Hanzhong 汉中
—  Prefecture-level city  —
汉中市
Night view of the city
Coordinates: 33°04′N 107°01′E / 33.067°N 107.017°E / 33.067; 107.017Coordinates: 33°04′N 107°01′E / 33.067°N 107.017°E / 33.067; 107.017
Country	People's Republic of China
Province	Shaanxi
Government
• Mayor	Hu Runze (Chinese: 胡润泽)
• Party Secretary	Zhang Huimin (Chinese: 张会民)
Area
• Total	27,246 km2 (10,520 sq mi)
Elevation	511 m (1,677 ft)
Highest elevation	2,038 m (6,686 ft)
Population (2004)
• Total	3,700,000
• Density	140/km2 (350/sq mi)
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code	723000
Area code(s)	0916
Licence plates	陕F
Website	http://www.hanzhong.gov.cn

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

Hanzhong (simplified Chinese: 汉中; traditional Chinese: 漢中; pinyin: Hànzhōng; Wade–Giles: Hanchung) is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Shaanxi, People's Republic of China, occupying a historically significant valley in the mountains between the Xi'an area, home to many Chinese capitals, and the fertile but isolated Sichuan Basin. The total population in 2006 was approximately 3.74 million, residing in a municipal territory of 27,246 square kilometres (10,520 sq mi).^[1]

History[link]

Pre-Qin (before 220 BC)[link]

There are few references to Hanzhong before the Qin Dynasty's unification of China in 221 BC. The Book of History refers to an area called Liangzhou (Chinese: 梁州), while Sima Qian's book Records of the Grand Historian speaks of a "Bao [River] Kingdom" (Chinese: 褒國), both of which are believed to refer to the area now called Hanzhong.

The name Nanzheng (Chinese: 南鄭; literally "Southern Zheng") was used to refer to the area from the 8th century BC throughout much of its history. The ancient geographical treatise Shui Jing Zhu records that Lord Huan of Zheng, a local lord from the Western Zhou Dynasty, was slain in a battle with non-Chinese Rong people, and the citizens fled south to found a new settlement, giving rise to the area's name.^[2] Several Chinese scholars have expressed doubts about the story's accuracy, however.^[3]

Bao River (褒河)

Qin and Han (220 BC - 200 AD)[link]

The Qin Dynasty organized the area as Hanzhong Commandery, with a capital in what is now Nanzheng County, located just south of the modern Hanzhong urban area.^[4] After the Qin collapse in 207 BC, Liu Bang, who would later become the founding Emperor Gaozu of Han, was made lord of Hanzhong during the chaotic times of Xiang Yu, and spent several years there biding his time before later challenging Xiang for rule of China. After his eventual victory in 206 BC, Liu Bang followed Chinese custom in naming his dynasty after his native district, except that he chose Hanzhong instead of his actual home near modern-day Xuzhou in Jiangsu province.^[5] Hanzhong thus lent its name to the new Han Dynasty, and eventually to the entire Han Chinese ethnic group.

As the Han Dynasty gradually weakened in the 2nd century AD, non-Chinese peoples from the Ba region began attacking the Hanzhong area as they had in the past. The Han Dynasty lost control of the area, and Zhang Lu, supported by followers of the Taoist sect Way of the Celestial Masters, set up a de facto independent theocratic government that was active in the late 2nd century AD.^[6] After 30 years, Zhang Lu surrendered Hanzhong to the warlord Cao Cao after the Battle of Yangping.

Hanzhong played an important role during the Three Kingdoms period and its prelude. Liu Bei fled to the Sichuan Basin - which would later become the base of the state of Shu Han - and captured Hanzhong from Cao Cao's armies in the Hanzhong Campaign. Hanzhong controlled the main route for an army to invade the Sichuan Basin from the Chinese heartland, and thus saw many battles during the period. Much of this period of Hanzhong's history is retold in the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Ruins and landmarks of the Three Kingdoms era can still be found in Hanzhong, most notably the tomb of Shu Han chancellor Zhuge Liang.

