Name	K-1 Hercules '96
Promotion	K-1
Date	December 8, 1996
Venue	Rainbow Hall
City	Nagoya, Japan
Attendance	10,000
Previousevent	K-1 Star Wars '96
Followingevent	K-1 Kings '97

K-1 Hercules '96 was a kickboxing event promoted by K-1. It took place on Sunday, December 8, 1996 at the Rainbow Hall in Nagoya, Japan in front of 10,000 spectators. It was a showcase event, featuring seven 'Super Fights' fought under K-1 Rules, with the pick of the bouts involving reigning K-1 champion Andy Hug against local rising star Musashi. In total there were fourteen fighters at the event, representing nine countries.

==Results ==

Super Fights: K-1 Rules / 3Min. 5R :Nobuaki Kakuda vs Tsutomu Ueda :Kakuda defeated Ueda by KO (Right Hook) at 1:50 of the 1st Round

:Takeru vs Kirkwood Walker :Walker defeated Takeru by KO (Right Hook) at 1:05 of the 4th Round

:Andy Hug vs Musashi :Hug defeated Musashi by 5th Round Unanimous Decision (3-0)

:Sam Greco vs Jérôme Le Banner :Match resulted in a 5th Round Decision Draw

:Jean-Claude Leuyer vs Rob Kaman :Leuyer defeated Kaman by KO (Left Low Kick) at 0:43 of the 5th Round

:Ernesto Hoost vs Ray Sefo :Hoost defeated Sefo by KO (Right Low Kick) at 0:25 of the 4th Round

:Mike Bernardo vs Stan Longinidis :Match resulted in a 5th Round Decision Draw

See also

List of K-1 events

List of male kickboxers

List of kickboxing organizations

References

External links

K-1 Official Website

K-1 Hercules '96 on K-1 Channel

Category:K-1 events

Name	Saint Jerome
Birth date	c. 347
Death date	420
Feast day	30 September (Western Christianity)15 June (Eastern Christianity)
Venerated in	Roman Catholic ChurchEastern OrthodoxyAnglican CommunionLutheranismOriental Orthodoxy
Caption	Saint Jerome visited by angels by Bartolomeo Cavarozzi
Birth place	Stridon, on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia
Death place	Bethlehem, Judea
Titles	Priest, Confessor, and Doctor of the Church
Attributes	lion, cardinal attire, cross, skull, trumpet, owl, books and writing material
Patronage	archeologists; archivists; Bible scholars; librarians; libraries; school children; students; translators
Major shrine	Basilica of Saint Mary Major, Rome, Italy
Prayer	O Lord, show your mercy to me and gladden my heart. I am like the man on the way to Jericho who was overtaken by robbers, wounded and left for dead. O Good Samaritan, come to my aid, I am like the sheep that went astray. O Good Shepherd, seek me out and bring me home in accord with your will. Let me dwell in your house all the days of my life and praise you for ever and ever with those who are there.
Prayer attrib	Saint Jerome

St. Jerome (c. 347 – 30 September 420) (formerly Saint Hierom) (; ) was an Illyrian Catholic priest and apologist. He was the son of Eusebius, of the city of Stridon, which was on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia. He is best known for his translation of the Bible into Latin (the Vulgate), and his list of writings is extensive.

He is recognized by the Catholic Church as a saint and Doctor of the Church, and the Vulgate is still an important text in Catholicism. He is also recognized as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church, where he is known as St. Jerome of Stridonium or Blessed Jerome.

Life

Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus , known as St. Jerome, born at Stridon around 347, was not baptized until about 360 or 366, when he had gone to Rome with his friend Bonosus (who may or may not have been the same Bonosus whom Jerome identifies as his friend who went to live as a hermit on an island in the Adriatic) to pursue rhetorical and philosophical studies. He studied under the grammarian Aelius Donatus. There Jerome learned the Greek and Latin languages.

As a student in Rome, he engaged in the superficial activities of students there, which he indulged in quite casually but suffered terrible bouts of repentance afterwards. To appease his conscience, he would visit on Sundays the sepulchers of the martyrs and the Apostles in the catacombs. This experience would remind him of the terrors of hell.

Jerome used a quote from Vergil — “The horror and the silences terrified their souls” — to describe the horror of hell. Jerome initially used classical authors to describe Christian concepts such as hell that indicated both his classical education and his deep shame of their associated practices, such as pederasty. Although initially skeptical of Christianity, he was eventually converted. After several years in Rome, he travelled with Bonosus to Gaul and settled in Trier where he seems to have first taken up theological studies, and where he copied, for his friend Tyrannius Rufinus, Hilary of Poitiers' commentary on the Psalms and the treatise De synodis. Next came a stay of at least several months, or possibly years, with Rufinus at Aquileia, where he made many Christian friends.

Some of these accompanied him when he set out about 373 on a journey through Thrace and Asia Minor into northern Syria. At Antioch, where he stayed the longest, two of his companions died and he himself was seriously ill more than once. During one of these illnesses (about the winter of 373–374), he had a vision that led him to lay aside his secular studies and devote himself to God. He seems to have abstained for a considerable time from the study of the classics and to have plunged deeply into that of the Bible, under the impulse of Apollinaris of Laodicea, then teaching in Antioch and not yet suspected of heresy.

Seized with a desire for a life of ascetic penance, he went for a time to the desert of Chalcis, to the southwest of Antioch, known as the Syrian Thebaid, from the number of hermits inhabiting it. During this period, he seems to have found time for study and writing. He made his first attempt to learn Hebrew under the guidance of a converted Jew; and he seems to have been in correspondence with Jewish Christians in Antioch. Around this time he became interested in the Gospel according to the Hebrews, which he would later write was the true Gospel of Matthew.

Returning to Antioch in 378 or 379, he was ordained by Bishop Paulinus, apparently unwillingly and on condition that he continue his ascetic life. Soon afterward, he went to Constantinople to pursue a study of Scripture under Gregory Nazianzen. He seems to have spent two years there; the next three (382-385) he was in Rome again, attached to Pope Damasus I and the leading Roman Christians. Invited originally for the synod of 382, held to end the schism of Antioch, he made himself indispensable to the pope, and took a prominent place in his councils.

Among his other duties, he undertook a revision of the Latin Bible, to be based on the Greek New Testament. He also updated the Psalter then at use in Rome based on the Septuagint. Though he did not realize it yet, translating much of what became the Latin Vulgate Bible would take many years, and be his most important achievement (see Writings- Translations section below).

In Rome he was surrounded by a circle of well-born and well-educated women, including some from the noblest patrician families, such as the widows Lea, Marcella and Paula, with their daughters Blaesilla and Eustochium. The resulting inclination of these women to the monastic life, and his unsparing criticism of the secular clergy, brought a growing hostility against him among the clergy and their supporters. Soon after the death of his patron Damasus (10 December 384), Jerome was forced to leave his position at Rome after an inquiry by the Roman clergy into allegations that he had an improper relationship with the widow Paula.

Additionally, his condemnation of Blaesilla's hedonistic lifestyle had led her to adopt aescetic practices, but worsened her physical weakness to the point that she died just four months after starting to follow his instructions; much of the Roman populace were outraged at Jerome for causing the premature death of such a lively young woman, and his insistence to Paula that Blaesilla should not be mourned, and complaints that her grief was excessive, were seen as heartless, polarising Roman opinion against him.

In August 385, he returned to Antioch, accompanied by his brother Paulinianus and several friends, and followed a little later by Paula and Eustochium, who had resolved to end their days in the Holy Land. In the winter of 385, Jerome acted as their spiritual adviser. The pilgrims, joined by Bishop Paulinus of Antioch, visited Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and the holy places of Galilee, and then went to Egypt, the home of the great heroes of the ascetic life.

At the Catechetical School of Alexandria, Jerome listened to the catechist Didymus the Blind expounding the prophet Hosea and telling his reminiscences of Anthony the Great, who had died 30 years before; he spent some time in Nitria, admiring the disciplined community life of the numerous inhabitants of that "city of the Lord," but detecting even there "concealed serpents," i.e., the influence of Origen of Alexandria. Late in the summer of 388 he was back in Israel, and spent the remainder of his life in a hermit's cell near Bethlehem, surrounded by a few friends, both men and women (including Paula and Eustochium), to whom he acted as priestly guide and teacher. , showing St. Jerome's removal of a thorn from a lion's paw.]]

