North Mesopotamian Arabic (also known as Maslawi meaning 'of Mosul') is a variety of Arabic spoken north of the Hamrin Mountains in Iraq, in western Iran, northern Syria, and in southeastern Turkey (in the eastern Mediterranean Region, Southeastern Anatolia Region, and southern Eastern Anatolia Region).^[2] Like Iraqi Arabic and Syrian Arabic, it shows some signs of an Aramaic substrate.^[3]

Cypriot Arabic shares a large number of common features with Mesopotamian Arabic;^[4] particularly the northern variety, and has been reckoned as belonging to this dialect area.^[5]

See also[link]

• Iraqi Arabic
• Cypriot Arabic

References[link]

External links[link]

• Ethnologue entry for North Mesopotamian Arabic

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Iraqi Arabic
عراقية ʿIrāqī
Pronunciation	[ɪˈrɑːki]
Spoken in	Iraq  Syria  Iran  Turkey
Region	Mesopotamia Armenia Cilicia
Native speakers	15.1 million  (no date)[1]
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Semitic Central Semitic Arabic Mesopotamian Arabic Iraqi Arabic
Dialects	Baghdadi Khuzestani Maslawi
Writing system	Arabic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3	acm
This page contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters.

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Khuzestani Arabic. (Discuss) Proposed since August 2011.

Iraqi Arabic is a continuum of mutually intelligible Arabic varieties native to the Mesopotamian basin of Iraq as well as spanning into central and northern Syria,^[2] western Iran,^[2] southeastern Turkey,^[3] and spoken in respective Iraqi diaspora communities.

Varieties[link]

Iraqi Arabic has two major varieties. A distinction is recognised between Mesopotamian Gelet Arabic and Mesopotamian Qeltu Arabic, the appellations deriving from the form of the word for "I said".^[4]

The southern (Gelet) group includes a Tigris dialect cluster, of which the best-known form is Baghdadi Arabic, and a Euphrates dialect cluster, known as Furati (Euphrates Arabic). The Gelet variety is also spoken in the Khuzestan Province of Iran.^[2]

The northern (Qeltu) group includes the north Tigris dialect cluster, also known as North Mesopotamian Arabic or Maslawi (Mosul Arabic), as well as both Jewish and Christian sectarian dialects (such as Baghdad Jewish Arabic).

Due to Iraq's inherent multiculturalism as well as history, Iraqi Arabic in turn bears extensive borrowings in its lexicon from Aramaic, Akkadian, Persian, Kurdish and Turkish.

Distribution[link]

Both the Gelet and the Qeltu varieties of Iraqi Arabic are spoken in Syria,^[2][3] the former is spoken on the Euphrates east of Aleppo, and the latter is spoken in the Upper Khabur area and across the border in Turkey.^[3]

Cypriot Arabic shares a large number of common features with Mesopotamian Arabic;^[5] particularly the northern variety, and has been reckoned as belonging to this dialect area.^[6]

History[link]

Aramaic was the lingua franca in Mesopotamia from the early 1st millennium BCE until the late 1st millennium CE, and as may be expected; Iraqi Arabic shows signs of an Aramaic substrate.^[7] The Gelet variety has retained features of Babylonian Aramaic.^[7]

References[link]

• H. Blanc. 1964. Communal Dialects in Baghdad. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.

External links[link]

• Iraqi Arabic at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)

v t e Arabic عربي Overviews Language Alphabet History Romanization Numerology Influence on other languages Alphabet Arabic numerals Eastern numerals Arabic braille Diacritics Hamza Tāʾ marbūṭah Letters ʾAlif Bāʾ Tāʾ Ṯāʾ Ǧīm Ḥāʾ Ḫāʾ Dāl Ḏāl Rāʾ Zayn Sīn Šīn Ṣād Ḍād Ṭāʾ Ẓāʾ ʿAyn Ġayn Fāʾ Qāf Kāf Lām Mīm Nūn Hāʾ Wāw Yāʾ Eras Ancient North Arabian Classical Modern Notable varieties Standardized Modern Standard Arabic Regional Egyptian Iraqi Levantine Maghrebi Sudanese Arabian Yemeni Ethnic/Religious Judeo-Arabic Academic Literature Names Linguistics Phonology Sun and moon letters ʾIʿrāb (inflection) Grammar Triliteral root Mater lectionis IPA Quranic Arabic Corpus

v t e  Iraq topics Society Iraqi people · Iraqi diaspora · Demographics · Minorities (Kurds · Assyrians · Turkmen · Mandaeans) · Languages (Arabic · Kurdish · Aramaic · Turkmen) · Religion (Islam · Christianity · Mandaeism) · Culture · Cuisine · Music · Education · Health · Sports History Ancient Iraq (Sumer · Akkadian Empire · Babylonia · Assyria · Neo-Assyrian Empire · Neo-Babylonian Empire · Achaemenid Assyria · Seleucid Babylonia · Parthian Babylonia · Sassanid Asuristan) · Islamic conquest of Iraq · Abbasid Caliphate · Ottoman Iraq · Mandatory Mesopotamia · Kingdom of Iraq · Arab Federation · Iraqi Republic (1958–1968) · Ba'athist Iraq · U.S. occupation · Republic of Iraq (2011-present) Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party · Saddam Hussein · Kurdish–Iraqi conflict · Iran–Iraq War · Invasion of Kuwait · Gulf War · Sanctions · Iraq War (Invasion · Iraqi insurgency) Economy Iraqi Dinar · Stock Exchange · Central Bank · Oil reserves · Media Infrastructure Communications · Transportation · Schools · Hospitals · Roads · Reconstruction Government Constitution · Legislative branch · Executive branch (President · Cabinet · Prime Minister) · Judiciary · Law · Police · Iraqi Armed Forces (Army · Air Force · Navy) Politics Political parties · Elections · Minority politics · Foreign relations · Human rights · Foreign aid · War conflicts Geography Mesopotamia · Tigris · Euphrates · Provinces · Districts · Notable Places · Syrian Desert · Zagros Mountains · Hamrin Mountains · Umm Qasr · Al-Faw Peninsula · Shatt al-Arab · Al-Jazira · Mesopotamian Marshes · Lake Habbaniyah · Lake Tharthar · Lake Hammar · Lake Milh · Islands

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