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Server Side Includes (SSI) is a simple interpreted server-side scripting language used almost exclusively for the Web.

The most frequent use of SSI is to include the contents of one or more files into a web page on a web server. For example, a web page containing a daily quotation could include the quotation by placing the following code into the file of the web page: <source lang="xml"></source> With one change of the quote.txt file, all pages including the file will display the latest daily quotation. The inclusion is not limited to files, and may also be the text output from a program, or the value of a system variable such as the current time.

Server Side Includes are useful for including a common piece of code throughout a site, such as a page header, a page footer and a navigation menu. Conditional navigation menus can be conditionally included using control directives.

In order for a web server to recognize an SSI-enabled HTML file and therefore carry out these instructions, either the filename should end with a special extension, by default .shtml, .stm, .shtm, or, if the server is configured to allow this, set the execution bit of the file.

As a simple programming language, SSI supports only one type: text. Its control flow is rather simple, choice is supported, but loops are not natively supported and can only be done by recursion using include or using HTTP redirect. The simple design of the language makes it easier to learn and use than most server-side scripting languages, while complicated server-side processing is often done with one of the more feature-rich programming languages. SSI is Turing complete.^[1]

Apache, nginx, lighttpd and IIS are the four major web servers that support this language.

Basic syntax[link]

SSI has a simple syntax: <!--#directive parameter=value parameter=value -->. Directives are placed in HTML comments so that if SSI is not enabled, users will not see the SSI directives on the page, unless they look at its source. Note that the syntax does not allow spaces between the leading "<" and the directive. ^[2]

Directives[link]

Most common directives[link]

Control directives[link]

The <!--#set --> command is supported in both Apache httpd and lighttpd.

Client Side Includes[link]

Client Side Includes are HTML includes achieved on the client-side. This means that the inclusions can be cached on the client. It also means that web pages with includes can be viewed locally on the file system without a web server.

However, while HTML allows the direct inclusion of CSS, JavaScript and Image files into a web page it has never allowed direct inclusion of HTML. There are several tricks to achieve this, each with their own problems. These include:

• Using an IFrame, which includes content in a clearly separate, fixed size area.
• Converting the HTML code into a JavaScript program that inserts the HTML into the DOM.
• Using JavaScript with Ajax to load the HTML. No modern web browsers will generally allow this to work directly from the file system due to security concerns.

These client-side includes are relatively complex, are not accessible to WYSIWYG editors, and rely on the client's support of their respective technologies. In the case of frames and iframes, they are less accessible.

At first it seems that manually copying and recopying HTML fragments from page to page is the easiest way, but SSI/CSI pays off. In the future, browsers may implement the W3C XInclude specification which enables client-side includes. Similarly, client-side XML includes may be done in some browsers today through the use of DTDs and external entities.

See also[link]

• ESI (Edge Side Includes)
• Transclusion

References[link]

External links[link]

• Apache mod_include Reference
• Apache SSI Tutorial
• Original NCSA HTTPd SSI Reference
• Server-Side Includes Tutorial
• Plain-English Guide to SSI
• SSI-Developer, Apache Server Side IncludesServer Side Includes

Buck O'Neil in a Monarchs Uniform

John Jordan "Buck" O'Neil (November 13, 1911 – October 6, 2006) was a first baseman and manager in the Negro American League, mostly with the Kansas City Monarchs. After his playing days, he worked as a scout, and became the first African American coach in Major League Baseball. In his later years he became a popular and renowned speaker and interview subject, helping to renew widespread interest in the Negro leagues, and played a major role in establishing the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum in Kansas City, Missouri.

Playing career[link]

Born in rural Carrabelle, Florida, O'Neil was initially denied the opportunity to attend high school due to racial segregation; at the time, Florida had only four high schools specifically for African Americans. However, after working a summer in a celery field with his father, O'Neil left home to live with relatives and attend Edward Waters College in Jacksonville, where he completed high school and two years of college courses. He left Florida in 1934 for several years of semi-professional "barnstorming" experiences (playing interracial exhibition games),.^[1] The effort paid off, and in 1937, O'Neil signed with the Memphis Red Sox for their first year of play in the newly-formed Negro American League. His contract was sold to the Monarchs the following year.

O'Neil had a career batting average of .288 between 1937 and 1950, including five .300-plus seasons at the plate, as well as five seasons in which he did not top .260. In 1946, the first baseman led the NAL with a .350 batting average and followed that in 1947 with a .305 mark in 16 games. He also posted averages of .344 in 1940 and .330 in 1949. He played in four East-West All-Star Games in three different seasons and two Negro League World Series.