Amply provided by Paula with the means of livelihood and of increasing his collection of books, he led a life of incessant activity in literary production. To these last 34 years of his career belong the most important of his works; his version of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew text, the best of his scriptural commentaries, his catalogue of Christian authors, and the dialogue against the Pelagians, the literary perfection of which even an opponent recognized. To this period also belong most of his polemics, which distinguished him among the orthodox Fathers, including the treatises against the Origenism of Bishop John II of Jerusalem and his early friend Rufinus. As a result of his writings against Pelagianism, a body of excited partisans broke into the monastic buildings, set them on fire, attacked the inmates and killed a deacon, forcing Jerome to seek safety in a neighboring fortress (416).

Jerome died near Bethlehem on 30 September 420. The date of his death is given by the Chronicon of Prosper of Aquitaine. His remains, originally buried at Bethlehem, are said to have been later transferred to the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, though other places in the West claim some relics — the cathedral at Nepi boasting possession of his head, which, according to another tradition, is in the Escorial.

Translations and commentaries

, 1607, at St John's Co-Cathedral, Valletta, Malta]] Jerome was a scholar at a time when that statement implied a fluency in Greek. He knew some Hebrew when he started his translation project, but moved to Jerusalem to strengthen his grip on Jewish scripture commentary. A wealthy Roman aristocrat, Paula, funded his stay in a monastery in Bethlehem and he completed his translation there. He began in 382 by correcting the existing Latin language version of the New Testament, commonly referred to as the Vetus Latina. By 390 he turned to the Hebrew Bible, having previously translated portions from the Septuagint. He completed this work by 405. Prior to Jerome's Vulgate, all Latin translations of the Old Testament were based on the Septuagint. Jerome's decision to use a Hebrew text instead of the Septuagint went against the advice of most other Christians, including Augustine, who considered the Septuagint inspired. Modern scholarship, however, has cast doubts on the actual quality of Jerome's Hebrew knowledge; the Greek Hexapla is now considered as still the main source also for Jerome's "iuxta Hebraeos" translation of the Old Testament.

For the next 15 years, until he died, Jerome produced a number of commentaries on Scripture, often explaining his translation choices. His patristic commentaries align closely with Jewish tradition, and he indulges in allegorical and mystical subtleties after the manner of Philo and the Alexandrian school. Unlike his contemporaries, he emphasizes the difference between the Hebrew Bible "apocrypha" and the Hebraica veritas of the protocanonical books. Evidence of this can be found in his introductions to the Solomonic writings, the Book of Tobit, and the Book of Judith. Most notable, however, is the statement from his introduction to the Books of Samuel:

This preface to the Scriptures may serve as a helmeted [i.e. defensive] introduction to all the books which we turn from Hebrew into Latin, so that we may be assured that what is outside of them must be placed aside among the Apocryphal writings.

Jerome's commentaries fall into three groups:

His translations or recastings of Greek predecessors, including fourteen homilies on the Book of Jeremiah and the same number on the Book of Ezekiel by Origen (translated ca. 380 in Constantinople); two homilies of Origen of Alexandria on the Song of Solomon (in Rome, ca. 383); and thirty-nine on the Gospel of Luke (ca. 389, in Bethlehem). The nine homilies of Origen on the Book of Isaiah included among his works were not done by him. Here should be mentioned, as an important contribution to the topography of Israel, his book De situ et nominibus locorum Hebraeorum, a translation with additions and some regrettable omissions of the Onomasticon of Eusebius. To the same period (ca. 390) belongs the Liber interpretationis nominum Hebraicorum, based on a work supposed to go back to Philo and expanded by Origen.

Original commentaries on the Old Testament. To the period before his settlement at Bethlehem and the following five years belong a series of short Old Testament studies: De seraphim, De voce Osanna, De tribus quaestionibus veteris legis (usually included among the letters as 18, 20, and 36); Quaestiones hebraicae in Genesim; Commentarius in Ecclesiasten; Tractatus septem in Psalmos 10-16 (lost); Explanationes in Michaeam, Sophoniam, Nahum, Habacuc, Aggaeum. After 395 he composed a series of longer commentaries, though in rather a desultory fashion: first on Jonah and Obadiah (396), then on Isaiah (ca. 395-ca. 400), on Zechariah, Malachi, Hoseah, Joel, Amos (from 406), on the Book of Daniel (ca. 407), on Ezekiel (between 410 and 415), and on Jeremiah (after 415, left unfinished).

New Testament commentaries. These include only Philemon, Galatians, Ephesians, and Titus (hastily composed 387-388); Matthew (dictated in a fortnight, 398); Mark, selected passages in Luke, Revelation, and the prologue to the Gospel of John. Treating Revelation in his cursory fashion, he made use of an excerpt from the commentary of the North African Tichonius, which is preserved as a sort of argument at the beginning of the more extended work of the Spanish presbyter Beatus of Liébana. But before this he had already devoted to the Revelation another treatment, a rather arbitrary recasting of the commentary of Saint Victorinus, with whose chiliastic views he was not in accord, substituting for the chiliastic conclusion a spiritualizing exposition of his own, supplying an introduction, and making certain changes in the text.

The works of Hippolytus of Rome and Irenaeus greatly influenced Jerome's interpretation of prophecy. He noted the distinction between the original Septuagint and Theodotion's later substitution.

Jerome warned that those substituting false interpretations for the actual meaning of Scripture belonged to the “synagogue of the Antichrist”. “He that is not of Christ is of Antichrist,” he wrote to Pope Damasus I. He believed that “the mystery of iniquity” written about by Paul in 2 Thessalonians 2:7 was already in action when “every one chatters about his views.” To Jerome, the power restraining this mystery of iniquity was the Roman Empire, but as it fell this restraining force was removed. He warned a noble woman of Gaul:

“He that letteth is taken out of the way, and yet we do not realize that Antichrist is near. Yes, Antichrist is near whom the Lord Jesus Christ “shall consume with the spirit of his mouth.” “Woe unto them,” he cries, “that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days.”... Savage tribes in countless numbers have overrun run all parts of Gaul. The whole country between the Alps and the Pyrenees, between the Rhine and the Ocean, has been laid waste by hordes of Quadi, Vandals, Sarmatians, Alans, Gepids, Herules, Saxons, Burgundians, Allemanni, and—alas! for the commonweal!-- even Pannonians.

His Commentary on Daniel was expressly written to offset the criticisms of Porphyry, who taught that Daniel related entirely to the time of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and was written by an unknown individual living in the second century BC. Against Porphyry, Jerome identified Rome as the fourth kingdom of chapters two and seven, but his view of chapters eight and 11 was more complex. Jerome held that chapter eight describes the activity of Antiochus Epiphanes, who is understood as a "type" of a future antichrist; 11:24 onwards applies primarily to a future antichrist but was partially fulfilled by Antiochus. Instead, he advocated that the “little horn” was the Antichrist:

We should therefore concur with the traditional interpretation of all the commentators of the Christian Church, that at the end of the world, when the Roman Empire is to be destroyed, there shall be ten kings who will partition the Roman world amongst themselves. Then an insignificant eleventh king will arise, who will overcome three of the ten kings... after they have been slain, the seven other kings also will bow their necks to the victor.

In his Commentary on Daniel, he noted, “Let us not follow the opinion of some commentators and suppose him to be either the Devil or some demon, but rather, one of the human race, in whom Satan will wholly take up his residence in bodily form.”

Jerome identified the four prophetic kingdoms symbolized in Daniel 2 as the Neo-Babylonian Empire, the Medes and Persians, Macedon, and Rome. Jerome identified the stone cut out without hands as "namely, the Lord and Savior".

Jerome refuted Porphyry's application of the little horn of chapter seven to Antiochus. He expected that at the end of the world, Rome would be destroyed, and partitioned among ten kingdoms before the little horn appeared.

Jerome believed that Cyrus of Persia is the higher of the two horns of the Medo-Persian ram of Daniel 8:3. The he-goat is Greece smiting Persia. Alexander is the great horn, which is then succeeded by Alexander's half brother Philip and three of his generals.

Historical writings

Jerome is also known as a historian. One of his earliest historical works was his Chronicle (or Chronicon or Temporum liber), composed ca. 380 in Constantinople; this is a translation into Latin of the chronological tables which compose the second part of the Chronicon of Eusebius, with a supplement covering the period from 325 to 379. Despite numerous errors taken over from Eusebius, and some of his own, Jerome produced a valuable work, if only for the impulse which it gave to such later chroniclers as Prosper, Cassiodorus, and Victor of Tunnuna to continue his annals.

Three other works of a hagiological nature are:

* the Vita Pauli monachi, written during his first sojourn at Antioch (ca. 376), the legendary material of which is derived from Egyptian monastic tradition;

* the Vitae Patrum (Vita Pauli primi eremitae), a biography of Saint Paul of Thebes;

* the Vita Malchi monachi captivi (ca. 391), probably based on an earlier work, although it purports to be derived from the oral communications of the aged ascetic Malchus originally made to him in the desert of Chalcis;

* the Vita Hilarionis, of the same date, containing more trustworthy historical matter than the other two, and based partly on the biography of Epiphanius and partly on oral tradition.