Tang, Song, and Yuan (618 - 1368 AD)[link]

The city continued to operate during the next 400 years of often-chaotic politics between the end of the Han and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, though its name and bureaucratic designation changed often. In 784 AD, Emperor Dezong of Tang fled to Hanzhong amid a rebellion that temporarily seized control of the capital Chang'an (modern Xi'an). During the Northern Song Dynasty (960 - 1127 AD), Hanzhong's tax revenue trailed only regional capitals like Kaifeng and Chengdu, a testament to its economic status.

Ming, Qing, and Present (1368 AD - present)[link]

In 1331 AD, during the reign of Emperor Hongwu of Ming, extensive renovations were undertaken on Hanzhong's basic infrastructure, bringing the city largely into its present layout and form. Emperor Wanli (reigned 1572 - 1620 AD) set his fifth son Zhu Changhao (Chinese: 朱常浩) as a local king of Hanzhong. Changhao built a large, luxurious palace in what is now the Children's Park, and remnants of the palace can be found in the vicinity.^[7] The palace's Radiant Glass Wall (Chinese: 玻璃照壁) was demolished during road construction in 1935, though a 13.6-meter section has since been rebuilt on the eastern end of Sanpu Street (Chinese: 伞铺街; pinyin: Sǎnpù Jīe).

Zhu Changhao fled south to Sichuan in 1643 ahead of the army of Li Zicheng, abandoning his palace in Hanzhong which was quickly looted of anything of value by local residents. Conquering Qing Dynasty leaders later commented in writing of the stark contrast in the massive but empty palace.

Hanzhong was captured by the People's Liberation Army in December 1949 during the Communist Party of China's victory over the Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War.

Administration[link]

The municipal executive, legislature and judiciary are in Hantai District (汉台区), together with the CPC and Public Security bureaux.

Map
#	Name	Hanzi	Hanyu Pinyin	Population (2004 est.)	Area (km²)	Density (/km²)
1	Hantai District	汉台区	Hàntái Qū	530,000	556	954
2	Nanzheng County	南郑县	Nánzhèng Xiàn	550,000	2,849	193
3	Chenggu County	城固县	Chénggù Xiàn	510,000	2,265	225
4	Yang County	洋县	Yáng Xiàn	440,000	3,206	137
5	Xixiang County	西乡县	Xīxiāng Xiàn	400,000	3,204	125
6	Mian County	勉县	Miǎn Xiàn	420,000	2,406	175
7	Ningqiang County	宁强县	Níngqiáng Xiàn	330,000	3,243	102
8	Lueyang County	略阳县	Lüèyáng Xiàn	200,000	2,831	71
9	Zhenba County	镇巴县	Zhènbā Xiàn	280,000	3,437	81
10	Liuba County	留坝县	Liúbà Xiàn	50,000	1,970	25
11	Foping County	佛坪县	Fópíng Xiàn	30,000	1,279	23

Economy[link]

This section requires expansion.

Hanzhong is a major agricultural and trade center, with some sawmilling and light industry.

Military-industrial[link]

As a military program, 012 base have established since 1960s,is responsible for military transport aircraft and Air-to-air missile.

Geography[link]

Hanzhong is located in the southwestern Shaanxi province, near the border with Gansu and Sichuan Provinces, and is a part of the Shannan region. It sits in the centre of the Hanzhong Basin (汉中盆地), on the Han River. The Daba Mountains are perched to the south of the city; to the north lie the Qin Mountains, and for this reason, Hanzhong is geographically considered to be part of southern China. However, on administrative terms, as Shaanxi is officially part of Northwestern China, it is considered to be part of the Northwest.^[9][10] For more on the divisions between northern and southern China, see Northern and southern China.

The city's administrative area (prefecture) ranges in latitude from 33° 02' to 33° 22' N and in longitude from 106° 51' to 107° 10' E, and is 27,246 square kilometres (10,520 sq mi).^[11] The northern part of the prefecture is high while the southern part is generally low. Elevations range from around 500 metres (1,600 ft) in the urban area to 2,038 metres (6,686 ft) in the Qin Mountains.