A World War II tour in the U.S. Navy from 1943–1945 briefly interrupted his playing career.

O'Neil was named manager of the Monarchs in 1948 after Frank Duncan's retirement, and continued to play first base as well as a regular through 1951, dropping to part time status afterward. He managed the Monarchs for eight seasons from 1948 through 1955 during the declining years of the Negro leagues, winning two league titles and a shared title in which no playoff was held during that period. His two undisputed pennants were won in 1953 and 1955, when the league had shrunk to fewer than six teams.

Negro leagues career statistics[link]

O'Neil was known to have played full time in 1951 and as a reserve and pinch-hitter as late as 1955, but Negro leagues statistics for the period 1951 and after are considered extremely unreliable.

Source: Hall of Fame Committee on African-American Baseball, 2006

Off the field[link]

When Tom Baird sold the Monarchs at the end of the 1955 season, O'Neil resigned as manager and became a scout for the Chicago Cubs.^[2] He was named the first black coach in the major leagues by the Cubs in 1962 and is credited for signing Hall of Fame player Lou Brock to his first contract. O'Neil is sometimes incorrectly credited with also having signed Hall of Famer Ernie Banks to his first contract; Banks was originally scouted and signed to the Monarchs by Cool Papa Bell, then manager of the Monarchs' barnstorming B team in 1949. Banks played briefly for the Monarchs in 1950 and 1953, his play interrupted by Army duty. O'Neil was Banks' manager during those stints, and Banks was signed to play for the Cubs more than two years before O'Neil joined them as a scout.

After many years with the Cubs, O'Neil became a Kansas City Royals scout in 1988, and was named "Midwest Scout of the Year" in 1998.

O'Neil gained national prominence with his compelling descriptions of the Negro leagues as part of Ken Burns' 1994 PBS documentary on baseball. Afterwards, he became the subject of countless national interviews, including appearances on Late Night with David Letterman and the Late, Late Show with Tom Snyder.

In 1990, O'Neil led the effort to establish the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum (NLBM) in Kansas City, and served as its honorary board chairman until his death.

In 1996, O'Neil became the recipient of an Honorary Doctor of Business Administration degree from the University of Missouri - Kansas City in Kansas City, Missouri.

In February 2002, at the end of the NLBM's Legacy Awards annual banquet, O'Neil received an induction ring from the baseball scouts Hall of Fame in St. Louis.^[3]

A busy final year[link]

On May 13, 2006, he received an honorary doctorate in education from Missouri Western State University where he also gave the commencement speech.

O'Neil was a member of the 18-member Baseball Hall of Fame Veterans Committee from 1981 to 2000 and played an important role in the induction of six Negro league players from 1995–2001 during the time the Hall had a policy of inducting one Negro leaguer per year. O'Neil was nominated to a special Hall ballot for Negro league players, managers, and executives in 2006, but received fewer than the necessary nine votes (out of twelve) to gain admission; however, 17 other Negro league figures were selected.

"God's been good to me. They didn't think Buck was good enough to be in the Hall of Fame. That's the way they thought about it and that's the way it is, so we're going to live with that. Now, if I'm a Hall of Famer for you, that's all right with me. Just keep loving old Buck. Don't weep for Buck. No, man, be happy, be thankful".^[4]

On July 29, 2006, O'Neil spoke at the induction ceremony for the Negro league players at the Baseball Hall of Fame (MP3 audio: [1]).

Still playing after all these years[link]

Just before the Hall of Fame ceremonies, O'Neil signed a contract with the Kansas City T-Bones on July 18 to allow him to play in the Northern League All-Star Game. Before the game, O'Neil was "traded" to the Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks and was listed as the starting shortstop, although after drawing an intentional walk, he was replaced before actually playing in the field. At the end of the inning, another "trade" was announced that brought O'Neil back to the Kansas City team, allowing him to lead off the bottom of the inning as well (drawing another intentional walk).

The T-Bones originally claimed that O'Neil, at age 94 years, 8 months, and 5 days, would be by far the oldest person to appear in a professional baseball game (surpassing 83-year-old Jim Eriotes who had struck out in another Northern League game just a week earlier).^[5][6] However, that claim was in error, as the Schaumburg Flyers of the Northern League had signed Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe to a one-game contract and allowed him to face one batter on June 19, 1999 when he was 96 years old.^[7] While O'Neil was the second-oldest pro player, the claim was amended that he would be the oldest person to make a plate appearance in a professional baseball game.