The so-called Martyrologium Hieronymianum is spurious; it was apparently composed by a western monk toward the end of the 6th or beginning of the seventh century, with reference to an expression of Jerome's in the opening chapter of the Vita Malchi, where he speaks of intending to write a history of the saints and martyrs from the apostolic times.

But the most important of Jerome's historical works is the book De viris illustribus, written at Bethlehem in 392, the title and arrangement of which are borrowed from Suetonius. It contains short biographical and literary notes on 135 Christian authors, from Saint Peter down to Jerome himself. For the first seventy-eight authors Eusebius (Historia ecclesiastica) is the main source; in the second section, beginning with Arnobius and Lactantius, he includes a good deal of independent information, especially as to western writers.

Letters

Jerome's letters or epistles, both by the great variety of their subjects and by their qualities of style, form the most interesting portion of his literary remains. Whether he is discussing problems of scholarship, or reasoning on cases of conscience, comforting the afflicted, or saying pleasant things to his friends, scourging the vices and corruptions of the time, exhorting to the ascetic life and renunciation of the world, or breaking a lance with his theological opponents, he gives a vivid picture not only of his own mind, but of the age and its peculiar characteristics.

The letters most frequently reprinted or referred to are of a hortatory nature, such as Ep. 14, Ad Heliodorum de laude vitae solitariae; Ep. 22, Ad Eustochium de custodia virginitatis; Ep. 52, Ad Nepotianum de vita clericorum et monachorum, a sort of epitome of pastoral theology from the ascetic standpoint; Ep. 53, Ad Paulinum de studio scripturarum; Ep. 57, to the same, De institutione monachi; Ep. 70, Ad Magnum de scriptoribus ecclesiasticis; and Ep. 107, Ad Laetam de institutione filiae.

Theological writings

Practically all of Jerome's productions in the field of dogma have a more or less vehemently polemical character, and are directed against assailants of the orthodox doctrines. Even the translation of the treatise of Didymus the Blind on the Holy Spirit into Latin (begun in Rome 384, completed at Bethlehem) shows an apologetic tendency against the Arians and Pneumatomachoi. The same is true of his version of Origen's De principiis (ca. 399), intended to supersede the inaccurate translation by Rufinus. The more strictly polemical writings cover every period of his life. During the sojourns at Antioch and Constantinople he was mainly occupied with the Arian controversy, and especially with the schisms centering around Meletius of Antioch and Lucifer Calaritanus. Two letters to Pope Damasus (15 and 16) complain of the conduct of both parties at Antioch, the Meletians and Paulinians, who had tried to draw him into their controversy over the application of the terms ousia and hypostasis to the Trinity. At the same time or a little later (379) he composed his Liber Contra Luciferianos, in which he cleverly uses the dialogue form to combat the tenets of that faction, particularly their rejection of baptism by heretics.

In Rome (ca. 383) he wrote a passionate counterblast against the teaching of Helvidius, in defense of the doctrine of The perpetual virginity of Mary and of the superiority of the single over the married state. An opponent of a somewhat similar nature was Jovinianus, with whom he came into conflict in 392 (Adversus Jovinianum, Against Jovinianus) and the defense of this work addressed to his friend Pammachius, numbered 48 in the letters). Once more he defended the ordinary Catholic practices of piety and his own ascetic ethics in 406 against the Spanish presbyter Vigilantius, who opposed the cultus of martyrs and relics, the vow of poverty, and clerical celibacy. Meanwhile the controversy with John II of Jerusalem and Rufinus concerning the orthodoxy of Origen occurred. To this period belong some of his most passionate and most comprehensive polemical works: the Contra Joannem Hierosolymitanum (398 or 399); the two closely connected Apologiae contra Rufinum (402); and the "last word" written a few months later, the Liber tertius seu ultima responsio adversus scripta Rufini. The last of his polemical works is the skilfully composed Dialogus contra Pelagianos (415).

Jerome's reception by later Christianity

Jerome is the second most voluminous writer (after St. Augustine) in ancient Latin Christianity. In the Roman Catholic Church, he is recognized as the patron saint of translators, librarians and encyclopedists.

He acquired a knowledge of Hebrew by studying with a Jew who converted to Christianity, and took the unusual position (for that time) that the Hebrew, and not the Septuagint, was the inspired text of the Old Testament. The traditional view is that he used this knowledge to translate what became known as the Vulgate, and his translation was slowly but eventually accepted in the Catholic Church. The later resurgence of Hebrew studies within Christianity owes much to him.

He showed more zeal and interest in the ascetic ideal than in abstract speculation. It was this strict asceticism that made Martin Luther judge him so severely. In fact, Protestant readers are not generally inclined to accept his writings as authoritative. The tendency to recognize a superior comes out in his correspondence with Augustine (cf. Jerome's letters numbered 56, 67, 102-105, 110-112, 115-116; and 28, 39, 40, 67-68, 71-75, 81-82 in Augustine's).

Despite the criticisms already mentioned, Jerome has retained a rank among the western Fathers. This would be his due, if for nothing else, on account of the great influence exercised by his Latin version of the Bible upon the subsequent ecclesiastical and theological development.

Jerome in Art

In art, he is often represented as one of the four Latin doctors of the Church along with Augustine of Hippo, Ambrose, and Pope Gregory I. As a prominent member of the Roman clergy, he has often been portrayed anachronistically in the garb of a cardinal. Even when he is depicted as a half-clad anchorite, with cross, skull and Bible for the only furniture of his cell, the red hat or some other indication of his rank as cardinal is as a rule introduced somewhere in the picture. He is also often depicted with a lion, due to a medieval story in which he removed a thorn from a lion's paw, and less often with an owl, the symbol of wisdom and scholarship. Writing materials and the trumpet of final judgment are also part of his iconography. He is commemorated on 30 September with a memorial.

Quotes

:I praise wedlock, I praise marriage, but it is because they give me virgins. I gather the rose from the thorns, the gold from the earth, the pearl from the shell. "Doth the plowman plow all day to sow?" Shall he not also enjoy the fruit of his labor? Wedlock is the more honored, the more what is born of it is loved. Why, mother, do you grudge your daughter her virginity? She has been reared on your milk, she has come from your womb, she has grown up in your bosom. Your watchful affection has kept her a virgin. Are you angry with her because she chooses to be a king's wife and not a soldier's? She has conferred on you a high privilege; you are now the mother-in-law of God. "Concerning virgins," says the apostle, "I have no commandment of the Lord." Why was this? Because his own virginity was due, not to a command, but to his free choice. For they are not to be heard who feign him to have had a wife; for, when he is discussing continence and commending perpetual chastity, he uses the words, "I would that all men were even as I myself." And farther on, "I say, therefore, to the unmarried and widows, it is good for them if they abide even as I." And in another place, "have we not power to lead about wives even as the rest of the apostles?" Why then has he no commandment from the Lord concerning virginity? Because what is freely offered is worth more than what is extorted by force, and to command virginity would have been to abrogate wedlock. It would have been a hard enactment to compel opposition to nature and to extort from men the angelic life; and not only so, it would have been to condemn what is a divine ordinance. (Jerome's Letter 22, to Eustochium, section 20 on-line)

:Be ever engaged, so that whenever the devil calls he may find you occupied. (Letter 125, to the priest Innocent)

:Ignorance of the Scriptures is ignorance of Christ. (Jerome's Prologue to the “Commentary on Isaiah”: PL 24,17)

:Out of each tribe, except the tribe of Dan, the place of which is taken by the tribe of Levi, twelve thousand virgins who have been sealed are spoken of as future believers, who have not defiled themselves with women. And that we may not suppose the reference to be to those who have not had relations with harlots, he immediately added, "for they continued virgins." Whereby he shows that all who have not preserved their virginity, in comparison with the pure and angelic chastity and of our Lord Jesus Christ himself, are defiled. (Against Jovinian 1.40)

See also

Church Fathers

Bible translations

Order of St. Jerome

Genesius of Arles

Letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus

Notes

External links

The Life of St. Jerome, Priest, Confessor and Doctor of the Church

The Catholic Encyclopedia (1910)">"St. Jerome" by Louis Saltet, in The Catholic Encyclopedia (1910)

Jewish Encyclopedia: Jerome

St. Jerome - Catholic Online

The Story of St. Jerome and the Lion

St Jerome (Hieronymus) of Stridonium Orthodox synaxarion

Early Church Fathers. Jerome: Great Translator

Latin Texts

Chronological list of Jerome's Works with modern editions and translations cited

Opera Omnia (Complete Works) from Migne edition (Patrologia Latina, 1844-1855) with analytical indexes, almost complete online edition

Google Books' Facsimiles

Migne volume 23 part 1 (1883 edition)

Migne volume 23 part 2 (1883 edition)

Migne volume 24 (1845 edition)

Migne volume 25 part 1 (1884 edition)

Migne volume 25 part 2 (1884 edition)

Migne volume 28 (1890 edition?)