Climate[link]

Hanzhong has a temperate and generally humid climate that is classified as humid subtropical (Köppen Cwa), with cool, damp winters and hot, humid summers. The daily average temperature in January is 2.4 °C (36.3 °F). The Qin Mountains to the north help shield the city from cold Siberian winds in the winter. As a result, it is not colder than similar-latitude locations further east in China, despite its elevation and inland location. In contrast, because of the elevation, summers are tempered, with average highs in July and August of around 30 °C (86 °F). The area is far more humid than central and northern Shaanxi, with 850 millimetres (33 in) of precipitation annually, as compared to 550 millimetres (22 in) for Xi'an, the provincial capital.^[8]

Cityscape[link]

Panorama of southeastern Hanzhong.

Panorama of northern Hanzhong.

Transport[link]

Hanzhong is served by the Hanzhong Airport and Yangpingguan–Ankang Railway.

Education[link]

• [1] Shaanxi University of Technology
• [2] Hanzhong Middle School
• Hanzhong Shiyan Middle School is locate in Hanzhong
• [3] Hanzhong Qingnianlu Elementary School

Sights[link]

• Baijiang Platform
• Ancient Hutou Bridge

See also[link]

• Janssen Pharmaceutica

Notes and references[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hanzhong

• Hanzhong government website ([in English)
• Hanzhong (China) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia

Jay Park
Jay Park at the 2011 Mr. Idol press conference
Background information
Birth name	Park Jaebeom
Born	(1987-04-25) April 25, 1987 (age 25) Seattle, Washington, United States
Genres	Hip hop, R&B, pop, rap, dance, K-pop
Occupations	Singer, rapper, dancer, songwriter, composer, actor
Years active	2008–present
Labels	JYP Entertainment (2008–10) Sidus HQ (2010–present)
Associated acts	AOM, dok2, The Quiett, Prepix, Project Prepix Asia, Clara Chung, Dumbfoundead, Teddy Riley, Rob Knox
Website	jaypark.com

This article contains Korean text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hangul or Hanja.

Park Jaebeom (Hangul: 박재범; Hanja: 朴載範, born April 25, 1987), also known as Jay Park, is a Korean-American recording artist, dancer, rapper, music producer, b-boy, songwriter, composer and actor. He was the former leader of the South Korean boy band 2PM, and is a member of the Seattle-based b-boy crew Art of Movement (AOM).

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

Born in Seattle, Washington, Park showed great interest in hip hop music and breakdancing at a young age. Park was raised in Edmonds, Washington where he attended Edmonds Woodway High School. In 2004, he auditioned in Seattle, Washington, for Korea-based JYP Entertainment (JYPE), which brought him to Korea in January 2005, to receive further training in dancing, rapping, singing, and the Korean language.

2008–2009: 2PM[link]

Park first appeared through Mnet's Hot Blood Men, a documentary-style reality program that showed the future members of idol groups 2AM and 2PM in training. Park, finishing with the most fan votes, was given the position of 2PM's leader.^[1] On September 4, 2008, 2PM debuted with the song "10점 만점에 10점" ("10 Points Out Of 10") on music program M! Countdown after the release of their first mini-album, Hottest Time of the Day, a few days prior.

Aside from 2PM's music activities, Park created the song "正" ("Jeong") with Yeeun of the Wonder Girls for the television drama "Conspiracy in the Court"'s original soundtrack, and V.O.S's "To Luv...".^[2] He also participated in special stage performances such as Navi's "마음이 다쳐서" ("Heart Damage") on May 3, 2009,^[3] and K.Will's "1초에 한방울" ("One Drop per Second") on June 20, 2009.^[4] He also became a regular cast member in several variety programs, including Star King and Introducing a Star's Friend.^[5] In August 2009, he and Kara band member, Nicole Jung, became the new hosts for a cultural variety show called Nodaji.^[6]

On September 4, 2009, unfavorable comments towards Korea were found on Park’s personal Myspace account from 2005. The comments, written in English to a friend, were translated by Korean media, quickly spreading across hundreds of news articles. In this letter, he explained the unhappiness that he experienced during his early days as a trainee in an unfamiliar country where he lacked family, the ability to easily communicate and an understanding of the culture.^[7] Although outraged protesters demanded that Park should be removed from 2PM, JYP Entertainment's CEO, Park Jin-young, stated on September 7, 2009, that he was going to continue as a part of the group.^[8]

