Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

• Algebra
• Calculus
• Geometry
• Topology
• Trignometry
• Combinatorics
• Logic
• Number theory

Applied mathematics

• Dynamical systems and differential equations
• Mathematical physics
• Computing
• Information theory and signal processing
• Probability and statistics
• Game theory
• Operations research

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• Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Linear Equations
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• Computational Mathematics
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• 
  

• 
  Columbia University
  Columbia University in the City of New York, commonly referred to as Columbia University, is an American private Ivy League research university located in New York City, New York, United States. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. Today the university operates seven Columbia Global Centers overseas in Amman, Beijing, Istanbul, Paris, Mumbai, Santiago and Nairobi.
  The university was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. After the American Revolutionary War, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. The University now operates under a 1787 charter that places the institution under a private board of trustees, and in 1896 it was further renamed Columbia University. That same year, the university's campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its location in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, where it occupies more than six city blocks, or 32 acres (0.13 km²). The university encompasses twenty schools and is affiliated with numerous institutions, including Teachers College, Barnard College, and the Union Theological Seminary, with joint undergraduate programs available through the Jewish Theological Seminary of America as well as the Juilliard School.
  
  wn.com/Columbia_University
• 
  European Parliament
  The European Parliament (abbreviated as Europarl or the EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the Council) and the European Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU and it has been described as one of the most powerful legislatures in the world. The Parliament is currently composed of 754 Members of the European Parliament, who represent the second largest democratic electorate in the world (after the Parliament of India) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).
  It has been directly elected every five years by universal suffrage since 1979. However, turnout at European Parliament elections has fallen consecutively at each election since that date, and has been under 50% since 1999. Turnout in 2009 stood at 43% of all European voters, ranging from 90% in Luxembourg and Belgium (where compulsory voting is used) to 20% in Slovakia. Turnout was under 50% in 18 out of 27 member states.
  
  wn.com/European_Parliament
• 
  Google China
  Coordinates: 39°59′34″N 116°19′24″E / 39.99278°N 116.32333°E / 39.99278; 116.32333
  Google China
  is a subsidiary of Google, Inc., the world's largest Internet search engine company. Google China ranks as the number 2 search engine in the People's Republic of China, after Baidu. In 2010, searching via all Google search sites, including Google Mobile, were moved from Mainland China to Hong Kong.
  Google China was founded in 2005 and was originally headed by Kai-Fu Lee, a former Microsoft executive and the founder in 1998 of Microsoft Research Asia. Microsoft sued Google and Kai-Fu Lee for the move, but reached a confidential settlement. Google's Beijing based office was initially located at NCI Tower.
  In 2005, a Chinese-language interface was developed for the google.com website. In Jan 2006, Google launched its China-based google.cn search page with results subject to censorship by the Chinese government.
  The Beijing office was moved to Tsinghua Science Park in early 2006. The newest office has been in use since September 2006. It is a 10-floor building located in Tsinghua Science Park, near the south gate of Tsinghua University.
  
  wn.com/Google_China
• IE Business School
  IE Business School is a graduate school located in Madrid, Spain. It was founded in 1973 with the name Instituto de Empresa, and is owned and controled by Instituto de Empresa S.L. (a for profit firm registered under the number B82334319 in the Madrid, which in turn is owned by holding firm Azalvaro S.L., whose shares belong almost completely to Mr. Diego Alcázar Silvela)
  According to Financial Times IE has one of the most competitive MBA programs in the world offering both full-time and executive MBA programs. Forbes ranked the MBA program 3rd worldwide in 2011. The Executive MBA program was ranked 1st worldwide by The Economist in 2010, 4th worldwide by America Economia in 2011, and 1st in Europe by Wallstreet Journal in 2010. Bloomberg BusinessWeek ranked IE 3rd worldwide in their non-US school ranking in 2010. The Master in Finance program offered by the school is one of the most competitive worldwide, and it was ranked number 2 globally by the Financial Times 2011 Masters in Finance ranking.
  