Migne volume 30 (1865 edition)

English Translations

English translations of Biblical Prefaces, Commentary on Daniel, Chronicle, and Letter 120 (tertullian.org)

Jerome's Letter to Pope Damasus: Preface to the Gospels

English translation of Jerome's De Viris Illustribus

The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary

Lives of Famous Men (CCEL)

Apology Against Rufinus (CCEL)

Letters, The Life of Paulus the First Hermit, The Life of S. Hilarion, The Life of Malchus, the Captive Monk, The Dialogue Against the Luciferians, The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary, Against Jovinianus, Against Vigilantius, To Pammachius against John of Jerusalem, Against the Pelagians, Prefaces (CCEL)

Bibliography

J.N.D. Kelly, "Jerome: His Life, Writings, and Controversies" (Peabody, MA 1998)

S. Rebenich, "Jerome" (London and New York, 2002)

References

"Biblia Sacra Vulgata," Stuttgart, 1994. ISBN 3-438-05303-9

This article uses material from Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religion.

Category:Translators of the Bible into Latin Category:Roman Catholic theologians Category:Christian apologists Category:Christian theologians Category:Christian vegetarians Category:Church Fathers Category:Doctors of the Church Category:Chronologists Category:Latin letter writers Category:Late Antique writers Category:347 births Category:420 deaths Category:Translation scholars Category:5th-century historians Category:5th-century Christian saints Category:Burials in Bethlehem Category:Saints of the Golden Legend Category:4th-century Romans Category:5th-century Romans Category:Anglican saints Category:People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar

Name	Sam Greco
Birth name	Salvatore Greco
Other names	Slam 'em
Height
Weight
Weight class	Super Heavyweight
Nationality	Australian
Birth date	May 03, 1967
Birth place	Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Style	Karate, Kickboxing
Team	Team Greco
Years active	16 (1989–2005)
Kickbox win	19
Kickbox kowin	11
Kickbox loss	9
Kickbox koloss	7
Kickbox draw	2
Kickbox nc	2
Mma win	3
Mma kowin	2
Mma loss	1
Mma draw	1
Occupation	Restaurant owner, actor
Url	http://fcvandams.com/
Sherdog	3419
Updated	January 22, 2010|

Sam "Slam 'em" Greco (born May 3, 1967) is a retired Australian Super Heavyweight kickboxer and Heavyweight mixed martial artist of Italian descent, who fought in Kyokushin karate, professional kickboxing, and K-1 tournaments.

Biography and career

When growing up in Melbourne, Australia Sam's Italian-born father Vittorio encouraged him to get involved with soccer from an early age and Sam became the youngest player ever to sign up with the Italian premier league team Juventus. He played as well for Heidelberg soccer club in Melbourne.

K-1 career

He trained in Kyokushin karate, and started competing in full contact karate tournaments.

Sam had his K-1 debut in 1995 at K-1 Hercules. Following year he appeared in his first K-1 World Grand Prix tournament where he suffered his first loss in semifinals against Musashi.

After retiring in 2005 from professional competition, Sam Greco worked as trainer for other fighters, including Bob Sapp.

Acting career

He played the stunt double for retired professional wrestler Stone Cold Steve Austin in the 2007 action thriller The Condemned and also had a small part in the 2008 Australian boxing drama film, Two Fists One Heart which was shot in Western Australia. He has also appeared occasionally in movies as a fight consultant and martial arts advisor.

He had a small part in the fourth episode of the Australian mini-series Underbelly, playing nightclub bouncer Bruno Bolotzi. The episode was first broadcast in February 2008.

He had a small part in the eightieth episode of series three of the Australian comedy Pizza, playing the roman soldier Glutious Maximus. He made another appearance for Pizza this time in a two part episode Holiday Pizza, playing Pauly's Italian cousin Luigi. He also had a part in the first series of the Australian comedy Swift and Shift Couriers as Louie "Luigi" Marietti. Both Pizza and Swift and Shift Couriers were created by Greco's good friend Paul Fenech.

He played the Masked Wrestler Zarkos in Scooby Doo. In the movie Zarkos appears as one of N'Goo Tuana's henchmen, but later he sneaks up on Daphne and captures her and steals the Daemon Ritus from her. Later in the movie he tries to sneak up on Daphne and capture her again but instead they end up fighting, near the end of the fight he grabs Daphne and throws her onto his back and puts her in a hold but she escapes and defeats him.

Titles and accomplishments

1999 K-1 World Grand Prix 3rd Place

1999 W.A.K.O. Pro World Muay Thai Super Heavyweight Champion

1995 The Best of the Best Tournament Champion

1994 W.K.A. World Muay Thai Super Heavyweight Heavyweight Champion

1994 Karate World Cup Champion

Commonwealth Karate Champion 1989-1991

6 time Australia Full Contact Karate Champion

Kickboxing record

{| class="toccolours" width=90% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Kickboxing Record |- valign="top" | |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | MMA record |- valign="top" | Legend: |}

See also

List of K-1 events

List of K-1 champions

List of male kickboxers

List of kickboxing organizations

References

http://www.k-1sport.de/en/database/show_fighter.php?id=183

External links

K-1 Official website

Category:Living people Category:Australian karateka Category:Australian kickboxers Category:Super heavyweight kickboxers Category:Australian mixed martial artists Category:Heavyweight mixed martial artists Category:People from Melbourne Category:Australian people of Italian descent Category:1967 births

Name	Ray Sefo
Other names	Sugar, Sugarfoot
Nationality	New Zealander
Birth date	February 15, 1971
Birth place	Auckland, New Zealand
Fighting out of	Las Vegas, Nevada, US
Height
Weight
Style	Kickboxing
Stance	orthodox
Team	Xtreme Couture Ray Sefo's Fight Academy Balmoral Lee Gar gym
Trainer	Lollo Heimuli
Years active	1989–present
Mma win	2
Mma kowin	2
Mma loss	0
Kickbox win	56
Kickbox kowin	38
Kickbox loss	21
Kickbox koloss	11
Kickbox draw	1
Box win	5
Box kowin	4
Box loss	1
Box koloss	1
Relatives	Rony Sefo, brotherFai Falamoe, cousin
Url	http://www.raysefo.com
Boxrec	32491
K-1	26
Sherdog	13342
Updated	May 24, 2010

"Sugar" Ray Sefo (February 15, 1971) is a New Zealander professional kickboxer, boxer and mixed martial artist. He is five time Muay Thai World champion and eight time K-1 World Grand Prix Finals tournament participant, currently living in Las Vegas, Nevada and training with Xtreme Couture.

Biography

Trained in Wing Chun as a youth, Sefo started developing his Muay Thai fighting style under Thai legend Kiosot, then continued training under Lollo Heimuli (Balmoral Lee Gar gym). Sefo had an impressive unbeaten record as an amateur and a professional in the Oceania kickboxing league. Early in his career Sefo trained at Balmoral Lee Gar gym alongside Jason Suttie, Jayson Vemoa, Doug Viney and his brother Rony Sefo.

Some would say his fight against Andre Manaart was his first major challenge on the world stage. In this fight he overwhelmed Manaart with devastating speed and elusive footwork,knocking him down on numerous occasions. In the ring after the fight, Manaart took the microphone and said "...you should call him Sugarfist, not Sugarfoot"...

His first major breakthrough was becoming a WKA cruiser weight champion, after which he also acted as a sparring partner for fellow New Zealander David Tua when Tua first returned to New Zealand for a fight after turning pro.

Ray made his K-1 debut against future four-time World Grand Prix Champion, Ernesto Hoost. Sefo held his own against the much more experienced Hoost, but was finally knocked out in the 4th round by a leg kick. Sefo gained respect for standing up to such an elite fighter in just his first fight.

Sefo gained more respect in his 3rd K-1 fight where he knocked out K-1 legend Jerome Lebanner in round 1. Sefo's hard right hand was enough to break the Frenchmans jaw in four places.

Sefo had a up down first few years in the K-1, unable to make it past the quarter finals in the K-1 World Grand Prix against the likes of Sam Greco and Andy Hug. In 2000 he made it to the WGP final after knocking out japanese star Musashi and french kickboxer Cyril Abidi before losing again to Hoost.

