and Leftöver Crack are anti-racist, anti-sexist, anti-homophobic and anti-fascist.

On November 11, 2000, Choking Victim reunited to play a show in Tompkins Square Park with the lineup from their album, substituting former bassist Alec for Shayne. Later, in late 2005, Choking Victim reunited a second time, performing four shows. On June 11, 2006, they played a show at the Lower East Side's Tompkins Square Park, which featured various political speakers, including members of the Mislead Youth Project. At the end of July 2006, they toured the Dominican Republic, before Leftöver Crack embarked on their European Tour.

In addition to Leftöver Crack and INDK, Choking Victim also spawned Morning Glory and the Crack Rock Steady 7.

Members[link]

• Scott "Stza" Sturgeon – vocals, guitar (1992–1999, 2000, 2005–2006)
• Sascha "Scatter" DuBrul – bass (1992–1994, 2005–2006)
• John Dolan – drums (1992–1993, 2005–2006)
• Skwert – drums (1993–1999, 2000)
• Alec Baillie – bass (1995–1996, 1996, 2000)
• Shayne Webb – bass (1996, 1996–1999)
• Ezra Kire – guitar (1998–1999, 2000)

Discography[link]

EP's (Vinyl):

• "Crack Rock Steady E.P." (1994) 2x1000 pressed
• "Squatta's Paradise" (1996) 2x1000 pressed
• "Victim Comes Alive" (1998) 1000 pressed

Albums:

• "No Gods, No Managers" (1999)

Demos:

• "Crack Rock Steady Demo" (2000)

Compilation Releases:

• "Crack Rock Steady/Squatta's Paradise EP" (2000)
• "Wicked City Soundtrack" - 1998, Velvel Records ("Fuck America")
• "Give 'Em The Boot" - 1997, Hellcat Records ("Infested")
• "Give 'Em The Boot II" - 1999, Hellcat Records ("Crack Rock Steady")
• "Ska Sucks" - 1998, Liberation Records ("Suicide (a better way)")
• "Smash Ignorance Up" - 1998, Possible Problem Records ("Money")
• "Skanarchy III" - 1997, Elevator Records ("Born to Die")
• "Picklemania NYC" - 199?, Riot Records ("500 Channels")
• "Finding a Voice: A Benefit For Humans" - 1999 Repetitively Futile Records ("Sweet Dreams")

Live:

• "Live 9/11 2005"

References[link]

External links[link]

• Old CV Fansite
• Crack Rock Steady Infö

See also[link]

• Leftöver Crack
• No Commercial Value
• Crack Rock Steady 7
• Rotting (Canada)
• F-Minus
• No-Cash
• Star Fucking Hipsters