  wn.com/IE_Business_School
• 
  Michigan
  Michigan (ⁱ/ˈmɪʃɨɡən/) is a state located in the Great Lakes region of the Midwestern United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word mishigamaa, meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan is the 8th most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area. Its capital is Lansing, and the largest city is Detroit. Michigan was admitted into the Union on January 26, 1837 as the 26th state.
  Michigan has the longest freshwater coastline of any political subdivision in the world, being bounded by four of the five Great Lakes, plus Lake Saint Clair. Michigan is one of the leading U.S. states for recreational boating. The state has 64,980 inland lakes and ponds. A person in the state is never more than six miles (9.7 km) from a natural water source or more than 85 miles (137 km) from a Great Lakes shoreline. It is the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River.
  Michigan is the only state to consist of two peninsulas. The Lower Peninsula, to which the name Michigan was originally applied, is often noted to be shaped like a mitten. The Upper Peninsula (often referred to as "the U.P.") is separated from the Lower Peninsula by the Straits of Mackinac, a five-mile (8 km) channel that joins Lake Huron to Lake Michigan. The two peninsulas are connected by the Mackinac Bridge. The Upper Peninsula is economically important due to its status as a tourist destination. There is also a variety of natural resources to be found there, including a sizable amount of iron ore.
  
  wn.com/Michigan
• 
  Stanford University
  Coordinates: 37°26′N 122°10′W / 37.43°N 122.17°W / 37.43; -122.17
  The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is an American private research university located in Stanford, California on an 8,180-acre (3,310 ha) campus near Palo Alto, California, United States. It is situated in the northwestern Silicon Valley, approximately 20 miles (32 km) northwest of San Jose and 37 miles (60 km) southeast of San Francisco.
  Leland Stanford, a Californian railroad tycoon and politician, and his wife Jane Lathrop Stanford founded the university in 1891 in honor of their son, Leland Stanford, Jr., who died of typhoid two months before his 16th birthday. The university was established as a coeducational and nondenominational institution, but struggled financially after the senior Stanford's 1893 death and after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Following World War II, Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would become known as Silicon Valley. By 1970, Stanford was home to a linear accelerator, was one of the original four ARPANET nodes, and had transformed itself into a major research university in computer science, mathematics, natural sciences, and social sciences.
  
  wn.com/Stanford_University
• 
  World Wide Web
  The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the Web, or the "Information Superhighway"), is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text, images, videos, and other multimedia, and navigate between them via hyperlinks.
  Using concepts from his earlier hypertext systems like ENQUIRE, British engineer and computer scientist Sir Tim Berners-Lee, now Director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), wrote a proposal in March 1989 for what would eventually become the World Wide Web. At CERN, a European research organization near Geneva situated on Swiss and French soil, Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use hypertext "... to link and access information of various kinds as a web of nodes in which the user can browse at will", and they publicly introduced the project in December.
  In the May 1970 issue of Popular Science magazine Arthur C. Clarke was reported to have predicted that satellites would one day "bring the accumulated knowledge of the world to your fingertips" using a console that would combine the functionality of the Xerox, telephone, television and a small computer, allowing data transfer and video conferencing around the globe. Clarke also determined that geosyncronous orbit would be possible at the altitude of 22,000 miles, which is why that region is called the Clarke Belt.
  
  wn.com/World_Wide_Web

• 
  Al Gore
  Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. (born March 31, 1948) served as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993–2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President and won the popular vote in the 2000 U.S. presidential election.
  Gore is currently an author and environmental activist. He has founded a number of non-profit organizations, including the Alliance for Climate Protection, and has received a Nobel Peace Prize for his work in climate change activism.
  Gore was previously an elected official for 24 years, representing Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives (1977–85), and later in the U.S. Senate (1985–93), and finally becoming Vice President in 1993. In the 2000 presidential election, Gore won the popular vote by a margin of more than 500,000 votes. However, he ultimately lost the Electoral College to Republican George W. Bush when the U.S. Supreme Court settled the legal controversy over the Florida vote recount by ruling 5-4 in favor of Bush. It was the only time in history that the Supreme Court has determined the outcome of a presidential election.
  