In 2002 he defeated Dutch legend Peter Aerts in the quarter finals but lost again to his nemesis Hoost in the semi finals.

In 2007, he was thought to be a legitmate challenger to dethrone four-time World Grand Prix Champion Semmy Schilt for the new Super Heavyweight title. In Round 1, Sefo became only the second man in history to knock Schilt down. However, he would go on to lose by KO in round 2.

He went on to loose 5 more fights and would not find the winners circle again till he beat Hong Man Choi, Yosuke Nishijima and Ionut Iftimoaie all by decision.

He was then asked to fight at the K-1 World Grand Prix 2010 in Seoul Final 16 on ten days notice against Tyrone Spong. Ray put up a decent fight for a short preparation but was beaten by decision. At the moment Ray is unsure about whether he will continue to fight in the K-1, though he is still considered one of the sport's oldest and still entertaining fighters.

Titles

2008 K-1 World GP Final 8 - Reserve Match

2006 K-1 World GP Final 8 - Reserve Match

2005 K-1 World GP Final 8

2004 K-1 World GP Final 8

2003 K-1 World GP Final 8

2002 K-1 World GP Final 8 - 3rd Place

2000 K-1 World GP Final 8 - 2nd Place K-1 World Grand Prix 2000.

1997 WKBA World Super Heavyweight World champion.

1996 WMTF World Heavyweight champion.

1996 ISKA World Super Cruiserweight Champion.

1995 ISKA World Cruiserweight Champion

1994 ISKA World Light Cruiserweight Champion.

1992 WMTF World Light Heavyweight Champion.

1992 South Pacific Cruiserweight Champion.

1991 New Zealand Cruiserweight Champion.

1990 New Zealand Heavyweight Champion.

Fight record

{| class="toccolours" width=100% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Kickboxing Record |- valign="top" | |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | MMA Record |- valign="top" | |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Boxing Record |- valign="top" | Legend: |}

See also

List of kickboxing organizations

List of male kickboxers

List of K-1 events

Champions of Champions Elite

References

External links

Ray Sefo official website

K-1 official website

Ray Sefo Interview

Category:1971 births Category:Living people Category:New Zealand boxers Category:Heavyweights Category:New Zealand kickboxers Category:Super heavyweight kickboxers Category:New Zealand mixed martial artists Category:Heavyweight mixed martial artists Category:People from Auckland

Name	Andy Hug
Birth name	Andreas Hug
Other names	Mr. K-1, Typhoon The Blue-Eyed Samurai Iron Man, Tetsujin in Japanese
Nationality	Switzerland
Birth date	September 07, 1964
Birth place	Wohlen, Switzerland
Death date	August 24, 2000
Death place	Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
Height
Weight
Style	Kyokushin, Seidokaikan
Team	Team Andy
Years active	21 (1979–2000)
Kickbox win	38
Kickbox kowin	22
Kickbox loss	9
Kickbox koloss	6
Kickbox draw	1
Students	Xhavit Bajrami, Marfino DeFlorin, Bjorn Bregy, Petar Majstorovic
Url	http://www.andyhug.com
Updated	January 14, 2010

Andy Hug (September 7, 1964 – August 24, 2000) was a professional Swiss Seidokaikan and Kyokushin karateka and kickboxer from Wohlen, Switzerland. Hug was the K-1 World Grand Prix 1996 champion and runner up in 1997 and 1998.

Biography and career

Andreas Hug was born on September 7, 1964, in Zurich, Switzerland. Andy's father, Arthur, was a foreign legionnaire, who died in Thailand without ever seeing his son. He seldom saw his mother Madelaine Hug-Baumann, and together with his brother Charly and sister Fabienne, they grew up with his grandparents in Wohlen. He was six, when he started playing soccer and was also selected to the Swiss National Under-16 team. At eleven, he started practising karate at Wohlen Karate school under Werner Schenker.

His death came unexpectedly. He was diagnosed with acute leukemia on August 17, 2000. On August 23, he fell into a coma and his illness was made public. Only 22 hours later it was revealed that Andy Hug died because of multiple organ failure and the following breath stoppage. He was only 35 at time of his death. He left behind his wife Ilona and his son Seya.

Karate career

At the age of fifteen, he won the Swiss national 'Oyama Cup'. In November 1977 he was selected to represent the Wohlen Karate School during the National Team Championships.

Andy recorded his first international success in 1981 at the Dutch Kyokushinkai Karate Championships. Two years later, he took first place at the European Cup in Hungary. In 1983, Andy took part in the Karate World Championships. Around eighty fighters from all over the world were at the start of the open weight class. Andy was able to battle his way through and reached the final sixteen. He made his second World Championships in 1987. In the semi-finals, Andy defeated his opponent Akira Masuda and for the first time in the history of Kyokushinkai, a non-Japanese fighter, was taking part in the finals. Andy lost the fight by a controversial point decision to Shokei Matsui.

The fifth World Championships of full-contact karate no weight division took place in 1991 at the Budokan, Tokyo, Japan. As early as 1988, Andy had become a trainer for the Swiss national team, thus offering his knowledge and experience to other competitors. In his third fight, Andy came up against Francisco Filho. At the end of the round, as the bell rang, Filho landed a high kick on the side of Hug's head and knocked Andy to the floor. Mas Oyama confirmed that the technique was legal. It was later confirmed that Filho's kick had indeed struck after the bell rang, but he had started his move before the time was up and Filho was declared the winner.

Andy kept fighting in Japan with success and became extremely popular. The fans were impressed by his technical diversity, spectacular aesthetics, tactics and strength. On August 28, 1993, Andy married Ilona in Inwil. At the same time he changed from Kyokushinkai to Seidokai karate, completing the step from being an amateur to becoming a professional fighter and star in Japan.

K-1 career

The Seidokai Association, headed by Kazuyoshi Ishii, founded K-1 in 1993. In 1994 Andy promoted his first K-1 Fight at the Hallenstadium in Zurich, and went on to compete in a double main event called "K-1 Challenge" where he upset reigning WGP champion Branco Cikatic in a close fight.

Later that year Hug competed in his first WGP tournament, where he was favored by the Japanese fans having already defeated Branco Cikatic a few months earlier. But Andy was upset by American kick-boxer Patrick Smith via first round stoppage.

In the autumn of 1996, Andy was struggling within himself that he wasn't able to win the K-1 World Grand Prix. In his second fight at the 96 WGP Finals he met Ernesto Hoost and won by decision. In the final, Andy was matched up against Mike Bernardo. After his two defeats to Bernardo in 1995 Andy was determined to beat him and was ultimately successful, winning via spinning low kick, securing his first and only WGP title.

Andy Hug reached the K-1 Grand Prix finals again in 1997, where he lost to Dutch kick-boxing legend Ernesto Hoost by decision. He made it to the 1998 WGP final as well, where he lost to Peter Aerts by KO, although he became the first fighter to ever make three consecutive WGP finals. (until matched by Semmy Schilt some years later)

1999 was the most successful year for K-1 since its inception. Record numbers of spectators were recorded for all tournaments. In the first half of that year, Andy provided his fans with sensational fights. However at the World Grand Prix, fate wrecked his plans. In the second bout, he was up against Ernesto Hoost. As early as in the first round, the groin injury that he had sustained a month earlier became acute. This handicap was so severe that he could not employ his legs as he was used to doing, and dropped a decision.

In Japan he was given the name "Blue-Eyed Samurai", even though he had brown eyes. He was the only K-1 fighter ever to be rewarded an honorary samurai title by K-1 founder Kazuyoshi Ishii.

Andy was also recognized for his axe kick and the spinning low heel kick, targeting the opponents thigh, was another trademark kick of his. In Japan, it was known as "the Hug Tornado" since it was rumored that no other fighter could perform it with the same perfection as Hug.

Andy defeated Mirko "Cro-Cop" Filipović at K-1 Fight Night, on June 3, 2000, in Zurich, Switzerland. His last fight was against Nobu Hayashi on July 7, 2000. Andy Hug died on August 24, 2000, as a result of leukemia, just two weeks short of his 36th birthday. Andy's body was cremated and his ashes deposited in the cemetery of the Hoshuin temple in Kyoto, Japan.

