This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011)

Cem Sultan
Cem's portrait painted by Pinturicchio.
Born	(1459-12-22)December 22, 1459
Died	February 25, 1495(1495-02-25) (aged 35) Capua

Cem Sultan (pronounced [ˈdʒem sulˈtɑːn]; Ottoman Turkish: جم, also spelt Djem, or Jem; nicknamed Jem Zizim), December 22, 1459 – February 25, 1495) was a pretender to the Ottoman throne in the 15th century. He was a son of Mehmed II the Conqueror and younger brother of Sultan Bayezid II. He was banished to Europe, first under the protection of the Knights Hospitaller of St. John on the island of Rhodes and ultimately that of the Pope himself.

Succession dispute[link]

At the death of Mehmed the Conqueror, Bayezid was the governor of Sivas, Tokat and Amasya, and Cem ruled the provinces of Karaman and Konya.

Contrary to Islamic law, which prohibits any unnecessary delay in burial, Mehmed II's body was transported to Constantinople, where it lay neglected; three days passed prior to perfumed candles being placed with the corpse so as to mitigate its stench. The grand vizier Karamanlı Mehmet Pasha – believing himself to be fulfilling the wishes of the recently deceased Sultan – attempted to arrange a situation whereby the younger son Cem, whose governing seat at Konya was closer than his brother Bayezid's seat at Amasya, would arrive in Constantinople prior to his older sibling and be able to claim the throne. In spite of Karamanli Mehmet's attempts at secrecy, the Sultan's death and the grand vizier's plan were discovered by the Janissaries, who had been forbidden to enter the capital. As a result of Karamanli Mehmet's scheming, the Janissary corps (who supported Bayezid over Cem), entered the capital and murdered the vizier. Prompted by the arrival of their ruler's corpse in the capital and the murder of vizier Karamanli Mehmet, there was widespread rioting. Understanding the danger of the situation, former grand vizier Ishak Pasha took the initiative of beseeching Bayezid to arrive with all due haste. In the meantime, Ishak Pasha took the cautionary measure of proclaiming the latter's 11-year-old son, Prince Korkud-Korkut, as regent until the arrival of his father.^[1]

Prince Bayezid arrived at Constantinople on May 21 and was declared Sultan. Only six days later, Cem captured the city of Inegöl with an army of 4,000. Sultan Bayezid sent his army under the command of vizier Ayas Pasha to kill his brother. On May 28, Cem had defeated Bayezid's army and declared himself Sultan of Anatolia, establishing his capital at Bursa. He proposed dividing the empire between them, leaving Bayezid only Europe. Bayezid furiously rejected the proposal. Declaring "between rulers there is no kinship," he marched on Bursa. The decisive battle between the two rivals to the Ottoman throne took place near the town of Yenişehir. Cem lost and fled with his family to Mamluk Cairo.

In Cairo, Cem received a letter from his brother, offering Cem one million akçes (the Ottoman currency) to stop competing for the throne. Cem rejected the offer, and in the following year he launched a campaign in Anatolia. On May 27, 1482, he besieged Konya but was soon forced to withdraw to Ankara. He intended to give it all up and return to Cairo but all of the roads to Egypt were under Bayezid's control.

Imprisonment[link]

Prince Cem (middle) and Pierre d'Aubusson at a dinner in Rhodes

Knights Hospitaller[link]

Cem and a few followers asked protection of the Spanish captain of Bodrum Castle. Pierre d'Aubusson, grand master of the Knights of St. John, then invited Cem to Rhodes. On June 29, Cem went there as a guest and was received with honour. In return for the overthrow of the new sultan Bayezid, Prince Cem offered perpetual peace between the Ottoman Empire and Christendom. However, the sultan paid the Knights a large amount to keep Cem captive. The Knights took the money and betrayed Cem, who thereafter became a well-treated prisoner. Afterwards, Cem was sent to the castle of Pierre d'Aubusson in France. Sultan Bayezid sent a messenger to France and requested Cem to be kept there; he agreed to make an annual payment in gold for his brother's expenses.

Pope[link]

Cem was transferred in March 1489 to the custody of Pope Innocent VIII, who unsuccessfully attempted to use Cem to begin a new crusade.^[2] The Pope also tried to convert Cem to Christianity, without success. Cem's presence in Rome was useful nevertheless, because whenever Bayezid intended to launch a military campaign against Christian nations of the Balkans, the Pope would threaten to release the pretender. In exchange for maintaining the custody of Cem, Bayezid paid Innocent VIII 120,000 crowns (at the time, equal to all other annual sources of papal revenue combined), a relic of the Holy Lance (which allegedly had pierced the side of Christ), one-hundred Moorish slaves, and an annual fee of 45,000 ducats.^[3]

Death[link]

Cem died in Capua on February 25, 1495, while on a military expedition to conquer Naples under the command of King Charles VIII of France. Sultan Bayezid declared national mourning for three days. He also requested to have Cem's body for a Muslim funeral, but it was not until four years after Cem's death that his body was finally brought to the Ottoman lands because of attempts to receive more gold for Cem's corpse. He was buried in Bursa.