  wn.com/Al_Gore
• Ann Mather
  Ann Mather is member of the Board of Directors of Google and Netflix. She previously served a director at Zappos.com (acquired by Amazon.com in 2009) and Shopping.com (acquired by eBay in 2005).
  She has served as a Director of Central European Media Enterprises since April 2004. Mather was formerly Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and Company Secretary of Pixar Studios from September 1999 to April 2004.
  Prior to joining Pixar, Ms. Mather was Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer at Village Roadshow Pictures, and held various executive positions at the Walt Disney Company in Los Angeles from 1993 to 1999, including Senior Vice President of Finance and Administration for its Buena Vista International Theatrical Division. From 1992 to 1993 she worked for Disney in Paris to help start the international theatrical distribution arm in ten European countries. Ms. Mather also held various executive positions in Europe before joining Disney, including Alico (a division of AIG, later acquired by MetLife), and Paramount Pictures. While at Paramount from 1984 to 1988, she worked in London, Amsterdam and New York. Prior to working for Paramount, she was based in London, where she worked for KPMG from 1981 to 1984.
  
  wn.com/Ann_Mather
• Carrie Southworth
  Carrie Southworth is an American actress and model who portrayed Dr. Claire Simpson on the SOAPnet prime time serial General Hospital: Night Shift in 2008. She is also the co-founder of www.twigtale.com - a personalized children's book company launched in 2011.
  Southworth majored in economics at the University of Virginia, and started modeling for Elite Model Management at age 17. In a 2008 interview, Southworth noted, "After I graduated with my economics degree, I had a choice between modeling and working on the bond trading floor at Chase Manhattan Bank ... The bank was boring, so I went back to modeling. That led to acting, and here I am!"
  In 2008 Southworth landed the contract role of new medical intern Dr. Claire Simpson in the second season of General Hospital: Night Shift, a prime time spin-off of the ABC Daytime soap opera General Hospital. The 13-episode limited series aired from July 22, 2008 to October 14, 2008. As of March 2008, the first season of Night Shift was "SOAPnet's most-watched series ever." Southworth's character also headlined an online series of webisodes called Night Shift: Claire & Kyle, with her Night Shift co-star Adam Grimes in his role of Dr. Kyle Julian. The actress had also appeared on General Hospital itself for three episodes in 2006 in the role of Dr. Gwen Miller, a minor love interest for one of the later contract roles on Night Shift, Jason Thompson's Dr. Patrick Drake.
  
  wn.com/Carrie_Southworth
• 
  Eric Schmidt
  Eric Emerson Schmidt (born April 27, 1955) is an American software engineer, businessman and the current executive chairman of Google. From 2001 to 2011, he served as the chief executive of Google.
  Additionally, Schmidt was a former member on the board of directors for Apple Inc. and sat on the boards of trustees for both Carnegie Mellon University and Princeton University.
  Along with Mike Lesk, Schmidt co-authored the lex analysis software program for the Unix computer operating system.
  Schmidt was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Blacksburg, Virginia, United States. After graduating from Yorktown High School, Schmidt attended Princeton University where he earned a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1976. At the University of California, Berkeley, he earned an MS in 1979 for designing and implementing a network linking the campus computer center, the CS and the EECS departments, and a PhD in 1982 in EECS with a dissertation about the problems of managing distributed software development and tools for solving these problems. He was joint author of lex (a lexical analyzer and an important tool for compiler construction). He taught at Stanford Graduate School of Business as a part time professor.
  
  wn.com/Eric_Schmidt
• 
  John Battelle
  John Linwood Battelle (born November 4, 1965) is an entrepreneur, author and journalist. Best known for his work creating media properties, Battelle helped launch Wired in the 1990s and launched The Industry Standard during the dot-com boom. In 2005, he founded the online advertising network Federated Media Publishing, which now ranks as one of the top properties on the Web.
  His 2005 book, The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed Our Culture, described the history and impact of search engines and the late emergence of Google from a field of competitors.
  Battelle also co-founded and co-hosts the annual Web 2.0 Summit.
  Born in Pasadena, California, Battelle studied at Chandler School, Polytechnic School and the University of California, Berkeley, earning both a Bachelor of Arts in anthropology in 1987 and a master's degree in journalism in 1992. He went on to become chairman and CEO of Standard Media International, which launched The Industry Standard and its website, TheStandard.com, and was a co-founding editor of Wired magazine and its entrepreneurial arm, Wired Ventures.
  