The following day, Park announced on his official fancafe that he would be leaving the group for a while to calm the situation and return to his hometown Seattle, Washington. He also apologized to the other 2PM members, and promised "I will come back a better person."^[9] However, Park Jin-young suddenly confirmed that 2PM would continue as a 6-member group.^[10] Additionally, due to the sensitive topic of Park's departure, all 2PM members were withdrawn from their regular appearances on variety shows,^[11] and the final episode of their reality show, Wild Bunny, was postponed indefinitely.^[12]

The remaining 6 members of 2PM re-filmed their music video for "Heartbeat" without Park on October 31, 2009. According to management, Park's vocals would not be removed from the older songs he promoted with 2PM, but he would be absent from the newer tracks.^[13]

2PM's first official album was titled 1:59PM, to symbolize Park's absence (according to the 6 remaining members).^[14] Through their acceptance speeches at end-of-year award shows for "Again & Again", the members thanked Park and reiterated their wish for his return. At the Mnet Asian Music Awards, the group paid homage to him during their performance of "Again & Again" with a spotlight shown over his usual position in the dance formation and his lines left unsung.^[15][16]

[edit] 2010: YouTube, Solo career, and Nothin' on You

After Park returned to the United States, fans changed their perspective on the matter when they realized that his Myspace messages had been severely mistranslated and taken out of context. However, on February 25, 2010, JYP suddenly announced that Park's contract with them had been terminated, citing separate "personal mistake" that Park had made some time in 2010.^[17] JYP would make reference to this unknown mistake several times in 2010, yet never giving details even when Park's current agency insisted they reveal whatever it is they are hiding. Boycotts on 2PM-endorsed products and protests for Park's return to the group began to take place, not only in South Korea, but internationally as well.^[18] Various Jay Park-dedicated forums and fansites all over the world organized silent protests and flash dance mobs.^[19]

On several instances, Park was the number one trending topic on Twitter, even topping the Oscars on March 8, 2010.^[20] Park's fanbase revealed that they plan to release a self-produced album in his honor on March 27, 2010, to commemorate the 200th day anniversary of his departure from Korea.^[21] However, because the album had been prepared since January, during the time where public opinion on 2PM had changed, the fans decided it would be in the best interest to not release the CDs, instead mailing 10-20 copies to Park's hometown in Seattle.^[22]

On March 15, 2010, Park created his own YouTube channel, "jayparkaom". His first post was a video where he sings a rendition of "Nothin' on You" (with his own rap and lyrics) in his bathroom.^[23][24] The video went viral and reached over 2,000,000 views in less than 24 hours. In Korea, the original song by B.o.B and Bruno Mars topped the Cyworld background music chart in a matter of hours upon the video's release.^[25] "Nothin' on You" also reached #1 on other music sites such as Dosirak, Melon, Mnet, Bugs, and Soribada, profiting $300,000 in sales through the effects of Park's video.^[26] On his 'About Me' page, Park left a message thanking his fans for their support. He also encouraged fans not to hate remaining 2PM members on his behalf.^[27]

In April 2010, he appeared with fellow Art of Movement members at an annual Korean American festival event called Project Korea III: KSA Cinderella Story at Rutgers University, New Jersey, on April 3, 2010.^[28] Videos of the event were uploaded onto internet portal sites, where footage of Park acting as an MC and dancing to Beyonce's "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" on stage drew much positive interest.^[29]

On April 24, 2010, Dumbfoundead released a collaboration track featuring Park and Clara Chung on his website, titled "Clouds".^[30] On September 5, 2010, Park participated in the 3rd International Secret Agents Los Angeles concert held in Cerritos, California, together with well-known YouTube celebrities such as Nigahiga, KevJumba, AJ Rafael, Alyssa Bernal, Far East Movement, and America's Best Dance Crew Season 5 champions, Poreotix. Park's performance drew many positive responses.^[31][32]

On June 18, 2010, Park returned to Korea through Incheon International Airport, to the biggest crowd ever at the airport.^[33] "Park Jaebeom has returned" became the biggest headline in Korea that day. "JayIsBack" shot up immediately on the trending topics on Twitter on June 18 at 9:30 AM GMT.^[34] Pictures of Park in Hype Nation were released on July 2,^[35] and Park was able to meet with the Korean media for interviews for the first time, talking about his current activities.^[36] It was also revealed that his single "Demon" would be included in Hype Nation's original soundtrack.^[37]