Cem Sultan's descendant's[link]

The Descendants of Mehmed II, through his Son Cem Sultan:

Mehmed II married 1458 Adrianople, Turkey, Princess Helen Alexias Paleologos, Daughter of Demetrios Paleologos, Despot of Morea

1.1. Prince (Shahzada) Cem b. 1459 Adrianople Palace d. 25-02-1495 Naples Governor of Kastamonu (r1469- Governor of Karaman (r 1474-81) 2nd Vali Ahad from 1474 Sultan of Anatolia (28 May 1481) Defeated by he's older half brother (Bayezid ) at the battle of Yenishir 20 June 1481, m. Helena dei Conti Orsini, with issue.

Title: Principe de Sayd

Created: Created Principe de Sayd November 1492 by Pope Alexander Borgia Created Visconte de Sayd, by the King of Naples Created Patrician of Rome by the Roman Senate.

To: Principe Pierre Mehmed Sayd of the Ottoman Empire

By: Pope Alexander VI Borgia

Remainder: Singularly to all the descendants of Principe Mehmed Sayd in the male primogenial line born in the Christian faith. According to the Letters Patent, only those born within the marriage in the Church of Rome and within the vows of marriage to ensure that true Christian lineage continues from the legacy given to a friend and convert to the Church of Rome. This applies to the Prince Djem's son Pierre Mehmed and his descendants in the order of Primogeniture.

Further, the Church of Rome extends its ruling that if a child is born before one's parents marriage and is baptised will not be entitled to succeed. Pope Alexander VI clearly marked this in the letter's patent dated November 1492. To continue the lineal line of senior descent of Principe Djem Ottomani according to the original conversion acts set by Pope Alexander VI upon acceptance of onto the Church of Rome.

No further applications to extend or change the original patent in Rome, today any future changes must only be accepted by the papacy only.

Present Holder: Principe Giuseppe Said, 17th Principe de Sayd

Present male-to-male descendants can style: “dei Principe Said” within two generations of the head of the house, with dispensation to those acquiring style for personal use. At no time can any descendant style Principe or Principessa refer.

1. Prince Pierre Mehmed Sayd of the Ottoman Empire, 1st Prince de Sayd., died 1522 Rhodes Island, succeeded by eldest son.

2. Prince Oshin Pierre Sayd, 2nd Prince de Sayd, died 1594 Naples, succeeded by eldest son.

3. Prince Oshin Pierre II Sayd, 3rd Prince de Sayd, died 1600 Naples, succeeded by eldest brother.

4. Prince John Battista Sayd, 4th Prince de Sayd, 1st Prince di Bibino Magno, died 1602 Sicily, succeeded by eldest son.

5. Prince Oshin III Carlo Sayd, 5th Prince de Sayd, 2nd Prince di Bibino Magno, died 1653 Mdina Malta, succeeded by eldest son.

6. Prince Jean Pierre Sayd, 6th Prince de Sayd, 3rd Prince di Bibino Magno, died 1671 Sicily, succeeded by brother.

7. Prince Oshin IV Jerome Sayd, 7th Prince de Sayd, 4th Prince di Bibino Magno, died 1679 Rome, succeeded by 1st Cousin.

8. Prince Pierre Djem Sayd Ruffo, 8th Prince de Sayd, died 1683 Palermo Sicily, succeeded by 2nd Cousin once removed.

9. Don Salvatore Sayd, 9th Prince de Sayd, died 1699 Santi Malta, succeeded by eldest son.

10. Don Simone Sayd, 10th Prince de Sayd, 6th Prince di Bibino Magno, died at Santi, Malta, succeeded by eldest son.

11. Don Lorenzo Sayd, 11th Prince de Sayd, 7th Prince di Bibino Magno, died at Santi, Malta, succeeded by Eldest Son.

12. Don Giovanni Maria Said, 12th Prince de Sayd, 8th Prince di Bibino Magno, executed by Napoleon 1799, succeeded by eldest son.

13. Don Salvatore II Said, 13th Prince de Sayd, 9th Prince di Bibino Magno, died at Santi, Malta, succeeded by eldest son.

14. Don Giovanni Maria Said, 14th Prince de Sayd, 10th Prince di Bibino Magno, died 1907 Santi, Malta, succeeded by Eldest legitimate son.