Titles and accomplishments

Kickboxing

*1996–2000 W.K.A. World Muay Thai Super Heavyweight title (4 title defenses)

*1996 W.M.T.C. World Super Heavyweight title

*1996 K-1 Grand Prix champion

*1994–1996 U.K.F. World Super Heavyweight title (2 title defenses)

Seidokaikan

1993 Seidokan Karate World Cup (Lost to Masaaki Satake)

1992 Seidokan Karate World Cup (Defeated Taiei Kin)

Kyokushin

*1991 5th Kyokushin World Open Karate Tournament last 32 (Lost to Francisco Filho)

1991 6th European Championships in Budapest, Heavyweight (Lost to Michael Thompson)

1989 5th European Championships in Budapest, Heavyweight (Defeated Michael Thompson)

1988 1st Swiss Sursee Cup in Sursee (Defeated Kenji Midori)

1987 4th Kyokushin World Open Karate Tournament (Lost to Akiyoshi Matsui)

1987 4th European Championships in Katowice, (Lost to Michael Thompson)

1986 11th British Open in London, Heavyweight (Lost to Michael Thompson)

1985 3rd European Championships in Barcelona, Heavyweight (Defeated Klaus Rex)

1985 Ibusz Oyama Cup in Hungary, Heavyweight (Defeated Michael Wedel)

1985 Swiss National Open Championships Heavyweight (Defeated Klaus Rex)

*1984 3rd Kyokushin World Open Karate Tournament final 16 (Lost to Akiyoshi Matsui)

1984 Swiss National Championships Heavyweight

1983 7th Dutch Open in Alkmaar, Heavyweight final 16 (Lost to Flemming Jinzen)

1982 Ibusz Oyama Cup in Hungary, Middleweight (Defeated Mark Niedziokka)

*1982 6th Dutch Open Middleweight final 16 (Lost to Kenneth Felter)

*1982 2nd European Championships in London final 16 (Lost to Jean Pierre Louisset)

1982 Swiss National Championships, Middleweight (Defeated Gabriel Marxer)

1981 Oyama Cup (Defeated Heinz Muntweiler)

1981 5th Dutch Open in Weert, Middleweight (Lost to Koen Scharrenberg)

1981 4 Countries Team Tournament (Switzerland defeated Dutch team in finals)

1979 Oyama Cup

Record

{| class="toccolours" width=100% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Kickboxing Record |- valign="top" | |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Seidokaikan Karate record |- valign="top" | Legend: |}

See also

List of K-1 events

List of K-1 champions

List of male kickboxers

List of kickboxing organizations

References

External links

Andy Hug - Official Website

Andy Hug Foundation - The Foundation

Andy Hug Portrait

K-1sport.de - Complete Fighters Profile of Andy Hug

Category:1964 births Category:2000 deaths Category:Swiss karateka Category:Swiss kickboxers Category:Deaths from leukemia Category:Cancer deaths in Japan

Name	Rob Kaman
Birth name	Robert Kaman
Birth date	June 05, 1960
Birth place	Amsterdam, Netherlands
Death date
Other names	The Dutchman, Mr. Low Kick, Hammerkick
Nationality	Dutch
Height
Weight class	Middleweight Light Heavyweight
Style	Muay Thai
Team	Mejiro Gym
Trainer	Jan Plas
Years active	21 (1978-1999)
Kickbox win	97
Kickbox kowin	77
Kickbox loss	12
Kickbox koloss	4
Kickbox draw	1
Kickbox nc	2
Mma win	1
Mma kowin	1
Mma loss	0
Mma draw	0
Website
Updated	September 9, 2010

Rob "The Dutchman" Kaman (Born June 5, 1960 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch retired 9 time kickboxing and Muay Thai world champion considered by many as the greatest kickboxer of all time. Often called "Mr. Low Kick" because of his feared low kicks which he used to set up his devastating offensive attacks.

Biography

In his early days he played football for AFC Ajax Amsterdam Youth Team. Rob was a good player, but never liked team sports and at the age of 16 he started training in the martial arts, first Pentjak Silat and in 1978 he started training Muay Thai at Mejiro Gym under Jan Plas.

In 1980 Rob became an A-class fighter in the Netherlands. He won most of his fights by K.O. The turning point for him was his fight with Blinky Rodriquez, the cousin of Benny Urquidez. Rob knocked him out in the 2nd round with a low kick to the leg. That was his international breakthrough. From then on, Rob started fighting in Thailand.

His first fight in Thailand was against Dennoi, a local champion. Rob won by K.O. and was asked to fight Lakchart, a Thai champion, in Bangkok. He lost that fight but learned a lot from the loss.

On the 23rd of September 1983 he fought John Moncayo for the world title WKA of kickboxing. Rob knocked him out in the 3rd round with a low kick and became the first European WKA world champion in kickboxing.

On the 12th of January 1984 he fought Payap Premchai, the champion of Thailand, in the Jaap Edenhal in Amsterdam and was declared the winner by unanimous decision.

In April 1984 he had a rematch with John Moncayo in Miami, Florida. This time he knocked Moncayo out with a punch in the 2nd round. At the end of that year he beat the great Thai fighter Samart Prasanmirt in Hong Kong as well as Jean Marc Tonus for the European title of full contact.

During the year 1985, he beat Larry McFadden in the 3rd round by a knockout and three months later he took his revenge on Lakchart. He knocked the Thai out in the 4th round.

After that, Rob fought a lot of different fighters in Amsterdam: Ernest Simmons (WKA rules), Ernesto Hoost (WKA rules), Payap (rematch on Muay Thai rules), Roger Hurd (WKA rules) and Sittisak (Muay Thai rules). He won them all and at the end of 1987 the Japanese asked him to come fight in Japan.

His first fight in Japan was against Lakchart. Rob knocked him out in the 1st round. Japan became 'Kaman-crazy' and from then on he fought many times in Japan. He fought against Kirkwood Walker, Hansu Premchai, Santiago Garza, Don Nakaya Nielsen.

On the 9th of April 1989 Rob fought in Holland once again. This time against Jan Wessels from Arnhem. Rob also organized that event and did not have the time to prepare properly for the fight. He lost the fight and a lot of people thought that his career was over. At the end of the year he came back and beat Wessels by knock out in the 2nd round for a WKA world title.

During 1990 Rob played in the movie "Bloodfist" with Don Wilson and Billy Blanks and fought three times against Changpuek Kiatsongrit from Thailand and Eddy Matthieu from France. During the summer he had to fight in Japan against Peter Smit. Smit was a newcomer and a WKA European champion. Rob became a father with the birth of his son Gaby just before the fight. Rob lost his world title.

Kaman came back once again. He fought against the Japanese fighter Nishi in Japan and won by 1st round knock out. The promoters in Holland matched him a super fight with the new upcoming fighter Ernesto Hoost. Before the fight Hoost was the favorite but Kaman managed to knock him out in the 5th round. For most kickboxing fans, that fight with Ernesto Hoost is the best fight ever fought in Holland.

On 29th of June 1991, Kaman fought Luc Verheye in France for the world WKA title. Luc Verheye had beaten Peter Smit and was the new world champion. This didn't last long Kaman beat Luc Verheye and took his title back. He fought in France against fighters like Rick Roufus, Mark Russell, Justin Ward, Zito Polyo etc. One of his best fights was against Marek Piotrowski, who he beat by K.O. in the 7th round.

On 20th of June 1992 Rob fought "the fight of the fights" against Jean-Yves Thériault, the greatest full contact champion ever. Rob won the fight by TKO and became the new ISKA world champion. He was at the same time world champion in WKA kickboxing and world champion in Muay Thai.

On 26th of November 1993 Rob fought after three years in Holland, this time against another great Dutch champion Rick V.D. Vathorst. Kaman knocked him out in the 2nd round and showed the Dutch crowd that after all these years he was still the best.

At the end of that year Nikko Toshogu Press produced 8 videotapes on Muay Thai training with Rob Kaman and one videotape with highlights and knock outs of his career. Rob also played in two movies with Jean Claude van Damme, "Maximum Risk" and "Double Team" with Dennis Rodman and Mickey Rourke. After that he fought again in France, this time in Marseilles, again against a newcomer from Holland, Orlando Breinburg. He won by TKO in the 3rd round.

In 1995 he participated in the K-2 tournament in Paris, France. His first fight was against Lavelle Robinson and he won by KO. In his second fight he fought the Australian Tosca Petridis and was the winner again. In the finals after fought already two times that night he went against Jerome Turcan from France. Rob was full of injuries from his previous fights. During round 4 he was bleeding heavily and amazed everyone when he knocked Turcan out with two amazing high kicks at the end of the round. After all his world titles, he also won the K-2 tournament in Paris, France.

After only a few fights in the later years, because of too many injuries and a new movie with Jean-Claude Van Damme (The Legionnaire), Rob decided to end his career, back where it all started, in Holland. On 24 October 1999, he fought for the last time, against Alexey Ignashov, a 21 year old amateur world champion in kickboxing. Rob won the fight by points, but after the fight he said that his opponent was the real winner and gave his trophy to Alexey Ignashov.