On July 8, 2010, it was reported that Park will sign a contract with Sidus HQ for his domestic Korean activities in terms of acting and singing,^[38] where his management states that he plans to redebut as a rookie artist.^[39] The contract with Sidus HQ was finalized on July 16, 2010.^[40]

Park released a single album titled 믿어줄래 ("Count On Me") containing 3 tracks, including a rearranged Korean version of "Nothin' on You", on July 13, 2010.^[41][42] The English and Korean lyrics were written by Park himself.^[43] The song immediately reached #1 on Cyworld and Bugs music charts, and also on other music sites as Monkey3, Soribada, Dosirak, and Melon within the hour of its release.^[44] The single album sold 21,989 physical copies on the first day of release, coming in at #1 in sales and #7 in the overall ranking of albums released from January 2010 to July 13, 2010. With more than 41,316 copies sold at the end of 2010 making the album place at #32 on Gaon's ^[45] year end chart, Park earned approximately 700 million won from his single album, which placed him at #3 in the overall annual ranking of album released until at the end of July 2010.^[46]

Park was cast for the 2011 Korean movie Mr Idol.^[47]

On October 10, 2010, Park was one of the performers alongside SE7EN, Taeyang, Musiq Soulchild at the Seoul Soul Festival held at the War Memorial of Korea. Park and Musiq Soulchild also performed a duet song titled "Love" at the festival.^[48]

[edit] 2011: Take A Deeper Look and rise as a solo artist

On January 6, 2011, Park was announced as the winner in "Best Web Video" Category around the globe for his song "Nothin' on You" at the Mashable Awards. He also has been nominated in ‘Must Follow Personality’ category and finished 2nd.^[49]

Park was chosen to be the sole opener for Ne-Yo in his first concert in Seoul for the "2011 Hyundai Mall 40th Anniversary Concert" held on March 29, 2011. He also cooperated with Ne-Yo for a charity event for children dreaming to become musicians on March 28 at the Dream Academy in Seoul.^[50]

On March 28, 2011, Park was a finalist and received the most votes in the special category 'Connecting People Award', a joint venture between Shorty Awards and Nokia. Park also was a finalist in the 'Celebrity' category at the same event.^[51]

Park released his first Korean mini-album, Take A Deeper Look, in April 2011, with the title track "Abandoned".^[52] Take A Deeper Look debuted at #3 in the Billboard World Album Charts and ranked #26 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums Chart.^[53] Park also made his debut stage on Korean music shows such as KBS Music Bank, Mnet M! Countdown, MBC Music Core and SBS Inkigayo for the first time in 2 years as a solo artist. Park made history as the first artist crowned winner at a debut stage, as he won Music Bank on May 6 on his first debut stage on Korean music shows.^[54][55] He won Music Bank again on May 13, 2011.

On August 6, 2011, Park participated in his first KBS Immortal Song 2 episode. He performed "Candy" by H.O.T. with Moon Hee-joon. He had won his round and received 2nd place overall on his first episode. Park followed up with his own R&B rendition of "Aemo" by Kim Soo-hee on the next episode. His remix was well received. On his third episode of Immortal Song 2, Park performed "Tell Me the Truth" by Jinusean with Solbi, Jang Hyuk and Kim Sooro. That performance won Park the competition for that episode, allowing him to choose the order for the next episode. For his fourth episode, Park again made his own R&B version of "Feel Good Day" by Kim Wan-sun. On his fifth episode, Park performed a remixed version of "Look Back at Me" by Deux, where he received attention from his fellow castmates for his incredible and dangerous b-boy moves. On his sixth episode and final appearance on the show, he performed "Dear, Do Not Change" by Nam Jin and won the last trophy.^[56] It was revealed that Park will return to Immortal Song 2 for a special episode "King of Kings" with other singers that have claimed the #1 spot. This special episode will record November 7 at the KBS Open Hall and air November 19.