15. Conte Francesco Saverio Said, 15th Prince de Sayd, 11th Prince di Bibino Magno, died 1956 Santi, Malta, succeeded by Eldest legitimate Son.

(15) (illegitimate Line) Conte Salvatore Said, De-Jure 15th Prince de Sayd, De-Jure Prince of Bibino Magno, died 1923 Cairo, Egypt, succeeded by his eldest son.

(16) (illegitimate Line) Conte Enrico Said, De-Jure 16th Prince de Sayd, De-Jure Prince of Bibino Magno, died 1944 Paris, France, succeeded by his eldest son.

(17) (illegitimate Line) Conte Salvatore Said, De-Jure 17th Prince de Sayd, De-Jure Prince of Bibino Magno, died 1945 Paris, France, succeeded by his Uncle.

(18) (illegitimate Line) Conte Riccardo Said, De-Jure 18th Prince de Sayd, De-Jure Prince of Bibino Magno, died 1952 Paris, France, succeeded by his son.

(19) (illegitimate Line) Conte Louis Said, De-Jure 19th Prince de Sayd, De-Jure Prince of Bibino Magno, died 1991, Paris, France, succeeded by his son.

(20) (illegitimate Line) Conte Ricard Said, De-Jure 20th and Last Prince de Sayd, De-Jure Prince of Bibino Magno, died 2010, Paris, France. His line is extinct.

16. Conte Carmelo Said, 16th Prince de Sayd, 12th Prince di Bibino Magno, died 1973 Mgarr Malta, succeeded by eldest son.

17. Conte Giuseppe Said, 17th Prince de Sayd, 13th Prince di Bibino Magno, (born 1949-).

Order of Succession (last updated 04-07-2010):

Descendants of Principe Giuseppe Said:

1. Count Charles Said-Vassallo (1971-.

2. Count David Said, (1975-.

3. Count Joel Isaac Said, (2005-.

Descendants of Principe Carmelo Said:

4. Conte Angelo Said, (1952-.

5. Matthew Said, (1976-.

6. Joachim Said, (2001-.

7. Aaron Said, (2004-.

8. Ryan Said, (2008-.

9. Daniel Said, (1981-.

10. Sean Said, (1984-.

11. Conte Paul Said, (1954-.

12. Conte David Said, (1956-.

13. Gordon Said, (1981-.

14. Johann Said, (1983-.

15. Conte Moses Said, (1958-.

16. Charles A. Said, (1983-.

17. Olivier Said, (1985-.

18. Fabien Said, (1998-.

19. Conte Orazio Said, (1960-.

20. Charles O. Said, (1987-.

21. Michael Said, (1991-.

22. Conte Emmanuel Said, (1961-.

23. Julian Said, (1991-.

24. Conte Rev. Mario Said, (1969-.

Treatments and references[link]

In literature[link]

In the 1490s, a book in Latin was written about Cem's life. It was illustrated by Guillaume Caoursin, vice-chancellor of the Knights Hospitaller. It was published in several European countries that possessed printing capability: Venice, Paris, Bruges, Salamanca, Ulm and London. The many illustrations in the book are the first accurately described representations in Western Europe of costumes and weapons of the Turkish people.

An account of Cem's captivity—and of the political machinations that kept him captive—forms the basis of the historical novel, Francesca: Les Jeux du Sort (1872), written by the Haitian writer and political exile, Demesvar Delorme.^[4]

Cem's life also served as inspiration for a character in the book The Damned Yard (1954) by Ivo Andrić.

Bulgarian historian Vera Mutafchieva, inspired by Cem Sultan's importance in European politics of the 15th century, wrote a novel (The Cem case) about him.

In television[link]

• In the Showtime series The Borgias, Cem is played by British actor Elyes Gabel, and is depicted anachronistically in Rome under the papacy of Innocent VIII's successor, Pope Alexander VI. He is also portrayed to have sought to convert to Christianity, and to have been assassinated by Alexander VI's son, Juan Borja.

• In the Canal+ series Borgia, the character of Cem dies from fever when traveling with Cesare Borgia in Charles' campaign against Naples.