  wn.com/John_Battelle
• 
  John Doerr
  L. John Doerr (born June 29, 1951 in St. Louis, Missouri) is an American venture capitalist at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers in Menlo Park, California, in Silicon Valley. In February 2009, Doerr was appointed as a member of the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board to provide the president and his administration with advice and counsel in fixing America's economic downturn.Forbes ranks Doerr as the 540th richest person in the world, with a net worth of US $2.2 billion.
  One of five siblings, Doerr graduated from Chaminade College Preparatory in St. Louis. He obtained a Bachelor of Science and master's degree in electrical engineering from Rice University and an MBA from Harvard University in 1976.^{[citation needed]}
  Doerr joined Intel Corporation in 1974 just as the firm was developing the 8080 8-bit microprocessor. He eventually became one of Intel's most successful salespeople. He also holds several patents for memory devices.^{[citation needed]}
  He joined Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers in 1980, and since then, has directed venture capital funding to some of the most successful technology companies in the world including Compaq, Netscape, Symantec, Sun Microsystems, drugstore.com, Amazon.com, Intuit, and Google, as well as Friendster, GO Corp., and others.
  
  wn.com/John_Doerr
• 
  Larry Page
  Lawrence "Larry" Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and internet entrepreneur who, with Sergey Brin, is best known as the co-founder of Google. On April 4, 2011, he took on the role of chief executive officer of Google, replacing Eric Schmidt. As of 2012^[update], his personal wealth is estimated to be $18.7 billion. He is the inventor of PageRank, which became the foundation of Google's search ranking algorithm. Together, Brin and Page own about 16 percent of the company's stake.
  Larry Page was born in Lansing, Michigan. His father, Carl Page, earned a Ph.D. in computer science in 1965 when the field was in its infancy, and is considered a "pioneer in computer science and artificial intelligence." Both he and Page's mother were computer science professors at Michigan State University. Gloria Page, his mother, is Jewish but he was raised without religion.
  Page attended the Okemos Montessori School (now called Montessori Radmoor) in Okemos, Michigan from 1975 to 1979, and graduated from East Lansing High School in 1991. He holds a Bachelor of Science in computer engineering from the University of Michigan with honors and a Master of Science in computer science from Stanford University. While at the University of Michigan, "Page created an inkjet printer made of Lego bricks" (actually a line plotter), served as the president of the Eta Kappa Nu in Fall 1994, and was a member of the 1993 "Maize & Blue" University of Michigan Solar Car team.
  
  wn.com/Larry_Page
• 
  Paul Otellini
  Paul S. Otellini (born October 12, 1950) is an American businessman current president and chief executive of Intel. He is also on the board of directors of Google.
  Paul S. Otellini born and raised in San Francisco, California, United States, his family is of Italian origin. Graduated from St. Ignatius College Preparatory. He holds a bachelor's degree in economics from the University of San Francisco in 1972. He received an MBA from the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley in 1974.
  Otellini joined Intel in 1974. From 1998 to 2002, he was executive vice president and general manager of the Intel Architecture Group, responsible for the company's microprocessor and chipset businesses and strategies for desktop, mobile and enterprise computing. From 1996 to 1998, Otellini served as executive vice president of sales and marketing and from 1994 to 1996 as senior vice president and general manager of sales and marketing.
  Previously, he served as general manager of the Microprocessor Products Group, leading the introduction of the Pentium microprocessor that followed in 1993. He also managed Intel's business with IBM Corporation, served as general manager of both the Peripheral Components Operation and the Folsom Microcomputer Division, where he was responsible for the company's chipset operations, and served as a technical assistant to then-Intel President Andrew Grove.
  
  wn.com/Paul_Otellini
• Rajen Sheth
  Rajen Sheth is a product manager of Google enterprise. The idea of Google's email service Gmail was pitched by Rajen in a meeting with CEO Eric Schmidt in 2004. Schmidt primarily rejected the proposal, and argued the division should focus on web search. But finally the proposal of creating Google's email service was accepted. He is known as "father of Google Apps. He is also responsible for development of Chrome and Chrome OS for Business.
  Rajen studied Computer Engineering (1994-1999) in Stanford University like Sergey Brin and Larry Page. He graduated with Electrical Engineering and got a master’s degree in Computer Engineering from Stanford University in 1999 and then joined Microsoft. At that time, Microsoft was reshaping their email service, Hotmail. After a year at Microsoft, he moved to a Silicon Valley startup known as Zaplet, where he built what he calls “future email technologies.” In 2004, he joined Google.
  