Currently, he is training UFC light heavyweight Brandon Vera on kickboxing for MMA. He also trains MMA fighter Jason Miller.

Titles

1995 K-2 France Grand Prix '95 Champion

1992-94 I.S.K.A. Oriental Rules Light Heavyweight World Champion

1992 I.S.K.A. Full Contact Super Middleweight World Champion

1992 W.K.A. Full Contact Super Light Heavyweight World Champion

1990 I.M.T.F.(currently I.M.F.) Muay Thai Light Heavyweight World Champion

1989-90 W.K.A. Full Contact Light Heavyweight World Champion

1988-89 W.K.A. Full Contact Light Heavyweight World Champion

1984 P.K.A. Full Contact European Champion

1983-87 W.K.A. Full Contact Middleweight World Champion

I.K.B.F. Full Contact Light Heavyweight World Champion

Kickboxing record

{| class="toccolours" width=100% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Kickboxing Record |- valign="top" | Legend: |}

MMA Record

{| class="toccolours" width=100% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | MMA Record |- valign="top" | Legend: |}

See also

Muay thai

List of male kickboxers

List of kickboxing organizations

Category:Dutch kickboxers Category:Middleweight kickboxers Category:Light heavyweight kickboxers Category:Dutch Muay Thai practitioners Category:Dutch mixed martial artists Category:People from Amsterdam Category:Living people Category:1960 births

Name	Nobuaki Kakuda
Native name	角田信朗
Nationality	Japanese
Birth date	April 11, 1961
Birth place	Sakai, Osaka, Japan
Height
Weight
Weight class	Heavyweight
Style	Seidokaikan Karate
Rank	black belt in Seidokaikan
Years active	1994–2005
Kickbox win	11
Kickbox kowin	5
Kickbox loss	8
Kickbox draw	1
Occupation	Karateka, singer, seiyū, referee
Url	http://www.fighting-spirit.jp/index.html

is a Japanese Seidokaikan Karateka, who is famous for his first punch knockout win over German mixed martial artist Mavrick at 0:56 seconds in the K-1 Fields Europe GP 2005 as well as being the only K-1 fighter to lose to Akebono, a former Sumo wrestler whose long losing streak has made him a laughing stock of martial arts. He is also one of the K-1 organization's regents. At the time of his retirement, he was the oldest and shortest (174 cm) partcipant in the K-1 tournaments. He now works as a referee-in-charge and as a ringside judge in these events.

He named his son Kenshiro (賢士朗) and daughter Yuria (友里亜) after characters from Fist of the North Star.

Titles

1988 Satojyuku POINT & KO Japan Open Tournament runner-up

1999 Satojyuku POINT & KO Japan Open Tournament runner-up

The 7th Kyokushin Weight Category Karate Tournament Heavyweight 4th Place

Kickboxing record

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:85%" |- |style="text-align: center" colspan=8|11 Wins (5 KOs), 8 Losses, 1 Draw |- | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0"|Date | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0"|Result | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0"|Opponent | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0"|Event | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0"|Method | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0"|Round | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0"|Time | align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #f0f0f0"|Location |- | September 23, 2005 | Loss | George Longinidis | K-1 World Grand Prix 2005 in Osaka – Final Elimination | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 | Osaka, Japan |- | May 27, 2005 | Win | Mavrick | K-1 World Grand Prix 2005 in Paris | KO (Punch) | 1 | 0:56 | Paris, France |- | March 19, 2005 | Loss | Akebono Tarō | K-1 World Grand Prix 2005 in Seoul | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 | Seoul, South Korea |- | August 15, 2003 | Loss | Musashi | K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Las Vegas | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 | Las Vegas, Nevada, USA |- | August 19, 2001 | Win | Mauricio Da Silva | K-1 Andy Memorial 2001 Japan GP Final | Decision (Unanimous) | 3 | 3:00 | Saitama, Japan |- | January 30, 2001 |style="background:#c5d2ea; text-align:center;"|Draw | Ryushi Yanagisawa | K-1 Rising 2001 | Draw | 3 | 3:00 | Matsuyama, Japan |- | March 19, 2000 | Win | Hiroki Kurosawa | K-1 Burning 2000 | TKO (Right Hook, 3 Knockdowns) | 1 | 1:53 | Yokohama, Japan |- | June 6, 1999 | Win | Duncan Airlie James | K-1 Survival '99 | Decision (Unanimous) | 5 | 3:00 | Sapporo, Japan |- | October 28, 1998 | Win | Bart Vale | K-1 Japan '98 Kamikaze | TKO (Doctor Stoppage) | 1 | 2:09 | Tokyo, Japan |- | July 20, 1997 | Win | Ryuji Murakami | K-1 Dream '97 | Decision (Unanimous) | 5 | 3:00 | Nagoya, Japan |- | April 29, 1997 | Loss | Changpuek Kiatsongrit | K-1 Braves '97 | Decision (Unanimous) | 5 | 3:00 | Fukuoka, Japan |- | December 8, 1996 | Win | Tsutomu Ueda | K-1 Hercules '96 | KO (Right Hook) | 1 | 1:50 | Nagoya, Japan |- | September 1, 1996 | Win | Zane Frazier | K-1 Revenge '96 | Decision (Unanimous) | 5 | 3:00 | Osaka, Japan |- | December 9, 1995 | Win | Bruce Joe | K-1 Hercules | KO (Punch) | 1 | 1:25 | Nagoya, Japan |- | October 8, 1995 | Win | Nobuhiro Kikuchi | | KO | 1 | - | |- | September 3, 1995 | Loss | Stan Longinidis | K-1 Revenge II | KO (Kick) | 2 | 3:05 | Yokohama, Japan |- | July 16, 1995 | Win | Joe Son | K-3 Grand Prix '95 | KO (Punch) | 1 | 1:40 | Nagoya, Japan |- | October 3, 1994 | Loss | Michael Thompson | | KO | - | - | |- | June 25, 1994 | Loss | Michael Thompson | | KO | 1 | - | |- | April 30, 1993 | Loss | Andy Hug | K-1 Grand Prix '93 | KO (Left Knee Strike) | 1:26 | 2 | Tokyo, Japan |-

Filmography

Narrated and sung the ending theme (Muscle Beat) to Kinnikuman Nisei Movie 1

Commanding Sector officer in

Hōsaku Ōkawa in Fist of the Blue Sky

Akashachi in Fist of the North Star: Legend of Raoh II

External links

Official page

Category:1961 births Category:Living people Category:People from Sakai, Osaka Category:Japanese kickboxers Category:Heavyweight kickboxers Category:Japanese karateka

Name	Mike Bernardo
Birth name	Michael Shawn Bernardo
Other names	Beru-chan
Nationality	South Africa
Birth date	July 28, 1969
Birth place	Cape Town, South Africa
Fighting out of	Wynberg, South Africa
Height
Weight
Style	Boxing, Kickboxing
Stance	orthodox
Team	Steve's Gym
Trainer	Steve Kalakoda
Years active	1990–2004
Mma draw	1
Kickbox win	54
Kickbox kowin	42
Kickbox loss	18
Kickbox koloss	12
Kickbox draw	3
Kickbox nc	2
Box win	11
Box kowin	9
Box loss	1
Box koloss	1
Box draw	1
Boxrec	27138
Sherdog	3418

Michael "Mike" Bernardo (born 28 July 1969) is a retired South African professional kickboxer and boxer. He is from Cape Town, South Africa. Bernardo is known as Beru-chan in Japan, where he has taken part in K-1 World GPs since 1994. He holds notable wins over Mirko Filipović, Andy Hug, Gary Goodridge, Branco Cikatic, and 3 straight wins over K-1 legend Peter Aerts.

Biography

He made his K-1 debut in K-1 World GP 1995 Opening against Andy Hug. Since then he participated in 5 World Grand Prix Finals, achieving the biggest success in 1996. He reached the final but lost to Hug via spining low kick KO.

On New Year's Eve of 2004, Bernardo was going to face Nigerian fighter and Japanese-TV personality Bobby Ologun in "K1-Dynamite!" but couldn't take part in the event due to an injury and retired from K-1. Michael is now the head K-1 and Muay Thai trainer at TAKEDOWN MMA & FITNESS ACADEMY in Cape Town RSA.