Death and legacy[link]

The Buck O'Neil Legacy Seat at Kauffman Stadium

On August 5, 2006, O'Neil was admitted to a Kansas City hospital after complaining that he didn't feel well. He was admitted for fatigue and was released three days later only to be re-admitted September 17. On September 28, Kansas City media reported that O'Neil's condition had worsened.^[8][9] On October 6, O'Neil died at the age of 94 of heart failure and bone marrow cancer.^[10]

During the ESPN opening day broadcast of the 2007 Kansas City Royals, on April 2, 2007, Joe Morgan announced that the Royals would honor O'Neil by placing a fan in the Buck O'Neil Legacy Seat^[11] in Kauffman Stadium each game who best exemplifies O'Neil's spirit. The seat itself has been replaced by a red seat amidst the all-blue seats behind home plate in Section 101, Row C, Seat 1. Due to the renovations and section renumbering in 2009 the seat number is now Section 127, Seat 9, Row C and the seat bottom is now padded. The first person to sit in "Buck's seat" was Buck O'Neil's brother, Warren.

Presidential Medal of Freedom[link]

On December 7, 2006, O'Neil was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush;^[12] the award was given to his brother, Warren, on his behalf on December 15. He was chosen due to his "excellence and determination both on and off the baseball field," according to the White House news release. He joins such sports notables as Jesse Owens, Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson, and Jack Nicklaus in receiving the United States' highest civilian honor.

Beacon of Life Award[link]

On March 31, 2007—the day of Major League Baseball's first annual Civil Rights Game—O'Neil was posthumously awarded MLB's first annual Beacon of Life Award at the inaugural MLB Beacon Awards luncheon.^[13][14]

Lifetime Achievement Award[link]

On October 24, 2007, O'Neil was posthumously given a Lifetime Achievement Award named after him. He had fallen short in the Hall of Fame vote in 2006; however, he was honored in 2007 with a new award given by the Hall of Fame, to be named after him. A statue of O'Neil is to be placed inside the Negro Leagues Baseball Museum on 18th and Vine in Kansas City, and the Buck O'Neil Lifetime Achievement Award will be presented no more than every 3 years.^[15]

At the Hall of Fame induction ceremony on July 27, 2008, Joe Morgan gave a dedication speech for the award and talked about O'Neil's life, repeatedly citing the title of O'Neil's autobiography, I Was Right on Time.

Other honors[link]

• Buck O'Neil Run/Walk^[16]
• "John Jordan 'Buck' O'Neil" exhibit (in the Ted Williams Museum and Hitters Hall of Fame)
• Hall of Famous Missourians - In February 2012 O'Neil was inducted to the Hall, located in the Missouri state capitol building in Jefferson City. A bronze bust of O'Neil will be on permanent display by the sculptor E. Spencer Schubert.^[17]

See also[link]

	Biography portal
	World War II portal
	Baseball portal
	African American portal

• List of African American firsts

Notes[link]

Further reading[link]

• Wittenstein, Barry (March 23, 2007). "Take a journey with a baseball legend: Biographical accounts of Buck O'Neil a guaranteed page-turner". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media, L.P. http://boston.redsox.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20070323&content_id=1855695&vkey=news_mlb&fext=.jsp&c_id=mlb. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 

References[link]

• Address at the National Baseball Hall of Fame
• PBS Interview With O'Neil
• Buck O'Neil Interview July 2006
• ESPN: "O'Neil Was the Real 'Voice' of America"
• SRQ Magazine interview September 2006

External links[link]

• Negro league baseball statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference (Negro leagues)
• Baseball Hall of Fame - 2006 Negro League Committee candidate profile at the Internet Archive
• Baseball Hall of Fame: Inaugural O'Neil Award bestowed to its namesake
• Negro Leagues Baseball Museum
• Michael Tillery tribute article
• John "Buck" O'Neil's oral history video excerpts at The National Visionary Leadership Project

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (June 2011)

Jeff Foster

Foster in 2006.
No. 10
Center / Power forward
Personal information
Born	(1977-01-16) January 16, 1977 (age 35) San Antonio, Texas
Nationality	American
High school	James Madison (San Antonio, Texas)
Listed height	6 ft 11 in (2.11 m)
Listed weight	250 lb (113 kg)
Career information
College	Southwest Texas State
NBA Draft	1999 / Round: 1 / Pick: 21st overall
Selected by the Golden State Warriors
Pro career	1999–2012
Career history
1999–2012	Indiana Pacers
Career statistics
Points	3,747 (4.9 ppg)
Rebounds	5,248 (6.9 rpg)
Assists	703 (0.9 apg)
Stats at NBA.com
Stats at Basketball-Reference.com

Jeffrey Douglas Foster (born January 16, 1977) is a retired American professional basketball player who spent the entirety of his 13-year career with the Indiana Pacers of the NBA.