See also[link]

	Middle Ages portal
	Royalty portal

Notes[link]

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cem

• Duffy, Eamon (2006). Saints & Sinners – A History of the Popes. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11597-0. 
• Finkel, Caroline (2006). Osman's Dream – The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02396-7. 
• Freely, John (2004). Jem Sultan – The Adventures of a Captive Turkish Prince in Renaissance Europe. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-00-715066-3. 

v t e Ottoman princes fighting for the throne Against Murat I (1373) Savcı Bey Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413) Mehmet Çelebi · Süleyman Çelebi · İsa Çelebi · Musa Çelebi Against Mehmet I (1419) Mustafa Çelebi Against Murat II (1421–1423) Mustafa Çelebi · Küçük Mustafa Against Beyazıt II (1481-1482) Cem Sultan Against Beyazıt II (1511–1512) Selim · Ahmet Against Selim I (1512–1513) Ahmet · Korkut Against Süleyman I (1553–1560) Mustafa · Beyazıt Against Ahmet I (1603-1617) Yahya

Cüneyt Arkın (born Fahrettin Cüreklibatır ^[1] on September 7, 1937 in the village of Gökçeoğlu of Alpu district in Eskişehir, Turkey) is a Turkish film actor, director and producer. His name by birth is Fahrettin Cüreklibatur and his parents are descendants of a Crimean Tatar family.

He is not only a doctor of medicine, but also a renowned martial artist in seven different disciplines. Having starred in somewhere around 248 movies and also TV series, he is widely considered as one of the most prominent Turkish actors of all time. His movies shown abroad featured him as George Arkin. His films have ranged from well-received dramas to mockbusters, throughout his career.

His most notable movies are historical dramas, taking place during the first centuries of the Ottoman Empire and Anatolian Seljuks. Malkoçoğlu Cem Sultan and Battal Gaziare a few good example of these movies. While gaining success with such action-based films, he also took part in political films in the late 1970s, the most famous of those being The Adam Trilogy directed by Remzi Aydın Jöntürk.

Although it is one of his the poorest quality films,^{[citation needed]} he became known abroad for the movie Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam (The Man Who Saves The World – also known as Turkish Star Wars), an extremely low-budget science fiction tentatively famous for featuring bootlegged scenes from Star Wars. Today, despite being a B movie, it has a cult following.
On the set, Arkin was well known to perform many incredible feats of his martial arts combat skills,^{[citation needed]} like jumping on the trampolines and splitting papier-mâché boulders with his fists. In one incident, an extra was harmed when he got into an argument with him over the validity of his martial arts abilities. The two sparred but the fight ended quickly when Arkin kicked him hard in the kneecap of his left leg (though some^[who?] maintain it was his right), instantly causing the leg to buckle in the opposite direction. Later on, Arkin felt very bad for what he has done and paid a visit to the man in the hospital to apologise.^{[citation needed]}

Family[link]

After graduation from the university as a physician, Fahrettin Cüreklibatır married to his classmate Güler Mocan in 1965. In 1966, their daughter Filiz was born.However,the marriage did not last long due to Fahrettin's newly beginning career as a film actor.^[2]

In 1968, he took the screen name Cüneyt Arkın, met Betül Işıl, a blonde girl from a wealthy family that owned a tile manufacturing company. Işıl, a graduate of a university in Switzerland was working as a flight attendant at the time. They got engaged in 1969 and on June 22 the following year, the couple got married. The togetherness ended soon after, and the couple would divorce the next year. She could not stand the difficulties associated with her husband's lifestyle as a celebrity. In the couple of months following the divorce, Cüneyt Arkın took on alcohol due to his separation. As he wanted to remarry her, Betül asked him to stop drinking. The couple married soon again for the second time. Then after, Betül gave birth to two sons, Murat and Kaan Polat.^[3][4] Cüneyt Arkın's wife and sons starred in some movies of him as well.^[5]

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• A special trailer
• Cüneyt Arkın at the Internet Movie Database
• Official Webpage (Turkish)

This article is an orphan, as few or no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; suggestions may be available. (November 2010)

Can Atilla
Background information
Born	1969 Ankara, Turkey
Genres	New Age
Labels	Sony BMG
Website	http://www.canatilla.net

Can Atilla (born in 1969) is a Turkish composer and musician. He composed "Diriliş" (Resurrection), the official music for the 90th anniversary of the Turkish parliament.^[1]

Albums[link]

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

• 1992: Bilinçaltı (Subconsciousness)
• 1995: Waves of Wheels
• 1996: Kuvayi Milliye Destanı (The Epic of Independence War)
• 1997: Efsaneler (The Legends)
• 1998: Ave (In Memory of Tangerine Dream)
• 1999: Albatros
• 2001: St. Florian, Dramatic Poem for Large Orchestra and Organ in memory of Anton Bruckner
• 2003: Live
• 2004: Omni
• 2005: Concorde
• 2005: Cariyeler ve Geceler (Concubines and Nights)
• 2006: 1453 - Sultanlar Aşkına (1453 - For the Sultans' Sake)
• 2007: Aşk-ı Hürrem (The Love of Hürrem)
• 2010: Altın Çağ (The Golden Age)
• 2011: Hi-Story

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Can Atilla at MTV
• 2008 article at Today's Zaman
• 2010 article at Today's Zaman