Career

Professional Kickboxing

*World Olympic Kickboxing Super Heavyweight winner

*W.A.K.O. Pro Muay Thai Super Heavyweight World champion

*1996 World Kickboxing Association Muay Thai Super Heavyweight World champion

*K-1 Grand Prix

**1995 3rd

**1996 2nd

**1998 3rd

*K-1 World GP

**2000 K-1 World Grand Prix in Fukuoka winner

**2001 K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Nagoya 3rd

Professional boxing

*W.B.F. World Heavyweight champion

Fight record

{| class="toccolours" width=95% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Kickboxing Record |- valign="top" | |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Boxing Record |- valign="top" | |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | MMA Record |- valign="top" | Legend: |}

See also

List of K-1 events

List of K-1 champions

List of male kickboxers

List of kickboxing organizations

References

External links

Mike Bernardo Interview

K-1sport.de - Complete Fighters Profile of Mike Bernardo

Kakutougi: K-1 News and Interviews

Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:South African boxers Category:South African kickboxers Category:White South African people

Name	Ernesto Hoost
Birth name	Ernesto Fritz Hoost
Other names	Mr. Perfect
Nationality	Dutch
Birth date	July 11, 1965
Birth place	Heemskerk, Netherlands
Fighting out of	Hoorn, Netherlands
Height
Weight
Weight class	Super Heavyweight
Style	Kickboxing, Muay Thai , Savate
Team	Vos Gym (1987-2006) Sokudo Gym (1981-1987)
Trainer	Johan Vos (1987-2006) Tom Vriend (1981-1987)
Years active	23 (1983–2006)
Kickbox win	97
Kickbox kowin	62
Kickbox loss	21
Kickbox koloss	11
Kickbox draw	1
Students	Paul Slowinski, Ashwin Balrak
Url	http://www.ernestohoost.nl/

Ernesto Fritz "Mr. Perfect" Hoost (born July 11, 1965 in Heemskerk, North Holland) is a Dutch former kickboxer and four-time K-1 World Champion. He made his debut in 1993 at the K-1 World Grand Prix 1993, where he came just one win short of the world title. He announced his retirement on December 2, 2006 after the K-1 World GP Final tournament in Tokyo Dome, Japan.

Biography

Hoost's family is originally from Suriname. His Sensei Fabio Martella is originally from Italy. In 1993, in his first K-1 World Grand Prix, in quarterfinals Hoost defeated Peter Aerts by decision, knocked out Maurice Smith in semis and advanced to the tournament finals where he was knocked out by Branko Cikatic. Hoost got another shot at a title on December 19, 1993, when he won the K-2 World Championship, knocking out Changpuek Kiatsongrit in four rounds. This was the only time the K-1 organization held a K-2 tournament.

Hoost reached the K-1 World Grand Prix Finals again in 1995, but lost to Peter Aerts by a four round decision. He went on to win every fight the remainder of that year. In 1996, he lost at the K-1 World Grand Prix 1996 finals to Andy Hug by a four round split decision. He finally became K-1 World Champion in 1997 when he beat Hug by a three-round unanimous decision.

Hoost was unable to defend his title at the K-1 World Grand Prix 1998 tournament, being technically knocked out in the quarterfinals by Australian Sam Greco due to being unable to start the 3rd round after a cut above his left eye; he was mostly dominated in the fight by Greco, the latter however suffered a cracked left ankle for his troubles.

In 1999, Hoost won his second K-1 World Grand Prix title, beating Mirko Filipović by technical knockout in the third round. On April 23, 2000 he avenged his loss to Greco when he beat him by a technical knockout.

Hoost retained the K-1 World Grand Prix Championship title for third time in 2000 by defeating Ray Sefo. By then, many K-1 fans were hoping for a meeting between Hoost and Bob Sapp. Hoost returned to defend his crown in 2001 defeating Stefan Leko. However, he was forced to retire from the tournament due to an injured shin before the semi-finals.

The highly anticipated fight with Bob Sapp came at the K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 Final Elimination. Sapp won by a first round knockout after the doctor stopped the match on cuts. Despite the loss he was again matched up with Sapp in the quarter finals of the K-1 World Grand Prix 2002. After knocking Sapp down in first round, Hoost lost to Sapp again in a wild slugfest by second round KO.

After the fight however, Sapp had broken his hand and suffered four cracked ribs and wasn't able to continue, allowing Hoost to replace him in the semi-finals. Hoost beat Ray Sefo in first round by TKO, after Sefo damaged his shin against Hoost's kneecap. Hoost proceeded to his fifth K-1 Finals, and was matched up against Jerome Le Banner. The fight was competitive up until the third and final round when Le Banner injured his arm blocking Hoost's kick. Hoost aggressively attacked the arm, forcing Le Banner down twice more, winning by TKO and his fourth Grand Prix Championship. Le Banner suffered a severe compound fracture, putting him out of competition for over a year.

In addition to his Grand Prix titles Ernesto Hoost fought a number of Super fights. In 2004 he was again in the K-1 World Grand Prix 2004 finals, in which he lost to the eventual Grand Prix champion Remy Bonjasky.

In 2006, Hoost declared that he would fight his last tournament in K-1. In the K-1 World Grand Prix 2006, Hoost was defeated in the semi-finals by Semmy Schilt. An emotional Hoost was met with a standing ovation from the audience as he left the arena.

Hoost, who is well known in the Netherlands, is also a celebrity in Japan, where many of his fights have taken place. He has also fought in Australia, France and the United States, among other countries.

Hoost is well known for training "Knees of Fury" fighters Paul Slowinski (whom he is currently still training). Under his guidance Slowinski has won the K-1 tournament 2007 in Amsterdam. He has also trained leg strikes, wrestling, and other skills with PRIDE Champion Fedor Emelianenko.

Hoost was also present as a cornerman for UFC fighter Antoni Hardonk in Hardonk's UFC 85 bout with Eddie Sanchez, his UFC 92 win over Mike Wessel, and his UFC 97 loss to Cheick Kongo.

Hoost currently lives in the town of Hoorn, together with his wife and children.

Hoost speaks five languages, including his mother tongue, Dutch.

Titles

2002 K-1 World Grand Prix 2002 champion in Tokyo, Japan

2001 K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Melbourne champion in Melbourne, Australia

2000 K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 champion in Tokyo, Japan

2000 K-1 World Grand Prix 2000 in Nagoya runner up in Nagoya, Japan

1999 K-1 Grand Prix '99 Final Round champion in Tokyo, Japan

1997 K-1 Grand Prix '97 Final champion in Tokyo, Japan

1994 I.S.K.A. Full Contact Light Heavyweight World champion in Marseilles, France

1994 K-2 Plus Tournament 1994 champion in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

1993 K-2 Grand Prix '93 champion in Tokyo, Japan

1993 W.M.T.A. & W.K.A. Light Heavyweight World champion in Tokyo, Japan

1993 K-1 Grand Prix '93 runner up in Tokyo, Japan

1992 W.M.T.A. Muay Thai World Champion -79.8 kg in the Netherlands

1990 WMTA Muay Thai World Champion -79.8 kg in Amsterdam, Netherlands

1990 W.K.A. World Kickboxing champion in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

1989 W.M.T.A. Muay Thai World Champion in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

1989 Savate World Champion in Paris, France

1988 W.K.A. European Kickboxing champion in Strasbourg, France

1988 Savate European champion in Strasbourg, France

1988 I.S.K.A. European Full Contact champion in Le Havre, France

1988 I.S.K.A. European Muay Thai Champion in Arnhem, the Netherlands

1987 Dutch Muay Thai Champion in Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Kickboxing record

{| class="toccolours" width=98% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; text-align:center;" |- ! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | Kickboxing Record |- valign="top" | Legend: |}

Television appearances

Ernesto has starred in a batsu game, Silent Library edition of a Japanese variety TV show called Downtown no Gaki no Tsukai ya Arahende!!, the video of which has increased his popularity among internet denizens. In the episode he participated in, players sat in a library and flipped over cards in a Russian roulette manner. If a player's card revealed a batsu/skull and crossbones (instead of 'Safe'), then he must endure a punishment while keeping quiet (as they are in a library). Ernesto suffered three punishments: getting a nose hair plucked, having a balloon inflate then explode in his shirt, and having a baseball player swing at his behind with a bat.

He also made an appearance as a police officer during the 24-hour punishment game at the Shakure Police Station in 2006.

See also

List of K-1 events

List of K-1 champions

List of male kickboxers

List of kickboxing organizations

References

External links

Official website of Ernesto Hoost

K-1sport.de - Complete Fighters Profile of Ernesto Hoost

Official K-1 Website (en) Ernesto Hoost profile

Ernesto Hoost (Audio) interview

Ernesto Hoost interview from 1995

Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:Dutch kickboxers Category:Super heavyweight kickboxers Category:Dutch Muay Thai practitioners Category:Dutch savateurs Category:People from Heemskerk Category:Dutch people of Surinamese descent Category:Surinamese people of Black African descent