Early life and college[link]

Foster was born in San Antonio, Texas and graduated from James Madison High School in San Antonio in 1995. In senior year, he joined the varsity basketball team in high school. He attended Southwest Texas State University and finished college nine credits short of a degree in finance.^[1] With the Southwest Texas State Bobcats, Foster averaged 12.8 points and 10.2 rebounds in his junior season and was part of the All-Southland Conference Second-Team in 1998.^[2]

NBA career[link]

He was selected 21st overall by the Golden State Warriors in the 1999 NBA Draft out of Southwest Texas State University, but his draft rights were immediately traded to the Pacers in exchange for Vonteego Cummings and a future first-round draft pick.^[3]

Foster was part of the Pacers' 1999–2000 Eastern Conference championship team, though he played only 19 games that year as he was fourth on the Pacers' depth chart at center behind Rik Smits, Sam Perkins and Zan Tabak. In his second season he played in 71 games, gaining a spot in the rotation as the Pacers rebuilt for the future. He averaged 3.5 points and 5.5 rebounds per game while averaging only 16.2 minutes per contest.

Foster began the 2001–02 season as the starter, and started 48 games that year before Brad Miller was acquired in a trade with the Chicago Bulls. Nevertheless, Foster played in all 82 games for the first time in his career, averaging 5.7 points and 6.8 rebounds per game.

Miller remained the Pacers' starting center throughout the 2002–03 season, and as such Foster was relegated back to the bench, and he produced his lowest point total yet of his career (2.1 ppg) and grabbed only 3.6 rebounds per game.

Before the 2003–04 season, Brad Miller was traded to the Sacramento Kings, and newly-acquired Scot Pollard began as the starting center. But Foster distinguished himself in the Pacers' season opener against the Detroit Pistons and his play, combined with Pollard's poor play, meant a return to the starting line-up for Foster.^[4] The energetic, hard-working center became an important rebounding presence for the Pacers, and his offensive rebounds in particular, combined with well-timed tip-ins, finally endeared himself to Indiana fans.

Foster in 2008.

Foster sustained a back injury in December 2009 and underwent surgery on February 16, 2010.^[5]

Foster announced his retirement on March 21, 2012. He cited chronic back issues as the reason for his departure from the game.^[6] At the time of his retirement, Foster ranked 8th all-time in total rebound rate and 5th all-time in offensive rebound rate.^[7]

NBA career statistics[link]

Regular season[link]

Playoffs[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Jeff Foster at NBA.com
• Jeff Foster at Basketball-Reference.com

Jim Gaffigan
Jim Gaffigan on February 20, 2010
Birth name	James Christopher Gaffigan
Born	(1966-07-07) July 7, 1966 (age 45) Chesterton, Indiana, U.S.
Medium	Stand-up, television, film
Nationality	American
Years active	1991 – Present
Genres	Deadpan, sarcasm, observational comedy, satire
Subject(s)	Pop culture, everyday life, marriage, parenting, obesity, self-deprecation
Spouse	Jeannie Noth Gaffigan (2003-present) 4 children
Notable works and roles	Beyond the Pale King Baby Roy Keene on That '70s Show Andy Franklin in My Boys
Website	http://www.jimgaffigan.com

James Christopher "Jim" Gaffigan (born July 7, 1966) is an American stand-up comedian and actor.

Early life[link]

Gaffigan was born in Chesterton, Indiana and attended La Lumiere School in La Porte, Indiana. He is the youngest of six children and often jokes about growing up in a large family. He attended one year at Purdue University, where he was a member of the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity. He graduated from Georgetown University's McDonough School of Business in 1988. Jim Gaffigan wrestled in High School and stated, while on Joe Rogan's podcast, that he played College Football (division 3).

Career[link]

Stand-up career[link]

Gaffigan performing in May 2008

Gaffigan's comedy routines often include humorous, high-pitched "asides" representing commentary on his performance from a hypothetical naive and easily offended audience member. These were inspired by his sister.^{[citation needed]}

Gaffigan is also known for routines or skits relating to being lazy and eating food, especially popular routines regarding Hot Pockets, cake, and bacon. In 2004 Gaffigan's stand up material was featured in Comedy Central's animated series Shorties Watchin' Shorties. His 2006 album, Beyond the Pale, consisted primarily of material regarding food and American eating habits. The album was accompanied by an hour-long special on Comedy Central of the same name, which was released on his DVD. His 2009 album, King Baby, was also a television special filmed in Austin, Texas at the end of his "The Sexy Tour". Comedy Central released King Baby on DVD. In a March 2009 interview on Anytime with Bob Kushell, Gaffigan defended his naming of the tour, stating that he thought it would be funny that parents would be unsure about whether to bring their teenage children to the show.^[1]