  wn.com/Rajen_Sheth
• 
  Ram Shriram
  Kavitark Ram Shriram is a board member of Google and one of the first investors in Google. He earlier served as an officer of Amazon.com working for Jeff Bezos, founder & CEO. Shriram came to Amazon.com in August, 1998, when Amazon acquired Junglee, an online comparison shopping firm of which Shriram was president. Before Junglee and Amazon, Shriram was a member of the Netscape executive team, joining them in 1994, before they shipped products or posted revenue.
  Shriram holds a Bachelor of Science Degree from Loyola College, Chennai of the University of Madras and an MBA from the University of Michigan's Ross School of Business. He is a founding board member of Google and 247customer.com. Shriram is also an investor in a global mobile Ad Network, InMobi, previously mKhoj. Shriram serves on the boards of StumbleUpon, Zazzle, Next Jump, Mevio and also serves on the advisory board of Naukri.com, a classifieds site in India which has leading marketplaces in jobs, matrimony and real estate serving the Indian market. He owned 3.4 million shares of Google. As of September 2007, Shriram owned 1.7 million shares of Google.
  
  wn.com/Ram_Shriram
• 
  Richard Branson
  Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (born 18 July 1950) is an English business magnate, best known for his Virgin Group of more than 400 companies.
  His first business venture was a magazine called Student at the age of 16. In 1970, he set up an audio record mail-order business. In 1972, he opened a chain of record stores, Virgin Records, later known as Virgin Megastores. Branson's Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s, as he set up Virgin Atlantic Airways and expanded the Virgin Records music label.
  Branson is the 4th richest citizen of the United Kingdom, according to the Forbes 2011 list of billionaires, with an estimated net worth of US$4.2 billion.
  Branson was born in Blackheath, London, the son and eldest child of barrister Edward James Branson (10 March 1918 – 19 March 2011) and Eve Huntley Branson (née Flindt). His grandfather, the Right Honourable Sir George Arthur Harwin Branson, was a judge of the High Court of Justice and a Privy Councillor. Branson was educated at Scaitcliffe School (now Bishopsgate School) until the age of thirteen. He then attended Stowe School until the age of sixteen. Branson has dyslexia and had poor academic performance as a student, but later discovered his ability to connect with others.
  
  wn.com/Richard_Branson
• 
  Sergey Brin
  Sergey Mikhaylovich Brin (Russian: Сергей Михайлович Брин; born August 21, 1973) is a Russian-American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur who, with Larry Page, co-founded Google, one of the most profitable Internet companies. As of 2012^[update], his personal wealth is estimated to be $18.7 billion. Together, Brin and Page own about 16 percent of the company's stake.
  Brin immigrated to the United States from the Soviet Union at the age of six. He earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Maryland, following in his father's and grandfather's footsteps by studying mathematics, as well as computer science. After graduation, he moved to Stanford University to acquire a Ph.D in computer science. There he met Larry Page, with whom he later became friends. They crammed their dormitory room with inexpensive computers and applied Brin's data mining system to build a superior search engine. The program became popular at Stanford and they suspended their PhD studies to start up Google in a rented garage.
  
  wn.com/Sergey_Brin
• 
  Terry Winograd
  Terry Allen Winograd (born February 24, 1946, Takoma Park, Maryland) is an American professor of computer science at Stanford University, and co-director of the Stanford Human-Computer Interaction Group. He is known within the philosophy of mind and artificial intelligence fields for his work on natural language using the SHRDLU program.
  SHRDLU was written as a PhD thesis at MIT in the years from 1968-70. In making the program Winograd was concerned with the problem of providing a computer with sufficient "understanding" to be able to use natural language. Winograd built a blocks world, restricting the program's intellectual world to a simulated "world of toy blocks". The program could accept commands such as, "Find a block which is taller than the one you are holding and put it into the box" and carry out the requested action using a simulated block-moving arm. The program could also respond verbally, for example, "I do not know which block you mean." The SHRDLU program can be viewed historically as one of the classic examples of how difficult it is for a programmer to build up a computer's semantic memory by hand and how limited or "brittle" such programs are.
  
  wn.com/Terry_Winograd
• Wikipedia Persondata
  wn.com/Wikipedia_Persondata

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