On September 5, 2011, the single "Demon" was released through various Korean digital music websites.^[57] The music video was also finally released on the same day to negative reviews, and Park apologized, saying he had no control over the release of both the music video and the song.^[58]

On October 1, 2011, Park returned to the USA to perform in the International Secret Agents Los Angeles concert..^[59][60]

On October 29, 2011, Park delivered a performance to over 25,000 fans as he headlined the MTV EXIT (End Exploitation and Trafficking) Live in Manila Concert held at the SM Mall of Asia. The concert also featured Californian alternative rock band, Evaline, and international singer/songwriter, Jason Mraz.^[61]

On November 3, 2011, Park released his single "Girlfriend". The song was produced by American producers Da Beat Freakz.

On December 28, 2011, Park released Part 1 of his first full-length Korean album, New Breed.^[62]

[edit] 2012-present: New Breed

Park was chosen by KT Tech to be the official model of TakeHD, a new smartphone by the brand.^[63][64]

On January 11, 2012, Park received the Disk Bonsang for his mini album Take A Deeper Look on the first day of the 26th Golden Disk Awards, which was held in Osaka. He was the only solo artist to receive the Disk Bonsang among the other Bonsang winners.^[65] On January 18, 2012, he received the Popular Artist Award of the Asia Model Awards, which was held in Seoul.^[66][67][68]

Songs composed and written by Park for others artists were released in 2012. Park produced and composed a song with Cha Cha Malone for Korean-American singer Brian Joo, titled "Can't Stop", for his new EP, ReBorn Part 1.^[69][70][71] Park wrote the Korean version of the song^[70], while Joo wrote the English Version^[71]. On April 25, 2012, Park's 25th birthday, idol group U-KISS released their 6th mini-album, DoraDora, which includes the track "4U" written and composed by Park.^[72] Park also produced and composed a song for upcoming girl group Tiny-G, "Polaris". The lyrics are written by actress Lee Si Young. They worked together as a couple through MBC Music and Lyrics.^[73][74]

Park released his first full-length Korean album, New Breed, in February 2012, with the title track "Know Your Name".^[75] The album reached #1 twice on the Gaon Weekly album chart in South Korea,^[76][77] and also reached #1 on the Hanteo Weekly chart by solding more than 80000 copies offline.^[78][79] New Breed debuted at #4 in the Billboard World Album Charts and ranked #16 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums Chart.^[80] Park made his comeback stage on Korean music shows on February 16, 2012. He won Music Bank on February 24, 2012, one week after his comeback.^[81]

On March 3, 2012, Park held his first solo concert, New Breed Live in Seoul, at the Olympic Hall of Seoul Olympic Park.^[82]

On April 23, 2012, Park has been selected as the "R-16 KOREA 2012" (B-Boy) ambassador by the Korea Tourism Organization.^[83]

On April 27, 2012, Park began Asian promotions for the Asian version release of his album New Breed, and will visit 5 countries : Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Japan. On April 28, 2012, Park performed at the Star Awards in Singapore.^[83] On June 13, 2012, Park will release the Japan editions of his albums Take A Deeper Look and New Breed through Universal J. The regular edition of New Breed will contain the English version of "I Love You" as a bonus track.^[84]

Park headlined the APAHM tour organized by Verizon in the USA in May 2012. The tour made stops in Washington DC on May 18, New York on May 21, San Francisco on May 24 and Los Angeles on May 26.^[85][86] On May 16, 2012, Park released his first mixtape, Fresh A!r: Breathe !t^[87][88][89], containing songs he will perform for the APAHM tour.^[90][91][92] The mixtape was released for free on Park's Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, official website, Datpiff and SoundCloud.

Discography[link]

Filmography[link]

Notable appearances

• Hot Blood Men (2007)
• Idol Show (2008)
• Star King (2008)
• Wild Bunny (2009)
• Word of the Day - Bromance (2010) - A short skit alongside Ryan Higa and Philip Wang (Wong Fu Productions) .
• Dramatic (2011) - First episode aired.
• Mr. 아이돌 (Mr. Idol) (2011)
• Immortal Song 2 (2011-12) - A regular cast member for parts of 2011 and 2012.
• Music & Lyrics (2012) - with actress Lee Si-young.

Awards[link]

Music Programs[link]

References[link]