For Easter 2010, Gaffigan traveled to Israel and had two performances. One was at a theater in Tel Aviv and the second was at Israel's only English-speaking comedy club in Jerusalem.^[2]

On February 25, 2012, Gaffigan taped a one-hour stand-up special Mr. Universe at the Warner Theater in Washington, D.C.^[3] He announced that, based on the business model used by Louis C.K.'s Live at the Beacon Theater, the stand-up would be available online through his website for $5, with $1 of the proceeds going to the Bob Woodruff Foundation.^[4]

Acting career[link]

Gaffigan performing at the Carolines on Broadway comedy club in New York City.

Gaffigan is also recognizable for having performed in several comedic commercials for Sierra Mist alongside fellow comedian Michael Ian Black. Furthermore, he appeared in two movies chosen for the 2001 Sundance Film Festival: Super Troopers and Thirty Years to Life. He appeared on That '70s Show. Gaffigan was a regular cast member of the TBS original sitcom My Boys. He left the show at the end of the third season.

Gaffigan produced a series of animated shorts for Late Night With Conan O'Brien, titled Pale Force, in which the animated Gaffigan and O'Brien are superheroes who fight crime with their extremely pale skin.^[5]

In 2009, Gaffigan guest starred as the best friend of Murray Hewitt in one episode of the HBO comedy series Flight of the Conchords. Later that same year, he appeared in the Sam Mendes-directed dramedy Away We Go and the teen comedy 17 Again. On June 11, 2009, Gaffigan made his first and only appearance on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. He appeared on Law & Order episodes "Flight" and "Reality Bites".

He was in an episode of The Daily Show as a man who, posing as a prolific Daily Show correspondent, obviously knows nothing about the show (refers to it as "The John Daily Show") and simply wants to be seen with Jon Stewart. This was meant to be a parody of the 2009 White House gatecrash incident.

He was in the movie The Love Guru starring Mike Myers.

Broadway[link]

On November 2, 2010 it was announced that he will next appear on Broadway opposite Brian Cox, Chris Noth, Kiefer Sutherland, and Jason Patric in That Championship Season, which will open in March 2011.^[6]

Personal life[link]

He is married to Jeannie Noth, a Catholic, with whom he has two daughters, Marre and Katie Louise, and two sons, Jack and Michael, and a fifth child on the way. Gaffigan was raised Catholic,^[7] something else he frequently jokes about. He is noted for his consumption of fish on Fridays, his love of McDonald's, his failure to pay attention in church, and his dislike of hecklers.

Discography[link]

• 2001: Luigi's Doghouse
• 2001: Economics II
• 2003: More Moo Moos
• 2004: The Last Supper
• 2004: Doing My Time
• 2006: Beyond the Pale
• 2009: King Baby
• 2012: "Mr. Universe"

Filmography[link]

• Three Kings (1999)
• Cry Baby Lane (2000)
• Super Troopers (2001)
• Igby Goes Down (2002)
• No Sleep Till Madison (2002)
• 13 Going On 30 (2004)
• The Great New Wonderful (2005)
• Stephanie Daley (2006)
• The Living Wake (2007)
• What She Knew (2008)
• The Love Guru (2008)
• 17 Again (2009)
• Away We Go (2009)
• The Slammin' Salmon (2009)
• It's Kind of a Funny Story (2010)
• Going the Distance (2010)

Selected television appearances[link]

• Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist (voice)
• Random Play (VH1 Comedy Sketch Series) (1997–1999)
• Law & Order (1998 and 2009)
• Welcome to New York (2000–2001)
• Sex and the City (2001)
• Friends
• The Ellen Show (2001–2002)
• Hope & Faith (2003)
• Ed (2003–2004)
• That '70s Show (2003–2004)
• I Am Comic (2010)
• My Boys (2006–2010)
• Pale Force - Recurring animated short on Late Night with Conan O'Brien (voice)
• Law and Order: Criminal Intent (2002 & 2007)
• WordGirl (2007-present; voice of Mr. Dudley)
• Flight of the Conchords (2009)
• The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien (2009)
• The Daily Show with Jon Stewart (2009)
• Bored to Death (2010)
• Royal Pains (2011)
• Conan (2012)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Jim Gaffigan

• Official website
• Jim Gaffigan at the Internet Movie Database
• Jim Gaffigan on Twitter
• Jim Gaffigan on Myspace
• Pale Force episodes at NBC.com
• 'Getting Late' interview by Pete Dominick on Sirius Radio
• Sexyspeak with stand-up Jim Gaffigan